Escolar Documentos
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and Adaptable Public Croatia
Buildings through
Energy Efficient Rajko Roginić
Retrofitting
Train the Trainer Workshop
12‐13 September 2016, Bilbao
A2PBA2PBEER– Affordable and Adaptable Public Buildings through Energy Efficient Retrofitting
• Office building in center of
Zagreb
• Merged by two major streets
(Hebrangova and Gunduliceva)
Train the Trainer Workshop, 12‐13 September 2016, Bilbao 2
A2PBA2PBEER– Affordable and Adaptable Public Buildings through Energy Efficient Retrofitting
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A2PBA2PBEER– Affordable and Adaptable Public Buildings through Energy Efficient Retrofitting
Overview
HEP ODS Elektra Zagreb building
Built in 1934 (architect Juraj Denzler)
Nowadays protected as architectural cultural heritage
Office building has total 12.242 sqm
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A2PBA2PBEER– Affordable and Adaptable Public Buildings through Energy Efficient Retrofitting
Builiding construction:
Since it was built in 1934th only retrofitting work on the building was the
substitution of the roof tiles and substructure
Building construction elements:
– On the basement, the envelope is built by a wall of concrete
– On upper floors main façade envelope is of double layer brick wall with a 14 cm air cavity
– The façade heading the principal streets of the district are covered by limestone tiles
– On the courtyard the envelope has a thinner air gap of 12 cm
– On the roof the main construction is a wooden structure and substructure covered by
cooper tiles
Three types of windows:
– Patented and protected windows ‐ specially designed to perform batter natural cross
ventilation. Windows have 12 cm thick oak frame and a single or double layer glazing unit
(replaced over the years without knowledge of CHS).
– Ordinary wooden framed windows – with double layer gazing windows (not protected by
CHS)
– Metallic framed windows and walls on staircases with single glazing units
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A2PBA2PBEER– Affordable and Adaptable Public Buildings through Energy Efficient Retrofitting
Actions taken before retrofitting to reduce energy needs
Building Energy model
– Using Energy + software
– Introducing entire geometry of the building and district level casting shadow
– Zooning every system of energy distribution
– Calibration of the building energy model
Data gathering
– Climate conditions
– General building information (plans,
drawings, bills, measured values)
– Building systems for generation/distribution
of energy (heating, lightning, cooling,
ventilation)
– Scheduling
– Internal gains
– Zooning
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A2PBA2PBEER– Affordable and Adaptable Public Buildings through Energy Efficient Retrofitting
Simulation results‐calibrated 30
25
data weather 10
‐5
‐10
‐15
Zagreb 2015 (Velika Gorica) E+ Historic data
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A2PBA2PBEER– Affordable and Adaptable Public Buildings through Energy Efficient Retrofitting
Energy model ‐ results
180
165.2
160
140
Energy need for heating
120
Energy need for cooling
kWh/m2yr
100 Hot water
80 Ventilation
Lighting
60
Other services
40
20 16.5
1.0 3.3
0.0 0.02
0
Actual State KPIs
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A2PBA2PBEER– Affordable and Adaptable Public Buildings through Energy Efficient Retrofitting
140000
Zone heating load per year in kWh
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
00Basement 00GroundFloor 01FirstFloor 02SecondFloor 03ThirdFloor 04FourthFloor 05FifthFloor 06Attic
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A2PBA2PBEER– Affordable and Adaptable Public Buildings through Energy Efficient Retrofitting
6000
Zone cooling load per year in kWh
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
00Basement 00GroundFloor 01FirstFloor 02SecondFloor 03ThirdFloor 04FourthFloor 05FifthFloor 06Attic
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A2PBA2PBEER– Affordable and Adaptable Public Buildings through Energy Efficient Retrofitting
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A2PBA2PBEER– Affordable and Adaptable Public Buildings through Energy Efficient Retrofitting
2.5
2
U value (W/m2K
1.5
0.5
0
Floor Wall Roof Glazing
Actual State KPIs Benchmark Values
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A2PBA2PBEER– Affordable and Adaptable Public Buildings through Energy Efficient Retrofitting
Energy model – preliminary conclusions
Space‐heating is the main energy use in the building
The courtyard is the largest node of energy use in the building, for heating
and cooling, in terms of global and specific values.
For heating period, north and south orientations have the largest energy
demands.
As expected cooling loads rises proportionally to the building height due to
the increased solar availability (building is located in urban environment).
Finally Annex of the building ‐ its impact is not strong for global figures but
due to its geometry and characteristics the energy performance of the
annex of the building is very poor.
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A2PBA2PBEER– Affordable and Adaptable Public Buildings through Energy Efficient Retrofitting
Constraints and technical intervention possibilities
Building aesthetics must be preserved with special attention to the façades
looking the main streets.
Windows located in the north and east façades are also protected by the
cultural heritage association, they are patented and specially protected.
The burden of massive elements such as AHU, accumulation tanks and
other heavy equipment is not going to be allowed on the rooftop due to its
structural condition and aesthetic preservation.
Stakeholder analysis, confirmed the intentions regarding the use in the
future of the building. No change of use or schedules and occupation are
expected and tackling thermal comfort on winter is the priority.
