Aprp2008 09

Technology Transfer to Enhance Rural Livelihoods and
Natural Resource Management in

the Arabian Peninsula
Annual
Report
2008/2009
International Center for Agricutural

Reseach in the Dry Areas
(ICARDA)
Arabian Peninsual Regional rogram
(APRP)

ICARDA encourages fair use of this material for non‐commercial purposes
with proper citation.
Citation
ICARDA‐APRP. 2010. Technology Transfer to Enhance Rural Livelihoods and Natural
Resource Management in the Arabian Peninsula. ICARDA‐APRP Annual Report 2008‐
2009, Dubai, UAE, 124+IV
International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)
P.O.Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria
Tel: +963‐21‐2213433, 2225112, 2225012,
Email: ICARDA@cgiar.org
http://www.icarda.org
ICARDA Arabian Peninsula Regional Program (APRP)
P.O.Box: 13979, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Tel: +971‐4‐2226914,
Fax:+971‐4‐2226923,
Email:icdub@eim.ae
http://www.icarda.org/aprp

Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Foreword ................................................................................................................................................IV
APRP Summary Achievement (July 2008 to 31 December 2009) .................................................... 1
Bahrain Reseach Activities
Bahrain Country Report 2008-2009 ....................................................................................................... 23
Emirates Reseach Activities
Soilless Culture Technology (Hydroponics) ........................................................................................... 27
Seed production and transfer of technology: United Arab Emirates experience ................................... 32
Kuwait Reseach Activities
Adaptive Research Trial in Al Wafra on the Response of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus .L) to
different levels of NPK fertilizers under soilless culture ......................................................................... 37
Adoption of Integrated Management for Protection and Production (IPPM) of high Quality Crops
with less Amount of Pesticide Residue .................................................................................................. 45
Promoting an integrated production system for indigenous forage species (Buffel grass and
Thomam) with high water use efficiency to farmers .............................................................................. 63
Oman Reseach Activities
Oman Country Report for Season 2008-09 ........................................................................................... 67
Qatar Reseach Activities
Qatar Country Report for Season 2008-09 ........................................................................................... 83
Saudi Reseach Activities
Using Local Cheap Materials for the Production of Two Varieties of Tomato Crop under
Hydroponics Open System in a Cooled Greenhouse ............................................................................ 89
Promoting an integrated production system for some indigenous forage species and some
range shrubs with high water use efficiency .......................................................................................... 93
Yemen Reseach Activities
Development of Integrated Production System for Spineless Cactus as Forage .................................. 99
Adoption of Integrated Production and Protection Management (IPPM) under Protected
Agriculture System in Southern Uplands of Yemen ............................................................................. 101
Adoption of Integrated Production & Protection Management (IPPM) under ) under Protected
Agriculture System in Central Highlands of Yemen ............................................................................. 105
Annexes
Annex 1 List of Buffel Growers until Dec 2009 .............................................................................. 111
Annex 2 List of growers adopted spineless cactus in the Arabian Peninsula by end of 2009 ...... 112
Annex 3 List of growers adopted Integrated Production and Protection Management in the
Arabian Peninsula by Dec 2009 ...................................................................................... 112
Annex 4 List of growers adopted Soilless Production System in the Arabian Peninsula by
Dec 2009 ......................................................................................................................... 113
Annex 5 List of Participants on Training workshop on data collection and impact assessment ... 113
Annex 6 List of Participants on the Job Training for installation of soilless production system..... 113
Annex 7 Reports and list of participants of ICARDA-APRP Regional Technical Coordination
(RTC) and Steering Committee (RSC) Meeting .............................................................. 114
Annex 8 List of participants of specialized training course in Agricultural Extension and
Technology Transfer, Dec 2009 ...................................................................................... 124
ICARDA‐APRP III Technology Transfer to Enhance Rural Livelihoods and

Annual Report 2008/2009 Natural Resource Management in the Arabian Peninsula

Foreword
Foreword

This is the first annual report of ICARDA Arabian Peninsula Regional Program (APRP) project
“Technology Transfer to Enhance Rural Livelihoods and Natural Resources Management in the
Arabian Peninsula”. ICARDA’s APRP serves the seven countries of the Arabian Peninsula (AP)
(Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Oman, UAE and Yemen). The program addresses three
priority themes:
I-Water resource management

II-Rangeland and forages
III-Protected Agriculture
The present project is aiming to transfer and promote the technology packages which developed
during previous project as a result of collaborative research activities between National
Agricultural Research Services (NARS) of the AP Countries and ICARDA.
ICARDA/APRP is operating from ICARDA regional office in Dubai, UAE with full support from the
Head Quarter in Aleppo, Syria. In addition to the technical support from HQ Research programs
and Units, two full time internationally recruited scientists are based in Dubai to serve the region.
The project started in 2008 with the financial support from the Arab Fund for Economic and
Social Development (AFESD), The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and
the OPEC Fund for International Development (OFID).
This report is a compilation of all the technical reports and papers of the NARS scientists
presented at the Regional Technical Coordination Meetings (RTCM) held at Dubai, United Arab
Emirates from 7 to 9 December 2009 with necessary editing.
A summary of achievements during the reported season is presented to include research

activities, Capacity Building and Training, Information Technology and Networking and
Publications.
ICARDA-APRP would like to thank the Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development
(AFESD), The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the OPEC Fund for
International Development (OFID) for the financial support provided for this project.
Gratitude and appreciation go to the Management and Scientists of the NARS of AP countries for
their dedication and hard work during this season and for their support to the program. Special
thanks go to the Ministry of Environment and Water in UAE for hosting ICARDA– APRP office in
Dubai.
The support and help of ICARDA Management, Programs, Units and Scientists are also highly
appreciated.
Ahmad T. Moustafa
Regional Coordinator
ICARDA-APRP
ICARDA‐APRP IV Technology Transfer to Enhance Rural Livelihoods and

APRP Summary Achivement 2008‐2009
APRP Summary Achievement
July 2008 to 31 December 2009
Introduction
ICARDA in close collaboration with National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) in the Arabian Peninsula
countries (Bahrain, Emirates, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Yemen) has implemented a special
regional program since 1988 aiming at the development of the agriculture sector, conservation of the natural
resources and environment through scientific research and technology development. In addition, training and
capacity building have received special attention within the Arabian Peninsula Regional Program (APRP). This
was achieved through number of research for development projects.
The joint efforts by ICARDA and the national agricultural research systems (NARS) of the Arabian Peninsula
countries during the previous projects (2000 – 2006), resulted in six recommended technology packages that
address the major constraints to increasing water use efficacy for the production of high quality cash crop and
irrigated forages.
The present project which is funded by the Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD), the
International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD), and the OPEC Fund for International Development
(OFID), is focusing on the transfer of sustainable technological packages to end users in the Arabian Peninsula.
This project consists of three major components:
1) Introduction and Adoption of Technology Packages,
2) Problem‐solving Research and Impact Assessment,
3) Capacity Building and Institutional Strengthening

The project work plan for 2008/09 seasons (www.icarda‐aprp.ae/RTCM08) were discussed among the Arabian
Peninsula countries and ICARDA scientists and approved by the project Steering Committee (SC).
1. Highlights of Activities
1.1. Introduction and Adoption of Technology Packages
Based on the 2008/09 work plan (www.icarda‐aprp.org/RTCM08), pilot growers in each of the AP countries
were selected. The selection was based on a number of criteria, as given in the project document. Table1
illustrates the number of target pilot growers in each country by the end of Oct 2009 as per country reports
presented at 2nd RTCM, Dubai 7‐9 December 2009.
Table 1- Number of pilot growers targeted and achieved in participating country based on 2008/09 workplan
Introduction & adoption Unit Bahrain Emirates Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Yemen
of the technology Arabia
packages T A T A T A T A T A T A T A
1) Indigenous forage with pilot
5 1 7 7 5 1 7 7 5 1 7 3 7 4
less water farm
pilot
2)Adopted spineless cactus 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 1 1 1 1
farm
3) Establish seed health
unit 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
unites
4) Establish new STU unit 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
5) Rehabilitation of
ha 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.0 2.5 0.0 5.0 0.0 2.5 0.0 7.0 3.0 5.0 1.0
degraded rangeland
6) Intensive production pilot
5 3 5 5 3 2 5 5 5 1 5 1 7 4
system & IPPM grower
pilot
7) Soilless culture 5 3 5 5 5 1 5 5 5 3 3 1 5 2
grower
T: Target, A: Achieved
Pilot growers are being visited regularly by NRES researchers and extension agents in the AP countries and
ICARDA scientists. During these visits technical backstopping and practical training are provided to growers and
farm technicians.
ICARDA‐APRP 1 Technology Transfer to Enhance Rural Livelihoods and


Photo 1- ICARDA scientists visiting pilot growers who adopted the project targeted technologies
1.2. Promote an integrated production system for indigenous forage species with high water
use efficiency to farmers
In Emirates (UAE), total number of growers who adopted the Buffel grass as irrigated forage crop is >53
(Makkawi, 2009). This number includes the growers who adopted the technology during the previous
project. Annex 1 shows the list of Buffel growers in UAE and other relevant information.
Figure 1- Cumulative number of Buffel growers in UAE from 2003 to 2009
53
38
23
5 10
1 3
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Photo 2- Some of Buffel grass filed developed at growers’ sites in UAE


Growers received technical backstopping through regular visits by the Ministry of Environment and Water
(MEW) and ICARDA scientists. Growers expressed great interest for further adoption and expansion of
Buffel grass as fodder crop.
Figure 1 illustrates the cumulative number of Buffel grass growers in UAE from 2003‐2009.
In Kuwait, 1000m2 Buffel grass field was established by a private grower in Al‐Wafrah area. In addition,
two growers have sown fields with Buffel seed in Umm Niqa, Adbaly Farms (S. Oraifan, 2009).

Photo 3- Buffel grass sowing under drip irrigation on two sites in Umm Niqa Abdaly farms, Kuwait
In Oman, seven growers have adopted the indigenous irrigated forage crop (Buffel grass) during
reporting period (Al Ma'awali, Al‐Hinai, Al Rawahy, & PIT‐Oman, 2009). The list of the growers is shown in
the annex1. All pilot growers are receiving regular visits from the Ministry of Agriculture, Oman and
ICARDA scientists.

Photo 4- Adoption of Buffel grass as fodder crop at farmers’ fields in Oman and Qatar

In Qatar, one hectare field under drip irrigation system was sown with three improved Buffel grass
varieties (Bileola, Gayandha and USA) at Sulaiteen Agricultural and Industrial Complex (SAIC) near Doha.
Another 1000m2 was also sown with Buffel grass at Al Emadi farm near Roudat Al Faras Research Station
(Ali Mokhtar & PIT‐Qatar, 2009).
In Saudi Arabia, the Buffel grass was cultivated on three private growers’ fields. A germplasm nursery of
Cenchrus ciliaris (two accessions), Pennisetum divisum and Lasiurus scindicus was established in
greenhouse and total six thousands seedlings (2000 each) were produced (Hajoj, 2009). These three
grass species along with three shrub species (Salsola Villosa, Atriplex leucoclada, Atriplex halimus) were
planted at three sites to study their comparative performance under different irrigation levels;
• In the Camel and Range Research Center, Al‐Jouf (planted on May 1st , 2009)
• A growers’ field, Sakaka city (planted on April 1st 2009)
• A grower at Domat Al‐Jandal city (planted on May 1st 2009)
In Yemen, four growers have adopted indigenous forages as fodder crops. Three growers are in Radfan
and Tor Al Baha provinces of Lahi Governorate where as in the northern highlands, Buffel grass is
cultivated by a cooperative association at Qaa Al Bown, Sanaa (G.A. Ahmed, 2009).
1.3. Development of integrated production system for forage spineless cactus
As an alternative for rangeland rehabilitation and forage crop, spineless cactus (Opuntia spp) were
introduced to Arabian Peninsula by APRP during the previous project where 38 accessions of spineless
cactus were shipped from Tunisia to Oman to establish a mother nursery. Oman was selected as the focal

place with mother plants foundation stock of spineless cactus to supply the other AP countries.
In Oman, the spineless cactus as fodder crops has been introduced and adopted by three pilot growers.
Furthermore, four new nurseries were developed at different research stations within the country using
the 38 accessions. Another accession has been added by the Omani researcher to the already available 38
exotic accession (Al Ma'awali, Al‐Hinai, Al Rawahy, & PIT‐Oman, 2009).

Photo 5-Establishment of cactus at research station and growers’ field in Oman

Photo 6- Cactus nursery being remodeled at Roudat Al Faras Research Station, Qatar (left) and
Camel and Range Research Centre, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia (right)

In Qatar, an auxiliary of Oman cactus nursery with
all 39 accessions was established at Roudat Al Faras
Research Station. It shall serve as source of
vegetative material for propagation of cactus on
farmers’ fields (Ali Mokhtar & PIT‐Qatar, 2009).
In Saudi Arabia, the germplasm consisting of five
pads of each accession of total 39 accessions were
acquired from the mother nursery in Oman and a
foundation stock nursery was established at the
Camel and Range Research Centre (CRRC), Al‐Jouf.
The cactus has now been planted in field for
Picture 7- Cactus nursery at Dibba Experimental
research trials. Station, Emirates
In UAE, an auxiliary of Omani cactus nursery has
been established at Dibba Experimental Station. All
39 accessions are growing well and are being
multiplied under nursery conditions.
In Yemen, initially a mother plant nursery of six
spineless cactus varieties (4 exotic and 2 indigenous)
was established at Dhamar. Later on, spineless
cactus has been adopted by two (2) growers Taiz,
southern uplands, and a model field under drip
irrigation has been established in the southern
coastal area of Al Kod, Abyan (A. Mahyoub, 2009). Picture 8- Spineless cactus plantation in Yemen

1.4. Enhance the adoption of indigenous forage & rehabilitation of rangeland through mass
production of seeds
ICARDA‐APRP in collaboration with ICARDA HQ procured quality seed of Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris).
This pellet seed of three improved Buffel varieties (Bileola, Gayandah and USA) was supplied to the NARS
partners in all seven countries and arrangements were finalized to establish seed production fields to
making operational the seed technology units already established by APRP for the production of quality
seeds for growers.

Photo 9- Buffel seed harvesting t at farmers’ field, UAE
In Bahrain, half ha field with drip irrigation system is ready for sowing of Buffel seeds as soon as the
ambient temperature rises above 30 oC. (I. Abdul Razaq, 2009)
In Emirates, raw seed harvest activities of Buffel grass were continued and were further enhanced in
collaboration with pilot growers and Ministry of Environment & Water (MEW) staff with technical
backstopping of ICARDA scientists. The collected seeds were processed at the Seed Technology Unit (STU)
at Al‐Dhaid Research Station, MEW. This seed and vegetative material from seed production fields at Ah‐
Dhaid and Hamranyah Experimental Stations is being supplied to the growers for Buffel grass cultivation
(Makkawi, 2009).
In Oman, Buffel foundation stock field at Agriculture and Livestock Research Centre, Rumais is supplying
some raw Buffel seed. Other seed multiplication fields have been established at four research stations in
different areas of Oman to cater the increasing need for Buffel grass genetic material by growers. Raw
seed harvest is being harvested since this winter.
In Kuwait, Arrangements are final to cultivate three improved varieties of Buffel grass as seed production
field.
In Qatar, a Buffel seed multiplication field (1000m2) has been established at Roudat Al Faras Research
Station.

Photo 10- Atriplex and Buffel fields in Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
In Saudi Arabia, One ha field with drip irrigation system is ready for seed multiplication. CRRC is growing
seedlings of three improved varieties of Buffel grass under nursery conditions and these would be
transplanted into the ready field (half ha) as soon as the winter is over. The rest of the field will be
cultivated by direct seeding. CRRC collects annually shrub seed in huge quantity (over 10 tons) of >20
rangeland species as its regular activity. This activity would be linked with seed technology unit to produce
pure shrub seed at larger scale. In this regard, a need based training course has been planned on the
demand of Saudi partners

1.5. Rehabilitation of Rangeland through Proper Management Techniques, Water Harvesting,

Re-seeding and Grazing.
In Kuwait, a 5000m2rangeareahasbeen protected from grazing for future rehabilitation activities by
involving water harvesting techniques in Al‐Wafrah area.
In Oman, A rangeland rehabilitation plan was discussed and finalized with the Omani partners. In
coordination with the officials of Agriculture Development Center, Jabel Al‐Akhdar, two rangeland sites of
size 50m x 50m were selected at Saih Al‐Aal’anah for rehabilitation activities.
In Qatar, rangeland rehabilitation plans were discussed and finalized with the NARS partners and half ha
range area was selected for this purpose at Roudat Al Faras Research Station.
In Saudi Arabia, already protected rangeland was selected and rehabilitation plan involving reseeding
and water harvesting techniques was finalized. The estimated size of selected range area for range
rehabilitation is two hectares at Tamriat Range Station, Al Jouf.
In Yemen, rangeland rehabilitation activities were undertaken over one ha area in Wadi Al‐Khun
(Hadhramout). One site was protected for rangeland rehabilitation in Seiuyn where a number of gabion
and loose stone structures were constructed for water harvesting. Indigenous perennial grasses and
forage shrubs species were used for re‐vegetation activities.
1.6. Adoption of Integrated Production & Protection Management (IPPM) for the production of
high quality cash crops with less pesticide residue
In Emirates, all five pilot growers who adopted the Hydroponics (annex 3) also implemented the IPPM
techniques. Implementing IPPM ties with soilless culture helped growers to significantly reduced number
of pesticide applications. As average all growers used only one spray against mildews (Abo Al Kabash &
Abdolaziz, 2009).
In Kuwait, IPPM techniques with focus on soil solarization, were introduced to a private agricultural
enterprise where adopted in two greenhouses in Al Wafra and Abdali areas. Both greenhouses were
planted with cucumber (Sultan variety). Two other growers adopted IPPM during the July to December
2009. By the end of Dec 2009 total number of farms adopted the IPPM techniques were reached to four
in Kuwait (annex 3) (Abdul Karim, 2009).
In Oman, During the first growing season started in February to end of May 2009, three growers adapted
the IPPM techniques (Production records are presented in figure 2). IPPM techniques were expanded
further and introduced and adopted by 10 pilot growers from whom five adopted the soilless production
techniques too (Annex 3). Growers have been received regular visit and technical back stopping from
Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) researchers and ICARDA scientists.
Simple IPPM techniques were practiced by growers with the technical back stopping of ICARDA and MoA
scientists in Oman. These techniques consisted of: 1) using plastic mulch, 2) yellow sticky trap, 3) Double
Door and 4) covering of cooling pad and ventilation opens with insect proof net. As a result, the number
of chemical sprays was reduced to only 3 sprays (Al Ma'awali, Al‐Hinai, Al Rawahy, & PIT‐Oman, 2009).

Photo 11- Applying IPPM Techniques in Oman
In Qatar, simple IPPM techniques were adopted in Al Sulaiteen farm where ICARDA in collaboration with
NARES established number of soilless production systems (Ali Mokhtar & PIT‐Qatar, 2009).

In Yemen, the IPPM techniques were implemented in four growers’ greenhouses at mountain terraces of
Taez and Dhamar (Annex 3). Growers were provided with technical backstopping by ICARDA and AREA
scientists and extension agents. All greenhouses planted by cucumber crops where IPPM application
resulted in controlling and limitation of diseases such as Downy mildew, root knot and insects like white
fly, spiders, and leaf miners with less use of agrochemical compare to other GHs. IPPM postponed the
nematodes infection on cucumber until 90 days after planting (Al Kirshi & Al Faqeeh, 2009).
Figure 2- Production per unit of water (kg/m3) and land (kg/m2) with IPPM under GH in Oman during
2008/09
16.12
kg/m2
14.39
14.05
kg/m2
Kg/m2
Abdullah Bin Ali Alvardi ‐ Abdullah Bin Ali Alvardi ‐ Soud Al Rawahi ‐ Cucumber

Peper Cucumber

Photo 12- Cucumber production with IPPM at growers site in Yemen
1.7. Adoption of Water Efficient and High Density Production Techniques for Quality Cash
Crops
In Emirates, for the first growing season (Feb‐May 2009) five pilot growers were selected for the
establishment of soilless culture (hydroponics)
system in their farms (annex 4). All greenhouses
have been planted during the first 10 days of Feb
2009 where three Greenhouses planted by
cucumber and other two by musk melon. Cucumber
production continued until end of May while mask
melon continued for another week. The cost of
production, yield and amount of water were
recorded and compared with the conventional soil
bed system (for more detail please see under
problem solving research and impact assessment). Picture 13- High quality cucumber
products, under soilless culture in UAE
All activities were carried out in close collaboration
with Ministry of Environment and Water researchers and extension agents. Immediately after the results
of the first growing season, the numbers of greenhouses with hydroponics system were increased to 13
greenhouses. The costs of the new systems were covered by growers. By the end of December 2009, as
reported by the Ministry of Environment and Water, total number of GHs adopted the soilless production
system in Emirates reached to 75 greenhouses (Abo Al Kabash & Abdolaziz, 2009).

In Kuwait, the open soilless production techniques with perlite as growing media were implemented at
two sites in Al Raba Experimental Station and a private farm in Al‐Wafra agricultural area. In Al Wafra a
greenhouse with total area of 204m2 were selected and planted with cucumber in Mar 2009 through end
of April 2009. Total cucumber production per unit of area reached to 7.4 kg/m2 which as per interview
with growers were about 20% higher than other GHs at the same farm (Al Qallaf, et al., 2009).

Photo 14 - Establishment of soilless culture production systems at farmers’ field in UAE

Photo 15 - Adoption of soilless production techniques (open system) in Kuwait

Figure 3- Cost of Production, income and net profit (Omani Rails) of cucumber production under
hydroponics system in one of the pilot growers site in Oman
1,600
Net Cost 1,500 1,457
Income 1,355
net profit 1,100
1,000 958
846
154 145 143 142
1st season 2nd season 3rd season 4th season

20/8‐27/10/08 28/2‐18/4/09 18/6‐28/7/09 30/8‐11/11/09

In Oman, soilless production techniques were introduced to five growers where four greenhouses
planted cucumber while another greenhouse equipped with vertical system for production of green
beans (annex 4). The four greenhouses produced 2‐4 crop during 2009 where the yield reported by
Ministry of Agriculture, Oman between 10 to 14 kg/m2 per crop. The following figure illustrates cost of

production, income and net profit of cucumber under soilless production system in one of the Omani
pilot growers’ greenhouse (351m2) as reported NARES. Cost of establishment and depreciation of
greenhouse is not considered in calculation. In Oman total number greenhouses adopted the soilless
production system by end of Dec 2009 were reached to 75 greenhouses (Al Ma'awali, Al‐Hinai, Al
Rawahy, & PIT‐Oman, 2009).
In Qatar, the soilless production system has been installed by two pilot growers. At Al Sulaiteen
Agricultural & Industrial Complex (SAIC) ICARDA in collaboration with NARES & SAIC establishment of
number of hydroponics system in cooled GHs which planted with strawberry, cucumber, tomato, sweet
pepper, eggplant and lettuce. These systems are also used for demonstration and training purposes.
ICARDA also carried out number of adoptive research activities at SAIC on soilless production techniques
(Ali Mokhtar & PIT‐Qatar, 2009).

Photo 16 - Different Hydroponics production system at SAIC, Qatar
In Yemen, Soilless production system for cucumber has adopted in two growers sites in Sana’a and Taez.
Both greenhouses planted with cucumber (Al Kirshi & Al Faqeeh, 2009) & (Al Ragehi, Al Kirshi, Al Shamiri,
Al Basha, Housien, & Alabady, 2009).

1.8. Feed backs from growers after adopting the

technologies
Mr. Mohamed Al Naeemi
Cucumber growers, Hydroponics, Ajman, UAE
“With hydroponics, water consumption is far less for cucumber
production comparing to soil”
Standing in middle of one his own greenhouses which equipped with
hydroponics system, Mr. Al Naeemi continued that in his farm the
Hydroponics was very successful and significantly reduced water and
pesticide application. After the first growing season, Mr. Al Naeemi
expanded the soilless production systems from one to seven
greenhouses.

Mr. Abu Mohamed,
Buffel grass farm supervisor, Al‐Khawaneej, UAE.“I am very glad about Buffel grass as it gave us the first
cut in 21 days” He expressed his desire to expand to cover the rest of his farm land because the Buffel
grass can tolerate prevailing high salinity levels in his farm.

Saif Bin Hamid Al Badi
Buffel grass grower, Butaineh, Oman;

“This new grass has higher yield and needs less water”

While comparing the Buffel grass with Rhodes grass at his farm,
Mr. Al Badi explained that the new grass (Buffel grass) needs
less water. “I use 30‐45 min irrigation for my Rhodes but for this
new one I only use 15‐20min daily”. He continued that the
Buffel grass grew faster than Rhodes particularly after the 3rd
cut. Buffel grass gave me very good yield from 10 cuts.
Furthermore, the Rhodes grass regenerated poorly after direct
grazing whereas the Buffel grass was excellent.

2. Problem-solving Research and Impact Assessment
2.1. Enhanced the capacity of NARS for Adaptive/problem solving research
2.1.1.Establishment of soilless production systems in UAE;
Objective:
To enhance the capacity of NARS in UAE for further assessment and the adoption of soilless culture
techniques, ICARDA‐APRP established three soilless production systems at Hamranieh Research Station.
Similarly, five systems established at five pilot growers sites.
The study objective was:
• To demonstrate the potential of soilless production systems for increasing yield and water productivity
and reduce the use of agro‐chemicals;
• To compare different soilless techniques for cash crops productions;
• To enhance the soilless production system for further adoption in emirates;
• To enhance and develop the MEW capacity and human recourse for further research and development
activities on soilless production systems.
• To develop guideline and recommendations for growers to adopt and manage the soilless production
systems based on collated data;
Research activities
Three (3) non‐cooled greenhouses at HRS were selected for the establishment of three soilless production
systems. The size of each greenhouse was 8m width and 30m length. The three hydroponics systems were
designed by ICARDA and installed by MEW personnel under instructions of ICARDA Protected Agriculture
scientists. The specification of each system is as follow:

Table 2- – Summary of soilless culture production system information which established at HRS
GH # growing Growing canal material plant Planting Plant Density

canals date Plant/m2
1 4 Cement block cover with Polypropylene sheets Cucumber 1-Feb-09 2.8
2 4 Polypropylene sheets cover with polyethylene sheet Cucumber 1-Feb-09 2.8
filled with perlite
3 4 Ditch line with heavy polyethylene sheet and filled with Musk Melon 1-Feb-09 2.8
gravel


The growing media used in all three systems was Perlite. In greenhouse number one (1) and three (3) the
crops planted in foam pots while in the greenhouse
number two (2) cucumber seedling planted directly
into the growing canals filled with perlite.
All three greenhouses were connected to one tank.
Water and nutrients were delivered through closed
irrigation system to plants and returned to the
catchment tank.
One of the other greenhouses at HRS was planted by
cucumber in soil on 10‐Feb‐09. The GH which was
under the normal management of the station
researcher was considered as control unit for
comparing the production of soilless and soil systems.
The required nutrients were added to the solution
using stock solution. The PH and EC were maintained
at 6‐6.5 and 2500‐3200 respectively during the
production period. A written guideline was Picture 17- Establishment of soilless culture system
and training course, Hamranieh RS, UAE
developed by ICARDA scientist for nutrition solution
managements.
A water meter was installed. Total water used during the production period for three GH was about 88m3,
however as the melon production was longer the water use per greenhouse for cucumber estimated as 26.4m3
and for melon 35.2 m3 . The production process were monitored and followed by MEW and ICARDA scientists.
Data on fertilizer application, PH and EC and production were recorded daily. Integrated Production and
Protection Management (IPPM) techniques were applied during the production to reduce the use of agro‐
chemicals.
Similar arrangement was carried out at farmers’ field. All systems were equipped with automatic irrigation
systems. Pilot growers received on‐the‐job training and technical backstopping during the production period.
MEW and ICARDA researchers and scientists regularly visited growers (Abo Al Kabash & Abdolaziz, 2009).
Results and discussions
• Yield and water productivity for Cucumber
The primary production data for cucumber under soilless culture and its comparison with the normal soil bed
at the research station revealed the superiority of Hydroponics. Productivity per unit of area of soilless culture
was about 6 times more than that in soil. Similarly, water productivity was greater with soilless culture where
it reached 86.0 kg/m3.
Figure 4- Cucumber Production from Soil and Soilless (Hydroponics) in Hamranieh RS and Pilot Growers in
Ajman and Ras Al Khaimah (Feb to May 2009)
Soil 9.75 Soilless HRS

HRS kg/m2
7.36
7.16
kg/m2
kg/m2
1.95
kg/m2
1.9 2.4 2.8 3.6

Plant/m2 Soilless Soilless Soilless
Soil
HRS Grower in RAK HRS Grower in AJM

Figure 4 illustrating the production in soil and soilless culture in HRS and growers field. The highest production
and water productivity obtained at HRS with the cement block canal greenhouse. The cucumber production at
the greenhouse with plastic canal was reduced by 36% comparing to other system. This was mainly due to
difficulties in water management in plastic canals.
Soilless system not only increases yield but also speed up the production by 20 days earlier. Before the first
harvest in the soil bed system, average 1.4 tons of cucumber per greenhouses were produced and harvested
from soilless culture.
Figure 5 - Weekly Production from Soil and Soilless

1 Feb
8 Feb
M. Al Naeemi farm
15 Feb
22 Feb
1 Mar
8 Mar
HRS soilless
15 Mar
22 Mar
29 Mar
HRS soil
5 Apr
12 Apr
19 Apr
26 Apr
3 May

As figure 4 illustrates, production of cucumber grown in soilless started about 3‐4 weeks earlier than the same
in soil. This is due to the better growing situation that soilless production provided to plants. In soilless
systems, plants were provided with optimum requirements of water and nutrients.
• Yield and water productivity for Musk Melon
The Musk melon yield reached 11kg/m2 in soilless culture production system at HRS. It is estimated that the
system consumed only 35m3 of water during the production period to produce 2643kg Musk melon. This
means water productivity was about 76kg/m3.
• Fertilizer and pesticide applications
The three Greenhouses at HRS sprayed only once against powdery mildew. No other pesticides were applied
during the production periods.
For the three Greenhouses the total amount of nutrition solution added to the irrigation water was about 842
litters which it contained about 46kg of fertilizer. Total fertilizer solution until the last harvest of cucumber was
807litters (269 lit/GH). The other 40 litters were applied for Musk melon until 7 April (last melon harvest). The
following table illustrates the fertilizer application per crops in HRS. The calculation is based on 2.2 kg per 40
litter fertilizer solution.
Table 3 - Summary of fertilizer application for soilless culture production system at HRS
Production (kg) GH area (m2) Total fertilizer used Fertilizer application
/ GH (kg) Per plant Per area
Cucumber 2340 240 15 6.4 gm 62 gm/m2
Musk melon 2643 240 16 6.1gm 66 gm/m2
Recommendations
Production of cucumber and musk melon in Hamranieh research center and growers shows the great potential
of soilless production system for improving productivity per unit of water and land with minimum use of
agrochemicals.

The soilless production system especially the system with cement blocks proved to be more suitable for
growers’ in Emirates. Growers whom adopted the system are showing great interest to install the system for
their other cooled greenhouses. Other neighboring growers after visiting the pilot farms requested MEW &
ICARDA for adopting such system and technical back stopping.
2.1.2.Forage and rangeland research
Adaptive research for solving Buffel grower’s problems in terms of suitable cultivation methods, selection of
improved Buffel cultivars and quality seed production is continuing at Hamranyah Research Station, United
Arab Emirates. Following three experiments are in progress;
a) Research Study on ‘Comparative Assessment of Direct Sowing and Tuft Planting of Buffel Grass to
Determining Suitable Cultivation Method for Growers
Objectives: Determine effect of establishing Buffel grass either by seed or vegetative on cost of
establishment, stand establishment, and seasonal and annual forage production.
Expected Outputs:
1: Relative cost‐benefit ratio of two cultivation methods available
2: Technical cultivation guidelines for Buffel growers updated and 3: Research capacity of NARES
researchers enhanced
Activities: Cultivation of Buffel grass with two methods; visual monitoring for plant cover and weeds; Plot
harvest at 35‐40 days interval; Seasonal biomass production estimates and Annual data compilation and
analysis.
b) Performance of 31 Buffel Grass and 33 Rhodes Grass Accessions in an Arabian Peninsula Environment
Objectives: Evaluate productivity of 33 Rhodes grass accessions and 31 Buffel grass accessions under
Arabian Peninsula environmental conditions.
Expected Outputs: 1.Evaluation report on ‘performance of ILRI germplasm of both Buffel and Rhodes
grasses and its suitability to Arabian Peninsula conditions as compared to local accessions and 2.Research
capacity of NARS researchers in terms of research planning, field experiments enhanced
Activities: Sowing of Buffel and Rhodes grass accessions in trays and data collection for phase‐1; Fields
preparation and cultivation of seedlings in field for phase ‐2; Plot harvest at 35‐40 days interval; Seasonal
biomass production estimates and Annual data compilation and analysis
Data collection on various parameters like germination, growth and yield of both Rhodes and Buffel grass
is in progress.
c) Buffel Grass Seed Production Trials
Objectives: To multiply seeds of Bileola, Gayandah and USA Buffel grass
Expected Outputs: Small quantity of imported Buffel grass seed multiplied and quality seed
produced through seed technology unit (STU) to promote this technology among growers
Activities: Buffel grass plots established under drip irrigation; Seasonal raw grass seed harvesting;
Raw seed processing at STU to produce quality seed; 10 annual cuts of random plants at 35‐40 days
interval and Up‐scaling and demonstration of new varieties
2.1.3.Study the production of vegetables crops under net house in UAE;
Production of tomato crop under net houses with hydroponics is under investigation in Hamranieh research
station and one of the pilot growers in Ajman area, UAE where the primary results are promising regarding
productivity per unit of area and water. The net houses provide better ventilation during the autumn and
winter seasons which resulted in higher yields. The previous ICARDA experiences revealed that the net house
could be in production as long as 9 months depends on production system and production managements.
2.1.4.More simplified and enhance the soilless production system
Different locally available materials for growing canals including PE sheets and cement blocks are under
investigation for better production with minimum cost at Hamranieh research station, MEW, UAE.
Furthermore, various media such as perlite and coco peat are also studied to enhance and simplified the
production at growers’ sites. The study which is carried out in 8 GHs is also comparison the productivity of
Hydroponics system and conventional soil bed for production of Tomato, Cucumber and pepper. The
productivity is measured in terms of kg of products per unit of water and land.


Photo 18 - Production of high value hydroponics tomato under net house is being investigating at Hamranieh
research station and growers field in UAE
The primary results for production of cucumber crop in soil and soilless production systems are presented in
the figure below. The water productivity of cucumber in soilless culture was 6 to 8 times higher than the same
in soil. The highest water productivity has recorded for cucumber in plastic canals and perlit ‐coco peat (1‐1) as
media. The better productivity of coco peat was due to some failure in irrigation system during the production
period. Coco peats would absorbed more water which could be delivered to plant when it needed. This
specification makes coco peat more reliable at growers’ fields and easier for management.
Figure 6- Water productivity in soilless and soil production system, UAE
71.62
56.79 59.79
8.39
soil soilless (Block) soilless (plastic) Soilless Ditch

Perlite Perlit‐Cocopeat Perlite

2.1.5.Study open soilless production system in Kuwait
An experiment with open soilless production system with perlite as media was carried on at Public Authority
of Agriculture and Fish Resources, Kuwait. The trial was conducted at Al Rabya RS and Saud Al Azmi farm in Al
wafra during February to May 2009.

Figure 7- Cucumber yield (kg/plant) in soil and open soilless in Kuwait
7.5
3
1.4
convntional soil Al Wafra Al Rabiya

Fertilizer was given through drip irrigation. NPK fertilizers in the form of 18:18:18 and 12:12:36 were given at
different stages of growth. Each plant received 2.5 gm of 18:18:18 per week during the first four weeks. From
5th week onwards fertilizer was given weekly twice and each time 5 gm of 12:12:36 was given to each plant.

The fertilizer dose was further increased to 7.5 gm/plant twice in a week from ninth week onwards. Calcium
nitrate and Micro nutrients were applied weekly once @ of 1 gm/plant and 0.5 gm/plant respectively. The
production data revealed that the soilless cultivation is superior to the traditional way of cultivation. The
results are presented in Figure 7 (Al Qallaf, et al., 2009).
2.1.6.Study actual water consumption including cooling system in Qatar
In Qatar, the studies on actual water consumption for production of high value crops under hydroponics
including water for cooling systems were continued for second seasons after the establishment of number of
hydroponics system in cooled GHs at Al Sulaiteen Agricultural & Industrial Complex (SAIC). In addition to
soilless system for cucumber, which established before, ICARDA set‐up number of new systems including
vertical soilless production system for strawberry crops. These systems are also used for demonstration and
training purposes. Water meter were installed separately for production and cooling system to measure actual
water consumption. The study shows that the water which consumed for cooling is 6 times higher than the
total water consumed for production. The Figure 8 illustrates cucumber water productivity during Oct to Dec
2009 with and without considering cooling water in Qatar. ICARDA‐APRP is studding new greenhouse structure
for improving water productivity.
Figure 8- Cucumber water productivity (kg/m3) under cooled hydroponic system in Qatar
56
11
water productivity water productivity
without considering cooling water including cooling water consumption

2.1.7.Study the productivity of Tomato under open soilless culture with different local media
in Saudi Arabia
An integrated production and protection management (IPPM) experiment was conducted in a cooled
greenhouse to evaluate the suitability of hydroponics open system using local materials and three different
media (Pure Hydroponics, Peat moss and Perlite) for the production of two different varieties (INX 1510 and
INX1512) of tomato crop. The overall results, at its illustrated by 9, show clearly that the Perlite medium gave
the highest production in case of both tomato varieties.

In Saudi Arabia, good quality cash crops are largely in demand in hyper‐markets and this study shows the
importance of greenhouse hydroponics cultivation for local agriculture. The perlite medium used for tomato
crop production under hydroponic open system in a cooled greenhouse using cheap materials and locally
designed technology is very promising (Al Hindi, Al Eyyed, Al‐Qareni, & Al‐Aish, 2009).

Figure 9- Yield (kg/m2) of two Tomato varieties under soilless culture with different media, Saudi Arabia
35.12 33.32 INX1512

31.91 31.15 INX1510
24.87 22.94
Perlite pure Hydroponics Peat moss

2.1.8.Adoptive research on IPPM in Yemen
Study was conducted in Alragehi farm in Central Highlands – Dhamar, under two green houses of 500m2 each
in winter season 2009. Aim of this study was to reduce harm chemicals, by using the alternative substances
during growing period of the crop, and following the Integrated Production and Protection Management
(IPPM) at the grower situation. IPPM reduced number of spraying by 38%. For instance, there were reductions
in chemical and biological /natural substances sprays for controlling the Downy mildew by 2 and 5 sprays
respectively in IPPM greenhouse compare to control. Infestation with nematode was also reduced in IPPM
(26%), while in control was (47%) (Al Ragehi, Al Kirshi, Al Shamiri, Al Basha, Housien, & Alabady, 2009).
2.1.9.Developed proposals and agreements for further collaboration with NARES
The following research studies were designed and will start with NARS in AP
• Experiment on ‘Optimum plant density and water application regimen for Cenchrus ciliaris under field
conditions in Al‐Jouf area’, SA.
• Targeting depressions on pastoral arid ecosystems, different techniques for rangeland rehabilitation and
management will be undertaken in Al‐Jouf area, SA.
• Research study on optimum water application for Buffel and Rhodes grass in Oman.
• Exploiting and Developing Unconventional Animal Feed Resources in Emirates, May 2009
• Enhancing the Rural Livelihood of the Small Agricultural Holders in Yemen Mountain Terraces through
Promotion and Transfer the Sustainable Technology for Cash Crops Production under Protected
Agriculture, Concept Note, Nov 2009
• Enhancing ex situ and in situ conservation of native plant biodiversity for use in rehabilitation of degraded
ecosystems in Kuwait, Nov 2009
• Rangeland Rehabilitation by Conservation and Development of Native Plant Species in Kuwait, Nov 2009
Figure 10- Number of sprays for controlling pest and diseases under IPPM & Control GHs in Yemen
39
IPPM
Control 24
14
10 11
7 6 7
4 4
Downy mildew Spider leaf miners Root rot Total

2.1.10. Establishment of Seed Health Laboratory (SHL) in Oman, Saudi Arabia & UAE
The Seed Technology Units previously established by APRP in UAE & Oman were visited by ICARDA scientists
Dr Siham Asaad, Head of ICARDA Seed Health Laboratory, Dr Ahmed Moustafa, ICARDA‐APRP Regional
Coordinator and Dr Abdul Wahid Jasra, Forage and Range Specialist, ICARDA‐APRP.
The establishment of the Seed Health Units and required research activities under this project component

were discussed among ICARDA scientists and the Project

Implementation Team (PIT) in Oman and UAE. After reviewing
the available equipment and facilities and discussion with PIT, a
list of required equipment for Seed Health Unit was developed
for each country and necessary step were taken for it
procurement.
The Seed Technology Unit in Al‐Jouf Saudi Arabia also was
visited by Dr Moustafa and Dr Jasra and discussed its
operational modalities with the concerned scientists.
2.1.11. Annual socio-economic and impact assessment studies
The questionnaire for the benchmark study of the selected pilot growers was developed during two training
workshops in UAE and Oman (see under capacity building). The questionnaire was pre‐tested and after
improving, circulated to NARS for collection of required data. In this regard, data collection has been
completed in Oman and is in progress in Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Yemen and Kuwait.
Benchmark survey of forage growers was completed in Emirates, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Yemen.

Photo 19 - ICARDA Scientists visiting growers in UAE and Oman to test socio-economic questioner
3. Training courses, workshops and capacity building
3.1. Training Courses, Workshops & Expert Consultation Meetings
3.1.1.Regional Technical Coordination (RTC) and Regional Steering committee (RSC) Meetings
1st RTC & RSC Meetings
ICARDA‐APRP organized the 1st RTC & RSC meetings for the ICARDA new project in the Arabian Peninsula from
30 Jun to 2 July 2008 (annex 7). 34 scientists and researchers from seven AP countries namely Bahrain,
Emirates, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Yemen as well as ICARDA scientists and senior management
attended in the meetings. During the two days meeting, 15 presentations were presented, ICARDA APRP new
program have been discussed in details under its different component and work plan has been developed for
the first year (2008‐2009).
2nd RTC & RSC Meetings
ICARDA‐APRP organized its 2nd RTC & RSC meetings from 7 to 10 December 2009. A total of 44 scientists and
researchers from seven AP countries namely Bahrain, Emirates, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Yemen
as well as ICARDA scientists and senior management attended in the meetings. During the two days RTCM, 15
presentations were presented, and ICARDA APRP program and work plan for 2009/10 has been discussed in
details under its different project component (annex7).
3.1.2. Introductory workshops on APRP Technology Transfer project

Introductory training workshops were organized in UAE, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. The main
objective was to introduce the project objectives, outputs, and 2008/09 work plan to the Project
Implementation Team (PIT).
Emirates, 15‐16 Oct 2008
To introduce the new APRP project and its objectives and activities in the United Arab Emirates, a two days
workshop was organized by ICARDA‐APRP at the Ministry of Water and Environment conference hall in Dubai.
Dr Ahmed Moustafa, Regional Coordinator, ICARDA‐APRP; Dr Siham Asaad, head of seed health unit, ICARDA;
and Dr Ahmed Mazid, Agricultural Economist, ICARDA presented the project goal and objectives under

Protected Agriculture, Seed Health and Quarantine, and Socio‐economic studies respectively. The workshop
was inaugurated by H.E. Sultan Abdullah Alwan, Assistant Under‐Secretary for Agricultural Affairs and was
attended by 30 participants from Ministry of Water and Environment, the International Center for Biosaline
Agriculture (ICBA), UAE University, Ministry of Agriculture and Water, Saudi Arabia, and Ministries of Municipal
Affairs and Agriculture of Bahrain and Qatar. Project activities under each discipline of Protected Agriculture,
Seed Health and Socio‐economic study were discussed in different groups with the concerned national teams.
The workshops were followed by visits to pilot growers, who had already adopted the project targeted
technology. The group also visited the Hamranieh & Dhaid Research stations and the agricultural quarantine
facilities at Dubai airport.

Photo 20 - Introductory and training workshop in Emirates
Oman 20 Oct 2008
A similar workshop was held in Muscat, Oman on 20 October 2008 at Rumais research station and the Ministry
of Agriculture. The seminar was attended by more than 40 researchers, extension agents, and growers. Dr
Ahmed Moustafa, Dr Siham Asaad, and Dr Ahmed Mazid presented the project activities and work plan,
followed by a question and answer session. Separate meetings with the national implementation teams under
different disciplines were organized and the work plan for 2008/09 in Oman was discussed in details.
Qatar 10‐13 Jan 2009
Selected pilot growers and project implementation teams in Qatar were visited by Dr Ahmed Moustafa, during
the period of 10‐13 January 2009. During this visit Dr Moustafa presented the project activities in Qatar and
discussed the technical and scientific issues related to the adaption of soilless culture by pilot growers. The
design of the system for growers was developed and readied to be installed.
Kuwait 19‐21 Jan 2009
In Kuwait, Dr Moustafa visited Public Authority for Agriculture & Fish Resources (PAAF) and met with Ms.
Salwa Al Oraifan, National Coordinator, and Ms. Sawsan Al Salem, Technical Coordinator, of APRP. The project
objectives, activities and work plan were presented to the project implantation team in Kuwait and a number
of officials. The presentation was followed by a discussion session. A number of selected pilot growers in the
Abdaly Agricultural Region were visited by Dr Moustafa, with the National Coordinator and PIT, on 21 January
2009, where technical issues were discussed in detail.
Saudi Arabia1‐4 Jun 2009
Dr Ahmed Moustafa, Regional Coordinator, ICARDA‐APRP; Dr Abdul Wahid Jasra, Rangeland and Forage
Specialist, ICARDA‐APRP; and Dr Mounir Louhaichi, Range Ecology & Management Research Scientist, ICARDA
HQ visited Saudi Arabia where they organized a seminar for NARES researcher and scientists at National
Agricultural and Animal Resources Research Center (NAARRC), Riyadh. Dr. Ahmed Moustafa delivered a
presentation on ICARDA‐APRP, new project’s objectives and activities as well as APRP achievements in respect
of protected agriculture in the region. Dr. Mounir Louhaichi also made a presentation about ICARDA research
portfolio with respect to rangeland rehabilitation as well as on modern and innovative techniques for

rangeland monitoring and assessment. Dr. Jasra focused on APRP achievements for developing forage
production systems in Arabian Peninsula. Finally, Dr. Abdullah Al‐Hindi, DG‐NAARRC presented a brief on
research achievements of its centers. An intensive consultation between the mission and the Saudi scientists
took place during the question‐answer session.
3.1.3. Training workshop on data collection and impact assessment

Two separate training workshops on data collection for benchmark studies and impact assessment were
organized in UAE and Oman on 16‐17 & 19‐20 October 2008 respectively. The workshops were moderated by
Dr Ahmed Mazid and in total 12 researcher and extension agents from Bahrain, Emirates, Oman, Qatar and
Saudi Arabia participated (List in Annex 5). During the workshops a questionnaire for data collection based on
group discussion was developed. The questionnaire was pre‐tested during the field visits to the old and newly
selected pilot growers. The final questionnaires were sent to the NARS for data collection from pilot growers.
3.1.4. On the job training on establishment and preparation of soilless production systems
The process of establishing the soilless production systems in Hamranieh Research Center (see under research
activities) was also considered as on‐the‐job training for local researchers and extension agents. Three
different soilless systems for production of high value crops were established to be used as research, training
and demonstration facilities for local NARS and pilot growers. During the installation of the systems, about 10
local researcher, extension agents and technicians received on‐the‐job training (Annex 6).
3.1.5. On the job training course on production of indigenous forages

An on‐the‐Job training course on Production of Indigenous Forage (Buffel Grass) was organized in the Emirates
for two Omani scientists during 22‐23 October 2008, to become familiar with the transplanting and production
management system for Buffel grass, which was adopted in UAE with ICARDA technical support. Also they
visited a number of growers, who had already adopted the Buffel grass as a fodder crop. Eng. M. Makkawi,
seed production specialists in UAE provided the training and technical information for the trainees.

3.1.6. The 9th International Conference on Dry land Development (IDDC), 7 to 10 November
2008, Alexandria, Egypt
The 9th IDDC was held from 7 to 10 November 2008 at Alexandria, Egypt. More than 450 participants from 42
countries and 19 international and regional organizations participated in the Conference. The meeting focused
on "Sustainable Development in the Dry Lands ‐ Meeting the Challenge of Global Climate Change". ICARDA‐
APRP sponsored four scientists from the Arabian Peninsula and presented three scientific papers with the
following titles:
• Interventions to enhance the use efficiency of water harvested from dams and reservoirs in the mountains
of Yemen
Khader B. Atroosh and Ahmed T. Moustafa
• Sustainable soil‐less technique to combat soil‐borne diseases and salinity for greenhouse growers – a
success story of an Omani grower
Ahmed T. Moustafa, A. Al Farsi, A. Al Bakry, M. Al Rawahi, and S. Al Makhmary
3.1.7. Specialized training course in Agricultural Extension and Technology Transfer

A specialized training course on Agriculture Extension and Technology Transfer was organized by ICARDA‐APRP
in collaboration with The Center for Rural Development Researches & Studies (CRDRS), Faculty of Agriculture,
Cairo University for 13 Extension Agents from the seven (7) Arabian Peninsula countries (list of participants

annex 8) during the period 20‐14 Nov 2009 in Cairo. The major topics of the training program were including
Communication & Extension Methods; Organizing Agricultural Extension; Technology Transfer & Development
and; Planning & Evaluation Extension Programs. The training programs were includes numbers of lectures and
field visits. The trainers were selected from among the best professionals in the faculties of agriculture in three
public universities; Cairo, Alexandria and Mansoura. Their wide experiences on the subject and related
practical aspects helped developing a broad‐coverage curriculum and selection of a near site for the related
field trip. For selection of participants extra care was carried out which reflected in the high commitment from
their side where they attended all the sessions without any absence of any of them. The course evaluation
revealed that participants consider the training course subject and training process very successful.

