Hrenciuc Dimitrie – Daniel

Grupa: Engleza - Romana

An: II

English Grammar Portfolio

NOUN
Definition: A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.

Categories of Nouns:
1. Common – the words that refer to most general things

Examples:

 Cathy loves the weekends in the country.

 We enjoy swimming after breakfast.
 The cup fell and broke.

2. Proper - the name that identifies someone or something, a person or a place. Proper nouns are
capitalized.

Examples:

 Emily loved spending time with her Aunt Nancy in Paris.

 Buick and Jeep are two important carmakers.
 We visited Lake Erie, which separates the United States and Canada.

3. Concrete – represent a thing that is real and tangible

Examples:

 The person threw the rock across the yard.

 My dog, Oreo, jumped in the air and caught the ball!
 Can you smell the soup, John?

4. Abstract - represents a thing that is more like a concept or idea

Examples:

 Love and friendship are equally important.

 Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.
 Your mind can know a million things.
5. Countable - a thing can be numbered or counted

Examples:

 There are five dogs in the street.

 I bought three tons of coal.
 Margaret has six pairs of blue sandals.

6. Uncountable - can have a quantity or amount but cannot be actually counted

Examples:

 Love is in the air.

 The four elements are air, earth, fire and water.
 Her humor knows no bounds.

7. Collective - refer to a group of people or things. When speaking of collective nouns,

Americans consider them as singular, using singular verbs with them, such as the group dances
happily. When speaking British English, both singular verbs and plural verbs might be used

Examples:

 The team threw confetti when it was over.

 Steve buys the band some sandwiches.
 Meredith told the class she was getting married.

Forms of Nouns
A countable noun can be singular or plural. Most nouns in English form the plural by
adding -s or -es to the noun, although there are some exceptions

Examples:

 One dog, two dogs, red dog, blue dog.

 I missed not just one bus today, but two buses.
 New York City is one of the grandest cities in the world.

Uncountable nouns and proper nouns are always considered to be singular:

Examples:
  The air in the countryside and in the city is clean and fresh (not the airs).
 All knowledge is a good thing (not knowledges).
 Florida has mostly warm weather in the winter.

Nouns can also indicate ownership. This form of a noun is called a possessive noun,
and is indicated by an apostrophe and the letter –s. It is equivalent to using the word of
and the noun.

Examples:

 The light’s color is red. (or: The color of the light is red.)
 The country’s flag has blue stripes. (or: The flag of the country has blue stripes.)
 The hunters’ guns were loaded. (or: The guns of the hunters were loaded.)

Additional Info About Nouns

Sometimes nouns are used as adjectives, which is referred to as a noun adjunct.

Examples:

 Ocean view – Ocean describes the type of view you would see outside your window.
 Jazz concert – Jazz is specifying what kind of concert is being played.
 Cheese omelet – It’s a certain type of omelet, eggs with cheese. Using a true adjective as
in a cheesy omelet means any type of omelet (onion and peppers, mushroom) that has a
lot of cheese.
 Dog tired – Really really tired – even though dogs aren’t known to be especially tired.
 Fear Factor – An example of using just any old word as a noun adjunct.

VERBS & TENSES

Definition: Verbs are the action words in a sentence that describe what the subject is doing.
Along with nouns, verbs are the main part of a sentence or phrase, telling a story about what is
taking place.

FORMS:

1. Present Simple - is a verb tense which is used to show repetition, habit or generalization. The
present simple is just the base form of the verb.

Questions are made with do and negative forms are made with do not.

Examples:
  Statement: You speak English.
 Question: Do you speak English?
 Negative: You do not speak English.

In the third person singular, -s or -es is added. Questions are made with does and negative
forms are made with does not.

Examples:

 Statement: He speaks English.

 Question: Does he speak English?
 Negative: He does not speak English.

2. Present Continuous - is a verb tense which is used to show that an ongoing action is
happening now, either at the moment of speech or now in a larger sense. The present continuous
can also be used to show that an action is going to take place in the near future.

The present continuous is formed using am/is/are + present participle. Questions are
indicated by inverting the subject and am/is/are. Negatives are made with not.

Examples:

 Statement: You are watching TV.

 Question: Are you watching TV?
 Negative: You are not watching TV.

3. Past Simple - is a verb tense which is used to show that a completed action took place at a
specific time in the past. The simple past is also frequently used to talk about past habits and
generalizations.

The past simple is formed using the verb + ed. In addition, there are many verbs with
irregular past forms. Questions are made with did and negative forms are made with did
not.

