HEAT TRANSFER

1) The amount of energy absorbed or released during a phase- change process.

a) Latent heat b) Latent heat of fusion

c) Latent heat of vaporization d) Latent heat of sublimation

2) The amount of energy absorbed during melting and is equivalent to the amount of energy
released during freezing.

a) Latent heat b) Latent heat of fusion

c) Latent of vaporization d) Latent heat of sublimation

3) Find the quantity of heat removed from each apple in W with the following data; m= 0.140
kg, Cp= 3600 J/ (kg. oC) where Tinitial= 25 oC, Tfinal= 2 oC, ▲t= 3h.

a) 1.07 Watts b) 1.03 Watts

c) 1.08 Watts d) 1.5 Watts

𝐽
* Q= (Cp) (m) (▲T) = (3600𝑘𝑔. ̊𝐶) (0.140 kg) (25 oC – 2 oC) = 11592 J
* By unit analysis, for Q to have W unit; where W= J/s
Q= 11592 J/ t
= 11592 J/ (3600 x 3) s
= 1.07 W

4) The amount of energy absorbed during vaporization and is equivalent to the energy released
during condensation.

a) Latent heat b) Latent heat of fusion

c) Latent heat of vaporization d) Latent heat of sublimation

5) A typical one- half carlot capacity banana room contains 18 pallets of bananas. Each pallet
consists of 24 boxes, and thus the room stores 432 boxes of bananas. A box holds and average
of 19 kg of bananas and is made of 2.4 kg of fireboard. The specific heat of banana and the
fireboard are 3.55 KJ/ (kg oC) and 1.7 KJ/ (kg oC) respectively. The peak heat of respiration of
bananas is 0.3 W/kg. The bananas are cooled at a rate of 0.2 oC/ h. Disregarding any heat gain
through the walls or other surfaces, determine the required rate of heat removal from the
banana room.

a) 4175 W b) 94 W

c) 1619 W d)

* mbanana= (19 kg/box) (432 boxes) = 8208 kg

* mbox= (2.4 kg/box) (432 boxes) = 1036.8 kg

* Deriving formulas by unit analysis, to come up with W unit;

a) Qresp= (mbanana) (heat respiration of banana)

Qresp = (8208 kg) (0.3 W/kg) = 2462.4 W

b) Qbanana= (mbanana) (sp. heat of banana) (cooling rate of banana)

Qbanana= (8208 kg) (3.55 KJ/kg oC) (0.2 oC/ h) = 5827.68 KJ/h
1ℎ
= (5827.68 KJ/h) (3600 𝑠)

= 1618.8 W

c) Qbox= (mbox) (sp. heat of fireboard) (cooling rate of banana)

Qbox= (1036.8 kg) (1.7 KJ/kg oC) (0.2 oC/ h) = 352.51 KJ/h
1ℎ
= (352.51 KJ/h) (3600 𝑠)

= 97.92 W

* Q= Qresp + Qbanana + Qbox = 2462.4 W + 1618.8 W + 97.9 W = 4179.12 W ≈ 4175 W

6) One (1) calorie is the same as:

a) 4.1868 J b) 4.1868 KJ

c) 4.6818 J d) 4.6818 KJ

7) The specific heat of a material is given in a strange unit to be c= 3.60 KJ/ (kg oF). The specific
of this material in the SI unit of KJ/ (kg oC) is?

a) 2.00 KJ/ (kg oC) b) 4.80 KJ/ (kg oC)

c) 3.20 KJ/ (kg oC) d) 6.48 KJ/ (kg oC)

8) A supply of 50 kg of chicken at 6 oC contained in a box is to be frozen to 18 oC in a freezer.

