Vector & 3d Complex & Misc Class 12 Solution

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Subject : MATHEMATICS
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Select the correct alternative : (Only one is correct)

Q.12/vec If a = 111 , b = 23 , a − b = 30 , then a + b is :
(A) 10 (B*) 20 (C) 30 (D) 40
page 2

Q.25/vec The position vector of a point P moving in space is given by OP = R = (3 cos t )î + (4 cos t ) ĵ + (5 sin t )k̂ .
The time 't' when the point P crosses the plane 4x – 3y + 2z = 5 is
π π π π
Teko Classes, Maths : Suhag R. Kariya (S. R. K. Sir), Bhopal Phone : 0 903 903 7779, 0 98930 58881.
(A) sec (B*) sec (C) sec (D) sec
2 6 3 4
[Hint: put x = 3 cos t ; y = 4 cos t ; z = 5 sin t in the equation of the plane, we get
12 cos t – 12 cos t + 10 sin t = 5
1 π
sin t = ⇒ t = sec ]
2 6
Q.36/vec Indicate the correct order sequence in respect of the following :

x−4 y+6 y+6 x −1 y − 2 z − 3
I. The lines = = and = = are orthogonal.
−3 −1 −1 −1 −2 2
II. The planes 3x – 2y – 4z = 3 and the plane x – y – z = 3 are orthogonal.
III. The function f (x) = ln(e–2 + ex) is monotonic increasing ∀ x ∈ R.
IV. If g is the inverse of the function, f (x) = ln(e–2 + ex) then g(x) = ln(ex – e–2).
(A) FTFF (B) TFTT (C*) FFTT (D) FTTT

[Sol. I. L1 is | | to − 3î − ĵ − k̂ = V1

L2 is | | to − î − 2 ĵ + 2k̂ = V2

V1 · V2 = 3 + 2 – 2 = 3 ⇒ L is not perpendicular to L2 ⇒ False
II. 3·1 – (2) (–1) – (4)(–1) = 3 + 2 + 4 ≠ 0 ⇒ planes are not perpendicular ⇒ False
III. f (x) = ln(e–2 + ex)
1· e x
f ' (x) = − 2 x > 0 ⇒ f is increasing ∀ x ∈ R ⇒ True
e +e
IV. y = ln(e + ex)
–2
e–2 + ex = ey
ex = ey – e–2
∴ f–1(y) = ln(ey – e–2)
g (x) = ln(ex – e–2) ⇒ True]
z1 z1 + z 2
Q.42/complex If z is purely imaginary then z − z is equal to :
2 1 2
(A*) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 0

1 + (z1 z 2 ) 1 + xi
[Hint: E = (z z ) − 1 = =1 ]
1 2 xi − 1
Successful People Replace the words like; "wish", "try" & "should" with "I Will". Ineffective People don't.
Q.57/vec In a regular tetrahedron, the centres of the four faces are the vertices of a smaller tetrahedron. The ratio
m
of the volume of the smaller tetrahedron to that of the larger is , where m and n are relatively prime
n
positive integers. The value of (m + n) is
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 27 (D*) 28
1 1 1
[Hint: Vl = [a b c] ; Vs = · [a b c]
6 6 27
page 3
Vs 1 m n m
Hence V = 27 = or = =k
l n 27 1
∴ m and n are relatively prime ⇒ k = 1, (m + n) = 28
further hint for

1 a b c  1 1
Vs =  · ·  = · [ a b c ] ]
6  3 3 3  6 27
1
Q.69/vec If a , b , c are non-coplanar unit vectors such that a x (bx c) = (b + c) then the angle between a & b is
2
(A*) 3 π/4 (B) π/4 (C) π/2 (D) π
[JEE ’95, 2]
Q.712/vec The sine of angle formed by the lateral face ADC and plane of the base ABC of the tetrahedron ABCD
where A ≡ (3, –2, 1); B ≡ (3, 1, 5); C ≡ (4, 0, 3) and D ≡ (1, 0, 0) is
2 5 3 3 −2
(A) (B*) (C) (D)
29 29 29 29
Q.86/complex Let z be a complex number, then the region represented by the inequality z + 2 < z + 4
is given by :
(A*) Re (z) > − 3 (B) Im (z) < − 3
(C) Re (z) < − 3 & Im (z) > − 3 (D) Re (z) < − 4 & Im (z) > − 4

Q.914/vec The volume of the parallelpiped whose edges are represented by the vectors a = 2 i − 3 j + 4 k ,

b = 3 i − j + 2 k , c = i + 2 j − k is :
(A*) 7 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) none

Q.1015/vec Let u,v,w be the vectors such that u+v+w =0 , if u =3, v =4 & w =5 then the value

of u.v + v.w + w.u is :
(A) 47 (B*) −25 (C) 0 (D) 25
[JEE ’95,1]

Q.1116/vec Let a = î − ĵ , b = ˆj − k̂ , c = k̂ − î . If d is a unit vector such that a . d = 0 = [b , c , d] then d
1 1 1
(A*) ± ( î+ˆj−2k̂ ) (B) ± (î+ˆj−k̂ ) (C) ± ( î+ˆj +k̂ ) (D) ± k̂
6 3 3
1
Q.128/complex If z be a complex number for which z + = 2 , then the greatest value of z is :
z
(A*) 2 +1 (B) 3 +1 (C) 2 2 − 1 (D) none
1 1 1
[Hint : z− ≤ z + ≤ | z| +
z z z
page 4
1 1
r−
≤ 2 ≤ r+
r r
Now consider all inequalities ]

Q.1322/vec If the non − zero vectors a & b are perpendicular to each other, then the solution of the equation ,

r × a = b is :
( )

( )
1 1
(A*) r = x a + a × b (B) r = x b − a × b
a .a b.b

(C) r = x a × b (D) r = x b × a
where x is any scalar.