Examples:

 Statement: You called Debbie.

 Question: Did you call Debbie?
 Negative: You did not call Debbie.
4. Past Continuous - is a verb tense which is used to show that an ongoing past action was
happening at a specific moment of interruption, or that two ongoing actions were happening at
the same time.

The past continuous is formed using was/were + present participle. Questions are
indicated by inverting the subject and was/were. Negatives are made with not.

Examples:

 Statement: You were studying when she called.

 Question: Were you studying when she called?
 Negative: You were not studying when she called.

5. Present Perfect - is a verb tense which is used to show that an action has taken place once or
many times before now. The present perfect is most frequently used to talk about experiences or
changes that have taken place, but there are other less common uses as well.

The present perfect is formed using has/have + past participle. Questions are indicated
by inverting the subject and has/have. Negatives are made with not.

Examples:

 Statement: You have seen that movie many times.

 Question: Have you seen that movie many times?
 Negative: You have not seen that movie many times.

6. Present Perfect Continuous - is a verb tense which is used to show that an action started in
the past and has continued up to the present moment. The present perfect continuous usually
emphasizes duration, or the amount of time that an action has been taking place.

The present perfect continuous is formed using has/have + been + present participle.
Questions are indicated by inverting the subject and has/have. Negatives are made
with not.

Examples:

 Statement: You have been waiting here for two hours.

 Question: Have you been waiting here for two hours?
 Negative: You have not been waiting here for two hours.

7. Past Perfect - is a verb tense which is used to show that an action took place once or many
times before another point in the past.
 The past perfect is formed using had + past participle. Questions are indicated by
inverting the subject and had. Negatives are made with not.

Examples:

 Statement: You had studied English before you moved to New York.
 Question: Had you studied English before you moved to New York?
 Negative: You had not studied English before you moved to New York.

8. Past Perfect Continuous - is a verb tense which is used to show that an action started in the
past and continued up to another point in the past.

The past perfect continuous is formed using had + been + present participle. Questions
are indicated by inverting the subject and had. Negatives are made with not.

Examples:

 Statement: You had been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally
arrived.
 Question: Had you been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived?
 Negative: You had not been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally
arrived.

9. Future Simple - has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to." Although the
two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two very different
meanings.

Form “Will” - [will + VERB]

Examples:

 You will help him later.

 Will you help him later?
 You will not help him later.

Form “Be Going To” - [am/is/are + going to + VERB]

Examples:

 You are going to meet Jane tonight.

 Are you going to meet Jane tonight?
 You are not going to meet Jane tonight.
10. Future Continuous - has two different forms: "will be doing " and "be going to be doing."
Unlike simple future forms, future continuous forms are usually interchangeable.

Form “Will” - [will be + present participle]

Examples:

 You will be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.
 Will you be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight?
 You will not be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.

Form “Be Going To” - [am/is/are + going to be + present participle]

Examples:

 You are going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.
 Are you going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight?
 You are not going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.

11. Future Perfect - has two different forms: "will have done" and "be going to have done."
Unlike simple future forms, future perfect forms are usually interchangeable.

Form “Will” - [will have + past participle]

Examples:

 You will have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.
 Will you have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.?
 You will not have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.

Form “Be Going To” - [am/is/are + going to have + past participle]

Examples:

 You are going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.
 Are you going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from the
U.S.?
 You are not going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from the
U.S.

12. Future Perfect Continuous - has two different forms: "will have been doing " and "be going
to have been doing". Unlike simple future forms, future perfect continuous forms are usually
interchangeable.
 Form “Will” - [will have been + present participle]

Examples:

 You will have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives.
 Will you have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives?
 You will not have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally
arrives.

Form “ Be Going To” - [am/is/are + going to have been + present participle]

Examples:

 You are going to have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally
arrives.
 Are you going to have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally
arrives?
 You are not going to have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally
arrives.

ADVERB
Definition: An adverb is a word that is used to change, modify or qualify several types of words
including an adjective, a verb, a clause, another adverb, or any other type of word or phrase,
with the exception of determiners and adjectives, that directly modify nouns.

English has three articles: A, AN, and THE. These articles are used before nouns to show
whether the nouns are general or specific.

1. “A” - The article A is used before singular, countable nouns which begin with consonant
sounds.

Examples:

 He is a teacher.
 She doesn't own a car.
 I saw a bear at the zoo.