Works Cited
1. A. Mahyoub, A. A. (2009). Development of Intergated Production System for Spinless Cactus as
Forage. ICARDA-APRP 2nd RTCM, 7-9 Dec. Dubai: ICARDA-APRP.
2. Abdul Karim, A. (2009). Adoption Of Integrated Management For Protection And Production (IPPM) Of
high Quality Crops With less Amount Of Pesticide Residue. ICARDA-APRP 2nd RTCM 7-9 Dec. Dubai:
ICARDA-APRP.
3. Abo Al Kabash, H., & Abdolaziz, S. (2009). Soilless Culture Technology (Hydropincs). ICARDA-APRP
2nd RTCM 7-9 Dec . Dubai: ICARDA-APRP.
4. Al Hindi, A., Al Eyyed, S., Al-Qareni, A., & Al-Aish, W. (2009). Using local cheap materials for production
of two varities of tomato crop under hydropincs open system in a cool greenhouse. ICARDA-APRP 2nd
RTCM 7-9 Dec. Dubai: ICARDA-APRP.
5. Al Kirshi, K., & Al Faqeeh, G. (2009). Adoption of IPPM under protected agriculture systen in southern
upland of Yemen. ICARDA-APRP 2nd RTCM 7-9 Dec. Dubai: ICARDA-APRP.
6. Al Ma'awali, Q., Al-Hinai, S., Al Rawahy, M., & PIT-Oman. (2009). Oman Country Report for season
2008-09. ICARDA-APRP 2nd RTCM 7-9 Dec. Dubai: ICARDA-APRP.
7. Al Qallaf, G., W., A., Al Hadad, A., Al Rommi, S., Fuad, J., Al Musavi, Y., et al. (2009). Adaptive reearch
trial in Al Wafra on thr responce of cucumber to diffrent levels of NPK fertilizer under soilless culture.
ICARDA APRP RTCM 7-9 December. Dubai: ICARDA-APRP.
8. Al Ragehi, N., Al Kirshi, A., Al Shamiri, F., Al Basha, R., Housien, S., & Alabady, H. (2009). Adoption of
IPPM under Protected Agriculture System in Central Highlands of Yemen. ICARDA-APRP 2nd RTCM 7-
9 Dec. Dubai: ICARDA-APRP.
9. Ali Mokhtar, A., & PIT-Qatar. (2009). Qatar Country Report 2008-09. ICARDA-APRP 2nd RTCM 7-9
Dec. Dubai: ICARDA-APRP.
10. G.A. Ahmed, H. M. (2009). Promote an intergarted prodution and protection system for indigenous
forage species with high water use efficincy to farmers in yemen. ICARDA-APRP 2nd RTCM, 7-9 Dec.
Dubai: ICARDA-APRP.
11. Hajoj, A. M. (2009). Promoying an intigated prodution system for some indigenous forage species and
some range shrubs with high water use efficiency. ICARDA-APRP 2nd RTCM 7-9 Dec . Dubai:
ICARDA-APRP.
12. I. Abdul Razaq, P.-B. (2009). Bahrain Country Report . ICARDA-APRP 2nd RTCM 7-9 Dec. Dubai:
ICARDA-APRP.
13. Makkawi, M. (2009). Seed production and transfer of technology: UAE experience. ICARDA-APRP 2nd
RTCM 7-9 Dec. Dubai: ICARDA-APRP.
14. S. Oraifan, J. A. (2009). Promoting an integrated prodution system for indigenous forage species (Baffle
grass & Thomam) with higher water use efficinacy to farmers. ICARDA-APRP 2nd RTCM, 7-9 Dec.
Dubai: ICARDA-APRP.


Research Activities in
Bahrain

National Coordinator: Dr. Abdul Aziz Mohamed Abdul kareem;
Director, Plant Wealth Directorate,
Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Agriculture, Bahrain
Technical Coordinator: Eng. Isam Mustafa Abdel Razaq;
Head, Farms Operations & Maintenance Section

Research Activites in Bahrain


Bahrain Country Report 20082009

Dr. Abdul Aziz Mohamed Abdul kareem1, Eng. Isam Mustafa Abdel Razaq2
1) Director, Plant Wealth Directorate, 2) Head, Farms Operations & Maintenance Section

Work Plan 2009-2010 Activities not tackled
Output A.1 Promoting an integrated production system for indigenous forage species (Buffel
Grass, Thomam, etc) with high water use efficiency to farmers
Output A.2. Development of Integrated Production System for Spineless Cactus as Forage
Output A.4. Rehabilitation of Rangeland through Proper Management Techniques, Water Harvesting, Re‐
Seeding & Grazing
Work Plan 2009-2010 Activities Tackled
Output A.5. Adoption of Integrated Production & Protection Management (IPPM) for the production of
high quality cash crops with less pesticide residue
A.5.1.Selection of 3 pilot areas, using participatory approach and communication with extension officials
A.5.4. Introduce and demonstrate the modern technology and methods for optimizing the use of inputs
for Integrated Production and protection Management (IPPM.)
A.5.5. Introduce and demonstrate use of solar power (solarization) for green house sterilization.
A.5.7. Introduce adapted crop cultivars with resistance to prevailing pests and diseases
A.5.3. Organizing regular visits to the pilot sites
Output A.6. Adoption of Water Efficient and High Density Production Techniques for Quality Cash Crops
A.6.1. Selection of 3 pilot growers, using participatory approaches, communication with extension
officials.
A.6.3. Introduce and adopt packages of soil‐less cultivation systems to the pilot growers for maximum
management efficiency, low cost and height net profit
A.6.5. Organize regular visits to the pilot sites and technical backstopping
A‐6‐8 On the job training course for extension agents (training the trainers) at ARC
Capacity Building
Objective: Enhance the Capacity of NARS for Adaptive/Problem Solving
Name of the training course/workshop Number of participants
1) Training workshop on data collection and impact assessment 1
2) Specialized training course in Agricultural Extension and Technology Transfer 2
3) APRP annual technical meeting and steering committee 2
Selection of Pilot Farms

• Using participatory approaches
• Bench mark and socio‐economic studied of each potential grower.
• Work close with extension officers
• Assessment of existing facilities
Selection Criteria
• Facilities available
• Engagement
• Previous history (extension reports)

Farmers Selected
Table 1 – selects pilot farmers for IPPM & Soilless culture in Bahrain
Pilot Farm Farmer Location Greenhouse
No. I Sayed Fiysal Snabis 1
No. II Fisal Al Sayegh Jid Ali 1
No. III Kamil Al Errayed Barbar 1
List of material for each grower (U$)

Material Unit Cost (U$)
1 Preparing floor with water trays and drainage 1080
2 Nutrient tank , irrigation network including circulating pump 800
3 Growing pots 400 370
4 Growing substrate (Khafan) 500
5 Concentrate containers (3) 50
6 TDS /PH instrument 200
7 Scale (0 – 5 Kg) 50
8 Seedlings 300
9 Nutrients (NPK/Calcium nitrate) 110
10 Others 260
Total for each pilot farm 3720
Constrains
•
Restructuring of the ministry.
•
Farmers asking for everything (even greenhouses).
•
Unavailability of some materials (substrate, pots).
•
Calcium nitrate and good grade nutrients.
Photo Gallery


Emirates

National Coordinator: Eng. Mansour Ibrahim Mansour
Director Agricultural Directorate
Ministry of Environment and Water
Technical Coordinator: Eng. Rashid Abdullah Borshid
Director of Experimental Stations
Ministry of Environment & Water
Research & Extension Team: Eng. Abdul Rahman Awad
Eng. Ahmed Al Hamoudi
Eng. Basel Mobarak
Dr Habib A. Sattar
Eng. Hamlan Abou Al Kibosh
Eng. Masoud Awartani
Eng. Mohamed Makkawi
Eng. Rashid Ahmed
Eng. Rashid Haloka
Dr. Saleh Abdul Meneim
Eng. Saleh Akroot

Research Activities in Emirates


‫‪Research Activities in Emirates ‬‬
‫‪Soilless Culture Technology (Hydroponics) ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪Hamlan Mohamed Abo Al Kabash and Saleh Abdullah Abdolaziz ‬‬
‫‪Hamranieh research station, Ministry of Water and Environment, UAE ‬‬
‫تقنية الزراعة بدون تربة ‪ Hydroponics‬‬

‫م‪.‬ھمالن محمد ابوالكباش‪ ,‬م‪.‬صالح عبدﷲ عبدالعزيز‪ ‬‬
‫مقدمة‬
‫الزراعة بدون تربة ‪ Soil less Culture‬إنتاج النباتات بأية طريقة غير زراعتھا ف ي الترب ة العادي ة‪ ،‬وتتض من اإلنت اج ف ي كاف ة أوس اط‬
‫الزراعة الت ي ال تك ون الترب ة المعدني ة إح دى مكوناتھ ا‪ ،‬وت دخل ض من ھ ذا التعري ف م زارع الحص ى‪ ،‬والبيتم وس‪ ،‬والفيرميكيولي ت‪،‬‬
‫والبيرليت‪ ،‬والكوكوبيت‪ ،‬والمخاليط التي تترك ب م ن أي م ن ھ ذه المكون ات ‪ ،‬وجمي ع أوس اط الزراع ة الص لبة األخ رى كب االت الق ش‬
‫المضغوط‪ ،‬والصوف الصخري وغيرھما ‪ ،‬وجميع ھ ذه الم زارع تس قى دوم ا بمحالي ل مغذي ة تحت وى عل ى العناص ر الغذائي ة الالزم ة‬
‫لنمو النباتات ‪.‬يفھم من التعريف السابق للزراعة بدون تربة انه يشتمل أيضا على المزارع المائية ‪ Hydroponics‬وھ ى الم زارع الت ي‬
‫ال يوجد فيھا وسط صلب لنم و الج ذور ‪ ،‬ب ل تبق ى فيھ ا الج ذور محاط ة ب المحلول المغ ذى ‪ ،‬وكلم ة ‪ Hydroponics‬مش تقة م ن كلمت ين‬
‫يونانيتين‪ hydro :‬بمعنى ماء ‪ ،‬و ‪ ponos‬بمعنى عمل ‪ ،‬فيكون المعنى الحرفي للكلمة عمل الماء ‪ .‬‬
‫وعليه فان الزراعة بدون تربة ھي تقنية لزراعة النباتات في الوسائط الغير عضوية والتي تمكننا من التحكم في الري والتسميد بصورة‬
‫أفضل بكثير من الزراعة في التربة العادية‪ .‬‬
‫لماذا الزراعة بدون تربة‬

‫مشاكل التربة ھي من اكبر العوامل المحددة لإلنتاج في البيوت المحمي ة ‪ ،‬فنج د أن ترب ة البي وت المحمي ة تتك اثر فيھ ا أع داد كبي رة م ن‬
‫اآلفات الفطرية والبكتيرية وكذلك الحشرية وبعض أنواع نيماتودا النبات وبخاصة نيماتودا تعقد الجذور ‪ ،‬كم ا تتض من ب ذور األعش اب‬
‫الضارة والنباتات الزھري ة المتطفل ة وبع ض أن واع الحل م ‪ ،‬وللتغل ب عل ى ھ ذه المش اكل يلج ا الم زارع إل ى عملي ات مكلف ة وغي ر آمن ة‬
‫للتعقيم ‪.‬أيضا ھناك مشكلة تراكم األمالح في التربة والتي تحتاج إلى عمليات غسيل مكلفة وتستھلك كميات كبيرة من المياه‪ .‬‬
‫نظم الزراعة بدون تربة‬

‫نظم الزراعة بدون تربة عدي دة منھ ا البس يط الس ھل والتطبيق ي وك ذلك الص عب والمعق د وال ذي يحت اج إل ى أجھ زة خاص ة وإدارة عل ى‬
‫مستوى عالي من التدريب كما تنقسم نظم الزراعة بدون تربة إلى قسمين رئيسين من حيث طريقة استخدام المحلول المغذى إلى‪ :‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ال نظم المغلق ة ‪ Closed Systems‬حي ث يس تعاد فيھ ا المحل ول المغ ذي ‪ ،‬ويع اد اس تخدامه ع دة م رات ‪ ،‬م ع تع ديل تركي ز‬
‫العناصر الغذائية كلما دعت الضرورة ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬النظم المفتوحة ‪ Open Systems‬حيث ال يستعمل فيھا المحلول المغذى سوى مرة واحدة‪ .‬‬
‫طريقة تطبيق تقنية الزراعة بدون تربة والمواد المستعملة‬

‫قامت وزارة البيئة والمياه وبالتعاون مع المركز الدولي للبحوث الزراعية في المن اطق الجاف ة )ايك اردا(‪ ‬ف ي الموس م الزراع ي ‪ /2008‬‬
‫‪ 2009‬بتطبيق تقنية الزراعة بدون تربة في محطة األبحاث الزراعية بالحمرانية التابع ة للمنطق ة الش مالية ف ي ع دد ‪ 3‬بي وت بالس تيكية‬
‫باستعمال ‪ 3‬أنماط للزراعة ‪ :‬‬
‫‪ .1‬مصاطب الطابوق ‪ .‬‬
‫‪ .2‬مصاطب البالستيك المقوى )سمك ‪ 3‬ملم ( ‪ .‬‬
‫قناة في التربة على عمق ‪ 30 – 20‬سم حسب الميل ‪ ،‬مغلفة بالبالستيك وملئ ت بالحص ى ‪ .‬وف ى ع دد )‪ ( 5 ‬بي وت بالس تيكية ف ي حق ول‬
‫المزارعين وفى المناطق الزراعية الثالث‪ :‬‬
‫‪ .1‬الشمالية عدد ‪ 2‬بيت زرعت بالخيار ‪ ‬‬
‫‪ .2‬الوسطى عدد ‪ 2‬بيت زرعت احدھا بالخيار واآلخر بالبطيخ ‪ .‬‬
‫‪ .3‬الشرقية عدد ‪ 1‬بيت زرعت بالبطيخ ‪ .‬‬
‫وقد طبق عند المزارعين النمط األول وھو استخدام مصاطب الطابوق ‪ .‬‬
‫طريقة العمل والمواد المستعملة‬

‫أوالً‪ :‬اختيار البيت البالستيكي وتقسيمه من الداخل‬
‫• اختيار البيت البالستيكي ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ICARDA‐APRP‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪Technology Transfer to Enhance Rural Livelihoods and ‬‬

‫‪Annual Report 2008/2009‬‬ ‫‪Natural Resource Management in the Arabian Peninsula‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫يتم اختيار البيت البالستيكي بحيث يكون ذو ھيكل معدني قوى ال يقل ارتفاعه عن ‪3.5‬م والعرض عن ‪ 8‬م والط ول م ن ‪ 36 – 30‬م‪،‬‬
‫التربة مستوية من الداخل خالية من الحشائش‪ ،‬مغطى جيدا بالبالستيك الزراعي م ع فتح ات تھوي ة مغط اة بالش بك الع ازل ع رض ‪ 2‬م‪،‬‬
‫وأسالك تربيط المحصول مغلفة سمك ‪3.25‬ملم‪ ،‬ومثبتة بشكل جيد وعلى ارتفاع مناسب لتسليق النباتات بشكل جيد‪ ،‬مع مدخل خارجي‬
‫مزدوج يتكون من بابين وذلك للتقليل من دخول الحشرات‪ .‬‬
‫• تقسيم البيت من الداخل ‪:‬‬
‫ي تم تقس يم البي ت البالس تيكي م ن ال داخل إل ى أربع ة مص اطب وعل ى مس افات متس اوية ‪ 160‬س م )‪ ‬ھ ذه المس افة م ن ط رف البي ت إل ى‬
‫منتصف المصطبة (‪ ‬وبعد ذلك يتم تحديد أماكن المصاطب والتي تكون بعرض ‪20‬سم بحيث تبعد المص طبة بمق دار ‪1‬م ع ن أول البي ت‬
‫وأخره‪ .‬‬
‫ثانيا ً‪ :‬عمل الميل إلى منتصف البيت وتثبيت الطابوق‬

‫يتم تحديد ميل القناة على التربة أوال بحيث تكون في البداي ة ‪20‬س م وف ى النھاي ة ‪30‬س م‪ ،‬بع د ذل ك ي تم تثبي ت الط ابوق )‪4 ‬ان ش (‪ ‬عل ى‬
‫جانبي القناة وعلى نفس الميل بحيث تكون المسافة بين الطابوقة واألخرى ‪20‬سم ‪ .‬‬
‫ثالثا ً‪ :‬عمل الميل من منتصف البيت إلى خزان الري والتسميد‬

‫يتم عمل الميل من منتصف البيت إلى الخزان بحيث يكون ‪10‬سم في البداية و‪20‬سم في النھاية‪) ،‬وق د يك ون أكث ر م ن ذل ك حس ب ع دد‬
‫البيوت البالستيكية المشبوكة معا في مصرف واحد(‪ ، ‬يتم بعد ذلك تثبيت بايب ‪ 3‬أنش في المصرف مع عمل مشغلة )‪Stainless Steel ‬‬
‫‪ (Sink‬لكل مصطبة )عدد ‪ 4‬لكل بيت(‪ ‬والتي تقوم بتصريف الماء الراجع إلى خزان الري‪ .‬‬
‫رابعا ً‪ :‬تثبيت البالستيك األسود وقصارى الزراعة فوق المصطبة بعد ملئھا ببيئة الزراعة‬
‫طول ‪100‬م وبطول المصطبة م ن أول البي ت إل ى‬ ‫يثبت البالستيك األسود سمك ‪100 – 80‬ميكرون‪ ،‬عرض ‪150 – 120‬سم‪،‬‬
‫آخره‪ ،‬ويكون البالستيك األسود تحت المشغلة عند منتصف البيت ‪ .‬‬
‫قصارى الزراعة مصنعة من الفوم األبيض بابعاد‪25×25‬سم من األعلى ومن األسفل ‪16×16‬س م وارتف اع ‪22‬س م واس عة م ن األعل ى‬
‫وضيقة من األسفل مع فتحات سفلية صغيرة لتصريف مياه الري الزائدة‪ ،‬يثب ت ف ي أس فلھا قطع ة ص غيرة م ن الش بك أو االجري ل لمن ع‬
‫تسرب بيئة الزراعة ‪ .‬‬
‫تمأل القصارى بواسطة بيئة الزراعة البيرليت وھو عبارة عن حجر بركاني أساسه السليكا ‪ ،‬يطن ثم يسخن إلى درجة ح رارة ‪982‬م ‪،‬‬
‫حيث يتمدد ليك ون جزيئ ات بيض اء ذات خالي ا ھوائي ة عدي دة مغلق ة ي وفر تھوي ة جي دة للنبات ات ‪ ،‬يت رك ح والي ‪5‬س م فارغ ة م ن أعل ى‬
‫القصرية لسھولة تثبيت شتالت الزراعة ‪ .‬‬
‫ب ين ‪ 7 – 4‬س م وعل ى مس افات ‪30‬س م ب ين‬ ‫تثبت القصارى بطول المصطبة بحيث تكون مرتفعة عن مجرى الماء بما يت راوح‬
‫المصطبة واألخرى بحيث يتراوح معدل عدد النباتات في البيت من ‪ 2.5‬إلى ‪ 3‬نبات للمتر المربع ‪ .‬‬
‫خامسا ً‪ :‬تثبيت خزان الري ووصالته إلى داخل البيت‬
‫يثبت تنك الري داخل حفرة عند منتصف البيت من الخ ارج‪ ،‬وتك ون الحف رة بحج م التن ك وعمقھ ا يكف ى لس ھولة ش بك باي ب الص رف ‪،‬‬
‫ويتراوح حجم تنك الري من ‪ 1000 – 250‬جالون حسب عدد البيوت )يكفى لكل بيت ‪ 500‬لتر م ن مي اه ال ري(‪ ، ‬يوض ع داخ ل التن ك‬
‫)‪ ،(Timer‬مقس م إل ى فت رات تش غيل ك ل رب ع‬ ‫دينمو غاطس تتراوح قوته ما ب ين ‪ 1.5–1‬حص ان‪ ،‬يوص ل م ع م نظم أوتوم اتيكي‬
‫ساعة وعلى مدار ‪ 24‬ساعة‪ .‬تمدد وص الت ال ري إل ى داخ ل البي ت بحي ث تحت وى عل ى ث الث مح ابس ‪ 2‬أن ش‪ ،‬اح دھا عل ى باي ب ري‬
‫البيت والثاني على البايب الراجع داخل التنك لتقليب السماد المضاف والثالث على بايب غسيل التنك خالل موسم الزراعة‪ .‬توصل مي اه‬
‫الري إلى البيت من الخارج خالل بايب ‪2‬انش‪ ،‬يؤخذ منه ‪ 8‬خطوط بولى ايثلين ‪ 16‬ملم بواسطة جرومت بناقطات ترددي ة عل ى مس افة‬
‫‪30‬سم‪ ،‬يثبت عدد ‪ 2‬خط ري بطول المصطبة داخل البيت ‪ ،‬مع تثبيت محبس صغير عند بداية كل خط ري ‪ .‬‬
‫سادسا ً‪ :‬زراعة البيت‬
‫تزرع ب ذور الخي ار أو البط يخ ف ي المش تل باس تعمال عب وات الجيف ى س فن )‪ ،(Jiffy 7‬وتت رك حت ى ي تم اإلنب ات وظھ ور الفلقت ين‪ ،‬تنق ل‬
‫الشتالت بعناية فائقة وتزرع داخل قصارى الزراعة )كل قصرية عدد ‪ 2‬نبات(‪ ،‬تثبت جيدا في بيئة الزراع ة م ع الض غط الخفي ف عل ى‬
‫الشتلة حتى ال تترك أية فراغات ھوائية‪ ،‬ثم يطبق نظام الري مباشرة ‪ .‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫سابعا ً‪ :‬الري والتسميد‬
‫يبدأ الري مباشرة بعد الزراعة على فترات كل ربع ساعة )‪ ‬يف تح رب ع س اعة ويقف ل رب ع س اعة أوتوماتيكي ا ً(‪ ‬ط ول الي وم م ن الس اعة ‪ 6‬‬
‫صباحا وحتى الساعة ‪ 7‬مساءا‪ .‬‬
‫وبعد ‪ 3 – 2‬يوم من الزراعة تبدأ عملية التسميد وذلك بإضافة كميات معلومة من أنواع سمادية محضرة كمحلول أساس‪ :‬‬
‫المحلول األول يتكون من‪ :‬‬
‫سماد نترات الكالسيوم يحضر بمقدار‪1600 ‬جم يذاب داخل سطل من البالستيك سعة ‪ 40‬لتر ‪ .‬‬
‫المحلول الثاني يتكون من نوعين من األسمدة ‪ :‬‬
‫سماد مركب ذائب ‪ 3 + 36‐12‐12‬مغنيسيوم ‪ +‬عناصر صغرى‪ .‬يحضر بمقدار ‪2200‬جم ‪ .‬‬
‫سماد سلفات المغنيسيوم يحضر بمقدار ‪900‬جم ‪ .‬‬
‫تذاب الكميات السابقة معا في ‪ 40‬لتر ماء ‪ .‬‬
‫المحلول الثالث ‪ :‬‬
‫سماد عناصر صغرى يحضر بمقدار ‪400‬جم يذاب في ‪ 40‬لتر ماء ويؤخذ من واحد لتر عند كل تحضيره من المحلول الثاني ‪ .‬‬
‫المحلول الرابع ‪ :‬‬
‫حامض النيتريك )‪ (% 68‬يذاب منه ‪ 2‬لتر في ‪ 40‬لتر ماء ويستعمل بكمي ات بس يطة لتع ديل رق م حموض ة محل ول الس ماد داخ ل خ زان‬
‫الري والتسميد والذي يجب أن يكون في حدود ‪ 6.5 – 6‬وقد يقل عن ‪ 6.5‬حتى ‪ . 5.5‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫وتتم معايرة محلول السماد عن طريق إضافات متساوية من المحلول األول والثاني بجھاز دقيق لقياس نسبة الملوحة في المحلول والتي‬
‫تكون في حدود ‪ 3000 – 2500‬ميكوسيمنز ‪ ،‬وتكرر ھذه العملية يوميا ً‪ .‬‬
‫النتائج والمناقشة‬
‫لوحظ من نتائج تطبيق ھذه التقني ة داخ ل البي ت البالس تيكي )‪3.5×8×30 ‬م (‪ ‬ف ي محط ة األبح اث الزراعي ة بالحمراني ة خ الل الموس م‬
‫الزراعي ‪ 2009/2008‬استجابة عالية لمحصول الخيار لھذه التقنية واتضح ذلك م ن س رعة نم و المحص ول حي ث ب دأ ت ربيط النبات ات‬
‫بعد أسبوع من الزراعة مع النمو الخضري الغزير والقوى وقد بدأ قطف المحصول بع د ‪ 30‬ي وم م ن الزراع ة ونف س الش يء بالنس بة‬
‫لمحصول البطيخ حيث بدأ قطفه بعد ‪50‬يوم من الزراعة وقد تأثر محصول البطيخ بطريقة التلقيح والتي تحتاج إلى الحش رات وخاص ة‬
‫النحل إلتمام ھذه العملية ويوضح الجدول التالي نتائج المحصول ‪ :‬‬
‫جدول )‪ (1‬إنتاج البيت البالستيكي من محصولي الخيار والبطيخ تحت أنماط زراعية مختلفة باستخدام تقنية الزراعة بدون تربة )ھيدروبونيك(‪ ‬في‬
‫‪ ‬الموسم الزراعي ‪ 2009 /2008‬محطة الحمرانية لألبحاث الزراعية‬
‫اإلنتاج كغم‪/‬بيت‬ ‫المحصول‬ ‫نمط الزراعة‬ ‫م‬
‫‪2500‬‬ ‫خيار‬ ‫مصاطب الطابوق‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1600‬‬ ‫خيار‬ ‫مصاطب البالستيك المقوى‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2600‬‬ ‫بطيخ‬ ‫قناة داخل التربة ملئت بالحصى‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪500‬‬ ‫خيار‬
‫تربة عادية‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪120‬‬ ‫بطيخ‬
‫يتضح من الجدول )‪ (1‬فرق واضح بين المعاملتين ‪ 2 ، 1‬حيث يتضح تفوق معاملة الطابوق ع ن معامل ة البالس تيك المق وى وق د يرج ع‬
‫ذلك إلى بطء حركة الماء الراجع إلى المصرف في معاملة البالستيك المقوى مما يسبب عدم التھوية الكافية لجذور النباتات‪ .‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫يالحظ من الجدول )‪ (2‬تفاوت اإلنتاج من مزرعة إلى أخرى ويرجع ذلك إل ى ع دم ت وفر المي اه المح الة )‪ ‬اق ل م ن ‪600‬ميكروس يمنز (‪ ‬‬
‫خاصة في المزرعة رق م )‪ ، ( 5 ، 2 ‬وف ى نف س الم زرعتين ل وحظ ع دم بن اء البي ت البالس تيكي بالش كل الص حيح خاص ة اتج اه البي ت‬
‫وارتفاعه وأسالك التربيط الداخلية ‪ .‬‬
‫جدول )‪ (2‬إنتاج البيت البالستيكي من محصولي الخيار والبطيخ تحت أنماط زراعية مختلفة باستخدام تقنية الزراعة بدون تربة )ھيدروبونيك(‪ ‬في‬
‫‪ ‬الموسم الزراعى‪ 2009 /2008‬في حقول المزارعين باستخدام مصاطب الطابوق ‪.‬‬
‫اإلنتاج كغم‪/‬بيت‪ ‬‬ ‫مساحة البيت‪ ‬‬ ‫المحصول‪ ‬‬ ‫الموقع‪ ‬‬ ‫المنطقة‪ ‬‬ ‫م‪ ‬‬

‫‪ 2400‬‬ ‫‪3.5×8×40‬م‪ ‬‬ ‫خيار‪ ‬‬ ‫شمل‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬
‫الشمالية‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 700‬‬ ‫‪2.75×8×30‬م‪ ‬‬ ‫خيار‪ ‬‬ ‫الدقداقة‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬‬
‫‪ 2200‬‬ ‫‪3.5×8×37‬م‪ ‬‬ ‫خيار‪ ‬‬ ‫الحليو‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬‬
‫الوسطى‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 1700‬‬ ‫‪3.5×8×36‬م‪ ‬‬ ‫بطيخ‪ ‬‬ ‫وشاح‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 4‬‬
‫‪ 400‬‬ ‫‪3×8×36‬م‪ ‬‬ ‫بطيخ‪ ‬‬ ‫دبا‪ ‬‬ ‫الشرقية‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 5‬‬
‫الخالصة والتوصيات‬
‫نفذت تقنية الزراعة بدون تربة )الھيدروبونيك(‪ ‬في محطة األبحاث الزراعية بالحمرانية وفى حقول الم زارعين ف ي المن اطق الزراعي ة‬
‫الثالث ة )الش مالية ‪ ،‬الوس طى والش رقية(‪ ‬عل ى محاص يل الخي ار والش مام خ الل الموس م الزراع ي ‪ 2009 /2008‬وق د أعط ت ھ ذه‬
‫المحاصيل استجابة عالية لھذه التقنية وأعطت محصوال عاليا مقارنة مع زراعتھا في نف س الموس م وف ى الترب ة العادي ة خاص ة الت وفير‬
‫الكبير في استعمال مياه الري واألسمدة والمبيدات ومن مميزات الزراعة بدون تربة )الھيدروبونيك(‪ : ‬‬
‫‪ .1‬أمكانية الزراعة في أي مكان بغض النظر عن طبيعة التربة الموجودة في المنطقة المنوي الزراعة بھا‪ .‬‬
‫‪ .2‬التوفير ف ي اس تخدام المي اه واألس مدة لع دم وج ود فاق د ف ي الترب ة‪ ،‬حي ث ي تم أع ادة اس تخدام المي اه واألس مدة الزائ دة ع ن حاج ة‬
‫النبات‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬التقلي ل م ن اس تخدام المبي دات وخاص ة المس تخدمة لمكافح ة اآلف ات الت ي تس توطن الترب ة )حش رات ‪ ،‬فطري ات ‪ ،‬نيم اتودا‬
‫واألعشاب(‬
‫‪ .4‬الحصول على أعلى إنتاجية ممكنة من النبات‪ .‬‬
‫ومن عيوب تطبيق ھذه التقنية‬

‫‪ .1‬زيادة تكاليف اإلنشاء مقارنة بالزراعة التقليدية ولكن يمكن تعويض ذلك من خالل زيادة كمية اإلنتاج‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬زيادة المتطلبات الفنية إلدارة ھذه المشاريع بحيث يحتاج العاملين في ھذه المشاريع إلى معرفة فنية جيدة إلدارتھا بنجاح‪ .‬‬
‫وعليه ينصح بإدخال ھذه التقنية كأنماط زراعية جديدة في البيوت المحمية وذلك لزيادة وتحسين اإلنتاج وخاصة زيادة اإلنتاج بالنسبة‬
‫للوحدة الحجمية من مياه الري ‪ ،‬ولما من أھمية كبيرة في المحافظة على الموارد الطبيعية وحسن استغاللھا‪ .‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
Seed production and transfer of technology:
United Arab Emirates experience

Mohamed Makkawi
Seed Technology Unit, Dhaid Experimental Station, Experimental Stations Administration, Ministry of
Environment and Water
Abstract
The productivity of rangeland, pasture, and forage cropping areas depends directly on the plants that grow
there. Besides providing food for livestock, these plants have other uses such as turf, befoul, and human
nutrition and medicine. Rangeland degradation has resulted in severe feed shortages for livestock and resulted
in the growing of Rhodes grass and alfalfa. Both species are produced under irrigation, estimated at 48 000 m3
ha1 year1. Depending on the underground water for irrigation has resulted in a lowering of the water table,
increased salinity and, in many cases, abandonment of farms. In United Arab Emirates, water is scarce and the
consumption is high, which has put negative pressure on land resources, agricultural production and public
health. For example in, the current annual water consumption is greater than the annual renewable water
resources, which has led to heavy reliance on groundwater, and desalination and sewage treatment processes
to provide water. Agriculture consumes the majority of water, mostly for forage and timber production.
Forage crops are grown specifically for feeding livestock. At present, the green fodder available throughout the
year is from alfalfa, Rhodes grass and Panicum spp. which are characterized by their high water consumption.
For most species, forage seed has no other use than for sowing, therefore forage seed must be produced to
meet effective demand for sowing. Many indigenous grasses have deep extensive root systems and excellent
palatability and forage production, but seed production is generally inferior to the introduced species.
During a two year study, research was conducted at the Dhaid Experimental Station, Central Region to
determine the potential for indigenous grasses. Forage productivity, seed production and water‐use efficiency
(WUE) was determined for four indigenous grasses: Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.), dakhna (Coelachyrum
piercei Benth.), da’ay (Lasiurus scindicus Henr.) and tumam (Panicum turgidum Forssk.) together with one
exotic species, Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Kunth).
Water application
Water was applied differently during the season as shown in table 1. The highest water application (R1) was
3 ‐1 ‐1 3 ‐1 ‐1 3 ‐1 ‐1
ranging from 1858‐6758 m ha year , R2 was ranging 929‐3379 m ha year & for (R3) 464‐1689m ha year .
Table 1. Drip irrigation periods (min‐d) at different months of the year for R1 (1858‐6758 m3ha‐1yea1), R2 (929‐
3379 m3ha‐1year‐1) and R3 (464‐1689m3ha‐1year‐1).
Irrigation treatment Months
Nov, Dec, Jan, Feb May, Jun, Jul, Aug Mar, Apr, Sept, Oct
R1 16 48 32
R2 8 24 16
R3 4 12 8
Dry-matter yield
Total DM yield, representing the sum of the DM yield of ten harvests in the first year and nine in the second
year, of Buffel grass was greater than that of the other grasses (Table 2). The total DM yield of Rhodes grass
declined the most as irrigation level was reduced from Table 2. Total dry‐matter yield (t/ha) of five
treatment R1 to treatment R3. Similarly, the other grasses (Data is average over 2 years)
indigenous grasses suffered less reduction in DM yield Grass species Total dry‐matter yield (t/ha)
than Rhodes grass. Buffel grass 20
Buffel and Rhodes grasses had generally high DM yields Rhodes grass 19
throughout the year. Dakhna had generally the lowest DM Tumam 12
yields of all grasses. Da’ay 12
Dakhna 9
Water-use efficiency
Buffel grass had significantly greater WUE than the other grass species with average values of 0.8 kg DM m‐3
followed by Rhodes grass (0.6 kg DM m3)m Tumam and Da’ay (Table 3). As the amount of irrigation dropped

from treatment R1 to R3, the grasses showed increased WUE values but the magnitude was different among
the species (data not shown).
Crude protein concentration in herbage

Crude protein concentration in the five grass species is shown by
Table 4. The highest CP concentration was Table 3. Water‐use efficiency (kg DM m‐3
‐1
recorded in February for all grass species (106–131 g kg DM). of water) in five grasses (Data is average
Irrigation treatment had no significant effect on over 2 years.)
Grass species Kg DM m‐3 of water
CP concentration of herbage in June, October and February. In
Buffel grass 0.8
April, however, irrigation treatment had a significant effect (P <
Rhodes grass 0.6
0.001) with treatment R1 having a higher CP concentration than
Tumam 0.5
the other irrigation
Da’ay 0.4
treatments (data not shown). The native grass species had Dakhna 0.3
higher CP concentrations throughout the year and the
differences were significant for Buffel grass, dakhna, da’ay over Rhodes grass at the June and October
harvests; for da’ay at the February harvest and for dakhna, da’ay and tumam at the April harvest. There were
no significant grass species X irrigation treatments interactions for CP concentration.
Table 4. Crude protein concentration (g kg‐1 DM)
Grass species June 2002 October 2002 February 2003 April 2003
Buffel grass 94 92 113 75
Rhodes grass 75 75 106 69
Tumam 82 85 116 96
Da’ay 98 91 131 92
Dakhna 96 101 118 93
s.e. of mean 4.8 4.7 4.0 2.7
Seed production activity

The activity of seed production at the Experimental Station continued since 2001. The amount among species
started to decline due to shortage of fertilizer application and old irrigation system which need maintenance
(water leakage and blocking). The total amount of seed collected from the three indigenous grasses shown in
Table (5).
Table 5. Raw Seed production at Dhaid Experimental Station (2001‐2008)
Year C. ciliaris L. L. scindicus Henr. C. piercei Benth
2001 162.2 16.7 39.6
2002 256.8 74.1 62.2
2003 213.5 204.8 114.4
2004 257.8 247.4 99.6
2005 239.5 183.4 48.4
2006 158.1 124.9 84.9
2007 120.1 52.2 10.1
2008 71.3 46.2 ‐
Total 1479.3 949.7 459.2

About 10.1 kg of pure seed produced for Cenchrus ciliaris L. (African), distributed for the establishment of
forage program in Oman and Saudi Arabia, Abu Dhabi Government and the rest used for planting new farms in
2008 and 2009.
The transfer of technology

The activity of introducing the indigenous grasses at farmer levels was initiated in 2002 with only one farm and
by the end of October 2009 reached 56 farms (Table 6). The most important aspects, in general, is the crop
management aiming at producing high yielding seed and forage crops. Well managed crops reduce soil
erosion, improve soil quality, increase soil organic matter levels and enhance the sustainability of other
agricultural cropping system. Farmers were interested in native grasses for several reasons:

• Exotic species are difficult to establish in areas of low or unreliable rainfall.
• Introduced species sometimes persist poorly, especially through drought.
• Revegetating sites with exotic grasses is costly due to fertilizer and maintenance.

Table 6. Total number of farms and area planted at farmer’s level (2002‐2009)
Year No. of farms Area (Donum)
2002 1 0.333
2004 2 2.515
2005 2 4.599
2006 5 7.138
2007 13 8.008
2008 15 13.822
2009 18 22.799
Total 56 59.214

Potential productivity of forages can be exploited economically by following certain important principles
related to soil preparation, seeding rate and good quality seeds. Several interrelated factors determine the
successful establishment. These are:
Selection of high quality seed
• Use of adapted crop
• Proper seedbed preparation
• Correct seed rate
• Correct seed date
• Proper seed depth
• Correct planting method
• Adequate soil fertility
• Proper management of new plantings

Kuwait

National Coordinator: Ms. Salwa Sultan Al‐Oraifan
Director of Plant Research & Nurseries Department
Public Authority for Agricultural Affairs & Fish Resources (PAAAFR)
Technical Coordinator: Eng. Ghanim A. Al‐Sanad
Director of Chairman’s Office Department
Mr. Maher Hashem Al‐Huniadi
G.S. Agricultural Experiments
Directorate of Agricultural Research & Nurseries
Research & Extension Team:

Dr. Mohammed Shady Eng. Gadir Al Galaf Eng. Mohammed Reyaz
Eng. Mohammed Reyaz Eng. Ganem Al Sand Eng. Mona El‐Nosany
Eng. Soad Al Kandari, Eng. Ghadeer Al Qallaf Eng. Nabeel Al‐ Al‐Asad
Eng. Aasia Al Rashid, Eng. Hamed Al Shatti, Eng. Nabeel Al‐Meraished
Eng. Abdulhadi Khashawi Eng. Hanan M Al‐Jumaa Eng. Nabeela Al‐Boloushi
Eng. Ali Abdalla Eng. Hassan Al‐Shimmiri Eng. Naser Al‐Sayeq
Eng. Ali Al‐Azemi Eng. Jalal Al Taho Eng. Salwa Al‐Qallaf
Eng. Ali Kandeh Eng. Jamal Fouad Eng. Sanjif Korob
Eng. Amal Abdul Kareem Eng. Lulwa Al‐Robah Eng. Soad Al Kandari
Eng. Asmaa Al Hadad Eng. Manahel Al‐Asad Eng. Wafaa AlSamiai
Eng. Eiman El‐Sanousi Eng. Manal Sadeq Eng. Yousef Bash
Eng. Essa Bohamad Eng. Moh. Al Moweel Eng. Yousif Al Mosawi
Eng. Fatima Al Amir Eng. Mohammed Bash
Eng. Fatima Fahad Eng. Moh. Maarafy

Research Activities in Kuwait


Adaptive Research Trial in Al Wafra on the Response of Cucumber
(Cucumis sativus .L) to different levels of NPK fertilizers under soilless
culture

G. Al Qallaf.1W. Abdullaha2,A. Al Hadad2,S. Al Rommi2, J. Fuad3, Y. Al Musavi2, E. Bu Hamad2
and S. S Kurup4
1) Researcher and team leader, 2)Researcher, 3)Agriculture engineer, 4)Specialists (Horticulture)
Public Authority of Agricultural Affairs and Fish Resources, P.O. Box 21422,Safat 13075, Kuwait.
Abstract
The soilless cultivation of crops are gaining attention of the farmers and researchers as well. Hence an experiment
with different concentration of NPK fertilizer at different growth stages of cucumber in soilless media was taken up
in Public Authority of Agriculture and Fish Resources in 2006 and repeated again in 2007 and 2008.The data
obtained from the above experiment revealed that the soiless cultivation is superior to the traditional way of
cultivation. Hence a trial was take‐up in the farmers field in Al Wafra to transfer the new technology to the farmers
Introduction
Vegetables are protective food and are rich in vitamins and minerals like magnesium calcium, potassium which are
most essential for maintaining good health. Among them, vitamins A,B,C,D and E are the most important. All
vitamins are found in small or large quantities in the common vegetables crops. Hence vegetables crops play a vital
role in the dietary system. Vegetable in general are herbaceous plants either annual or perennial, with succulent
stem, leaves or fruits and are highly responsive to quantity, frequency and time of application of fertilizers and
manures.
It is known that the yield of the vegetable plants can be enhanced by the application of chemical fertilizers. The
results of experiments conducted by Tiwari and Chonkar (1967) revealed that the foliar application of urea
increases the yield of Tomato by 20%. Singh kirti (1976) reported that the vegetable crops require organic matter
along with inorganic fertilizers to get higher yields. Dependence on these synthetic materials was necessitated
because of their quick, spectacular and quantitative response in the overall production and productivity. But
repeating the same cultivation practices especially in the green house soil, resulted in the soil borne diseases,
accumulation of salts etc. In the traditional system, the relative use of water may be high due to run off and
infiltration, thus water use efficiency may be relatively low. Rapid evaporation rate from the soil surface may also
lead to salinity problems
In order to avoid these problems soilless cultivation is used, to improve control over the growing environment and
to avoid uncertainties in the water and nutrient status of the soil. It can also over come the problem of salinity and
accumulation of pests and diseases. The media used for this soilless cultivation is perlite, an inert substrate. The
experiment conducted here in PAAAF for the last three consecutive years revealed that the new technique of
soilless cultivation has given sufficiently higher yield than the traditional way of cultivation. The incidence of pests
and diseases was found negligible in the new way of cultivation.
Hence it was decided to transfer the new technology to the farmers for adoption. Accordingly a Green house (35
M x 8.5 M) with rope cooling system had been selected in Wafra for demonstrating the new system of cultivation
and its cultural operations. The team visited the farm once in a week from seeding to harvest and given technical
guidance. Since there was shortage of laborers in the farm timely operations like removal of tendrils, plant
applications protection chemicals, irrigation etc were delayed. But in the midst of all these hurdles the trial was
conducted successfully fetching a 20% higher yield than the traditional way of cultivation.
Materials and methods

The trial was conducted at Saud Al Azmi farm in Al wafra during February to May 2009.The seeds of the cucumber
variety Arabella was sworn in jiffy pots of 8 cm height filled with potting soil and perlite. It was then placed in the
plastic pots 35 x 25 cm filled with 600 gm of perlite. The pots were arranged in four rows and each row consisting
of two lines.62 pots were placed in each line and the total number of pots accounted to 496 numbers. A spacing of
40 cm between plants in one line and 50 cm between lines in each row was given. A row to row spacing of 1.3 m
had also been assigned. Due to the acute shortage of pots at the time of starting the trial the plant population was
2
limited to 496 instead of 725 and the cropped area is limited to 204m even though the green house area is

297.5m 2.The average of maximum and minimum temperature during the cropping period was 400c and 80c
respectively as shown in Table.1
Table.1 Maximum, Minimum Temperature and Humidity
Period Maximum Minimum Humidity
Temperature (0C) Temperature (0C) %
February 19 8 80
March 22 14 82
April 32 22 82
May 40 32 82

The crop received irrigation through drip irrigation system. Sweet water had been used for irrigation. During the
first week, the plants received irrigation for two minutes daily and from second week to fourth week it was twice
a day for three minutes. From fifth week onwards it was further increased to thrice a day for six minutes.
Fertilizer was given through drip irrigation. NPK fertilizers in the form of 18:18:18 and 12:12:36 were given at
different stages of growth. Each plant received 2.5 gm of 18:18:18 per week during the first four weeks. From 5th
week onwards fertilizer was given weekly twice and each time 5 gm of 12:12:36 was given to each plant. The
fertilizer dose was further increased to 7.5 gm/plant twice in a week from ninth week onwards. Calcium nitrate
and Micro nutrients were applied weekly once @ of 1 gm/plant and 0.5 gm/plant respectively. The crop was
sprayed with different types of chemicals to control aphids.
Results and discussion

No major pests and insect attack except that of aphids was noticed during the entire growth period. However
Spraying with insecticides like Abamactyn 35ml/100L, Astaplan 50ml/100L , Confidor were not found effective in
controlling the pest incidence. This may be due to the fact that there were different crops in different stages,
growing around this green house which were also infested by aphids and but not properly controlled by the farm
authorities.
The water requirement of the crop was highest in April and May and lowest in March due to variations in
temperature. The discharge rate from the dripper is calculated as 122 ml /minute.
The average vine length was measured to 180.25 cm and the maximum and minimum vine length were found to
be 216 cm and 133 cm respectively (Table.2). The retarded growth of the plant might have affected the yield of the
crop.
Regarding the fruit characters, the average length and girth of the fruit was 21.1 cm and 12.25 cm respectively
(Table.3). The significant difference in girth and length of the fruit in farmers field and the trial plot was may be
due to the varietal characters.
Table.2 Average length, Maximum and Minimum Length of Vine
Average length of the vine (cm) Maximum length of the vine (cm) Minimum length of the vine (cm)
180.25 216 133
Table.3 Comparison of Girth and Length of the Fruit
Farmers plot Trial plot
Girth of the fruit (cm) Length of the fruit (cm) Girth of the fruit (cm) Length of the fruit (cm)
10.9 14.3 12.25 21.1

During the entire cropping period 14 harvests were made and 503 boxes of 3 kg each, fresh cucumber were
obtained. The highest yield of 177 kg was recorded during mid April and the lowest yield of 84 kg was also
recorded in the first week of April. Much reduction in the girth and length of the fruits were noticed at the end of
the season.
Due to lack of proper cooling system and ventilation, the temperature inside the green house had gone up and
thereby plant exhibited symptoms similar to that of micro nutrient deficiency.
Even after all these obstacles, the yield obtained from this trial was an encouragement to the farmers. The yield of
1509 kg obtained from 496 plants was significantly superior to that of farmer’s practice where he had obtained

‫‪Research Activities in Kuwait ‬‬
‫‪approximately 1000 kg from 724 plants. But the trial conducted in Al Rabiya was superior to all others recording an ‬‬
‫‪yield of 2888 Kg from 384 plants.The yield obtained from various methods were graphically represented in Table.4. ‬‬
‫‪Regarding expenditure an amount of K.D 513 had been expended for the purchase of materials required for this ‬‬
‫‪trial. The total receipt obtained by way of selling the fruits and governmental subsidy accounted to KD 218.805 and ‬‬
‫‪52.815 respectively ‬‬
‫‪Table.4 Graphical representation of the yield (kg) obtained ‬‬
‫‪2900‬‬
‫‪1500‬‬
‫‪1000‬‬
‫‪Traditional method‬‬ ‫‪Al Wafra‬‬ ‫‪Al Rabiya‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪Conclusion‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪The farmer was convinced about the advantage of the new technology ‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪The trial revealed that, in traditional system, the relative use of water was high and also there was wastage ‬‬
‫‪of nutrients and water ‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪The new technology can be further popularized. ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫تجربة تبني تقنية الكفاءة و الكثافة العالية للمياه‪ ‬لحماية المحاصيل النقدية على‬
‫األراضي الغير منتجة‬
‫الملخص‬
‫تعتب ر طريق ة الزراع ة ب دون ترب ة م ن أح دث الط رق الزراعي ة ف ي المن اطق الت ي يص عب فيھ ا الزراع ة‪ .‬حي ث ق ام قس م بح وث البس تنة و‬
‫الزراعة المحمي ة بتطبي ق تقني ة زراع ة الخي ار ب دون ترب ة مس تخدمين ب ذلك البيرالي ت كوس ط لنم و النب ات خ الل ال ثالث س نوات الس ابقة )‪ ‬‬
‫‪ (2008 ،2007 ،2006‬في إحدى محميات محطة التج ارب الزراعي ة بالرابي ة و التابع ة للھيئ ة العام ة لش ئون الزراع ة و الث روة الس مكية‪ .‬‬
‫حيث كانت النتائج ناجحة و مرضية جدا عند مقارنتھا بالزراعة التقليدية للخيار‪ .‬‬
‫إن ھذا التقرير بما يحتويه من معلومات و مالحظات ‪ ،‬وسيله لنقل تقنية الزراعة بدون تربة للمزارعين المحلي ين ‪.‬و ذل ك‪ ‬بع د نج اح تطبي ق‬
‫تقنية الزراعة بدون تربة في مزرعة المواطن سعود محمد كميخ العازمي في مزرعته في منطقة الوفرة الزراعية‪ .‬‬
‫المقدمة‬
‫تعتبر تقنية الزراعة بدون تربة من أفضل أنواع الزراعة خصوصا في المناطق التي تستحيل فيھا الزراعة الرتفاع الملوح ة و نس بة القلوي ة‬
‫بالتربة‪ ،‬كما أنھا تعتبر من أكثر التقنيات الزراعية سھوله‪ ،‬وشأنھا شأن بقية التقنيات الزراعية ‪ ،‬فإن لديھا بع ض العي وب مقارن ة بمميزاتھ ا‬
‫العديدة‪ .‬‬
‫من أھم مميزاتھا‬