[Hint: r = x a + y b + 2 a × b

take cross with a

r × a = yb × a + z(a × b) × a

b = y(b × a ) + z [(a · a ) b − (b · a ) × a ] ]

b = y( b × a ) + z ( a · a ) b

since b < a × b are non coplanar

∴ z (a · a ) = 1 & y = 0
1
z = 2
a
1
∴ r = x a + 2 (a × b ) ]
a
x −2 y−3 z −4 x −1 y − 4 z − 5
Q.1423/vec The lines = = and = = are coplanar if
1 1 −k k 2 1
(A) k = 1 or – 1 (B*) k = 0 or – 3 (C) k = 3 or – 3 (D) k = 0 or – 1
Q.1524/vec Which one of the following statement is INCORRECT ?
[ ]

(A) If n . a = 0 , n . b = 0 & n . c = 0 for some non zero vector n , then a b c = 0
(B*) there exist a vector having direction angles α = 30º & β = 45º
(C) locus of point for which x = 3 & y = 4 is a line parallel to the z - axis whose distance from the
z-axis is 5
→ → →
(D) In a regular tetrahedron OABC where ' O ' is the origin , the vector OA + OB + OC is perpendicular
to the plane ABC.
[Explanation:

[ ]

(A) ∴ n is perpendicular to a , b as well as c ⇒ a , b , c must be in the same plane ⇒ a b c = 0
(B) If one direction angle is θ then the remaining two cannot be less than 90 − θ

 a + b + c
( )

(D) verify that  a −  . a + b + c = 0 where a = b = c ]
 3 
page 5
Q.1612/complex Given that the equation, z2 + (p + iq) z + r + is = 0 has a real root where p, q, r, s ∈ R. Then
which one is correct
(A) pqr = r2 + p2s (B) prs = q2 + r2p (C) qrs = p2 + s2q (D*) pqs = s2 + q2r
[Hint: Let z = α be the real root ⇒ α + (p + iq)α + r + is = 0
2
(α2 + pα + r) + i(qα + s) = 0 + 0 i ⇒ qα + s = 0 ..........(1) and

α + pα + r = 0 ..........(2)
2
s
From (1) α = – . Put in (2) to get the result ]
q
Q.1727/vec The distance of the point (3, 4, 5) from x-axis is

(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 34 (D*) 41
[Hint: distance from x-axis of x, y, z = y12 + z12 ]

Q.1829/vec Given non zero vectors A, B and C , then which one of the following is false?

(A) A vector orthogonal to A × B and C is ± (A × B) × C

(B) A vector orthogonal to A + B and A − B is ± A × B

(C) Volume of the parallelopiped determined by A, B and C is | A × B · C |

A·B
(D*) Vector projection of A onto B is
| B|

(A · B)
[Hint: It should be 2 B ]
B

Q . 1 9
30/vec Given three vectors a , b , c such that they are non − zero, non − coplanar vectors, then which of the
following are non coplanar.

(A*) a + b , b + c , c + a (B) a − b , b + c , c + a

(C) a + b , b − c , c + a (D) a + b, b + c, c − a

[Hint: Verify v1 + v 2 = v 3 in order to quickly answer ]
Q.2016/complex The sum i + 2i2 + 3i3 + ........ + 2002i2002, where i = − 1 is equal to

(A) – 999 + 1002i (B) – 1002 + 999i (C) – 1001 + 1000i (D*) – 1002 + 1001i
2 3
[Sol. S = i + 2i + 3i + ......... + 200i 2002
iS = i2 + 2i3 + .........+ 2001i2002 + 2002i2003

– – – – –
———————————————————
S(1 – i) = i + i2 + i3 + ......... + i2002 – 2002i2003
i (1 − i 2002 ) 2i
= + 2002 i = + 2002 i = i(1 + i) + 2002i
1− i 1− i
− 1 + 2003i (−1 + 2003i)(1 + i ) − 2004 + 2002i

S= = = – 1 – i + 2003i – 2003 =
1− i 2 2
= – 1002 + 1001i ]
→
page 6
Q.2131/vec Locus of the point P , for which OP represents a vector with direction cosine
1
cos α = ( ' O ' is the origin) is :
2
(A) A circle parallel to y z plane with centre on the x − axis
(B*) a cone concentric with positive x − axis having vertex at the origin and the slant height equal to the
magnitude of the vector
(C) a ray emanating from the origin and making an angle of 60º with x − axis
→
| |
(D) a disc parallel to y z plane with centre on x − axis & radius equal to O P sin 60º
[Hint : ]

Q.22 38/vec A line with direction ratios (2, 1, 2) intersects the lines r = −ˆj + λ (î + ˆj + k̂ ) and

r = − î + µ(2î + ˆj + k̂ ) at A and B, then l (AB) is equal to
(A*) 3 (B) 3 (C) 2 2 (D) 2
x −1 y +1 z − 0 x +1 y − 0 z−0
[Hint: L1 : = = =λ; L2 : = = =µ
1 1 1 2 1 1
Hence any point on L1 and L2 can be (λ, λ – 1, λ) and (2µ – 1, µ, µ)
2µ − 1 − λ µ − λ +1 µ − λ
∴ = =
2 1 1
solving µ = 1 and λ = 3
A = (3, 2, 3) and B = (1, 1, 1) ]
Q.2347/vec The vertices of a triangle are A (1, 1, 2) , B (4, 3, 1) & C (2, 3, 5). The vector representing the internal
bisector of the angle A is :
(A) i + j + 2 k (B) 2 i − 2 j + k (C) 2 i + 2 j − k (D*) 2 i + 2 j + k
Q.2428/complex Lowest degree of a polynomial with rational coefficients if one of its root is, 2 + i is
(A) 2 (B*) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8
[Sol. Let x= 2 +i
⇒ (x − 2 ) 2
=–1 ⇒ x2 + 2 – 2 2 x = – 1
⇒ x2 + 3 = 2 2 x ⇒ x4 + 9 + 6x2 = 8x2 ⇒ x4 – 2x2 + 9 = 0 ]
Q.2555/vec A plane vector has components 3 & 4 w.r.t. the rectangular cartesian system. This system is rotated
π
through an angle in anticlockwise sense. Then w.r.t. the new system the vector has components :
4
7 1 1 7
(A) 4, 3 (B*) , (C) , (D) none
2 2 2 2
3 4
[Hint : cos θ = sin θ =
page 7
5 5
now w.r.t. new system X ′ Y ′
X component is5 cos (θ − 45º)
Y component is 5 sin (θ − 45º) ]