2. “AN” - The article AN is used before singular, countable nouns which begin with vowel
sounds.
Examples:

 He is an actor.
 She didn't get an invitation.
 I saw an eagle at the zoo.

3. “A” and “AN” - are called indefinite articles. "Indefinite" means "not specific". Use A(AN)
when you are talking about a thing in general, NOT a specific thing.

Examples:

 I need a phone. Not a specific phone, any phone

 Mark wants a bicycle. Not a particular bicycle, a bicycle in general
 Do you have a driver's license? In general

4. “THE” - is called a definite article. "Definite" means "specific". Use THE when talking about
something which is already known to the listener or which has been previously mentioned,
introduced, or discussed.

Examples:

 I have a cat. The cat is black.

 There is a book in my backpack. The book is very heavy.
 Do you know where I left the car keys? The listener knows which specific car keys
you are talking about.
 Do you own a car? Is the car blue? You assume they do have a car after asking about
it in the first sentence.
 Nobody lives on the Moon. The Moon is known to everyone.

You can use THE with both singular nouns and plural nouns.

Examples:

 I saw the bear in Yellowstone National Park. Correct

 I saw the bears in Yellowstone National Park. Correct
PRONOUNS
Definition: A pronoun is defined as a word or phrase that is used as a substitution for a noun or
noun phrase, which is known as the pronoun’s antecedent.

Types of Pronouns
1. Personal Pronouns - those associated with a certain person, thing, or group; all except you
have distinct forms that indicate singular or plural number. Personal pronouns are always
specific and are often used to replace a proper noun (someone’s name) or a collective group of
people or things. Here are 2 groups:

The first is used to replace the subject of the sentence: I, you, he, she, it, we, you and
they. Notice that you is repeated as you can be singular, addressing one person, or plural,
addressing a group of people.

Examples:

 Jack and David are friends. They play basketball together.

 I have more money than he
 We will be late if you don’t hurry up.

The second group of pronouns replaces the object of the sentence: me, you, him, her, it,
us, you, them.

Examples:

 Peter sang the song to me.

 Missing the train will cause us to be late.
 She packed them tightly in the suitcase.

2. Reflexive pronouns - those preceded by the adverb, adjective, pronoun, or noun to which they
refer, and ending in –self or –selves. Reflexive pronouns are used to refer back to the subject or
clause of a sentence.

The list of reflexive pronouns includes: Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself,
ourselves, yourselves, themselves.

Examples:

 Count yourselves
 Annie only had herself to blame.
 Peter and Paul had baked themselves cakes.
3. Demonstrative pronouns - those used to point to something specific within a sentence.

There are only four demonstrative pronouns – this, that, these, those

Examples:

 I prefer this.
 These are beautiful, but those belong to Danny.
 Did you see that?

4. Possessive pronouns - those designating possession or ownership.

Examples include: mine, its, hers, his, yours, ours, theirs, whose.

Examples:

 Are these bananas yours?

 This money is ours.
 Is the fault theirs or yours?

5. Relative pronouns - those which refer to nouns mentioned previously, acting to introduce an
adjective (relative) clause. They will usually appear after a noun to help clarify the sentence or
give extra information.

Examples include: who, which, that, whom, whose.

Examples:

 The table, which sits in the hallway, is used for correspondence.

 The car that crashed into the wall was blue.
 This is the woman, whose key you found.

6. Interrogative pronouns - Those which introduce a question.

Examples include: who, whom, whose, what, which. We can usually identify an
interrogative pronoun by the fact that they often appear at the beginning of a question.

Examples:

 Who will come to the party?

 Which do you prefer?
 What do you need?
 Whose clothes are on the floor?
  Whom did you tell?

7. Reciprocal pronouns - Those expressing mutual actions or relationship

There are just two reciprocal pronouns in English: one another and each other.

Examples:

 The boxers punched each other

 The couple love one another deeply

8. Intensive pronouns - These are almost identical to reflexive pronouns, but rather than just
referring back to the subject of the sentence they work to reinforce the action. In many cases, the
sentence would still make sense without the intensive pronoun.

Those ending in –self or –selves and that serve to emphasize their antecedents.

Examples:

 I will do it myself.
 We made this pie ourselves.
 A nation speaks for itself through elections.

ADJECTIVES
Definition: a word that describes or clarifies a noun.

Types of Adjectives
1. Possessive Adjectives - As the name indicates, possessive adjectives are used to indicate
possession.

They are: “My, Your, His, Her, Its, Our, Their”

Examples:

 She brushes her teeth three times a day.

