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SSC
Unavoidable in
Hydrogen Charging
Aqueous corrosion Wet Sour Service
in the presence of H2S
Codes, Standards, Best Practices
• Welding codes generally do not address sour service
welding requirements directly
• Sour service welding requirements come from code of
construction such as CSA Z662, ASME B31.4, ASME
B31.8
• Most construction codes point to NACE MR0175/ISO
15156 “Materials for use in H2S-containing environments
in oil and gas production.”
• Material recommendations for carbon and low alloy steels as well
as corrosion-resistant alloys.
• Also includes recommendations for qualification of welding
procedures.
• Most Pipeline Companies have supplementary welding
requirements for sour service (hardness, CE, testing, etc.)
NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 Hardness
Survey
Figure 3: NACE MR0175-2 Figure 2 – Butt-weld survey method for Vickers hardness measurement
NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 Hardness
Survey With Supplementary Testing
• In-Service Welding
• Accelerated cooling due to presence of fluid inside pipe can drastically affect
properties including hardness.
• Special procedure qualification under conservative cooling conditions is
required.
• Qualification of sour-service welding procedures for pipelines containing liquid
or flowing gas is difficult.
Additional Tools – Weld Models
• Thermal-Microstructural Prediction Models for Weld &
HAZ Hardness
• Empirically-derived algorithms
• Neural networks combining various models and data sets
• Algorithms typically based on chemistry (base metal and
filler metal), and a thermodynamically determined time-
temperature parameter, tyically t8-5
• Some models commonly used in industry include:
• Yurioka
• Lorens & Duren
• Proprietary Neural Networks (Tenaris Tenweld, etc.)
• Good correlation but watch out for standard deviation!
Additional Tools – Weld Models
293 HV 300 HV
265 HV
389 HV
• 10X
magnification
may not find
small SCC
cracks.
• Etching and
200X or higher
magnification
may be required
to find cracks in
local hard zones.
Figure 11: SSC Cracks, 200X Magnification2
References
1) “Effects of Steelmaking, Alloying and Rolling Variables on the HAZ Structure and Properties in
Microalloyed Plate and Linepipe.” C. Shiga of Kawasaki, from Proceedings "The Metallurgy,
Welding and Qualification of Microalloyed (HSLA) Steel Weldments," Chairman Malcolm Gray,
1990, pg 327‐350c.
2) “Sulfide Stress Cracking Susceptibility of Local Hard Zones in Weld Heat Affected Zones.” B.
Crowder & S.Mishael. Chevron ETC TD439 PRJ06.