[ ]

Q.2656/vec Let a = xi + 12j − k ; b = 2i + 2xj + k & c = i + k . If the ordered set b c a is left handed , then:
(A) x ∈ (2, ∞) (B) x ∈ (− ∞, − 3) (C*) x ∈ (− 3, 2) (D) x ∈ {− 3, 2}

[Sol. For a right hand set [ a b c ] > 0 and for a left handed system [ a b c ] < 0 ]
Q.2773/vec If cos α î + ˆj + k̂ , î + cos β ˆj + k̂ & î + ˆj + cos γ k̂ (α ≠ β ≠ γ ≠ 2 n π) are coplanar then the value of
 2α 2β 2γ
cos ec 2 + cos ec 2 + cos ec 2  equal to
 
(A) 1 (B*) 2 (C) 3 (D) none of these
cos α 1 1 cos α − 1 1 − cos β 0

[Hint : 1 cos β 1 =0 ⇒ 0 cos β − 1 1 − cos γ = 0  (2)
1 1 cos γ 1 1 cos γ
β
− 2 sin 2 α 2 sin 2 0
2 2
β γ
0 − 2 sin 2 2 sin 2 = 0
2 2
1 1 cos γ
α  2 β γ β γ
+ 2 sin2  + 2 sin cos γ + 2 sin 2  + 2 sin2 2 sin2
2  2 2 2 2
α  2β  2 γ γ β γ
sin 2  1 − 2 sin 2  + sin
2
sin2  + sin2 sin2 =0
2  2 2 2
α β γ γ β α
multiply by cosec2 cosec2 cosec2 cosec2 − 2 + cosec2 + cosec2 = 0
2 2 2 2 2 2
Alternatively : Expand number 2
(cos α − 1) [ cos γ (cos β − 1) − (1 − cos γ) ] + (1 − cos β) (1 − cos γ) = 0
or (1 − cos α) (1 − cos β) cos γ + (1 − cos β) (1 − cos γ) + (1 − cos γ) (1 − cos α) = 0
Now proceed ]
Q.2834/complex The straight line (1 + 2i)z + (2i – 1) z = 10i on the complex plane, has intercept on the imaginary
axis equal to
5 5
(A*) 5 (B) (C) – (D) – 5
2 2
[Hint: put z = iy (1 + 2i) iy – (2i – 1) i y = 10 i
y + 0 y = 10 ⇒ y=5 ]
page 8
Q.2975/vec The perpendicular distance of an angular point of a cube of edge 'a' from the diagonal which does not
pass that angular point, is
3 2
(A) 3a (B) 2a (C) a (D*) a
2 3
[Sol. Consider a unit cube

equation of AB is r = k̂ + λ(î + ˆj − k̂ )
p.v. of N λ , λ, (–1 – λ)
→
ON = λ î + λˆj − (1 + λ )k̂
→ →
now ON . AB = 0
λ+λ+l+λ=0 ⇒ λ = – 1/3
→ 1 1 2 1 →
1 4 2
Hence ON = − î − ĵ − k̂ ; | ON | =
+ + = ]
3 3 3 9 9 9 3
( )

Q.3088/vec Which one of the following does not hold for the vector V = a x b x a ?

(A) perpendicular to a (B*) perpendicular to b

(C) coplanar with a & b (D) perpendicular to a x b .
Q.3153/complex Let z1, z2 & z3 be the complex numbers representing the vertices of a triangle ABC respectively.
If P is a point representing the complex number z0 satisfying ;
a (z1 − z0) + b (z2 − z0) + c (z3 − z0) = 0 , then w.r.t. the triangle ABC, the point P is its :
(A) centroid (B) orthocentre (C) circumcentre (D*) incentre
az 1 + bz 2 + cz 3
[Hint : az1 + bz2 + cz3 = z0(a + b + c) ⇒ z0 = ⇒ z0 is the incentre]
a+b+c

Q.3296/vec Given the position vectors of the vertices of a triangle ABC, A ≡ (a ) ; B ≡ ( b ) ; C ≡ ( c ) . A vector r is
parallel to the altitude drawn from the vertex A, making an obtuse angle with the positive Y-axis. If

| r | = 2 34 ; a = 2î − ˆj − 3k̂ ; b = î + 2 ˆj − 4k̂ ; c = 3î − ˆj − 2k̂ , then r is
(A*) − 6î − 8ˆj − 6k̂ (B) 6î − 8ˆj + 6k̂ (C) − 6î − 8ˆj + 6k̂ (D) 6î + 8ˆj + 6k̂

[Sol. | r | = 2 34
Equation of line BC: î + 2ˆj − 4k̂ + λ ( 2i − 3 j + 2k )

→
BC
p.v. of N is 2λ +1 , 2 – 3λ , 2λ – 4
→
vector AN = (2λ – 1) î + (3– 3λ) ˆj + (2λ–1) k̂
page 9
→ →
now AN . BC = 0
2(2λ – 1)–3(3– 3λ) +2 (2λ–1)
(4λ + 9λ + 4λ) = 2 + 9 + 2 = 13 ⇒ λ = 13/17
→ →
9î + 12 ĵ + 9k̂ 306 3 34
AN = ; AN = =
17 17 17
→ → 3 34
r = P ( AN ) ⇒ | r | = | P | . | AN | hence 2 34 = | P |
17
34 34 34
|P|= ⇒ P= or −
3 3 3
34  9î + 12 ĵ + 9k̂ 
  =+2(
r =+  17  3î + 4ˆj + 3k̂ )
3  
∴ angle with y axis is –ve ⇒ +ve sign to be rejected

r = − 6î − 8ˆj − 6k̂ ⇒ (A) ]
Q.3372/complex The complex number, z = 5 + i has an argument which is nearly equal to :