 I can’t touch my toes anymore. Time to go to the gym.
 Do you open your eyes under water?

2. Demonstrative Adjectives - Like the article the, demonstrative adjectives are used to indicate
or demonstrate specific people, animals, or things.

These, those, this and that are demonstrative adjectives.

Examples:
  These books belong on that
 This movie is my favorite.
 Please put those cookies on the blue plate.

3. Numbers Adjectives or Quantitative - When they’re used in sentences, numbers are almost
always adjectives.

You can tell that a number is an adjective when it answers the question “How many?”

Examples:

 The stagecoach was pulled by a team of six

 He ate 23 hotdogs during the contest, and was sick afterwards.

4. Interrogative Adjectives - Like all other types of adjectives, interrogative adjectives modify
nouns. All three of these words are used to ask questions.

There are three interrogative adjectives: which, what, and whose.

Examples:

 Which option sounds best to you?

 What time should we go?
 Whose socks are those?

5. Distributive Adjectives - are normally used with singular nouns and are used to refer to
members of a group as individuals.

They include: “each”, “every”, “either”, and “neither”

Examples:

 Each of the students had their own materials.

 Do you want to vote for every single party?
 Neither Ben nor Catty knew what went wrong.

6. Descriptive Adjectives - Words that describe qualities of a noun or pronoun, such as smell,
taste, texture, appearance, and shape. There are three types of descriptive adjectives: simple,
compound and proper.

* Simple adjectives, as their name suggests, are the most basic kind of descriptive adjectives.
They function to express quality.
Aspects such as feelings, time, sound, quantity, taste, appearance, size, age, color, shape, and
material are expressed through simple adjectives.
 Like these words: “bad”, “beautiful”, “alive”, “arrow”, “soft”, “cold”, “hungry”,
“whispering”

Examples:

 They live in a beautiful house.

 Ben is an adorable baby.
 Julia was wearing her huge gold earrings.

* Compound Adjectives, are created when two words are combined to create a descriptive
adjective. The two words are typically connected with a hyphen.

Like so: “baby-faced”, “four-sided”, “ice-cold”, “next-door”, “bull-headed”

Examples:
 A woman who's got blond hair is a fair-haired woman.
 A mountain on which some snow has fallen down is a snow-covered mountain.
 Someone who is tolerant and placid is an easy-going person.

* Proper Adjectives - Nations, regions, and religions are common qualities described by proper
adjectives. Because they are derived from proper nouns, proper adjectives are always
capitalized.

Like so: “Cuban”, “Buddhist”, “Pacific”, “Satanic”

Examples:

 How much does this Chinese robe cost?

 I'm really excited to use my new Canon camera.
 In Europe, you can visit many ancient Christian churches.

Note: In the last example, Europe is a proper noun while Christian is a proper adjective. Most
capitalized adjectives are derived from proper nouns; for example, the proper
adjective American is derived from the proper noun America. Sometimes, an adjective is
capitalized because it designates an ethnic group with a shared culture, heritage, or ancestry.

ARTICLE
Definition: An article is a word used to modify a noun, which is a person, place, object, or idea.
Technically, an article is an adjective, which is any word that modifies a noun.
Types of articles
1. Definite Articles - Singular, countable noun – Used before a singular noun, something that
can be counted, the definite article specifies which one is being referred to. 'The' is the one and
only definite article in English, which means that it refers to, or introduces, a particular, specific
noun. An indefinite article should be used in front of a singular noun, but not a plural noun. The
definite article is used to refer to a particular member of a group or class. It may be something
that the speaker has already mentioned or it may be something uniquely specified.

Example: The thief has run away!

The children know the fastest way home.

The sentence above refers to specific children and a specific way home; it contrasts with the
much more general observation that:

Children know the fastest ways home.

The latter sentence refers to children in general and their specific ways home.

2. Indefinite Articles - An indefinite article indicates that its noun is not a particular one
identifiable to the listener. It may be something that the speaker is mentioning for the first time,
or the speaker may be making a general statement about any such thing. A/an are the indefinite
articles used in English. The form an is used before words that begin with a vowel sound (even if
spelled with an initial consonant, as in an hour), and a before words that begin with a consonant
sound (even if spelled with a vowel, as in a European).

Example: She had a house so large that an elephant would get lost without a map.

Some also serves as a singular indefinite article, as in:

"There is some person on the porch".