‫زيادة اإلنتاج أضعافا ً عن إنتاج الزراعة في التربة العادية‪ .‬‬ ‫•‬
‫التحكم بمستوى العناصر الغذائية مع المحافظة على توازن العناصر في وسط النمو‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫إمكانية اإلنتاج الزراعي في مناطق تستحيل فيھا الزراعة بالطرق التقليدية‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ترشيد استھالك المياه‪ ،‬حيث يصل التوفير في كمية المياه إلى ‪ %90‬من المياه المستھلكة‪ .‬‬ ‫•‬
‫االقتصاد في األيدي العاملة‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ارتفاع جودة المحاصيل المنتجة ‪ .‬‬ ‫•‬
‫إنتاج محاصيل في غير مواسمھا‪ .‬‬ ‫•‬
‫منع الفرصة لنمو األعشاب الضارة حول النباتات‪ .‬‬ ‫•‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫و من أھم عيوبھا‬
‫الكلفة العالية نسبيا لرأس المال والطاقة عند إنشاء المشروع‪ .‬‬
‫الحاجة إلى استخدام قوى بشرية ماھرة ومدربة ‪ ‬‬
‫ومن أنواع أوساط النمو التي يمكن استخدامھا في تقنية الزراعة بدون تربة البيراليت‪ ،‬الفيرموكليت ‪ ،‬الحصى و الصوف المعدني ‪ ....‬إلخ‪ .‬‬
‫يعتبر الخيار من أھم المحاصيل الخضرية التي يمكن زراعتھا داخل البيوت المحمية ‪ .‬وھذا ما‪ ‬‬
‫أشار إليه الخبراء على أن الخيار يحتوى على أنزيم "ايريبسين"‪ ‬الذي يساعد على ھضم المواد‪ ‬البروتينية فضال عن احتوائه عل ى العناص ر‬
‫المعدنية المھمة كالبوتاسيوم الضروري‪ ‬لتنظيم ضغط‪ ‬الدم الشرياني‪. ‬ھذا ويعتبر الخيار من الخضار الغنية بالماء‪ ‬وبالرغم م ن ان ه ال يحت وي‬
‫على عناصر غذائية عديدة‪ ،‬إال أنه يحتوي على كميات كبيرة من ‪ ‬فيتامين "أ"‪ ‬وفيتامين "س‪ ".‬فيتامين "ج" المض اد لألكس دة‪ ‬و ال ذي يس تخدم‬
‫كملطف لبشرة الوجه والمحافظة على نقائھا ونض ارتھا ‪ ‬وإزال ة الس واد ح ول العين ين ‪ ،‬وينص ح بتن اول الخي ار دون تقش يره نظ راً ألن لقش ر‬
‫الخيار فوائد ال يستھان بھا‪ ‬كما‪ ‬أكدته دراسة علمية قام بھا مركز البحوث البيئية بجامعة أسيوط أن ثمار الخيار فعالة‪ ‬في عالج االض طرابات‬
‫البولية ومنع تكون الحصوات في الكلى والحالب باعتباره ‪ ‬مدر جيد للبول إلى جانب دوره ‪ ‬الحيوي‪ ‬في تخفيف االض طرابات الھض مية و يع د‬
‫مادة ملينة‪ ‬لألمعاء نظرا الحتوائ ه عل ى نس بة عالي ة م ن األلي اف الغذائي ة‪ .‬كم ا يحت وي الخي ار عل ى م واد قلوي ة‪ ‬ل ذا فھ و يس اعد عل ى ض بط‬
‫التوازن الحمضي‪ ‬القاعدي‪ ‬في الجسم ويمنع زيادة نسبة الحوامض‪ ‬في الدم ‪ ..‬‬
‫و يعتبر محصول الخيار من المحاصيل الخضرية المرغوبة لدى المزارع و المواطن الكويتي و التي عل ى أساس ھا ق ام الب احثين ف ي الھيئ ة‬
‫العامة للزراعة بإجراء تجربة الزراعة بدون تربة لمحصول الخيار داخل محطة التجارب الزراعية التابع ة للھيئ ة ‪ ،‬و ذل ك تفادي ا لمش اكل‬
‫ندرة المياه و ارتفاع نسبة الملوحة في التربة‪ . ‬و استطاع الباحثون و بنج اح التوص ل إل ى إنتاجي ة محص ول خي ار ذو ج ودة عالي ة‪ ،‬و الت ي‬
‫على أساسھا تم نقل ھذه التقنية إلى المزارعين لالستفادة من مميزاتھا‪ .‬‬
‫مكان التجربة‪ :‬منطقة الوفرة الزراعية‪ .‬‬
‫اسم المزرعة‪ :‬مزرعة السيد‪ /‬سعود محمد كميخ العازمي‪ .‬‬
‫مساحة البيت المحمي‪) 35 : ‬طول(‪) 8.5 × ‬عرض(‪ .... ‬كما ھو موضح بالصورة رقم ‪ 2 ، 1‬‬
‫تاريخ إقامة التجربة‪ :‬بدأ التشتيل بتاريخ ‪ 2009/2/13‬البداية الفعلية للتجربة‪ 2009/3/12 :‬‬
‫المحصول المستخدم‪ :‬الخيار صنف أربيال‪ ‬‬
‫طريقة العمل‬
‫أوالً‪ :‬الزراعة‬
‫‐‪ ‬تم البدء أوال بتشتيل الب ذور ف ي ق وارير جيف ي و الت ي تحت وي عل ى خل يط م ن الترب ة الزراعي ة و البيرالي ت ‪ ،‬بع دھا ي تم زراعتھ ا بالبي ت‬
‫المحمي بعد ظھور ‪ 5‐4‬أوراق حيث تحتاج إلى شھر تقريبا ‪ .‬كما ھو موضح بالصور المرفقة رقم ‪ .3‬‬
‫‪ ) ‐ ‬بتاريخ ‪ 2009/2/13‬تم تشتيل بذور الخيار من صنف أربيال في المحمية المخصص ة ل ذلك ‪ ) ‬الحاض نة(‪ ‬مس تخدمين أص ص ص غيرة‬
‫مخصصة لعملية التبذير )‪ ‬قوارير جيفي(‪ .‬و التي تحتوي على تربة زراعية و بيراليت على عمق ‪ 8‬سم‪ .‬‬
‫‐‪ ‬زراعة شتالت الخيار داخل البيت المحمي بعد مرور ‪ 27‬يوم من عملية التبذير )بتاريخ ‪ ،(2009/3/12‬حيث تمت زراعتھا في ق وارير‬
‫سوداء )‪ ‬عمقھا ‪ 25‬سم(‪ ‬مملوءة بالبيراليت بعمق ‪ 8‬سم ‪ ،‬على مس احة كلي ة تع ادل ‪ 204‬مت ر مرب ع و كثاف ة نباتي ة تق در ب ـ ‪ 2.4‬نبت ة ‪ /‬مت ر‬
‫مربع‪ .‬كما ھو موضح بالصورة رقم ‪ .4‬تتراوح درجات الحرارة داخل البيت المحمي )‪ ‬البالستيكي(‪ ‬العظمى ‪ º 40‬و الصغرى ‪ .º8‬كم ا ھ و‬
‫موضح بالجدول التالي ‪ :‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫النسبة المئوية للرطوبة‪ %‬‬ ‫أدنى درجة حرارة )‪ (0C‬‬ ‫أعلى درجة حرارة)‪ (0C‬‬ ‫الفترة الزمنية ‪ ‬‬
‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪ 19‬‬ ‫فبراير‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 82‬‬ ‫‪ 14‬‬ ‫‪ 22‬‬ ‫مارس‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 82‬‬ ‫‪ 22‬‬ ‫‪ 32‬‬ ‫أبريل ‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 82‬‬ ‫‪ 32‬‬ ‫‪ 40‬‬ ‫مايو‬
‫‐‪ ‬العدد اإلجمالي للنباتات المزروعة ‪ 496‬نبتة تم تقسيمھا على أربع خطوط مزدوجة‪ ،‬يحتوي كل خط على ‪ 62‬نبت ة عل ى مس افة تع ادل ‪ 50‬‬
‫سم بين كل خطين و ‪ 40‬سم بين كل نبتة و أخرى في الخط و ‪ 130‬سم بين كل خطين مزدوجين‪ ).‬مرفق مخطط توضيحي للتجربة(‪ .‬‬
‫‐‪ ‬الجدول التالي يوضح كمية البيراليت المستخدمة بالتجربة‪ :‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫الكمية بالكيلو‪ ‬‬ ‫عدد األكياس‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 5‬كيلو جرام ‪ /‬كيس‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 70‬كيس‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 350‬كيلو جرام ‪ ‬‬ ‫اإلجمالي‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫ثانيا‪ :‬الري‬
‫تم استخدام نظام الري بالتنقيط ‪ ،‬مستخدمين بذلك األھواز المنقطة وذلك لضمان حص ول ك ل نبت ة عل ى المق دار الك افي م ن المي اه العذب ة و‬
‫العناصر المغذية‪ .‬‬
‫‪ ‬الجدول التالي يوضح عملية الري للنباتات‪.‬‬
‫المالحظات‪ ‬‬ ‫كمية مياه الري‪ ‬‬ ‫المدة ‪ ‬‬ ‫الفترة ) باألسبوع(‪ ‬‬
‫مرة واحدة باليوم‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 200‬ملي ‪ /‬نبتة ‪ /‬باليوم‪ ‬‬ ‫دقيقتان‪ ‬‬ ‫األسبوع األول‪ ‬‬
‫على فترتين باليوم الواحد )‪ 3‬دقائق للفترة الواحدة(‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 330‬ملي ‪ /‬نبتة ‪ /‬باليوم‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 6‬دقائق‪ ‬‬ ‫األسبوع الثاني ‪Å‬األسبوع الرابع‪ ‬‬
‫على ثالث فترات باليوم )‪ 6‬دقائق للفترة الواحدة(‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 990‬ملي ‪ /‬نبتة ‪ /‬باليوم‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 12‬دقيقة‪ ‬‬ ‫األسبوع الخامس ‪ Å‬نھاية الموسم‪ ‬‬
‫ثالثا‪ :‬التسميد‬
‫تعتمد عملية التسميد على ‪ 3‬مخصبات ض رورية لعملي ة الزراع ة وھ ي ‪, (12:12:36) (18:18:18) NPK:‬العناص ر الص غرى و نت رات‬
‫الكالسيوم‪ .‬الجدول التالي يوضح عملية التسميد للنباتات‪ .‬‬
‫الكمية‪ ‬‬ ‫نوع السماد‪ ‬‬ ‫الفترة‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 2.5‬جرام‪/‬نبتة باألسبوع ‪ ‬‬ ‫الكريستالون ‪ 18 : 18 : 18‬‬ ‫األسبوع األول ‪ Å‬األسبوع الرابع‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 10‬جرام‪/‬نبتة باألسبوع )على فترتين(‪ ‬‬ ‫الكريستالون ‪ 36 : 12 : 12‬‬ ‫األسبوع الخامس ‪ Å‬األسبوع الثامن‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 15‬جرام‪/‬نبتة باألسبوع )على فترتين(‪ ‬‬ ‫الكريستالون ‪ 36 : 12 : 12‬‬ ‫األسبوع التاسع ‪ Å‬نھاية الموسم‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 0.5‬جرام‪/‬نبتة باألسبوع ‪ ‬‬ ‫العناصر الصغرى‪ ‬‬ ‫األسبوع التاسع ‪ +‬العاشر ‪ +‬السابع عشر‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 1.0‬جرام‪/‬نبتة باألسبوع ‪ ‬‬ ‫نترات الكالسيوم ‪ ‬‬ ‫األسبوع السابع ‪ +‬التاسع ‪ +‬الثاني عشر‪ ‬‬
‫رابعا ً‪ :‬المكافحة و رش المبيدات‬

‫تمت عملية مقاومة اآلفات و الحشرات برش النباتات بمبيدات حشرية ‪ ،‬كما ھو موضح بالجدول التالي‪ :‬‬
‫الجرعة‪ ‬‬ ‫نوع المبيد‪ ‬‬ ‫الفترة‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 35‬ملي ‪ 100 /‬ملي ماء‪ ‬‬ ‫مبيد األباماكتين ‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 12.3.2009‬‬
‫‪ 50‬ملي ‪ 100 /‬ملي ماء‪ ‬‬ ‫مبيد أستابلن‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 15.4.2009‬‬
‫‪ 35‬ملي ‪ 100 /‬ملي ماء‪ ‬‬ ‫مبيد كونفيدور‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 8.5.2009‬‬
‫خامسا‪ :‬طرق العناية‬

‫خالل الفترة األولى من الزراعة تمت العناية بھا عن طريق إزال ة األج زاء اللولبي ة م ن النب ات )‪ (Tendril‬وذل ك لتحفي ز النم و و من ع الت واء‬
‫النبتة حول الخيوط البيضاء‪ .‬‬
‫إزالة جميع األزھار منذ بداية تكوينھا وذلك لتعزيز نموھا ‪ .‬‬
‫إزالة جميع األوراق القديمة و المصابة وذلك لمنع انتشار اإلصابات و األمراض إلى بقية األجزاء النباتية‪ .‬‬
‫تخطيط األعمدة التالي يوضح النتائج‪ :‬‬
‫‪200‬‬
‫‪150‬‬
‫‪Yield kg‬‬
‫‪100‬‬
‫‪50‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪4‐Mar 14‐Mar 16‐Mar 19‐Mar 21‐Mar 23‐Mar 26‐Mar 29‐Mar 2‐Apr 5‐Apr 8‐Apr 11‐Apr 14‐Apr 17‐Apr‬‬
‫النتائج‬
‫عدد مرات الحصاد التي تمت على محصول الخيار ‪ 14‬مرة‪ ،‬وھي تتم كل أسبوع تقريب ا‪ ،‬الج دول الت الي يوض ح كمي ات الحص اد ب الكرتون‬
‫التي تمت خالل الفترة من أوائل شھر ابريل حتى منتصف مايو‪ ،‬ويحتوي كل كرتون ‪ 3‬كجم‪ :‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫كمية الحصاد ‪ ‬‬ ‫تاريخ الحصاد‪ ‬‬ ‫كمية الحصاد ‪ ‬‬ ‫تاريخ الحصاد‪ ‬‬ ‫كمي ة الحص اد ‪Yield in ‬‬ ‫تاريخ الحصاد‪ ‬‬
‫‪ Yield in kg‬‬ ‫‪ Date of harvest‬‬ ‫‪ Yield in kg‬‬ ‫‪ Date of harvest‬‬ ‫‪ kg‬‬ ‫‪ Date of harvest‬‬
‫‪ 147‬‬ ‫‪ 8‐5‐2009‬‬ ‫‪ 114‬‬ ‫‪ 23‐4‐2009‬‬ ‫‪ 6‬‬ ‫‪ 4‐4‐2009‬‬
‫‪ 135‬‬ ‫‪ 11‐5‐2009‬‬ ‫‪ 177‬‬ ‫‪ 26‐4‐2009‬‬ ‫‪ 87‬‬ ‫‪ 14‐4‐2009‬‬
‫‪ 114‬‬ ‫‪ 14‐5‐2009‬‬ ‫‪ 132‬‬ ‫‪ 29‐4‐2009‬‬ ‫‪ 84‬‬ ‫‪ 16‐4‐2009‬‬
‫‪ 108‬‬ ‫‪ 17‐5‐2009‬‬ ‫‪ 141‬‬ ‫‪ 2‐5‐2009‬‬ ‫‪ 66‬‬ ‫‪ 19‐4‐2009‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 117‬‬ ‫‪ 5‐5‐2009‬‬ ‫‪ 81‬‬ ‫‪ 21‐4‐2009‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫أكبر كمية حصاد تمت في تاريخ ‪ 2009/4/26‬وأقلھا في ‪ 2009/4/4‬‬
‫*‪ ‬تخطيط األعمدة التالي يوضح نتائج تجربة الزراعة بدون تربة المقامة في الرابية و الوفرة مع الزراعة التقليدية لدى المزارع ‪ :‬‬
‫الجدول التالي يوضح معدل طول النبتة خالل الموسم الزراعي‪ :‬‬
‫معدل التغيير في طول الساق خالل شھر‪ ‬‬ ‫طول الساق‪ ‬‬ ‫الفترة‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 71.5‬سم‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ /14‬إبريل‪ 2009/‬‬
‫‪ 108.75‬سم‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 180.25‬سم‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ /16‬مايو‪ 2009/‬‬
‫‪ 216‬سم‪ ‬‬ ‫أقصى ارتفاع للنبتة‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 133‬سم‪ ‬‬ ‫أدنى ارتفاع للنبتة‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫الجدول التالي يوضح معدل طول و قطر الثمرة مقارنة مع زراعة الخيار التقليدية للزارع‪ :‬‬
‫زراعة الخيار بدون تربة‪ ‬‬ ‫زراعة الخيار التقليدية ‪ ‬‬
‫قطر الثمرة)سم( ‪ ‬‬ ‫قطر الثمرة)سم( ‪ ‬‬ ‫طول الثمرة)سم( ‪ ‬‬ ‫قطر الثمرة)سم( ‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 21.1‬‬ ‫‪12.25‬‬ ‫‪14.3‬‬ ‫‪10.9‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫الجدول التالي يوضح معدل اإلنتاج‪ :‬‬

‫‪ 14‬‬ ‫عدد مرات الحصاد خالل الموسم الزراعي‪ ‬‬
‫‪) 503‬محتوى الكرتون ‪ 3‬كيلو(‪ ‬‬ ‫إجمالي اإلنتاج بالكرتون‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 1509‬كيلو جرام‪ ‬‬ ‫إجمالي اإلنتاج بالكيلو جرام‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 177‬كيلو جرام ‪ ‬‬ ‫أعلى معدل للحصاد ‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 54‬كيلو جرام ‪ ‬‬ ‫أدنى معدل للحصاد ‪ ‬‬
‫‐‪ ‬كانت متانة النبات و جودة الثمار ممتازة مقارنة مع الزراعة التقليدية للخيار‪ .‬مراحل النمو مبينة بالصور التوضيحية المرفقة من ‪ 5‬الى ‪ 8‬‬
‫المشاكل و المعوقات‬
‫‐‪ ‬في أواخر شھر إبريل تم تسجيل بعض األعراض الناتجة ع ن نق ص الكالس يوم وبع ض العناص ر الص غرى‪ ،‬ولكنھ ا ل م تظھ ر أي اس تجابة‬
‫حتى عند إضافة الكالسيوم و العناصر الصغرى الضرورية‪ .‬ومنھا تم استنتاج أن ھذه األع راض ناتج ة ع ن ارتف اع درج ات الح رارة داخ ل‬
‫البيت المحمي ‪ ،‬و ھذه األعراض ظھرت فقط في البيت المحمي الذي أقيمت عليه تجربتنا الن نظام التبريد المس تخدم داخ ل ھ ذا البي ت ق ديم‬
‫جدا وال يعمل بالكفاءة المطلوبة ‪ ،‬كما أن مساحة البيت المحمي كبيرة جدا على أن يحتوي على نظ ام تبري د ونظ ام تھوي ة واح د‪ ،‬وعلي ه ف إن‬
‫البيت المحمي غير مالئم إلقامة ھذه التجربة في ظل ظروف االرتفاع الكبير لدرجات الحرارة‪ .‬كما ھو موضح بالصور رقم ‪ .9‬‬
‫‐‪ ‬عدم التمكن من السيطرة عل ى حش رة الم ن الت ي أص ابت المحص ول وذل ك إلحاط ة المحمي ة ب الكثير م ن المحاص يل المختلف ة و المص ابة‬
‫أساسا ً بنفس الحشرة‪ .‬حي ث ت م رش المحص ول ‪ 7‬م رات خ الل الموس م الزراع ي و ال يمك ن تك رار عملي ة ال رش لم دة أط ول وذل ك لت أثيره‬
‫السلبي على سالمة وجودة الثمار‪ .‬كما موضح بالصور رقم‪ .10‬‬
‫‐‪ ‬تأخر استالم المخصصات المالي ة لش راء المس تلزمات الزراعي ة ‪ ،‬فق د ت م اس تالم المب الغ المالي ة ف ي وق ت انتھ اء الموس م الزراع ي ‪ ،‬و ل م‬
‫نتمكن من االلتزام بالجدول الزمني المرفق‪ .‬‬
‫‐‪ ‬تم تطبيق التجربة في مزرعة واحدة فقط لعدم وجود تعاون و استجابة من قبل المزارعين لنقل التجربة لمزارعھم‪ .‬‬
‫‐‪ ‬صعوبة في توفير وسيلة نقل إلى المزرعة في بداية التجربة مما تسبب في عدم متابعتھا بشكل دوري و منتظم و تسجيل البيان ات و توجي ه‬
‫التعليمات و اإلرشادات للمھندس المسئول عن التجربة في المزرعة‪ .‬‬
‫‐‪ ‬رفض المزارعين لتعبئة نموذج االستبيان المرسل من قبل منظم ة اإليك اردا‪ ،‬حي ث ت م توزي ع ع دد ‪ 20‬نس خة لك ل م ن منطقت ي العب دلي و‬
‫الوفرة الزراعية‪ .‬‬
‫‐‪ ‬عدم فعالية نظام التبريد و نظام التھوية في البيت المحمي المقام فيه التجربة‪ .‬‬
‫المناقشة والتوصيات‪:‬‬
‫على ال رغم م ن ك ل المش اكل الت ي واجھتن ا خ الل الموس م الزراع ي إال أن النت ائج الت ي ت م التوص ل إليھ ا كان ت مرض ية و ناجح ة بالنس بة‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫لصاحب المزرعة عند مقارنة نتائجھا مع النتائج التي حصل عليھا من خالل زراعته التقليدية للخيار داخل مزرعته‪ ،‬وذلك يرجع لقل ة تكلف ة‬
‫المواد األولية وخاصة البيراليت وزيادة معدل اإلنتاجية للمحصول‪ .‬حي ث ك ان إجم الي اإلنت اج م ن ‪ 460‬نبت ة قمن ا بزراعتھ ا ‪ 1.5‬ط ن ف ي‬
‫خالل ‪ 14‬قطفة ‪ ،‬بينما كان معدل اإلنتاج من الزراعة التقليدية ‪ 1000 – 700‬كيلو من إجم الي ‪ 800‬نبت ة مزروع ة‪ .‬وعل ى ال رغم م ن ك ل‬
‫ھذه الصعاب و قلة اإلمكانيات المتوفرة داخل البيت المحمي‪ ) ‬سوء نظام التبريد و نظام التھوية( وقلة األيدي العامل ة ت م الحص ول عل ى ھ ذه‬
‫النتائج المرضية و التي يمكننا نقلھا إلى المزارع الكويتي‪ ).‬مرفق شھادة إيفاد من مدير المزرعة بتضاعف كميات اإلنتاج(‪ ‬‬
‫وبما أن ‪ ‬معظم األراضي في دولة الكويت‪ ‬أراضي ذات تربة رملية مفككة قليلة االحتفاظ بالمياه‪ ،‬وذات محتوى ض ئيل م ن الم واد العض وية‬
‫بسبب ارتفاع درجات الحرارة وقلة الغطاء النباتي‪ .‬وبما أن دولة الكويت‪ ‬تتميز بمناخ قاسي معظم السنة والذي يتضمن شح في األمطار مع‬
‫معدالت بخر و نتح عالية‪ .‬فإن تقنية الزراعة بدون تربة تقدم سياسة المنھج البديل للزراعة الواعدة‪ .‬‬
‫و من خالل الدراسات العلمي ة تب ين أن لھ ذه التقني ة ج دوى اقتص ادية وبش كل رئيس ي ف ي زراع ة الخض روات باإلض افة ألھميتھ ا ف ي إدارة‬
‫الموارد المائية‪ ,‬كما أن بعض الدول أصبحت تنتج الجزء األكبر من بعض المحاصيل الزراعية باستخدام ھذه التقنية وأصبحت ھ ذه التقني ة‬
‫تمثل مستقبل الزراعة‪.‬وج دير بال ذكر أن م ن المھ م وض ع تقني ات زراعي ة مناس بة و الت ي تق وم عل ى التك اليف المنخفض ة ‪ ،‬ألن الم زارعين‬
‫بحاجة ماسة إلى مثل ھذه األنظمة الزراعية التي سيكون لھا أكبر دخل اقتصادي بعد انتھاء الموسم الزراعي‪ .‬‬
‫‪Acknowledgement‬‬
‫‪The researchers have extended sincere thanks to Salwa Al Oraifan, Director Plant wealth sector, Mehar Al Hunaidi ‬‬
‫‪General supervisor and Sausan Muhammed Al Salem for providing all technical and moral support for making this ‬‬
‫‪adaptive research trial a grand success. Researchers are also grateful to Prassanna Kumar Farm Manager for ‬‬
‫‪executing our work with utmost sincerity in the midst of his limitations.. ‬‬
‫‪References‬‬
‫‪Singh Kirti,(1976).Manorial requirements of vegetables, Indian council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.pp.64 ‬‬
‫‪Tiwari and Chonkar.V.S.(1967) Studies on the effect of foliar application of urea on the growth and yield of tomato ‬‬
‫‪(Lycopersicum esculentum.Mill).Indian J.Hort,24(3&4)173‐179 ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪Plate.1 A view of the green house ‬‬ ‫‪Plate.2 Inside view of the green house before starting ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪Plate.3 Rope cooling system ‬‬ ‫‪Plate.4 Seeds were sown in Jiffy pots ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪Pate.5 Seedlings transplanted in big pots ‬‬ ‫‪Plate.6.Inside view of the green house ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

Plate.7 Seedlings a week after planting Plate.8 Vines started flowering

Plate.9 Active flowering stage Plate.10 Active flowering stage

Plate.11 Plants after a windy day Plate.12 Aphids ‐ A real threat to the trial

Plate.13 Fruiting stage

Adoption of Integrated Management for Protection and Production
(IPPM) of high Quality Crops with less Amount of Pesticide Residue

Amal Abdul Kareem1, Dr. Mohammed Fedel Shadi2, Mohammed Riaz Feroz3, Mohammed
A. Ma’arafy4, Hanan M Al‐Juma’a4, Munira Al Arafa5, Mani Al Arada5, Ebtehal Hussain
Gareeb6, Aysan Al Azmi5,Manal Sadeq7, Amal AL‐Reshidi7
1‐ Incharge Research Project, 2‐ Experiment Supervisor, 3‐ Plant Disease Expert/Plant Pathologist, 4‐Senior
Analyst Agric. Samples, 5‐Assistant Chemical Enginee, 6‐ Senior Analyst Agric. Samples, 7‐Junior Researcher‐
Biology
Abstract
Implementation of IPPM program was adopted at Burgan farms in Agric Areas of Kuwait, Abdalli and Wafra.
For this purpose cucumber varieties Sultan and Sulaiman were cultivated during 1st and 2nd crops respectively
in both farms. The results are as follows:
Yield / sq.m
In case of 1st crop in both farms (Abdlli & Wafra ) the produce per sq. meter was 3.650 kg.
In case of 2nd crop there was difference observed. Burgan farm Abdalli gave higher yield (7.8 kg) per sq. meter
whereas it was (3.84 kg) per sq. meter in Wafra.
Yield / cubic meter of irrigation water
Water quantity used was more in Wafra as compared to Abdali.
Average yield was 82.5 kg/m3 of irrigation water in first crop at Wafra and it was 45.6 kg/m3 in Abdalli.
In 2nd crop at wafra yield was 20.37 kg/m3.
Introduction
Under the light of the results and experience gained from the project / experiments by PAAF in co‐ordination
with other National & international organizations & Authorities during 2001‐2005 an agreement was signed
between PAAF and ICARDA to transfer the results and achievements of these experiments to the fields of the
Kuwaiti farmers selected as model field experiments for the guidance of the other farmers.
On the basis of the agreement research teams were selected by the Directorate of Agricultural Research and
Nurseries, PAAF to implement/apply the results of the experiments conducted during 2001‐2005.
Among them, IPPM experiment was conducted to get the high quality produce with least pesticide residuals
effects.
Objective
To conduct IPPM experiment at Agricultural Areas of the State of Kuwait ( Agricultural Area , Abdalli and
Agricultural Area, Wafra) as guide lines / models for farmers starting from the beginning of the experiment to
the profuce safe and free of pesticides residues , high quality and higher yield of cucumber fruit.
Site of the Experiment

Burgan Agric. Farm – Agric. Area ,Abdalli
Burgan Agric. Farm – Agric. Area , Wafra
Duration of experiment: Three years Date of commencing experiment: August, 2008
Steps in implementing IPPM program
First step: arrangements and preparation of soil solarization experiment

1‐It was agreed / decided to conduct the said experiment on the Burgan Agric. Farms at Agricultural Areas
Abdalli and Wafra.
2‐ Soil Solarization experiment was conducted / implemented in both farms because solarization is the basic
step / basis of IPPM Program. This is to get benefit from solar energy and sun heat to sterilize agricultural soil
and to minimize the use of chemicals & pesticides to prevent agricultural soil from being polluted.

3‐Plastic cover of the said green house was removed to get effective results.
4‐ Soil was leveled and irrigation pipes (hose) were laid down.
5‐Soil surface was covered with transparent plastic sheet (200µ), buried with soil on all sides to avoid release
of heat etc.
6. Maximum irrigation water was applied to reach at 30 cms depth, twice a week during solarization period.
7‐ Soil Solarization period was 6 weeks.
Second step: date of carrying out soil solarization

1. Burqan Farm‐Abdalli: Solarization started on 4/8/2008 till 19/9/2008.
2‐ Burgan Farm‐Wafra: Solarization started on 3/8/2008 till 17/9/2008
Third step : green house materials for cultivation

1. Sowing of seeds of cucumber in the farm nursery (variety Sultan) was done at BAFI farm, Wafra on 7/9/2008
and was transplanted in the green house on 20/9/2008.
2. Sowing of seeds of cucumber in the farm nursery (variety Sultan) on 8/9/2008 and then transplanted in the
G.H on 19/4/2009 in BAFI Farm, Abdalli.
3. Direct seed sowing in the green house in 3 lines was done to compare the methods of sowing and its effect
on the yield.
a. Cucumber crop was selected for the experiment due to following reasons :
• Because on cucumber experiment had been already conducted for five years 2001‐2005.
• Because it is a strategic / basic crop covering a large area in Kuwait and it is among the daily
required product for nationals.
• Cucumber crop among the suitable and important crops for experiment due to short cropping
period within about 120 days according to the variety and date / period of sowing.
b. Weekly follow up for the experiment to both farms was conducted.
c. Experiment was conducted in G.H with cooling system with farms.
Fourth step: adoption of integrated production and management (IPPM) for the production of
high quality cash crops less pesticide residue in the state of kuwait 2008-2009
A - IPPM experiment at Burgan farms, agriculture area , Abdalli
A-1 - 1st crop/autumn crop of cucumber 2008-2009
Experiment:
• Cultivation of cucumber crop on Organic Soil
• Variety ‐ Sultan F1 Hybrid
• Site of experiment conducted: BAFI Agri. Farms, Abdalli
Objective:
To conduct IPPM experiment at Agricultural Areas of the State of Kuwait ( Agricultural Area , Abdalli and
Agricultural Area, Wafra) as guide lines / models for farmers starting from the beginning of the experiment to
produce safe and free of pesticides residues , high quality and higher yield of cucumber fruit.
Steps taken to run the experiment

• Date of sowing seeds: 07‐09‐2008.
• Date of transplanting seedlings: 20.09.2008.
• Greenhouse area: 36m X 9m= 324 m².
• Number of plants: 840 plants
• Yield per square meter: 3.500 kg.
•
st
End of the experiment 1 crop on 05‐01‐2009.
• Length of crop duration: 107 days.

Bio / organic pesticide

Organic cultivation means without spraying any chemical pesticide on plants. The only Bio‐pesticide was used
King‐Bo 0.6% i.e. organic pesticide with oxymoron (0.2%) + Prosuler (0.4%) which is an insecticide against
aphids and mites.
Table 1 Bio / Organic Pesticide Schedule 2008‐2009
Date Pesticide Active ingredients Target pests Dose
18/10/2008 King‐Bo Oxymatrine (0.2%)+Prosuler (0.4%) Aphids and mites. 2ml/L
28/10/2008 King‐Bo Oxymatrin (0.2%)+Prosuler (0.4%) Aphids and mites. 2ml/L
*Organic manure
3/11/2008 ‐ Downy Mildew 40g/liter
(fermented)
20/11/2008 King‐Bo Oxymatrine (0.2%)+Prosuler (0.4%) aphids and mites. 2ml/L
*Organic Manure Used was Indian organic manure consisting of an extract of neem trees and volcano soil (5kg/10Liters of water)
Table No. 2 Organic Manure Application Schedule
Rates applied
S.No Date Organic Manure with irrigation leaf direct soil
water spray application
1 12/9/2008 Shrungi‐bioboost‐Liquid ‐‐ 2ml ‐‐
2 17/9/2008 Shrungi‐bioboost‐Ngranules ‐‐ 10 gm
3 25/9/2008 Shrungi‐bioboost‐Liquid 3ml ‐‐ ‐‐
10/10/2008
14/10/2008
6 17‐18‐19‐ Fermented organic manure solution (5kg/10 of 2 ml / plant ‐‐ ‐‐
20/10/2008 water solution)
29/10/2008
8 5/11/2008 Shrungi‐bioboost‐N granules ‐‐ ‐‐ 10 gms
9 13/11/2008 Fermented organic manure solution (5kg/10 of 2 ml / plant ‐‐ ‐‐
14/11/2008 water solution)
15/11/2008
16/11/2008
10 25/11/2008 Shrungi‐bioboost‐Liquid 5 ml ‐‐ ‐‐
28/11/2008
Quantity of irrigation water consumed during cropping period

(First crop)
Average irrigation water/plant/day = 650ml
Crop period – (07/09/2008 – 05/01/2009) = 107 days
Total irrigation water applied/plant = 650/1000 X 107
Total quantity of water applied to the crop = 650/1000 X 107 X 840 = 58422 L of water
Figure # 1 yield and pickings of first crop, Abdalli.
140
120
Yield (kg)
100
80
60
40
20
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Numer of pickups


A-2 - 2nd CROP Burgan Farms, agriculture area , Abdalli.,

• Organic soil cultivation of cucumber.
• Sultan F1 Hybrid.
• Burgan Agri. Farm, Abdalli.
Soil preparation was performed with disc plough. Then again ploughed and left for one week for aeration
sterilized organic manure (Avicumis) 40kg/line was added and ploughed to mix the manure. Then plots were
prepared, irrigation pipes (hoses) were laid down, water was applied to ferment manure for two days.
Objective
• Date of sowing seed: 11 / 04 / 2009
• Date of transplanting: 19 / 04 / 2009
• Cropping period: 79 days.
• Greenhouse area: 36m X 9m = 324m².
• Number of seedlings: 840.
• Cropping season off: 07/07/2009.
Table No.3 Pesticide Application Schedule 2008‐2009
Date Pesticide Dose/L Target pests
3/5/2009 Bio pesticide –King‐Bo @ 2ml/l Aphids and mites
27/5/2009 Pesticide soap (liquid) @ 1ml/l Aphid
28/5/2009 Bio pesticide @ 2ml Aphids and mites
8/6/2009 ‐King‐Bo @ 2ml
17/6/2009 Pesticide soap @ 1ml Aphid
18/6/2009 King‐Bo @ 2ml Aphids and mites
24/6/2009 King‐Bo @ 2ml
28/6/2009 Agro 2002 @ 3ml
Application of fermented organic manure

Organic manure @ ½ kg/ liter of water fermented for 4 day with addition of 2gm/ liter of calcium nitrate was
applied in irrigation water with the following schedule.
Table No.4 Application of Organic Manure
S.N Date of application Rate of application No. of irrigation Time of irrigation
1 28/5/2009 0.5ml/plant/day two irrigations 10 seconds each
2 1/6/2009 0.5ml/plant/day two irrigations 10 second each
6 9/6/2009 0.5ml /plant/day two irrigations 10 second each

Total irrigation water consumed = 66230 Liters for 2nd crop.


Observations
• 26/5/2009: Organic manure was applied on the surface of soil at each drip point and mixed with soil.
• 2/6/2009 Appearance of soil borne disease in first 1/3 of the 3rd line.
• 9/6/2009 : Aborted fruits appeared due to repeatedly break down of electricity for many days
• 21/6/2009 : Severe attack of insect including aphid and green worm appeared with the repeating spray of
King‐Bo insects being immune to it.
Figure # 2 pickings and yield of cucumber fruit during second crop in Abdalli Agric. Area (Burgan Farm).
700
600
Weight (Kg)
500
400
300
200
100
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
No. of picking

B - IPPM experiment as model for farmers in the technology transfer project Burgan Farms,
Agriculture area , WAFRA 2008-2009
B 1 - Cucumber first crop (2008-2009 )

• Sowing of seeds on 5/9/2008
• Transplanting seedlings on 13/9/2008
• Number of plants = 437 plant
• First picking on 13/10/2008
• Uprooting of plants on 3/12/2008
• Length of cropping period = 105 days
• Total yield = 639.400kg
• Yield per meter square = 3.650k
Table 5 Application of Pesticides Schedule used
Name a/i Dose/100 L Time of spray Target pests
Phentrothione 50% 100 ml 13.10.08 – 12.11.08 at one week interval Whitefly
Ridomil Gold 42%Metaloxyle 12.5%+ 400 gm Appearance of disease 23.10 – 23.11.08 Downy mildew
Plus copper oxychloride 40% (4 sprays), one week interval
Sun Top 70%Thiophanate‐ 80 gm Appearance of diseases 4, 12,19.11.2008 Powdery
methyl (3 sprays) Mildew
Vertemic Abamactin 1.8% 200 ml With appearance of attack once a week Leaf miner
15.09.2008 – 15.10.2008 (4 sprays)
King‐Bo 0.6%Oxymatrion 50 ml Last week of crop (Three) 22, 24.11.2008 Aphid
Seeds and Fertilizer Used: Seeds – cucumber variety – Sultan F1 Hybrid.

Table 6 Fertilizer Schedule Used
S. No. Fertilizer Used Rate Time of Application
1 Urea – Ammonium phosphate 0.5gm/plant From 13‐9 to 13‐10‐2008
2 Calcium nitrate 1 gm/plant Once a week
3 Potassium nitrate 1 gm/plant Once a week
4 13:40:13 N : P : K 1 gm/plant Once a week
7 Iron 1 gm/plant Once in a month
8 Trace Elements 1 gm/plant Once a week

Irrigation water applied

Quantity of water applied = 500ml /plant/day
No. of plants = 437
Daily water consumption = 437 X 500/100 = 218.5L
Total water used for first crop=218.5LX105 days=22942.5Liters
Figure # 3: pickings and yield of cucumber For 1st crop, 2008‐2009.
400
300
Weight (Kg)
200
100
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
No. of picking
B-2 - WAFRA second cucumber crop (2008-2009)
Steps in experiment
1) Leveled the soil
2) Prepared the beds of 50 cms width with 50cms distance between each bed.
3) Spreading/broadcasting of manure along the length of lines/ irrigation pipes
4) Sowing/transplanting seedlings of cucumber at 50cms triangularly.
Cucumber seeds
Variety Salman (summer variety)
• Date of sowing seeds = 5/2/2009.
• Date of 1st picking of fruits = 30/3/2009.
• Number of plants = 448
• Total yield = 861.550kg
• Yield per square meter = 3.846kg
• Date /end of crop = 13/5/2009
Table 7 Pesticide Schedule for Cucumber Summer Crop 2008‐2009
S. No. Name % a.i. @ Time Pest
1 Aromil Plus 50% 20gm/10L 12, 16.4.2008 Downy mildew
2 Ridomil gold plus 42% 20gm/10L 2.4 ‐ 6.5.2009 weekly Downy mildew
3 Sun chloride 20% 5ml/10L 2&11.5.2009 Aphid
4 Amilsaz 20% 20ml/10L 6 ‐16.3.2009 Mites
5 Wopro abamuctin 1.8% 10ml/10L 24.3 ‐ 4.8.2009 Mites + leaf miners
Table 8 Fertilizer Schedule for Cucumber (Summer Crop) 2008 2009
S. No. Fertilizer @ Time of application
1 Ammonium phosphate 0.5gm / plant 22/2‐2/4/2009
2 Magnesium sulphate 1 gm / plant 8/4‐‐9/5/2009
3 Potassium nitrate 1 gm / plant 16/4‐‐4/5/2009
4 18:18:18 N : P : K 1 gm / plant 24/2‐‐4/4/2009
5 13:13:26 N : P : K 1 gm / plant 11/4‐‐6/5/2009 once every week
6 Iron 1 gm / plant Full season
7 Trace elements 1 gm / plant Full season

Irrigation water consumed

Per plant water requirement = 500 ml × 2X/day = 1 liters
Daily water consumed = 1 X 448 = 448 L
Length of period for 2nd crop (5/2 – 13/5/2009) = 98 days
Total water consumed = 448 X 98 = 43904 Liters
Observations
• Cucumber variety Salman
• Delaying due to summer variety.
• Dusty weather helped the mite attack.
• Downy mildew disease attack delayed the production.
• Crop yielded more than first crop.
Figure 4 yields (kg) according to pickings.
70
60
Weight (Kg)
50
40
30
20
10
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
No. of picking

Figures 5 cucumber fruit production per picking in Abdalli and Wafra experiments1st Crop.
400
350 Abdaly
300
Wafra
250
Weight (Kg)
200
150
100
50
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19
No. of picking

Figure 6 cucumber fruit production per picking in Abdally and Wafra experiments2nd Crop.
700
600
◌Abdaly
ِ
500
Wafra
Weight (Kg)
400
300
200
100
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
No. of picking

TABLE 9 Comparisons Between Abdally and Wafra Experiments 2008‐2009
Standards BAFI – Wafra BAFI ‐ Abdally

1st crop ‐‐3.65kg 1st crop ‐‐3.64kg
Average yield/m²
2nd crop‐‐ 3.84kg 2nd crop‐‐ 7.8kg
1st crop – 1.250L 1st crop ‐ 0.600L
Water quantity consumed daily/plant
2nd crop ‐‐1.100L 2nd crop – 1.160L
1st crop ‐ 22942.5L 1st crop – 58422L
Quantity of water consumed during crop
2nd crop – 43904.0L 2nd crop – 66230L
1st crop –82.5kg/m³ 1st crop – 45.6kg/m³
Average yield/m³ of irrigation water
2nd crop – 20.37/m³ 2nd crop – 50.8kg/m³
EC level of soil 8‐70 mm/cm 9.49 mm/cm
Water salt contents 108 mm/cm 5.1 mm/cm
1st crop – 105days 1st crop – 107days
Length of crop period
2nd crop – 98days 2nd crop – 79days
Greenhouse area 270m² 324m²
1st crop – 437 plants 1st crop – 849 plants
Number of plants in greenhouse
2ndcrop ‐448 plants 2ndcrop – 840 plants
1st crop – Sultan 1st crop – Sultan
Cucumber variety cultivated for the experiment
2nd crop Sulaimani 2nd crop ‐ Sulaimani
Conclusion
The differences can be due to differences in soil, climate, sites which affected the yield and quantity of
irrigation water used.
1. The water use requirement for Sultan is lower than Salman.
2. The water use efficiency for Sultan is higher than Salman.
3. The daily water requirement for cucumber crop in Wafra is higher than Abdalli.
Achievements from the IPPM experiment (2008-2009)

• Meetings of the research … and coordinating teams continuously held discussion on periodical agenda and
its follow up by research team to carryout the experiment as scheduled (Attachment # 1 ).
• Introduction and demonstration of the modern technology and latest methods to implement the IPPM
program was carried out to set higher yield with high quality.
• The implementation of the IPPM program in different green houses could be carried out. Therefore, this
experiment was done in cooled green houses with fans as first step.
• Seeds of cucumber varieties (Sultan & Selman) resistant to insect pests and diseases were selected to get
best and high yield.
• Sticking to the utilization of G.A.P (good agricultural practices) related to the instruction (guide lines) about
application of insecticides with the least residual effect and keeping definite safe period before harvest /
picking.
• Economic and social studies for the farmers using this technology were made (in collaboration with the Agri
Economic Expert) to know about:
* Out put and kind of produce and effectiveness of pest attack on the cash crop (Cucumber).
*Economic importance of insects attacking the produce of cash crops
*As questionnaire has been prepared and distributed to the farmers, the information was being collected
and economic expert perform the statistical analysis and recommendation with the results to be produced
in near future (Attachment # 2)
• To study the relation ship between production efficiency and increased water use and introduction of IPPM
techniques for higher output from each water unit.A questionnaire was prepared and distributed to the
farmers to collect information and the expert analyzed them with summary (Attachment # 3 )
• Action was taken to solve the research problems technical hindrances (barriers) which were faced at each
step during the experiment period.
• All the limitations for experiments at both farms were noted and requirements for next season were
allocated. Cost of production & net profit for each crop (two crop/season) were determined.

