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³¨°j¶¼½·´¾t¶q°¿º¶K³¨°jµj¶qÀŠ¶q°jµj¶q°¿º¶q²Iµj¶ ¼½¾t¯±²:¶q°jÃq¯±°¿º·¼½·:¹±¶Gº¯±·´¶q²
¶ V ºŒ¼½³¨²:ÄOÅj¶ {V , V , V , V } Æ ¯±·´¾w¼½¾ÇÅj¾w¼(Ȭ¼½R²´¶ÉÁµj¶ R ÁËÊ ²´Ã¼ » ¯±°¬¼½°jµj¯t¼(¾w¼cº·´V³¨Ì
(−3, 3, 2, −1) »
1 2
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3

ÃqÅ<͐¼½² » ³¨°jά¼½²²Ï½¯+¯±²¹±¶Gº¯±·´¶q² V ¶ V Ð
4 1 2 3 4
1 2
4

A=

−1 1 0 −3

,
±
¯ o
È 
º q
¶ t
¾ ±
¯ ² R=

1 −1 0 3

−3 3 2 −1 0 0 1 4
²´¶q¼½Ô±¾tÅj³¨¯±·²Åj³¨¾w°j²´¼~¶q·´¾w³¨· ¼c» º³¨°j·´³¨Î¬Ì ¼½²ÄOÅj¶²ºÏ½·´¯+³«¼½¹±°j¶GÔ±ºÅ ¯±·´¼½¶q·²K²´µ¬Åj¼+ÀŠ¶qȬ·´¼½³¨¯±²´¶· ÃÃq¼½¯±°j¾ ѱ°j¯±³¨²Ã¼+¶ °¬¶q¼+¾t¾w¶q°¿¼cºº¯±·´² ³¨Ì µ¬R¼µj¼c³«º¼½ÒÉÔ±Ãq¯±¯±°¬°a¼ Ó
µj³ Æ ¶q·´¶q°¿º¶q²tµj¶}Ìq¶q·´¯ Ál4Õ ×¶q²‡4º¶~ü½²´¯h¼½»Ãq·´¶q²´Ãq¶q°¿ºŒ¼½°jµj¯f¼½² » ³¨°jά¼½» ² V = [ 0 1 0 0 ] ¶ »
V4 = [ 0 0 0 1 ]
¶q¾ÖÀŠ¯±²´³¨×qØa¶q²I¼½µj¶qÄOŬ¼½µ¬¼½²¯±Èoº¶q¾t¯±²¼+¾w¼cº·´³¨Ì 3

 
1 −1 0 3
 0 1 0 0 
R̄ = 
 0

0 1 4 
0 0 0 1
 ¼½¾t¯±²:¹±¶q·´³Ú٬ü½·ÄOÅj¶ V Ð V Ð V ¶ V ²Ï½¯tÛ Á ܌Á 1 2 3 4

x1 V1 + x2 V2 + x3 V3 + x4 V4 = 0̄
ÒɶqÄOÅj³Ú¹½¼ » ¶q°¿º¶ ¼½¯+²´³¨²‡º¶q¾w¼ » ¨³ °j¶¼½·
CX = 0̄,
¶q¾ÖÄOÅj¶ C = [ V 1 V2 V3 V4 ] Á
Ý
Þ ¼½²wÃq¯±¾t¯ det(R̄) 6= 0 Ð ¶q°¿ºŒÏ½¯ det(C) 6= 0 Ð ÀŠ¯±³¨² R̄ ÀŠ¯aµj¶²´¶q·w¯±Èoº³¨µ¬¼@µj¶ C
¼½À ³¨Ã¼½°jµj¯cÓß²´¶(¯±ÀŠ¶q·¼½×qØa¶q²¶ ¶q¾t¶q°¿ºŒ¼½·´¶q² ۞¯±Ô±¯ Ò+Û ­‰¯±¾t¯1¼µj³àÓ
¾t¶q» °j²Ï½¯tµj¯ R Òɳ¨Ô±Å¬¼ » ¼ 4» Ð ¶q°¿ºŒÏ½¯ {VÁ , V , V {V, V ,}VÒÉ, ÅjV¾w,¼(V Ȭ}¼½²´¶ µjÁ ¶ ܌Á R Á
t

1 2 3 4
4 4

á ¢Š¡Sâã±äj¢eå2¢h›CœžOæcç¿èSç¿é£¢h¤¦¥¨§¦¥¨êìë´çaí
1 2 3 4

îK¼½µj¯±² ¶ ¶q°jÃq¯±°¿º·´¶t¹±¶Gº¯±·´¶q² V ¶ V ÄOÅj¶


Ãq¯±¾tÀ » ¶GºV¶Í´=Åj°¿º(−3,
1
¯tÃq¯±5,¾ 2,V 1)¶ V VÅj¾w=¼)(1,Ȭ¼½²´−2,
2
¶Éµj¯ −1,R 2)Á 4
3 4

Ê ²´Ã¼ » ¯±°¬¼½°jµj¯w¼)¾w¼cº·´³¨ÌKÃqÅ<͐¼½² » ³¨°jά¼½²:²Ï½¯ V ¶ V Ð


1 2

1 2
 
−3 5 2 1
A= ,
1 −2 −1 2
¯±Èoº¶q¾t¯±²  
1 0 1 −12
R=
ï Ãq·´¶q²´Ãq¶q°¿ºŒ¼½°jµj¯}¼½² » ¨³ °jά¼½² V3 = [ 0 0 1 0 ]
0 1 1 −7
¶ V4 = [ 0 0 0 1 ] ð
 
1 0 1 −12
 0 1 1 −7 
R̄ =  0 0

1 0 
0 0 0 1
 ¼½¾t¯±²:¹±¶q·´³Ú٬ü½·ÄOÅj¶ V1 , V2 , V3
¶ V ²Ï½¯tÛ Á ܌Á
4

x1 V1 + x2 V2 + x3 V3 + x4 V4 = 0̄
tÒ ¶qÄOÅj³Ú¹½¼ » ¶q°¿º¶t¼½¯~²´³¨²‡º¶q¾w¼ CX = 0̄ Ð ¶q¾ñÄOÅj¶ C = [ V V V V ] Á Þ¼½² Ãq¯±¾t¯
¶q°¿ºŒÏ½¯ det(C) 6= 0 Ð ÀŠ¯±³¨² R̄ ÀŠ¯aµj¶}²´¶q·)¯±Èoº³¨µ¬¼µj¶ C ¼½À » ³¨Ã¼½°jµj¯cÓß²´¶1 2 3 4

¯±ÀŠ¶q·¼½×qØa¶q²¶ » ¶q¾t¶q°¿ºŒ¼½·´¶q² Á ۞¯±Ô±¯ {V , V , V , V } Ò)Û Á ܌Á ­‰¯±¾t¯}¼µj³¨¾t¶q°j²Ï½¯µj¯ R


det(R̄) 6= 0 t

Òɳ¨Ô±Å¬¼ » ¼ 4 Ð ¶q°¿ºŒÏ½¯ V , V , V , V Æ ¯±·´¾w¼½¾òÅj¾w¼(Ȭ¼½²´¶ µj¶ R Á


1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
4
4

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