The word some can be viewed as functionally a plural of a/an in that, for example, "an
apple" never means more than one apple but "give me some apples" indicates more than
one is desired but without specifying a quantity. In this view it is functionally
homologous to the Spanish plural indefinite article unos/unas; un/una ("one") is
completely indistinguishable from the unit number, except where it has a plural form
(unos/unas)

3. Proper Article - A proper article indicates that its noun is proper, and refers to a unique
entity. It may be the name of a person, the name of a place, the name of a planet, etc.
 Like so: “the Charles River”, “the Harvard Bridge”, “the Galapagos Islands”, “the Great
Lakes”, “Long Island”

4. Partitive Article - A partitive article is a type of article, sometimes viewed as a type of

indefinite article, used with a mass noun such as water, to indicate a non-specific quantity of it.
Partitive articles are a class of determiner; they are used in French and Italian in addition to
definite and indefinite articles. (In Finnish and Estonian, the partitive is indicated by inflection.)
The nearest equivalent in English is some, although the latter is classified as a determiner but not
in all authorities' classifications as an indefinite article, and English uses it less than French
uses de.

Example: French: Veux-tu du café ?

English: Do you want (some) coffee?

5. Negative Article - A negative article specifies none of its noun, and can thus be regarded as
neither definite nor indefinite. On the other hand, some consider such a word to be a
simple determiner rather than an article. In English, this function is fulfilled by no, which can
appear before a singular or plural noun.

Example: “No man has been on this island”.

“No dogs are allowed here”.
“No one is in the room”.

6. Zero Article - The zero article is the absence of an article. In languages having a definite
article, the lack of an article specifically indicates that the noun is indefinite. Linguists
interested in X-bar theory causally link zero articles to nouns lacking a determiner. In
English, the zero article rather than the indefinite is used with plurals and mass nouns,
although the word "some" can be used as an indefinite plural article.

Example: “Visitors end up walking in mud.”

Over exemplified: “I need a bowl of rice.” - Indefinite Article
“I like the rice in this restaurant.” - Definite Article
“I eat rice every day.” - ZERO Article

DETERMINERS
Definition: Determiners are words placed in front of a noun to make it clear what the noun refers
to. They tell us whether the noun phrase is specific or general.
Determiners are either specific or general.
 1. Specific Determiners - Specific determiners are used to denote specific or particular
things. Specific determiners include the following:
The definite article: The
Possessives: my, your, his, her, it’s; our, their, whose
Demonstratives: this, that, these, those
Interrogatives: which
We use a specific determiner when we believe the listener/reader knows exactly what we are
referring to:
 Can you pass me the salt please?
 Look at those lovely flowers.
 Thank you very much for your letter.
 Whose coat is this?

 2. General Determiners - General determiners are used before a noun to denote it in a general
or unspecific way – “a; an; any; another; other; what”
When we are talking about things in general and the listener/reader does not know exactly what
we are referring to, we can use an uncountable noun or a plural noun with no determiner:

“Milk is very good for you.”- uncountable noun

“Health and education are very important.”- 2 uncountable nouns
“Girls normally do better in school than boys.”- plural nouns with no determiner

Or a singular noun can be used with the indefinite article a or an:

“A woman was lifted to safety by a helicopter.”

“A man climbing nearby saw the accident.”

The general determiner “any” is used with a singular noun or an uncountable noun when we are
talking about all of those people or things:

“It’s very easy. Any child can do it. ( All children can do it)”
“With a full license you are allowed to drive any car.”

We use the general determiner another to talk about an additional person or thing:

“Would you like another glass of wine?”

The plural form of another is other:

 I spoke to John, Helen and a few other friends.

Round up & Other Determiners:

 Definite article : the

 Indefinite articles : a, an
 Demonstratives: this, that, these, those
 Pronouns and possessive determiners : my, your, his, her, its, our, their
 Quantifiers : a few, a little, much, many, a lot of, most, some, any, enough
 Numbers : one, ten, thirty
 Distributives : all, both, half, either, neither, each, every
 Difference words : other, another
 Pre-determiners : such, what, rather, quite

NUMERAL
Definition: Numerals are counting numbers such as one, two, three, and four that provide
information about the amount of a word or phrase. Numerals in English grammar are
determiners that provide information about the amount of a word or phrase.

Some grammars consider numerals as a subcategory of quantifiers. Like other determiners,

numerals perform the grammatical function of determinative. Numerals indicate the number of
quantity of another word or phrase.

Example:

 Two birds ate four cherries.

 I have one child.
 The merchant sold seven ripe yellow bananas.
 The choir consists of 153 tone-deaf singing nuns.