(A) π/32 (B*) π/16 (C) π/12 (D) π/8
[Hint : z = 5 + i
5 + i = 26 (cosθ + i sinθ)
+24 + 10i = 26(cos2θ + i sin2θ)
+476 + 480i = 676(cos4θ + i sin4θ)
676 sin 4θ = 476  476
⇒  ⇒ tan 4θ = ~1
and 676 cos 4θ = 480  480
π π
4θ = ⇒θ= ]
4 16

a.a a.b a.c

Q.3497/vec If a = î + ˆj + k̂ , b = î − ˆj + k̂ , c = î + 2ˆj − k̂ , then the value of b.a b.b b.c equal to

c.a c.b c.c
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C*) 16 (D) 64
2
[Hint : [ ]
2 1 1 1
a b c = 1 −1 1 = 16 ]
1 2 −1
Q.3596/complex If the equation x2 + ax + b = 0 where a, b ∈ R has a non real root whose cube is 343 then
(7a + b) has the value
(A*) 98 (B) – 49 (C) – 98 (D) 49

[Sol. the cube root of 343 are the roots of x3 – 343 = 0
(x – 7)(x2 + 7x + 49) = 0
where a = 7 and b = 49 ⇒ 7a + b = 98 Ans.]
page 10
Direction for Q.36 to Q.40.

Let A = î + 2 ˆj + 3k̂ and B = 3î + 4 ˆj + 5k̂

Q.363(i)/vec The value of the scalar | A × B |2 + (A · B) 2 is equal to
(A) 8 (B) 7 10 (C*) 10 7 (D) 64

[Sol. | a |2 | b |2 = 50 · 14 = 700 = 10 7 Ans]
Q.373(ii)/vec Equation of a line passing through the point with position vector 2î + 3 ˆj and orthogonal to the plane

containing the vectors A and B , is

(A*) r = (λ + 2) î − ( 2λ − 3)ˆj + λk̂ (B) r = (λ − 2) î − ( 2λ − 3)ˆj + λk̂

(C) r = λ î + (2λ − 3)ˆj − λk̂ (D) none
î ĵ k̂
[Sol. A × B = 1 2 3 = (10 − 12)î − (5 − 9)ˆj + (4 − 6)k̂ = − 2î + 4ˆj − 2k̂ = − 2(î − 2ˆj + k̂ )
3 4 5

Here r = 2î + 3ˆj + λ ( î − 2 ĵ + k̂ ) = r = ( 2 + λ ) î + (3 − 2λ )ˆj + λk̂ Ans.]
Q.383(iii)/vec Equation of a plane containing the point with position vector (î − ˆj + k̂ ) and parallel to the vectors

A and B , is
(A) x + 2y + z = 0 (B) x – 2y – z – 2 = 0
(C*) x – 2y + z – 4 = 0 (D) 2x + y + z – 1 = 0

[Sol. n = î − 2ˆj + k̂

a = î − ĵ + k̂

( r − a) · n = 0

r · (î − 2ˆj + k̂ ) = a · n = 4
x – 2y + z = 4 ]

Q.393(iv)/vec Volume of the tetrahedron whose 3 coterminous edges are the vectors A , B and C = 2î + ˆj − 4k̂
is
(A) 1 (B*) 4/3 (C) 8/3 (D) 8
1 1 1 2 3
[Sol. [a b c ] = 3 4 5
6 6 2 1 −4
1 1 8 4
= [1(–16 – 5) – 2(–12 – 10) + 3(3 – 8)] = [–21 + 44 – 15] = = ]
6 6 6 3

Q.403(v)/vec Vector component of A perpendicular to the vector B is given by

B × (A × B) A × ( A × B) B × (A × B) A × (A × B)
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
B2 B2 A2 A2

 A·B 
[Sol. x = A −  2  B ⇒ (A) ]
 B 
page 11
Select the correct alternatives : (More than one are correct)
Q.41501/vec If a, b, c are different real numbers and a i + b j + c k ; b i + c j + a k & ci + a j + b k are position
vectors of three non-collinear points A, B & C then :
(A*) centroid of triangle ABC is
3
(
a +b+c
i+ j+k )
(B*) i + j + k is equally inclined to the three vectors
(C*) perpendicular from the origin to the plane of triangle ABC meet at centroid
(D*) triangle ABC is an equilateral triangle.

Q.42504/vec The vectors a , b , c are of the same length & pairwise form equal angles. If a = i + j & b = j + k ,

the pv's of c can be :
1 4 1  1 4 1
(B)  − , , − 
4 1 4
(A*) (1, 0, 1) (C)  , − ,  (D*)  − , ,− 
 3 3 3 3 3 3  3 3 3

[Hint : Let c = x i + y j + z k x2 + y2 + z2 = 2  (1)

now a . b = b . c = c . a ⇒ I = y + z = x + y  (2)
∴ z=x y= 1−x
put z and y in terms of x in (1) to get x and then get y and z ]
Q.43512/complex Which of the following locii of z on the complex plane represents a pair of straight lines?
(A*) Re z2 = 0 (B*) Im z2 = 0 (C) z + z = 0 (D) z − 1 = z − i
[ Hint : C ⇒ negative real axis ;
D ⇒ perpendicular bisector of the line joining (0, 1) & (1, 0) ]

Q.44506/vec If a , b , c & d are linearly independent set of vectors & K1 a + K 2 b + K 3 c + K 4 d = 0 then :
(A*) K1 + K2 + K3 + K4 = 0 (B*) K1 + K3 = K2 + K4 = 0
(C*) K1 + K4 = K2 + K3 = 0 (D) none of these

[Hint : k1 a + k 2 b + k 3 c + k 4 d = 0 a , b , c , d are linearly independent
∴ k1 = k2 = k3 = k4 = 0 ]

Q.45507/vec If a , b , c & d are the pv's of the points A, B, C & D respectively in three dimensional space &

satisfy the relation 3 a − 2 b + c − 2 d = 0, then :
(A*) A, B, C & D are coplanar
(B) the line joining the points B & D divides the line joining the point A & C in the ratio 2 : 1.
(C*) the line joining the points A & C divides the line joining the points B & D in the ratio 1 : 1

(D*) the four vectors a , b , c & d are linearly dependent.

