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  • Mark Dvoretsky & Artur Yusupov - Technique For The Tournament Player Unedited)

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    Batsford Chess Library Technique for the Tournament Player by Mark Dvoretsky and Artur Yusupov. First published in the United States in 1995 by Henry Holt and company, Inc. Originally published in Great Britain in 1995 by b.t. Batsford.

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    Batsford Chess Library Technique for the Tournament Player by Mark Dvoretsky and Artur Yusupov. First published in the United States in 1995 by Henry Holt and company, Inc. Originally published in Great Britain in 1995 by b.t. Batsford.

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    2K visualizações121 páginas

    Mark Dvoretsky & Artur Yusupov - Technique For The Tournament Player Unedited)

    Enviado por

    Darniel ng
    Batsford Chess Library Technique for the Tournament Player by Mark Dvoretsky and Artur Yusupov. First published in the United States in 1995 by Henry Holt and company, Inc. Originally published in Great Britain in 1995 by b.t. Batsford.

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    Hila Batsford Chess Library Technique for the Tournament Player Mark Dvoretsky and Artur Yusupov With a contribution from Vladimir Vulfson Translated by Steven Lovell ® An Owl Book Henry Holt and Company *22 eed New York aatOLS Henry Holt and Company, Inc. Publishers since 1866 115 West 18th Street New York, New York 10011 Henry Holt® is a registered trademark of Henry Holt and Company, Inc. Copyright © 1995 by Mark Dvoretsky and Artur Yusupov All rights reserved, First published in the United States in 1995 by Henry Holt and Company, Inc. Originally published in Great Britain in 1995 by B.T. Batsford Ltd. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 94-72757 ISBN 0-8050-3900-7 (An Ow! Book: pbk.) First American Edition—1995 Printed in the United Kingdom Ail first editions are printed on acid-free paper-o wW98 7654321 Editorial Panel: Mack Dvoretsky, John Nunn, Jon Speeiman General Adviser: Raymond Keene OBE Managing Editor: Graham Burgess Contents Symbols 4 Preface (Mark Dvoretsky) 3 Part 1: Theory of the Endgame 1 How to Study the Endgame (Mark Dvoretsky) 1 2 Improving your Technique (Mark Dvoretsky) 7 3 Theory and Practice of Rook Endgames (Mark Dvoretsky, Artur Yasupov) 44 4 From the Simple to the Complex: the theory of ‘endgames with opposite-coloured bishops (Mark Dvoretsky) 9 Part 2: Endgame Analysis 5 Typical positions with Rooks and connected passed pawns (Vladimir Vulfson) 102 6 Adventures on Resumption Day (Mark Dvoretsky) 114 7 Knight Solo (or what pure horsepower is capable of) (Artur Yusupov) 120 Part 3: Technique 8 Exploiting an Advantage (Mark Dvoretsky) 128 9 Techniques of Grandmaster Play (Artur Yusupov) 178 10 The Lessons of one Endgame (Mark Dvoreisky) 185 11 Analysis of a Game (Artur Yasupov, Mark Dvoretsky) 195 Part4 12 Examples from Games by Pupils of the Schoot (Artur Yusupov) 214 Index of Analysts and Commentators 235 Index of Games 237 Index of Studies, 240 Symbols !! Excellent move ! Good move 12 Interesting move 21 Dubious move 2 Badmove 2 Blunder + Check’ ++ — Double check Win White to play and win Draw White to play and draw = White to play draws; Black to play loses 1s White to play loses; Black to play draws += White to play wins; Black to play draws W White to play B Black to play Ch Championship Weh World Championship {D) Diagram follows Preface Mark Dvyoretsky You may already be acquainted with the first two books based on ‘material from the Dvoretsky-Yusu- pov school for gifted young chess players (Training for the Tourna- ‘ment Player and Opening Prepa- ration). In that case you will already know our guiding princi- ples. We held in the school several sessions devoted to various areas of chess development. The aim of the sessions was not at all to impart ‘concrete knowledge — we had too little time for that. Tt was much ‘more important to point out weak- nesses in our pupils’ play and help ‘them to get rid of them, to demon- strate the most effective ways of studying chess, to acquaint them with the general laws, ideas and methods which underpin the game. You are now looking at our third book (there will be five in all). Itis based on our work atthe third ses- sion of the school, which was de- voted to the problem of improving mastery of the endgame. In the last few years the rules governing many tournaments and matches have been fundamentally changed — these days games are hardly ever