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S PARSAMEN AND
U MWELTFREUNDLICHEN
e NERGIEVERBRAUCH EV
Gas Installation:
Tips for practice
processing
Gerhard Gunne man, Dortmund Fritz
Gunther, Hausham Georg Maatsch,
Munich Kai-Uwe Schuhmann, Bonn
Dieter Vass Wolf, Bonn Reiner Zieprig,
Berlin
editorial staff
gti.publik, Essen-Kettwig
graphic
Kristina Weddeling, eating
distribution
Efficient use of natural gas Verlag
Postfach 30 37 27, 10726 Berlin
As of January 2010
page
introduction 8th
2 gases 13
B gas installation 16
1 Framework, definitions 16
1.1 General 16
1.2 terms 16
2 line system 17
2.3.3 Connections 38
with operating pressure up to 1 bar
4 Boiler installation 50
4.1 terms 50
4.2.1 CE marking 75
e Index 117
8th
introduction
density ( ρ)
Ratio of the mass (the volume in kg / m 3).
For the sake of comparison, the density is typically refers to
the standard state.
ρ = m (kg)
V (m 3)
STP
State of the gas at standard conditions: standard
temperature T n = 273,15 K (0 ° C) standard pressure
ρ n = 1013.25 mbar (1013.25 hPa)
d = ρ ρ L, n
G, n
Calorific value (H S, n) 1
operating condition
Wobbe index
Characteristic value for the interchangeability of gases. It
represents the relationship between calorific value or calorific
value and the density ratio of the gases. One differentiates the
upper (W S, n) and lower Wobbe index (W In):
H S, n H In
W S, n = W I, n =
√d √d
The result in each case in kWh / m 3 shown.
Gases with the same Wobbe index result in the same heat load of
the burner under the same state variables within a gas family, and
with the same nozzles.
Abbreviations [ kWh / m 3 or MJ / m 3]
condensing HS HO
calorific value HI Hu
Ignition
Combustible gases have different ignition temperatures (Figure
1).
Temperature in ° C
560560605640
470
365
305
220220
s
ga
e
l
ne
se
al
s
e
tro
tan
len
ga
tur
pa
ide
die
bu
ge
pe
ety
pro
na
ox
city
dro
ac
on
nm
hy
rbo
Ca
gaseous liquid
explosion limits
Combustion gases ignite only when they are mixed in a certain
ratio with air or oxygen. Does such. For example, a natural
gas-air mixture less than 4% methane, it does not ignite; it is
"lean" to. A mixture containing more than 17% methane content
can no longer be ignited, either, because it is "rich" to (Figure
2).
Ignition energy
[mJ]
0.28
Explosions area
2 gases
1. Gas family
The first family of gases comprises hydrogen-rich gases. They are in
town gases 1) and remote gases divided.
Unit: in kWh / m 3
2. gas family
The second gas family includes methane-rich gases such as natural
gas, synthetic natural gas and exchange of gases. You are in the
groups L (low) and H (high) divided (see section 2.2).
Unit: in kWh / m 3
3. gas family
The third gas family includes liquefied a DIN 51,622th For
them, the TRF (Technical rules for LPG) apply.
2H 2E
16 G21 G21 H
16.1 16.1
15.7
15 G20 G20
15.0
14.9 14.9
14
13.4 2L 2LL L
G23
1013.25 mbar) 17
13 G26 G26
13.1 13.1 13.0
G25 G25
12.0 12.0 12.4
12 G231 12.2 12.2
G27
11.5
11
10.0 10.0
10 G271
WS (kWh / m3) (0 ° C
Figure 3: limits of gas quality, the gas group of the second gas
family
15
I 2ELL G 20, G 25 20
Where:
• the indices at III-III: 1/2/3. Gas family (s. Section 2.1 "gas
families"). (The letters a, b, d are different town gas qualities.)
1 General terms
1.1 General
1.2 terms
gas installation
Gas installations consist of line systems, gas appliances and
systems for combustion air supply and exhaust systems.
Starting (HAE) behind the main shut-off and extend to the
removal of the exhaust gases into the atmosphere.