3a + c 2 b + 2d b+d
[Hint : = =
4 4 2
Hence line joining A & C intersect line joining B & C ]
Q.46519/complex If z3 − i z2 − 2 i z − 2 = 0 then z can be equal to :

(A) 1 − i (D*) − 1 − i
page 12
(B*) i (C*) 1 + i
[Hint : (z − i) (z2 − 2 i) = 0 ⇒ z = i or z2 = 2 i = 2 ei π/2 ⇒ z = 1 + i or − 1 − i ]

Q.47509/vec If a & b are two non collinear unit vectors & a , b , x a − y b form a triangle, then :
 ∧ 
 a b
(A*) x = − 1 ; y = 1 &  a + b  = 2 cos  
 2 
 
 ∧   ∧
( )

(B*) x = − 1 ; y = 1 & cos  a b +  a + b  cos a , − a + b  = − 1
  
 ∧   ∧ 
 a b  a b
(C)  a + b  = − 2 cot   cos   & x = −1 , y = 1 (D) none
 2   2 
   
[Hint : a , b & x a − y b form a triangle hence , a + b + x a − y b = 0

⇒ (x + 1) a + (1 − y) b = 0 Since a & b are collinear ⇒ x = − 1 & y = 1
 ∧ 
2 θ  a b
Also a + b = 2 + 2 a . b = 2 (1 + cos θ). a + b = 2 cos = 2 cos   ⇒ A
2  2 
 
â.(â + b̂) 1 + cos θ

Also cos φ = − =− (where φ is the angle between − a & a + b )
â + b̂ a + b
∴ a + b cos φ = − (1 + cos θ) ⇒ a + b cos φ + cos θ = − 1 ]

(
Q.48510/vec The lines with vector equations are ; r1 = − 3 i + 6 j + λ − 4 i + 3 j + 2 k and
~
)

( ~
)
r2 = − 2 i + 7 j + µ − 4 i + j + k are such that :
(A) they are coplanar (B*) they do not intersect
(C*) they are skew (D*) the angle between them is tan−1 (3/7)
Q.49523/complex Given a, b, x, y ∈ R then which of the following statement(s) hold good?
(A*) (a + ib) (x + iy)–1 = a – ib ⇒ x2 + y2 = 1
(B*) (1–ix) (1 + ix)–1 = a – ib ⇒ a2 + b2 = 1
(C*) (a + ib) (a – ib)–1 = x – iy ⇒ |x + iy| = 1
(D*) (y – ix) (a + ib)–1 = y + ix ⇒ |a – ib| = 1
[Hint : Modulus of a complex number, which is the ratio of two conjugates is unity.
a + ib a + ib
e.g. in A, = x + iy ⇒ = |x + iy| ⇒ x2 + y2 = 1 ]
a − ib a − ib
Q.50514/vec The acute angle that the vector 2 i − 2 j + k makes with the plane contained by the two vectors
2 i + 3 j − k and i − j + 2 k is given by :
 1   1 
( 2) ( 2)
page 13
(A) cos–1   (B*) sin–1   (C) tan–1 (D*) cot–1
 3  3
[Hint :

( ) ( ) (
n1 = a × b = 2 i + 3 j − k × i − j + 2 k = 5 i − j + k )
i − j + k
2 i − 2 j + k
n1 = v = 2 i − 2 j + k ⇒ v =
3 3
π  1
cos  − θ = sin θ = v . n = ]
2  3
Q.51518/vec The volume of a right triangular prism ABCA1B1C1 is equal to 3. If the position vectors of the
vertices of the base ABC are A(1, 0, 1) ; B(2,0, 0) and C(0, 1, 0) the position vectors of the vertex A1
can be:
(A*) (2, 2, 2) (B) (0, 2, 0) (C) (0, − 2, 2) (D*) (0, − 2, 0)
[Hint : knowing the volume of the prism we find its altitude H = (A A1) = 6 and designating the vertex
A1 (x1, y1, z1) relate the co-ordinates of the vector
→
AA1 = (x − 1, y, z − 1) and its length. We get the other equation from the contition
→ →
AA1 perpendicular to AC ] OR
→ →
AB × AC
compute ± = n
→ →
AB × AC
∴ 6 n = A A1 = ± i + 2 j + k( )
= (x1 − 1) i + (y1 − 1) j + (z1 − 1) k
Compare to get at the possible coordinates of A ]
 π
Q.52528/complex If xr = CiS   for 1 ≤ r ≤ n r, n ∈ N then :
2r 
 n   n 
(A*) Limit
n→∞ Re  ∏ x r  = − 1 (B) Limit
n→∞ Re  ∏ x r  = 0
r =1  r=1 
 n   n 
(C) Limit
n→∞ Im  ∏ x r  = 1 (D*) Limit
n→∞ Im  ∏ x r  = 0
r =1  r=1 

( )
Q.53524/vec If a line has a vector equation , r = 2 i + 6 j + λ i − 3 j then which of the following statements
holds good ?
(A) the line is parallel to 2 i + 6 j (B*) the line passes through the point 3 i + 3 j
(C*) the line passes through the point i + 9 j (D*) the line is parallel to xy plane
[Hint : Line is parallel to i − 3 j ⇒ D

Also put r1 = 3 i + 3 j for which λ = 1 and

r1 = i + 9 j for which λ = − 1 ⇒ B&C]
page 14

Q.54525/vec If a , b , c are non-zero, non-collinear vectors such that a vector

(
∧
( )) ∧
( (

p = a b cos 2 π − a b c and a vector q = a c cos π − a c b then p + q is ))

(A) parallel to a (B*) perpendicular to a

(C*) coplanar with b & c (D) coplanar with a and c

[Sol. p = a b cos (2π − θ) c where θ is the angle between a and b and

q = a c cos(π − φ) b where φ is the angle between a and c

now p + q = (a b cos θ) c − a c cos φ b = (a . b) c − (a . c) b = a × (c × b) ⇒ B and C ]
1
Q.55539/complex The greatest value of the modulus of of the complex number ' z ' satisfying the equality z + =1
z
is
−1 + 5 3+ 5 3− 5 5 +1
(A) (B*) (C) (D*)
2 2 2 2
SUBJECTIVE:
1 3
Q.190/5 Let a = 3 î − ˆj and b = î + ĵ and x = a + (q 2 − 3)b , y = −p a + qb . If x ⊥ y , then express p
2 2
as a function of q, say p = f (q), (p ≠ 0 & q ≠ 0) and find the intervals of monotonicity of f (q).
[Sol.