• Preparation for the lectures (seminars) for farmers will start for next cropping season (2009‐2010) using of
experimental results visually and practically. The lectures would be delivered at Rabiah, Wafra and Abdalli
in the presence of experts and specialists during Feb. or March 2010.
• Preparation of posters and broachers has been completed which will be distributed to the farmers during
lectures to explain the experiment outlines and objectives (Attached # 4 ,5 ,6).
• Following three booklets on diseases had been prepared and published:
*Common diseases of vegetable Crops (Attachment # 7).
* Common diseases of cucurbits (Attachment # 8).
*Diseases and Disorders of Date Palm in Kuwait. (Attachment #9)
• Directorates of Abdalli & Wafra were asked to nominate the farmers willing to be helped and perform the
IPPM experiments on their farms along with the solution of the problem they face.
• One farm in Agric. Area, Wafra and one farm in Agric. Area Abdalli were selected as model farms for field
demonstration and reference for a good number of farmers to extend facilities and help to perform IPPM
experiment with possible assistance from PAAF and solution of their problems.
• Follow up for the proposal to introduce the evaluated exotic natural enemies to pests continued. It includes
studies rearing and multiplication of natural enemies of economic pests for biological control in the
cultivation area.
Problems and hinderances of the experiments:

1‐Use of parasites and predators on wide spread pests could not be carried out to control the economic pests
due to non availability of subject experts and facilities for rearing insects.
2‐ Residual effects of pesticides could not be started at present due to lack of facilities. It would be carried out
during start of 2009‐2010 seasons. The samples of pesticides used and cucumber fruit have been collected
and their standards are being analyzed in the Pesticide Lab of PAAF, Kuwait to calculate the residues of
chemicals present therein.
Achievements for the second year ( 2009-2010 )

1‐Soil solarization experiment would be carried out in a new farm (Jawairya Farm) at Wafra
2‐Soil solarization experiment would be carried at Burgan Farms ,Abdalli during summer,2009.
3‐ Soil solarization experiment would be carried out in a new farm (Abdul Razzaq Sons Farms ) in Abdalli
during summer,2009.
4‐ Soil solarization experiment was completed in all farms (Jawairya Farm at Wafra and Burgan Farms and
Abdul Razzaq Sons Farms,Abdalli during summer,2009.
5‐Continue visits to Abdally and Wafra are being carried out to follow up the
6‐ Seeds of cucumber were sown in September,2009.
‫تبني اإلدارة المتكاملة للوقاية واالنتاج لمحاصيل عالية الجودة مع أقل كمية‬
‫لمتبقيات المبيدات الحشرية‬
‫الملخص‬
‫برق ان‬ ‫بم زارع‬ ‫الزراعي ة‬ ‫والعب دلي‬ ‫الوفرة‬ ‫منطقتي‬ ‫من‬ ً‫كال‬ ‫في‬ ‫التجربة‬ ‫وتنفيذ‬ ( IPPM ) ‫والوقاية‬ ‫لإلنتاج‬ ‫المتكاملة‬ ‫اإلدارة‬ ‫برنامج‬ ‫تطبيق‬
‫ت م‬ ‫الت ي‬ ‫النت ائج‬ ‫وكان ت‬ ‫والعب دلي‬ ‫ب الوفرة‬ ‫والثاني ة‬ ‫األول ى‬ ‫ب العروتين‬ ‫وس ليمان‬ ‫س لطان‬ ‫صنفي‬ ‫الخيار‬ ‫محصول‬ ‫زراعة‬ ‫تم‬ ‫وقد‬ ، ‫الزراعية‬
: ‫يلي‬ ‫كما‬ ‫إليھا‬ ‫التوصل‬
. ‫كجم‬ 3.65 ‫مربع‬ ‫متر‬ ‫لكل‬ ‫اإلنتاج‬ ‫معدل‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وجد‬ ‫والوفرة‬ ‫العبدلي‬ ‫مزارع‬ ‫من‬ ً‫كال‬ ‫في‬ ‫األولى‬ ‫العروة‬ ‫• في‬
‫كج م‬ 3.84 ‫اإلنتاج‬ ‫كان‬ ‫مربع‬ ‫متر‬ ‫لكل‬ ‫كجم‬ 7.8 ‫إنتاج‬ ‫أعلى‬ ‫بالعبدلي‬ ‫برقان‬ ‫مزرعة‬ ‫وأعطت‬ ‫الوضع‬ ‫اختلف‬ ‫الثانية‬ ‫العروة‬ ‫• في‬
. ‫بالوفرة‬ ‫مربع‬ ‫متر‬ ‫لكل‬
. ‫بالعبدلي‬ ‫معدلھا‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الوفرة‬ ‫من‬ ‫أعلى‬ ‫كان‬ ‫المياه‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫معدل‬ ‫أن‬ ‫• كما‬
. ‫بالعبدلي‬ ‫ري‬ ‫مياه‬ ³‫م‬ /‫كجم‬ 45.6 ‫كانت‬ ‫بالوفرة‬ ‫األولى‬ ‫العروة‬ ‫في‬ ‫ري‬ ‫مياه‬ ³‫م‬ / ‫كجم‬ 82.5 ‫كان‬ ‫اإلنتاج‬ ‫معدل‬ ‫أن‬ ‫• كما‬
. ³‫ م‬/ ‫كجم‬ 20.37 ‫اإلنتاج‬ ‫معدل‬ ‫كان‬ ‫بالوفرة‬ ‫الثانية‬ ‫العروة‬ ‫• أما‬
. ‫الري‬ ‫مياه‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫ومعدل‬ ‫اإلنتاج‬ ‫على‬ ‫تأثير‬ ‫له‬ ‫والمواقع‬ ‫والمناخ‬ ‫التربة‬ ‫اختالف‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يتضح‬ ‫سبق‬ ‫ومما‬

‫من‪ ‬منطلق‪ ‬اإلستفادة‪ ‬من‪ ‬التجارب‪ ‬التي‪ ‬يتم‪ ‬إجرائھا‪ ‬بالھيئة‪ ‬العامة‪ ‬لشئون‪ ‬الزراع ة‪ ‬والث روة‪ ‬الس مكية‪ ‬وباالش تراك‪ ‬م ع‪ ‬المنظم ات‪ ‬والھيئ ات‪ ‬‬
‫الدولية‪ ‬والمحلية‪ ‬تم‪ ‬االتفاق‪ ‬بين‪ ‬كال‪ ‬من‪ ‬الھيئة‪ ‬العامة‪ ‬لشئون‪ ‬الزراعة‪ ‬والثروة‪ ‬الس مكية‪ ‬والمرك ز‪ ‬ال دولي‪ ‬للبح وث‪ ‬الزراعي ة‪ ‬ف ي‪ ‬األراض ي‪ ‬‬
‫القاحلة‪) ‬اإليكاردا(‪ ‬بالعمل‪ ‬على‪ ‬نقل‪ ‬نتائج‪ ‬البحوث‪ ‬المشتركة‪ ‬التي‪ ‬تم‪ ‬تنفيذھا‪ ‬ف ي‪ ‬الفت رة‪ ‬م ن‪ 2001 ‬حت ى‪ 2005 ‬إل ى‪ ‬الم زارعين‪ ‬ف ي‪ ‬دول ة‪ ‬‬
‫الكويت‪ ‬وذلك‪ ‬بتنفيذ‪ ‬ھذه‪ ‬التجارب‪ ‬بمزارع‪ ‬المواطنين‪ ‬مع‪ ‬تنفي ذ‪ ‬برن امج‪ ‬توع وي‪ ‬ارش ادي‪ ‬لب اقي‪ ‬الم زارعين‪ ‬لمتابع ة‪ ‬التنفي ذ‪ ‬لھ ذه‪ ‬التج ارب‪ ‬‬
‫وتأكي داً‪ ‬للنت ائج‪ ‬م ن‪ ‬خ الل‪ ‬حق ول‪ ‬ارش ادية‪ ‬نموذجي ة‪ ‬ي تم‪ ‬تنفي ذھا‪ ‬ف ي‪ ‬م زارع‪ ‬الم واطنين‪ ‬وبن اءا‪ ‬عل ى‪ ‬ذل ك‪ ‬قام ت‪ ‬إدارة‪ ‬البح وث‪ ‬والمش اتل‪ ‬‬
‫الزراعية‪ ‬بتشكيل‪ ‬فريق‪ ‬عمل‪ ‬لك ل‪ ‬تجرب ة‪ ‬م ن‪ ‬التج ارب‪ ‬الت ي‪ ‬تنفي ذھا‪ ‬خ الل‪ ‬الفت رة‪ 2005 – 2001 ‬ومنھ ا‪ ‬تجرب ة‪ ‬تبن ي‪ ‬اإلدارة‪ ‬المتكامل ة‪ ‬‬
‫لالنتاج‪ ‬والوقاية‪ (IPPM) ‬لمحاصيل‪ ‬عالية‪ ‬الجودة‪ ‬مع‪ ‬أقل‪ ‬كمية‪ ‬لمتبقيات‪ ‬المبيدات‪ ‬الحشرية‪ .‬‬
‫الھدف من المشروع‬
‫‪ ‬تنفيذ‪ ‬تجربة‪ IPPM ‬بالمناطق‪ ‬الزراعية‪ ‬بالوفرة‪ ‬والعبدلي‪ ‬كحقل‪ ‬إرشادي‪ ‬للمزارعين‪ ‬لمتابعة‪ ‬تنفيذ‪ ‬التجربة‪ ‬من‪ ‬البداية‪ ‬حتى‪ ‬الحص ول‪ ‬عل ى‪ ‬‬
‫منتج‪ ‬آمن‪ ‬من‪ ‬التلوث‪ ‬بالمبيدات‪ ‬واألعلى‪ ‬إنتاجا ً‪ ‬وأفضل‪ ‬جودة‪ .‬‬
‫مكان التجربة محطة تجارب لشركة برقان الزراعية بإدارة الوفرة والعبدلي الزراعية‪.‬‬
‫الفترة الزمنية للتجربة ‪ 3‬سنوات‪ .‬تاريخ بداية التنفيذ للتجربة أول‪ ‬شھر‪ ‬أغسطس‪2008 ‬م‪.‬‬
‫خطوات تنفيذ التجربة‬

‫أوال‪ :‬اإلعداد والتجھيز لتنفيذ تجربة التعقيم الشمسي للتربة‬
‫‪ .1‬تم‪ ‬االتفاق‪ ‬على‪ ‬تنفيذ‪ ‬التجربة‪ ‬في‪ ‬مزرعة‪ ‬شركة‪ ‬برقان‪ ‬للمواد‪ ‬الزراعية‪ ‬بالوفرة‪ ‬والعبدلي‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬تم‪ ‬تنفيذ‪ ‬تجربة‪ ‬التعقيم‪ ‬الشمسي‪ ‬للمزرعتين‪ ‬على‪ ‬أساس‪ ‬أن‪ ‬التعقيم‪ ‬الشمسي‪ ‬إح دى‪ ‬عناص ر‪ ‬اإلدارة‪ ‬المتكامل ة‪ ‬لإلنت اج‪ ‬والوقاي ة‪IPPM ‬‬
‫وذل ك‪ ‬لالس تفادة‪ ‬م ن‪ ‬الطاق ة‪ ‬الشمس ية‪ ‬والحرف ي‪ ‬تعق يم‪ ‬الترب ة‪ ‬الزراعي ة‪ ‬وتقلي ل‪ ‬اس تخدام‪ ‬الكيماوي ات‪ ‬والمبي دات‪ ‬لمن ع‪ ‬تل وث‪ ‬الترب ة‪ ‬‬
‫الزراعية‪ .‬‬
‫تم‪ ‬رفع‪ ‬الغطاء‪ ‬البالستيك‪ ‬من‪ ‬البيوت‪ ‬المحمية‪ ‬المراد‪ ‬تنفيذ‪ ‬التجربة‪ ‬بھا‪ .‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫تسوية‪ ‬التربة‪ ‬وتجھيزھا‪ ‬بخراطيم‪ ‬الري‪) ‬ھوز(‪ .‬‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫تغطية‪ ‬سطح‪ ‬التربة‪ ‬الزراعية‪ ‬بالبالستيك‪ ‬الشفاف‪ ‬األبيض‪ 200) ‬ميكرون(‪ ‬مع‪ ‬الري‪ ‬غمراً‪ ‬مرتين‪ ‬أسبوعيا‪ ‬لمدة‪ ‬التعقيم‪ .‬‬ ‫‪.5‬‬
‫مدة‪ ‬التعقيم‪ ‬حوالي‪ 6 ‬أسابيع‪.‬‬ ‫‪.6‬‬
‫ثانيا‪ :‬مواعيد التطبيق للتعقيم الشمسي‬

‫‪ .1‬مزرعة‪ ‬الوفرة‪ :‬بداية‪ ‬التعقيم‪ ‬في‪2008/8/3 ‬م‪ ‬وتم‪ ‬االنتھاء‪ ‬من‪ ‬التعقيم‪ ‬في‪2008/9/17 ‬م‪ .‬‬
‫‪ .2‬مزرعة‪ ‬العبدلي‪ :‬بداية‪ ‬التعقيم‪ ‬من‪2008/8/4 ‬م‪ ‬إلى‪2008/9/19 ‬م‪ .‬‬
‫ثالثا‪ :‬إعداد وتجھيز البيوت المحمية للزراعة‬

‫تم‪ ‬إنبات‪ ‬البذور‪ ‬بالمشتل‪ ‬التابع‪ ‬للمزرعة‪) ‬بذور‪ ‬خيار‪ ‬صنف‪ ‬سلطان(‪ ‬بتاريخ‪2008/9/7 ‬م‪ ‬بمزرعة‪ ‬برقان‪ ‬للمواد‪ ‬الزراعي ة‪ ‬ب الوفرة‪ ‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫ثم‪ ‬نقلت‪ ‬البادرات‪ ‬للبيوت‪ ‬المحمية‪ ‬المستدامة‪ ‬في‪2008/9/20 ‬م‪.‬‬
‫تم‪ ‬إنبات‪ ‬البذور‪ ‬بالمشتل‪ ‬في‪ ‬مزرعة‪ ‬العبدلي‪ ‬لشركة‪ ‬برقان‪ ‬للمواد‪ ‬الزراعية‪ ‬في‪ ‬ت اريخ‪2008/9/8 ‬م‪ ،‬وت م‪ ‬نقلھ ا‪ ‬إل ى‪ ‬البي ت‪ ‬المحم ي‪ ‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫المعد‪ ‬لتنفيذ‪ ‬التجرب ة‪ ،‬كم ا‪ ‬ت م‪ ‬الزراع ة‪ ‬بالب ذرة‪ ‬مباش رة‪ ‬دون‪ ‬إنباتھ ا‪ ‬بت اريخ‪2008/9/13 ‬م‪ ‬ف ي‪ ‬ع دد‪ 3 ‬خط وط‪ ‬للمقارن ة‪ ‬ب ين‪ ‬ط رق‪ ‬‬
‫الزراعة‪ ‬وتأثيرھا‪ ‬على‪ ‬االنتاج‪ .‬‬
‫تم‪ ‬اختيار‪ ‬محصول‪ ‬الخيار‪ ‬في‪ ‬تنفيذ‪ ‬التجربة‪ ‬لألسباب‪ ‬التالية‪ :‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫• ألنه‪ ‬المحصول‪ ‬الذي‪ ‬تم‪ ‬تنفيذ‪ ‬التجربة‪ ‬عليه‪ ‬لمدة‪ 5 ‬سنوات‪.‬‬
‫• ألنه‪ ‬محصول‪ ‬استراتيجي‪ ‬ويتم‪ ‬زراعته‪ ‬بالكويت‪ ‬بمساحات‪ ‬كبيرة‪ ‬وھو‪ ‬من‪ ‬المنتجات‪ ‬الضرورية‪ ‬اليومية‪ ‬للمواطن‪ .‬‬
‫• يعتبر‪ ‬محصول‪ ‬الخيار‪ ‬من‪ ‬المحاصيل‪ ‬المناسبة‪ ‬والمھمة‪ ‬لتنفيذ‪ ‬التجربة‪ ‬وذلك‪ ‬لقصر‪ ‬مدته‪ ‬بالزراعة‪ ‬حيث‪ ‬تكون‪ ‬م دة‪ ‬زراعت ه‪ ‬ف ي‪ ‬‬
‫حدود‪ 120 ‬يوم‪ ‬تقريبا‪ ‬حسب‪ ‬الصنف‪ ‬وميعاد‪ ‬الزراعة‪ .‬‬
‫المتابعة األسبوعية للتجارب في كال من المزارع بالوفرة والعبدلي‪.‬‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫انجازات التجربة‬
‫‪ .1‬عقدت‪ ‬اجتماعات‪ ‬بصفة‪ ‬مستمرة‪ ‬مع‪ ‬فريق‪ ‬العمل‪ ‬والفرق‪ ‬المس اندة‪ ‬لمناقش ة‪ ‬ودراس ة‪ ‬بن ود‪ ‬ج دول‪ ‬األعم ال‪ ‬الزمن ي‪ ‬للتجرب ة‪ ‬ومتابع ة‪ ‬‬
‫خط‪ ‬سير‪ ‬العمل‪ ‬وتوزيع‪ ‬األدوار‪ ‬لفريق‪ ‬العمل‪ ‬مع‪ ‬الفرق‪ ‬المساندة‪ ‬لتنفيذ‪ ‬التجربة‪ ‬وتوزي ع‪ ‬الج دول‪ ‬الزمن ي‪ ‬عل يھم )مرف ق‪ ‬ص ورة‪ ‬م ن‪ ‬‬
‫الجدول‪ ‬الزمني‪ ‬للتجربة(‪ .‬‬
‫‪ .2‬تم‪ ‬استخدام‪ ‬التقنية‪ ‬والطرق‪ ‬الحديث ة‪ ‬لتحس ين‪ ‬تنفي ذ‪ ‬اإلدارة‪ ‬المتكامل ة‪ ‬لإلنت اج‪ ‬والوقاي ة‪ (IPPM) ‬بص ورة‪ ‬جي دة‪ ‬للحص ول‪ ‬عل ى‪ ‬أعل ى‪ ‬‬
‫انتاج‪ ‬وأفضل‪ ‬جودة‪ ‬وزيادة‪ ‬العائد‪ ‬المادي ‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫تنفي ذ‪ ‬برن امج‪ IPPM ‬عل ى‪ ‬أن واع‪ ‬مختلف ة‪ ‬م ن‪ ‬البي وت‪ ‬المحمي ة‪) ‬بي وت‪ ‬عادي ة‪ – ‬بي وت‪ ‬تھوي ة‪ ‬ب المراوح‪ – ‬بي وت‪ ‬مب ردة(‪ ،‬وت م‪ ‬تنفي ذ‪ ‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫التجربة‪ ‬على‪ ‬بيوت‪ ‬مبرده‪ ‬مع‪ ‬المراوح‪ .‬‬
‫استخدمت‪ ‬بذور‪ ‬ألصناف‪ ‬محاصيل‪ ‬مقاومة‪ ‬للحشرات‪ ‬واألمراض‪ ‬السائدة‪ ‬وتعطي‪ ‬أفضل‪ ‬انتاج‪) ‬صنف‪ ‬سلطان(‪ .‬‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫االلتزام‪ ‬بتوصيات‪ ‬االستعانة‪ ‬بالممارسات‪ ‬الزراعي ة‪ ‬الجي دة‪ ‬المتعلق ة‪ ‬باإلرش ادات‪ ‬الخاص ة‪ ‬بتطبي ق‪ ‬المبي دات‪ ‬الحش رية‪ ‬اآلمن ة‪ ‬والت ي‪ ‬‬ ‫‪.5‬‬
‫تؤدي‪ ‬لخفض‪ ‬مستوى‪ ‬بقايا‪ ‬ھذه‪ ‬المبيدات مع‪ ‬التقيد‪ ‬الحازم‪ ‬بفترة‪ ‬اآلمان‪ ‬قبل‪ ‬الحصاد ‪ ‬‬
‫عمل‪ ‬دراسات‪ ‬اقتصادية‪ ‬قياسية‪ ‬واجتماعية‪ ‬للمزارعين‪ ‬المنفذين‪ ‬للتجارب‪) ‬بالتعاون‪ ‬مع‪ ‬خبير‪ ‬االقتصاد‪ ‬الزراعي( للتعرف على‪ :‬‬ ‫‪.6‬‬
‫‐ مردود‪ ‬ونوع‪ ‬اإلنتاج‪ ‬وتأثير‪ ‬اإلصابة‪ ‬باآلفات‪ ‬على‪ ‬المحاصيل‪ ‬النقدية‪) ‬الخيار(‪.‬‬
‫‐ األھمية‪ ‬االقتصادية‪ ‬للحشرات‪ ‬المؤثرة‪ ‬على‪ ‬إنتاج‪ ‬المحاصيل‪ ‬النقدية‪.‬‬
‫دراسة العالقة بين كفاءة االنتاج وزيادته باس تخدام المي اه وع رض تقني ات ‪ IPPM‬المس تخدمة ف ي كف اءة الزي ادة اإلنتاجي ة لك ل‬ ‫‪.7‬‬
‫وحدة من المياه )بالتعاون مع خبير القسم بحوث التربة والمياه(‪.‬‬
‫العمل لحل المشاكل البحثية والعراقيل الفنية التي تواجه التجربة في جميع مراحلھا‪.‬‬ ‫‪.8‬‬
‫متابع ة اس تمارة اس تبيان ح ول الزراع ة المحمي ة ف ي الكوي ت للم زرعتين وذل ك إلع دادھا للدراس ات االقتص ادية القياس ية‬ ‫‪.9‬‬
‫واالجتماعية للمزارعين المنفذين للتجارب ودراسة م دى ج دوى مع دالت المي اه وعالقتھ ا بزي ادة اإلنت اج لخدم ة تقني ات ‪IPPM‬‬
‫وذلك في نھاية الموسم الزراعي الحالي‪ ،‬وتم االتفاق على أن يكون االستبيان لكل عروة ولكل مزرعة على حدى‪.‬‬
‫تم حصر جميع مدخالت التجربة بالمزرعتين في الوفرة والعبدلي ومتطلباتھا للموسم القادم وتحديد صافي الربح لك ل ع روة ف ي‬ ‫‪.10‬‬
‫كل مزرعة‪.‬‬
‫ت م تحلي ل عين ات الترب ة الت ي جمع ت م ن مزرعت ي العب دلي وال وفرة وذل ك لتحدي د نس بة اإلص ابة ب األمراض قب ل وبع د التعق يم‬ ‫‪.11‬‬
‫الشمسي للمقارنة بينھما )مرفق نتائج التحليل للتربة في منطقتي الوفرة والعبدلي(‪.‬‬
‫الب دء ف ي إع داد محاض رات للم زارعين بالموس م الزراع ي الق ادم ‪ ،2010/2009‬وذل ك لالس تفادة م ن نت ائج التجرب ة نظري ا‬ ‫‪.12‬‬
‫وعملي ا م ن خ الل تطبي ق التجرب ة عل ى أن تك ون ھ ذه المحاض رات ف ي ك ل م ن ال وفرة والعب دلي والرابي ة بوج ود الخب راء‬
‫واالختصاصيين ‪.‬‬
‫ت م االنتھ اء م ن عم ل بوس ترات ومطوي ات ت وزع عل ى الم زارعين ف ي وق ت المحاض رة بحي ث تش رح بش كل م وجز التجرب ة‬ ‫‪.13‬‬
‫وأھدافھا )مرفق صورة من المطويات(‪.‬‬
‫مخاطبة إدارتي الوفرة والعبدلي بتحديد المزارعين الراغبين في مساعدتھم لتنفيذ التجربة لدى مزارعھم بتقديم االستش ارات لھ م‬ ‫‪.14‬‬
‫وحل المشاكل التي يواجھونھا‪.‬‬
‫تم تحديد مزرعة بمنطقة الوفرة الزراعية ومزرعة بمنطقة العبدلي الزراعية بحيث تمث ل تل ك الم زارع كحق ل إرش ادي ومرج ع‬ ‫‪.15‬‬
‫ألكبر عدد ممكن من المزارعين بحيث تتوفر لديھا امكاني ات تطبي ق التجرب ة ل ديھا م ع ام دادھا ب بعض المس اعدات الممكن ة م ن‬
‫الھيئة وتقديم االستشارات لھم وحل المشاكل التي يواجھونھا‪.‬‬
‫متابع ة مقت رح عم ل محمي ة عش بية طبيعي ة لألع داء الطبيعي ة وذل ك لت ربيتھم وإكث ارھم لتنفي ذ دراس ة ت أثير األع داء الطبيعي ة‬ ‫‪.16‬‬
‫للحشرات االقتصادية المنتشرة وذلك لمكافحة الحشرات االقتصادية في المنطقة المزروعة‬
‫مشاكل ومعوقات التجربة‬

‫‪ .1‬ل م‪ ‬ي تم‪ ‬تنفي ذ‪ ‬دراس ة‪ ‬ت أثير‪ ‬األع داء‪ ‬الطبيعي ة‪ ‬للحش رات‪ ‬االقتص ادية‪ ‬المنتش رة‪ ‬وذل ك‪ ‬لمكافح ة‪ ‬الحش رات‪ ‬االقتص ادية‪ ‬ف ي‪ ‬المنطق ة‪ ‬‬
‫المزروعة‪ ‬لعدم‪ ‬توفر‪ ‬خبراء‪ ‬متخصصين‪ ‬وعدم‪ ‬توفر‪ ‬االمكانيات‪ ‬لتربية‪ ‬األعداء‪ ‬الحيوية‪ .‬‬
‫‪ .2‬لم‪ ‬يتم‪ ‬قياس‪ ‬مستوى‪ ‬متبقيات‪ ‬المبيدات‪ ‬الحش رية‪ ‬عل ى‪ ‬المحص ول‪ ‬وذل ك‪ ‬لع دم‪ ‬ت وفر‪ ‬االمكاني ات‪ ‬لھ ا‪ ‬ف ي‪ ‬الوق ت‪ ‬الحاض ر‪ ‬وس وف‪ ‬ي تم‪ ‬‬
‫تنفيذھا‪ ‬في‪ ‬السنة‪ ‬األخيرة‪ ‬للمشروع‪ ‬لحين‪ ‬توفر‪ ‬االمكانيات‪ .‬‬
‫مزرعة شركة برقان الزراعية بمنطقة العبدلي الزراعية‬

‫أوال‪ :‬العروة األولى‬
‫أسم‪ ‬التجربة‪ :‬زراعة‪ ‬خيار‪ ‬بالطريقة‪ ‬العضوية‪ .‬‬ ‫تاريخ‪ ‬الزراعة‪ 2008/09/07 :‬‬
‫أسم‪ ‬الصنف‪ Sultan F1 Hybrid :‬‬ ‫تاريخ‪ ‬نقل‪ ‬الشتالت‪ 2008/09/20 :‬‬
‫مكان‪ ‬التجربة‪ :‬مزرعة‪ ‬شركة‪ ‬برقان‪ ‬الزراعية‪ – ‬العبدلي‪ .‬‬ ‫مدة‪ ‬الزراعة‪ 107 : ‬يوم مساحة‪ ‬البيت‪ 324 = 36X9 ‬م‪ 2‬‬
‫عدد‪ ‬النباتات‪ ‬المعامله‪ 840 :‬شتلة‪.‬انتاجية‪ ‬المتر‪ ‬المربع‪ 3.5 :‬كجم‪ .‬الھدف‪ ‬من‪ ‬التجربة‪ :‬تشجيع‪ ‬الم زارعين‪ ‬لتبن ي‪ ‬واالقتن اع‪ ‬بالزراع ة‪ ‬‬
‫العضوية‪ .‬‬ ‫تاريخ‪ ‬نھاية‪ ‬التجربة‪ 2009/1/5 :‬‬
‫جدول المبيدات المستخدمة‬
‫الزراعه‪ ‬عضوية‪ ‬ولم‪ ‬يتم‪ ‬استخدام‪ ‬أي‪ ‬مبيد‪ ‬كيماوي‪ ‬بالتجربة‪ ‬المبيد‪ ‬العضوي‪ ‬ال ذي‪ ‬ت م‪ ‬اس تخدامه‪ ‬ھ و‪ ‬الك نج‪ ‬ب و‪ ‬والم اده‪ ‬الفعال ه‪ ‬للمبي د‪ ‬ھ ي‪ ‬‬
‫)‪ % 0.6 Prosuler 0.4 %+ Oxymartine 0.2%‬وھ و‪ ‬مبي د‪ ‬حش ري‪ ‬للم ن‪ ‬والعناك ب‪ . ‬كم ا‪ ‬ت م‪ ‬ال رش‪ ‬بمنق وع‪ ‬الس ماد‪ ‬العض وي‪ ‬وذل ك‪ ‬‬
‫لمكافحة‪ ‬البياض‪ ‬الزغبي‪ . ‬‬
‫األسمدة المستخدمة‬
‫تم أستخدام اسمده عضوية ھندية من انتاج ش ركة ‪ Bio-bost‬وھ ي عب اره ع ن مستخلص ات عض وية طبيعي ة م ن اش جار الن يم وم ن‬
‫التراب البركاني‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬جدول رقم )‪ (1‬المبيدات حيوية ‪ /‬العضوية المستخدمة ‪2009 ‐2008‬‬

‫المعدل‪ ‬‬ ‫االفات‪ ‬‬ ‫ماده فعاله‪ ‬‬ ‫المبيدات‪ ‬‬ ‫التاريخ‪ ‬‬
‫مل‪2‬‬ ‫المن‪ ‬والعناكب‬ ‫)‪Oxymatrine (0.2%)+Prosuler (0.4%‬‬ ‫‪King-Bo‬‬ ‫‪2008/10/18‬‬
‫مل‪2‬‬ ‫المن‪ ‬والعناكب‬ ‫)‪Oxymatrin (0.2%)+Prosuler (0.4%‬‬ ‫‪King-Bo‬‬ ‫‪2008/10/28‬‬
‫جم‪40‬‬ ‫بياض‪ ‬ذغبي‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪*Organic manure(fermented‬‬ ‫‪2008/11/3‬‬
‫مل‪2‬‬ ‫المن‪ ‬والعناكب‬ ‫)‪Oxymatrine (0.2%)+Prosuler (0.4%‬‬ ‫‪King-Bo‬‬ ‫‪2008/11/20‬‬
‫معدالت اإلضافة‬
‫‪ ‬جدول رقم )‪ (2‬يعرض معدل استخدام السماد العضوي‬
‫المعدل‪ ‬‬ ‫نوع‪ ‬السماد‪ ‬‬ ‫التاريخ‪ ‬‬
‫اضافه‪ ‬مباشرة‪ ‬للتربة‪ ‬‬ ‫اضافة‪ ‬علي‪ ‬األوراق‪ ‬‬ ‫مع الري‪ ‬‬
‫‐‐‐‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬مل‪/‬لتر‪ ‬اضافة‪ ‬علي‪ ‬‬ ‫‐‐‐‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ SHRUNGI BIOBOOST‐N liquid 2008/9/12‬‬
‫األوراق‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 10‬جم‪ ‬للنبات‪ ‬‬ ‫‐‐‐‐‪ ‬‬ ‫‐‐‐‐ ‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ SHRUNGI BIOBOST‐N granules 2008/9/17‬‬
‫‪ ‐‐‐ ‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬مل‪/‬لتر‪ ‬اضافة‪ ‬علي‪ ‬‬ ‫‐‐‐‐‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ SHRUNGI BIOBOOST 2008/9/25‬‬
‫األورق‪ ‬‬
‫‐‐‐‐‪ ‬‬ ‫‐‐‐‐‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 5‬مل‪/‬لتر ‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ SHRUNGI BIOBOOST‬‬ ‫‪ 2008/9/30‬‬
‫‐‐‐‐‪ ‬‬ ‫‐‐‐‐‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 5‬مل‪/‬لتر‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ SHRUNGI BIOBOOST‬‬ ‫‪ 2008/10/10‬‬
‫‪ 2‬مل‪ ‬من‪ ‬المحلول‪ ‬للنبته‪ ‬‬ ‫‐‐‐‐‪ ‬‬ ‫‐‐‐‪ ‬‬ ‫محلول‪ ‬سماد عضوي متخمر‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 2008/10/20‬‬
‫‪ 5‬كيلو‪ ‬علي‪ 10 ‬لتر ماء‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 10‬جم‪ ‬للنبات‪ ‬‬ ‫‐‐‐‐‪ ‬‬ ‫‐‐‐‐ ‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ BIOBOST granules SHRUNGI‬‬ ‫‪ 2008/11/5‬‬
‫‪ 2‬مل‪ ‬من‪ ‬المحلول‪ ‬للنبته‪ ‬‬ ‫‐‐‐‐‪ ‬‬ ‫‐‐‐‪ ‬‬ ‫محلول‪ ‬سماد عضوي متخمر‪ ‬‬ ‫‪2008/11/13‬‬
‫‪ 5‬كيلو‪ ‬علي‪ 10 ‬لتر‪ ‬ماء‪ ‬‬
‫‪2008/11/14 ‬‬
‫‪2008/11/15‬‬
‫‪ 2008/11/16‬‬
‫‐‐‐‐‪ ‬‬ ‫‐‐‐‐‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 5 ‬مل‪/‬لتر ‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ SHRUNGI BIOBOOST 2008/11/25‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 5‬مل‪/‬لتر ‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ SHRUNGI BIOBOOST 2008/11/28‬‬
‫كمية ماء الري المستخدمة طوال الموسم‬

‫متوسط ماء الري للشتله الواحده باليوم طوال التجربة ‪ 650‬سم للنبته باليوم ‪ .‬مدة التجربة ‪ 107‬أي ام ‪ .‬كمي ة الم اء المس تخدم لتجرب ة‬
‫= ‪ 58422‬لتر‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫مخطط رقم )‪ (1‬يوضح معدل اإلنتاج بالنسبة لعدد مرات الجمع‪ ‐ ‬العبدلي العروة األولى ‪ ‬‬
‫‪140‬‬
‫‪120‬‬
‫‪100‬‬
‫الوزن كجم )االنتاج(‬
‫‪80‬‬
‫‪60‬‬
‫‪40‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬ ‫عدد مرات الجمع‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫ثانيا‪ :‬العروة الثانية‬

‫أسم‪ ‬التجربة‪ :‬زراعة‪ ‬خيار‪ ‬بالطريقة‪ ‬العضوية‪ .‬‬ ‫تاريخ‪ ‬نقل‪ ‬الشتالت‪ 2009/04/19 : ‬‬
‫أسم‪ ‬الصنف‪ Sultan F1 Hubrid :‬‬ ‫مدة‪ ‬الزراعة‪ 79 : ‬يوم‪ .‬‬
‫مكان‪ ‬التجربة‪ : ‬مزرعة‪ ‬شركة‪ ‬برقان‪ ‬الزراعية‪ – ‬العبدلي‪ .‬‬ ‫مساحة‪ ‬البيت‪ 324 = 36X9 ‬م‪ 2‬‬
‫الھدف‪ ‬من‪ ‬التجربة‪ : ‬تشجيع‪ ‬المزارعين‪ ‬لتبن ى‪ ‬واالقتن اع‪ ‬بالزراع ة‪ ‬‬ ‫عدد‪ ‬النباتات‪ ‬المعامله‪ 840 : ‬شتلة‪ . ‬‬
‫العضوية‪ .‬‬ ‫انتاجية‪ ‬المتر‪ ‬المربع‪ 7,8 : ‬كجم‪ ‬‬
‫تاريخ‪ ‬الزراعة‪ 2009/04/11 : ‬‬ ‫تاريخ‪ ‬نھاية‪ ‬التجربة‪ 2009/07/07 : ‬‬
‫تم‪ ‬تجھيز‪ ‬األرض‪ ‬بقلبھا‪ ‬بالديسك‪ ‬ثم‪ ‬حراثتھا‪ ‬وتھويتھا‪ ‬لمدة‪ ‬اسبوع‪ ‬ثم‪ ‬أضافة‪ ‬سماد‪ ‬عضوي‪ ‬معق م‪ ) ‬أفيكي ومس‪ ( ‬بمع دل‪ 40 ‬كج م‪ ‬لك ل‪ ‬خ ط‪ ‬‬

‫داخل‪ ‬البيت‪ ‬الزراعي‪ ‬وحراثة‪ ‬األرض‪ ‬مرة‪ ‬أخري‪ ‬ثم‪ ‬بناء‪ ‬المصاطب‪ ‬ومد‪ ‬أھواز‪ ‬الري‪ ‬وتخمير‪ ‬األرض‪ ‬بالماء‪ ‬لمدة‪ ‬يومين‪ . ‬‬
‫المبيدات المستخدمة‬
‫‪ ‬جدول رقم )‪ (3‬يوضح معدل استخدام المبيدات ‪2009 ‐2008‬‬
‫المعدل‪/‬لتر‪ ‬‬ ‫االفات‪ ‬‬ ‫ماده فعاله‪ ‬‬ ‫المبيدات‪ ‬‬ ‫التاريخ‪ ‬‬
‫مل‪2‬‬ ‫المن والعناكب‬ ‫)‪Oxymatrine (0.2%)+Prosuler (0.4%‬‬ ‫‪King-Bo‬‬ ‫‪2009/5/3‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬ ‫المن‬ ‫‪Potassium salt of Fatty Acids‬‬ ‫صابون‪ ‬السائل‬ ‫‪2009/5/27‬‬
‫مل‪2‬‬ ‫‪ ‬المن‪ ‬والعناكب‬ ‫)‪Oxymatrine (0.2%)+Prosuler (0.4%‬‬ ‫)‪King-Bo‬‬ ‫‪2009/5/28‬‬
‫مل‪2‬‬ ‫‪ ‬المن‪ ‬والعناكب‬ ‫)‪Oxymatrine (0.2%)+Prosuler (0.4%‬‬ ‫)‪King-Bo‬‬ ‫‪2009/6/8‬‬
‫المن‪. ‬‬ ‫‪Potassium salt of Fatty Acids‬‬ ‫صابون‪ ‬السائل‬ ‫‪2009/6/17‬‬
‫مل‪2‬‬ ‫المن والعناكب‪ ‬‬ ‫)‪Oxymatrine (0.2%)+Prosuler (0.4%‬‬ ‫‪King-Bo‬‬ ‫‪2009/6/18‬‬
‫مل‪2‬‬ ‫المن والعناكب‪ ‬‬ ‫)‪Oxymatrine (0.2%)+Prosuler (0.4%‬‬ ‫‪King-Bo‬‬ ‫‪2009/6/24‬‬
‫جم‪ 3‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪Agri 2002‬‬ ‫‪2009/6/28‬‬
‫تم‪ ‬أستخدام‪ ‬اسماد‪ ‬عضوي‪ ‬متخمر‪ ‬في‪ ‬الماء‪ ‬لمدة‪ 4 ‬أيام‪ ‬بنسبة‪ ½ ‬كيلو‪ / ‬لتر‪ ‬ماء‪ ‬مع‪ ‬نترات‪ ‬كالسيوم‪ ‬بمع دل‪ 2 ‬ج م‪/‬لت ر‪ ‬م اء‪ ‬واض افة‪ ‬كمي ه‪ ‬‬
‫من‪ ‬ھذا‪ ‬المخلوط‪ ‬تتناسب‪ ‬مع‪ ‬عمر‪ ‬النبات‪ ‬وكمية‪ ‬ماء‪ ‬الري‪ .‬‬
‫معدالت اإلضافة‬
‫جدول رقم )‪ ( 4 ‬يوضح معدل استخدام السماد العضوي ‪ 2009 ‐2008‬‬
‫فترة‪ ‬الري‪ ‬‬ ‫عدد‪ ‬الري‪ ‬لكل‪ ‬يوم‪ ‬‬ ‫المحلول لكل نبته‪ ‬‬ ‫التاريخ‪ ‬‬ ‫المسلسل‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 10‬دقائق‪ ‬‬ ‫ريتين‪ ‬‬ ‫مل ‪0.50‬‬ ‫‪2009/5/28‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪ 10‬دقائق‪ ‬‬ ‫ريتين‪ ‬‬ ‫مل‪0.50‬‬ ‫‪2009/6/1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ 10‬دقائق‪ ‬‬ ‫ريتين‪ ‬‬ ‫مل‪0.75‬‬ ‫‪2009/6/3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ 10‬دقائق‪ ‬‬ ‫ريتين‪ ‬‬ ‫مل‪0.75‬‬ ‫‪2009/6/5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪ 10 ‬دقائق‪ ‬‬ ‫ريتين‪ ‬‬ ‫مل‪0.50‬‬ ‫‪2009/6/7‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪ 10 ‬دقائق‪ ‬‬ ‫ريتين‪ ‬‬ ‫مل‪0.50‬‬ ‫‪2009/6/9‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪ 10 ‬دقائق‪ ‬‬ ‫ريتين‪ ‬‬ ‫مل‪0.50‬‬ ‫‪2009/6/11‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫‪ 10 ‬دقائق‪ ‬‬ ‫ريتين‪ ‬‬ ‫مل‪0.50‬‬ ‫‪2009/6/13‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪ 12‬دقيقه‪ ‬‬ ‫ريتين‪ ‬‬ ‫مل‪0.50‬‬ ‫‪2009/6/15‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫‪ 12‬دقيقه‪ ‬‬ ‫ريتين‪ ‬‬ ‫مل‪0.50‬‬ ‫‪2009/6/17‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪ 12‬دقيقه‪ ‬‬ ‫ريتين‪ ‬‬ ‫مل‪0.50‬‬ ‫‪2009/6/19‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫‪ 12‬دقيقه‪ ‬‬ ‫ريتين‪ ‬‬ ‫مل‪0.50‬‬ ‫‪2009/6/21‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪ 12‬دقيقه‪ ‬‬ ‫ريتين‪ ‬‬ ‫مل‪0.50‬‬ ‫‪2009/6/23‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬
‫‪ 12‬دقيقه‪ ‬‬ ‫ريتين‪ ‬‬ ‫مل‪0.50‬‬ ‫‪2009/6/25‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬
‫‪ 12‬دقيقه‪ ‬‬ ‫ريتين‪ ‬‬ ‫مل‪1.50‬‬ ‫‪2009/6/27‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪ 12‬دقيقه‪ ‬‬ ‫ريتين‪ ‬‬ ‫مل‪1.50‬‬ ‫‪2009/6/29‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫‪ 15‬دقيقه‪ ‬‬ ‫ريتين‪ ‬‬ ‫مل‪1.50‬‬ ‫‪2009/7/1‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬
‫‪ 15 ‬دقيقه‪ ‬‬ ‫ريتين‪ ‬‬ ‫مل‪1.50‬‬ ‫‪2009/7/3‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫مالحظات‬
‫*‪ 2009/05/26 ‬اضافة‪ ‬سماد‪ ‬عضوي‪ ‬علي‪ ‬سطح‪ ‬التربة‪ ‬وخلطه‪ ‬مع‪ ‬التربة‪ ‬تحت‪ ‬النقاطات‪ ‬‬
‫*‪ 2009/06/02 ‬ظھور‪ ‬اعراض‪ ‬اصابه‪ ‬فطرية‪ ‬في‪ ‬التربة‪ ‬في‪ ‬الخط‪ ‬رقم‪ 3 ‬في‪ ‬الثلث‪ ‬األول‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫*‪ 2009/06/09 ‬ظھور‪ ‬نسبة‪ ‬عالية‪ ‬من‪ ‬اإلجھاض‪ ‬بسبب‪ ‬تكرار‪ ‬انقطاع‪ ‬التيار‪ ‬الكھربائي‪ ‬لعدة‪ ‬ايام‪ ‬متكرره‪ . ‬‬
‫*‪ 2009/06/21 ‬ظھور‪ ‬نسبه‪ ‬عاليه‪ ‬من‪ ‬اإلصابه‪ ‬بحشرة‪ ‬المن‪ ‬والدوده‪ ‬الخض راء‪ ‬ب الرغم‪ ‬م ن‪ ‬تك رار‪ ‬ال رش‪ ‬بمبي د‪ ‬ال‪ ‬ك نج‪ – ‬ب و‪ ) ‬بس بب‪ ‬‬
‫تكرارالرش‪ ‬بنفس‪ ‬المبيد(‪ ‬‬
‫العبدلي العروة الثانية‪:‬‬

‫مخطط رقم )‪ (2‬يوضح عدد مرات جمع المحصول ومعدالت اإلنتاج لمحصول الخيار في العروة الثانية في منطقة العبدلي ‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ) ‬مزرعة برقان (‪ ‬‬
‫‪700‬‬
‫‪600‬‬
‫‪500‬‬
‫‪400‬‬
‫‪300‬‬
‫‪200‬‬
‫‪100‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬
‫عدد مرات الجمع‬
‫مزرعة شركة برقان الزراعية بمنطقة الوفرة الزراعية‬

‫أوال‪ :‬العروة األولى تبدأ من شھر سبتمبر وتنتھي شھر ديسمبر‪.‬‬
‫الزراعة‪:‬‬
‫تاريخ‪ ‬التشتيل‪ 2008/9/5 :‬‬ ‫عدد‪ ‬النباتات‪ 437 :‬نبتة ‪ ‬‬
‫تاريخ‪ ‬الزراعة‪ 2008/9/13 :‬‬ ‫كمية‪ ‬اإلنتاج‪ 639.400 :‬كيلوغرام‪ ‬‬
‫تاريخ‪ ‬الجمع‪2008/10/13 :‬تاريخ‪ ‬إزالة‪ ‬النباتات‪ 2008/12/3 :‬‬ ‫إنتاج‪ ‬المحصول‪ ‬للمتر‪ ‬المربع‪ 3.65 :‬‬
‫األسمدة والبذور المستخدمة‪:‬‬
‫البذور‪ ‬المستخدمة‪ : ‬خيار‪ ‬نوع‪ ‬سلطان‪ ‬‬
‫جدول رقم )‪ (5‬يوضح معدل استخدام السماد الكيماوي‪ ‬‬
‫أوقات التسميد‪ ‬‬ ‫كمية السماد‪ ‬‬ ‫األسمدة‪ ‬المستخدمة‪ ‬‬ ‫الرقم‪ ‬‬
‫من‪ ‬تاريخ‪ 9/13 ‬الى‪) 2008 /10/13 ‬في‪ ‬بدية‪ ‬عمرھا(‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 1/2‬غرام‪ ‬للنبتة‪ ‬الواحدة‪ ‬‬ ‫يوريا‪ ‬فوسفيت‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬
‫كل أسبوع‪ ‬مرة‪ ‬طوال‪ ‬الموسم‪ ‬‬ ‫بمعدل غرام للنبتة الواحدة‪ ‬‬ ‫نترات‪ ‬الكالسيوم‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬‬
‫كل أسبوع‪ ‬مرة‪ ‬طوال‪ ‬الموسم‪ ‬‬ ‫بمعدل غرام للنبتة الواحدة‪ ‬‬ ‫نترات‪ ‬البوتاسيوم‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬‬
‫كل أسبوع‪ ‬مرة‪ ‬طوال‪ ‬الموسم‪ ‬‬ ‫بمعدل غرام للنبتة الواحدة‪ ‬‬ ‫مخلوط‪ (13 – 40 – 13) ‬‬ ‫‪ 4‬‬
‫كل أسبوع‪ ‬مرة‪ ‬طوال‪ ‬الموسم‪ ‬‬ ‫بمعدل غرام للنبتة الواحدة‪ ‬‬ ‫مخلوط‪ (18 ‐18 ‐ 18) ‬‬ ‫‪ 5‬‬
‫كل أسبوع‪ ‬مرة‪ ‬طوال‪ ‬الموسم‪ ‬‬ ‫بمعدل غرام للنبتة الواحدة‪ ‬‬ ‫مخلوط‪ (36 – 12 – 12) ‬‬ ‫‪ 6‬‬
‫كل شھر‪ ‬مرة‪ ‬طوال‪ ‬الموسم‪ ‬‬ ‫بمعدل غرام للنبتة الواحدة‪ ‬‬ ‫حديد‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 7‬‬
‫كل أسبوع‪ ‬مرة‪ ‬طوال‪ ‬الموسم‪ ‬‬ ‫بمعدل غرام للنبتة الواحدة‪ ‬‬ ‫عناصر‪ ‬صغرى‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 8‬‬
‫جدول رقم )‪ (6‬يوضح معدل استخدام المبيدات ‪ ‬‬
‫اآلفة‪ ‬‬ ‫أوقات الرش‪ ‬‬ ‫ادة معدل االستخدام‪ ‬‬ ‫نس بة الم‬ ‫اسم المبيد‪ ‬‬
‫الفعالة‪ ‬‬
‫الذبابة‪ ‬البيضاء‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 100‬م ل‪ 100 /‬بداية الزراعة‪ ‬‬ ‫فنتروثيون‪ ‬‬
‫‪ %50‬‬
‫‪ 13‬اكتوبر‪ ‬حتى‪ 13 ‬نوفمبر‪ ‬‬ ‫لتر‪ ‬ماء‪ ‬‬
‫رشه كل أسبوع‪ ‬مرة‪ ‬‬
‫البياض‪ ‬الزغبي‪ ‬‬ ‫ريدوميل جولد‪ ‬بلص‪ 400 Metalaxyl%42 ‬ج رام‪ 100 /‬بداية ظھور البياض‪ ‬الزغبي‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 23‬اكت وبر‪ ‬حت ى‪ 23 ‬ن وفمبر‪ ‬م رة‪ ‬ك ل‪ ‬‬ ‫لتر‪ ‬ماء‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ Ridomil Gold Plus‬‬
‫أسبوع )عدد مرات‪ ‬الرش‪ (4:‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫اآلفة‪ ‬‬ ‫أوقات الرش‪ ‬‬ ‫ادة معدل االستخدام‪ ‬‬ ‫نس بة الم‬ ‫اسم المبيد‪ ‬‬
‫الفعالة‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 80‬ج رام‪ 100 /‬فترة البياض الدقيقي‪ ‬بتاريخ‪ 4 ‬و‪ 19 ،12 ‬البياض‪ ‬الدقيقي‪ ‬‬ ‫‪Thiophanate‐ ‬‬ ‫صن توب‪ Suntop ‬‬
‫نوفمبر‪) 2008‬عدد‪ ‬مرات‪ ‬الرش‪ (3:‬‬ ‫لتر ماء‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ methyl %70‬‬
‫‪ 200‬م ل‪ 100 /‬بعد ظھور صانعة‪ ‬األنف اق‪ ‬م رة‪ ‬باألس بوع‪ ‬صانعات‪ ‬االنفاق‪ ‬‬ ‫ابامكتين ‪ %1.8‬‬ ‫فرتميك‪ ‬‬
‫عل ى‪ ‬فت رات‪ ‬متفاوت ة‪ ‬م ن‪ ‬ت اريخ‪ 15 ‬‬ ‫لتر‪ ‬ماء‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ Vertemic‬‬
‫س بتمبر‪ ‬حت ى‪ ‬ت اريخ‪ 15 ‬أكت وبر‪ 2008 ‬‬
‫)عدد مرات الرش‪ (4:‬‬
‫كمية مياه الري المستخدمة‬

‫‪ 500‬مل‪ /‬نبته‪ ‬يوميا‪ ‬‬
‫كمية‪ ‬المياه‪ ‬المستخدمة‪ ‬للري‪ ‬يوميا ّ=)‪500‬مل‪ 437x ‬نبتة‪ 218.5 = ‬لتر(‪ ‬‬
‫كمية‪ ‬المياه‪ ‬المستخدمة‪ ‬في‪ ‬العروة‪ 22942.5 = ‬لتر‪ ‬‬
‫مخطط رقم )‪ ( 3 ‬يوضح عدد مرات جمع المحصول ومعدل اإلنتاج‪ ‬لمحصول الخيار‪ ‬‬
‫‪400‬‬
‫‪300‬‬
‫‪200‬‬
‫‪100‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫العروة الثانية لمحصول الخيار ) ‪ ( 2009 -2008‬بمنطقة الوفرة الزراعية‬

‫خطوات التجربة‬
‫‪ .1‬تسوية‪ ‬التربة‪ ‬ثم‪ ‬تسويتھا‪ ‬وتقسيمھا‪ ‬الى‪ ‬مساطب‪ ‬ثم‪ ‬خطوط‪) ‬المساطب‪ ‬بعرض‪ 50 ‬سم‪ ‬والمسافة‪ ‬بين‪ ‬المصاطب‪ 50 ‬سم(‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬فرد‪ ‬السماد‪ ‬العضوي‪ ‬بالخطوط‪ ‬الطولية‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬وضع‪ ‬شتالت‪ ‬الخيار‪ ‬وتوزيعھا‪ ‬على‪ ‬الخطوط‪ ‬بالتثليث‪ ‬بمسافة‪ 50 ‬سم‪ ٢‬‬
‫البذور المستخدمة ‪ :‬البذور المستخدمة‪ :‬خيار نوع سلماني صنف ربيعي‬

‫الزراعة‬
‫تاريخ‪ ‬التشتيل‪2009/2/5 :‬‬ ‫•‬ ‫عدد‪ ‬النباتات‪ 448 :‬نبتة‬ ‫•‬
‫تاريخ‪ ‬الزراعة‪2009/2/5 :‬‬ ‫•‬ ‫كمية‪ ‬اإلنتاج‪ 861.550 :‬كيلوغرام‬ ‫•‬
‫تاريخ‪ ‬الجمع‪2009/3/30 :‬‬ ‫•‬ ‫إنتاج‪ ‬المحصول‪ ‬للمتر‪ ‬المربع‪3.8 :‬‬ ‫•‬
‫تاريخ‪ ‬إزالة‪ ‬النباتات‪ 2009/3/13 :‬‬ ‫•‬
‫جدول رقم )‪ ( 7 ‬يوضح معدل استخدام المبيدات على محصول الخيار ‪ 2009 ‐ 2008‬‬
‫اآلفة‪ ‬‬ ‫أوقات الرش‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ %‬المادة الفعالة‪ ‬معدل االستخدام‪ ‬‬ ‫اسم المبيد‪ ‬‬
‫اض‪ ‬‬ ‫البي‬ ‫‪ 20‬جرام‪ 10/‬لتر ماء‪ ‬فت رة البي اض‪ ‬الزغب ي‪ ‬بت اريخ‪ 4/12 ‬و‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ %50‬‬ ‫أروميل بلص‪ ‬‬
‫الزغبي‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 2009/4/16‬‬
‫اض‪ ‬‬ ‫البي‬ ‫‪20‬جرام‪10/‬لتر ماء‪ ‬بداي ة ظھ ور‪ ‬البي اض‪ ‬الزغب ي‪ 4/2‬حت ى‪ ‬‬ ‫ري دوميل‪ ‬جول د‪ %42 ‬‬
‫الزغبي‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 2009/5/6‬مرة‪ ‬كل‪ ‬أسبوع‪) ‬عدد‪ ‬مرات‪ ‬الرش‪ (4:‬‬ ‫بلص‪ ‬‬
‫المــن‪ ‬‬ ‫لمكافحة المن من‪ 5/2 ‬الى‪ 2009/5/11 ‬‬ ‫‪5‬سم‪ 10 /‬لتر ماء‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ %20‬‬ ‫صن كلورايد ‪ ‬‬
‫العناكب‪ ‬‬ ‫لمكافح ة العناك ب‪ ‬فت رة‪ 3/6 ‬حت ى ‪ 2009/3/16‬‬ ‫‪20‬سم‪ 10 /‬لتر ماء‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ %20‬‬ ‫أميتراز‪ ‬‬
‫مرة باألسبوع‪ ‬‬
‫ب‪ ‬‬ ‫العناك‬ ‫لمكافح ة العناك ب‪ ‬وص انعات‪ ‬األنف اق‪ ‬م ن‪ 3/24 ‬‬ ‫‪10‬سم‪ 10 /‬لترماء‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ %1.8‬‬ ‫ووبر أبا مكثين‪ ‬‬
‫واالنفاق‪ ‬‬ ‫حتى ‪ 2009/4/8‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫جدول رقم )‪( 8 ‬يوضح معدل استخدام السماد الكيماوي لمحصول الخيار ‪2009‐2008‬كمية مياه الري المستخدمة ‪ :‬‬
‫أوقات التسميد‪ ‬‬ ‫كمية السماد‪ ‬‬ ‫رقم‪ ‬األسمدة‪ ‬المستخدمة‪ ‬‬

‫من‪ ‬بداية‪ ‬عمر‪ ‬النبتة‪ ‬حتى‪ ‬اإلنتاج‪ ‬تاريخ‪ 2/22 ‬الى‪ 2009 /4/2 ‬‬ ‫‪ 1/2‬غرام‪ ‬للنبتة‪ ‬الواحدة‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬امونيوم‪ ‬فوسفات‪ ‬‬
‫فترة‪ ‬اإلنتاج ‪ 4/8‬إلى‪ 2009/5/9 ‬‬ ‫بمعدل غرام للنبتة الواحدة‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬سلفات‪ ‬مغنيسيوم‪ ‬‬
‫فترة‪ ‬اإلنتاج‪ 4/16‬و‪ 2009/5/4 ‬‬ ‫بمعدل غرام للنبتة الواحدة‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬نترات‪ ‬البوتاسيوم‪ ‬‬
‫من‪ ‬بداية‪ ‬عمر‪ ‬النبتة‪ ‬حتى‪ ‬اإلنتاج‪ ‬تاريخ‪ 2/24 ‬الى‪ 2009 /4/4 ‬‬ ‫بمعدل غرام للنبتة الواحدة‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 4‬مخلوط‪ (18‐18‐18) ‬‬
‫فترة‪ ‬اإلنتاج‪ 4/11‬الى‪ 2009 /5/6 ‬‬ ‫بمعدل غرام للنبتة الواحدة‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 5‬مخلوط‪ (26‐13‐13) ‬‬
‫كل أسبوع مرة طوال‪ ‬الموسم‪ ‬‬ ‫بمعدل غرام للنبتة الواحدة‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 6‬حديد‪ ‬‬
‫كل أسبوع مرة طوال‪ ‬الموسم‪ ‬‬ ‫بمعدل غرام للنبتة الواحدة‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 7‬عناصر‪ ‬صغرى‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 500‬مل‪ / ‬نبته‪ ‬مرتين‪ ‬يوميا‪ ‬‬
‫كمية‪ ‬المياه‪ ‬المستخدمة‪ ‬للري‪ 1) = ‬لتر‪ 448 x ‬نبتة‪ 448 = ‬لتر(‪ ‬‬
‫مالحظات على التجربة‪:‬‬

‫اإلصابة‪ ‬المرضية‪ ‬أخرت‪ ‬في‪ ‬اإلنتاج‬ ‫•‬ ‫• فترة‪ ‬الغبار‪ ‬أدت‪ ‬الى‪ ‬ظھور‪ ‬العناكب‬
‫صنف‪ ‬الخيار‪ ‬نوع‪ ‬سليماني‪ . ‬‬ ‫•‬ ‫• اإلنتاج‪ ‬أكثر‪ ‬من‪ ‬العروة‪ ‬األولى‬
‫أدى‪ ‬ذلك‪ ‬الى‪ ‬التأخر‪ ‬ألنھم‪ ‬أصناف‪ ‬شتوية‬ ‫•‬
‫الوفرة العروة الثانية‬
‫مخطط رقم )‪ (4‬يوضح معدل اإلنتاج بالنسبة الى عدد مرات الجمع‪ ‬‬
‫‪70‬‬
‫‪60‬‬
‫‪50‬‬
‫‪40‬‬
‫‪30‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬
‫جدول رقم )‪ (9‬للمقارنة بين مزارع الوفرة والعبدلي الزراعية ‪ ‬‬

‫مزرعة‪ ‬برقان‪ ‬بالعبدلي ‪ ‬‬ ‫مزرعة برقان بالوفرة‬ ‫المعيار‬
‫‪ 3.64‬كجم ‪ ‬‬ ‫العروة األولى متوسط‪ ‬اإلنتاج‪ ‬للمتر المربع بالكيلوجرام ‪ 3.65‬كجم‬
‫‪ 7.8‬كجم ‪ ‬‬ ‫العروة الثانية متوسط‪ ‬اإلنتاج‪ ‬للمتر المربع بالكيلوجرام ‪ 3.84‬كجم‬
‫العروة األولى‪ 660 = ‬مل‪ ‬‬ ‫العروة األولى = ‪ 1.250‬لتر‪ ‬‬ ‫كمية المياه‪ ‬المستخدمة‪ ‬لكل‪ ‬نبات يوميا ً‬
‫العروة الثانية‪ 1.160 = ‬لتر ‪ ‬‬ ‫العروة الثانية =‪ 1.1‬لتر ‪ ‬‬
‫العروة األولى‪ 58422.0= ‬لتر‪ ‬‬ ‫العروة األولى =‪ 22942.5‬لتر‪ ‬‬ ‫كمية المياه‪ ‬المستخدمة‪ ‬للري‪ ‬في العروة‬
‫العروة الثانية =‪ 43904.00‬لتر ‪ ‬العروة الثانية‪ 66230.0= ‬لتر ‪ ‬‬
‫العروة األولى‪ 45.6= ‬كجم‪/‬م‪ ³‬‬ ‫العروة األولى =‪ 82.5‬كجم‪/‬م‪ ³‬‬ ‫متوسط اإلنتاج‪ ‬لكل‪ ‬واحد‪ ‬متر‪ ‬مكعب مياه ري‬
‫العروة الثانية‪ 50.8= ‬كجم‪/‬م‪ ³‬‬ ‫العروة الثانية =‪ 20.37‬كجم‪/‬م‪ ³‬‬
‫‪ 9.49‬ملليموز‪/‬سم ‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 8.70‬ملليموز‪/‬سم‬ ‫ملوحة التربة‪ E.C ‬‬
‫‪ 5.1‬ملليموز‪/‬سم ‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 108‬ملليموز‪/‬سم‬ ‫ملوحة المياه ‪ ‬‬
‫األولى =‪ 107 ‬يوم‪ ‬‬ ‫األولى = ‪ 105‬يوم‪ ‬‬ ‫فترة العروة ‪ ‬‬
‫الثانية =‪ 79 ‬يوم ‪ ‬‬ ‫الثانية = ‪ 98‬يوم‬
‫‪ 324‬م‪ ²‬‬ ‫‪ 270‬م‪²‬‬ ‫مساحة البيت‪ ‬المحمي‪ ‬بالمتر‪ ‬المربع‬
‫العروة األولى‪ 849= ‬نبات‪ ‬‬ ‫العروة األولى =‪ 437‬نبات‪ ‬‬ ‫عدد النباتات‪ ‬في‪ ‬البيت‪ ‬المحمي‬
‫العروة الثانية‪ 840= ‬نبات ‪ ‬‬ ‫العروة الثانية =‪ 448‬نبات ‪ ‬‬
‫العروة األولى‪= ‬سلطان‪ ‬‬ ‫العروة األولى =سلطان‪ ‬‬ ‫صنف الخيار‪ ‬المنزرع ‪ ‬‬
‫العروة الثانية‪= ‬سلمان ‪ ‬‬ ‫العروة الثانية =سلمان‬

‫‪ ‬‬
: ‫العروة األولى للعبدلي والوفرة الزراعية‬

‫للعبدلي والوفرة الزراعية‬ ‫يوضح المقارنة بين إنتاج الخيار للعروة الثانية‬ (5) ‫مخطط رقم‬
400
350
300
(‫الوزن كجم )االنتاج‬
250 ‫العبدلي‬
200
‫الوفرة‬
150
100
50
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17
: ‫العروة الثانية للعبدلي والوفرة الزراعية‬

‫يوضح المقارنة بين إنتاج الخيار للعروة الثانية للعبدلي والوفرة الزراعية‬ (6) ‫مخطط رقم‬
700
600
500 ‫العبدلي‬
(‫الوزن كجم )االنتاج‬
400 ‫الوفرة‬
300
200
100
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
Attachments
Attachment. 1‐ Research team ‐ IPPM program
Attachment.2 –benchmark survey
Attachment.3 –water requirement
Attachment.2 -benchmark survey

Two farms, one in each arable area of the state, have been chosen to run IPPM Experiment under the
supervision of research team. Being the advanced and mechanized one, Burqan Agri.Co. Farms at Abdally and
Wafra have been selected.
Detailed bench mark studies for both selected farms & sites have been performed / conducted for the crop
season 2009 to 2010.
A ‐ Abdali Agricultural Farms Area
The farm in Abdali area has been intentionally selected for this purpose and find Burgan agriculture company
is the most suitable for the following :
• They are using green houses for the last three years. Mostly the green house size is varying 360 m²to
3072 ²m.