Determine the amount of heat that needs to be removed. The latent heat of the chicken is 247
KJ/kg, and its specific heat is 3.32 KJ/ (kg oC) above freezing and 1.77 KJ/ (kg oC) below freezing.
The container box is 1.5 kg, and the specific heat of the box material is 1.4 KJ/ (kg oC). Also, the
freezing temperature of chicken is -2.8 oC.

a) 1461 KJ b) 12350 KJ

c) 151206 KJ d) 1345 KJ

solution:

cooling fresh chicken from 6℃ to − 2.8℃

Q = mcp ∆T = (50 kg)(3.32 kJ⁄kg. ℃) ((6 − (−2.8))℃) = 1461kJ

freezing chicken at − 2.8℃

Q = mhlatent = (50kg)(247 kJ⁄kg) = 12350kJ

cooling frozen chicken from − 2.8℃ to − 18℃

Q = mcp ∆T = (50kg)(1.77 kJ⁄kg. ℃)(−2.8 − (−18))℃) = 1345kJ

cooling the box from 6℃ to − 18℃

Q = mcp ∆T = (1.5kg)(1.4 kJ⁄kg. ℃)(6 − (−18))℃) = 50 kJ

Qtotal = 1461kJ + 12350kJ + 1345kJ + 50kJ = 𝟏𝟓𝟐𝟎𝟔𝐤𝐉

9) Device that converts heat to work.

a) Heat engine b) Diesel engine

c) Gasoline engine d) Cyclic engine

10) The fraction of the heat input that is converted to network output is a measure of the
performance of a heat engine.

a) Thermal efficiency b) Coefficient of performance

c) Heating efficiency d) Conversion efficiency

11) Heat is transferred to a heat engine from a furnace at a rate of 80 MW. If the rate of waste
rejection to a nearby river is 50 MW, determine the net power output and the thermal
efficiency for this heat engine.

a) 30 MW and 37.5 % b) 50 MW and 47.5 %

c) 80 MW and 57.5 % d) 90 MW and 137.5 %

* W= QH – QL= 80 MW – 50 MW= 30 MW

* e= 1 – (QL /QH) = 1 – (50 MW / 80 MW) = 0.375 or 37.5 %

12) A device that transfer from a low temperature medium to a high temperature one. Its
objective is to remove heat from the refrigerated space.

a) Heat engine b) Refrigerator

c) Air conditioner d) Condenser

13) The efficiency of a refrigerator is expressed in terms of?

a) Refrigerator’s efficiency b) Coefficient of performance

c) Cooling efficiency d) Freezing efficiency

14) Device that transfer heat from a low temperature medium to a high temperature medium.

a) Heat engine b) Heat pump

c) Refrigerator d) Heat conductor

15) A heat pump is used to meet the heating requirement of a house and maintain it at 20 oC.
On a day when the outdoor air temperature drops to 2 oC, the house is estimated to lose heat
at a rate of 80, 000 KJ/ h. If the heat pump under these conditions has COP of 2.5, determine
the power consumed by the heat pump.

a) 32, 000 KJ/ h b) 80, 000 KJ/ h

c) 80, 000 KJ/ h d) 46, 000 KJ/ h

𝐾𝐽 𝐾𝐽 𝑲𝑱
* W= QH – QL = 80000 - 48000 = 32000
ℎ ℎ 𝒉

16) A heat pump is used to meet the heating requirement of a house and maintain it at 20 oC.
On a day when the outdoor air temperature drops to 2 oC, the house is estimated to lose heat
at a rate of 80, 000 KJ/ h. If the heat pump under these conditions has COP of 2.5, determine
the rate at which heat is absorbed from the cold outdoor air.

a) 48, 000 KJ/ h b) 32, 000 KJ/ h

c) 46, 000 KJ/ h d) 76, 000 KJ/ h

* COPHP= QH / (QH – QL)

𝐾𝐽 𝐾𝐽 𝑲𝑱
QL= QH - (QH / COPHP) = 80000 - (80000 / 2.5) = 48000
ℎ ℎ 𝒉

17) A household refrigerator with a COP of 1.2 removes heat from the refrigerated space at a
rate of 60 KJ/ min. Determine the electric power consumed by the refrigerator.

a) 0.83 KW, 110 KJ/min b) 0.56 KW, 10 KJ/min

c) 0.83 KW, 10 KJ/min d) 0.48 KW, 60 KJ/min

 * COPR= QL / (QH – QL); where W= QH – QL
𝐾𝐽 𝐾𝐽
W= QL / COPR = 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛 / 1.2 = 50 𝑚𝑖𝑛