x= ( ) 1
3 î − ˆj + (q 2 − 3) î +
3 ˆ  
j  =  3 +
q 2 − 3  
2    î − 1 −
2
3 2 
(q − 3) ˆj
2 2   

( 1
)
y = −p 3 î − ˆj + q î +
3 ˆ
j
2 
2

x · y = 0 gives
q (q 3 − 3)
p= Ans.
4
dp 1
= [3q2 – 3] > 0
dq 4
2
q –1>0
q > 1 or q < – 1
and decreasing in q ∈ (–1, 1), q ≠ 0 Ans. ]
ln x ex −1 xx − x
Q.225/3 Using only the limit theorems Lim = 1 and Lim Lim
= 1. Evaluate x →1 .
x →1 x − 1 x →0 x ln x − x + 1
[Ans. – 2]
page 15
xx − x
[Sol. Lim
x →1 ln x − x + 1
x ln x − ln x
e x ln x − e ln x ln x [e − 1] x ln x − ln x
l = Lim Lim
= x →1 e · ·
x →1 ln x − x + 1 (x ln x − ln x ) ln x − x + 1
ln x ( x − 1)( x − 1) ( x − 1) 2
= (1) (1) · Lim Lim
= (1) (1) (1) · x →1
x →1 ( x − 1)(ln x − x + 1) ln x − x + 1
put x = 1 + h, as x → 1, h → 0
h2
= Lim
h →0 ln (1 + h ) − h
put ln (1 + h) = y ⇒ 1 + h = ey
2
(e y − 1) 2  ey −1  y2 y2
= Lim = Lim   · Lim = – (1) Lim
y →0  y  y→0 y − e y − 1
y→0 y − (e y − 1)  y →0 y − e + 1
y

ey − y −1 1
l = – 2 and Lim 2
= Ans. ]
y →0 y 2

Q.392/5 The three vectors a = 4 i − 2 j + k ; b = 2 i − j − k and c = 2 i + k are all drawn from the point with
p.v. î−ˆj . Find the equation of the plane containing their end point in scalar dot product form.
( )
[ Ans. 2 i + 2 j − k . r = 3 ]
Q.4222/3
−
z
2
π
(cos2 n −1 x − cos2 n +1 x) dx where n ∈ N
2
π
[Sol. I= 2 z
2
0
(cos x) 2 n−1 (1 − cos2 x) dx as f is even
π
LM OP
z
2 n +1 1
z
2 n−1 1 2 n−1
2 2.2 4
sin x dx = 2 t 2 . dt when cosx = t = 2 n + 1 t
2 =
MN PQ
= 2 (cos x) 2 . 2n + 1 ]
0 0 0

Q.597/5 Let points P, Q & R have position vectors, r1 = 3i − 2j − k; r2 = i + 3j + 4k & r3 = 2i+j−2k
respectively, relative to an origin O. Find the distance of P from the plane OQR.
page 16
[Ans : 3 units]
î ĵ k̂
[Sol. n = r2 × r3 = 1 3 4
2 1 −2
î (−6 − 4) − ˆj (−2 − 8) + k̂ (1 − 6)
= − 10 î + 10 ˆj − 5 k̂
2 î − 2 ĵ + k̂
n̂ =
3
(3 î − 2 ˆj + k̂ )· (2 î − 2 ˆj + k̂ ) 6 + 4 −1
∴ d = Pr ojection of OP on n = = = 3 units]
3 3
3
Q.6228/3 Evaluate: ∫ ( x − 1)( x − 2)( x − 3) dx [Ans. 1/2]
1
3
[Sol. I= ∫ ( x − 1)(3 − x )( x − 2) dx
1
let x = cos2θ + 3 sin2θ
dx = 2 sin 2θ dθ
x – 1 = 2 sin2θ ; 3 – x = 2 cos2θ and x – 2 = cos2θ + 3 sin2θ – 2 = 2 sin2θ – 1 = – cos 2θ
π2 π2
∫ 2 sin θ · 2 cos 2 θ · cos 2θ 2 sin 2θ dθ = ∫ 4 sin θ · cos 2 θ · 2 sin 2θ cos 2θ dθ

2
I=
0 0
π2
∫ 2 sin 2θ cos 2θ dθ
3
=
0
put 2θ = t
π π2
dt
I = ∫ 2/ sin t cos t = 2 ∫ (sin 3 t · cos t ) dt
3
0
2/ 0
put sin t = y
1
1 y4 1
I = 2 ∫ y dy = 2 · 4
3
= Ans. ]
0 0 2

Q.798/5 Given that vectors A , B , C form a triangle such that A = B + C , find a,b,c,d such that the area of the

triangle is 5 6 where A = ai + bj + ck; B = di + 3j + 4k & C =3i + j − 2k.
page 17
[Ans: (−8, 4, 2, −11) or (8, 4, 2, 5)] [ REE ’90, 6 ]

[Sol. A = B + C
ai + bj + ck = (d + 3) i + (3 + 1) j + ( 4 − 2) k
= (d + 3) i + 4 j + 2k
Hence d + 3 = a; b = 4 and c = 2

again | B x C| = 5 6

| B| 2 | C| 2 – (B ⋅ C) 2 = 150
(25 + d2)14 – (3d + 3 – 8)2 = 150
14(25 + d2) – (3d – 5)2 = 150 now proceed to get two values of d ]
k +1
n −1 π
n
 k  k + 1 
Q.8246/3 Lim n ∑ ∫k  x −  − x  dx [Ans. ]
n →∞
k =0  n  n  8
n
β
k k +1
[Sol. Let ∫ ( x − α)(β − x ) dx where α =
n
; β=
n
α
x = α cos2α + β sin2θ
dx = (β – α)2 sin θ cos θ
x – α = (β – α)sin2θ
π2 π2
(β − α) 2
∫ (sin θ cos θ) dθ = ∫ sin 2θ dθ
2 2 2
I = 2(β – α)2
0
2 0
put 2θ = t
π π2
(β − α) 2 (β − α) 2
∫ · 2 · ∫ sin 2 t dt
2
I = sin t dt =
4 0
4 0
(β − α) 2 π π 1
π = (β − α) = · 2 which is independent of k.
2
=
8 8 8 n
n −1
π 1 1 π n −1 π π
∴ l = Lim n · ∑ · 2 = Lim ∑ (1) = Lim ·n = Ans. ]
n →∞ 8 n n →∞ n 8 n →∞ 8n 8
k =0 k =0
Q.9114/5 Find the distance of the point P(i + j + k) from the plane L which passes through the three points
A(2i + j + k), B(i + 2j + k), C(i + j + 2k) . Also find the pv of the foot of the perpendicular from P on the
plane L .
page 18
1 4 4 4
[ Ans : , , ,  ]
3 3 3 3