When writing other numbers between 21 and 99, we must use a hyphen (-).
Example:

 21: twenty-one
 29: twenty-nine
 64: sixty-four
  99: ninety-nine

The number 100 is written as "one hundred", but sometimes people say "a hundred".

On the subject of writing from 100 to 999, first we have to write how many hundreds then we
write the word hundred, then we write the name of the two-digit number after the digit in the
hundreds place.

Examples:

 101: one hundred one (NOT: one hundred and one)

 102: one hundred two (NOT: one hundred and two)
 175: one hundred seventy-five (NOT: one hundred and seventy-five)
 200: two hundred
 300: three hundred
 512: five hundred twelve
 987: nine hundred eighty-seven

Ordinal numerals - Ordinal numerals that can be expressed in one or two words are usually
written as words. Generally, ordinal numerals are used as adjectives and stand before nouns. An
ordinal numeral is usually preceded by the definite article "the".

Example:

 The first story was interesting. The second was dull.

John Kennedy was the 35th president of the United States.

Ordinal numbers in figures and in words:

In Figures: In Words:

 1st - the first

 2nd -
the second
 3rd -
the third
 4th -
the fourth
 10th -
the tenth
 11th -
the eleventh
 15th -
the fifteenth
 19th -
the nineteenth
  20th -
the twentieth
 21st -
the twenty-first
 22nd -
the twenty-second
 23rd -
the twenty-third
 24th -
the twenty-fourth
 30th -
the thirtieth
 40th -
the fortieth
 70th -
the seventieth
 100th -
the hundredth
 101st -
the hundred and first

Fractions - A fraction is a number we need for measuring. When we measure something, such as
a length, it will not always be a whole number. Therefore we need numbers that are less than 1, 2
or other figures – numbers that are the parts of these figures: half of one, a third/ a fourth/ a fifth/
a millionth part of some figure. For example:

 1/3 means 1 out of 3

The first number in fraction, written before slash (/), is called numerator and is expressed by a
cardinal numeral. The second number, written after slash (/), is called denominator and is
expressed by ordinal numeral. NOTE: you use ordinal numeral only in oral speech and in
fractions written in words, you don’t have to write suffixes “rd, th, ths” in written figures.
Therefore, you write 1/5, but you pronounce it and write it in words as one-fifth.

Attention is needed because when you write fractions with words, not symbols, you also need to
use hyphen (-). For example: 1/7 will be one-seventh. But, when the numerator or
denominator is already hyphenated you don’t need to use one more hyphen. For example: 1/25
will be one twenty-fifth, NOT one-twenty-fifth. Here are more examples of fractions,
represented by symbols and words:

 1/2 – one-half / a half; 1/3 – one-third;

 1/4 – one-fourth / a quarter;
 1/5 – one-fifth; 1/8 – one-eighth;
 1/9 – one-ninth; 1/10 – one-tenth;
 1/12 – one-twelfth; 1/20 – one twentieth;
 1/32 – one thirty-second;
 1/100 – one-hundredth;
 1/1000 – one-thousandth;
 2/3 – two-thirds; 4/5 – four-fifths;
 3/4 – three-fourths / three-quarters;
 5/8 – five-eighths; 9/10 – nine-tenths;
 7/36 – seven thirty-sixths;
  33/100 – thirty-three hundredths;
 65/1000 – sixty-five thousandths;
 1 1/2 – one and a half;
 1 1/4 – one and a quarter;
 3 2/5 – three and two-fifths;
 6 3/7 – six and three-sevenths.
 He has already written three-quarters of his new novel.
 A cent is one hundredth part of a dollar.
 This box weighs two-thirds of a kilogram.

Decimals fractions - The decimal point (not a comma) separates the whole from the fraction in
decimal fractions in English. Decimals are written in figures. When pronouncing decimals we
use the word "point" to represent the dot. The numbers following the dot are pronounced
separately.

Example:

 When you have the number 1.36 we say "One point three six."

The digits to the left of the decimal point are usually read as a cardinal number, and the digits to
the right of the decimal point are usually read as separate digits.

Example:

 546.132 can be read as "five hundred forty-six point one-three-two".

Square numbers are written 2² = we say "Two squared" = 2 x 2 = Two squared equals four.
Cubed numbers are written 2³ = We say "Two cubed" = 2 x 2 x 2 = Two cubed equals eight
You can also say "to the power of" - "Two to the power of two equals four." and "Two to the
power of three equals eight."