Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Customized Solutions
m1
100.00
80.00
T=1/f 100.00
Torque vs Gamma Design_BH_right_Current_Gamma_Sweep1
60.00
Current(PhaseA) [A]
m2
87.50
40.00
20.00
67.50
0.00
Y1 [NewtonMeter]
-20.00
Data Table 1 47.50 PostProcessing
-40.00
1
-60.00
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00
Time [ms]
80.00 100.00 Speed_rpm
120.00
InputPower [kW]
[rpm]
140.00 1000.000000
27.026186
𝛾 𝑖
F
27.50
L(q-axis)
MechanicalLoss
gamma='0deg' [W]
MachineSolutions1 99.999532
TotalLoss [kW] 2.613115 I
5.00
Efficiency 89.567660
PowerBalance 8.897381
4.00
V(d-axis) [V] -137.705223
V(q-axis) [V] 37.234678
3.00
-150.00 -100.00 -50.00 0.00 50.00 I(d-axis) [A]
100.00 150.00 -68.404310
Iq [A]
I(q-axis) [A] 187.938422
L(d-axis) [mH] 1.600205
L(q-axis) [mH] 1.982361
FluxLinkage(d-axis) [Wb] 0.068288
FluxLinkage(q-axis) [Wb] 0.331973
Toolkit
• If not already exist, create a folder Toolkits under syslib or userlib or Personallib
• If not already exist, create another folder Maxwell2D (and/or Maxwell3D) under
Toolkits
• Place the directory Electric Machines Design Toolkit – R16 into the Maxwell2D
(and/or Maxwell3D) directory.
• From Maxwell2D/Maxwell3D > Toolkit > Electric Machines Design Toolkit
• Select an item
Efficiency Map Displayer
Electric Machines Design Toolkit
or
or
Toolkit Usage
• From Maxwell2D/Maxwell3D > Toolkit > Electric Machines Design Toolkit
• Select Update Menu once you create a Toolkit directory
• The UDO Average & RMS Solutions are required by the scripts of the Electric
Machines Design Toolkit
• Menu items
Electric Machines Design Toolkit
Efficiency Map Displayer
Toolkit Usage
• From Maxwell2D/Maxwell3D > Toolkit > Electric Machines Design Toolkit
• Select Update Menu once you create a Toolkit directory
• The UDO Average & RMS Solutions are required by the scripts of the Electric
Machines Design Toolkit
• Menu items
Electric Machines Design Toolkit
Efficiency Map Displayer
Toolkit Simulation
1. Once Run is pressed, the toolkit will create a Before Create Map (original design)
new Design from the original Design. The
new Design is for simulating the parametric
sweep.
2. Original design will remain intact.
After Create Map (Motor Mode)
3. It is possible to simulate another
setup/scenario from original design. Toolkit
will automatically create a new design. Also
the user can simulate new scenarios using
the Update button.
PM Simulation
IM Simulation
Press Run
Calculate optimal operating points
(create necessary designs)
Simulation of
Retrieve Data from Sweep
Parametric Sweep
Toolkit Reports
• File ResultData.pickled contains the processed results of the transient data that will be
required if the user needs to Update Run.
• File EfficiencyMap_motor.data contains the data of all the computed maps that can be
displayed by the Efficiency Map Displayer
• The folder transient will contain the CSV files for the transient results if the option Keep
Transient Data in Toolkit Directory is checked.
• The folder curves contains the CSV files for the torque-gamma or torque-slip results.
• The OPAL-RT Matlab file is created through the Python toolkit capability.
No Matlab post-processing is needed.
• The Update option can be used if the user wants to stop the simulation and re-run at
another time. The steps to do that:
1. Click Clean Stop and let Maxwell complete the current simulation
2. Close the project (when needed)
3. Open the Project and Run parametric analysis setup ParametricSetup1 in the
design created by the toolkit
4. Open the Toolkit and click Update
• List of user input that can be updated during the Update click:
1. UDO setup: properties such Rs and Le, Ref speed, mech loss etc.
2. Current: it can be decreased from its original setting but not increased.
3. Control strategy: MTPA, loss minimization etc.
4. Voltage control type: Sinusoidal PWM, Space Vector etc.
5. DC voltage and modulation index.
6. Connection type: Wye or Delta. In this case, the option Re-write and read transient data must be
checked.