[Sol. a = 0î − ˆj + k̂

b = î − ˆj + 0k̂
î ˆj k̂

a × b = 0 −1 1
1 −1 0
= î (1) − ˆj(−1) + k̂ (1)

a × b = î + ˆj + k̂ = n (say)
→
BP = 0î − ĵ + 0k̂ = c

→ c.n −1 1
PN = Projection of c on n = = =
n 1+1+1 3

Now equation of a line through P and | | n is r = î + ˆj + k̂ + λ (î + ˆj + k̂ ) = 1 + λ [ î + ˆj + k̂ ]
Let the position vector of N = (1+λ), (1+λ) , (1+λ)
→
AN = (λ − 1) î + λĵ + λk̂
→

Now a , b and AN must be copalnar
0 −1 1
1 −1 0
= 0
λ −1 λ λ
1[λ] + 1[λ + λ – 1] = 0
3l = 1 ⇒ λ = 1/3
4 4 4
∴ Position vector of N  , ,  ]
3 3 3
sin 4 x + cos 4 x  π sin 4 x + cos 4 x

Q.10 Evaluate: (a) ∫ sin 3 x cos x
dx , x ∈  0,  ;
 2
(b) ∫ sin x cos3 x
dx
sin 4 x + cos 4 x  π
[Sol.(a)I = ∫ dx , x ∈  0,  [
sin 3 x cos x  4
cos 2 x 1 + tan 4 x cos x 1 + tan 4 x 1 + cot 4 x

=∫ sin 3 x cos x dx = ∫ sin 3 x
dx = ∫ 2
cot x
· cot x · cos ec 2 x dx
put cot2x = t ⇒ 2 cot x · cosec2x dx = – dt
page 19
1 1+ t2
I=– ∫ dt
2 t
put 1 + t2 = y2 ⇒ t dt = y dy
1 dy 
1 y· y 1 y2 −1 + 1  ∫ dy + ∫  = C – y – 1 ln y − 1
I=– ∫
2 t 2
dy = –
2 ∫ y −1
2
dy = – 
2 y − 1 
2
2 4 y +1
1+ t2 1 t 2 +1 −1
=C– − ln where t = cot2x Ans(a).
2 4 t2 +1 +1
sin 4 x + cos 4 x sin 2 x 1 + cot 4 x 1 + tan 4 x

(b) I= ∫ sin x cos 3 x
dx = ∫ sin x cos3 x dx = ∫ 2
tan x
· tan x · sec 2 x dx
put tan2x = t
1 1+ t2 1+ t2 1 t 2 +1 −1
= ∫ dt ⇒ + ln + C, where t = tan2x Ans(b). ]
2 t 2 4 t +1 +1
2

Q.11115/5 Find the equation of the straight line which passes through the point with position vector a , meets the

line r = b + tc and is parallel to the plane r . n = 1 .

[Sol. Suppose the required line intersects the given line at P with p.v.( b + t c ). As the line l is | | to the
→
plane r . n = 1 . Hence AP .n = 0

[(b − a ) + t c]· n ⇒ t = − b) . n

= 0 ( a
c.n
Hence equation of the line is

r = a + λ (b − a + tc)

 (a − b ) . n 
r = a + λ b − a + c 
 c .n 

 (a − b ) . n 
r = a + λ  (a − b) − c  Ans ]
 c .n 
dx 1 2 + sin x + cos x
Q.12 Integrate: ∫ cos3 x − sin 3 x . [Ans. 2 [tan–1(sin x + cos x) +
2 2
ln
2 − sin x − cos x
+ C]
dx (cos x − sin x )dx
dx
∫ 2∫
[Sol. I= ∫ cos3 x − sin 3 x (cos x − sin x )(1 + sin x cos x )
= =
(cos x − sin x ) 2 (2 + sin 2 x )
(cos x − sin x )dx

= 2∫
(1 − sin 2 x )(2 + sin 2 x )
(cos x − sin x )dx
∫ (2 − (sin x + cos x ) 2 )(1 + (sin x + cos x) 2 )
page 20
I=
put sin x + cos x = t ⇒ (cos x – sin x) dx = dt

dt (2 − t 2 ) + (1 + t 2 ) dt dt
hence I = ∫ ∫ (2 − t 2 )(1 + t 2 ) dt = ∫ 1 + t 2 + ∫ 2 − t 2
=
(2 − t )(1 + t 2 )
2
1 2+t
= tan–1(t) + ln +C
2 2 2 −t
1 2 + sin x + cos x
= 2 [tan–1(sin x + cos x) + ln + C Ans. ]
2 2 2 − sin x − cos x
Q.13147/5 Find the equation of the line passing through the point (1, 4, 3) which is perpendicular to both of the
lines
x −1 y+3 z−2 x+2 y−4 z +1
= = and = =
2 1 4 3 2 −2
Also find all points on this line the square of whose distance from (1, 4, 3) is 357.
x −1 y − 4 z − 3
[Ans. = = , ; (–9, 20, 4) ; (11, –12, 2) ]
− 10 16 1
[Sol. Equation of the line passing through (1, 4, 3)
x −1 y − 4 z − 3
= = ....(1)
a b c
x −1 y + 3 z − 2 x + 2 y − 4 z +1
since (1) is perpendicular to = = and = =
2 1 4 3 2 −2
hence 2a + b + 4c = 0
and 3a + 2b – 2c = 0
a b c a b c
∴ = = ⇒ = =
− 2 − 8 12 + 4 4 − 3 − 10 16 1
x −1 y − 4 z − 3
hence the equation of the lines is = = ....(2) Ans.
− 10 16 1
now any point P on (2) can be taken as
1 – 10λ ; 16λ + 4 ; λ + 3
distance of P from Q (1, 4, 3)
(10λ)2 + (16λ)2 + λ2 = 357
(100 + 256 + 1)λ2 = 357
λ = 1 or – 1 Hence Q is (–9, 20, 4) or (11, – 12, 2) Ans.]
2 n 2 + n −1
 n 2 + n −1 
Q.14 Lim   [Ans. e–1]
n →∞  n 
 