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A2PBA2PBEER– Affordable and Adaptable Public Buildings through Energy Efficient Retrofitting
Actions planned for envelope, windows, lightning,
heating and cooling
Heating Loads Reduction Cooling Loads Reduction
H1 Thermal insulation improvement C1 Shading elements
H1.1 Opaque elements thermal resistance C2 Roof insulation
Lighting Renewable Energies
L1 New LED luminaries R1 Solar PV contribution
L2 Brighter and more transparent interiors R2 Solar HW contribution
L3 Glare protection R3 Ground source heat pump
L4 Occupancy and daylight sensors
L5 Distribute light to darkest places
L6 Lighting focused on workspace
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A2PBA2PBEER– Affordable and Adaptable Public Buildings through Energy Efficient Retrofitting
Scenarios
L1 New LED luminaries →scn1 →scn1
GEN
GEN: Measures applied in the whole
CODE Applied technologies L2 Brighter and more
transparent interiors
→scn1 →scn1
building
NE
Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3
GF: Measures applied only in the ground
H1.1
GEN
ETICS →scn1 Air gap filling insulation L3 Glare protection louvers →scn1 →scn1 floor level
SW/NE
Floor slab in contact with →scn1 Floor slab in contact CY: Measures applied only in the
Opaque elements thermal
GF+CY
LIGHTING
basement will be insulated with basement will be L5 Occupancy and daylight →scn1 →scn1
sensors
from the top insulated from
courtyard
GEN
basement ceiling
VF with VIPs [A2PBEER®] in ETICS Air gap filling insulation
SW: Measures applied in the interior
SW
solar exposed façades
resistance
L6 LED + Natural light X X
luminaries [A2PBEER®]
Internal insulation with VIPs Air gap filling insulation →scn2
zones of the building, south and west
GEN
NE
[A2PBEER®]
old roof will be replaced better framework
Transparent elements thermal
SW/NE
Reversible windows facing →scn1 Low E new windows
south (and west in higher
SW
floors), low E new windows
for the rest
zones of the building, north an east
H3 Air handling units for X X
zones
performance
by new low E glazing interior glass with low
ACTIVE STRATEGIES
E glass (#3 location
SW/NE
coating)
H1.3 ETICS →scn1 X
PASSIVE STRATEGIES
Therm
bridge
GEN
al
rendering and rubber on mechanical ventilation
improvement
Air tightness
fenestrations with heat exchanger
Air heat‐recovery
Joint tapes on courtyard →scn1 →scn1
GF+CY
GF+CY
perimeter and more airtight
glazing system on the roof
summer exposed courtyard
roof area
HVAC
C4 Air handling units for X X
elements
Shading
X Shading elements on →scn2
south and west mechanical ventilation
SW
oriented fenestration with free cooling
technology
SW/NE
C2 Roof of the building will be →scn1 →scn1
COOLING LOADS REDUCTION
GEN
insulated from false ceiling
insulation
glazing
CY
GEN
courtyard hallway with free cooling
on
technology
GF+CY
thermal mass
CY
cooling
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A2PBA2PBEER– Affordable and Adaptable Public Buildings through Energy Efficient Retrofitting
Renewables
• solar photovoltaic system has been designed
• located on the rooftop of the building
• will avoid any possibility of aesthetic alteration from the main street perspectivethe
amount of useful energy generated by the solar PVs shall not exceed building
consumption capacity since selling to the grid is not currently profitable in Croatia
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A2PBA2PBEER– Affordable and Adaptable Public Buildings through Energy Efficient Retrofitting
Renewables
PV installation costs 61932,9 €
Material cost 56932,9 €
Installation 5000 €
Generated energy 28833 kWh/yr.
Auto consumed energy 94%
Annual base savings 3724,9 € until 2020
4838 € until 2030
Energy Costs (with taxes) until 2020 0,131 €/kWh
until 2030 0,172 €/kWh
RETURN 13 years
source: EU energy trends to 2030, taxes included
2.50
Monthly energy value in kWh/m2
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Energy demand 2.27 1.99 2.02 1.91 1.78 1.81 2.32 2.35 1.88 2.13 2.21 2.34
Generation 0.09 0.14 0.23 0.29 0.33 0.34 0.41 0.40 0.27 0.24 0.08 0.05
Consumed from the grid 2.18 1.86 1.80 1.64 1.48 1.48 1.92 1.99 1.63 1.91 2.13 2.29
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A2PBA2PBEER– Affordable and Adaptable Public Buildings through Energy Efficient Retrofitting
Scenario ‐ Results
Comparation of final energy consumption
180
160
140
120
kWh/m2 yr
100
50%
80
60 30%
40 18%
20 52% 52%
41%
0
Actual State Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3
Heating (Natural Gas) 165.21 29.81 50.24 82.85
Cooling (Electricity) 1.45 1.01 1.26 0.95
Lighting 16.47 6.83 8.66 8.66
Auxilliary energy 0.30 2.51 0.54 0.00
DHW (Electricity) 3.31 3.31 3.31 3.31
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A2PBA2PBEER– Affordable and Adaptable Public Buildings through Energy Efficient Retrofitting
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A2PBA2PBEER– Affordable and Adaptable Public Buildings through Energy Efficient Retrofitting
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A2PBA2PBEER– Affordable and Adaptable Public Buildings through Energy Efficient Retrofitting
Evaluation and Conclusion
Refurbishment have been analyzed during the planed project on:
– opaque elements,
– new windows or modification of actual windows,
– new luminaries and addition of control systems for lighting,
– air handling units
– an installation of renewable energy source
Constraints
– The cultural heritage protection,
– The poor compactness and its deterioration process
However deep retrofitting actions focused on passive elements on the building can be cost
effective and can lead to energy cuts between 59 and 70% (referred to Primary energy) compared
to preintervention status.
The followed systemic methodology allows decision making based on a multiple technical solution
scenarios and demonstrates that in some cases technologies developed within the A2PBEER with
high initial costs like internal solutions with VIP insulation panels are cost effective and feasible.
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A2PBA2PBEER– Affordable and Adaptable Public Buildings through Energy Efficient Retrofitting
Thank you for listening!
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research,
technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 609060.
The information in this presentation does not necessarily represent the view of the European
Commission.
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