adjourned. Before, when you entered an ending, it was possible to work out its complexi- ties at home, but now you have to do this at the board. If you are not equipped with excelient know- Jedge and, even more importantly, ‘an understanding of the principles ofthe endgame, itis far from easy to cope with this task, especially ‘when you consider the fatigue that builds up during a game. But of ‘course mistakes in the endgame are the last that occur in a game— there is no way of putting them right! Clearly, the importance of techni- ‘cal mastery of the endgame bas sharply increased in our time. Thave on my bookshelves quite a few solid tomes on endgame theory. Is it realistic to take in and remember all the information con- tained in them? As it turns out, there is no need to do this. When ‘you read the first part of the book, ‘you will see that your own system. of endgame knowledge can and should be extremely compact and simple to master and remember. 6 Preface You will discover how to develop it, and you will come across some important sections of the theory of rook and minor-piece endgames. ‘The second part of the book is spent analysing complex end- ‘games that have occurred in prac- tice. This sort of analysis helps to deepen and strengthen knowledge of the endgame, and assists the de- velopment of aspects of character and thought which are essential to every chess player, ‘The technical conversion of an advantage is a stumbling-block for many chess players. To improve technical command, itis necessary to develop several important skills involving move selection and deci- sion-taking; these skills are not purely to do with chess, but rather involve a combination of chess and psychology. The problem of im- proving technique is treated in the third part of the book. Here you will find both the theory of this ‘question and its practical applica- tion ~ both in critical analysis of a ‘game between young chess players and on the highest grandmaster level. ‘The concluding part of the book is, as is customary in this series, spent analysing the games of pu- pils of the school, Practically all the chess players 1 have trained have had a high level of technique and an excellent grasp of the endgame. In other words, the methods described in this book have survived the test of time. I hhope you too will find them useful. 1 How to Study the Endgame Mark Dvoretsky ‘Many young chess players are all at sea in the endgame. They would like to improve their endgame play, but have no idea how to do so. ‘Chess books have very little to say about methods of independent study of endgame theory. We will now try to fill in this gap. Two basic areas of endgame study can be identified: 1, Theoretical study (i.e. book- learning, increase in knowledge of the endgame). 2, Improvement of general end- game technique. Of course, these two areas are closely inter-related: progress in one area will inevitably lead to pro- gress in the other. However, we ‘will still look at them separately. 1. Theoretical Study To expand your range of knowl- edge it is essential to study system- atically many different types of endgame, Here the traditional divi- sion of the material is fully appro- priate. If we take a thorough look at, for example, pawn, knight or queen endings we will master the specific problems of these varieties of endgame. All endgame positions can pro- visionally be divided into ‘exact? and ‘problematic’ ones. Positions that we know and can already evaluate, where we can find the correct plan of aetion, we shall call ‘exact’. Note that these positions are known to us, and not to end- game theory in general. Different chess players have different re- setves of exact positions. All other positions belong to the problematic. In these cases we do not demonstrate our knowledge ~ wwe struggle, we search for the best moves, we caleulate variations —in short, we play chess. Many people naively believe that knowledge of the endgame consists of a knowledge of dozens of exact positions. But is a large store of concrete knowledge really so necessary? Exact positions (ex- cept the most basic ones) occur ‘quite rarely in practice. ‘More often than not, the chess player is obliged to struggle in 8 How to Study the Endgame Problematic situations. He must apply in them the relevant general ‘endgame laws along with the more specific rules, methods of play and typical evaluations. All this, to- gether, of course, with the most ‘important exact positions, will comprise an integrated system of endgame knowledge, T must emphasize again: the ‘number of positions which need to