• In different green houses, farmer is growing cucumber, pepper, tomatoes, strawberry, melon and
cauliflower in summer, autumn and winter seasons. Because it was found that unfavorable weather
conditions caused to use green house cultivation in Kuwait.
• Hydroponics is quit a common practice in this farm which is being practiced on 126.5 mt sq area. The
E.C of the soil is 9.47 milimos/cm.
• If we look at the area under crops, maximum area covered / falling under palm tree is 22 donum
followed by 22 donum under fodder crops.
• The yield data showed the total cucumber fruit was 1,180 kgs till 5th Jan. 2009 and with price 100 fils
per kgs for winter crop.
• The pepper has recorded total yield 2.185 kgs with 130 fils per kg in autumn season.
• Similarly tomato crop yielded 5,685 kg till 19th May, 2009 with an average price of 82 fils per kg.
•
th
Winter cauliflower produce was 15,120 kgs by the end of 28 December, 2008 catching average price
50 fils per kg.
B‐ Wafra Agricultural Farms Area
The same Burgan Agriculture Company has been contacted for bench mark survey. This company is
participating in the project from last 1 year. The usual area of the green house single type is 306 m².
• In this green house only one crop cucumber was grown in autumn. By the end of 3rd December, 2008,
it gave 693 kgs with the average price of 500 files as per the market rate recorded.
• The total area of the farm is 5 donum as personal property. The soil type is sandy loom. The E.C of
used water is 108 mlmos/cm. and area under green house is one donum.
• Generally, the opinion of the farmer is to use green house cultivation because of the controlled
conditions.
• They also feel that green house technique is the best to use for the cultivation in Kuwait.
Attachment3: recommendations on the water requirement based on the results obtained from
the questionnaire for burgan farms in wafra and abdalli
1‐ Burgan farm in Wafra:
There was medium water use efficiency per cubic meter when compared to the yield for Sultan in the first trial
(82.559kg/m³There was low water use efficiency per cubic meter when compared to the yield for Sultan in the
second trial (20.373kg/m³).
2‐ Burgan farm in Abdalli:
The water use efficiency per cubic meter in comparison to the yield for Sultan was high (208.669kg/m³).
Conclusion
1. The water use requirement for Sultan is lower than Salman.
2. The water use efficiency for Sultan is higher than Salman.
3. The daily water requirement for cucumber crop in Wafra is higher than Abdalli.


Promoting an integrated production system for indigenous forage
species (Baffle grass and Thomam) with high water use efficiency to
farmers

S. Al Oraifan, J. Al Taho, S. Al kandari, H. Al‐Shatti, E. BuHamad, A. Al Rashed, and A. Al
Azemi
Public Authority of Agricultural Affairs and Fish Resources, P.O. Box 21422,Safat 13075, Kuwait.

Abstract
Introducing drought resistant indigenous plants to local farmers in a way to reduce the amount of water used
and to benefit from its economic value as fodder for their livestock. Hot summers easily dry arid lands yet
some of it's incredible plants live to see the spring thanks to the plants ability to tolerate hot temperatures and
drought. Couple of well known drought resistant plants come from the Poaceae family which are Cenchrus
ciliaris and Panicum turgidum. Efforts where made to introduce and promote planting such plants for local
farmers. The plants were used to evaluate their production, seed vigor and, crop yield and their use as fodders
for their livestock .
Key words: Arid lands . Cenchrus ciliaris . Panicum turgidum . Drought resistant . Indigenous plants . Fodder
Objective: Test, evaluate and disseminate improved technology packages that increase water use efficiency
and conserve rangeland resources
Introduction
Most of the area of the Arabian Peninsula is a desert with relatively long periods of summers and high
temperatures that act as a major factor of the evaporation of water and wilting of plants. Desert plants are
under tremendous pressure and are subjected to large fluctuation over time due to highly unpredictable
environment with respect to water availability,
a relatively short growth period and extreme
aridity [1].
The Bedouins used various desert plants for
their livestock to graze on and couple of those
plants were Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel grass) and
Panicum turgidum (thomam) which were used
as fodder for livestock.
Although Panicum turgidum is used as a fodder
it has also been used as edible food for
humans. The Tuareg inhabitants of the
Ahaggar Mountains in the central Sahara eat
the grain (Bor, 1960) [2]; it is ground into a
flour and made into porridge. It is also used for
thatch, and mats (the Tuaregs use the stems
with a weft of thin leather strips). The ashes
Fig 1: Map of Kuwait showing the location of the
are added to tobacco for chewing, and the
agricultural areas of Kuwait (Al‐Wafra and Abdaly) also the
powder from ground stems is used for healing
location of The Public Authority of Agricultural Affairs and
wounds (Williams & Farias, 1972) [3].
Fish Resources and, Al‐Ardiya nursery for the development
Both Panicum turgidum and Cenchrus ciliaris of native plants
come from the Poaceae family which is
commonly known as the grass family. Panicum turgidum is a perennial, growing as dense bushes up to 1 m tall.
It bends over and roots at the nodes. Leaves few, stems hard, bamboo‐like, solid, smooth and polished; 2.5‐3
mm in diameter, emitting from the nodes panicles of branches in tufts from a swollen base. Panicle terminal,
3‐10 cm long; spikelets 3‐4 mm long, solitary (Cooke, 1958) [4]. The roots are remarkable for their clothing of
root hairs to which fine sand adheres, giving them a felty appearance (Bor, 1960) [2]. The genus Cenchrus
belongs to the tribe Paniceae, in which the two‐flowered spikelets fall when ripe, leaving no glumes. The
spikelets are solitary and the pedicels never swollen. Cenchrus resembles the genus Pennisetum, except that

the bristles are wavy and the inner ones flattened at the base. Cenchrus ciliaris has slightly hairy inner bristles,
connate at the base only, fine and only slightly flattened at the base. It is a tufted or spreading perennial 12‐
120 cm tall (Harker & Napper, 1960) [5]. It is deep rooting.
Both plants can physically and physiologically tolerate and resist drought to a remarkable point, thus this is
very helpful for farmers in means of using it's drought tolerance to reduce the amount of water irrigated.
Materials and methods

Cenchrus ciliaris was vegetatively propagated in Al Ardiya nursery for the development of native plants in a
green house and maintained under controlled conditions until the development of roots also it was planted in
a net house as mother plants for producing seeds. Whereas Panicum turgidum was obtained from its natural
habitat the desert and vegetatively propagated in the green house and kept under controlled conditions also
the vegetative part of Panicum turgidum was cut to a height of approximately 16cm to enhance and
reestablish the development of the roots.
Local farms where selected in Abdaly to conduct the enhancement of rural livelihoods and natural resource
management activities. Starting with promoting indigenous forage species to farmers as a natural fodder for
their livestock.
First of all, the vegetatively propagated plants where planted in a farm, in a certain area of the farms land
that was selected and was well plowed and divided into 10 plots and was ready for planting. The plots were
divided as follows; 2 plots for Cenchrus ciliaris and 8 plots for Panicum turgidum. Each plot had 25 plants,
summing that 200 plants of Panicum turgidum were planted and 50 plants of Cenchrus ciliaris were planted.
Other farms in Abdaly where selected as locations for seed multiplication of Cenchrus ciliaris. The seeds of
Cenchrus ciliaris were planted with spacing of 50cm by 50cm and left to germinate in a well conditioned soil
with an irrigation method of drip irrigation system.

Fig 2: Cenchrus ciliaris arrival at the green house Fig 3: Cenchrus ciliaris after repotting
Fig 4: Cenchrus ciliaris planted in a net house as seed Fig 5: Panicum turgidum in its natural habitat

producers


Fig 6: The collection of Panicum turgidum, digging Fig 7: The removal of Panicum turgidum from the land

under its roots

Fig 8: The roots of Panicum turgidum are shown Fig 9: The separation of the Panicum turgidum 'tillers'
above for potting

Fig 10: Potting of Panicum turgidum Fig 11: Planting Panicum turgidum in the field

Fig 12: The area for seed multiplication of Cenchrus Fig 13: Planting the seed of Cenchrus ciliaris
ciliaris


Promoting and planting both Cenchrus ciliaris and Panicum turgidum in local farms in Abdaly was successful
and promising for the time being. That is to say that the initial phase of the program is mostly completed
leaving only the future outcomes of the harvest.
Current and future work plan

Seed multiplication in fields program is currently active. Also an area in Al‐Wafra is now designated for the
rehabilitation of rangeland through proper management techniques, water harvesting, re‐seeding and grazing
program. A survey for local farmers dealing with social economics is being handed and in progress.
References
1. Omar, S.A.S and N.R. Bhat, 2008. Alteration of the Rhanterium epapposum plant community in Kuwait and
restoration measurers. Intl. J. Environ. Studies, 65(1): 139‐155
2. Bor, N.L. 1960. The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan. London, Pergamon Press.
3. Williams, J.T. & Farias, R.M. 1972. Utilization and taxonomy of the desert grass, Panicum turgidum. Econ.
Bot., 26: 13‐20
4. Cooke, T. 1958. The flora of the Presidency of Bombay. Calcutta, Sri Gouranga Press.
5. Harker, K.W. & Napper, D. 1960. An illustrated guide to the grasses of Uganda. Entebbe, Govt Printers.

Oman

National Coordinator: Dr. Ahmed Nasser Al‐Bakri
DG of Agriculture & Livestock Research
Ministry of Agriculture
Technical Coordinator: Dr. Ali Hussein Al‐Lawati
Assistant Director of Plant Production Research Center
Ministry of Agriculture
Research & Extension Team: Eng. Abdullah Al Henai
Eng. Ahmed Al Mantheri
Eng. Ahmed Al Shidi
Eng. Fatmah Al Raesi and
Eng. Mohamed Tabook
Eng. Mohammed Al Mahrooqi
Eng. Muthir Al Rawahi
Eng. Qais Al Ma'awali
Eng. Saaed Al Adawi
Eng. Saffa Al Farsi
Eng. Said Al Adawai
Eng. Said Al Balushi
Eng. Said Al Wardi
Eng. Saleh Al Henai
Eng. Salem Al Toobi
Eng. Salim Al Hinai
Eng. Salim Al Makhmari
Eng. Yosif Al Raesi
Eng. Khalfan Al Maqbali

Research Activities in Oman


Oman Country Report for Season 200809

Output A.1- Promoting an integrated production system for indigenous forage species (Buffel
Grass, Thomam, Etc) with high water use efficiency to farmers
Stubbles of Buffel grass were brought from U.A.E through ICARDA‐APRP office.
These stubbles were planted in areas ranging from 100 to 800m2 in five different research farms located in the
northern part of Oman on 25 and 26 October, 2008. These stubbles were distributed to seven farms as
illustrated in Table 1. The project provided some farmers with irrigation systems and fertilizers as incentives
for growing such crop. Total of 1700 m2 were planted. More than seventy visits were conducted to these farms
to follow progress of the cultivation and husbandry practices carried out by the farmers. In addition, a leaflet
about the agricultural practices of Buffel grass was issued and distributed to farmers and others.
Table 1: Buffel grass distribution during November 2008 to the farmers and their locations, date of planting,
and cultivated areas in Oman
No. Farmer’s Name Region Wilayah Date of Planting Area (m2)
1 Saif Humaid Al‐Badi Al Batinah Saham 10/11/2008 500
2 Amer Humaid Al‐Saidi Al Batinah Saham 10/11/2008 600
3 Majid Shaikhan Al‐Mamari Al Batinah Barka 10/11/2008 100
4 Khalifa Yaqoob Al‐Harasi Al Dakheliah Nizwa 11/11/2008 100
5 Mohail Abdullah Al‐Khatri Al Dakheliah Al‐Hamra 12/11/2008 80
6 Fahad Khalifa Al‐Kalbani Al Dhahirah Ibri 10/11/2008 200
7 Hilal Hamoud Al‐Mamari Al Dhahirah Ibri 10/11/2008 100

Opportunities for improvement:
Proper mechanization for harvesting buffel grass is needed to be determined in the next stage. Currently all
buffel grass are grown under the drip irrigation. Some farmers in the project are looking to extend growing this
grass by installing sprinkler irrigation.
It should be noticed the farmers need to be aware of water requirement of the buffel grass. It is recommended
to install the water meter for measuring water consumed in production.
Output A.2. Development of Integrated Production System for Spineless Cactus as Forage
Cactus nurseries were established first in Agriculture Research Center at Rumais in 2005. This nursery contains
more than 38 accessions brought from Tunisia through the project of ICARDA‐APRP second phase. Additional
nurseries were established in 2006 in Jimmah Research Station in Bahal, Al Dakhliahr region and Al Kamil
Research Station in Al Sharqiah region. The following farmers were benefited from this activity:

1. Farmer Hasan Saud Al Kindi in Nizwa (Al Dakheliah region) under drip irrigation system 580 pads planted
on 22/2/2009.
2. Farmer Yahya Saif Al Hadabi in Samail (Al Dakheliah region) under traditional irrigation system 80 pads
planted on 23/2/2009.
3. Farmer Salem Rashid Al Ma'amari in Saham (Al Batinah region) under sprinkler irrigation system 200 pads
were planted on 24/2/2009
Farmers provided all required materials for growing cactus in their fields. The project provided them labors at
the time of planting. Total of 13 visists were conducted by the research and extension agents team since date
of planting.
In addition,

• A leaflet about the agricultural practices of cactus was issued and distributed to farmers and interested
fellows
• Cactus pads of 38 accessions (5 pads/accession) have been distributed to, K.S.A., U.A.E. and Qatar in
coordination with ICARDA‐APRP.
Output A.3. Enhance the Adoption of Indigenous Forage and Rehabilitation of Rangeland
through Mass Production of Seed
A Seed Health Laboratory (SH) was proposed to be included with the current Seed Technology Unit. A small
building was chosen within the campus of ARC at Rumais. A Crooke for the SHL was developed with assistance
of DR. Siham Asaad (Head, Seed Health Laboratory – ICARDA). Financial support was allocated for equipping
the SHL that agreed among the Dr Asaad and the Head of the Seed and Plant Genetic Resources at ARC. The
proposed lab is under procedure of approval from the ministry administrative.
Output A.4. Rehabilitation of Rangeland through Proper Management Techniques, Water

Harvesting, Re-Seeding & Grazing
In coordination with the local community and officials of Research station in Al Jabel Al Akhdar (Al Dakhliah
region), a rangeland site of was selected at Saih Al‐Aal’anah for the ICARDA‐APRP activity to demonstrate
techniques for establishing vegetation and evaluating different techniques of water harvesting. The site is
located 2300m above the sea level (Longitude 057o 41’ 31” E and Latitude 23o 05’ 30” N). In general, the site
has gravely soil among the small to large boulders of rocks.
Observations to be recorded:
• Name and no. of herb, shrub and tree species that the site/s contain
• Name of the grass species present in the site
• Reseeding of indigenous grass species during rains
• Recording of germination (appearance) of the seeded grass species and their height as parameter of
rate of growth.
Output A.5. Adoption of Integrated Production & Protection Management (IPPM) for the
production of high quality cash crops with less pesticide residue
Team work was establishment between Agricultural research scientists and extension agents from different
regions of Oman where the protected agriculture system were located. Soil less techniques were illustrated to
group of farmers in different regions of the country. Then, farmers were selected (for both Output A.5. and
A.6) by researchers and extension agents using the following criteria:
1‐ Availability of greenhouses infrastructure,
2‐ Interested in implementing the system of soil less growing technique (closed system),
3‐ Willingness to follow the technical instruction from the and the researchers extension agents and,
4‐ He/she should be available in the farm if possible in all time,
5‐ Irrigation water quality should be in the range of 0.5‐0.8 dS/m,
6‐ Application of IPPM techniques should be used.
Farmers were provided by the project with the following materials:
1‐ Seeds
2‐ Perlite
3‐ Pots
4‐ Plastic sheets (mulch)
5‐ Fertilizers
6‐ EC and pH meters
7‐ Yellow sticky traps
8‐ Bioinsecticide (Fanaria, Ortiva, king bo, Vertemic, Evisect S, XinTari, Pirethrum, malathone)
9‐ Fungicide (Previcure, Tachigaren, Score Acaricide, Ortos)
The farmers provide the following materials:
1‐ Cooling greenhouse with Double Door and insect proof net
2‐ Concrete Channels
3‐ Irrigation System


A. Production Component:
Five farmers were chosen with help of extensions to implementing the application of IPPM from different
regions
NAME SYSTEM CROP Region Wilayah Village
Saud Hamed AL Rawahy IPPM Cucumber Batinah Barka Saqsooq
Abdallah Ali AL Wardi IPPM Sweet Pepper Dakheliah Bahla AL Khatwa
Said Abdallah AL Wardi IPPM Cucumber Batinah Bahla AL Khatwa
Saif AL Ghafri IPPM Cucumber Dhahirah Abri AL Ain
Khalfan Said AL Subhi IPPM Cucumber Batinah Barka AL Abyadh

1‐ Farm: Said Abdallah AL‐Wardi
Region: AL Dakhilia
Wilayat: Bahla AL khatwa
Crop: Cucumber
First Crop From 20/2/09‐30/5/09, variety used Dipo F1, harvest period from 23/3/09 to 30/5/09 (30
harvests).
Output Yield 5.5 t/Gh (351m2)
Water Consumption 100 m3
Input Fertilizers; Triple Super Phosphor 13kg, Organic Manure 400kg , Urea 30kg, Sulfate
Potassium 28kg and Micro fertilizers 1kg.
Second Crop From 18/5/ to 8/8/09, variety used Dipo F1, harvest period from 22/6/ to 8/8/09( 22
harvest)
Yield 4.5 t/Gh (351m2)
Output Water Consumption m3
Observations:
1. The production of the cucumber for two different growing seasons which was started from 202/09 and
finished on 8/8/09 ranged from 4.5 to
5.5t/Gh (Figure 3). Fig 3. Production of Cucumber in two growing
Seasons in soil using IPPM AL Wardi Farm
2. During summer season the production is
reduced.
3. However, this production is considered
high due to the fact that the farmer has 5.5
used all IPPM requirements which were
5
advised by the Research and extension
Yield t/Gh
4.5
team.
4
2‐ Farm: Abdullah Ali AL‐Wardi 3.5
Region: AL Dakhilia
3
Crop: Sweet Pepper First Season 2and Season

First Crop From 28/2/09‐4/6/09, variety used Majester F1, harvest period from 10/4/09 to 4/6/09 (34
harvests).
Second Crop Transplanted on 25/9/ 09, variety used Majester F1,
Water Consumption m3
Fertilizers; Triple Super Phosphor, Organic Manure, Urea, Sulfate Potassium and Micro
Input fertilizers.

Observations: Fig 4. Production of Cucumber in two growing Seasons

in soil using IPPM AL Rawahy Farm
1. The production of the Sweet Pepper for
first growing seasons was started from
28/2/09 and finished on 10/4/09 was
5.7t/Gh was high. 5
2. This is first planting of Sweet Pepper other
4
than Cucumber by the farmer in the Al
Yield t/Gh
Dakhilah Region. 3

3‐ Farm: Saud Hamed AL Rawahy 2
Region: AL Batinah
1
Wilayat: Barka AL Saqsooq
Crop: Cucumber First Season 2and Season

harvests).
Input Fertilizers; Organic Manure 120kg Amcopest (20:50:10+ TC) 2kg, Hydro (20:20:20+ TC) 10
kg, Ultra sol (15:8:26+TC) 35kg and Micro fertilizers 1kg.
Second Crop From 30/5 to 31/7/09, variety used Hana F1, harvest period from 22/6/ to 31/7/09 ( 20
harvest)
Input Fertilizers; Organic Manure 120kg Amcopest (20:50:10+ TC) 2kg, Hydro (20:20:20+ TC) 10
kg, Ultra sol (15:8:26+TC) 28kg and Micro fertilizers 1kg.
Production:
1. The production of the cucumber for two different growing seasons which was started from 22/2/09 and
finished on 31/7/09 ranged from 3.1 to 5.0 t/Gh (Figure 4).
2. During summer season the production is reduced due to high temperature.
3. This productions is consider higher due to the fact that the farmer has used all IPPM requirements which
was advised by the Research and extension team also amount of fertilizers applied were sufficient.
4‐ Farm: Saif AL Ghafri
Region: AL Dhahira
Wilayat: Abri AL Ain
Crop: Cucumber
First Crop From 14/6/09‐28/9/09, variety used Hana F1, harvest period from 5/7/09 to 28/9/09 (31
harvests).
Input Fertilizers; Organic Manure 120kg, Triple Super Phosphor 20kg, Urea 30kg, Sulfate
Potassium 13kg and Micro fertilizers 1kg.and Micro fertilizers 1kg.
Second Crop Prepared for another crop
Observation:
1. The production of the cucumber for one growing seasons which was started from 14/6/09 and finished
on 28/9/09 was 5.0 t/Gh is consider high.
2. Since the planting was during summer season we can resume that high production of cucumber may be
that the farmer applied IPPM program as required which was given by the Research.

5‐ Farm: Khalfan Said AL Subhi
Region: AL Batinah
Wilayat: Barka AL Abyadh
Crop: Cucumber


First Crop From 29/6/09‐4/10/09, variety used Hana F1, harvest period from 10/8/09 to 4/10/09 (12
harvests).
2
Output Yield 2.3 t/Gh (351m )
Input Fertilizers; Organic Manure 120kg,NPK (14:14:28) 29kg, NPK (0:0:52+ TC) 4 kg, NPK
(0:52:34+TC) 26kg , Potassium 7.5kg and Calcium 3kg.
Second Crop Prepared for another crop

Observation:
1. The production of the cucumber for one growing seasons which was started from 29/6/09 and finished
on 4/10/09 was 2.3 t/Gh is consider good.
2. The farmer used a huge amount of fertilizers which may be effect the production and reduce it.

General observation about the production:
It was found that production in summer season in Al Batinah region was an average less about 40% than Al
Dakhiliah and Al Dhahira region. This is due to high relative humidity in Al Batinah region.
B. Protection Component
Five farmers were chosen with help of extensions to implementing the IPPM system from different regions
1‐ Farmer: Said ABdullah AL‐Wardi
Region: AL Dakhilia
Crop: Cucumber

First Crop From 20/2/ to 30/5/09, variety used Adib F1, harvest period from 23/3/ to 30/5/09 (30
harvest)
Output Yield 5.5 t/Gh(351m2)
Input Diseases: Damping‐off and wilt 0%, Powdery Mildew 0%, Downey mildew 0% and mosaic
virus 0%
Insects: Aphid 5%, white fly 0%, leaf miner 0% , thrips 0%, and Mite 0%
Fungicide
Bio‐Insecticide:
Control From 25/2/ to 20/7/09, variety used Dipo F1,
virus 0%
Fungicide: Ridomial drench two times
Two times
Bio‐Insecticide: malathone spary once
Notes: stop spray due to high infection of Downey mildew and low product.
Second Crop From 18/5/ to 8/8/09, variety used Dipo F1, harvest period from 22/6/ to 8/8/09( 22 harvest)
Input Diseases:
Insects:
Fungicide
Bio‐Insecticide:

2‐ Farmer: Abdullah Ali AL‐Wardi
Region: AL Dakhilia
Crop: Sweet Pepper

First Crop From 28/2/ to 4/6/09, variety used Majester F1, harvest period from 10/4/ to 4/6/09( 34
harvests)

virus 0%
Fungicide: Ridomial drench once
Bio‐Insecticide:

3‐ Farmer: Saud Hamd AL‐Rawahy
Region: AL Batinah
Wilayat: Barka Saqsooq
Crop: Cucumber
First Crop From 22/2/ to 19/5/09, variety used Dipo F1, harvest period from 22/3/ to 19/5/09( 23
harvest)
Output Yield 5 t/Gh(351m2)
virus 0%
Fungicide: Previcure spray two times
Bio‐Insecticide: king bo once
virus 20%
Fungicide: Previcure spray and drench two times
Bio‐Insecticide: Evisect S once
Notes: stop spray due to high infection of diseases and low product.
Second Crop From 30/5 to 31/7/09, variety used Hana F1, harvest period from 22/6/ to 31/7/09 ( 20
harvest)
virus 0%
Fungicide: Previcure spray two times
Bio‐Insecticide: king bo once

4‐ Farmer: Saif Al‐Gaferi
Region: AL Dhahirah
Wilayat: Ibri AL Ainnain
Crop: Cucumber

First Crop From 14/6/ to 28/9/09, variety used Hana F1, harvest period from 5/7/ to 28/9/09( 31
harvest)
virus 0%
Insects: Aphid 0%, white fly 0%, leaf miner 5%, thrips 0%, and Mite 0%
Fungicide: Ridomial drench and spray once
Bio‐Insecticide: Evisect S two times
Input of the Diseases: Damping‐off and wilt 5%, Powdery Mildew 20%, Downey mildew 20% and mosaic
crop virus 0%
Insects: Aphid 0%, white fly 5%, leaf miner 0% and thrips 0%, and Mite 5%
Fungicide:
Bio‐Insecticide:
Notes: no spray due to high soil salinity and low product.
Second crop Prepared for another crop


5‐ Farmer: Khalifan Said Al‐Sobihi
Region: AL Batinah
Wilayat: Barka AlAbiuad
Crop: Cucumber

First Crop From 29/6/ to 4/10/09, variety used Hana F1, harvest period from 10/8/ to 4/10/09( 12
harvest)
virus 0%
Insects: Aphid 0%, white fly 65%, leaf
miner 0% , thrips 0%, and Mite 0%
Fungicide: phacomial5% drench two
times
Bio‐Insecticide: vertemic three times
Notes: we remove black mulch de to sun
burn to seeding
‐ high dose of vertimic causes phyto‐
toxicity to plants.

Second crop Prepared for another crop

Output A.6. Adoption of Water Efficient and High Density Production Techniques for Quality
Cash Crops
A. Production Component

These Five farmers are as follow:
NAME SYSTEM CROP Region Wilayah Village
Ahmed Abdullah Al Wardi NFT Cucumber Dakheliah Bahla AL khatwa
Suleiman Ali Al Khatri NFT Cucumber Dakheliah Bahla AL Kharm
Mansor Ali Al Sulaimi Vertical Strawberry Batinah Barka AL Filaij
Badar Sulaimi Al Kalbani NFT Cucumber Dhahirah Abri AL Nagid
Rashid Al Subhi NFT Cucumber Batinah Barka AL Oqda

The following are details of input and output activity of each farmer.
1‐ Farmer: Ahmed Abdullah AL‐Wardi
Region: AL Dakhilia
Wilayat: Bahla, AL Khatwa
Crop: Cucumber

First Crop From 1/8/08‐27/10/08, variety used Adib F1, harvest period from 20/8/08 to 27/10/08 (28
harvest)
Output Yield 5 .05 t/Gh(351m2)
Input Water Consumption m3
Fertilizers; Calcium nitrate 25kg, NPK(20:20:20) 25kg, NPK(12:12:36) 25kg, Magnesium Sulfate
2.5kg
Second Crop From 27/1/ to 18/4/09, variety used Hana F1, harvest period from 28/2/ to 18/4/09( 26
harvest)

Fertilizers; Calcium nitrate 23kg, NPK(20:20:20) 18kg, NPK(12:12:36) 12kg
Third Crop From 18/5/ to 28/7/09, variety used Dipo F1, harvest period from 18/6/ to 28/7/09(24
harvest)
Fertilizers; Calcium nitrate 22kg, NPK(20:20:20) 16kg, NPK(12:12:36) 6kg, 3.2kg, nitric acid 7l
iron 400gram
Fourth Crop From 30/8/ to 11/11/09, variety used Hana F1, harvest period from 28/9/ to 11/11/09(20
harvest)
Output Yield 4.7t/Gh(351m2)
Input Water Consumption 26 m3
3kg, Iron 200gram and 3liters nitric acid

Observations:
Fig.1 Production of cucum ber in four grow ing seasons
The production of the cucumber for four in hydroponics Closed system AL Wardi Farm
different growing seasons which was started
from 1/8/08 and finished on 11/11/09 ranged
from 4.7 to 5.1t/Gh (Figure 1).
5.2
We consider the farmer has success in 5
production using this type of techniques and
4.8
Yield t/Gh
with time he will gain an experience. Also he

4.6
now interested in converted his greenhouses to
soilless growing techniques (Closed System). 4.4
4.2
2‐ Farmer: Suleiman Ali AL Khatri 4
Region: AL Dakhilia
First Season 2and Season Third Season Fourth Season
Wilayat: Bahla, AL Kharm
Crop: Cucumber
harvest)
3.2 kg
harvest)
4 kg, Micro (Fertilioncombi) 400 gram and 4 liter Nitric acid

Observations:
The production of the cucumber for two different growing seasons which was started from 2/3/09 and
finished on 22/8/09 ranged from 4.2 to 4.3t/Gh (Figure 2).
During summer the production was low due to high temperature and altered management applied by the
farmer.
We consider the farmer has success in production using this type of techniques and with time he will gain
experience.
3‐ Farmer: Mansour Ali AL Sulaimi
Region: AL Batinah
Wilayat: Barka, AL Filaij
Crop: Dwarf Beans


First Crop From 17/1/09‐28/2/09, varieties used Record F1 and Bronco F1, harvest period from
18/2/09 to 28/2/09 (4 harvest)
Fertilizers; Calcium nitrate 25kg, NPK(20:20:20) 25kg, , Magnesium Sulfate 1 kg
Second Crop Will be planted during December , Crop: Lettuce

Vertical Hydroponics system:

In this farm we have implemented the vertical hydroponics system as the farmer was interested to apply this
system in his farm. First crop was dwarf
bean, which is easy to growing and manage. Fig.2 Production of Cucumber in two growing
Seasons in Hydroponics closed System AL Khatri
Observations:
The production of two varieties of Bean was
very low 0.6t/Gh due to the fact of sever
4.3
infestation of diseases and low germination
of the variety Record F1. Yield t/Gh 4.1
Currently, we are preparing with farmer for 3.9

second crop which will be lettuce.
3.7
4‐ Farmer: Rashid Khalfan AL Subhi
Region: AL Batinah 3.5
Wilayat: Barka, AL Oqda
Crop: Cucumber First Season 2and Season

First Crop From 5/5/09‐1/6/09, variety used Luna F1
The crop was terminated due to high temperature and sever
Input Fertilizers; Calcium nitrate 4kg, NPK(20:20:20) 44 kg and , Magnesium Sulfate 1 kg
Second Crop Transplanted on 23/10/09 and harvest started on 25/11/09

5‐ Farmer: Badar Sulaim AL Kalbani
Region: AL Dhahira
Wilayat: Abri AL Nagid
Crop: Cucumber
First Crop From 15/5/09‐15/7/09, variety used Luna F1, harvest period from 5/6/09 to 15/7/09 (4
harvest)
Output Yield 120 kg/Gh (351m2)
The crop was terminated due to high temperature and increase of water salinity up to
2.0ds/m
Input Fertilizers; Calcium nitrate 4kg, NPK(20:20:20) 4 kg and , Magnesium Sulfate 1 kg
Input by Problem of water salinity by establishing small unit of desalination system by the farmer.
farmer Transplanted on 26/11/09 variety Hana F1.

Second Crop
B. Protection Component
1‐ Farm: Ahmed AL‐Wardi
Region: AL Dakhilia
Crop: Cucumber
Second Crop From 27/1/ to 18/4/09, variety used Hana F1, harvest period from 28/2/ to 18/4/09( 26
harvest)
virus 0%

Insects: Aphid 0%, white fly 0%, leaf miner 5% and thrips 0%
Mite 5%
Fungicide: Ridomial spray once
Bio‐Insecticide: Ortos once
Notes: same control as in IPPM 25‐2‐09
Third Crop From 18/5/ to 28/7/09, variety used Dipo F1, harvest period from 18/6/ to 28/7/09(24
harvest)
virus 5%
Mite 5%
Fungicide:
Bio‐Insecticide: Ortos spary once
Fourth Crop From 30/8/ to 11/11/09, variety used Hana F1, harvest period from 28/9/ to 11/11/09(20
harvest)
Output Yield 4.7t/Gh(351m2)
virus 0%
Mite 0%
Fungicide: Previcure spray two times, Tachigaren drench two times
Bio‐Insecticide: malathone spary once
Control From 18/5/ to 25/7/09, variety used Dipo F1
virus 0%
Mite 5%
Fungicide: Ridomial drench two times
Bio‐Insecticide: Ortos spary once
Notes: stop uses of fungicde due to high infection of Damping‐off and wilt and low product.

2‐ Farm: Suleiman AL Khatri
Region: AL Dakhilia, Wilayat: Bahla AL Kharm, Crop: Cucumber
First Crop From 2/3/09‐30/5/09, variety used Dipo F1, harvest period from 5/4/09 to 30/5/09
(24 harvest)
Input Diseases: Damping‐off and wilt 5%, Powdery Mildew0%, Downey mildew 5% and
mosaic virus 0%.
Mite 5%
Fungicide: Previcure spray and drench once,
Bio‐Insecticide: Fanaria, Ortos once
harvest)
Input Diseases: Damping‐off and wilt , Powdery Mildew, Downey mildew and mosaic virus
Insects: Aphid, white fly, leaf miner and thrips Mite
Fungicide:
Bio‐Insecticide
Notes : I didn't resave the abdication form

3‐ Farmer: Mansour AL Sulaimi
Region: AL Batinah
Wilayat: Barka AL Filaij
Crop: Dwarf Beans

First Crop From 17/1/09‐28/2/09, varieties used Record F1 and Bronco F1, harvest period from
18/2/09 to 28/2/09 (4 harvest)
Input Diseases: very high infestation of root and crown rot, leaf spot and sooty mold
Insects: Aphid, white fly, leaf miner 20%, thrips, and Mite
Fungicide: Previcure drench and Coside 2000 spray two time.
Bio‐Insecticide

4‐Farm:Rashid Khalfan Al Subhi
Region: AL Batinah
Location:Barka Al Oqda
Crop: cucumber
First Crop From 5/5/09‐1/6/09, variety used Luna F1,
Experiment stops.
Diseases:
Insects:
Fungicide:
Input of the crop Bio‐Insecticide:
Second Crop Transplanted on 23/10/09‐on going
Input of the crop

5‐Farm: Badar Sulaim Al Kalbani
Region: AL Dhahirah
Wilayat: Ibri AL Nagid
Crop: Cucumber
First Crop From 5/5/09‐1/6/09, variety used Luna F1,
Experiment stops due to high temperature and increase of water salinity.
Diseases:
Insects:
Fungicide:
Input of the crop Bio‐Insecticide:
Second Crop Transplanted on 26/11/09‐on going
Input of the crop
General observations on diseases infection on cucumber crops grown
under NFT with IPPM practices and regular farm practices (control)

Fig. 1. Area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) Comparison of Wilt and Damping‐off diseases in cucumber
grown under IPPM in NFT and soil cultivations with regular farmers practices (Control)
2150
496.9
84.4
NFT IPPM Control

This figure shows that Damping‐off and wilt disease was found more in control (regular practices by the
farmers) than IPM and NFT. The difference between the control was significantly higher than NFT. We assume
cucumber crops grown under control condition were affected by salt accumulation in the soil that resulted
from fertilizers, which lead to weak growth of the crop and more vulnerability to the disease attack.

Fig. 2. Mean percentage of of Downey Mildew disease in cucumber grown under IPPM in NFT and soil
cultivations with regular farmers practices (Control)
44.2%
13.8% 16.3%
NFT IPPM Control

Figure 2 illustrates the mean percentage of downy mildew on the cucumber. The disease was higher 2.7 times
in control condition compared with IPM and 3.2 times higher than NFT. This may be due to high dew point
(Relative Humidity) at the early morning in the control condition. However, such condition (high humidity) was
not present in the NFT and IPM systems. High relative humidity increases the chance for initial inoculums of
the disease to develop and secondary infection.
Fig. 3. Mean percentage of of Powdery Mildew disease in cucumber grown under IPPM in NFT and soil
cultivations with regular farmers practices (Control)
5%
3.33%
NFT IPPM Control

Figure 3 illustrates the mean percentage of powdery mildew on the cucumber. In general, the mean of
powdery mildew was very low in all production systems.
Figure 4 illustrates the mean percentage of mosaic virus on the cucumber. In general, the mean of the disease
was very low in all production systems.
Fig. 4. Mean percentage of Mosaic Virus disease in cucumber grown under IPPM in NFT and soil cultivations
with regular farmers practices (Control)
6.30%
3.30%
0%
NFT IPPM Control


Qatar

National Coordinator: Eng. Abdullah J. B. Al‐Buainain
Head of Agriculture Research Section
Ministry of Environment
Technical Coordinator: Eng. Mohammed Al‐Mohannadi
Chief Agricultural Extension
Ministry of Environment
Research & Extension Team: Dr. Abdul Moneim Mohammed Ali Mokhtar
Eng. Abdel Aziz Ahmed
Eng. Fakhri Al‐Mousa
Eng. Jafar Ababneh
Eng. Khaled Habash
Dr. Nazeer Mohammed Issa


Research Activities in Qatar
Qatar Country Report for Season
200809

Summary
This report summarises the activities and achievements based on the major themes and activities listed in the
project proposal of the “Technology Coordination to Enhance Rural Livehoods and Natural Resource
Management in the Arabian Peninsula” project. During 2008‐2009 season of the work covered the following
research activities:
• Buffle grass seed multiplication
• Introduction and evaluation of spineless cactus in Qatar
• Establishment of Buffel Field as a Component of Integrated Production System to Demonstrate Good
Agricultural Practices (GAP)
• Soilless Cultivation and Protected Crops
• Benchmark and socio‐economic study of growers
Buffel Grass Seed Multiplication

Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) is native of the Arabian Peninsula (AP). The International Center for Agricultural
Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA‐APRP) in collaboration with NARSE has successfully developed the Buffel grass
(BG) technology package as promising cultivated forage for the local farmers. The Arabian Peninsula Regional
Program of the International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA‐APRP) and National
Agricultural Research and Extension Systems (NARSE) have identified Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) as
promising cultivated forage in the region. However, information on performance of different cultivars of Buffel
grass under the Arabian Peninsula conditions is limited. Therefore ICARDA‐APRP has imported pelleted seeds
of three improved Buffel grass varieties (Biloela l, Gayndah and USA) to test their performance in the region.
Salinity levels of irrigation water at Um Al‐Ghehab are relatively moderate i.e. 1000 ppm where as it is on
higher side at Roudat Al‐Faras (>3000 ppm). Drip irrigation system is already in place at Roudat Al‐Faras and
would need only adjustment in row spacing. At Um Al‐Ghehab, the arrangements were well in progress to
install drip irrigation in a field. Both sites offered good scope to cultivate and demonstrate Buffel seed
multiplication fields under two different salinity levels.
Objectives
To multiply seeds of Biloela, Gayndah and USA Buffel grass
Activities
• land preparation of 0.1 h in Rawdat Al Faras research farm
• Mr. Ahmed Rashed Al Kawwary’s farm.
Achievements
Buffel grass plots established under drip irrigation, and 3 kg of seeds for the two farms.
Introduction and Evaluation of Spineless Cactus in Qatar

In line with the collection of germplasm (exotic) for rangeland rehabilitation and as an alternative forage crop,
39 accessions of spineless cactus (Opuntia spp) have been introduced by APRP into Oman from Tunisia since
early February, 2005. The Sultanate of Oman is the strategic focal place with mother plants foundation stock of
spineless cactus from where its introduction is being extended to other AP countries.
The Qatari researchers at both Um Al‐Ghehab and Roudat Al‐Faras research farm agreed to cultivate all 39
accessions of spineless cactus being grown in Oman. Eventually, a field for cactus cultivation was selected at
Um Al‐Ghehab research station and a nursery site was selected at Roudat Al‐Faras research station. It was
decided to grow initially mother plants in nursery at Roudat Al‐Faras research station in medium sized plastic

nursery tubes as determined mutually and later on this germplasm would be multiplied under field conditions
at Um Al‐ Ghehab research station in a field already selected for this purpose.
Objectives: Establish a foundation stock of spineless cactus for its future propagation in Qatar
Activities
Preparation of the substrata and pots to be transferred to Rawdat Al Faras research farm for propagation and
distribution afterward. Meanwhile, correspondence with the General Directorate of The Ministry of
Agriculture in Syria to fix the proper time of delivering the Cactus shipment. On the same time, Cactus
imported from the Sultanate of Oman will be planted.
Achievements
The first phase of this experiment is the ppropagation of cactus, has been started at Rawdat Al Faras research
farm. Five pads of each of 39 accessions were cultivated under nursery condition. Cactus is growing well
except the accession number 32. A plot has been prepared to cultivate cactus under field conditions.
Establishment of Forage Grasses Fields as a Component of Integrated Production System to

Demonstrate Good Agricultural Practices (GAP)
SAIC used to have extensive fields of Rhodes grass under sprinkler irrigation system. Due to declining
underground water and ever increasing water salinity levels these fields have been abandoned and are being
uprooted. Mr. Abdullah Al Sulaiteen, Chairman, SIAC agreed to cultivate Buffel grass under drip irrigation
system initially as a demonstration field and would increase it gradually with experience.
Panicum as well as buffel grass have been introduced among growers under modern irrigation system.
Objectives
Establish Panicum and Buffel grass fields of improved cultivars as integrated production system and
demonstrate GAP for promoting irrigated forage grasses among growers in Qatar
Activities
• Buffel grass establishment
• Panicum grass establishment
Achievements
• Farm no. 291 of Mr. Abdullah Al Sulaiteen in Umm Slal (1 ha, and 6 kg seeds), land preparation for 1
ha and irrigation system is ready, sowing of buffel grass is in progress.
• At Al Emady farm land of 0.1 ha was prepared, and irrigation system is ready, sowing of buffel grass is
in progress.
• At Ahmed Al Kaowwary farm land preparation for 0.2 ha has been done and irrigation system is ready,
sowing of Panicum grass is in progress.
Soilless and Protected Agriculture

Hydroponics/soilless culture are possibly most intensive method of crop production in today’s agricultural
industry. In combination with green houses or protective covers, it is high technology and capital intensive. It is
also highly productive, conservative of water and land and protective for the environment.
Objectives
• To enhance the quantity and quality of the production.
• Minimize the consumed water
Activities
Cucumber experiment
Different mixture of substrata were used for the experiment on cucumber (4 different cultivars), the
2
experiment was conducted in GH with cooling system with total area of 1400 m , at Al Sulaiteen Agricultural &
Industrial Complex (SAIC).
The following requirements were provided for different experiments to the selected farms as:
• Sheikh Abdullah Khalid Hamad Al Thani, farm no., 953: 2000 bottles for strawberry plantation

• Mr. Yakoob Yusuf Mubarak Al Kawwary, farm no. 538: 500 bottles for cucumber plantation; pipes 3
inch; peat moss; perlite; pump, instrument and control panel.
• Mr. Abdullah Ahmad Abdullah Al Musnad, farm no.1317: 500 bottles for cucumber plantation

Achievements
• Production of cucumber was higher in quality and quantity.
• Evaporated water (condensed on the cooling pads) successfully reused during this experiment,
indicating good saving of the water.
Benchmark and socio-economic study of growers

Received questionnaires from ICARDA‐APRP and interviewed 30 forage growers and 33 protected agriculture
growers. The filled questionnaires are already given to ICARDA‐APRP further for compilation.
Experiment Sites and Technical Staff

Coordinators
Coordinators Position in Personal Information
Project
Eng. Abdulla Jassem Al Buainain. Head National Position: Head of Agricultural Research Section,
of Agricultural Research Section. Coordinator Ministry of Environment, Qatar
E‐mail: abuhsain@qatar.net.qa
Tel: 974 4492753
Muhammad Abdel Wahab Al Technical Position: Head of Agricultural Extension Section,
Muhannedi Coordinator Ministry of Environment, Qatar
E‐mail: mohd720@hotmail.com
Tel: 00974‐4492764 ,

Research Experts
Experts Position in Personal Information
Project
Dr. Abdul Moneim Mohammed Ali Expert of IPM Position: Expert of Entomology –IPM,
Mokhtar Agricultural Research Section,
E‐mail: ammoktar51@hotmail.com
Tel‐Office: 974 4492752,
Dr. Nazeer Mohammed Issa Expert of Position: Expert of Protected Agriculture,
Protected Agricultural Research Section,
Agriculture E‐mail: neasa15@yahoo.com
Tel‐Office: 974 4492751,

Buffel Grass Seed Multiplication
Research/activity site National Research/
Extension Team
Um‐Al Ghehab Research Station Eng. Jafar Ababneh, Email: jafar_ababneh@hotmail.com
Mobile: 00974‐5735225
Eng.Fakhri Al‐Mousa, Email: fakhrimosa@hotmail.com Mobile:
Plant Genetic Eng. 00974‐5903198
Roudat Al‐Faras Research Station Eng. Abdel Aziz Ahmed, Mobile: 00974‐5486113,
Farm Supervisor, office: 00974‐4728387


Introduction and Evaluation of Spineless Cactus in Qatar
Extension Team
Um‐Al Ghehab Research Station Eng. Jafar Ababneh, Email: jafar_ababneh@hotmail.com
Mobile: 00974‐5735225
Eng. Fakhri Al‐Mousa, Email: fakhrimosa@hotmail.com Mobile:
Roudat Al‐Faras Research Station Eng. Abdel Aziz Ahmed, Mobile: 00974‐5486113,
Farm Supervisor, office: 00974‐4728387
Establishment of Buffel Field as a Component of Integrated Production System to Demonstrate Good
Agricultural Practices (GAP)
Extension Team
Al Sulaiteen Agricultural & Eng. Tarek Awda,
Industrial Complex (SAIC) Production Manager,SAIC.
Eng. Jafar Ababneh, Email: jafar_ababneh@hotmail.com
Mobile: 00974‐5735225
Eng. Fakhri Al‐Mousa, Email: fakhrimosa@hotmail.com Mobile:

Soilless and Protected Crops
Extension Team
Al Sulaiteen Agricultural & Eng. Tarek Awda,
Industrial Complex (SAIC) Production Manager,SAIC.
Khaled Habash


Saudi Arabia

National Coordinator: Dr. Abdullah Ali Al Hindi
Director General, Agricultural Research Department
National Agricultural& Animal Resources Center in Riyadh
Ministry of Agriculture & Water
Technical Coordinator: Mr. Saud A .Aleyyd
Vice Director General and Assistant for Technical Affairs
National Agricultural and Aniamal Resources Research Center
Ministry of Agricultural
Dr. Abdullah Al‐Hajoj
In charge of Pasture in Al‐Jouf Center
Eng. Abdoul Aziz Al‐Zamil
Head of Protection Department
National Agricultural& Animal Resources Center in Riyadh

Research & Extension Team: Eng. A. Al Qareni
Eng. Abdel Rehman Al Ghamdi
Eng. Hamdan Al Hassan
Eng. Millhi Al Shrari
Dr. Saud Al Aid


Research Activities in Saudi Arabia
Using Local Cheap Materials for the Production of Two Varieties of
Tomato Crop under Hydroponics Open System in a Cooled
Greenhouse

A. Al‐Hindi, S. Al‐Eyyed, A. Al‐Qareni & W. Al‐Aish
National Agriculture and Animal Resources Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
An integrated production and protection management (IPPM) experiment was conducted in a cooled
greenhouse to evaluate the suitability of hydroponics open system using local materials and three different
media (Pure Hydroponics, Peat moss and Perlite) for the production of two different varieties (INX 1510 and
INX1512) of tomato crop.
The overall results show clearly that the Perlite medium gave the highest production in case of both tomato
varieties. The average production (kg/m2) of three replicates for the two different varieties was 35.12 for INX
1512 and 31.91 for INX 1510. The pure hydroponics medium gave the second best production (33.32 for INX
1512 and 31/15 for INX 1510). However, the Peat moss medium yielded the lowest production level (24.87 for
INX 1512 and 22.94 for INX 1510).
The greenhouse cultivation of vegetable production mainly tomato and cucumber crops was introduced to
local agriculture almost (30) years ago. The successful production was achieved by using an expensive
greenhouse infrastructure that developed mainly in a totally different environment. The aims of this
experiment were to :
1. Test and evaluate different media including pure hydroponic, peat moss and perlite for tomato crop
production.
2. Use local cheap material and design for the internal parts of the system to maximize the tomato
production and introduce the simple cheap technology to the local small farmers.
Materials and Methods

Two tomato varieties (INX 1510 and INX 1512) produced in Holland and imported to the Kingdom were used
for the production of tomato crop under hydroponics open system in a cooled greenhouse. Three different
soilless media including pure hydroponics, peat moss and perlite were used under cooled greenhouse.
The experimental design was a completely randomized and the number of replicates were three which makes
(18) as the total number of plots.
A total number of eighteen metal plots with the size of (2.0 x 0.78 x 0.2 m) were made and used for the
plantation of tomato seedlings at a rate of 10 seedlings in each plot. They were connected to the irrigation
hydroponics open system through in and out lets. Figure (1) shows the simple design of the system.
The seeds were planted in the nursery on January 03. 2009 and the seedlings were transported to the
greenhouse and transplanted in growing media on March 14, 2009.
The plants started producing flowering on March 22, 2009 and the harvesting of the fruits started on May 14,
2009 and continues for the next three months. The experiment was finally terminated on August 15, 2009.
The fertilization program was well calculated balanced and monitored throughout the study period. The total
amounts of highly soluble fertilizers that were used during the experiment are presented in Table (1).
Table (1) shows the total amounts of fertilizer material used throughout the study period
Fertilizer Rate Unit
Calcium Nitrate 72.500 Kg
Chelated Iron 4.345 Kg
Dipotassium Phosphate 14.465 Kg
Potassium Nitrate 32.065 Kg
Magnesium Sulfate 50.512 Kg
Manganese sulfate 335.500 Grams
Copper Sulfate 21.45 Grams
Boric Acid 93.50 Grams
Ammonium Molybdate 20.35 Grams
Zinc Sulfate 24.20 Grams

The total amount of irrigation water used throughout the experiment period was 55m3 meaning that every
single plant consumed about 305 liters until it was harvested. It should be indicated that no pesticides,
insecticides or herbicides were used throughout the study period.