17
2 line system
branch line
Line section leading from the consumption line for device
connection fitting. It is only for powering a gas appliance.
outside line
Pipe downstream of the HAE, which is installed outside
buildings, either in the open (free laid outside line), or in the
ground (underground outer pipe). They are also referred to as a
court or land lines.
Single supply
Line part of HAE to device connection fitting for connecting
only one gas appliance.
3
4 4
T T
3
45 45
T T
5 5
2 6
Figure 4: Example A
3
4 4 4
T T T
5 5 5
3
4 4 4
2 T T T
5 5 5
Figure 5: Example B
5 T
5 44
3 5
3 4
4
T
1
5
Figure 6: Example C
19
line system
1 Service line (HAL, DVGW worksheet G 459-1)
2 Distribution line (optionally riser)
3 Consumption line (optionally riser)
4 branch line
5 Device connection cable
(Optionally Safety gas hose line
6 buried outside line
components
insulating
inside line
In the building gas line moved behind the HAE. It may consist of
single feed line, distribution line, riser, consumption management,
branch management and device connecting cables (Figures 4, 5
and 6).
insulating
A component for interrupting the electrical conductivity of
a longitudinal pipe.
line system
Collective term for the gas-phase lines and the interior gas
pipes.
riser
Lead part of lead projectile perpendicular to floor.
consumption line
Line section starting from the branch distribution line or from
HAE up to the branch lines.
distribution line
Line part to several gas meters.
21
Gas pipes must not be frost-free. You do not need insulation and are
merely to protect against corrosion.
min. 60 cm
line
as
ng
utio
Ca
about 20 cm
10 11
12
13
4
9
8
7
2 3 5
6
1
1 supply line
2 Excess flow valve outside the building
the responsibility of the network operator
3 Service line
4 optionally external shut-off device (AE)
5 House lead-pipe combination as a capsule
Fixed point in the masonry or Hauseinführungskom- bination of
steel casing pipe and pull-out
6 eventually pull out protection
7 Main shut (HAE),
possibly with integrated insulating
8th Detachable connection
9 Gas flow switch (GS)
10 Zählerabsperreinrichtung
11 House Pressure Regulator
12 Double connector for gas pressure regulators and gas meters
13 Diaphragm gas meters
➜
Pipes with operating pressures> 100 mbar may not
be laid under plaster.
- 15 1.25
15 18 1.50
20 22 2.00
25 28 2.25
32 35 2.75
40 42 3.00
50 54 3.50
- 64 4.00
65 76.1 4.25
80 88.9 4.75
Flush type
The cable must be protected by plastic wrap against
corrosion if gypsum-based industrial plasters are used. The
previously common Filzbinden are not suitable.
be great. They must not be placed in stairwells. When not loaded and
vented wells or cavities, the gas pipe is to be laid in a shell. A shaft is
no longer considered cavity when it is filled dimensionally stable and
dense with non-combustible materials.
2) ventilation can be omitted if the line is carried out without compounds (s. "Laying in
the shaft")
26 B gas installation
The TRGI 2008 now allows the laying of plastic pipes inside
buildings up to an operating pressure of 100 mbar. The term
"plastic inner pipe" fall multilayer pipes made of plastic /
aluminum / plastic and pipes of crosslinked polyethylene (PE-X).
These plastic inner cables are available with pipe connectors as
systems (Figure 10). The pipes must be tested in accordance
with the applicable product standards for the use of the "gas"
(marking G100) and certified!
a) exposed on distance,
b) under plaster without a cavity or
) To be laid in ducts or channels, c.
16 1.00
20 1.25
25 1.50
32 1.75
40 2.00
50 2.00
63 2.00
Flush type
The line is with suitable protection against material harmful
influences such. to protect as aggressive and
corrosion-causing substances. The information from the
manufacturers must be observed.
Surface Installation
The attachment of the cable must be suitable for static operation
case. Pipe supports made of combustible materials are
permitted.
28 B gas installation
active measures
As an active measure the installation of components that
interrupt the gas supply in case of irregular gas outlet is
considered (Figure 11).
• Excess flow valve (GS) according DVGWPrüfgrundlage VP
305-1 (s. Table 3)
• Gas pressure regulators with integrated GS according to
DIN 33822
Figure 11: excess flow valve (Mertik Maxitrol GmbH & Co. KG)
30 B gas installation
Table 3: excess flow valve according to DVGW test specification VP 305-1. Note:
GS M type can be used only for metal pipes
Gas flow switch (GS) outside main shut Gas flow switch (GS)
the building in the building
according to VP (HAE) after VP 305-1
305-2 in scope
G 459-1
1
Gas Pressure
Regulator (GR) Gas Meter
2
A gas pressure
➜
With plastic inner lines the required for these systems as
security elements GS type K already meet all the
requirements for active measures.
passive measures
In one- and two-family houses is dispensed with an additional
passive fuse sections of pipe. In apartment buildings, the
installation of GS as a rule must be complemented by passive
measures.
Duration
There is no general obligation to retrofit GS (grandfathering). If
there are significant changes to existing gas installations,
however, an adjustment to the state of the art is required. This
also applies to applications for which are to be expected with a
critical user behavior or critical use situations. For retrofits, the
use of passive measures "generally accessible rooms" may
represent the only possible and therefore sufficient measure.
33
➜
The results of the tests must be documented!
scope Pipes without fittings (exception: Pipes with fittings, but care
Max. Operating pressure (MOP) of institutions without gas
the instrument = test pressure) equipment and related control
and Safe
* benchmarks
• Reduced serviceability:
The amount of gas leakage at operating pressure is between
one and less than five liters per hour. These cables are to be
sealed or replaced. The leak must be made within four weeks
as for newly laid pipes.
• No serviceability:
The amount of gas leakage at operating pressure is five or more
liters per hour.
➜
The test results must be documented.
36 B gas installation
2.3.2 lines
Operating pressure> 100 mbar to 1 bar
Combined Belastungsund
leak test
Annotation:
The test pressure is safely let off after the test.
38 B gas installation
From the leak test or the combined load and leak test following
parts can be excluded when tested under operating pressure
with gas detectors according DVGWHinweis G 465-4 or
foam-forming agents in accordance with DIN EN 14291:
The types of tests are the same for any occasion. but requires a
different combination of types of test before admitting gas.
Showing the outline in Table 5 below.
➜
In leaky pipes no gas is to be admitted!
line systems
Examples:
• reinstalling
• greater wiring and enlargement of gas
equipment
• larger pipe laying in the course of
maintenance of gas equipment
No Yes
No Yes
Plants that have not been operated in the longer term (eg. As in
empty apartments or buildings) are considered to be
decommissioned if they were no longer extended period of time
under operating pressure and the gas meter was expanded.
Unused, but operational systems are not considered closed down
(as defined in Section 5.7 1.2 TRGI).
1 Lines intended to
Period were no longer operated.
No Yes
No Yes
1 is at decommissioned lines
the gas supply temporarily.
Yes
No
No Yes
No
No Yes
Pressure measurement
at least operating
pressure on closed
conduit openings 3
Examples:
• Maintenance procedures that can be performed in a very
short time
• Replacement of gaskets, but wherein no line sections to be
dismantled
• Maintenance of the gas installation
engage gas
24 8
22 16
24
8
16
20
24
18
da 15
16
15 D
14
12 15
8th
10
24 16 8th
16
9
D 18 D
78
24
56
15 15
8 12
4 da da
3 10
16 14 12 18 20 25
Rated load Q NB in kW
as pipe diameter
4 Boiler installation
4.1 terms
1 without fan
2 with fan behind the heat exchanger
3 with fan upstream of the burner
type A
Gas appliance without exhaust system The combustion air is
taken from the boiler room (z. B. Gas stove, stool boiler, built-in
oven).
exhaust
combustion air
combustion air
type A 1
Figure 18: room air from hängiges gas appliance without fan (z. B. gas
cooker)
52 B gas installation
type B
Gas appliance with flue gas discharge, the combustion air
takes the installation room (room air
from hängiges gas appliance)
type B 1
exhaust
combustion air
type B 11
Figure 19: room air from hängiges gas appliance with flow assurance without
fan (z. B. Gas instantaneous water heater)
exhaust
combustion air
type B 13
Figure 20: room air from hängiges gas appliance with flow assurance and blower upstream
of the burner (z. B. combi boiler with premixing burner)
53
type B 2
exhaust
Vent 1 x 150 cm 2
or 2 x 75 cm 2
combustion air
type B 22P
Figure 21: room air from hängiges gas appliance without flow fuse
with blower downstream of the heat exchanger; Flue gas discharge
with overpressure without special tightness requirement, so vent
required.
54 B gas installation
exhaust
combustion air
cleaning closure
type B 23
Image 22: Indoor Air from hängiges gas appliance without flow fuse with fan
upstream of the burner (z. B. Gas boiler unit, gas-jet burners), gas discharge
with negative pressure.
Vent 1 x 150 cm 2
or 2 x 75 cm 2
combustion air
exhaust
cleaning
closure
type B 23P
Picture 22b: Indoor Air from hängiges gas appliance without flow fuse with fan
front of the burner; Flue gas discharge with overpressure without special
tightness requirements, so vent required.
55
type B 3
combustion air
exhaust
type B 32
Figure 23: room air from hängiges gas appliance without flow fuse with
blower downstream of the heat exchanger. All under overpressure parts of
the exhaust passage are surrounded by combustion (z. B. Gas-fired
boiler).
combustion air
exhaust
type B 33
Figure 24: room air from hängiges gas appliance without flow fuse with fan
upstream of the burner. All over-pressurized parts of the exhaust path are
surrounded by combustion.
56 B gas installation
type B 4
type B 5
type C
Gas device that draws the combustion air via a
closed system the outdoors
(Room air inde hängiges gas appliance).
type C 1
exhaust
combustion air
type C 11
Figure 25: room air inde hängiges gas appliance without fans; Openings for
combustion air and flue gas discharge in the same pressure range (eg. B.
outer wall space heaters)
57
combustion air
exhaust
type C 12x
Figure 26: room air inde hängiges gas device with blower downstream of the heat
exchanger; horizontal combustion air and removal of exhaust guide through the outer
wall; by combustion exhaust gas exhaustion; Orifices in the same pressure range (eg.
B. outer wall device for heating with a maximum of 11 kW rated power, for hot water
production with a maximum of 28 kW rated power).
combustion air
exhaust
type C 13x
Figure 27: room air inde hängiges gas device with blower in front of the
burner; horizontal combustion air and Abgasabfüh- tion through the outer
wall; Orifices in the same range of pressure; by combustion evacuation.
58 B gas installation
type C 2
Gas unit with combustion air and flue gas discharge for
connection to a common shaft for air and exhaust gas.
type C 3
exhaust
combustion air
0m
0.4
n.
mi
type C 32x
Figure 28: room air inde hängiges gas device with blower downstream of the heat
exchanger; air supply vertical combustion and exhaust-gas discharge through the
roof; Mouths in the same chen pressure range; By combustion exhaust gas path (z.
B. condensing device in the roof installation).
59
exhaust
combustion air
0m
0.4
Thermowell
n.
mi
type C 33x
Figure 29: room air inde hängiges gas device with blower in front of the
burner; vertical combustion air and flue gas exhaustion over the roof;
area and exhaust path by combustion air openings at the same
pressure.
60 B gas installation
type C 4
Gas appliance with combustion air and flue gas discharge for
connection to an air exhaust system.
combustion air
test opening
exhaust
cleaning
closure
Overflow measuring /
type C 42x
Figure 30: room air inde hängiges gas device with blower downstream of the
heat exchanger; Combustion air and flue gas discharge for connection to an air
exhaust system. All under overpressure parts of the exhaust passage are
surrounded by combustion (z. B. wall-mounted combination devices, multiple
allocation is possible).
61
combustion air
exhaust
cleaning
closure
overflow
type C 43x
Figure 31: room air inde hängiges gas device with blower in front of the
burner; Combustion air and flue gas discharge for connection to an air
exhaust system. All over-pressurized parts of the exhaust path are
surrounded by combustion.
62 B gas installation
type C 5
exhaust
structural protection
Measurement /
Vent 1 x 150 cm 2 test opening
or 2 x 75 cm 2
combustion air
type C 52
Figure 32: room air inde hängiges gas device with blower downstream
of the heat exchanger; separate combustion air and flue gas discharge;
Orifices areas in different pressure; Flue gas discharge with
overpressure without special tightness requirements, so vent required.
63
exhaust
structural
protection
Measurement / test
opening
incineration
air
Vent 1 x 150 cm 2
or 2 x 75 cm 2
type C 53
Figure 33: room air inde hängiges gas device with blower in front of the
burner; separate combustion air and flue gas discharge; Orifices in
different printing areas; Removal of exhaust management with pressure
without special tightness requirements, so vent required.
64 B gas installation
type C 6
exhaust
combustion air
exhaust
Combustion air
Ventilation
Figure 34: room air inde hängiges gas device with blower downstream of the heat
exchanger; room air inde hängiges gas appliance with overall blower upstream of the
burner and combustion air and flue gas exhaustion not tested together with the gas
appliance; Construction artzulassung required; either verbrennungsluftum- preflushed
exhaust path as a component or combustion air from the annular gap (z. B.
condensing boiler)
65
type C 7
Gas appliance with vertical combustion air and flue gas discharge:
placement rules.
type C 8th
combustion air
exhaust
Measurement
/ testing
opening
type C 82x
Figure 35: room air inde hängiges gas device with blower downstream of the
type C 9
type C 93x
Figure 36: room air inde hängiges gas device with blower in front of the
burner; Combustion air and flue gas discharge vertically above the roof.
The mouths are located near beieinan- of the same pressure range;
verbrennungsluftumspülter exhaust gas path; Combustion air supply via an
existing shaft as a building component.
67
gas burner
Sets the energy bound in the fuel combustion in order to heat,
by means of heat transfer medium (air or water) is used directly
or indirectly.
Gas Heizherd
Is used for cooking and baking. In addition, he heats the
boiler room by direct heating of the room air.
Gas boilers
Heated circulating heating water and possibly indirectly drinking
water.
Gas heater
Heat source (for. Example, for the heating of large spaces),
which transfers heat primarily by radiation in the infrared range.
In contrast to these so-called light radiators are also radiant -
used as a complete unit from gas jet burner and Heizstrahlrohr -
called beamlines.
gas cooker
Gas Heaters
Heated rooms by direct heating of air. In central-air heaters, the
heated air via a channel system in the connected rooms is
distributed.
B+
CO 2
and determination
The thermally poorly
of the flueradiator.
built A system
gas losses after the efficiency
1st BImSchVof 80%
can not
be applied for condensing boilers.
the heated rooms. Some of the heat is lost in the heating pipes
Plant efficiency
It indicates what percentage of the heat produced is used in
71
Power consumption (V A)
in m 3 / H
H I, B
Load (B)
The supplied gas in the energy flow in kW, based on the calorific
value. In other words, the power supplied to the gas quantity of
energy in kWh per hour.
Standby loss (q B)
It originates in the breaks in operation by radiation to the
equipment room or by the air flow through the heat generator.
Calorific value (H S, B)
Heat quantity of a cubic meter gas in the operating state, which
is released on complete combustion, if the start and end
products have a temperature of 25 ° C and is present, the water
formed during the combustion of liquid.
Setting value (V e)
Volumetric flow in liters per minute (l / min), to which the burners
of gas appliances must be adjusted in order to reach the rated
load.
Conversion example: V A = Q NB
l 1.000 lm 3 h
V e = Q NB · f1 f 1 = 16.7 = · ·
H I, B min 60 min
72 B gas installation
Combustion efficiency ( η F)
It indicates what percentage of the energy of the exhaust gas
after deducting losses are still usable for heating. It is measured
by the chimney sweep. The firing efficiency does not detect
radiation and standby losses.
Annual efficiency ( η a)
It indicates what percentage of the energy used per year is used
as heat. When annual efficiency all losses are considered. He is
therefore the decisive parameter for the efficiency of a heating
technology installation.
Boiler efficiency ( η K)
It indicates what percentage of the energy contained in the gas
in the boiler is converted into usable heat (taking into account
the radiation losses). Modern gas boilers achieve a boiler
efficiency of over 90%. In condensing boilers, the values are
even higher.
73
(Q L)
The harnessed by a gas appliance heat flow in kW.
Standard efficiency
He conducted using standardized measurement and evaluation
methods to the test. Therefore, he is a parameter for the energy
assessment and comparability of heat generators.
utilization
It indicates what proportion of the energy used is available for
the heating system (after deducting the exhaust gas, radiation
and standby losses). He is an important parameter for the
assessment of a heat generator. The degree of utilization is (on
the calorific value H I ) based. For gas-fired condensing boilers
can, based on the calorific value, reach more than 100%.
heat demand
The calculated heat demand of a new building in kW. It results in
accordance with DIN EN 12831 / DIN 18599 and is the basis for the
design of the heat generator. The heat generator must not be too
great because he usually works uneconomical. Exception: For
gas-fired condensing boilers can exceed the performance of the
calculated heat demand, because these devices in the partial load
range to work particularly economical and may need to meet the
drinking water heating requirements.
heat loss
The Wirkungs- or efficiency of heat generators depends on the
losses that arise in the heat generation and distribution. This
mainly includes the exhaust loss q A, the willingness loss q B and
the radiation loss q ST.
efficiency ( η)
The efficiency is the ratio of usable made and supplied energy.
A distinction is more efficiencies.
75
4.2.1 CE marking
EN I 2ELL 20 CE 0063,
for gas appliances that are operated with natural gas,
EN I 3B / P 50 CE 0051,
for gas appliances that are operated with liquid gas.
device categories
Manufacturer
power supply
Type of
Year of CE marking
Product Ident.
All gas appliances for heating rooms, hot water and gas
domestic cooking appliances must be provided in the device
connection line immediately before these gas appliances with a
thermally triggering blocking device (TAE), except the gas
appliances themselves were already equipped. This does not
apply to industrial and commercial applications, unless the gas
appliances are in the home or similar location, such. B. in a
bakery or a gastronomischern operating in a residential block.
countertop
Above Wok burner, rice
countertop cooker or tabletop
grill
Prohibited areas:
• necessary stairways and generally accessible corridors
which serve as escape routes
• internal spaces that are vented via collection chambers
without ventilator (valid for room air from pending gas
appliances)
• Spaces from which fans suck air (room air except for safe
operation from dependent gas appliances is ensured)
• Rooms where open fires or stoves are set up without its own
combustion air supply (except the operational safety of the
ambient air from pending gas appliances is ensured)
➜
Note: According to the EC Gas Appliances Directive and
gas appliances without flame monitoring device (. Eg
without thermoelectric flame) CE marked in Europe may
(also in Germany) are freely traded and operated. The
development of these devices, however, a mechanical
forced ventilation during operation must ensure a hourly
five air changes. In gas-household cooking appliances, a
fresh air flow rate of at least 100 m is sufficient 3 / h during
operation. Since the cost of additional ventilation measures
is very high, only fully secured equipment should be used.
82 B gas installation
Solution 1: volume ≥ 1m 3 / kW
Solution 2: Total ≥ 1m 3 / kW
1. Possible solution:
The installation comprises regardless of the total rated power
Example:
Total rated output 12 kW; required
capacity ≥ 12 m 3
2. Possible solution:
If the installation location itself of this minimum size, it may use
the immediately adjacent areas in each case via two openings
each at least 150 cm 2 free cross-section are connected, when
the total rated power of the gas appliances of species B 1 and B 4 less
than 50 kW. The openings are preferably to be mounted in the
doors (the upper opening of preferably not lower than 1.80 m,
the bottom near the floor) (Figure 38).
3. Possible solution:
Regardless of the total capacity of the gas appliances of types
B 1 and B 4 can at installation rooms with less than 1 m 3 per 1 kW
done the exhaust dilution through vents to the outside with
appropriately performance-based free cross-sections.
Example:
If the installation location is less than 100 m 3 is, but the total
rated power is 100 kW, the area of the required ventilation
openings must be 150 cm 2
+ 2 cm 2 x 50 = 250 cm 2 and be - divided into two equal-sized
openings of 125 cm 2 - directly into the open (no ventilation pipe,
see also the combustion air supply through openings into the
open, Chapter 4.5.2.5).
Total output?
No
No
(Minimum cross-section 2 x 75 cm 2)
of 4 m 3 1 per kW total
output?
No
No
No
No
combustion
incineration incineration
airspace
airspace airspace
Setting up
space
incineration
airspace
Option 1:
If the installation location is greater than 1 m 3 per 1 kW rated
power, can be from the diagram (curve 1 to 3), the
chargeable capacity of the combustion air spaces as a
function of their size and the nature of the internal doors are
determined (Figure 43). If the installation room, a window is
applied to him curve. 4
·
chargeable power Q LANR in kW
30
4 3
25
2
20
15
10
1
5
Volume in m 3
Curve 4 installation room with outside window or door and inner door with
Combustion air opening of min. 150 cm 2 free cross section
Figure 43: Determination of the allowable power from the volume of the
combustion air spaces that belong to the respective combustion air
composite, and, optionally, of the installation
92 B gas installation
The execution of the protection objective 1 hereby at the same time fulfills the
Option 2:
If combustion air spaces with the installation room through an
opening of at least 150 cm 2 Cross-section are connected, its
volume can be fully charged to the space Value according to
curve. 4
Networks room
incineration
airspace
corridor 12 m3
Figure 45: Ground plan example for determining the combustion air services network
95
power 23.2 kW
boiler room
(With window, curve 4 in Figure 43) 5.0 kW
= 27.1 kW
= 19.9 kW
= 12.2 kW
49). The outlet pipe must meet the requirements for exhaust
systems. This option is available only in the modernization of old
buildings that have internal sanitary facilities. The supply air is
thereby supplied either through its own shaft ( "Cologne
ventilation") or from neighboring rooms ( "Berliner ventilation").
Supply air may be used as combustion air openings when they
are open during the operation of gas appliances.
99
air duct
1 x 150 cm 2 or 2 x 75 cm 2
Figure 46: combustion air supply through openings into the open
100 B gas installation
3.0 m at 90 °
1.5 m at 45 ° and
0.5 m in grating
Cross section of A L in cm 2
400
350
300
250
200
150 0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Line length L in m
LA L 0.7
A L = A · [1 + 15.8 · ----] 0.5
where: A L Cross-section of the combustion air duct in cm 2
Cross section of A L in cm 2
220
200
150
100
75 0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Line length L in m
exhaust
exhaust
supply air
Flues operated with positive pressure and are laid in such shafts must
be ventilated over the entire length. This Anforde tion is automatically
satisfied if:
104 B gas installation
the minimum distance to combustible materials are much lower for most
modern gas appliances with exhaust temperatures of between 85 ° C
and 160 ° C (see Fig. 50).
Thus, let the exhaust pipes of gas appliances, which are set up in
the attic, install under simplified conditions.
The use of gas-fired condensing boilers with exhaust temperatures are usually
below 85 ° C, here brings the additional advantage that eliminated the spacing
requirements completely.
> 300 2 20 cm
> 160-300 20 cm
connector or
> 85-160 cm
exhaust pipe
exhaust pipe Verbindungsstück2
1) and connector to mixed occupied chimney or exhaust gas
temperature> 160 to 400 ° C
2) mixed occupied chimney or exhaust gas temperature> 160 to 400 ° C exhaust pipe
za
y
d
b
d
exhaust
mouth
b
a
room air inde dependent gas appliances with fan type C 1 2x and C 1
3x can be placed either directly on the outer wall or inner walls.
For heating and 11 kW for hot water allowed 28 kW rated power
are not exceeded (images 26 and 27, page 57).
106 B gas installation
a a
b
d
d
from exhaust
estuary
Figure 52: Minimum distances a single exhaust port to windows that can
be opened or outer doors, with smooth facades
room air inde dependent gas appliances with fan type C 3 2x and C 3 3x have
a combustion air supply and exhaust gas discharge vertically above
the roof line in a concentric arrangement. These gas appliances
may be placed (Figures 28 and 29, page 58/59) not only on the top
floor, but also in deeper levels.
It should be noted that the lines for the combustion air supply and
exhaust gas discharge outside the installation for floor bridging
usually in a shaft with a fire resistance of at least 30 minutes (class L
30) or 90 minutes (class L 90) corresponding to the building class
according Bauordnung must be accommodated.
However, above the boiler room only the roof structure and is
required for the ceiling no fire rating, sufficient mechanical
protection of non-combustible, dimensionally stable construction
materials.
In the case of gas appliances with blower, type C 52x and C 53x, an
"X" marking is possible only if the manufacturer confirms a flue
gas discharge through the roof with increased tightness request
or the over-pressurized parts of the exhaust path are
surrounded by combustion in the building. Otherwise, a vent to
the outside with 1 x 150 cm 2 provide (images 32 and 33, page
62/63).
Gas appliances of type C 62x and C 63x are tested, approved and
delivered without combustion air or exhaust pipe. The exhaust
systems must be approved separately by building. They can be
performed both on the facade and inside of manholes. The
combustion air is supplied in the shaft via an annular gap (Figure
34, page 64).
room air inde dependent gas appliances with fan type C 82x and C 83x be
supplied via a line with combustion air from the outdoors. The
exhaust gases are discharged via a normal domestic chimney or
via an exhaust line in the negative pressure operating through the
roof (Figure 35, page 65).
room air inde dependent gas appliances Type C 9 lead the exhaust
gases from an exhaust pipe that is part of the gas appliance,
over the roof. The combustion air is flowing around the exhaust
pipe as a counter-flow in a supply or discharge shaft, which is
not part of the manufacturer delivery, the gas appliance fed
(Figure 36, page 66).
Are in a flat multiple furnaces (z. B. also for solid or liquid fuel) is
present and ready for use, then the function test during the
simultaneous operation of all fire sites with the greatest power is
carried out (for the test gas appliance even the smallest power).
Occurs after the starting phase (five minutes) yet exhaust gas at
the flow fuse, the cause of the malfunction in the exhaust
system or in the defective combustion air supply may be.
Can not be corrected the errors, the gas unit must not remain
in operation.
rated capacity
in kilowatts Limitin percent
values for exhaust gas losses
≥ 4 ≤ 25 11
> 25 ≤ 50 10
> 50 9
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11 <4 - 25 kW
10 9 <25 - 50 kW
50 kW
≤ 120 110 60
MFeuV Musterfeuerungsverordnung
Power consumption 71
Connection, fixed 79 5
Connection releasably 79 5
B IMPACT 71
load test 33 13 / 5
fire safety 78
condensing 10f
C E-mark 75
D eights 9
setting 71f
explosion limits 12 2
118 e
F erngase 13
LPG 14, 76
G asbrenner 67, 69
Gas Heizherd 68
Gas heater 68
gas cooker 68 /6
gas installation 16
Gas Heaters 69
Gas-heated household 67
tumble
gas Meter 19, 72 4-6, 12-16
Usability testing 34 15
device categories 15 37
I nnenleitung 20, 23
insulating 20 4-6, 8
J ahresnutzungsgrad 72
e 119
power 72f
Musterfeuerungsverordnung 80
N ennbelastung 73 1
New-LAS 108
Standard efficiency 73
STP 9, 10
utilization 73
room air inde dependent gas appliances 50, 86, 105ff 25-36
riser 20 4-6
nameplate 76 37
Ü jumper cables 47 17
W ärmebedarf 74
heat loss 74
efficiency 74
Z ündsicherung 81
Ignition 11 1
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