page 21
n 2 + n −1  n 2 + n − (1 + n ) 
Lim 2 n 2 + n −1( − 1)
[Sol. L = e n →∞ n
= el,  
where l = Lim  2 n + n + 1
2 
n →∞   n 
 
 1 1
n 2 1 + + 
 n n
= Lim · Lim  n 2 + n − (n + 1) 
n →∞ n n →∞  
 (n 2 + n ) − (n + 1) 2 
 (rationalisation) = 2 · Lim n + n − n − 2n − 1
2 2
= 2 · Lim 
n →∞   n →∞
n2 + n + n +1
 n + n + (n + 1) 
2
 1
− n 1 + 
− (n + 1)  n 1
= 2 · Lim = 2 · Lim = – 2  = – 1
n →∞   1 1  n →∞  1 1 2
n  1 +  + 1 +  n 1 +  + 1 + 
  n  n   n  n
∴ L = e–1 ans. ]
Q.15151/5 If z-axis be vertical, find the equation of the line of greatest slope through the point (2, –1, 0) on the
plane 2x + 3y – 4z = 1.
[Sol. Equation of the line of greatest slope
x − 2 y +1 z
= =
a b c
where 2a + 3b – 4c = 0 ....(1)
now equation of the horizontal plane is z = 0
i.e. 0· x+0· y+1· z=0
now a vector along the line of intersection of given plane and horizontal plane is
î ĵ k̂

v= 0 0 1 =–(
2 3 −4 3î − 2ˆj ) = 3î + 2ˆj + 0k̂

since the line of greatest slope is also perpendicular to the vector v hence
– 3a + 2b + 0 · c = 0 ....(2)
from (1) and (2)
2a + 3b – 4c = 0
– 3a + 2b + 0 · c = 0
a b c a b c
= = ⇒ = =
0 + 8 12 4 + 9 8 12 13
x − 2 y +1 z
∴ equation of the line of greatest slope = = = ]
8 12 13
π2 π2
cos x sin x
Q.16 Let I = ∫ a cos x + b sin x
dx and J = ∫ a cos x + b sin x
dx , where a > 0 and b > 0.
0 0
Compute the values of I and J.
π
[Sol. aI + bJ = ....(1)
2
page 22
π2
b cos x − a sin x
and bI – aJ = ∫ a cos x + b sin x
dx
0
b
bI – aJ = ln [a cos x + b sin x ] 0
π2
∴ ⇒ bI – aJ = ln   .....(2)
a
from (1) and (2)
aπ
a2I + abJ =
2
b I – abJ = b ln (b a )
2
————————
1  aπ  b 
I=  + b ln    Ans.
2 
a +b  2
2
 a 
bπ
again abI + b2I =
2
and abI – a2J = a ln (b a )
subtract —————————
1  bπ  b 
J= 
2 
− a ln    Ans.
a +b  22
 a 
Alternatively: convert a cos x + b sin x into a single cosine say cos(x + f) and put x – f = t ]

Vector &amp; 3d Complex &amp; Misc Class 12 Solution

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Vector &amp; 3d Complex &amp; Misc Class 12 Solution

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Wishing You & Your Family A Very

Select the correct alternative : (Only one is correct)

Q.36/vec Indicate the correct order sequence in respect of the following :

(A*) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 0

(A*) 2 +1 (B) 3 +1 (C) 2 2 − 1 (D) none

(α2 + pα + r) + i(qα + s) = 0 + 0 i ⇒ qα + s = 0 ..........(1) and

Q.1727/vec The distance of the point (3, 4, 5) from x-axis is

Q.2016/complex The sum i + 2i2 + 3i3 + ........ + 2002i2002, where i = − 1 is equal to

iS = i2 + 2i3 + .........+ 2001i2002 + 2002i2003

− 1 + 2003i (−1 + 2003i)(1 + i ) − 2004 + 2002i

cos α 1 1 cos α − 1 1 − cos β 0

Equation of line BC: î + 2ˆj − 4k̂ + λ ( 2i − 3 j + 2k )

Q.3372/complex The complex number, z = 5 + i has an argument which is nearly equal to :

(A*) 98 (B) – 49 (C) – 98 (D) 49

Q.46519/complex If z3 − i z2 − 2 i z − 2 = 0 then z can be equal to :

[Hint : a , b & x a − y b form a triangle hence , a + b + x a − y b = 0

â.(â + b̂) 1 + cos θ

∴ a + b cos φ = − (1 + cos θ) ⇒ a + b cos φ + cos θ = − 1 ]

∫ 2 sin θ · 2 cos 2 θ · cos 2θ 2 sin 2θ dθ = ∫ 4 sin θ · cos 2 θ · 2 sin 2θ cos 2θ dθ

= î (1) − ˆj(−1) + k̂ (1)

sin 4 x + cos 4 x  π sin 4 x + cos 4 x

cos 2 x 1 + tan 4 x cos x 1 + tan 4 x 1 + cot 4 x

put cot2x = t ⇒ 2 cot x · cosec2x dx = – dt

sin 4 x + cos 4 x sin 2 x 1 + cot 4 x 1 + tan 4 x

(cos x − sin x )dx

put sin x + cos x = t ⇒ (cos x – sin x) dx = dt

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Vector & 3d Complex & Misc Class 12 Solution

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