Figure (1) shows the simple design of the system (Photo 1) shows the early stage of growth of
tomato in all media
Results and Discussions

Table (2) shows the mean production of three replicates in (kg/m2) for the three different media that were
used for the production of two different varieties of tomato crop produced under hydroponics open system in
a cooled greenhouse.
Table (2) shows the average production of tomato crop for three different medias.
Mean Production of Tomato
Peat moss Perlite Pure Hydroponics
Varieties Kg/plot Kg/m2 Kg/plot Kg/m2 Kg/plot Kg/m2
INX 1510 35.79 22.94 49.78 31.91 48.45 31.15
INX 1512 38.79 24.87 54.79 35.12 51.99 33.32
The figures shown in Table (2) indicate that the peat moss media gave the lowest production (kg/m2). It was
noticed at the beginning of the experiment that the growth of plants of this medium was weak and all the
plants looked unhealthy for the first two weeks.

(Photo 2) shows the weakness of the growth of tomato (Photo 3) shows the sink of the pure
plants grown in peat moss medium at the beginning of the hydroponics media
experiment.

Therefore, the pH of this medium was checked and found low since all readings were between 4.52 to 4.75.
Hence, it was decided that a well calculated amounts of CaCO3 have to be added to all the plots of peat moss
medium in order to raise the pH of the system. The growth of the plants improved in a week time and the
plants started to look healthy and the flowering as well as the fruiting were improving for the both varieties
grown in this medium.

( Photo 4 ) shows the healthy growth of tomato ( Photo 5 ) shows the healthy fruits of tomato
plants of all media plants in June, 2009
The plants of the perlite medium, on the other hand, were growing very well and showing no weaknesses
during the tillering, flowering and fruiting throughout the study period. The shape and size of the fruits of this
medium were very healthy and attractive. Table (2) also shows that the perlite medium gave the best
production for both varieties (31.91 and 35.12 kg/m2) for INX 1510 and INX 1512 respectively).
The pure hydroponics medium, however, was performing perfectly for the first two months of the flowering
and fruiting. The figures in Table (2) show that the production (kg/m2) of both varieties was a little less than
that of perlite medium. It should be indicated that the fruiting production of this medium was not ideal in all
replicates during the last three weeks of the experiment, which negatively affected the total production of this
medium.

(Photo 6) shows the good fruiting of tomato plants after two months of plantation
The pH of the replicates which shown weaknesses was measured and was less than normal. The readings were
between 5.50 and 5.90 where as those of healthy replicates were between 6.25 and 6.50. The overall results of
all media shows that INX 1512 variety was the best in terms of both quality and production.



(Photo 7) shows the growth weakness of the plants of the pure hydroponics medium (3) weeks before the end
of the experiment
Conclusion
The production of good quality cash crops is largely in demand in hyper‐markets in Saudi Arabia. This work
shows the importance of greenhouse cultivation for local agriculture.
The perlite medium used for tomato crop production under hydroponic open system in a cooled greenhouse
using cheap materials and locally designed technology is very promising.
This experiment will be statistically analyzed and disseminated to the small farmers in a large scale with all
needed improvements.
Acknowledgement
The authors are thankful to ICARDA–APRP project for financially supporting the study and also to the Regional
Co‐ordinator of the Programs Dr. A. Mustafa for his help during the execution of the experiment.

Promoting an integrated production system for some indigenous
forage species and some range shrubs with high water use efficiency

A. M. Al‐Hajoj (PhD)
Camel and Range Research Center, Ministry of agriculture
Abstract
Indigenous forage species: Cenchrus ciliaris , Lasiurus scindicus, Pennisetum divisum may be used as an
alternative forage plant with high water use efficiency. The growth of plant shoot (all measurements – length,
width and height) tripled in size in two moths time. Cenchrus ciliaris can be cut every 21 days during the
summer period (June to August), while Lasiurus scindicus and Pennisetum divisum can be cut every 28 days.
Dry mater (DM) of all species is between 40‐50%. During the three summer months the production of
developed Cenchrus ciliaris was higher than other grass species in all farms. The production difference
between the farms was attributed to the soil types as well as irrigation water quality used throughout the
study period.
Introduction:
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has the largest land area of the Arabian Peninsula. It covers an area of
about 2.25 million square kilometers, which occupies about four‐fifth of the Arabian Peninsula. Due to the
rapid economic development and a large human population increase, the population of domestic animals has
dramatically increased. Therefore, the demand for indigenous forage species has sharply increased.
Alfalfa, Sudan grass, Rhodes grass and blue panic are the main forages grown in Saudi Arabia which consume
large amounts of water. Cultivation of the indigenous species which consume less water is an alternative
forage crops.
Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) is one of the most important plants of high water use efficiency and animal
palatability. It is a native plant of the Arabian Peninsula (AP). It can be found in the north, east and middle
parts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as well as other countries of (AP). It has been developed and
recommended by the the Arabian Peninsula Regional Program of the International Center for Agricultural
Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA‐APRP) through phase I & II of the program. Buffel grass is identified as a
promising cultivated forage crop in (AP).
Lasiurus scindicus and Pennisetum divisum are two important grasses in (AP). They have been tested and
recommended together with Buffel grass by (ICARDA‐APRP). The palatability of these three plants to animals
are very high. Therefore, promoting an integrated production system for these indigenous forages is very
important to farmers.
In Al‐Jouf region located in the northern part of Saudi Arabia shrubs were the main range plants. Due to the
importance of range shrubs in water use efficiency and animal palatability. Three range shrubs Salsola villosa,
Atiplex leucoclada, Atiplex halimus were included to the experiment. The various grasses and shrubs were
studied as a complete diet for animals.
The goal of this experiment was to transfer plantation methodology of indigenous forage species to farmers
and enhance the importance of these species.
Materials and Methods

Local seeds of (Cenchrus ciliaris, Lasiurus scindicus, Pennisetum divisum) were collected from the range
multiplication station in Busaita at Camel and Range Research Center (CRRC). While the seeds of African
Cenchrus ciliaris were imported from Dubai, UAE. Seeds were planted in a greenhouse in February 2009
About 6000 seedlings of the following species were produced:
2000 seedlings of Cenchrus ciliaris, 2000 seedlings of Pennisetum divisum and 2000 seedlings of Lasiurus
scindicus.
Three farms were chosen and the experiments were carried out at the following locations :
• First one at the Camel and Range Research Center head quarters.
• The second one was done in a farm in Sakaka city.
• The third one was executed in a farm in at Domat Al‐Jandal city.
2
At each farm a land of 1125 m (45m x 25m) was chosen for the plantation of seedlings. Irrigation system was
established using a 50 m long pipe and two inches in diameter as the main line, 30 sublines (16 mm) in
diameter and 24 m long were connected to the main line. Farms at Sakaka and Domat Al‐Jandal were fenced
(55m x 35m) to protect plants from animals. Planting wholes were done at a depth of 20‐35 cm. Soil and
water samples were collected from each location and chemical analysis were done at (CRRC) laboratory.

Each experiment was divided into four parts as follow:
• An area of 126 m2 was planted by local Cenchrus ciliaris, 10 lines were planted, each line 25 m long
and the spaces were about 50 cm between lines and 50 cm between plants.
• An area of 126 m2 was planted by Developed Cenchrus ciliaris, 10 lines were planted, each line 25 m
long and the spaces were about 50 cm between lines and 50 cm between plants.
• An area of 63 m2 was planted by Lasiurus scindicus, 5 lines were planted, each line 25 m long and the
spaces were about 50 cm between lines and 50 cm between plants.
• An area of 63 m2 was planted by Pennisetum divisum, 5 lines were planted, each line 25 m long and
the spaces were about 50 cm between lines and 50 cm between plants.
In addition three shrub species were planted in an area of about 300m2 as follows:
• An area of 100 m2 was planted by Salsola villosa, 4 lines were planted, each line 25 m long and the
spaces were about 1 m between lines and 1 m between plants.
• An area of 100 m2 were planted by Atriplex leucoclada, 4 lines were planted, each line 25m long and
the spaces were about 1m between lines and 1m between plants.
• An area of 100 m2 were planted by Atriplex halimus, 4 lines were planted each line 25 m long about 1
m between lines and 1 m between plants
Grasses were irrigated by giving 324 liters of well water per plant per year which is about 12960 m3/ha/year.
While shrubs were irrigated by giving 324 liters of well water per plant per year which is about 3240
m3/ha/year. About 70% of the irrigation water was added in summer whereas 30% of it given in winter.
Table 1: Shows the amount of irrigation water used for grasses and shrubs
Months Weeks Irrigation Total Irrigation for Irrigation of
per plant per Irrigation per grasses per ha. shrubs irrigation
week plant (L) Per year (m3) per ha. per year
(m3)
th th 29 8 L 232 L 9280 2320
March 10 – Sep 30
23 4 L 92 L 3680 920
Oct 1st – March 9th
T o t a l 324 L 12960 3240

Germination rate was count by measuring length, width and height of the plants. The yield was harvested by
cutting plants just before the flowering. The weight of the total amount of each species were taken and the dry
matter was determined by drying plants using an oven at 100°C for 48 hours. Nutrient content of plants was
also determined. Plants after harvesting were fed to animals to cover about 50% of supplementary diet.
Experiment will be carried‐out for another year and left to farmers to continue the cultivation.

Seedling measurements (length, width and height) shows that most seedlings were mature enough to be
transplanted in allocated spots in chosen land. The growth of the plant shoot was tripled in size in two months
time as shown in table 3. Both grasses and shrubs grow very well at Sakaka farm while the growth of Cenchrus
ciliaris was only good at Domat Al Jandal and CRRC farms.
Table 2: Seedlings measurement at planting time
Species Length Width Height
Cenchrus ciliaris 15 13 13
Cenchrus ciliaris (Devl.) 15 10 6
Lasiurus scindicus 20 20 15
Pennisetum divisum 20 15 15
Salsola villosa 15 15 17
Atriplex leucoclada 20 20 15
Ariplex halimus 25 20 20
Table 3. Plants mean measurement after two months of plantation at Sakaka’s farm
Species Length Width Height
Cenchrus ciliaris 44 42 36
Cenchrus ciliaris (developed) 21 23 11
Pennisetum divisum 83 69 72
Salsola villosa 17 16 10
Atriplex leucoclada 59 57 24
Ariplex halimus 55 52 44

Soil and water analysis shown in tables 5 to 10 indicate that there was a variation between farms. The salt
content of the soils of Sakaka farm is slightly higher than those of other farms. Irrigation water was also salty at
Sakaka farm compared to that of Domat Aljandal and CRRC farms.
Table 4: Mean measurements of local Cenchrus ciliaris after two months of plantationat Domat Aljandal’s farm
Species Long (cm) Width (cm) Hight (cm)
Cenchrus ciliaris 24.6 22.7 10
Table 5: Soil analysis of 1st farm at CRRC
Depth cm pH ppm HCO3
TDS Na K Ca Mg CO3 Cl %
0‐15 7.95 1747.2 535 1.37 17.3 16.25 0.4 560 9.8
15‐30 7.86 3404.8 17.5 1.08 17.7 18.3 0.6 570 14
Table 6: Soil analysis of 2nd farm at Sakaka City
Depth cm ppm
pH TDS Na K Ca Mg CO3 Cl HCO3
%
0‐15 8.07 31232 239.1 13.5 65 79 1.5 560 14
15‐30 7.87 33083 434.8 12.2 112.5 102.5 2 570 17.5
Table 7: Soil analysis of 3rd farm at Domat Al‐jandal City
ppm
Depth cm pH TDS Na K Ca Mg CO3 Cl HCO3
%
0‐15 8.30 1753.6 8.3 2.2 17.5 15 0.4 9.5 4
15‐30 7.93 4364.8 25 0.6 42.4 30.5 0.5 48.5 9
Table 8: Water analysis of 1st farm at CRRC
ds/m ppm ppm
pH SAR Remarks
EC TDS Cl
7.43 0.767 490.88 0.51 0.51 Good water quality for most crops
Table 9: Water analysis of 2nd farm at Sakaka city
pH ds/m ppm ppm Remarks
EC TDS SAR Cl
7.73 2. 68 1715.2 7.8 14.5 Somehow suitable for salt tolerant plants.
Table 10: Water analysis of 3rd farm at Domat Al‐Jandal city
ds/m ppm ppm Remarks
pH SAR
EC TDS Cl
1.6 0.9 240 0.375 7.4 Good water quality for all crops

Plants were harvested after 75 days of planting (about 20% flowering). Most species show that the dry matter
(DM) is less than 50% as shown in Table 11.
The harvesting of plants at Sakaka farm was done when the weight of (DM) reaches 35, 137 g per plant for
grasses and shrubs respectively. Most grass species can be cut every 21 days while shrubs need more than 30
days to be ready for cut. Due to the plant spacing, Developed Cenchrus ciliaris gave higher production (859 gm
DM per plant), but the total production per hectare was less than the local Cenchrus ciliaris. Plant density of
developed Cenchrus ciliaris at Sakaka farm was 4 plants per m2 while it was 9 plants per m2 in the other two
farms.
Table 11: Mean (DM) percentage of plant species
Green weight (g) Dry weight
Species (g) DM %
Cenchrus ciliaris (develop.) 100 37.33 39.28
100 41.24
Cenchrus ciliaris (local) 100 36.55 39.22
100 41.89
Pennisetum divisum 100 44.5 39.6
100 34.7
Lasiurus scindicus 100 47.65 47.65

Salsola villosa 100 49.07 49.07

Atriplex leucoclada 100 47.5 47.5
Ariplex halimus 100 41.47 41.47
Table 12: Total production of three months (June‐Sept) at Sakaka farm
Species Production Plants Green production DM per DM per
(kg) per plant (kg) plant (kg) hectare (kg)
Cenchrus ciliaris (Developed) 98.4 45 2.18667 0.859 3067
Cenchrus ciliaris (Local) 118.2 274 0.43139 0.169 3675
Lasiurus scindicus 30.5 33 0.92424 0.434 2273
Pennisetum divisum 2.1 236 0.0894 0.035 1311
Salsola villosa 27.95 72 0.38819 0.190 1368
Atriplex leucoclada 84.850 95 0.89316 0.424 4028
Ariplex halimus 49.850 97 0.51392 0.213 2066
At Sakaka farm Cenchrus ciliaris gave the highest production compared to Lasiurus scindicus and Pennisetum

divisum. Range shrubs gave higher production than grasses specially Atriplex leucoclada which gave 4024 kg
DM per hectare after three months of plantations. Ariplex halimus was second with 2066 kg DM per hectare
while Salsola villosa gave only 1368 kg DM per plant
At CRRC farm local Cenchrus ciliaris gave higher production (2073 kg per hectare) compared to developed
Cenchrus ciliaris (1713 kg DM per hectare). Pennisetum divisum gave only 1464 kg DM per hectare. Lasiurus
scindicus species gave 497 kg DM per hectare due to the low number of plants survival. The growth of range
shrubs was very week and could not be harvested.
All plants were fed to animal and the palatability was very high. Sheep and goats fed all plants but they
preferred Cenchrus ciliaris and range shrubs (Lasiurus scindicus and Pennisetum divisum). Camel preferred
Sasola villosa while the preference of Cenchrus ciliaris to other shrubs and grasses was not exist.
Table 13: Total production of three months (June‐Sept) at CRRC
Cenchrus ciliaris (Local) 66.9 390 0.172 0.067 2073.8
At Domat Aljandal farm local Cenchrus ciliaris also gave the highest production (1522 kg per hectare) followed
by the developed Cenchrus ciliaris (1152 kg per hectare). LLasiurus scindicus gave 1381 kg of DM. Pennisetum
divisum gave 337 kg DM per plant due to the low number of plants survival. Both Pennisetum divisum and
Lasiurus scindicus did not grow well and the production was very low due to the limited survival of plants. The
growth of range shrubs was very week and they could not be harvested.
Table 14: Total production of three months (June‐Sept) at Domat Al Jandal
Cenchrus ciliaris (Local) 48.75 295 0.16525 0.065 1522
Conclusion:
The results of all experiments indicate clearly that Cenchrus ciliaris gave the highest production compared to
other grass species in all farms. It is also preferable to animals and can be a very good alternative species to
other forages which consume large amounts of irrigation water. Range shrubs can complete the animal diet
due to the high production and high palatability to animals. More studies on plant spacing is recommended.
Acknowledgement:
It is my pleasure to thank ICARDA – APRP project for its contribution in promoting an integrated production
system of these indigenous forages. Special thanks goes to Dr. Ahmad Mustafa for his help since the beginning
of this project. Thanks are also given to Dr. Abdul wahid Jasra for his contribution throughout the experimental
period.

Yemen

National Coordinator: Dr. Ismail Muharram
Director General
Agricultural Research Authority (ARA)
Technical Coordinator: Dr. Khader Atroosh
Head of Southern Coastal Research Station – Elkod, Abyan,
Research & Extension Authority

Research & Extension Team:
Dr. A.Wahed Mukred , Dr. Khalil Al‐Shargabi
Eng. A. A. ldoubaee. Eng. Khaled Algabree.
Eng. Abdul Elah Morshed Eng. Khaled alkirshi,
Eng. Abdul Malek Muharram Eng. Kheery Al Abyth
Eng. Abdullah Mughram Eng. Mohammed Altdubhanee
Eng. Ahmed Alasbahi Dr Mohamed Al‐Sadi
Eng. Ahmed Bataher Eng. Saleh Almoulad.
Eng. Amin Al Kirshi Dr. Shafal Ali Mohsen
Eng. Amin Alkirshi. Eng. Sylan
Eng. Fuad Al Dhbab , Eng. Wageeh Almtuakel,
Dr. Fisal Al Shmiry Eng. Zahra Ahmed Essa
Eng. Fuad aldhabab Eng.Said
Eng. Gumhuria Mughram,

‫‪Research Activities in Yemen ‬‬
‫‪Development of Integrated Production System for Spineless Cactus as ‬‬
‫‪Forage‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪A. Habib Mahyoub and A. Al Vali Al Khlidi ‬‬
‫‪Southern Highland Research Station, Taez ‬‬
‫‪ ‬تطوير اإلنتاج المتكامل للتين عديم األشواك كمحصول علفي‬

‫عبد الحبيب مھيوب‪ ‬و عبد الولي الخليدي‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬محطة بحوث المرتفعات الجنوبية ‐‪ ‬تعز‬
‫االسم اإلنجليزي ‪ prickly pear ‐:‬‬
‫العائلة ‪ ‐:‬الشوكية ‪ caactaceae‬‬
‫االسم المحلي ‪ ‐:‬التين – البلس – البرشوم‪ – ‬صبار ‪ ‬‬
‫المراعي الطبيعية اسم تنطوي تحته كل ما يتعلق بالموارد الطبيعية على أراض ي المراع ي )‪ ‬نب ات أو حي وان أو كائن ات أخ رى (‪ ‬ولق د‬
‫منَ ﷲ تعالى علينا بنعم المراعي وذكر ذلك في كتابة الكريم حيث جاء ذكر نعم المراع ي ف ي س ورة النازع ات ‪ ,‬ق ال تع الى )‪ ‬واألرض‬
‫بعد ذلك دحاھا اخرج منھا مائھا ومرعاھا والجبال أرساھا متاعا لكم و النعامكم (‪ ‬النازعات ‪ 31 ‐29‬‬
‫وقال تعالى)سبح اسم ربك األعلى الذي خلق فسوى والذي قدر فھدى وال ذي اخ رج المرع ى فجعل ة غث اء اح وى (‪ ‬س ورة األعل ى ‪ 5 ‐1‬‬
‫‪.‬ورغم التدھور الشديد الذي وصلت إلية حالة المراعي الطبيعية فإنھا مازالت تعتبر من أھم الثروات الطبيعية المتجددة حي ث مازال ت‬
‫تسھم في توفير معظم االحتياجات العلفيه للثروة الحيوانية و تعتبر األعالف الناتجة من المراعي الطبيعية من ارخص األع الف عل ى‬
‫اإلط الق م ن الناحي ة االقتص ادية وتلع ب دورا ھام ا ف ي الحف اظ عل ى الت وازن البيئ ي وذل ك ع ن طري ق ال دور الفع ال ال ذي تلعب ه ف ي‬
‫المحافظة على التربة والحد من االنجراف والتعرية الريحية وصيانة المس اقط المائي ة ‪ ........‬ال خ ‪ ,‬فت دھور الغط اء النب اتي ألي س بب‬
‫من األسباب سيؤدي إلى زيادة كمية المياه الضائعة بفع ل التبخ ر والس يول الس طحية كم ا ي ؤدي إل ى انخف اض كمي ة مي اه األمط ار الت ي‬
‫تتسرب إلى األرض والتربة والتي تذھب لتغذية المياه الجوفية ومن الممارسات البشرية التي تسبب تدھور‪ ‬المراعي ‪ ‐:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬اتباع نمط الرعي المستمر والجائر للمراعي ‪ ‬‬
‫‪ .2‬احتطاب األشجار والشجيرات الرعوية ‪ ‬‬
‫‪ .3‬حرق األعشاب والحشائش ‪ ‬‬
‫‪ .4‬شق الطرقات ‪ ‬‬
‫ولتخفيف الضغط على أراضى المراعي الطبيعية وتطوير الث روة الحيواني ة مث ل الت ين ع ديم األش واك حي ث تم ت زي ارات اس تطالعية‬
‫لعدد كثير من مديريات تعز لمعرفة نمو و انتشار ھذا المحصول و أظھرت نتائج ھذه الزيارات بأنه ينتشر في كال م ن ق دس وش رعب‬
‫و المخالف وصبر وجبل حبشي وعصيفرة ‪...........‬الخ ‪ .‬‬
‫في المناطق التي ينتشر فيھا ھذا المحصول لم يعرف المزارعون على انه محصول علفي يربى ويعطى للحيوان ات ولكن ه ينم و كنب ات‬
‫بري بدون تدخل اإلنسان بجوانب المساكن والطرقات وبعض المنحدرات إال فيم ا ن در ي زرع م ن قب ل اإلنس ان كس ياج ح ول المس اكن‬
‫والحقول الزراعية‪ .‬التين ھو نبات عصاري شجيري يصل ارتفاعه حوالي خمسة أمت ار )‪ 5‬م (‪ ‬وموطن ة األص لي ص حاري‪ ,‬كالبرازي ل‬
‫وكاليفورنيا وشيلي والمكس يك وج زر الھن د الغربي ة وتتمي ز ھ ذه النبات ات بأنھ ا عديم ة الس اق وع ادة ب دون أوراق والس اق متح ور إل ى‬
‫أشكال سميكة لحمية عصارية قد تكون شكل كروي أو أسطواني أو عمودي‪ .‬األزھار عصارية كبيرة الحجم زاھية اللون تزھر بالتت ابع‬
‫على مدار السنة بعضھا يؤكل ثم اره أو كمحص ول علف ي وال بعض ي زرع كاس يجة ف ي األم اكن الص حراوية الجاف ة المن اخ وتعتب ر‪ ‬م ن‬
‫النباتات المحتوية على ألياف ممتازة بجانب كونھا نباتات للزينة وعدد كبير يستخرج من ثماره مواد كيميائية تدخل في ص ناعة ال دواء‬
‫واألزھار في صناعة العطور حيث يحتوى ھذا النبات على سكريات وفيتامين سي وصبغات وأحم اض فتفي د ف ي ع الج م رض الس كر‬
‫ومدرة للبول ومسكنة وملينة كما تستخدم األفرع كأعالف للماشية ‪ ‬‬
‫لماذا نوصي بزراعة التين كعلف ؟‬

‫أثبتت التجارب إن ھذا المحصول العلفي يمتاز بصفات اإلنتاجية التالية ‪-:‬‬
‫إنتاجية وقيمة غذائية ودرجة استساغة جيدة لدى الحيوانات ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫تكاثره سھل وسريع حيث يتكاثر بسھولة بواسطة السيقان الورقية‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫يعيد زراعة نفسة وذلك بواسطة الجذور الذي يكونھا على السيقان الورقية عند مالمسته للتربة‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫مقاوم للجفاف بسبب اختزانه للماء وسماكة البشرة مما يقلل من عملية النتح‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫كما انه يتمتع بمقاومة الضغوط البيئية المختلفة كالحرارة والبرودة والجفاف‬ ‫‪.5‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫من خالل الزيارات االستطالعية تم اختيار موقعين لزراعة تجرب ة الت ين ع ديم األش واك ھم ا منطق ة )ج احر ب االخلود( والثاني ة منطق ة‬
‫جبل حبشي وبعد ذلك تم قطع رفوف من شجيرات التين الواقعة في المزرعة البحثية بعصيفرة بغرض اإلكثار منھا وزراعة الم وقعين‬
‫المختارين وتم اختيار مساحة لموقع االخلود قدرھا ‪ 25‬م‪ 5×5) 2‬م( وتم عم ل خمس ة خط وط ب ين الخ ط و األخ ر مت ر ونص ف)‪1.5‬م(‬
‫وبين الغرسة و األخرى نصف متر)‪0.5‬م(‪ .‬‬
‫تمت الزراعة في الحفر وردمھا في التراب وريھا مباشرة وعمل سياح حولھا بفروع السدر لحمايتھا من رعي الحيوانات عليھا‪ .‬‬
‫كما تمت الزراعة في موق ع جب ل حبش ي ف ي مس احة ق درھا ‪12‬م‪ 4×3 ) 2‬م ( وع دد الخط وط المزرع ة ‪ 3‬خط وط والمس افة ب ين الخ ط‬
‫واألخر )‪1 ‬متر‪ ( ‬وب ين الغرس ة واألخ رى)‪ 0.5 ‬مت ر‪ ( ‬بس بب ص غر المس احة حس ب اختي ار الم زارع لھ ا وعم ل الس ياج ببقاي ا ف روع‬
‫السدر ولكن بعد شھر ونصف من الزراعة رعيت من قبل اإلبل والتي يمتلكھا رعاة متنقلين ‪ ،‬و ھذه المش كلة ت م تالفيھ ا وذل ك بزراع ة‬
‫موقع أخر بجانبه يمتلكه مزارع أخر‪ .‬‬
‫صور توضح موقع زراعة التين األملس )‪ (Spineless Cactus‬في الموقع األول )‪ ‬االخلود – تعز (‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫صور توضح موقع زراعة التين األملس )‪ (Spineless Cactus‬في الموقع الثاني )‪ ‬جبل حبشي– تعز (‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫مقارنة أنواع من التين األملس في حقول المزارعين‬

‫عبد ﷲ قاسم مغرم‪ ‬أحمد حسن سالم‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬محطة أبحاث الكود ‐‪ ‬أبين‬
‫في إطار مشروع الجزيرة والخليج كان من المقرر تنفيذ ھذا النشاط في مراعي انتقالية )‪ ‬مسيج امبحارة (‪ ‬ونتيجة لعدم ھط ول اإلمط ار‬
‫وجف اف الموق ع وبع د نب ع المي اه ال ذي من ه يمك ن ري نبات ات الت ين األمل س ف ي بداي ة تنفي ذ النش اط‪ ،‬فق د نف ذ النش اط ف ي مزرع ة أح د‬
‫المزارعين في دلتا أبين ھو المزارع فؤاد علي سالم الشدادي الذي أبدى استعداده في زراعة التين األملس في مزرعته ورح ب ب الفكرة‬
‫وأثنى عليھ ا‪ .‬ولتنفي ذ النش اط ت م تحدي د مس احة م ن األرض تق در ب ـ ح والي نص ف ف دان وت م تركي ب ش بكة ري ب التنقيط ل ري النبات ات‬
‫بتصريف ‪ 6 – 4‬لتر ‪ /‬ساعة‪ .‬ولمدة ساعة في اليوم وبمعدل ثالثة أيام في األسبوع‪ .‬‬
‫زرعت نباتات التين األملس في ‪ 2009 / 6 / 4‬م من خمسة أصناف ھي ‪ ,Ar7 ) :‬محلي من الك ود ‪ 13233 ,Ar6 ,‬ومحل ي م ن ذم ار‬
‫(‪ ‬أختيرت من المدخر الوراثي للت ين األمل س ف ي محط ة األبح اث الزراعي ة –‪ ‬الك ود‪ .‬ووزع ت األن واع ف ي ارض التجرب ة ف ي تص ميم‬
‫القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة في أربعة مكررات مساحة كل مكرر )‪ 45 ‬م ×‪ 9 ‬م (‪ ،‬وكانت مسافة الزراعة بين النباتات ‪ 3‬متر‪ .‬‬
‫ونظراً ألن التجربة ال زالت في بدايتھا فقد تعذر إعداد تقرير فني متكامل عنھا‪ ،‬لذلك أعد ھذا التقرير الموجز للتعبير عن ما ت م انج ازه‬
‫حتى اآلن‪ .‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪Adoption of Integrated Production and Protection Management ‬‬
‫‪(IPPM) under Protected Agriculture System in Southern Uplands of ‬‬
‫‪Yemen ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪K. Al Kirshi and G.Al Faqeeh ‬‬
‫‪Southern Uplands Research Station – Taiz / Yemen ‬‬
‫‪Abstract:‬‬
‫‪Due to insect and disease infestation on crops grown under greenhouses, the Integrated Production and ‬‬
‫‪Protection Management (IPPM) activity was conducted on Cucumber crop grown under greenhouse belongs ‬‬
‫‪to the growers at Al_khiamy area/ Taiz governorate. This is one of the activities listed in approved work plan ‬‬
‫‪for 2008/2009 season, developed by the Arabian Peninsula Regional Program (APRP). And implemented by ‬‬
‫‪cultivating one of the green house of 270 m2, with cucumber's cultivar called Queen, in March 10th ,2009 with ‬‬
‫‪four experimental rows of 60 cm width and 29 m long. All the recommended agronomical practices such as ‬‬
‫‪fertigation, pruning, and pest controlling were followed in order to raise a successful crop under green houses ‬‬
‫‪conditions. Fruits picking started from 25/4/2009 up to 19/6/2009., and 17 fruit banshees were taken. With ‬‬
‫‪yield of 2 tonnes per green house and 7.4 kg / m2 i.e 75.4 ton per hectare. Water consumption during growing ‬‬
‫‪season was 71m3 . infestation by Nematodes noticed after 90 days of planting. ‬‬
‫‪Results had revealed that application of Integrated Production and Protection Management (IPPM) on ‬‬
‫‪cucumber crop give the best results in controlling and limitation of diseases such as Downy mildew, root knot ‬‬
‫‪and insects like white fly , spiders, leaf miners. Spread of nematodes infection on cucumber crop grown under ‬‬
‫‪green house was limited by implementing of Integrated Production and Protection Management (IPPM ) until ‬‬
‫‪90 days after planting. ‬‬
‫الملخص‬
‫نظرا لألضرار الناتجة عن اإلصابات الحشرية والمرضية علي المحاص يل المنزرع ة ف ي البي وت المحمي ة فق د ت م تنفي ذ نش اط اإلدارة‬
‫المتكاملة علي محصول الخيار في البيوت المحمية في منطقة الخيامي في إطار محافظة تعز وذلك ضمن برنامج مشروع الجزيرة )‪ ‬‬
‫‪(APRP ‬والذي يتم تنفيذه عبر الھيئة العامة للبحوث الزراعية حيث تم زراعة احد البيوت المحمية في المنطقة بمحصول الخيار صنف‬
‫)كوين(‪ ‬بتاريخ ‪2009\3\10‬م وتبلغ مساحة البيت المحمي ‪ 270‬متر مربع وتم إقام ة ‪ 4‬مس اطب لزراع ة المحص ول بع رض ‪ 60‬س م‬
‫وبطول ‪29‬متر وتم تطبيق جميع العمليات الزراعية من ري وتسميد وتقليم ومكافحة وغيرھا في المواعيد والكمي ات المناس بة و ت م‬
‫تطبيق اإلدارة المتكاملة علي ا لمحصول وذلك للحد من اإلصابات المنتش رة وب دأت عملي ة الجن ي بت اريخ ‪2009\4\25‬م واس تمرت‬
‫حتى ‪2009\6\19‬م وبمعدل ‪17‬جنية ولقد بلغت اإلنتاجية الكلية من المحصول ‪2‬طن وإنتاجية المت ر المرب ع ‪7.4‬كج م وبلغ ت إنتاجي ة‬
‫الھكتار من المحصول ‪75.4‬طن وبعد ‪ 90‬ي وم م ن الزراع ة ب دأت اإلص ابة بالنيم اتودا تنتش ر عل ي المحص ول‪ .‬كم ا بلغ ت كمي ة المي اه‬
‫المستھلكة خالل ا لفترة من الزراعة وحتى نھاية الجني حوالي ‪ 71‬متر مكعب‪ .‬‬
‫ولقد أش ارت النت ائج ب ان تطبي ق اإلدارة المتكامل ة عل ي محص ول الخي ار ق د حق ق نت ائج جي دة ف ي الح د م ن اإلص ابات المنتش رة عل ي‬
‫المحصول والمتمثلة بمرض البياض الزغبي وعف ن الج ذور والذباب ة البيض اء والعناك ب وص انعة األنف اق وم وت أألزھ ار كم ا حق ق‬
‫تطبيق اإلدارة المتكاملة في الحد من انتشار النيماتودا علي المحصول خالل فترة ‪ 90‬يوم ويمكن التغلب علي النيم اتودا بش كل أفض ل‬
‫وذلك بإضافة معامالت أخرى أكثر فعالية‪ .‬‬
‫تعمل الزراعة المحمية في إحداث تغيير حقيقي في البنية الزراعية من خالل تنويع القاعدة ‪ ‬اإلنتاجية بزي ادة اإلنت اج الزراع ي المحل ي‪،‬‬
‫مع التركيز على االستغالل األمث ل للم وارد ‪ ‬الطبيعي ة والمحافظ ة عليھ ا كونھ ا تحق ق إنتاجي ة عالي ة م ن مس احة مح دودة م ن األراض ي‬
‫وباستھالك كمية قليلة من المياه وبرزت في‪ ‬السنوات األخيرة أھمية االعتماد عل ى الزراع ة المحمي ة الت ي تس تخدم بھ ا أح دث التقني ات‪ ‬‬
‫الزراعي ة مث ل ال ري ب التنقيط واس تخدام أفض ل أص ناف الب ذور المحس نة والمھجن ة ‪ ‬وغيرھ ا وت وفر الزراع ة المحمي ة ف رص إلنت اج‬
‫محاصيل الخض راوات ذات العائ د االقتص ادي كونھ ا ت وفر الظ روف المناس بة لإلنت اج ف ي غي ر موس مھا إض افة إل ى غ زارة اإلنت اج‪،‬‬
‫وبالتالي الزيادة الكبيرة في العائد واألرباح نظراً لالستفادة من تسويق اإلنتاج في الوقت المناسب‪ .‬وخالل السنوات الماض ية ‪‐2005‬‬
‫‪2006‬م تم إنشاء ‪ 35‬بيت محمية في مناطق مختلفة من محافظة تعز لدي المزارعين بغرض تحسين دخلھم والتوسع مس تقبال ف ي تبن ي‬
‫تلك التقنية‪ ‬ولقد انتشر في تلك البي وت المحمي ة العدي د م ن اإلص ابات الحش رية والمرض ية األم ر ال ذي أدي إل ي تطبي ق نظ ام المكافح ة‬
‫المتكاملة للحد من تلك اإلصابات المنتشرة وذلك لتالفي األضرار االقتصادية الذي تحدثھا تلك اإلصابات‪ .‬‬
‫المواد و طرق البحث‬

‫نفذت التجربة في اح د البي وت المحمي ة ف ي منطق ة الخي امي بمحافظ ة تع ز وت م زراع ة البي ت المحمي ة بمحص ول الخي ار ص نف ك وين‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫بتاريخ ‪2009\3\10‬م و تبلغ مساحة البيت المحمية المنزرعة‪ 270‬متر مربع وتم إقامة ‪ 4‬مساطب لزراعة المحصول بع رض ‪ 60‬س م‬
‫وبطول ‪29‬متر وتم تغطية المساطب بشرائح من البالستك األسود )الملش (‪ ‬وتم عمل فتحات في الملش لزراعة البذور عل ي مس افة ‪ 50‬‬
‫سم بين الفتحة و األخرى تم تزويد النباتات بالري و األسمدة المركبة مع مياه الري بالكميات التي تتناس ب م ع المراح ل المختلف ة لنم و‬
‫المحصول و كما ھو موضح في الجدول التالي ‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫جدول الري والتسميد بحسب مراحل النمو المختلفة للمحصول لبيت ‪ – IPPM‬تعز مارس ‪ 2009/‬‬
‫فت رة ال ري ن وع الس ماد كمي ة الس ماد موعد التسميد‪ ‬‬ ‫موعد الري‪ ‬‬ ‫المرحلة‪ ‬‬
‫جرام ‪ /‬لتر‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ N‐P‐K‬‬ ‫بالزمن‪ ‬‬
‫‐‪ ‬‬ ‫‐‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 15‬دقيقة‪ ‐ ‬‬ ‫يوميا‪ ‬‬ ‫من بعد الزراعة حتى ‪ 7‬أيام‪ ‬‬
‫‐‪ ‬‬ ‫‐‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 45‬دقيقة‪ ‐ ‬‬ ‫من بعد ‪ 7‬أي ام وحت ى ‪ 16‬يوم ا م ن كل يومين رية‪ ‬‬
‫الزراعة‪ ‬‬
‫ك ل ي ومين م ع مي اه‬ ‫½‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪ 15‐40‐15‬‬ ‫ساعة‪ ‬‬ ‫من بعد ‪ 16‬يوما وحتى ‪ 41‬يوم من كل يومين‪ ‬‬
‫الري‪ ‬‬ ‫الزراعة‪ ‬‬
‫ك ل ي ومين م ع مي اه‬ ‫½‪ 1‬‬ ‫اعة ‪ 20‐20‐20‬‬ ‫س‬ ‫كل يومين‪ ‬‬ ‫من بعد ‪ 41‬يوم وحتى ‪ 75‬يوما‪ ‬‬
‫الري*‪ ‬‬ ‫ونصف‪ ‬‬
‫ك ل ي ومين م ع مي اه‬ ‫½‪ 1‬‬ ‫س اعتين ‪ 15‐15‐40‬‬ ‫كل يومين‪ ‬‬ ‫من بعد ‪ 75‬يوم وحتى ‪ 100‬يوم‪ ‬‬
‫الري‪ ‬‬ ‫ونصف‪ ‬‬
‫*‪ ‬معدل تصريف شبكة الري ‪ 2‬لتر في الساعة ‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫وتم رش النبات ات بالس ماد ال ورقي )‪ ‬رزوم ين بع د ‪ 45‬ي وم (‪ ‬م ن الزراع ة بمع دل ‪2‬م ل لك ل لت ر م ن الم اء كم ا ت م إض افة ‪ 2‬لت ر م ن‬
‫النيمافال كطارد للنيماتودا ومنشط حيوي للنباتات وتم إضافته علي دفعتين األول ي بع د ‪25‬ي وم م ن الزراع ة والث اني بع د ‪ 40‬ي وم‬
‫من الزراعة وتم إجراء عملية التقليم السفلي للنباتات علي ارتفاع ‪ 50‬سم ‪ ‬‬
‫من سطح األرض وذلك لتسھيل مرور الھواء بين النباتات كما تم إجراء عملية التقليم العلوي لألف رع الجانبي ة وت م تخص يص الفتح ات‬
‫األمامية والخلفية باإلضافة إلي عدد من الفتحات الجانبية لتھوية النباتات داخل البيت المحمي مع تغطي ة جمي ع فتح ات التھوي ة بالش بك‬
‫المانع لدخول الحشرات وتم عمل برنامج للتھوية حس ب مراح ل نم و النبات ات والظ روف الجوي ة المحيط ة وت م إض افة مبي د الفاكومي ل‬
‫بمعدل ‪1‬جرام لكل لتر ماء و إضافة ‪100‬مل من المخلوط لكل نبات بعد ‪15‬يوم من الزراعة وذلك للوقاية من أمراض الذبول كما ت م ا‬
‫لمكافحة الميكانيكية للبؤر الساخنة لإلصابات الحشرية المنتشرة وأثن اء انتش ار الج و الملب د ب الغيوم ت م رش النبات ات بم اد ايكوش ن ب رو‬
‫بمعدل ‪1‬جرام لكل لتر ماء وذل ك لوقاي ة النبات ات م ن اإلص ابة بالبي اض الزغب ي وب دأت عملي ة الجن ي بت اريخ ‪2009\4\25‬م واس تمر‬
‫حتى ‪2009\6\19‬م وبإجمالي‪17 ‬جنية خالل الموسم‪ .‬‬
‫جدول)‪ (1‬اإلنتاجية الكلية للمحصول الخيار المنزرع في البيت المحمي ‪ ‬‬
‫اإلنتاجية طن للھكتار‪ ‬‬ ‫اإلنتاجية كجم‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬ ‫إنتاجية المتر المربع‪ ‬‬ ‫إجمالي اإلنتاج‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 75.4‬‬ ‫‪ 7.4‬‬ ‫‪ 2035‬‬
‫تشير النتائج في الجدول )‪ (1‬إل ي أن إنتاجي ة البي ت المحم ي م ن محص ول الخي ار وص لت إل ي ‪ 2‬ط ن أي أن المت ر المرب ع م ن مس احة‬
‫البيت أعطي ‪ 7.4‬كجم كما وصلت اإلنتاجية للھكتار إلي ‪ 75.4‬طن‪ .‬‬
‫جدول )‪ (2‬يوضح اثر تطبيق المكافحة المتكاملة علي اإلصابات المنتشرة علي محصول الخيار المنزرع داخل البيوت المحمية ‪ ‬‬
‫العمليات التي تم تطبيقھا للحد من اإلصابة‪ ‬‬ ‫درجة اإلصابة‪ ‬‬ ‫اإلصابات المنتشرة‪ ‬‬
‫استخدام مبيد الفاكوميل مع تنظيم الري‪ ‬‬ ‫منعدمة‪ ‬‬ ‫عفن لجذور‪ ‬‬
‫التھوية الجيدة واستخدام مبيد ايكشن برو‪ ‬‬ ‫منخفضة‪ ‬‬ ‫البياض الزغبي‪ ‬‬
‫التغطي ة الجي دة لفتح ات التھوي ة بالش بك لمن ع دخ ول الحش رات‬ ‫ص انعة االنف اق والعناك ب والذباب ة منخفضة جدا‪ ‬‬
‫‪+‬المكافحة الميكانيكية للبؤر الساخنة‪ ‬‬ ‫البيضاء‪ ‬‬
‫ب دات بدرج ة عالي ة بع د استخدام النيمافال ‪+‬العناية باستخدام األسمدة المركبة والصغرى‪ ‬‬ ‫النيماتودا‪ ‬‬
‫‪90‬يوم من الزراعة‪ ‬‬
‫زراعة صنف مقاوم للحرارة )كوين(‪ ‬‬ ‫م وت وتس اقط األزھ ار نتيج ة منخفضة‪ ‬‬
‫الرتفاع الحرارة‪ ‬‬
‫تشير النتائج في الجدول )‪ (2‬بأن عملية المكافحة المتكاملة الت ي ت م تطبيقھ ا والمش ار إليھ ا ف ي الج دول أعط ت نت ائج ايجابي ة للح د م ن‬
‫اإلصابات المنتشرة علي محصول الخيار المنزرع في البيت المحمية وخاص ة تج اه اإلص ابة بم رض البي اض الزغب ي وعف ن الج ذور‬
‫وبعض الحشرات مثل العناكب وصانعة األنفاق و الذبابة البيضاء كما ساعدت بعض العملي ات عل ي من ع انتش ار النيم اتودا خ الل فت رة‬
‫‪ 90‬يوم من نمؤ المحصول األمر الذي ساعد المحصول علي إعطاء إنتاجية وصلت إلي ‪2‬طن للبيت كما ساعد تطبي ق عملي ة المكافح ة‬
‫المتكاملة علي عدم استخدام المبيدات الكيماوية و إنتاج محصول نضيف خالي من المبيدات الكيماوية ‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫صور توضح خلو النباتات من اإلصابات المرضية الشائعة ‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫صور توضح عملية التھوية األمامية والجانبية ‪ ‬‬
‫جدول رقم )‪ (3‬يوضح اإلنتاجية علي مستوي كل جنية بالكيلوجرام وتاريخ الجني‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬تاريخ الجني‬ ‫اإلنتاجية كجم‬ ‫‪ ‬رقم الجنية‬