7. Map Characteristics: Number of Speed Points, Number of Torque Points, Torque Threshold Factor,
Maximum Speed. Note: Maximum speed can be updated to a lower value but not a higher value from
the original run.
8. Include the effect of AC resistance
9. Include the effect of temperature on resistance.
10. Modify the optimization parameters: population size and maximum number of evaluations.
11. If LS-DSO was used, a different job ID can be used during an update.
12. Only Calculate Envelope of Torque speed Curve.
13. Re-write and read transient data.
14. Keep transient data in toolkit directory. In this case, the option Re-write and read transient data must
be checked.
• List of user input that can NOT be updated during the Update:
1. Motor mode, unless both modes were selected during the Run and the user wants to select a single mode for
the Update.
2. The Design of Experiments Characteristics related to the parametric sweep such as number of time steps, the
number of current points, angle points and speed points.
3. Winding orientation.
4. Auto alignment of the rotor and D-Q model.
5. Include the effect of skewing.
6. Custom Core Loss Calculations.
7. For IM, the values of DC resistance and end-winding inductance.
Update
Torque
Voltage
Power
Windings
loss dominate
Constant
torque Best
efficiency
Field
weakening Core loss
dominate
• If the original design is a voltage fed, the user can include the effect of the stator
resistance and end-winding inductance after the simulation is complete. This
can be done by editing the UDO setup and then Update Run.
di (t ) d (t )
v(t ) Rsi (t ) Le
dt dt
• The alignment angle is needed to allow Gamma to vary from 0 to 90deg in motoring mode and from 90 to
180 deg in generating mode, and from 0 to 180 if both modes is selected.
• After the parametric sweep of current 𝑖, angle 𝛾, and speed 𝑛, is done, the toolkit will write and read data.
• The data for all needed quantities such voltage, torque, loss, power factor, Id, Iq etc will be extracted and
tabulated in a lookup table to be sued for surface response method. A combined spline & trilinear 3D
interpolation algorithm are implemented in the code.
𝛾 𝑖
The torque speed curve more commonly refers to the torque speed
capability curve created by the control of voltage and frequency. It is
also called the envelope or the maximum torque envelope
nb
64 © 2012 ANSYS, Inc. January 12, 2015
Torque Speed Capability Curve
𝑣
Note: = 𝑐 strategy is not
𝑓
satisfactory especially at low speeds
𝑇(𝑖, 𝛾, 𝑛) where the effect of DC resistance is
important and at higher speeds if the
Click to edit Master text styles
eddy-current and core loss effects
are strong!
𝛾 𝛾 𝑖 styles
Click to edit Master text
𝑖
Key! The response surface method is a function which can be evaluated quickly
for an arbitrary given input of current 𝑖, angle 𝛾, and speed 𝑛.
67 © 2012 ANSYS, Inc. January 12, 2015
The Map
1. MTPA
2. Total Loss minimization
3. Power factor maximization
4. Torque Ripple minimization
5. Core Loss minimization
6. Solid Loss minimization
7. Id minimization
8. Iq minimization
𝛾 𝑖
Power factor surfaces at different speeds Torque ripple surfaces at different speeds
𝛾 𝑖
𝑖 𝛾
𝛾 𝑖
𝑖 𝛾
72 © 2012 ANSYS, Inc. January 12, 2015
Toolkit – Tech Notes
Initialize population
Create offspring
yes
𝑖
𝛾
73 © 2012 ANSYS, Inc. January 12, 2015
Toolkit – Tech Notes
• Script calculates the effect of skewing on the instantaneous torque and RMS voltage.
• Script assumes that there is positive and negative skewing and adds Gamma angles
accordingly.
Single-sided staircase
Skewing angle
Segment
Double-sided staircase
Skewing angle
Segment
75 © 2012 ANSYS, Inc. January 12, 2015
Toolkit – Tech Notes
• Script calculates the effect of skewing on the instantaneous torque and RMS voltage.
• Script assumes that there is positive and negative skewing and adds Gamma angles
accordingly.