be known exactly is relatively small. It is only in rook endgames that it is essential to memorize thirty or forty concrete positions; inother types of endgame there are ‘even fewer, When you study them, itis often unnecessary to enter into. ‘complicated analysis ~ itis suffi- ‘cient just to remember the general conclusion, Let us take for example rook endings with f- and h-pawns, They oveur quite rarely, but nevertheless they do occur, so it would be useful to gain some understanding of them. However, itis hardly worth- while to study all the theory ofthis type of ending — itis just t00 com. plicated. What aspect of this theory should the practical chess player include in his arsenal? Above al, he should remember that these endgames are, as anule, drawn. Itis useful to look at a prac. tical ending which illustrates the basic defensive ideas, Gligorié ~ Smystov Moscow 1947 The black rook is excellently laced on the fifth rank, where it Prevents the white king moving forward. 1 £5 is met by 1...0b1, threatening a szties of checks from the rear. 1 igs eer 1...82h7 does not lose either, but it makes the defence much harder. 2 Bes abt! A typical retreat of the black rook in such situations ~ here it keeps the option of checking the ‘enemy king along both ranks and files, 3 Bes If 3 h6, then Black must avoid 3..Eigl +24 $f5 hI 5 Bg7+ since his king is forced onto the back rank and so White wins. The wait- ing move 3...a1! saves the day, forexample 4 Has (4 Wf5 Bas+; 4 h7 Belt Sts hl) 4...g8 515 oh7. ata 4 Bob6+ ete grt ‘The main danger for Black is that his king might be forced onto his back rank, This would happen alter 4.817? 5 tg5 Bgl+ 6 £5 Ehi 7c7s, S ses 6 fs 7 Bets 7 gos 7, Line 8 Ee7 9 Bes 10 Hes 1 Eas at Not a bad move, although it was quite good enough to keep the rook in the comer. 12 Bad 13 Bd6 14 bet 14, Sal Bast Eal bS is also quite possible, returning to our starting position, Hes, 15, gl+ 16 SS Kal 17 h6+ wh7! 18 Ede ‘Ha2 19 bys ga 20 £6 sexhot 21 ers oh7 22 65 He2+ 23 Bee Haz 24 16 ‘Bas! ‘25 bf7 ‘bh6 (D) How to Study the Endgame 9 An important theoretical posi- tion has arisen, which should have been included in our exact know!- edge even earlier ~ when we stud- ied endings of H+ v E. 26 Bet Hays 27 Ber a8 I is simplest to keep the rook on the eighth rank, keeping out the white king. Black may also play 27..adal 28 &f8 g6 29 £7 set6! 30 g8 Bgl+!, with a draw, bat 27...ha6? loses — in the given vari- ation Black has no check along the efile. 28 3a7 h7 29 Hat a7 30 tes Mage 31 Bae Bas 32 Raa Sg8 33 Hest 8 Draw After looking at an endgame of this kind we can draw certain 10 How to Study the Endgame How to Study the Endgame 11 general conclusions. We now know 7 $8 ability to work with a book, to gen- motifs at work in an endgame of Where Black should put his rook. and 8£7, eralize and to draw conclusions are rook against pawns. And, a5 Maizelis noted, itis best _Itis sufficient to play through revealed. Any prior knowledge tokeep the king on £7 until there is this variation on a board just once (however unsystematic) and prac- Cutting the king off 8 danger that it will be forced onto there is no aeed to memorize it, tical experience in the area of study the last rank. Then it can move to particularly as White has other will also be of assistance. A Ee 87, and later even to h6, attacking ways of wiring. Positions in endgames with rook “Wes * @i 4 the white pawn against pawns are very dynamic, (Jel Of course, by no means all posi- ‘That s really all that the practi- and each tempo can have a decisive y 7, tions with f- and h-pawns are calchess player needs to remember influence on the outcome of the gy” 4 drawn, Thetmostimportantexcep- about this type of ending. As you game, Consequently, there is no rage tion has already been mentioned see, there isn't too much to remem- great strategy, clash of plans or set Py ‘way more than once: when the king is ber and it's not as difficult as afl of underlying laws (as, for exam- Oo cut off on the last rank, Black usu- that! ple, in opposite-coloured bishops ZAa a ally loses, endgames), There are almost no yy yy We can now take a look at an- exact positions which we can rely other, rather more extensive sec- ‘on to avoid precise calculation. He tion of our system of endgame The most important factor is a White wins by playing 1 KgSt. knowledge ~ the theory of end- knowledge of typical motifs which When the pawn reaches a3, it can games wherea rook is confronted help us to seek out quickly the cor- be eliminated by Hg3 (or, if the by pawns. Any reference book on rect move and to calculate vari pawn is on a2, by Hgl and Hal). the endgame can serve as the ba- ations more reliably. If it is Black to move, then after sis for our study, for example the ‘These motifs can best be mas- 1..