‫‪2009\4\25 ‬‬ ‫‪65 ‬‬ ‫‪1 ‬‬
‫‪4\28 ‬‬ ‫‪100 ‬‬ ‫‪2 ‬‬
‫‪5\ 2 ‬‬ ‫‪120 ‬‬ ‫‪3 ‬‬
‫‪5\ 6 ‬‬ ‫‪130 ‬‬ ‫‪4 ‬‬
‫‪5\ 9 ‬‬ ‫‪130 ‬‬ ‫‪5 ‬‬
‫‪5\13 ‬‬ ‫‪150 ‬‬ ‫‪6 ‬‬
‫‪5\16 ‬‬ ‫‪140 ‬‬ ‫‪7 ‬‬
‫‪5\20 ‬‬ ‫‪150 ‬‬ ‫‪8 ‬‬
‫‪5\24 ‬‬ ‫‪145 ‬‬ ‫‪9 ‬‬
‫‪5\27 ‬‬ ‫‪140 ‬‬ ‫‪10 ‬‬
‫‪5\30 ‬‬ ‫‪135 ‬‬ ‫‪11 ‬‬
‫‪6\ 4 ‬‬ ‫‪130 ‬‬ ‫‪12 ‬‬
‫‪6\ 7 ‬‬ ‫‪120 ‬‬ ‫‪13 ‬‬
‫‪* * 6\10 ‬‬ ‫‪100 ‬‬ ‫‪14 ‬‬
‫‪6\13 ‬‬ ‫‪60 ‬‬ ‫‪15 ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬تاريخ الجني‬ ‫اإلنتاجية كجم‬ ‫‪ ‬رقم الجنية‬

‫‪6\16 ‬‬ ‫‪40 ‬‬ ‫‪16 ‬‬
‫‪6\19 ‬‬ ‫‪30 ‬‬ ‫‪17 ‬‬
‫‪‐ ‬‬ ‫‪2035 ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬اإلنتاجية الكلية‬
‫**‪ ‬فترة انتشار النيماتودا‪ ‬‬
‫تش ير النت ائج بالج دول )‪ (3‬ب ان بداي ة ظھ ور النيم اتودا ك ان بع د ‪ 90‬ي وم م ن الزراع ة مم ا اث ر ذل ك زي ادة اإلنتاجي ة وع دم‬
‫استمرارالمحصول في اإلنتاج إلي المراحل النھائية‪ .‬‬
‫جدول )‪ (4‬يوضح كمية المياه المستھلكة خالل الموسم بالمتر المكعب‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬الكمية بالمتر المكعب‬ ‫المرحلة‬ ‫‪ ‬م‬

‫‪5.6 ‬‬ ‫مرحلة اإلنبات‬ ‫‪1 ‬‬
‫‪6.3 ‬‬ ‫نمؤ البادرات‬ ‫‪2 ‬‬
‫‪11.6 ‬‬ ‫اإلزھار والعقد‬ ‫‪3 ‬‬
‫‪ 48 ‬‬ ‫اإلثمار‬ ‫‪4 ‬‬
‫‪71.5 ‬‬ ‫اإلنتاجية الكلية‬
‫تشير النتائج في الجدول )‪ (4‬بان الكمية الكلية للمياه المستھلكة وصلت الي ‪71.5‬متر مكعب وذلك خ الل االرب ع مراح ل وك ان مرحل ة‬
‫اإلثمار أكثر استھالكا للمياه حيث وصلت إلي ‪48‬متر مكعب‪ ‬‬
‫االستنتاج‬
‫تطبي ق اإلدارة المتكامل ة عل ي محص ول الخي ار ق د حق ق نت ائج جي دة ف ي الح د م ن اإلص ابات المنتش رة عل ي المحص ول‬ ‫•‬
‫والمتمثلة بمرض البياض الزغبي وعفن الجذور والذبابة البيضاء والعناكب وصانعة اإلنفاق وموت األزھار‪.‬‬
‫حقق تطبيق اإلدارة المتكاملة على المحصول في الحد من انتشار النيماتودا علي المحص ول خ الل فت رة ‪90‬ي وم م ن بداي ة‬ ‫•‬
‫الزراعة‬
‫التوصيات‬
‫إضافة معامالت أخري أكثر فعالية يمكن من خاللھا التغلب علي النيماتودا بشكل أفضل ‪ ‬‬
‫المراجع‬
‫خالد القرشي‪ ,‬خيري األبيض زراعة محصول الخيار تحت نظام الزراعة المحمية في المدرجات الزراعية ‪2002‬م‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪ -‬احمد عبد المنعم تكنولوجيا الزراعة المحمية ‪1988‬م ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫الدورة القومية حول استخدام التكنولوجيا المالئمة في الزراعة المحمية القاھرة ‪1996‬م‪ .‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪Adoption of Integrated Production & Protection Management (IPPM) ‬‬
‫‪under ) under Protected Agriculture System in Central Highlands of ‬‬
‫‪Yemen ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪N. Al Ragehi., A. Alkirshi., F. Al Shamiri., R. Al Basha., S. A. Housien & H. Alabady ‬‬
‫‪Central Highlands Research Station, Dhamar, Yemen ‬‬
‫‪Abstract‬‬
‫‪Study was conducted in Alragehi farm in Central Highlands – Dhamar, under Two green houses of 500m2 each ‬‬
‫‪in winter season /2009. Aim of this study was to reduce harm chemicals, by using the alternative substances ‬‬
‫‪during growing period of the crop, and following the Integrated Production and Protection Management ‬‬
‫‪(IPPM), which contributing in conserving of environmental and safe the human life through implementing of ‬‬
‫‪several agricultural practices such as controlling of plant density, ventilation, pruning and irrigation. In addition ‬‬
‫‪to use the natural and biological products manufacturing from(fungal & bacterial….etc ). Which is not harmful ‬‬
‫‪on environment and this will allow to get a cucumber crop free of chemical and it's residues under green ‬‬
‫‪houses. Results shown that there was a reduction in chemical sprays for controlling the Downy mildew up to ‬‬
‫‪two sprays and 5 sprays by using biological and natural substances during the season( 50%) as compared to ‬‬
‫‪control. ‬‬
‫‪Infestation with nematode was also reduced in IPPM (26%), while in control was (47%). Yield in two green ‬‬
‫‪houses was not of much difference due to another reasons like the infection of leaf miner etc. yield was 5620 ‬‬
‫‪kg / 500m2 in the control and 5772 kg for IPPM Green house . ‬‬
‫الملخص‬
‫نفذت ھذه الدراسة على محصول الخيار في البيوت المحمي ة التابع ة لمزرع ة الراجح ي بالمرتفع ات الوس طى – ذم ار ف ي بي ت محم ي‬
‫مس احته ‪500‬م‪ 2‬خ الل الموس م الش توي ‪2009/2008‬م م ع بي ت أخ ر كش اھد ب نفس المس احة تح ت ظ روف إدارة الم زارع بھ دف‬
‫التقليل من استخدام المبيدات الكيميائية السامة واستخدام البدائل‪ ‬الطبيعية اآلمنة خالل فترة نمو المحصول وإتباع نظام اإلدارة المتكامل ة‬
‫لإلنتاج والوقاية )‪ (IPPM‬يساھم في الحفاظ على البيئة واإلنسان من خالل تطبيق مجموعة من العمليات واألساليب الزراعي ة م ن تحك م‬
‫بالكثافة النباتية والتھوية والتقليم والري ‪ ,‬وكذلك استخدام المبيدات الحيوية الطبيعية المصنعة من فطريات ‪ +‬بكتريا ومركبات أخرى ال‬
‫تؤثر سلبا ً على البيئة والحصول على إنتاج خيار خال من أضرار المبيدات وأثرھا المتبقي في البيوت المحمية ‪ .‬‬
‫ومن أھم النتائج خفض عدد الرشات باستخدام المبيدات لمكافح ة م رض البي اض الزغب ي إل ى رش تين باس تخدام المبي دات الكيماوي ة ‪ ،‬‬
‫خمس )‪ 5‬رشات( باستخدام المبيدات الحيوية خالل الموسم بنسبة ‪ %50‬في بيت الـ ‪ IPPM‬مقارنة بالشاھد‪ .‬‬
‫كما أدى استخدام البدائل اآلمنة والمبيدات الحيوية الطبيعية وكذلك عناصر اإلدارة المتكاملة في بيت الـ ‪ IPPM‬إلى التقليل م ن اس تخدام‬
‫المبيدات السامة بشكل كبير حيث بلغ متوسط عدد الرشات خالل الموسم ‪ 7‬رشات في بيت الـ ‪ IPPM‬و ‪ 12‬رشة في بيت المقارنة‪ .‬‬
‫وتشير النتائج إلى انخفاض نسبة اإلص ابة بنم ا ت ودا تعق د الج ذور ف ي بي ت ال ـ ‪ IPPM‬حي ث وص لت إل ى ‪ %26‬مقارن ة بالش اھد والت ي‬
‫وصلت إلى ‪ %47‬وھذا يؤكد على نجاح البدائل اآلمنة المستخدمة في بيت ال ـ ‪ IPPM‬كم ا أدى اس تخدام الم زارع بع ض ب رامج اإلدارة‬
‫المتكامل ة إل ى الح د م ن اإلص ابة بنم ا ت ودا تعق د الج ذور بدرج ة كبي ره وبالت الي رف ع اإلنتاجي ة ‪ ,‬حي ث وص لت اإلنتاجي ة إل ى ‪ 5620‬‬
‫كيلوجرام في بيت المقارنة ‪ 5772 ،‬كيلوجرام في بيت ال ‪ IPPM‬على التوالي‪ .‬‬
‫يشمل تطبيق برنامج اإلدارة المتكاملة لإلنتاج والوقاية مجموعة من األساليب والعمليات الزراعية المتاحة والتي يس تفاد منھ ا ف ي الح د‬
‫من اإلصابة باآلفات ومنع حدوثھا في الزراعة المحمية وقد تم نش ر ھ ذه التقني ة ف ي حق ول الم زارعين وت م التوص ل إل ى نت ائج إيجابي ة‬
‫حيث تشير الدراسات إلى عدة مزارعين طبقوا أس اليب المكافح ة المتكامل ة ف ي البي وت المحمي ة وك ان أھ م نت ائج التطبي ق خف ض ع دد‬
‫م رات ال رش إل ى ‪ %50‬لمكافح ة م رض البي اض الزغب ي وك ذلك خف ض تك اليف اإلنت اج ورف ع مع دل العائ د الص افي )‪ ‬مح رم‬
‫وآخرون‪ (2003،‬إال أنه الزال ھناك مزارعين في البيوت المحمية يواجھون العديد من المشاكل اإلنتاجية تتلخص في ع دم إدارة البي ت‬
‫المحمي بمواصفات برامج اإلدارة المتكاملة لإلنتاج والوقاية مثل عدم إحكام غل ق فتح ات التھوي ة بالش اش الزراع ي وك ذلك ع دم إتب اع‬
‫نظام التھوية الجيدة وزيادة كميات المياه المضافة والكثافة النباتية والتقليم مما أدى إلى تكرار ظھور اإلصابة باآلف ات الزراعي ة خ الل‬
‫الموسم‪ .‬ونتيجة لذلك يقوم المزارع بأتباع برنامج رش مكثف باس تخدام المبي دات الكيماوي ة الس امة وبطريق ة عش وائية لمكافح ة اآلف ات‬
‫واألمراض التي تص يب المجم وع الخض ري للمحص ول مم ا أث ر س لبا ً عل ى المن تج والبيئ ة واإلنس ان وب روز عالم ات اس تفھام ح ول‬
‫صالحية تلك المنتجات لالستھالك نتيج ة لتلوثھ ا بالمبي دات الس امة وجعلھ ا غي ر مطابق ة لمواص فات الج ودة والنوعي ة ‪ .‬باإلض افة إل ى‬
‫اآلثار السلبية الناتجة من استخدام المبيدات على البيئة والمتمثلة في قتل األعداء الحيوية وتسمم كثير من الطيور والنحل وك ذلك ت دھور‬
‫التربة وجعلھا غير صالحة للزراعة مع مرور الوقت ‪ .‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫وانطالقا مما تقدم وباإلضافة إلى توصيات ورشة العمل الخاصة بالزراعة المحمية التي قضت باعتماد برامج اإلدارة المتكاملة لإلنت اج‬
‫والوقاية )‪ (IPPM‬فقد تم نشر تقنية اإلدارة المتكاملة لإلنتاج والوقاية في حقول المزارعين لتحقيق األھداف التالية ‪.‬‬
‫• مش اھدة أث ر تطبي ق برن امج اإلدارة المتكامل ة لإلنت اج والوقاي ة تح ت ظ روف الم زارع ف ي التقلي ل م ن اس تخدام المبي دات‬
‫الكيميائية خالل فترة نمو المحصول ‪ .‬‬
‫• استخدام البدائل اآلمنة المتاحة لمكافحة آفات التربة وكذلك اآلفات واألمراض التي تصيب المجموع الخضري ‪ .‬‬
‫• إنتاج ثمار من الخيار خالية من األثر المتبقي للمبيدات السامة ومطابقة لمواصفات الجودة والنوعية ‪ .‬‬
‫مواد وطرق البحث‬

‫نفذت التجربة على محصول الخيار خالل الموسم الشتوي ‪2009/2008‬م في البيوت المحمية التابعة لمزرعة الراجحي في المرتفعات‬
‫الوسطى –ذمار ‪ ,‬حيث طبقت عناص ر اإلدارة المتكامل ة لإلنت اج والوقاي ة ف ي بي ت محم ي مس احته ‪500‬م‪ 2‬واس تخدام بي ت أخ ر ب نفس‬
‫المساحة كشاھد وقد شملت عناصر اإلدارة المتكاملة لإلنتاج والوقاية التي تم تطبيقھا ما يلي ‪ :‬‬
‫‪ .1‬حراثة التربة وإزالة مخلفات المحصول السابق ‪ .‬‬
‫‪ .2‬إضافة السماد العضوي المتحلل بواقع ‪ 1‬طن لبيت المحمي ‪ .‬‬
‫‪ .3‬إضافة ‪50‬كجم سماد السوبر فوسفات الثالثي ‪ . P2 05 48%‬‬
‫‪ .4‬إقامة المصاطب الزراعية وزراعتھا بمحصول الخيار في خطوط مزدوجة الكثافة النباتية ‪ 2.5‬نبات‪/‬م‪ . 2‬‬
‫‪ .5‬استخدام ستائر من الشاش الزراعي على األبواب وفتحات التھوية لمنع دخول الحشرات ‪ .‬‬
‫‪ .6‬استخدام مادة النيمافال )مصنع من خليط من المواد العضوية ( ‪ .‬‬
‫‪ .7‬استخدام مادة الناتوكار مصنع من خليط من المواد العضوية الطبيعية و األحياء الدقيقة )فطريات ‪+‬بكتيريا ( جميعھ ا تعم ل‬
‫على تفعيل نشاط األحياء الدقيقة في التربة ومضاعفة تكاثرھا ‪ ,‬كمبيد حيوي للنيماتودا في التربة‪ .‬‬
‫‪ .8‬استخدام مبيد )ملت ي س توب( )مص نع م ن بكتري ا نافع ة تعم ل عل ى تثب يط الحش رات الت ي تص يب المحص ول كمبي د حي وي‬
‫طبيعي ليس له تأثير سلبي مقارنة بالمبيدات الكيميائية ‪ .‬‬
‫‪ .9‬استخدام مبيد )بايوجارد( مصنع من أحياء دقيقة فطريات كمبيد حيوي طبيعي لمكافحة األمراض على المجموع الخضري ‪ ‬‬
‫أما في بيت المقارنة فتم استخدام وتطيق معظم البرامج المنفذة في بيت الـ ‪ IPPM‬إضافة إلى استخدام مبي دات س امة لمكافح ة األم راض‬
‫والحشرات على المجموع الخضري خالل موسم النمو ‪ .‬‬
‫والجداول من )‪ (3‐1‬توضح أساليب اإلدارة في كل من بيت الـ ‪ IPPM‬وبيت المقارنة‪ .‬‬
‫جدول )‪ (1‬الكثافة النباتية والمسافة الزراعية في بيت الـ ‪ IPPM‬وبيت المقارنة خالل الموسم الشتوي ‪2009/2008‬م‪ ‬‬
‫دد عدد النباتات في المس افة ب ين المس افة ب ين‬ ‫ع‬ ‫المعامالت‪ ‬الصنف‪ ‬عدد النباتات الكثافة النباتية‪ ‬‬
‫الخطوط‪ ‬سم‪ ‬‬ ‫النباتات‪ ‬سم‪ ‬‬ ‫الخط‪ ‬‬ ‫الخطوط‪ ‬‬ ‫م‪ 2‬‬ ‫في البيت‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 90‬‬ ‫‪ 40‬‬ ‫‪ 240‬‬ ‫‪ 5‬‬ ‫‪ 2.5‬‬ ‫‪ 1200 Cardosa‬‬ ‫‪IPPM‬‬
‫‪ 90‬‬ ‫‪ 40‬‬ ‫‪ 240‬‬ ‫‪ 5‬‬ ‫‪ 2.5‬‬ ‫‪ 1200 Cardosa Control‬‬
‫جدول )‪ (2‬األسمدة المركبة الذاتية واألخرى المضافة في بيت الـ ‪ IPPM‬وبيت المقارنة خالل الموسم الشتوي ‪2009/2008‬م‬
‫‪ Control‬‬ ‫‪ IPPM‬‬
‫ع دد اإلض افات ف ي الكمية ) كجم(‬ ‫نوع السماد ‪N.P.K‬‬ ‫ع دد اإلض افات ف ي الكمية ) كجم(‬ ‫نوع السماد ‪N.P.K‬‬
‫الموسم‬ ‫الموسم‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪10-54-10‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪10-54-10‬‬
‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪20-20-20‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪20-20-20‬‬
‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪15-15-30‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪15-15-30‬‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪28-14-14‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪28-14-14‬‬
‫جدول)‪ (3‬البدائل اآلمنة المستخدمة لمكافحة النيماتودا في بيت الـ ‪ IPPM‬مقارنة بطريقة المزارع خالل الموسم الشتوي‬
‫‪2009/2008‬م‬
‫‪ Control‬‬ ‫‪ IPPM‬‬
‫الكمية المضافة )لتر(‬ ‫المركب المستخدم‬ ‫تاريخ المعاملة‬ ‫الكمي ة المض افة‬ ‫المركب المستخدم‬ ‫تاريخ المعاملة‬
‫)لتر(‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫فورمالدھيد‬ ‫قبل الزراعة‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫نيمافال‬ ‫‪2009/1/5‬م‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ناتوكار‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫نيمافال‬ ‫‪2009/2/15‬م‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫نيمافال‬ ‫‪2009/2/15‬م‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫نيومثال‬ ‫‪2009/3/1‬م‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫نيمافال‬ ‫‪2009/3/20‬م‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫نيوميشال‬ ‫‪2009/4/15‬م‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫نيمافال‬ ‫‪2009/4/20‬م‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫ھيوماكير‬ ‫‪2009/5/10‬م‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ھيوماكير‬ ‫‪2009/5/10‬م‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫جدول)‪ (4‬مكافحة اإلصابات المرضية والحشرية على المجموع الخضري خالل فترة نمو المحصول في بيت الـ وبيت المقارنة خالل‬
‫الموسم الشتوي ‪2009/2008‬م ‪ IPPM‬‬
‫‪ Control‬‬ ‫‪IPPM‬‬
‫عدد‬ ‫الكمية المستخدمة‬ ‫المبيد‬ ‫اآلفة‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫الكمية المستخدمة‬ ‫المبيد‬ ‫وع‬ ‫ن‬
‫الرشات‬ ‫ملي‬ ‫جرام‬ ‫المستخدم‬ ‫الرشات‬ ‫ملي‬ ‫جرام‬ ‫المستخدم‬ ‫اإلصابة‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪750‬‬ ‫ريدوميل‬ ‫اض‬ ‫البي‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬ ‫ملتي ستوب‬ ‫اض‬ ‫البي‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪1000‬‬ ‫أفيزودف‬ ‫الزغبي‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬ ‫ريدوميل‬ ‫الزغبي‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪1000‬‬ ‫كريزانثم‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪450‬‬ ‫دايمتويت‬ ‫انعات‬ ‫ص‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪900‬‬ ‫بابوجارد‬ ‫ص انعات‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫المارد‬ ‫األنفاق‬ ‫األنفاق‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫فيفاستار‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫التربس‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫التربس‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪800‬‬ ‫أيامكتين‬ ‫العناكب‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬ ‫أبا مكتين‬ ‫العناكب‬
‫تبقع األوراق‬ ‫ع‬ ‫تبق‬
‫األوراق‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪1500‬‬ ‫بازولكس‬ ‫ان‬ ‫أعف‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪1000‬‬ ‫بازولكس‬ ‫ان‬ ‫أعف‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬ ‫تشجارين‬ ‫الجذور‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫تشجارين‬ ‫الجذور‬
‫كما تم تقييم األصناف لمدى مقاومتھا لألمراض الشائعة وأھمھا أمراض البياض الزغبي‪ ،‬من حيث قياس النسبة المئوية لمتوسط ش دة‬
‫اإلصابة ونسبة اإلصابة باستخدام المعادالت التالية‪ :‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫مساحة الجزء المصاب من الورقة‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪100 × ‬‬ ‫شدة اإلصابة =‪ ‬‬
‫المساحة الكلية للورقــــة‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬عــدد األوراق المصـابة‬
‫‪100 × ‬‬ ‫نسبة اإلصابة =‪ ‬‬
‫العدد الكلي لألوراق على النبات‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫وفي ما يلي أھم نتائج التقييم‪ ‐:‬‬
‫‪ ‬يتبين‪ ‬من‪ ‬نتائج‪ ‬الدراسة‪ ‬في‪ ‬الجدول‪ ‬رقم‪ (5) ‬أن‪ ‬نسبة‪ ‬وشدة‪ ‬اإلصابة‪ ‬بمرض‪ ‬البياض‪ ‬الزغبي‪ ‬وصلت‪ ‬ف ي‪ ‬بي ت‪ ‬ال ـ‪ (IPPM) ‬إل ى‪ ، %38 ‬‬
‫‪ % 17‬على‪ ‬الت والي‪ ‬بينم ا‪ ‬كان ت‪ ‬ف ي‪ ‬بي ت‪ ‬المقارن ة‪ %58.9 ، %80 ‬عل ى‪ ‬الت والي‪ ‬وانخف اض‪ ‬ع دد‪ ‬م رات‪ ‬ال رش‪ ‬ف ي‪ ‬بي ت‪ ‬ال ـ‪ IPPM ‬إل ى‪ ‬‬
‫النصف‪ ‬كما‪ ‬ھو‪ ‬في‪ ‬بيت‪ ‬المقارنة‪ ‬حيث‪ ‬سجلت‪ (5) ‬رشات‪ ‬ف ي‪ ‬بي ت‪ ‬ال ـ‪ IPPM ‬بمبي دات‪ ‬حيوي ة‪ ‬آمن ة‪ .‬وغي ر‪ ‬ض اره‪ ‬باإلض افة‪ ‬إل ى‪ ‬تطبي ق‪ ‬‬
‫برنامج‪ ‬اإلدارة‪ ‬المتكاملة‪ ‬والتي‪ ‬من‪ ‬أھمھا‪ ‬التقليم‪ ‬والتھوية‪ ‬الجيدة‪ .‬‬
‫كما‪ ‬تشير‪ ‬النتائج‪ ‬المبينة‪ ‬في‪ ‬الجدول‪ ‬رقم‪ (5) ‬إل ى‪ ‬نس بة‪ ‬اإلص ابة‪ ‬باآلف ات‪ ‬الحش رية‪ ‬والحيواني ة‪ ‬بلغ ت‪ %30 ‬لحش رة‪ ‬العناك ب‪ ‬ف ي‪ ‬بي ت‪ ‬ال ـ‪ ‬‬
‫‪ IPPM‬و‪ %30 ‬ف ي‪ ‬بي ت‪ ‬المقارن ة‪ ‬ف ي‪ ‬حي ث‪ ‬س جلت‪ ‬أعل ى‪ ‬نس بة‪ ‬لإلص ابة‪ ‬لحش رة‪ ‬ص انعات‪ ‬األنف اق‪ ,‬ف ي‪ ‬ك ل‪ ‬م ن‪ ‬بي ت‪ ‬ال ـ‪ IPPM ‬وبي ت‪ ‬‬
‫المقارن ة‪ %60 ‬م ع‪ ‬زي ادة‪ ‬ع دد‪ ‬م رات‪ ‬ال رش‪ ‬ويرج ع‪ ‬ذل ك‪ ‬إل ى‪ ‬ع دم‪ ‬ت وفر‪ ‬الش بك‪ ‬الم انع‪ ‬للحش رات‪ ‬بمواص فاته‪ ‬المعروف ة‪ ‬ورداءة‪ ‬الم واد‪ ‬‬
‫المستخدمة‪ ‬في‪ ‬عملية‪ ‬التغطية‪ ‬لفتحات‪ ‬التھوية‪ ‬المتوفرة‪ ‬حاليا‪ ‬في‪ ‬األسواق‪ ‬والتي‪ ‬تعرض ت‪ ‬للتم زق‪ ‬قب ل‪ ‬انتھ اء‪ ‬الموس م‪ ‬مم ا‪ ‬جع ل‪ ‬الم زارع‪ ‬‬
‫يلجأ‪ ‬إلى‪ ‬استخدام‪ ‬مبيدات‪ ‬في‪ ‬بيت‪ ‬الـ‪ IPPM ‬لذلك‪ ‬نالحظ‪ ‬من‪ ‬خ الل‪ ‬الج دول‪ ‬رق م‪ (5) ‬إل ى‪ ‬اس تخدام‪ ‬مبي دات‪ ‬حي ث‪ ‬بلغ ت‪ ‬ع دد‪ ‬الرش ات‪ ‬ف ي‪ ‬‬
‫بيت‪ ‬الـ‪ IPPM ‬خالل‪ ‬موسم‪ ‬النمو‪ ‬إل ى‪ 6 ‬رش ات‪ ‬لمكافح ة‪ ‬حش رة‪ ‬ص انعات‪ ‬األنف اق‪7 ‬رش ات‪ ‬لمكافح ة‪ ‬أعف ان‪ ‬الج ذور‪ ‬رغ م‪ ‬انخف اض‪ ‬نس بة‪ ‬‬
‫اإلصابة‪ ‬مقارنة‪ ‬بالشاھد‪ ‬حيث‪ ‬وصلت‪ ‬نسبة‪ ‬اإلصابة‪ ‬ألعفان‪ ‬الجذور‪ %26 ‬ولحشرة‪ ‬صانعات‪ ‬األنفاق‪ . %60 ‬‬
‫وتدل‪ ‬النتائج‪ ‬الموضحة‪ ‬في‪ ‬الجدول‪ ‬رقم‪ (5) ‬على‪ ‬ان‪ ‬النسبة‪ ‬المئوية‪ ‬للنباتات‪ ‬المصابة‪ ‬بنماتودا‪ ‬تعق د‪ ‬الج ذور‪ ‬ف ي‪ ‬بي ت‪ ‬ال ـ‪ IPPM ‬بلغ ت‪ ‬بع د‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 60‬يوم‪ ‬من‪ ‬الزراعة‪ %7 ‬ثم‪ ‬بلغت‪ %26 ‬في‪ ‬نھاية‪ ‬الموسم‪120) ‬يوم‪ ‬م ن‪ ‬الزراع ة‪ ( ‬بينم ا‪ ‬كان ت‪ ‬ف ي‪ ‬الش اھد‪ % 8 ‬ث م‪ ‬وص لت‪ ‬إل ى‪ % 47 ‬‬
‫بعد‪ 120 ‬يوم‪ ‬من‪ ‬الزراعة‪ ‬ويرجع‪ ‬ذلك‪ ‬إلى‪ ‬استخدام‪ ‬البدائل‪ ‬اآلمنة‪ ‬الطبيعية‪ ‬وقدرتھا‪ ‬عل ى‪ ‬خف ض‪ ‬أع داد‪ ‬النيم اتودا‪ ‬ف ي‪ ‬الترب ة‪ ‬والموض حة‪ ‬‬
‫في‪ ‬الجدول‪ ‬رقم‪ (3) ‬مما‪ ‬تدل‪ ‬النتائج‪ ‬إلى‪ ‬إمكانية‪ ‬استخداما‪ ‬لمبيدات‪ ‬الحيوية‪ ‬الطبيعية‪ ‬بنجاح‪ ‬لمكافحة‪ ‬األمراض‪ ‬والحش رات‪ ‬عل ى‪ ‬المجم وع‪ ‬‬
‫الخضري‪ ‬وأمراض‪ ‬التربة‪ . ‬حيث‪ ‬تم‪ ‬استخدام‪ ‬مبيد‪ ‬ملتي‪ ‬ستوب‪ ‬في‪ ‬بيت‪ ‬الـ‪ IPPM ‬لمكافحة‪ ‬البياض‪ ‬الزغبي‪ ‬و‪ ‬تبقع‪ ‬األوراق‪ ‬وكان ت‪ ‬نس بة‪ ‬‬
‫اإلصابة‪ %38 ‬و‪ %17 ‬على‪ ‬الت والي‪ ‬لك ل‪ ‬منھم ا‪ ‬مقارن ًة‪ ‬بالش اھد‪ ‬حي ث‪ ‬ت م‪ ‬اس تخدام‪ ‬مبي دات‪ ‬س امة‪ ‬وبع دد‪ ‬رش ات‪ ‬وص لت‪ ‬إل ى‪ 14 ‬رش ة‪ . ‬‬
‫لمكافحة‪ ‬البياض‪ ‬الزغبي‪ ‬فقط‪ ‬وبفارق‪ 4 ‬رشات‪ ‬عما‪ ‬ھو‪ ‬في‪ ‬بيت‪ ‬الـ‪ IPPM ‬كما‪ ‬تم‪ ‬استخدام‪ ‬مبيد‪ ‬بايوج اري‪ ‬لمكافح ة‪ ‬الحش رات‪) ‬لص انعات‪ ‬‬
‫األنفاق‪ – ‬والتربس‪ – ‬العناكب‪ ( ‬وقد‪ ‬سجلت‪ 6 ‬رشات‪ ‬في‪ ‬بيت‪ ‬الـ‪ IPPM ‬مقارنة‪ ‬الشاھد‪ ‬والتي‪ ‬بلغت‪ 15 ‬رش ات‪ ‬لمكافح ة‪ ‬حش رة‪ ‬ص انعات‪ ‬‬
‫األنفاق‪ ‬وخمس‪ ‬رشات‪ ‬لمكافحة‪ ‬العناكب‪. ‬و‪ ‬الجدول‪ ‬رقم‪ (5) ‬يوضح‪ ‬ذلك‪ . ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫جدول )‪ (5‬متوسط شدة ونسبة اإلصابة بمرض البياض الزغبي و الدقيقي ونسبة اإلصابة بحشرة العناكب وصانعات األنفاق ونسبة‬
‫اإلصابة بنماتودا تعقد الجذور في بيت الـ ‪ IPPM‬وبيت المقارنة خالل فترة التقييم‪.‬‬
‫‪Control ‬‬ ‫‪IPPM ‬‬
‫عدد‪ ‬‬ ‫متوسط‪ ‬‬ ‫متوسط‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬فترة‪ ‬التقيم‬ ‫اآلفة‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫متوسط‬ ‫متوسط‬ ‫‪ ‬فترة‪ ‬التقييم‬ ‫اآلفة‬
‫‪ ‬الرشات‬ ‫شدة‪ ‬‬ ‫نسبة‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬الرشات‬ ‫شدة‪ ‬‬ ‫نسبة‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬اإلصابة‬ ‫‪ ‬اإلصابة‪%‬‬ ‫‪ ‬اإلصابة‬ ‫‪ ‬اإلصابة‪%‬‬
‫‪14 ‬‬ ‫‪58.9 ‬‬ ‫‪80 ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬بعد‪ 85 ‬يوم‬ ‫البي اض‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬ ‫‪ ‬بعد‪ 85 ‬يوم‬ ‫البي اض‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬من‪ ‬الزراعة‬ ‫‪ ‬الزغبي‬ ‫‪ ‬من‪ ‬الزراعة‬ ‫‪ ‬الزغبي‬
‫‪4 ‬‬ ‫‪‐ ‬‬ ‫‪30 ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬بعد‪ 12 ‬يوم‬ ‫العناكب‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‐‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪ ‬بعد‪ 12 ‬يوم‬ ‫العناكب‬
‫‪ ‬من‪ ‬الزراعة‬ ‫‪ ‬من‪ ‬الزراعة‬
‫‪10 ‬‬ ‫‪‐ ‬‬ ‫‪60 ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬بعد‪ 80 ‬يوم‬ ‫ص انعات‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‐‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪ ‬بعد‪ 80 ‬يوم‬ ‫ص انعات‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬من‪ ‬الزراعة‬ ‫‪ ‬األنفاق‬ ‫‪ ‬من‪ ‬الزراعة‬ ‫‪ ‬األنفاق‬
‫‪‐ ‬‬ ‫‪‐ ‬‬ ‫‪37 ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬بعد‪ 80 ‬يوم‬ ‫ع‬ ‫تبق‬ ‫‐‬ ‫‐‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪ ‬بعد‪ 80 ‬يوم‬ ‫ع‪ ‬‬ ‫تبق‬
‫‪ ‬من‪ ‬الزراعة‬ ‫‪ ‬األوراق‬ ‫‪ ‬من‪ ‬الزراعة‬ ‫‪ ‬األوراق‬
‫‪11 ‬‬ ‫‪‐ ‬‬ ‫‪26 ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬بعد‪ 90 ‬يوم‬ ‫ان‬ ‫أعف‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‐‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪ ‬بعد‪ 90 ‬يوم‬ ‫أعف ان‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬من‪ ‬الزراعة‬ ‫‪ ‬الجذور‬ ‫‪ ‬من‪ ‬الزراعة‬ ‫‪ ‬الجذور‬
‫‪‐ ‬‬ ‫‪‐ ‬‬ ‫‪7 ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬بعد‪ 120 ‬يوم‬ ‫نيم اتودا‬ ‫‐‬ ‫‐‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪ ‬بعد‪ 120 ‬يوم‬ ‫نيم اتودا‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬من‪ ‬الزراعة‬ ‫د‪ ‬‬ ‫تعق‬ ‫‪ ‬من‪ ‬الزراعة‬ ‫د‪ ‬‬ ‫تعق‬
‫الجذور‬ ‫الجذور‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫جدول )‪ (6‬يوضح عدد الجينات واإلنتاجية الكلية )كجم( في بيت الـ ‪ IPPM‬وبيت المقارنة خالل الموسم الشتوي ‪2009/2008‬م‬
‫‪ Control‬‬ ‫‪IPPM‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 29‬‬ ‫‪ 32‬‬ ‫عدد الجينات‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 5620‬‬ ‫‪ 5772‬‬ ‫اإلنتاجية‪ ‬الكلية‪) ‬كجم(‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 11.2‬‬ ‫‪ 11.5‬‬ ‫متوسط‪ ‬إنتاجية‪ ‬المتر‪ ‬المربع‪) ‬كجم(‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 4.7‬‬ ‫‪ 4.8‬‬ ‫متوسط‪ ‬إنتاجية‪ ‬النبات‪) ‬كجم‪ ( ‬‬
‫ويشير‪ ‬الجدول‪ (6) ‬إلى‪ ‬أن‪ ‬عدد‪ ‬الجنيات‪ ‬وصلت‪ ‬في‪ ‬ببيت‪ ‬المقارنة‪ ‬وبيت‪ ‬الـ‪ 32 , 29 IPPM ‬جنية‪ ‬على‪ ‬التوالي‪ ‬وبلغت‪ ‬اإلنتاجي ة‪ ‬ف ي‪ ‬بي ت‪ ‬‬
‫الـ‪ IPPM ‬والـ‪ 5620 , 5772 Control ‬كيلو‪ ‬جرام‪ ‬على‪ ‬التوالي‪ . ‬‬
‫االستنتاج‬
‫أدى‪ ‬استخدام‪ ‬عناصر‪ ‬اإلدارة‪ ‬المتكاملة‪ ‬وأھمھما‪ ‬الري‪ ‬والتھوية‪ ‬الجيدة‪ ‬والتقليم‪ ‬إلى‪ ‬الحد‪ ‬من‪ ‬اإلصابة‪ ‬بمرض‪ ‬البياض‪ ‬الزغبي‪ ‬في‪ ‬بي ت‪ ‬ال ـ‪ ‬‬
‫‪ IPPM‬مما‪ ‬أدى‪ ‬إلى‪ ‬خفض‪ ‬عدد‪ ‬مرات‪ ‬الرش‪ ‬عما‪ ‬ھو‪ ‬في‪ ‬بيت‪ ‬المقارنة‪ . ‬‬
‫أدى‪ ‬استخدام‪ ‬المبيدات‪ ‬الحيوية‪ ‬الطبيعية‪ ‬إل ى‪ ‬مكافح ة‪ ‬العدي د‪ ‬م ن‪ ‬األم راض‪ ‬والحش رات‪ ‬و‪ ‬الح د‪ ‬م ن‪ ‬تكاثرھ ا‪ ‬ف ي‪ ‬بي ت‪ ‬ال ـ‪ IPPM ‬مم ا‪ ‬أت اح‪ ‬‬
‫الفرصة‪ ‬النتشار‪ ‬األعداء‪ ‬الحيوية‪ ‬لحشرة‪ ‬المن‪ ‬وإنتاج‪ ‬ثمار‪ ‬مطابقة‪ ‬لمواصفات‪ ‬الجودة‪ ‬والنوعية‪ . ‬‬
‫أدى‪ ‬استخدام‪ ‬مادة‪ ‬النمافال‪ ‬والمركب ات‪ ‬األخ رى‪ ‬إل ى‪ ‬خف ض‪ ‬أع داد‪ ‬النم اتودا‪ ‬ف ي‪ ‬الترب ة‪ ‬ف ي‪ ‬بي ت‪ ‬ال ـ‪ IPPM ‬كم ا‪ ‬أن‪ ‬قي ام‪ ‬الم زارع‪ ‬بتطبي ق‪ ‬‬
‫بعض‪ ‬عناصر‪ ‬اإلدارة‪ ‬المتكاملة‪ ‬إلى‪ ‬رفع‪ ‬اإلنتاجية‪ ‬في‪ ‬بيت‪ ‬المقارنة‪ . ‬‬
‫التوصيات‬
‫• استخدام‪ ‬المبيدات‪ ‬الحيوية‪ ‬الطبيعية‪ ‬واآلمنة‪ ‬لمكافحة‪ ‬األمراض‪ ‬والحشرات‪ ‬على‪ ‬المجوع‪ ‬الخضري‪ ‬في‪ ‬التربة‪ . ‬‬
‫• استخدام‪ ‬الشاش‪ ‬الزراعي‪ ‬األب يض‪ ‬ال ذي‪ ‬يس مح‪ ‬بالتھوي ة‪ ‬الجي دة‪100) ‬م ش‪/‬س م‪ ( 2‬إلحك ام‪ ‬إغ الق‪ ‬البي ت‪ ‬المحم ي‪ ‬لمن ع‪ ‬دخ ول‪ ‬‬
‫الحشرات‪ ‬من‪ ‬األبواب‪ ‬وفتحات‪ ‬التھوية‪ ‬الجانبية‪ ‬والعلوية ذو‪ ‬المواصفات‪ ‬الجيدة ‪ .‬‬
‫استخدام‪ ‬الكثافة‪ ‬النباتية‪ ‬بمعدل‪ 2.5 ‬نبات‪ ‬للمتر‪ ‬المربع‪ ‬الواحد‪ . ‬‬ ‫•‬
‫إدخال‪ ‬برامج‪ ‬الزراعة‪ ‬العضوية‪ ‬الطبيعية‪ ‬النظيفة‪ ‬على‪ ‬المحاصيل‪ ‬تحت‪ ‬نظام‪ ‬الزراعة‪ ‬المحمية‪ . ‬‬ ‫•‬
‫المصادر‬
‫‐‪ ‬محرم‪ ،‬عبد‪ ‬ﷲ‪ . ‬محمد‪ ‬الصعدي‪ ,. ‬مس عد‪ ‬عيس ى‪ ،. ‬ام ين‪ ‬القرش ي‪ ،. ‬ص الح‪ ‬عب د‪ ‬ﷲ‪ ‬حس ين‪ ،. ‬حس ن‪ ‬العب ادي‪ .(2003) ‬تطبي ق‪ ‬برن امج‪ ‬‬
‫اإلدارة‪ ‬المتكاملة‪ ‬لإلنتاج‪ ‬والوقاية‪ ‬عل ى‪ ‬محص ول‪ ‬الخي ار‪ ‬تح ت‪ ‬نظ ام‪ ‬الزراع ة‪ ‬المحمي ة‪ ‬ف ي‪ ‬المرتفع ات‪ ‬الوس طى‪. ‬المجل ة‪ ‬اليمني ة‪ ‬للبح وث‪ ‬‬
‫والدراسات‪ ‬الزراعية‪2003 ‬م‪ .‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

Annexes
Annex 1 List of Buffel Growers until Dec 2009
Annex 2 List of growers adopted spineless cactus in the Arabian Peninsula by end
of 2009
Annex 3 List of growers adopted Integrated Production and Protection
Management in the Arabian Peninsula by Dec 2009
Annex 4 List of growers adopted Soilless Production System in the Arabian
Peninsula by Dec 2009
Annex 5 List of Participants on Training workshop on data collection and impact
assessment
Annex 6 List of Participants on the Job Training for installation of soilless
production system
Annex 7 Reports and list of participants of ICARDA‐APRP Regional Technical
Coordination (RTC) and Steering Committee (RSC) Meeting
Annex 8 List of participants of specialized training course in Agricultural Extension
and Technology Transfer, Dec 2009


Annex


Annual Report 2009 Natural Resource Management in the Arabian Peninsula

Annex
Annexure 1 List of Buffel Growers until Dec 2009
# Name Cultivat Farm Area Location Emirate
ed Date ( m2 )
1 Abd Alkafor Abd Al Hayi 2002 333 WISHAH SHARJAH
2 Alshikh Abdula Bin Rashid 2004 1140 ALHELO AJMAN
3 Mohamed Sayid Alhangary 2004 1375 KADRA RAS AL KHIMA
4 Shikh Rashid Bin Ahmed Al Moala 2005 3000 FALG AL MALA AUM AL QUAIN
5 Arhama Al Awis 2005 1600 WISAH SHARJAH
6 Ali Ahmed Salah 2006 1107 WISAH SHARJAH
7 Mohamed Abdula Mohian 2006 1500 WISAH SHARJAH
8 Mohamed Abdula Mohian 2006 1631 WISAH SHARJAH
9 Al Shikh Abd Alaziz Al Kasimy 2006 1600 WISAH SHARJAH
10 Al Shikh Magad Al Naemy 2006‐07 1700 ALHELO AJMAN
11 Rashid Salim Al Tanagy 2007 1494 AL ZAID SHARJAH
12 Bilal Moftah 2007 753 AL ZAID SHARJAH
13 Saied Al Mosaoy 2007 1122 ALHELO AJMAN
14 Khalifa Saied Al Grah 2007 1122 ALHELO AJMAN
15 Ali Sayed Al Mazroay 2007 592 AL HANYA AL FUJERA
16 Abdula Al Shaer 2007 174 ALHELO AJMAN
17 Abd Alkafor Abd Al Hayi 2007 316 AL ZAID SHARJAH
18 Emirates Club 2007 704 SMALIA ILAND ABU DHABI
19 Dr. NAGAIA HASAN 2007 688 AL FALY SHARJAH
20 Abdula Saied Al Thany 2007 150 AL ZAID SHARJAH
21 Mohamed Ali Al Naemy 2007 150 AL ZAID SHARJAH
22 Ali Sayed Al Mazroay 2007 220 AL HANYA AL FUJERA
23 Mohamed Abd Al Rahyim 2007 588 AL AWIR DUBAI
24 Mohamed Abd Al Rahim 2008 1022 ALAWIR DUBAI
25 Ahmed Eibrahim Al Kargy 2008 1314 KABIR SHARJAH
26 Ali Sayif 2008 393.6 AL SYJE AL FUJARH
27 Abdula Mosabh 2008 220 ALHELO AJMAN
28 Al Shikh Magad Al Namey 2008 1798 ALHELO AJMAN
29 Mohmed Khalf Al Otiba 2008 527 AL ZAID SHARJAH
30 Tarik Al Hamady 2008 600 AL AIN ABU DHABI
31 Emirates Club 2007 704 SMALIA ILAND ABU DHABI
32 Mohamed Kalif Al Otiba 2008 2646 ALAWIR DUBAI
33 Mohamed Al Otibe Kajor 2008 1025 AL NASIM AL FUJARH
34 Naser Kalifa Al Noman 2008 969 AL FAO SHARJAH
35 Abdula Mosabh 2008 220 ALHELO AJMAN
36 Mohamed Abd Al Rahim 2008 1358 ALAWIR DUBAI
37 Ali Hamid Al Shamsy 2008 500 SHENIS AUM AL QUAIN
38 Mohamed Kalif Al Otiba 2008 950 AL ZAID SHARJAH
39 Ali Abdula Al Mohamod 2009 1200 WISHAH SHARJAH
40 Alia Bint Sohil Al Maktom 2009 1954 AL KHAONIG DUBAI
41 Rashid Mohamed Soultan 2009 2900 WISHAH SHARJAH
42 Al Shikh Fisal Al Qasmiy 2009 1610 AL ZAID SHARJAH
43 Siaf Mohamed Bin Nhila 2009 672 WISHAH SHARJAH
44 Saied Mohamed Al Tanagy 2009 1035 AL ZAID SHARJAH
45 Khalifa Rashid Ahmed Al Tanagy 2009 908 AL ZAID SHARJAH
46 Ali Hamid Al Shamsy 2009 350 SHANTIZE AUM AL QUAIN
47 Abd Al Khafor Al Khaga 2009 2690 AL ZOBIR AL SHARJAH
48 Shikh Rashid Bin Ahmed Al Moala 2009 1695 FALG AL MALA AUM AL QUAIN
49 Salim Al Zomer 2009 600 AL ZOBIR AL SHARJAH
50 Hamad Rashid Al Katery 2009 315 AL DIKDAKA RAS AL KHIMA
51 Siaf Alndas 2009 200 AL ZAID SHARJAH
52 Ali Saied Al Mazroay 2009 250 AL HANYA AL FUJERA
53 Mohamed Al Madfa 2009 420 AL ZOBIR AL SHARJAH

TOTAL AREAS 53208



Annex
Annex1 continue List of growers adopted Buffel grass in AP countries

# Grower Name Country Location
1 Eng. Khaled Ahmed Aref, Kuwait Burgan Agri. Co. Umm Niqa, Abdaly
2 Abdulah Al‐Adwani Kuwait Road 6, St. 609, Umm Niqa, Abdaly
3 Saif Bin Hamid Al Badi Oman Batenieh
4 Amer Bin Hamid Al Saedi Oman Batenieh
5 Majid Bin Shikhan Al Mamari Oman Batenieh
6 Mehil Bin Abdulah Al Khteri Oman Dakhelia
7 Khalifeh Bin Mohamned Al Motamer Oman Dakhelia
8 Fahad Bin Saoud Al Kalbani Oman Zahera
9 Helal bin Hamd Al Moamery Oman Zahera
10 Mr. Abdullah Salem Al Sulaiteen Qatar Sulaiteen Agricultural and Industrial Complex, Umm
Salal, Doha
11 Al Emadi Qatar Al Emadi Farm, near Roudat Al Faras Research
Station
12 Mohammed Awad Saleh Yemen Radfan and Tor al‐Baha Provinces / Lahj
13 Nasser Abdullah Mohssen Yemen Governorate
14 Obied Nasser Ali Yemen
15 Cooperative Association Yemen ‐Qaa Albown ‐ Northern Highlands –Sana'a
Annex 2 – List of growers adopted spineless cactus in the Arabian Peninsula by end of 2009
# Grower Name Country Location
1 Yahya saif Al Hadabi Oman Samail
2 Salem Rashid Al Ma’amari Oman Al Batineh
3 Saeed Abdulaleem Alkholidy Yemen Alakhlod‐ Southern Uplands – Taiz.
4 Abdurrahman Ali Ibraheem Yemen Jabal Habashi‐ Southern Uplands – Taiz.
5 Fuad Ali Salem Al‐shadadi Yemen Southern Costal Area/ Alkod – Abyan.
Annex 3 List growers adopted Integrated Production and Protection Management in the Arabian
Peninsula by Dec 2009

# Name Crop Country Location
1 Mr. Sayed Fiysal Bahrain Snabis
2 Mr. Fisal Al Sayegh Bahrain Jid Ali
3 Mr. Kamil Al Errayed Bahrain Barbar
4 Mr. Mohamed Rasheed Al Naeemi Cucumber Emirates Ajman
5 Mr. Khaled Assad Cucumber Emirates Ras Al Khaimeh
6 Mr. Mohamed Samit Cucumber Emirates Ras Al Khaimeh
7 Mr. Saif Mohamed Cucumber Emirates Sharjah
8 Mr. Mohamed Mesbah Cucumber Emirates Fujairah
9 Mr. Abdullah Khaled AL‐Ayyoub Kuwait Juwariya Farm, Wafra
10 Mr. Bader AL‐Fraih (two sites) Kuwait Burqan Farm, Abdali
11 Mr. Saleh Abdul Razzaq AL‐Saleh Kuwait AL‐Saleh Sons Farm, Abdali
12 Mr. Saud Hamed AL Rawahy Cucumber Oman Barka
13 Mr. Abdallah AL Wardi Sweet pepper Oman Bahla
14 Mr. Said Abdallah AL Wardi Cucumber Oman Bahla
15 Mr. Khalfan Said AL Subhi Tomato Oman Nakhal
16 Mr. Saif AL Ghafri Cucumber Oman Abri
17 Mr. Ahmed Abdullah Al Wardi Cucumber Oman Al Dakhyliah ‐Bohla – Al khatwa
18 Mr. Suleiman Ali Al Khatri Cucumber Oman Al Dakhyliah ‐Bohla – Al kharm
19 Mr. Badar Sulaimi Al khalbani Cucumber Oman AL Dhahirah‐ Abri‐ Al Nagid
20 Mr. Rashid Khalfan Al Subhi Cucumber Oman Al Batinah‐ Barka – Al Oqda
21 Mr. Mansor Ali AL Sulaimi Dwarf Beans Oman Al Batinah‐ Barka – Al Filaij
22 Mr. Abdullah Salem Al Sulaiteen Cucumber, Qatar Al Sulaiteen Agricultural and
Tomato, pepper, Industrial Complex (SAIC)
Eggplant and
Strawberry
23 National Agricultural Research Tomato Saudi Riyadh
Center Arabia
24 Abdulwhab Al‐Okady Cucumber Yemen Southern Uplands – Taiz.
25 Ahmed Al‐ Mogahed Cucumber Yemen Southern Uplands – Taiz.
26 Ahmed Saleh Al‐Ragehi Cucumber Yemen Central Highlands ‐ Dhamar


Annex
Annex 4 List growers adopted Soilless Production System in the Arabian Peninsula by Dec 2009

# Name Crop Country Location
1 Mr. Sayed Fiysal Bahrain Snabis
2 Mr. Fisal Al Sayegh Bahrain Jid Ali
3 Mr. Kamil Al Errayed Bahrain Barbar
4 Mr. Mohamed Rasheed Al Naeemi Cucumber Emirates Ajman
5 Mr. Khaled Assad Cucumber Emirates Ras Al Khaimeh
6 Mr. Mohamed Samit Cucumber Emirates Ras Al Khaimeh
7 Mr. Saif Mohamed Cucumber Emirates Sharjah
8 Mr. Mohamed Mesbah Cucumber Emirates Fujairah
9 Saud Al‐azmi Cucumber Kuwait al‐wafra agriculture area
10 Ahmed Abdullah Al Wardi Cucumber Oman Al Dakhyliah ‐Bohla – Al khatwa
11 Suleiman Ali Al Khatri Cucumber Oman Al Dakhyliah ‐Bohla – Al kharm
12 Badar Sulaimi Al khalbani Cucumber Oman AL Dhahirah‐ Abri‐ Al Nagid
13 Rashid Khalfan Al Subhi Cucumber Oman Al Batinah‐ Barka – Al Oqda
14 Mansor Ali AL Sulaimi Dwarf Beans Oman Al Batinah‐ Barka – Al Filaij
15 Mr. Abdullah Salem Al Sulaiteen Cucumber, Qatar Al Sulaiteen Agricultural and
Tomato, Industrial Complex (SAIC)
pepper,
Eggplant and
Strawberry
16 National Agricultural Research Tomato Saudi Riyadh
Center Arabia
17 Thief Allah Sa'ad Qoiesh Cucumber Yemen Bany Alhareth / Northern Highlands –
Sana'a
18 Gamil Abdultwab Cucumber Yemen Southern Uplands – Taiz.

