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Sr. Project Manager / Keysight Technologies
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eMBB
10-20 Gbps peak
100 Mbps whenever needed
10000x more traffic
Macro and small cells
Support for high mobility
(500 km/h)
Network energy saving by
100 times
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D AT A T H R O U G H P U T E N H A N C E M E N T
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P R O PA G AT I O N C O N D I T I O N S
Tx Rx
Antenna A Antenna B
The relation between the transmitted power in A and the received power in B is given by
the Friis Transmission Formula:
Propagation losses
Can be used to increase
Prx (limited)
Can be used to
increase Prx
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EPC 5GC
gNB /
eNodeB
ng-eNB
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Master Node
Secondary Node
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Master Node
Secondary Node
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EPC 5GC
eNodeB gNB
Option1 Option2
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EPC 5GC
eNodeB gNB
gNB
Option3
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Option7
EPC
5GC 5GC
eNodeB gNB
gNB
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EPC
5GC 5GC
eNodeB gNB
gNB
Option2
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EUTRAN (master) + NR (second) EPC
eNodeB en-gNB
gNB
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n7 (Band) 7 (Band) XII
NR LTE WCDMA
65 to 256 is reserved
for new LTE and new
NR bands in FR1
For FR2, the table will only contain unpaired frequency ranges,
assuming that there will be no FDD operation
EPC
NR
CA
LTE
N77+N78
CA
band1 +band 2
eNodeB gNB
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Source : R4-1713189 by NTT Docomo
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E X A M P L E O F S U P P L E M E N TA R Y U P L I N K
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E X A M P L E O F S U P P L E M E N TA R Y U P L I N K
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NOT A NEW IDEA
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W AV E F O R M , N U M E R O L O G Y A N D F R A M E S T R U C T U R E
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W AV E F O R M , N U M E R O L O G Y A N D F R A M E S T R U C T U R E
𝒎𝒊𝒏,𝝁 𝒎𝒂𝒙,𝝁
µ Δf 𝑵𝑹𝑩 𝑵𝑹𝑩 Max transmission BW
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W AV E F O R M , N U M E R O L O G Y A N D F R A M E S T R U C T U R E
𝒎𝒊𝒏,𝝁 𝒎𝒂𝒙,𝝁
µ Δf 𝑵𝑹𝑩 𝑵𝑹𝑩 Max transmission BW
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For E-UTRA, the channel bandwidth related to the transmit and
receive bandwidths of both the BS and all of the UEs with
Channel bandwidth which the BS communicates.
UE Channel bandwidth
BS Channel bandwidth
BWP # 1 BWP # 2
BWP RRC-layer
config
BWP # 1 BWP # 1
BWP # 1 BWP # 2
SCell
BWP # 2
BWP # 1 BWP # 1
BWP swit ch by BWP swit ch by
Scell Act ivat ion DCI
DCI
CONNECTED
R O U G H C A L C U L AT I O N
• Throughput = (TBS : Transport Block Size) / (TTI :Time Transmission Internal ) subframe ,
N symb OFDM Sym bols
𝒎𝒊𝒏,𝝁 𝒎𝒂𝒙,𝝁 k 0
µ Δf 𝑵𝑹𝑩 𝑵𝑹𝑩 Max transmission BW ...
...
0 15 kHz 20 275 49.5
1 30 kHz 20 275 99
2 60 kHz 20 275
subcarriers
198 ...
subcarriers
3 120 kHz 20 275 396
RB
sc
N
4 240 kHz 20 138 397.44
·N scRB
Resource Elem ent
Resource Block
N RB
• Number of RE (Resource element ) = 12 * 14 = 168 ...
• Number of RE in 400M BW = 168* 275 = 46200
• Number of information bits = 46200 * 8(256QAM) * 8(8*8 MIMO) = 2956800 bits ...
...
k N RB
max
·N scRB 1
l 0 l 14·2 1
Ref: 3gpp 38.211 37
Number of OFDM Symbols Number of Slots per Number of Slots per Frame
Subcarrier Spacing (µ) 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒,𝜇 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒,𝜇
per Slot (𝑁𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑏 ) Subframe (𝑁𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡 ) (𝑁𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡 )
0 14 1 10
15 kHz 1 ms 1 slot x 1 ms = 1 ms 10 ms
1 14 2 20
30 kHz 500 µs 2 slots x 500 µs = 1 ms 10 ms
2 14 4 40
60 kHz (normal CP) 250 µs 4 slots x 250 µs = 1 ms 10 ms
2 12 4 40
60 kHz (extended CP) 250 µs 4 slots x 250 µs = 1 ms 10 ms
3 14 8 80
120 kHz 125 µs 8 slots x 125 µs = 1 ms 10 ms
4 14 16 160
240 kHz 62.5 µs 16 slots x 62.5 µs = 1 ms 10 ms
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Ref: 3gpp 38.211
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Ref: 3gpp 38.214
HOW MANY RE IN THE SLOT?
is the number of REs for DM-RS per PRB in the scheduled duration including the overhead of the DM-RS
CDM groups indicated by DCI format 1_0/1_1 N
Antenna A Antenna B
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• Beamforming technology has been widely
used for dedicated (UE specific)
channels/signals including PDSCH
beamforming and CSI-RS beamforming so far
in the current LTE releases.
• Coverage extension obtained through the use
of beamforming is directly correlated to its
array gain.
• For the transmission of cell specific
channels/signals, e.g. PBCH, SIB, CRS, PSS,
SSS and PDCCH, beamforming is another
potential method to overcome the high
propagation loss in NR.
REF: Huawei, HiSilicon, “Coverage Issues of Massive MIMO in NR”, R1-164372, Nanjing, China, May 23-27, 2016
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Due to possible UE movement, UE rotation and blocking, the directional beam pairs should be
updated from time to time to maintain the link quality between TRP and UE
Frequency
Frequency
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Time Time
• Beam acquisition and tracking
• Beam refinement
• Beam feedback
• Beam switch
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BEAM ACQUISITION AND TRACKING
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BEAM REFINEMENT
• In the beam acquisition procedure, the best direction for the 5GNB to transmit and the UE to
receive is determined.
• In the beam refinement procedure, the wider beam (direction) is narrowed down (refined) by the
5GNB transmitting narrower beams only in the direction determined in the beam acquisition
procedure.
Control Beam
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BEAM FEEDBACK
• BSI is based on
measurements of BRS, and
the reported parameters are
Beam Index (BI) and Beam
Reference Signal Received
Power (BRSRP).
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BEAM FEEDBACK
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BEAM SWITCH
• DCI-based procedure
• MAC-CE-based procedure
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5 G P R O T O C O L R & D T O O L S E T - L 1 / L 2 / L 3 PA R A M E T E R S R E A D / E D I T I N R E A L T I M E
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5G PROTOCOL TOOLSET - LOG VIEWER
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5 G P R O T O C O L R & D T O O L S E T - K E Y P E R F. I N D I C AT O R S
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5G RF DVT TOOLSET
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5 G R F D V T T O O L S E T – T E S T A U T O M AT I O N
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5 G R F D V T T O O L S E T – T E S T A U T O M AT I O N
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EXAMPLE FROM VERIZON WIRELESS 5G LAB
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jian-hua_wu@keysight.com
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