&2bS(eS)! the position is drawn monograph by Maizelis Rook tered by examining simple posi. — it is not hard to see that cutting ‘against Pawns, published in 1956 tions where they are applied, andthe king off along the fourth rank (endgame books, unlike opening where their use is not obscured by by 2 Hig gives White nothing, manuals, hardly date). About 400 excessive analytical detail. After- Positions are examined there. Of wards, the precise contours of the Promoting to a knight 116 at course, we cannot absorb and position may be forgotten, but a 2 Be7+ ShB. memorize all the information, We notion of the motif will remain, See diagram on following page. 2..2f8 is answered by 36 with need to select the most important Sometimes such a position - one 1 Bh hel the inevitable advance of the h- basic positions for the practical containing 2 motif of this kind — 2&3 baat pawn to follow. player. also happens to be an important ex- 3 ba3 Bad 3 e600 Belt But how can we identify what is act position; in this case, of course, 4 Ma? Dbu! 4of7 Bat most important? This ia the main wwe must comuni it wo memory. with dra, but Black must not 5 gis bh7 problem. This is where the general So let us look at some simple play 4...0bS? (in rook against 6 eB Hae intellect of the chess player, his positions to see the fundamental knight endings, the knight should 12 How to Study the Endgame ae ney stay close tothe king; once they are separated, the king and knight can ‘only rarely draw), A draw also results from 1.661 ‘23 Wal! 3 Zxb2 stalemate. However, if the pawn is on the ¢-,4-,¢-or files, only promotion toa knight saves Black However, with a rook’s pawn not even this method works. w 1 tb4(e4) a2 2 eb3 alD+ 3 3 and Black is in zugzwang, It is useful to note that if Black bad a pawn on bS as well he would still lose: 3..b4+ 4 sbxb4 B24 5 be3 De3 6 ded3 DIS 7 Bhd, and the knight, separated from its king, will soon Stalemate We have already looked at one case of stalemate which is very useful in Practice. Here is another example. w 1 Ebe+ ball! with a draw, but not 1...82a3? 2 Bc2! a1@+ 3dec3 a2 4 Bb7. Zwischenschach to win a tempo See diagram on following page. 1 2 Eten B A draw results after 2.2243? g33 Ere wel! 2 ber 3 Myst ers The zwischenschach (‘in-be- tween-check’) has enabled White to force the black king back one square from £2 to £3, 4 eds gs 5 Ef8+ 2g? 6 We? and so on, ‘Shouldering away’ How to Study the Endgame 13 1 Th2+ hast Black obtains a draw by keeping the white king away from the pawn, 1L..Seb1? is a mistake: 2 b3 alB+ 3 Bc3, As you see, it is sometimes necessary to repeat material already covered as you study new motifs (in this case, pro- motion to a knight), Let us look at a slightly more complex example. hh 1..a5? does not work in view of 2. BhS! — this is a motif we have already met. However, 1..S2b5? is also bad: 2 fT a5 3 web a4 4 S2d5. The only saving move is 1...SeS!, preventing the white king from approaching the pawn. Taking the side route ‘The twin ideas of ‘shouldeting away’ and ‘taking the side route’ 14 How to Study the Endgame are brilliantly expressed in a fa- ‘mous 1928 study by Réti. 1 Xa2 (aay ag 2 Hat eas 3 a7 and Black is in zugzwang: on 3...@ed, 4 Be6 is decisive, and if 3...te4, then 4 6. Wrong is 1 Hdl? dd 2 dbd7 (2 217 Bes 3 web 3) 2.845! Black prevents White taking the Side route) 3 de7 tbe5! (3.80494 SBd61 43 5 eS), and now White is in zugzwang. Letus now move on to positions where a rook is opposed by two connected passed pawns. ‘Mating threats to the ‘opponent's king If the pawns are far advanced (two black pawns on the sixth rank, or one on the fifth and one on the sev- enth), then the rook cannot stop them. However, it is sometimes possible to seve the day by pursu- ing the oppouent’s king when itis stuck at the side of the board, i ae 0, O ae a 3 Y g a w Horwitz, Kling 1851 1 ets ond 2 oe oh3 3 ef3 wh2 4 bet eg After 4..553 5 Hgl+ oh4 6 bet bh3 7263, badiis 7.22778 ‘bl, and Black loses because of the zugzwang. 5 &a3 sets 6&3 a 7 exbo (or7 Hfl+) with a draw, Zwischenschach before capture of a pawn B 2 a ws A a Ge a x How to Study the Endgame 15 In this position Fridshtein re- signedagainst Lutikov (Riga 1954). He examined the variation 1 Bxb3 02 2 Hbd+ shas 3 Abs chao 4 Eb6+ &he7, but failed to spot the saving zwischenschach | Hb4+!. I should note at this point that

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