1 1
Unskewed Center
Skewed 0.8 Positive
0.8 Negative
0.6
0.4
0.6
Torque
Torque
0.2
0.4 0
-0.2
0.2
-0.4
0 -0.6
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Gamma Gamma
Gamma Angles [electrical deg ] = [-22.5, -7.5, 7.5, 22.5, 37.5, 52.5, 67.5, 82.5, 97.5, 112.5]
Skew Window [electrical deg ] = [-22.5, -7.5, 7.5, 22.5]
For accuracy, the Gamma interval is decreased from 15 deg to 7.5 deg based on the number of Gamma points
Gamma Angles [electrical deg ] = [-22.5, -15.0, -7.5, 0.0, 7.5, 15.0, 22.5, 30.0, 37.5, 45.0, 52.5, 60.0, 67.5, 75.0,
82.5, 90.0, 97.5, 105.0, 112.5]
Skew Window [electrical deg ] = [-22.5, -15.0, -7.5, 0.0, 7.5, 15.0, 22.5]
No-skew
Skew
Skew No-skew
Skew No-skew
0
Model
User needs to change the excitation of the windings to external Click to edit Master text styles
before assigning the UDOs or running the toolkit.
The resistance and inductance entered in the properties of the
UDOs will be used in the external circuit.
In induction motors, the torque speed curve may refer to the torque
speed curve at a constant voltage and variable speed/load. This curve
is also called the torque slip/load curve
At fixed voltage and fixed frequency, varying the load creates the torque slip
curve. Theoretically, varying the load is the same as varying the slip or
varying the rotor speed. Transient solution is performed at different speeds
and steady state values are plotted.
60𝑓
𝑛𝑠 =
𝑝
𝑠 = (𝑛𝑠 − 𝑛)/𝑛𝑠
Disadvantage:
No control
Click & thustextlow
to edit Master efficiency
styles
The torque speed curve more commonly refers to the torque speed
capability curve created by varying voltage and frequency. It is also
called the envelope or the maximum torque envelope
𝑣
Note: = 𝑐 strategy is not
𝑓
satisfactory especially at low speed
𝑇(𝑣, 𝑓, 𝑠) where the effect of DC resistance is
important
Click to edit Master text styles
Key!
1. MTPA
2. Total Loss minimization
3. Power factor maximization
4. Torque Ripple minimization
5. Core Loss minimization
6. Solid Loss minimization Click to edit Master text styles
𝑑𝑎 𝑑𝑎
𝐵𝑥 = 𝐵𝑦 =
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
Shape Functions
Bx,By,Bz
dBx, dBy, dBz
Core Loss Function
Hmx = Kh[IndexID]*1/pi*UEX[IG][0][K];
Hmy = Kh[IndexID]*1/pi*UEX[IG][1][K];
Hmz = Kh[IndexID]*1/pi*UEX[IG][2][K];
if (UEX[IG][0][K]==0)
HX = sqrt(pow(Hmx,2));
else
HX = sqrt(std::abs(pow(Hmx,2) - pow(Hmx*BX/UEX[IG][0][K],2)));
if (UEX[IG][1][K]==0)
HY = sqrt(pow(Hmy,2));
else
HY = sqrt(std::abs(pow(Hmy,2)- pow(Hmy*BY/UEX[IG][1][K],2)));
if (UEX[IG][2][K]==0)
HZ = sqrt(pow(Hmz,2));
else
HZ = sqrt(std::abs(pow(Hmz,2)- pow(Hmz*BZ/UEX[IG][2][K],2)));
// hysteresis loss
CHYS = CINT*pow((pow(std::abs(HX*DBX/dt),2/Beta[IndexID])+pow(std::abs(HY*DBY/dt),2/Beta[IndexID]) + pow(std::abs(HZ*DBZ/dt),2/Beta[IndexID])), Beta[IndexID]/2);
// excess loss
N
P K h (nf ) Bn2 K c nfBn K e nfBn
2 1.5
n 1
Where n is harmonic number
Verification: Using Parseval’s theorem the average eddy loss from the
time-domain must be equal to the eddy loss from the frequency
domain model
2
N T
Pc K c nfBn
1 2 dB
2 todtedit Master text styles
2
K
T 2 0 dt Click
c
n 1
N
P K h (nf ) Bn2 K c nfBn K e nfBn
2 1.5
n 1
Key Advantages:
Note:
N
P K h ( Bn )(nf ) Bn2 K c (nf , Bn )nfBn
2
n 1
Key Advantage:
Kh and Kc are functions (not constants any more) leading to
very accurate model
Kh and Kc are tabulated in a look-up table and applied in FE
using cubic spline interpolation algorithm
P K h ( B) fB K c ( f , B) fB
2 2
• Hysteresis loss is
commonly known as the
static or rate-independent
loss. Click to edit Master text styles
• Hysteresis loss is
commonly known as the
static or rate-independent
loss. Click to edit Master text styles
Input Power
Quantity Symbol: InputPower
Quantity Unit: W
1
Generator: Shaft (airgap) power
T T (t )(t )dt T .