In Oman and Emirates total number of growers adopted the soilless production system by Dec 2009 reported
75 in each country (Abo Al Kabash & Abdolaziz, 2009) & (Al Ma'awali, Al‐Hinai, Al Rawahy, & PIT‐Oman, 2009)

Annex 5 List of Participants on Training workshop on data collection and impact assessment
UAE 16‐17 October 2008
1. Eng. Jasim Abdul Karim/Bahrain 5. Dr. Imam Hsab El Nabi/UAE
2. Eng. Mohamed Makkawy/UAE 6. Dr. Abdullah Al hajoj/Saudi Arabia
3. Dr. Moahmed Ababna/UAE 7. Eng. Mohamed Ali Al Kubaisi/Qatar
4. Mr. Basel Fouad Mubarak/UAE
Oman 19‐20 October 2008
8. Eng. Salim Al Kindi/Oman 11. Eng. Ahmed Khalaf Al‐Shedi/Oman
9. Dr. Ali Hussain AL Lawati/Oman 12. Eng. Safa Al Farsi/Oman
10. Eng. Muother Al Rawahy/Oman
Annex 6 List of Participants on the Job Training for installation of soilless production system
UAE 25‐27 January 2009
1. Eng. Mansour Ibrahim Mansour
2. Eng. Saeed Al Bagham
3. Fatma Al‐Sherawy
4. Eng. Hamlan Mohamed
5. Eng. Saleh Abdullah Akrot
6. Eng. Saher Zeada
7. Mr. Saeed Musabah
8. Mr. Ali Abdul Rahman Yaqoob
9. Mr. Rashid Naiaa



Annex
Annex 7 – Reports and list of participants of ICARDAAPRP Regional Technical Coordination (RTC)

and Steering Committee (RSC) Meeting
1st Regional Technical Coordination and Regional Steering Committee Meetings of ICARDAAPRP;
30th June to 2nd July 2008, ICARDA Headquarter, Aleppo
The new project “Technology Transfer to Enhance Rural Livelihoods and Natural Resource Management in the
Arabian Peninsula” work plan for 2008‐2009 was finalized (www.icarda‐aprp.ae/RTCM08) after the first RTC
and RSC meetings and circulated among the seven Arabian Peninsula countries and project donors. The first
Regional Technical Coordination (RTC) and Regional Steering Committee (RSC) meetings were held during 30th
June to 2nd July 2008 at ICARDA Headquarter in Aleppo. The meeting was attended by about 30 researchers
and scientists representing seven Arabian Peninsula countries and ICARDA scientists. During the two days of
RTCM, the work plan for 2008/09 was developed and discussed in details. Different project component,
activities and their expected outputs were presented by the ICARDA scientists followed group discussions and
work plan was modified accordingly. The presentations, list of participants and work plan are available under
www.icarda‐aprp.ae/RTCM08.
The RSC meeting was held on 2nd July 2008. The meeting was chaired by Dr Ir Maarten van Ginkel, Deputy
Director General (Research), ICARDA and attended by National and Technical coordinators of the seven
Arabian Peninsula countries and the Regional Coordinator, ICARDA‐APRP Dr Ahmed Moustafa who presented
the RTC summary discussions, draft work plan and budget. The RSC members discussed and approved the
work plan for 2008/09 and budget. The RSC requested ICARDA for an extra training course on project
development and management.

Photo 21 -Participants to the APRP RTCM & RSCM, ICARDA HQ, Aleppo, 30 Jun 2008

List of Participants
ICARDA‐APRP first RTCM & RSCM, 30th June to 2nd July 2008 ICARDA Headquarter, Aleppo
Bahrain
Eng Essam Abdel Razaq (TC) Mr Hussain Al Laith
Manger, Farm Operation & Head, Plant Production, Ministry of
Maintenance, Ministry of Municipal Municipal Affairs and Agriculture,
Affairs and Agriculture,Bahrain Bahrain,
Tel: 00973 17696729, Tel: 00973 17796700, Fax: 00973
Fax: 00973 17693787 17693787
isammustafa18@hotmail.com hussain40@gmail.com


Annex
UAE
Eng Mansour Ibrahim Mansour Eng Saeed Al Bagham
Head, Date palm Development Head, Research Section & Director
Section Ministry of Environment Hamranieh Research Station, UAE
and Water, UAE Tel: 00971 7 2436381,
Tel: 00971 72436668, Fax: 00971 7 2436382,
Fax: 00971 72436382 Shalbaghaem@moew.gov.ae
mimansoor@moew.gov.ae
Kuwait
Ms Salwa Al‐Orifan (NC)
Director, Plant Research & Nurseries Department
Public Authority for Agricultural Affairs and Fish Resources,Kuwait
Tel: 00965 2253060,
Fax: 00965 2253070
salwa@paaf.gov.kw
Oman
Mr Salim Al Kindi Dr Ali Al‐Lawati (TC)
ADG of Agricultural and Animals Assistant Director, Plant
Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Production Research Center,
Oman Ministry of Agriculture, Oman
Tel: 00968 26893131, Tel: 00968 26893915,
Fax: 00968 26893097 Fax: 00968 26893097
research@omantel.net.om allawati@msn.com
Ms Safaa Al Farsi Eng Muthir Al Rawahy
Head of Seed & Plant Genetic Vegetable Researcher, Ministry of
Resources Lab Agriculture
Ministry of Agriculture,Oman Oman
Tel: 00968 99342950, Tel: 00968 9428036,
Fax: 00968 26 893097 Fax: 00968 26 893097
research@omantel.net.om muthir64@hotmail.com
Qatar
Mr Mohammed Al‐Mohannadi (TC) Dr Tariq Al‐Zidjali
Chief Agricultural Extension, Agricultural Expert, Minister of
Minister of Municipal Affairs & Municipal Affairs & Agriculture
Agriculture, Qatar Qatar
Tel: 00974 4492763/4492762, Tel: 00974 4389402,
Fax: 00974 4410526 Fax: 00974 6587544
mohd720@hotmail.com tjarook@mmaa.gov.qa
Saudi Arabia
Dr Abdullah Al‐Hindi (NC) Dr Abdullah Al‐Hajoj (TC)
Director General, National In Charge, Pasture Al‐Jouf Center,
Agricultural Center in Riyadh, Ministry of Agriculture, Saudi
Ministry of Agriculture, Saudi Arabia
Arabia Tel: 00966 4 6331348,
Tel: 00966 1 4576884, Fax: 00966 4 6331088
Fax: 00966 1 4584979 alhajoj@hotmail.com
ahindi@moa.gov.sa

Yemen
Dr Khader Atroosh (TC) Dr Khalil Al‐Sharjabi
Head, Southern Coastal Research Socio‐economist, AREA, Yemen
Station, Elkod, Abyan, AREA, Tel: 00967 6 509419,
Yemen Fax: 00967 6 509419
Tel: 00967 2 620511, khalil60@yemen.ye
Fax: 00967 6 519426
kbatroosh@hotmail.com
Eng Amin Al Kirshy
Agriculture Researcher, AREA
Yemen
Tel: 00967 4 200057,
Fax: 00967 4 200059



Annex
ICARDA

Dr Mahmoud El Solh Dr Ir Maarten van Ginkel
Director General, ICARDA DDG, ICARDA
Tel: 00963 21 2213433, Tel: 00963 21 2213433,
Fax: 00963 21 2213490 Fax: 00963 21 2213490
m.solh@cgiar.org m.vanginkel@cgiar.org
Dr Ahmed Eltigani Sidahmed Dr Ahmed Moustafa
Acting Director, DSIPS Program, Regional Coordinator and
ICARDA Protected Agriculture Specialist,
Tel: 00963 21 2213433, ICARDA‐APRP
Fax: 00963 21 2213490 Tel: 00971 4 2957338,
a.sidahmed@cgiar.org Fax: 00971 4 2958216
a.moustafa@cgiar.org
Dr Scott Christiansen Dr Zewdie Bishaw
Executive Assistant to DG Head, Seed Unit Section, ICARDA
ICARDA, Tel: 00963 21 2213433,
Tel: 00963 21 2213433, Fax: 00963 21 2213490
Fax: 00963 21 2213490 z.bishaw@cgiar.org
s.christiansen@cgiar.org

Dr Siham Asaad Mr Abdul Aziz Niane
Head, Seed Health Laboratory Research Associate, Seed Unit
ICARDA Section, ICARDA
Tel: 00963 21 2213433, Tel: 00963 21 2213433,
Fax: 00963 21 2213490 Fax: 00963 21 2213490
s.asaad@cgiar.org a.niane@cgiar.org

Dr Mohamed Abdelwahab Ahmed Dr Mounir Louhaichi
Agricultural Policy Specialist, Range Ecologist, ICARDA
ICARDA Tel: 00963 21 2213433,
Tel: 00963 21 2213433, Fax: 00963 21 2213490
Fax: 00963 21 2213490 m.louhaichi@cgiar.org
m.a.ahmed@cgiar.org

Mr Bilal Humeid Dr Ahmed Mazid
Gene Bank Manager, ICARDA, Agricultural Economist, ICARDA,
Tel: 00963 21 2213433, Tel: 00963 21 2213433,
Fax: 00963 21 2213490 Fax: 00963 21 2213490
b.humeid@cgiar.org a.mazid@cgiar.org
Dr Osman Abdalla El Nour Dr Abdullah Al Shankiti
Bread Wheat Breeder, Soil and water specialists
ICARDA, Consultant,KSA
Tel: 00963 21 2213433, alshanki@yahoo.com
Fax: 00963 21 2213490
o.abdalla@cgiar.org

Eng Arash Nejatian
Activities Coordinator Officer,
ICARDA‐APRP
Tel: 00971 4 2957338,
Fax: 00971 4 2958216
a.nejatian@icarda‐aprp.ae



Annex
2nd Regional Technical Coordination and Regional Steering Committee Meetings of
ICARDAAPRP; 710 December, 2009,
Dubai, UAE
Introduction
The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Arabian Peninsula Regional
Program (APRP) held the 2nd Regional Technical Coordination Meeting (TCM) & Steering Committee Meeting
(SCM) of its project entitled “Technology Transfer to Enhance Rural Livelihoods and Natural Resource
Management in the Arabian Peninsula” at Dubai, United Arab Emirates from 7‐ 10 December, 2009. The main
objective of TCM was to review the progress on collaborative activities and achievements under different
project components based on 2008‐09 work plan in each of Bahrain, Emirates, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi
Arabia and Yemen and to develop mutually agreed work plan for the year 2009/10. The SCM reviewed,
discussed and approved the proposed work plan and budget for the second year (2009/10) of the project. The
Ministry of Water and Environment (MEW), UAE hosted these meetings.
Participants
There were total 45 participants. In addition to two experts from ICARDA Headquarters and four ICARDA‐APRP
professionals, national and technical coordinators along with concerned scientists from each of the seven
countries of the Arabian Peninsula participated in the TCM. All national and technical Coordinators of each
country and ICARDA‐APRP management attended the SCM. Appendix A indicates the list of participants. In the
inaugural session scientists from national, regional and international organizations as well as diplomats were
also present.
Program
TCM was held during 7‐9 December and SCM was held on 10 December, 2009.

Photo 22 - In opening ceremony;(from left) Dr. Mariam Hassan Al Shenasi, Executive Director for Technical
Affairs, MEW and Dr Kamil Shideed, Assistant Director General International Cooperation and Communication,
ICARDA.
a) Opening Session
The meetings were held under the patronage of H.E Minister of Environment and Water, United Arab Emirates
H.E Dr. Rashed Ahmed Bin Fahad. For the opening ceremony Dr. Mariam Hassan Al Shenasi, Executive Director
for Technical Affairs, delivered the opening statement of H.E. the Minister of Environment and Water where
she applauded the ICARDAs’ consistent efforts to sustaining the agricultural production systems in the Arabian
Peninsula (AP) through successful partnerships with the National Agricultural Research and Extension Systems.
Dr Kamil Shideed, Assistant Director General International Cooperation and Communication, ICARDA in his
address thanked the MEW for hosting the AP Regional Program and for the co organization of this meeting. He
also thanked the delegations of AP countries and representatives of national, regional and international
organizations as well as diplomatic community for attending the opening ceremony. On this occasion Dr
Shideed did appreciate the financial support of program donors: the Arab Fund for Economic and Social
Development (AFESD), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the OPEC fund for
International Development (OFID). In his speech, food security and natural resources degradation were
highlighted as major challenges to the world which could be addressed through investment in research for


Annex
development. ICARDA’s various programs on research for development were reviewed by Dr Shideed where
he explained the major interventions being followed by ICARDA to address the global challenges.
Finally, Dr Ahmed T. Moustafa, Regional Coordinator, ICARDA‐APRP made a presentation on ‘ICARDA in the
Arabian Peninsula‐Research Activities and Achievements. Dr Moustafa summarized the ICARDA‐APRP activities
and achievement under three project components: 1) Technology transfer, 2) Adoptive and problem solving
research and 3) capacity building and human resource development.
b) Regional Technical Coordination Meeting (RTCM)
On the opening session Dr Ahmed T. Moustafa, RC‐APRP welcomed the participants and invited heads of the
delegates for their opening statements. They acknowledged in their statements the substantive role of ICARDA
in general and APRP in particular to promoting agricultural research for development in the Arabian Peninsula
and were looking forward to quality presentations on collaborative activities in all AP countries.

Photo 23 - A view of 2nd Regional Technical Coordination Meeting
Country reports on collaborative activities and achievements during 2008‐09 in Bahrain, Emirates, Kuwait and
Oman were presented during the 1st technical session. Dr. Abdullah Al Hindi, Director General, National
Agriculture and Animal Resources Research Center, Saudi Arabia; Dr. Ismail Muharram, Chairman, Agricultural
Research and Extension Authority, Yemen; Dr. Ahmed Al Bakri, Director General, Agricultural and Livestock
Research, Oman and Dr. Abdul Aziz Abdul Karim, Director (acting), Plant Directorate, Bahrain were chairperson
respectively, for each presentation which was followed by open discussions. In the 2nd technical session after
lunch break, three country reports from Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Yemen were presented and each presentation
was respectively presided over by Eng. Mansour Ibrahim Mansour, Director, Directorate of Agricultural
Development UAE; Eng. Abdullah Jasam Al Boainain, Head, Agriculture Research Section, Qatar and Ms.
Salwa Al Oraifan, Director, research and agricultural nurseries, Kuwait.
The 3rd technical session on ‘Future water managing in APRP under emerging global challenges’ was
moderated by Dr. Theib Oweis, Director, Integrated Water and Land Management Program, ICARDA. Dr Oweis
started with a very informative presentation on water productivity and water use efficiency issues in the
Arabian Peninsula where he put forward thought‐provoking questions before the participants for discussions
in respect of the sustainable and productive use of scarce water resources in the region.

Photo 24 - Panel discussions on ‘Future water managing in APRP under emerging global challenges’
The 4th technical session was devoted for program self evaluation using SWOT analysis and was conducted by
Dr. Siham Ibrahim Asaad, Head, ICARDA’s Seed Health Laboratory. Each country delegates evaluated their
collaborative programs’ strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats by using a SWOT analysis
questionnaire.


Annex
In the technical session 5, two working groups met separately, one for water, irrigated forages & rangelands
and, other for water & protected agriculture. Both working groups discussed a proposed work plan for 2009‐10
and finalized country wise activities and physical targets. During the plenary and final session of the day,
outcomes of both working groups were presented and followed by presentations on ‘Capacity building and
general activities under APRP’ and ‘About the World Vegetable Center (AVRDC) & VEGINET’.
General discussions took place at the end of the sessions where a set of recommendations was concluded by
the house.
A field visit was organized on 3rd day. The field visit started with a Buffel grass field in Al Khawanij, Dubai
where the grower and ICARDA as well as MEW experts responded to on the site questions on Buffel grass
cultivation under drip irrigation. This was followed by a visit to a protected agriculture pilot grower (Mr. Al
Naeemi) farm where vegetable production under hydroponics system was taking place. Finally the participants
traveled to Hamranyah Research Station (HRS) where ICARDA‐APRP and station experts held field briefings for
them on the ongoing research activities of hydroponics and irrigated forages. Participants also had received a
presentation on other research activities taking place at HRS by the Head of station, Eng. Ali Hassan Al
Hamoudi. The concluding session of RTCM was held at HRS and was chaired by Dr. Kamil Shideed, Assistant
Director General for International Cooperation and Communication, ICARDA.
Recommendations of RTCM
1. Socio‐economic studies are crucially important. A socio‐economist from the region should be
identified to follow up with the socio‐economic activities in each country;
2. Data collected for the Socio‐economic questionnaires must be checked for data quality;
3. For presentations and reports, data should be reported in the form of tables/graphics and statistically
analyzed wherever applicable;
4. Scientists and researchers should differentiate between reporting for experiments and technology
transfer. A guideline might be needed;
5. International standard units must be followed to present data;
6. Yield must be presented in terms of kg /m2 and/or kg/m3 of water;
7. Technical Coordinators to meet twice a year but this recommendation is subject to discussion and
approval by RSCM.

Photo 25 - During field visit delegates are in discussions with a Buffel grass grower in Al Khawanij

Photo 26 - Visit to a pilot farm of hydroponic system in Ajman


Annex

Photo 27 - The delegates at Hamranyah Research Station to visit ICARDA-APRP
collaborative research activities
c) Regional Steering Committee Meeting RSCM
RSCM was held 10th of December and attended by the National Coordinators and Technical coordinators of the
7 APRP countries. Dr Kamil Shideed, ADG‐ICC chaired the meeting. After adopting the agenda, matters arising
from the previous meeting were discussed one by one. Dr. Ahmed Moustafa, RC‐APRP presented the RTCM
developed work plan for 2009‐10 & recommendations as well as budget for approval. Financial report of the
program was presented and discussed during the meeting. The SC members approved the work plan for 2009‐
10, recommendations and new budget after lengthy discussions. The RSCM ended with a vote of thanks to all
researchers and scientists of the seven (7) AP countries for their good achievements and progress during the
first year of the project. Minutes of the RSCM will be circulated soon.

Photo 28 - The 2nd Steering Committee Meeting in progress
List of participants
2nd ICARDA-APRP RTCM & RSCM, 7-10 December, 2009, Dubai, UAE
Bahrain
Dr. Abdul Aziz Abdul Kareem (NC) Eng. Essam Mustafa Abdel Razak
Director, Plant Wealth Directorate (TC), Head, Farm Operation &
Bahrain Maintenance Section
Tel: 97317‐79‐6699, Bahrain
Fax: 973317‐69‐3386 Tel: 97317‐69‐6729,
ama_mohamed@hotmail.com Fax: 97317‐69‐3784
isammustafa18@hotmail.com
Emirates
Eng. Mansour Ibrahim (NC), Eng. Rashid Khamis Abdullah
Director, Directorate of Agricultural Borshid (TC), Director, Station
Development UAE Experimenta, UAE
Tel: 97142‐02‐6633, Tel: 97192‐44‐3072,
Fax: 97142‐94‐5994 Fax: 97192‐44‐3017
mimansoor@moew.gov.ae rkburshaid@moew.gov.ae
Eng. Ali Hassan Al Hamoudi Eng. Saied Al Bagham
Head, Research Section & Director General Coordinator, Date Palm
of Agriculture Research Station Al Red Weevil,
Hamranyah, UAE UAE
Tel: 9717‐2436381, Tel: 9717‐2436381,
Fax: 9717‐2436382 Fax: 9717‐2436382
ahalhamoudi@moew.gov.ae shalbaghaem@moew.gov.ae


Annex
Dr. Abdul Habib Abdul Sattar Dr. Khader Abou Foul
Specialist, Irrigation & Water Plant Pathologist, Dubai Flower
Resources, UAE Center, UAE
Tel: 9717‐2461666, Tel: 9714‐2163445,
Fax: 9717‐2463335 Fax: 9714‐ 2244617
aamahmouad@moew.gov.ae khabufoul@hotmail.com

Eng. Abdul Rahman Awad Eng. Basel Fouad Mubarak
Senior Agriculture Observer, Assistant Agricultural Engineer,
UAE UAE
Tel: 9717‐2461666, Tel: 9716‐8822822,
Fax: 9717‐2436382 Fax: 9716‐8882277
amawad@moew.gov.ae bfmobarak@moew.gov.ae
Eng. Hamlan Shehada Eng. Mohamed Makkawi
Agricultural Engineer, Agricultural Engineer,
UAE UAE
Tel: 9717‐2461666, Tel: 9716‐8822822,
Fax: 9717‐2463335 Fax: 9716‐8822777
hmshahada@moew.gov.a mamakawi@moew.gov.ae

Eng. Saleh Abdullah Akroot Eng. Rashid AL Hantobi
Head, Agricultural Affairs, Northern Agricultural Engineer,
Region, UAE UAE
Tel: 9717‐2461666, Tel: 9716‐8822822,
Fax: 9717‐2463335 Fax: 9716‐8822777
saakroot@moew.gov.ae raalhantoubi@moew.gov.ae

Kuwait
Ms. Salwa Sultan Al‐Oraifan (NC) Mr. Hamed Ahmad Ali A‐Shatti
Director, Research & Agricultural Biological Researcher
Nurseries , Kuwait Kuwait
Tel: 96522‐25‐3060, Tel: 96522‐25‐3098,
Fax: 9652‐22‐3070 Fax: 96522‐25‐3070
salwa@paaf.gov.kw h.shatti@gmail.com

Ms. Ghadeer Ahmad Al‐Ghalaf, Ms. Amal AbdulKareem Abdullah
Plant Researcher, Agriculture Redha, Specialist Analyst
Analyst, Kuwait Kuwait
Tel: 9652‐22‐3065, Tel: 96522‐25‐3060,
Fax: 96522‐25‐3070 Fax: 96522‐25‐3070
g.algallaf@hotmail.com amal_paafr@yahoo.com
Oman
Dr. Ahmed Nasser Al‐Bakri (NC) Dr. Ali Hussein Al‐Lawati (TC),
DG, Agricultural and Animals Assistant Director, Plant
Research , Oman Production Research, Oman
Tel: 96826‐89‐3855, Tel: 96826‐89‐3915,
Fax: 9682‐68‐3079 Fax: 96826‐89‐3097
albakry98@yahoo.com aallawati@msn.com
Eng. Saleh Ali Said Al‐Hinai Eng. Muthir Saleh Al‐Rawahi
Seeds and Plant Genetic Resources Head of Vegetable research lab
Researcher, Oman Oman
Tel: 96826‐89‐3131, Tel: 96826‐89‐3131,
Fax: 96826‐89‐3097 Fax: 96826‐89‐3097
Saleh120@hotmail.com muthir64@hotamil.com



Annex
Eng. Qais Saif Amer Al Mawaali Eng. Said Mohammed Al‐Adwai
Plant Pathologist Head of Extension of Agriculture
Oman Oman
Tel: 96826‐89‐3917, Tel: 96826‐89‐3917,
Fax: 96826‐89‐3097 Fax: 96826‐84‐0374
almaawaliqais@yahoo.com adwany1977@hotmail.com

Qatar
Mr. Abdulla J. B. Al Buainain (NC), Mr. Muhammad Al Muhannedi
Head, Agriculture Research Section, (TC), Head, Agricultural Extension
Qatar Section, Qatar
Tel: 9744‐49‐2753, Tel: 9744‐49‐2764,
Fax: 97444‐13‐2598 Fax: 9744‐41‐0525
qajmb2006@hotmail.com mohd720@hotmail.com
Dr. Abdul Moneim Mohammed Ali Dr. Nazeer Mohammed Issa
Mokhtar, Expert, IPM, Agriculture Expert, Agricultural Research
Research Section, Qatar Department, Qatar
Tel: 9744‐49‐2752, Tel: 9744‐49‐2751,
Fax: 97444‐13‐2598 Fax: 97444‐13‐2598
ammoktar51@hotmail.com Neasal15@yahoo.com

Saudi Arabia
Dr. Abdullah Ali Al Hindi (NC) Mr. Saud A. Aleyyed (TC)
Director General, National Assistant Director General‐
Agriculture and Animal Resources Technical Affairs
Research Center , Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia
Tel: 96614‐57‐6884, Tel: 96614‐57‐6780,
Fax: 96614‐58‐4979 Fax: 96614‐58‐4979

ahindi@moa.gov.sa aleyyed@yahoo.com

Dr. Abdullah Al‐Hajoj (TC) Mr. Abdulmohsin Abdullah Al‐
Head, Pasture Dept., Al‐Jouf Quriniy
Research Center Agricultural Technician
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia
Tel: 96646‐33‐1348, Tel: 96614‐57‐6780,
Fax: 96646‐33‐1088 Fax: 96614‐58‐4979
alhajio@hotmail.com

Yemen
Dr. Ismail Abdullah Muharram (NC) Eng. Amin Abdo Hassan Al‐Krishi
Chairman – AREA (TC), Technical Director – AREA
Yemen Yemen
Tel: 9676‐42‐3913, Tel: 9676‐42‐3913,
Fax: 9676‐42‐3914 Fax: 9676‐42‐3914
imuharam@gmail.com amink602000@yahoo.com
Eng. Ahmed Salem Bataher Eng. Jamhoriah Al Khader Ahmed
Researcher and Head of Forestry Assistant Research ‐ Forage
and Range Management Section, section, Yemen
Yemen, Tel: 9676‐42‐3913, Tel: 9672‐51‐1753,
Fax: 9675‐40‐3187 Fax: 9672‐51‐1754
asb‐1952@hotmail.com jam‐khader@yahoo.com



Annex
ICARDA
Dr. Kamel Shideed Dr. Ahmed T. Moustafa
ADG, International Cooperation & Regional Coordinator, APRP
Communication, ICARDA ICARDA
Tel: 963‐212213433, Tel: 9714‐2226914,
Fax: 963‐212212490 Fax: 9714‐2226923
k.shideed@cgiar.org a.moustafa@cgiar.org

Dr. Theib Oweis Dr. Abdul Wahid Jasra
Director, Integrated Water & Land Specialist, Forages & Rangeland
Management Program, ICARDA ICARDA ‐ APRP
Tel: 963‐212213433, Tel: 9714‐2226914,
Fax: 963‐212213490 Fax: 9714‐2226923
t.owies@cgiar.org a.jasra@cgiar.org

Dr. Siham Asaad Dr. Abdullah Moustafa Al‐ Shankiti
Head, Seed Health Laboratory Consultant, On Farm Soil & Water
ICARDA, Management , ICARDA ‐ APRP
Tel: 963‐212213433, Tel: 9714‐2226914,
Fax: 963‐212213490 Fax: 9714‐2226923
s.asaad@cgiar.org a.alshankiti@icarda‐aprp.ae

Eng. Arash Nejatian
Activities Coordinator Officer
ICARDA‐ APRP
Tel: 9714‐2226914,
Fax: 9714‐2226923
a.nejatian@icarda‐aprp.ae


Annex
Annex 8- List of participants of specialized training course in Agricultural Extension and Technology
Transfer, Dec 2009

Eng. Mohamed Ahmed Hasson Eng. Ghanem A.GH . Sanad
Agriculture Extension, UAE Director of Agriculture Extension dep.,Kuwait
Tel: 97142958136, Fax: 97142957766 Tel: 96522253077, Fax: 96522253063
mahason@moew.gov.ae ganim@paaf.gov.kw
Eng. Salem Mubarak Ahmed Abdulrahman Eng. Abdulmohsin Abdullh Al-Quriniy

First Agriculture Observer, UAE Agricultural Research Center,
Tel: 97192222712, Fax: 97192229178 Saudi Arabia
salem5222@hotmail.com Tel: 96614576780
Eng. Salim Mohammed Al Hinai Eng. Amin AlAhmer

Head of Agriculture development dept., Oman Food Science and Radiation Measerments,
Tel: 96825689037, Fax: 96825689037 Saqudi Arabia
Tel: 96614576780, Fax:+96614584979
Eng. Abdullah Ali Al Hinai
Agriculture Extension Technician, Oman Eng. Mohamed Ali Al Hindi
Tel: 96825419465, Fax: 9825425257 Head of Extension, Bahrain
Tel: 97317796677, Fax: 97317795185
Eng. Mohammed Ali Al Sadi
Soil Researcher, Qatar Eng. Jaffar Husain Abdul Rasool
Tel: , Fax: 974449720 Extension Techenican, Bahrain
alidoha1970@hotmail.com Tel: 97317796681, Fax: 97317795185
jaffr.husain@agr.gov.bh
Mrs. Nabeela Ibrahim Al-Buloshi
Technician,Kuwait Eng. Ahmed Al-Gaberi
Tel: 96522253009, Fax: 96522253063 Agriculture Extension, Yemen
blooshcho@hotmail.com Tel: 9676423913, Fax: 9676423914
engalgabry2000@yahoo.com
Eng. Ahmed Abdullah Al-Asbahy

Protected Agriculture Specialist, Yemen



‫ملخص تقرير اإلنجازات للفترة من يوليو ‪ 2008‬الي ديسمبر ‪2009‬‬
‫نظم برنامج شبه الجزيرة العربية ‪ -‬إيكاردا خمس حلقات عمل تمھيدية بشأن المشروع الحالى لنقل التكنولوجيا في كل م ن‬
‫اإلم ارات العربي ة المتح دة وس لطنة عم ان وقط ر والكوي ت والمملك ة العربي ة الس عودية حي ث ش ارك اكث ر م ن مائ ة باح ث‬
‫ومرشد زراعي بالتعرف على أھداف المشروع الجديد واألنشطة والمخرجات المتوقعة‪.‬‬
‫المشاركون فى احدى ورش العمل التمھيدية للمشروع‬
‫وقد تكفل البرنامج برعاية أربعة باحثين م ن دول ش به الجزي رة العربي ة لحض ور الم ؤتمر ال دولى لتنمي ة الص حراء ‪IDDC‬‬
‫وال ذى عق د ف ى االس كندرية بجمھوري ة مص ر العربي ة م ن ‪ 7‬ال ى ‪ 10‬ن وفمبر ‪ 2008‬وت م تق ديم ورقت ين بحثيت ين ف ى ھ ذا‬
‫المؤتمر‪.‬‬
‫األيام الحقلية‬
‫حتى ديسمبر ‪ ، 2010‬نظم البرنامج ثالثة أيام حقلية ميدانية فى حقول الم زارعيين للتعري ف بتقني ات الزراع ة ب دون ترب ة‬
‫وتقني ات اإلدارة المتكامل ة لإلنت اج والوقاي ة وذل ك لتش جيع وادخ ال ھ ذه التقني ات للمزارع ي االخ رين‪ .‬وبل غ إجم الي ع دد‬
‫المش اركيين س تة وخمس ين مزارع ا و باحث ا ومرش دا وت م توزي ع نش رات وارش ادات باللغ ة العربي ة عل ى المش اركين‬
‫والمزارعين‪.‬‬
‫يوم حقلى عن الزراعة بدون تربة عند احد المزارعين‬
‫التقييم السنوي لآلثاراالقتصادية و االجتماعية‬
‫ت م تط وير واع داد اس تبيان للدراس ة األقتص ادية واألجتماعي ة وك ذلك مع ايير للدراس ة التأسيس ية وذل ك م ن خ الل حلقت ين‬
‫تدريبيتين في اإلمارات وسلطنة عم ان‪ .‬وق د اكتم ل جم ع البيان ات للدراس ة التأسيس ية ف ي ك ل م ن اإلم ارات وعم ان وقط ر‬
‫والمملكة العربية السعودية واليمن‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪Annual Report 2009‬‬ ‫‪Natural Resource Management in the Arabian Peninsula‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ( 4‬دورة تدريبية متخصصة في مجال اإلرشاد الزراعي ونقل التكنولوجيا‪.‬‬
‫لقطات من الدورةالتدريبية لإلرشاد الزراعى ونقل التكنولوجيا )يمين( والتدريب الحقلى لزراعة علف الليبد بواسطة العقل‬
‫ورش العمل والمؤتمرات اإلقليمية والدولية‬

‫نظم برنامج شبه الجزيرة العربية ‪ -‬إيكاردا األجتم اع األول األقليم ى للتنس يق الفن ى واألجتم اع األقليم ى للمجن ة التوجيھي ة‬
‫في المقر الرئيسي إليكاردا بحلب – سورية في يونيو ‪ .2008‬كما ثم عقد االجتماع الثاني في دبي – دولة األم ارات العربي ة‬
‫المتحدة في ديسمبر ‪.2009‬‬
‫االجتماع االقليمٮي االول للتنسيق الفني واللجنة التوجيھية للمشروع ‪ .‬حلب‪ -‬سوريا‪2008 -‬‬
‫حفل افتتاح االجتماع االقليمي الثانى للتنسيق الفني واللجنة التوجيھية للمشروع‪ .‬دبى‪ -‬االمارات العربية المتحدة ‪ 2009 -‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫نظم الزراعة بدون تربة فى حقول المزارعيين فى كل من االمارات العربية المتحدة وقطر‬
‫األبحاث التطبيقية‬
‫تعزز االنشطة البحثية مواصلة نقل التقنيات وقد تم التركيز على المسائل التالية ‪:‬‬
‫رصد ودراسة وتقييم ‪ 31‬صنفا من حشيشة الليبد فى دول مختلفة من الدول المشاركة‬ ‫•‬
‫أفضل جدولة للري وكمية المياه المستخدمه لحشيشة الليبد في الدول المشاركة‬ ‫•‬
‫رصد وتقييم اصناف الصبار المختلفة كمحصول علفى مروي في الدول المشاركة‬ ‫•‬
‫تطوير نظم الزراعة بدون تربة لزيادة المحصول وتحسين إنتاجية المياه للخضراوات‬ ‫•‬
‫اختبار وتقييم المواد والبيئات المختلفة لنظام الزراعة بدون تربة على أساس توفرھا في األسواق المحلية وخفض‬ ‫•‬
‫تكاليف االنشاء‬
‫دراسة أداء مختلف األصناف تحت نظم إنتاج الزراعة بدون تربة‬ ‫•‬
‫جميع المخرجات والتقارير قام بتقديمھا المنسقين الوطنيي والفنيين م ن ال دول المش اركة خ الل االجتم اع االقليم ى للتنس يق‬
‫الفني الثانى‪ .‬وتم كذلك تقديم مقترحات بحثية للبدء فيھ ا للموس م الق ادم بالتع اون م ع أنظم ة البح وث الزراعي ة الوطني ة ف ي‬
‫الدول المشاركة‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫تجھيز البيت المحمى للزراعة بدون تربة )يمين( واكثار نباتات الصبار قبل نقلھا الى الحقل )يسار(‬
‫التدريب وبناء القدرات الوطنية‬
‫التدريب‬
‫خالل الفت رة المش مولة بھ ذا التقري ر‪ ,‬ت م ت دريب نح و ‪ 40‬باحث ا ومرش دا زراعي ا ش اركوا ف ى ارب ع ورش عم ل ودورات‬
‫تدريبية متخصصة كالتالي‪:‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ورشة التدريب على جمع البيانات وتقييم األثار األقتصادية واألجتماعية؛‬
‫‪ (2‬التدريب على إنشاء وإعداد نظم اإلنتاج للزراعة بدون تربة ؛‬
‫‪ (3‬دورة تدريبية عن انتاج أعالف الليبد؛‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫نقل التكنولوجيا لتحسين سبل المعيشة الريفية وإدارة الموارد الطبيعية‬

‫في شبه الجزيرة العربية‬
‫ملخص تقريراالنجازات للفتره من ) يوليو ‪ 2008‬الى ديسمبر ‪(2009‬‬
‫مقدمة‬
‫ان الجھد المش ترك ب ين إيك اردا ومراك ز البح وث الزراعي ة الوطني ة ف ى دول ش به الجزي رة العربي ة‪ ،‬باإلض افة إل ى ال دعم‬
‫المالي من الصندوق العربي لالنماء االقتصادي واالجتماعي‪ ،‬والصندوق ال دولي للتنمي ة الزراعي ة وص ندوق األوب ك خ الل‬
‫المشروع السابق ) ‪ ,(2006-2000‬قد أدى الى التوصل الى س تة ح زم م ن التقني ات الت ى تھ دف ال ى زي ادة كف اءة اس تخدام‬
‫المياه التى تستخدم إلنتاج المحاصيل النقدية عالية الجودة واألعالف المروية‪.‬‬
‫ويق وم المش روع الح الي ال ذى ب دأ ف ى يولي و ‪ 2008‬وال ذي ي تم تمويل ه م ن قب ل الص ندوق العرب ي لالنم اء االقتص ادي‬
‫واالجتماعي‪ ،‬والصندوق الدولي للتنمية الزراعية وصندوق األوبك للتنمية الدولية على التركيز على نقل التقنيات المس تدامة‬
‫للم زارعين ف ي دول ش به الجزي رة العربي ة‪ .‬ويح وي المش روع بع ض األنش طة البحثي ة المتعلق ه بتبن ى التقني ات المنقول ة‬
‫باالضافة الى بناء القدرات والموارد البشرية والتى ال تزال مسألة التركيز الرئيسية في إطار المشروع‪.‬‬
‫إدخال وتطبيق الحزم التقنية‬
‫استنادا إلى خطة العم ل ‪ 2008/2009‬والت ى يمك ن االط الع عليھ ا ف ى ال رابط )‪، (www.icarda‐aprp.org/RTCM08‬‬
‫فلقد تم اختيار بعض المزارعين على أس اس ع دد م ن المع ايير عل ى النح و ال وارد ف ي وثيق ة المش روع ف ي ك ل دول ه م ن‬
‫الدول المشاركة‪ .‬وقد اصبح مجموع عدد المزارع التجريبية المعتم دة لنق ل النتقني ات الحديث ة اليھ ا وص ل ال ى ‪ 69‬مزرع ة‬
‫بنھاية أكتوبر ‪ .2009‬وباإلضافة إلى ذلك ‪ ،‬وخالل نفس الفترة تم اعادة التأھيل ل ‪ 4‬ھكت ارات م ن المراع ي المت دھورة ف ي‬
‫السعودية واليمن‪ .‬يتم زيارة المزارعين بشكل منتظم من قبل الباحثين والمرشدين فى انظمة البحوث الزراعية الوطنية ف ي‬
‫البلدان المشاركة و إيكاردالتقديم الدعم الفنى والتدريب العملي تلمزارعين والفنيين بالمزرعة‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫الباحثين والمرشدين الوطنين مع خبراء ايكاردا فى زيارة للمزارع التجريبية‬
‫فى الواقع فأن العدد الفعلي للمزارعين الذين تبنوا التقنيات الحديثة أكبر م ن االع داد المس تھدفة لھ ذه الفت رة حي ث ان بع ض‬
‫المزارعين المجاورين‪ ,‬و بعد أن أص بحوا عل ى بين ة م ن فوائ د ھ ذه التقني ات‪ ,‬ب دأت ف ي اعتم اد التقني ات حي ث تق وم انظم ة‬
‫البحوث الوطنية وإيكاردا بتقدم الدعم الفني‪ .‬ففى سلطنة عمان مثال‪ ,‬بلغ إجمالي عدد المزارع المتبنيه لتقنية الزراعة ب دون‬
‫تربة ‪ 75‬مزرعة في ح ين أن أكث ر م ن ‪ 53‬مزارع ة ادخل ت عش بة الليب د ب دال م ن حشيش ة ال رودس ك أعالف مروي ة حت ى‬
‫أكتوبر ‪ 2009‬فى دولة االمارات العربية المتحدة‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫احد الحقول التجربية لحشيشة الليبد فى االمارات العربية المتحدة‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫تقديم‬
‫تقديم‬
‫ھذا ھو التقرير السنوي األول من البرنامج االقليمي لشبه الجزيرة العربية ‪ -‬إيك اردا )‪ (APRP‬مش روع "نق ل التكنولوجي ا‬
‫لتحسين سبل المعيشة الريفية وإدارة الموارد الطبيعية في شبه الجزي رة العربي ة"‪ .‬يخ دم البرن امج البل دان الس بعة ف ي ش به‬
‫الجزيرة العربية وھى )مملكة البحرين و دولة الكويت و دولة قطر و المملكة العربية السعودية وس لطنة عم ان واإلم ارات‬
‫العربية المتحدة والجمھورية اليمنية(‪ .‬يتناول البرنامج ثالثة مواضيع ذات أولوية ‪:‬‬
‫األول‪ :‬اإلدارة الحقلية لمياه الرى‬
‫ثانيا‪ :‬المراعي واألعالف‬
‫ثالثا‪ :‬الزراعة المحمية‬
‫ويھدف المشروع الحالي إلى نقل التقنيات التي تم تطويرھا من خالل المشروع السابق كنتيجة ألنشطة البحوث المش تركة‬
‫بين مراكز البحوث الزراعية الوطنية فى دول البرنامج وإيكاردا‪.‬‬
‫يدار البرنامج االقليمي لش به الجزي رة العربي ة )‪ (APRP‬م ن مكت ب إيك اردا اإلقليم ي ف ي دب ي وب دعم كام ل م ن المرك ز‬
‫الرئيس ي ف ي حل ب ‪ ،‬س وريا‪ .‬باإلض افة إل ى ال دعم الفن ي م ن ووح دات ب رامج البح وث ب المقر الرئيس ي ‪ ،‬ف أن البرن امج‬
‫يوظف بدوام كامال اثنين من العلماء المعينين لخدم ة االقل يم بمق ره ف ي دب ي ‪ .‬لق د ب دأ المش روع ف ي ع ام ‪ 2008‬ب دعم‬
‫م الي م ن الص ندوق العرب ي لالنم اء االقتص ادي واالجتم اعي )الص ندوق العرب ي( ‪ ،‬والص ندوق ال دولي للتنمي ة الزراعي ة‬
‫)إيفاد( وصندوق األوبك للتنمية الدولية )أوفيد(‪.‬‬
‫أن ھذا التقرير ھو عب ارة ع ن تجمي ع للتق ارير الفني ة وأالوراق العلمي ة الخاص ة بالب احثين ف ى مراك ز البح وث الزراعي ة‬
‫الوطنية والتي قدمت في االجتماعات االفنية للتنسيق اإلقليمي )‪ (RTCM‬الذي عقد في دبي فى ‪ 09-07‬ديسمبر ‪ 2009‬مع‬
‫بعض التعديالت التحريرية الالزمة‪.‬‬
‫كذلك تم اضافة ملخص لإلنجازات خالل الموسم يشمل أنشطة البحوث‪ ,‬وبناء القدرات والتدريب‪ ,‬وتكنولوجي ا المعلوم ات‬
‫والشبكات والمطبوعات‪.‬‬
‫ويود البرنامج االقليم ي لش به الجزي رة العربي ة ‪ -‬إيك اردا )‪ (APRP‬أن يتق دم بالش كر لك ل م ن الص ندوق العرب ي لالنم اء‬
‫االقتصادي واالجتماعي )الصندوق العربي(‪ ,‬والصندوق الدولي للتنمي ة الزراعي ة )إيف اد(‪ ,‬وص ندوق أوب ك للتنمي ة الدولي ة‬
‫)اوفيد( على الدعم المالي المقدم لھذا المشروع‪.‬‬
‫جزيل الشكر والتقدير الى اإلدارة والباحثين فى مراكز البحوث الزراعية الوطنية في البلدان المشاركة لجھ ودھم وتف انيھم‬
‫فى عملھم خالل ھذا الموسم وعلى دعمھم للبرنامج‪ .‬كما نتقدم بشكر خاص الى وزارة البيئ ة والمي اه ف ي دول ة اإلم ارات‬
‫العربية المتحدة الستضافتھا مكتب البرنامج االقليمي لشبه الجزيرة العربية ‪ -‬إيكاردا )‪ (APRP‬في دبي‪.‬‬
‫ويعرب البرن امج ع ن تق ديره إلدارة ايك اردا والب احثين واألداري ين ف ى جمي ع األقس ام والب رامج ف ى إيك اردا عل ى دعمھ م‬
‫ومساندتھم لنشاطات البرنامج‪.‬‬
‫أحمد توفيق مصطفى‬
‫المنسق اإلقليمي‬
‫البرنامج االقليمي لشبه الجزيرة العربية ‪ -‬إيكاردا‬
‫‪ ICARDA‐APRP‬‬ ‫‪IV‬‬ ‫‪Technology Transfer to Enhance Rural Livelihoods and ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬المحتويات‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬المحتويات‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪IV‬‬ ‫تقديم‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ملخص إنجازات مشروع شبة الجزيرة العربية للفترة من يوليو ‪ 2008‬الى ديسمبر ‪2009‬‬
‫‪23‬‬ ‫النشاطات البحثية في البحرين‬

‫‪27‬‬ ‫النشاطات البحثية في اإلمارات العربية المتحدة‬
‫‪37‬‬ ‫النشاطات البحثية في الكويت‬
‫‪67‬‬ ‫النشاطات البحثية في عمان‬
‫‪83‬‬ ‫النشاطات البحثية في قطر‬
‫‪89‬‬ ‫النشاطات البحثية في السعودية‬
‫‪99‬‬ ‫النشاطات البحثية في اليمن‬
‫مالحق‬
‫‪111‬‬ ‫قائمة بمزارعى حشيشة الليبد فى دول المشروع حتى ديسمبر ‪2009‬‬ ‫ملحق ‪1‬‬
‫‪112‬‬ ‫قائمة بمزارعى الصبار فى دول المشروع حتى ديسمبر ‪2009‬‬ ‫ملحق ‪2‬‬
‫‪112‬‬ ‫قائمة بمزارعى برنامج اإلنتاج والمكافحة المتكاملة حتى ديسمبر ‪2009‬‬ ‫ملحق ‪3‬‬
‫‪113‬‬ ‫قائمة مزارعى ) الھيدروبونيكس( الزراعة بدون تربة حتى ديسمبر ‪2009‬‬ ‫ملحق ‪4‬‬
‫قائمة بأسماء المشاركين فى الورشة التدريبية الخاصة بجمع المعلومات وتقييم اآلثاراالقتصادية ‪113‬‬ ‫ملحق ‪5‬‬
‫‪113‬‬ ‫قائمة بأسماء المشاركين فى التدريب الحقلى إلنشاء نظام الزراعة بدون تربة‬ ‫ملحق ‪6‬‬
‫‪114‬‬ ‫تقرير وقائمة بالمشاركين فى اإلجتماعات اإلقليمية السنوية للجنة التوجيھية والفنية‬ ‫ملحق ‪7‬‬
‫‪124‬‬ ‫قائمة بأسماء المشاركين فى التدريب المتخصص فى اإلرشاد الزراعى ونقل التقنيات‬ ‫ملحق ‪8‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ICARDA‐APRP‬‬ ‫‪III‬‬ ‫‪Technology Transfer to Enhance Rural Livelihoods and ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫تشجع إيكاردا علي استخدام مواد ھذه المطبوعة ألغراض غير تجارية بعد التنوية إلي المصدر‬
‫تنوية‬
‫إيكاردا – البرنامج اإلقليمي لشبه الجزيرة العربية ‪ . 2010‬نقل التقنيات لتحسين مستوي المعيش ة الريفي ة‬
‫و إدارة الم وارد الطبيعي ة ف ي ش به الجزي رة العربي ة‪ .‬التقري ر الس نوي ‪ .2009‬دب ي ‪ ,‬االم ارات العربي ة‬
‫المتحدة ‪IV+124 .‬‬
‫المركز الدولي للبحوث الزراعية فى المناطق الجافة )إيكاردا(‬

‫ص ‪ .‬ب ‪ – 5466‬حلب – سوريا‬
‫تليفون ‪+963-21-2213433,2225112,2225012 :‬‬
‫بريد إلكترونى ‪ICARDA@cgiar.org :‬‬
‫‪http://www.icarda.org‬‬
‫إيكاردا – برنامج شبه الجزيرة العربية‬

‫ص ‪ .‬ب ‪ – 13979‬دبى – اإلمارات العربية المتحدة‬
‫تليفون ‪+971 - 4 -2226914 :‬‬
‫فاكس ‪+971-4-2226923 :‬‬
‫بريد إلكترونى ‪:‬‬
‫‪icdub@eim.ae‬‬
‫‪http://www.icarda.org/aprp‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫نقل التقنيات لتحسين مستوي المعيشة‬

‫الريفية وإدارة الموارد الطبيعية في‬
‫شبه الجزيرة العربية‬
‫التقرير السنوي‬
‫‪2008/2009‬‬
‫المركز الدولي للبحوث الزراعية في المناطق الجافة )ايكاردا(‬

‫البرنامج اإلقليمي لشبه الجزيرة العربية‬
‫‪ ‬‬

Aprp2008 09

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Aprp2008 09

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Technology Transfer to Enhance Rural Livelihoods and

Natural Resource Management in

International Center for Agricutural

ICARDA‐APRP III Technology Transfer to Enhance Rural Livelihoods and

I-Water resource management

A summary of achievements during the reported season is presented to include research

Figure 1- Cumulative number of Buffel growers in UAE from 2003 to 2009

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

1.5. Rehabilitation of Rangeland through Proper Management Techniques, Water Harvesting,

Abdullah Bin Ali Alvardi ‐ Abdullah Bin Ali Alvardi ‐ Soud Al Rawahi ