Written by dr.

Andriansyah Karnanda

TOEFL
(Structure and Written Expression)

TENSE PRESENT PAST FUTURE

Simple V1 V2 Will + V1
(everyday, every morning, (yesterday, last week, last (tomorrow, nest week, next
today, nowadays) year, a month) month, next year, etc)

- I go to Surabaya - I went to Bali - I will go to Bandung

today Yesterday next week

Continuous BE 1 (is,am,are) + BE 2 (was, were) + (Will/Shall) Be + V ing

Ving Ving
(….at this time)
(now, at the moment, at (when, while) (… next week)
present, tonight) (until + S + V1)
Mendeskripsikan hal
Mendeskripsikan hal Mendeskripsikan suatu
yang terjadi waktu
yang terjadi saat ini peristiwa yang akan
lampau hingga saat ini
masih berlangsung sedang berlangsung
ketika kegiatan lain pada waktu yang akan
menginterupsi datang

- I am studying - I was making - I will be coming

english now dinner when she tomorrow
arrived - The guests will be
- Adam was talking arriving at this time
to the policeman tomorrow
while her wife was
crying
 Written by dr. Andriansyah Karnanda

Perfect S+Have / Has V3 S+ Had V3 Before S+V2 Will Have V3

After+ S + Had + V3
Having + V3
(since) ……..
(for)……….. ( by this time)
(already)…… (by June)
( before/after) (by next year)
(just)……
(by 2025)
(when S + V1)
(before…)

- Rina has just - I had done - I will have

returned from homework before I graduated from UI
school went out of the by the end of the
- They have lived house June
in Java for 25 - After I had done - She will have left for
years homework, I went Jakarta when you
- She has got out of the house come back
married to Rico - Having done
since 1990 homework, I went
out of the house

Perfect S + (Have/has) + S + Had Been + V ing S + (will/shall) + Have

Continuous
been + V ing been + V ing

(since…….)
(before ……..for……) (…..for three hours at that
(For……)
time)
(….two hours by six o’clock)
(…..the whole time)
(…..too long by that time)

- I have been - Samson had been - I will have been

learning English working at PT teaching here for
since 1997 Freeport for 2 years fifteen years this
- The mechanic has before he died years
been repairing - My daughters will
his car for five have been sleeping
hours for three hours by
the time I get home
Written by dr. Andriansyah Karnanda