1 1
T T T T
Motor: Electric power p ( t ) dt v(t ).i (t )dt
Average power computed over an electric period T from the instantaneous values of
current and voltage per phase
Output Power
Quantity Symbol: OutputPower
Quantity Unit: W
1 1
Generator: Electric power
TT p ( t ) dt
TT v(t ).i (t )dt
Average power computed over an electric period T from the instantaneous values of
current and voltage per phase
1
Motor: Shaft (airgap) power
T T (t )(t )dt T .
Average power computed over an electric period T from the instantaneous values of
torque and speed
1 1 n
Generator & Motor: Rotor speed
T T (t )dt n
i 1
i
Power Factor
Quantity Symbol: PowerFactor
Quantity Unit: unity (1)
P
Generator & Motor: cos
S
where P here is the average electric power and S is the apparent power computed as follows:
S VI
where V here is the rms value of the phase voltage and I is the rms value of the phase current
Supply Current
Quantity Symbol: SupplyCurrent
Quantity Unit: A
T
1 2 1 n 2
T 0
i (t )dt ii
n i 1
Current(Phase_name)
di (t ) d (t )
v(t ) Rsi (t ) Le
dt dt
InducedVoltage(Phase_name)
For current or external source, the user can input the per phase
values of Rsand Le through the properties window
1 1 n
p(t )dt pi
T T n i 1
and
P0mech where P0mech is the mechanical loss measured at the
Kc 2
n0 reference speed n0
Efficiency
Quantity Symbol: Efficiency
Quantity Unit: %
Because the shaft (airgap) power is less sensitive to the time step size
than the electric power, the efficiency is consistently computed
from the shaft power and total losses:
Pshaft
Motor:
Pshaft PTloss
Pshaft PTloss
Generator:
Pshaft
Power Balance
Quantity Symbol: PowerBalance
Quantity Unit: %
and PEloss is the losses that were taken into the solution (not post-processed losses). Pin is
computed from induced voltage and input current in the case of current source, and form
input voltage and current in the case of voltage source
P
Factors that play roles: What kind of losses Eloss:
• Time step size • Core loss if it is incorporated in field solution
• Steady–state condition • Solid loss
• Nonlinear residual • StrandedLossR in case of voltage source
Power Balance
Motor mode :Effect of time-step size and Nonlinear residual
XY Plot 1 Maxwell2DDesign1_MotorMode_TSC4
20.00
Curve Info
10.00
has little effect
7.50
5.00
2.50
0.00
20.00 70.00 120.00 170.00 200.00
TimeSteps_per_period
Power Balance
Motor mode: Effect of time-step size
XY Plot 2 Maxwell2DDesign1_MotorMode_TSC4
5.60
5.58
MachineSolutions1
5.53 step size
5.50
5.48
5.45
5.43
5.40
20.00 70.00 120.00 170.00 200.00
TimeSteps_per_period
Power Balance
Motor mode: Effect of time-step size
XY Plot 2 Maxwell2DDesign1_MotorMode_TSC4
6.80
6.60
Curve Info
Electric power is
6.40 InputPower significantly affected by
InputPower [kW]
MachineSolutions1
the time-step size
6.20
6.00
5.80
5.60
20.00 70.00 120.00 170.00 200.00
TimeSteps_per_period
q-axis
Phase diagram
e Lq Iq
E
e Ld Id
𝐼𝑠 = 𝐼𝑑2 + 𝐼𝑞2 ≤ 𝐼max
Vq
Vs
𝑉𝑠 = 𝑉𝑑2 + 𝑉𝑞2 ≤ 𝑉max Is
Iq
d
I d I max sin( )
I q I max cos( )
-Vd -Id Ypm d-axis
Phasor diagram illustrating the operation of a PM machine based on the D-Q axis
theory where 𝛿 is the torque angle, 𝜑 is the power factor angle, 𝐸 is the induced
voltage, 𝜔𝑒 is the operating fundamental frequency
θ = 0[deg]
129 © 2012 ANSYS, Inc. January 12, 2015 where is in electrical degrees
UDO D-Q Calculations
Ldd
1
2
Lq Ld Lq Ld cos(2 ) Self-inductance of the d-axis
Lqq
1
2
Lq Ld Lq Ld cos(2 ) Self-inductance of the q-axis
Lqd Ldq
1
Ld Lq sin(2 ) Mutual-inductance of the
d- and q-axes
2
0 0 _ mech * P / 2
Note: The alignment of the angle 0 is done automatically using the Toolkit
for any magnet or windings configuration!
XY Plot 5 Ld_Lq_7_5deg_Emad
8.00
Curve Info
L(d-axis)
MachineSolutions1
gamma='180deg'
7.00 L(d-axis)
MachineSolutions1
gamma='0deg'
L(q-axis)
MachineSolutions1
gamma='180deg'
6.00
Y1 [mH]
L(q-axis)
MachineSolutions1
gamma='0deg'
5.00
4.00
3.00
-150.00 -100.00 -50.00 0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00
Iq [A]
XY Plot 8 Prius_design_IdIq
0.20 Curve Info
FluxLinkage(q-axis)
MachineSolutions1
Iq='-240A'
FluxLinkage(q-axis)
MachineSolutions1
Iq='-180A'
0.10 FluxLinkage(q-axis)
MachineSolutions1
Iq='-120A'
FluxLinkage(q-axis)
MachineSolutions1
Iq='-60A'
FluxLinkage(q-axis)
MachineSolutions1
-0.00
FluxLinkage(q-axis) [Wb]
Iq='0A'
FluxLinkage(q-axis)
MachineSolutions1
Iq='60A'
FluxLinkage(q-axis)
MachineSolutions1
Iq='120A'
-0.10 FluxLinkage(q-axis)
MachineSolutions1
Iq='180A'
-0.20
-0.30
-0.40
-0.50
-250.00 -125.00 0.00 125.00 250.00
Id [A]
FluxLinage(q-axis) [Wb]
0.2
0.2 0
0
-0.2 -0.2
-0.4 -0.4
300 300 300 300
200 200 200 200
100 100 100 100
0 0 0 0
-100 -100 -100
-100
-200 -200
-200 -200 Iq [A] Id [A]
Iq [A] -300 -300 Id [A] -300 -300
400
Torque [N.m]
200
-200
-400
300
200 200
100
0 0
-100
-200 -200
Iq [A] -300 Id [A]
137 © 2012 ANSYS, Inc. January 12, 2015
UDO D-Q Calculations
200
100
Torque [N.m]
Voltage [V]
100
80
0
60
-100
-200 FEA 40
FEA
DQ-solution DQ-solution
-300 20
0 100 200 300 400 0 100 200 300 400
Current angle [degree] Current angle [degree]
Vd Rs I d e q
T p d I q q I d
3
2 Vq Rs I q e d
The validation of the steady state values
shows that the parameters of DQ solution
Vs Vd Vq
2 2
are accurate
138 © 2012 ANSYS, Inc. January 12, 2015
Technical Notes: Voltage Control
• Efficiency Map Displayer is a user friendly tool that is developed in Python using
wxPython and Matlibplot packages to display Filled Contour Plots
• Integrated with the Design Toolkit as a callable .exe but the source code is not
included/shared unless requested
Note: if custom core loss was used, the loss for each object and component will be listed too.
m1:n1,m2:n2,….,m:n
where:
m is the total number of lines
n is the index step used in the interval between index m2 and m
n2 is the index step used in the interval between index m1 and m2
n1 is the index step used in the interval between index 0 and m1
Example: Ticks/Max = 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 96.195
Ticks Max
Example:
• Open PM_Toolkit_Ex1.mxwl
• Average steady-state & RMS results are saved in SimResults_Map_motor1.csv & SimResults_Map_generator1
• Note the transient data under “transient” folder are saved too
• From the Simulation Tab, check box Re-Read Transient and Re-Create Response Surface
• Click Update
0H
0.03 mH
• Open PM_Toolkit_Ex1.mxwl
• Click Run
• Notes:
– Symmetry multiplier will be automatically identified from
the design but not the Model Depth
– No need to browse for the loss file for each object
separately unless each object has its own loss files. Same
file will be copied from the first row to all next rows.