𝐾𝐽 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛
= (50𝑚𝑖𝑛) ( ) = 0.83 W
60 𝑠

* W= QH – QL
𝐾𝐽 𝐾𝐽 𝑲𝑱
QH= W + QL = 50 𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 110 𝒎𝒊𝒏

18) A household refrigerator with a COP of 1.2 removes heat from the refrigerated space at a
rate of 60 KJ/ min. Determine the rate of heat transfer to the kitchen.

a) 110 KJ/min b) 10 KJ/min

c) 10 KJ/min d) 60 KJ/min

* !!! Solution at number 17…

19) An air conditioner removes heat steadily from a house at a rate of 750 KJ/ min while
drawing electric power at a rate of 6 KW. Determine the COP of this air conditioner.

a) 2.83 b) 2.08

c) 2.01 d) 1.62
𝐾𝐽 60 𝑠 𝑲𝑱
* W= (6 ) ( 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ) = 360
𝑠 𝒎𝒊𝒏

* COPR= QL / W; where W= QH - QL
𝐾𝐽 𝐾𝐽
= 750 𝑚𝑖𝑛 / 360 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 2.08

20) An air conditioner removes heat steadily from a house at a rate of 750 KJ/ min while
drawing electric power at a rate of 6 KW. Determine the rate of heat transfer to the outside air.

a) 1120 KJ/ min b) 1110 KJ/ min

c) 2110 KJ/ min d) 1.62 KJ/ min

 * W= QH – QL
𝐾𝐽 𝐾𝐽 𝑲𝑱
QH= W + QL = 750 𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 360 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 1110 𝒎𝒊𝒏

21) A heat pump is used to maintain a house at a constant temperature of 23 oC. The house is
losing heat to the outside air through the walls and the windows at a rate of 60, 000 KJ/ h while
the energy generated within the house from people, light, and appliances amounts to 4000 KJ/
h. For a COP of 2.5, determine the required power input to the heat pump.

a) 6.22 KW b) 2.62 KW

c) 12.0 KW d) 32.0 KW
𝐾𝐽 𝐾𝐽 𝑲𝑱
* QH= 60000 - 4000 = 56000
ℎ ℎ 𝒉

* COPHP= QH / (QH – QL); where W= QH – QL

𝐾𝐽 𝐾𝐽
W= QH / COPHP = 56000 / 2.5 = 22400
ℎ ℎ

𝐾𝐽 1ℎ
= (22400 ) (3600 𝑠) = 6.22 KW
ℎ

22) Transfer of energy from the more energetic particles of a substance to the adjacent less
energetic ones as a result of interactions between the particles and it can take place in either
solid, liquid, or gases.

a) Conduction b) Convection

c) Radiation d) Natural and forced convection

23) In conductive heat transfer at a constant temperature difference more heat is transferred
when the thickness of the conducting body is?

a) Increases b) Decreases

c) Constant d) Change in size

24) It is the measure of the ability of a material to conduct heat.

a) Thermal conductivity b) Coefficient of heat transfer

c) Emissivity d) Convection heat transfer coefficient

25) Mode of energy transfer between a solid surface and the adjacent liquid or gas that is in
motion, and it involves the combined effects of conduction and fluid motion.

a) Conduction b) Convection

c) Radiation d) Natural convection

26) Mode of heat transfer where energy is emitted by matter in the form of electromagnetic
waves (or photons) as a result of the changes in the electronic configurations of the atoms or
molecules.

a) Conduction b) Convection

c) Radiation d) Wave energy

27) In conductive heat transfer at a constant temperature difference, more heat is transferred
when the area of the conducting body is?

a) Becomes smaller b) Becomes wider

c) Remains the same d) Change in structure

28) Consider a person standing in a breezy room at 20 oC. Determine the total area of heat
transfer from this person if the exposed surface area and the average outer surface
temperature of the person are 1.5 m2 and 29 oC respectively, and the convection heat transfer
coefficient is 6 W/ (m2 oC).

a) 168.1 W b) 81.7 W

c) 86.4 W d) 88.0 W
 * At= 1.5 m2

* Qconv= (h) (A) (▲T) = (6 W/m2 oC) (1.5 m2) (29 oC - 20 oC) = 86.4 W

29) For heat transfer purposes, a standing man can be modeled as a 30 cm diameter, 170 cm
long vertical cylinder will both the top and bottom surfaces insulated and with the side surfaces
at an average temperature of 34 oC. For a convection heat transfer coefficient of 15 W/ (m2 oC),
determine the rate of heat loss from this man by convection in an environment at 20 oC.

a) 336W b) 363 W

c) 633 W d) 636 W

* A= 2∏rh = (2) (∏) (0.3 / 100) (1.7) = 1.60 m2

* Qconv= (h) (A) (▲T) = (15 W/m2 oC) (1.60 m2) (34 oC - 20 oC) = 336 W

30) The heat energy required to raise the temperature of unit mass of a substance by 1 oC.

a) Specific pressure b) Calorific value

c) Specific heat d) Specific volume

31) The amount of heat transmitted in unit time across unit area through unit thickness for unit
temperature change.

a) Thermal conductivity b) Specific heat

c) Latent heat d) Heat balance

32) The idealized surface that emits radiation at this maximum rate or hypothetical body
capable of absorbing all radiation at the maximum rate for a given temperature.

a) Black Body b) Hypothetical body

c) Plain body d) White body

33) The inner and outer body surfaces at a 0.5 cm thick, 2 m by 2 m window glass in winter are
10 oC and 3 oC respectively. If the thermal conductivity of the glass is 0.78 W/ (m oC), determine
the amount of heat loss, in KJ, through the glass over a period of 5 h. What would your answer
be if the glass were 1 cm thick?

a) 78, 600 KJ b) 76, 800 KJ

c) 70, 608 KJ d) 70, 806 KJ

* k= Qt / A▲T; where k= thermal conductivity

Q= kA▲T / t = (0.78 W/ m oC) (4 m2) (7 oC) / (0.5/100) = 4368 W

𝐽
= 4368 x (5 x 3600) s
𝑠

= 78624 KJ or 78600 KJ

* If t= 1cm, then:

Q= kA▲T / t = (0.78 W/ m oC) (4 m2) (7 oC) / (1/100) = 2184 W

𝐽
= 2184 x (5 x 3600) s
𝑠

= 39312 KJ

34) A 5 cm diameter spherical ball whose surface is maintained at a temperature of 70 oC is

suspended in the middle of a room at 20 oC. If the convection heat transfer coefficient is 15 W/
(m2 oC) and the emissivity of the surface is 0.8, determine the total rate of heat transfer from
the ball.

a) 2.8 W b) 8.2 W

c) 82 W d) 28 W
𝟏
* A= ∏d2 = (∏) (5/100)2 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎 ∏ m2

1
* Qconv= hA▲T = (15 W/ m oC) (400 ∏ m2) (70 oC – 20 oC) = 5.89 W

1
* Qrad= ԑϬA (Ts4 - Tsrr4) = (0.8) (5.67 x 10 -8 W/ m K) (400 ∏ m2) (50 K) = 2.31 W

* Qt= Qconv + Qrad = 5.89 W + 2.31 W = 8.2 W

35) An aluminum pan whose thermal conductivity is 237 W/ (m oC) has a flat bottom whose
diameter is 20 cm and thickness 0.4 cm. Heat is transferred steadily to boiling water in the pan
through its bottom at a rate of 500 W. If the inner surface of the bottom of the pan is 105 oC ,
determine the temperature of the outer surface of the bottom of the pan.

a) 103.5 oC b) 105.3 oC

c) 135.0 oC d) 153.0 oC

* A= ∏d2 / 4 = (∏) (20/100)2 / 4 = 0.03 m2

* k= Qt / A▲T; ▲T= T1 – T2
0.4
𝑄𝑡 (500)( )
T1= T2 + = 105 oC + (237)(0.03) = 105.28 oC or 105.3 oC
100
𝑘𝐴

36) Hot air at 80 oC is blown over a 2m x 4m flat surface at 30 oC. If the convection heat transfer
coefficient is 55 W/ (m2 oC), determine the rate of the heat transfer from the air to the plate, in
KW.

a) 22 KW b) 11 KW

c) 21 KW d)

* Qconv= hA▲T = (55 W/ m2 oC) (8 m2) (80 oC - 30 oC) = 22000 W or 22 KW

37) A furnace wall of 1 m2 consists of 1.2 cm thick stainless steel inner layer covered with 5 cm
outside insulation layer of insulation board. The inside surface temperature of the steel is 800 K
and the outside surface temperature of the insulation board is 350 K. The thermal conductivity
of the stainless steel is 19 W/ (m K) and the thermal conductivity of the insulation board is 0.7
W/ (m K).

a) 6425 W b) 6245 W

c) 6545 W d) 6365 W

* k= Qt / A▲T

Q= ▲TA / (t ÷ k)
(𝑇1−𝑇2)(𝐴) (800−350)(1)
Q= (𝑡1 ÷𝑘1)+ (𝑡2 ÷𝑘2) = (0.012 ÷ 19)+ (0.05 ÷0.7) = 6245 W
38) 1000 W iron is left on the ironing board with its base exposed to the air at 20 oC. The
convection heat transfer coefficient between the base surface and the surrounding air is 35 W/
(m2 K). If the base has an emissivity of 0.6 and a surface area of 0.02 m2, determine the
temperature of the base of the iron.

a) 947 K b) 479 K

c) 749 K d) 497 K

* Q= Qconv + Qrad; where Qconv= hA▲T, Qrad= ԑϬA (Ts4 – Tsrr4)

Q= (hA▲T) + (ԑϬA (Ts4 – Tsrr4))

Q= A {h▲T + ԑϬ (Ts4 – Tsrr4)}

1000= (0.02) {(35) (T – 293) + (0.6) (5.67 x 10-8) (T4 – 2934)}

T= 947 K

39) A thin metal plate is insulated on the back and exposed to solar radiation on the front
surface. The exposed surface of the plate has an absorptivity of 0.6 for solar radiation. If solar
radiation is incident on the plate at a rate of 700 W/m2 and the surrounding air temperature is
25 oC, determine the surface temperature of the plate when the heat loss by convection equals
the solar energy absorbed by the plate. Assume the convection heat transfer coefficient to be
50 W/ (m2 oC), and disregard heat loss by radiation.

a) 34.3 oC b) 43.3 oC

c) 33.4 oC d) 33.3 oC

* QIRA= ἁQ; where ἁ= absorptivity, and SRA= incident radiation absorbed

* Since no area mentioned in the problem the heat loss by convection would be;
Qconv= h▲T

* QIRA= Qconv; where heat loss by radiation is disregarded

ἁQ= h (Ts – TSrr)

W
ἁQ (0.6)(700 )
Ts= TSrr + = 25 oC + m2
= 33.4 oC
W
ℎ 50
m2 C
40) A 5 cm external diameter, 10 m long hot-water pipe at 80 oC is losing heat to the
surrounding air at 5 oC by natural convection with a heat transfer coefficient of 25 W/ (m2 oC).
Determine the rate of heat loss from the pipe by natural convection, in KW.

a) 2.95 KW b) 2.59 KW

c) 5.92 KW d) 5.29 KW
2.5 𝟏
* A= 2∏rL= (2) (∏) (100) (10) = 𝟐 ∏ m2

1
* Qconv= hA▲T = (25 W/ m2 oC) (2 ∏ m2) (80 oC - 5 oC) = 2.95 KW

41) The outer surface of a spacecraft in a space has an emissivity of 0.8 and an absorptivity of
0.3 for solar radiation. If the solar radiation is incident on the spacecraft at a rate of 1000 W/m 2,
determine the surface temperature of the spacecraft when the radiation emitted equals the
solar energy absorbed.

a) 285 K b) 258 K

c) 825 K d) 852 K

* Tsrr= 3 K; the average temperature the spacecraft radiates heat to space

* Qin= ἁQ; where ἁ= absorptivity

Qin= (0.3) (1000 W/m2) = 300 W/m2

* Since no area mentioned in the problem Qrad would be:

Qrad= ԑϬ(Ts4 – TSrr4)

* Qin= Qrad

Qin = ԑϬ(Ts4 – TSrr4)

Qin 1/4 (300)
Ts= (TSrr4 + ) = (3K4 + (0.8)(5.67 x 10 )1/4 = 285.18 K
−8 )
ԑϬ

42) A hollow spherical iron container whose outer diameter is 20 cm and thickness is 0.4 cm is
filled with iced water at 0 oC. If the outer surface temperature is 5 oC, determine the
approximate rate of heat loss from the sphere, and the rate at which ice melts in the container.
 a) 0.038 kg/s b) 0.308 kg/s

c) d) 0.380 kg/s

* hf= 333.7 KJ/kg; where hf is the heat fusion

* A= ∏d2 = (∏) (20/100)2 = 0.126 m2

* Thermal conductivity constant of iron is 80.2 W/m.K

* Qcond= kA(▲T) = (80.2 W/m.K) (0.126 m2) (5K) = 50.53 W.m

* Cancelling out m;

Qcond= (50.53 W.m) / 0.004 m = 12632.5 W or 12.63 KW

12.63 𝐾𝐽/𝑠
* rateice= (Qcond) / (hf) = 333.7 𝐾𝐽/𝑘𝑔 = 0.038 kg/s

43) The inner and outer glasses of a 2m x 2m double pane windows are at 18 oC and 6 oC
respectively. If the 1 cm space between the two glasses is filled with still air, determine the rate
of heat transfer through the window, in KW.

a) 125 KW b) 152 KW

c) 215 KW d) 521 KW

* kair= 0.026 W/m oC

* k= Qt / A▲T

Q= kA▲T / t = (0.026 W/m oC) (4 m2) (12 oC) / 0.01 m = 125 KW

44) Two surfaces of a 2 cm thick plate are maintained at 0 oC and 100 oC respectively. If it is
determined that heat is transferred through the plate at a rate of 500 W/m 2, determine its
thermal conductivity.

a) 0.1 W/ oC b) 0.2 W/ oC

c) 0.3 W/ oC d) 0.4 W/ oC

*Since no area mentioned on the problem, the k formula would be;

 k= Qt / ▲T
𝑾
k= (500 W/m2) (0.02) / (100 oC - 0 oC) = 0.1 ̊𝑪

45) The inner and outer surfaces of a brick wall are maintained at specified temperatures. The
rate of heat transfer through the wall is to be determined. Given ▲T= (20 – 5) oC, A= 30 m2, k=
0.69 W/m oC, t= 0.3 m

a) 1, 035 W b) 1, 305 W

c) 1, 350 W d) 1, 530 W

* Q= kA▲T / t = (0.69 W/m oC) (30 m2) (15 oC) / 0.3 m = 1035 W

46) The front of a slab of lead (k= 35 W/ (m K)) is kept at 110 oC and the back is kept at 50 oC. If
the area of the slab is 0.4 m2 and it is 0.03 m thick compute the heat flux, q and the heat
transfer rate, Q.

a) 28 KW b) 82 KW

c) 2.8 KW d) 8.2 KW

* q= - (k / t) (Ti - To) = - [(35 W/m K) / 0.03 m] (50 oC - 110 oC) = 70000 W/m2

* Q= qA = (70000 W/m2) (0.4 m2) = 28000 W or 28 KW

47) The wall of a house , 7 m wide and 6 m high is made from 0.3 m thick brick with k= 0.6 W/
(m K). The surface temperature on the inside wall is 16 oC and that on the outside is 6 oC. Find
the heat flux through the wall and the total heat loss through it.

a) 840 W b) 820 W

c) 804 W d) 802 W

* q= - (k / t) (Ti - To) =- [(0.6 W/m K) / 0.3 m] (16 oC - 6 oC) = - 20 W/m2

* Q= qA = (- 20 W/m2) (7 m x 6 m) = - 840 W

= 840 W heat flux from inside to outside

48) In radiation heat transfer, the characteristics of the body either emit or absorbed the
incoming heat from the source. For a black body, the emissivity is.

a) 1 b) 0

c) -1 d) -2