• Open PM_Toolkit_Ex3.mxwl
PM Example 4 – Skew
• Purpose of the workshop is studying the effect of skew on the torque speed curve and efficiency maps
• Open PM_Toolkit_Ex4.mxwl
PM Example 4 – Skew
• Enter UDO properties below.
• Click OK
PM Example 4 – Skew
• Go to Maxwell2D -> Toolkit -> Electric Machines Design Toolkit –R16 -> Electric Machines
Design Toolkit
PM Example 4 – Skew
• From the General, select and enter the
highlighted items below:
• Machine Type: PM Synchronous Machine
• Voltage Control Type: Line-line RMS
• L-L RMS Voltage: 300V
• RMS Line Current: 200A
PM Example 4 – Skew
• From the Windings Tab:
• Uncheck Align the D-Q Axis by the Script
PM Example 4 – Skew
• From the Advanced Tab:
• Check Calculate the Effect of Skewing
• Check Single-Sided Staircase
• Skew Angle [Mech. deg]: 2.5
• Number Segments: 4
• Click Run
PM Example 4 – Skew
• Once Run is clicked, the toolkit will create a new design and run the parametric sweep.
• Simulation will run until it finishes all variations, in this case 208. DSO is preferred here to
cut simulation time.
PM Example 4 – Skew
• Results
Note: The maximum torque is reduced due to the skew effect. The user can compare the
result with PM Example 1
212 © 2012 ANSYS, Inc. January 12, 2015
Toolkit – Examples
PM Example 4 – Skew
• Results
Note: The results of the torque-gamma curves are the post-processed results after the
skew effect is considered.
213 © 2012 ANSYS, Inc. January 12, 2015
Toolkit – Examples
PM Example 4 – Skew
• Results
Note: The user may plot the raw torque-gamma curves before post-processing using the
UDOs
214 © 2012 ANSYS, Inc. January 12, 2015
Toolkit – Examples
PM Example 4 – Skew
• Results
PM Example 4 – Skew
• Start the Efficiency Map Displayer from the toolkit menu: Maxwell2D > Toolkit > Electric
Machines Design Toolkit > Efficiency Map Displayer
• Import data file EfficiencyMap_motor1.data from File > Import Data. This file exists under
PM_Toolkit_Ex4.toolkit directory created by the script under the project directory.
PM Example 4 – Skew
• The example demonstrates the use of the toolkit to compute efficiency maps for an induction motor
• Open IM_Toolkit_Ex1.mxwl
• Change the excitation type to External for the three phase windings
• Note that the user does not need to do anything else except change the excitation from voltage to
external. The toolkit automatically assigns the external circuit
• Note here that the stator resistance and end-winding inductance are copied from the original voltage
excitation setup
• Click Run
• The example demonstrates the use of the toolkit to compute efficiency maps for an induction motor
using Large-Scale DSO.
• This example is almost a combination of the steps done in Example 1 & 2 with additional steps
• Open IM_Toolkit_Ex2.mxwl
• Change the excitation type to External for the three phase windings
• Note that the user does not need to do anything else except change the excitation from voltage to
external. The toolkit automatically assigns the external circuit
• Note here that the stator resistance and end-winding inductance are copied from the original voltage
excitation setup
• Simplorer
• Maxwell
• RMxprt
• Q3D
• HFSS
• Designer
Electrical
Other Transformers
Machines
Solutions Solutions Main script
Solutions
Lib Efficiency.py
.py Packages
.dll
BaseExampleUDO.py
Menu items can be updated if user makes
changes to the folder structure
254 © 2012 ANSYS, Inc. January 12, 2015
UDO Overview
• BaseExampleUDO.py
This file is standard that
contains the base class
that can be used as a
basis in the main scripts.
No need to edit it.
• All additional Python or
dll files or packages can
be placed/linked in the
Lib directory
or
Generalized
Automated
Efficient
Ease of use
Extendible
m1
100.00
80.00
T=1/f
60.00
Current(PhaseA) [A]
m2
40.00
20.00
0.00
-20.00
-40.00
-60.00
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00
Time [ms]
• The UDOs are ready to create and use once the Electric Machines
Solutions is placed into UserDefinedOutputs under syslib (see slide
16)
• Create User Defined Solution by right clicking on Results. This must
be done while the simulation is not running
279 © 2012 ANSYS, Inc. January 12, 2015 This window will get grayed out once probe assigned
UDO Step by Step
Before creating a User Defined Solution After creating a User Defined Solution
280 © 2012 ANSYS, Inc. January 12, 2015
UDO Step by Step
95.00
92.50
Efficiency
90.00
87.50
MachineSolutions1
Freq_Base_TSC='10.05211883Hz' Imax_TSC='39.99965064A' LoadAngle_TSC='350.6913473deg' Speed_Base_TSC='301....
85.00 MachineSolutions1
Freq_Base_TSC='20.10423766Hz' Imax_TSC='39.99965064A' LoadAngle_TSC='350.6913473deg' Speed_Base_TSC='603....
MachineSolutions1
Freq_Base_TSC='30.15635649Hz' Imax_TSC='39.99965064A' LoadAngle_TSC='350.6913473deg' Speed_Base_TSC='904....
MachineSolutions1
82.50 Freq_Base_TSC='40.20847532Hz' Imax_TSC='39.99965064A' LoadAngle_TSC='350.6913473deg' Speed_Base_TSC='1206...
MachineSolutions1
Freq_Base_TSC='50.26059416Hz' Imax_TSC='39.99965064A' LoadAngle_TSC='350.6913473deg' Speed_Base_TSC='1507...
MachineSolutions1
Freq_Base_TSC='60.31271299Hz' Imax_TSC='39.99965064A' LoadAngle_TSC='350.6913473deg' Speed_Base_TSC='1809...
80.00 MachineSolutions1
Freq_Base_TSC='70.36483182Hz' Imax_TSC='33.91031766A' LoadAngle_TSC='337.3980793deg' Speed_Base_TSC='2110...
0.00 2000.00 4000.00 6000.00 8000.00
Speed [rpm] MachineSolutions1
Freq_Base_TSC='80.41695065Hz' Imax_TSC='31.55322824A' LoadAngle_TSC='330.5894098deg' Speed_Base_TSC='2412...
Example 1: Postprocessing
1
• After simulation is done, Create
User Define Solution
• Select Average and RMS
Solutions item from the menu
Example 1: Postprocessing
• Specify properties:
1. Poles = 8 2
2. Mechanical losses 100 W
3. Reference Speed 1000
4. DC resistances for each
phase 0.04 ohm
5. End-winding inductance
0.03 mH
6. Click OK (Keep defaults
properties for the rest)
Example 1: Postprocessing
• Create User Defined Report 3
(Data Table)
• Select all Quantities under
Average & RMS Values
Example 1: Postprocessing
Example 3: Parametric
• Use the same project
“IPM_Motor.mxwl” of Example 1
• Copy Design
“Prius_design_Postprocessing”, paste it 1
in the same project, and rename it as
“Prius_design_Parametric”
• Add a Parametric sweep of Imax (0-
240A) step 40A.
• Analyze ParametricSetup1 2
Example 3: Parametric
• Create User Defined Report 1
(Rectangular Plot)
• Select Imax as the Primary Sweep
and I(q-axis) for x axis
• Select L(q-axis) as the quantities in Y
to plot and then Create Report
• Repeat steps for Ld vs Id 2
Example 3: Parametric
1
• Create User Defined Report
(Rectangular Plot)
• Change the Primary Sweep Values as
shown
• Change the X to an UDO quantity
(Phase Voltage)
• Select Efficiency as the quantity in Y
to plot
2
2000.00
1000.00
ExprCache(I_bar1)
0.00
-1000.00
-2000.00
-3000.00
0.00 25.00 50.00 75.00 100.00 125.00 150.00 175.00 200.00
Time [ms]
2000.00
1000.00
Y1 [A]
0.00
-1000.00
-2000.00
-3000.00
0.00 25.00 50.00 75.00 100.00 125.00 150.00 175.00 200.00
Time [ms]
• Open IPM_3D.mxwl
• Analyze Setup1
• After simulation is done, Create
User Define Solution
• Select Average & RMS
Solutions item from the menu
• Select a probe (any transient
quantity e.g., Moving1.Torque)
• Enter properties values below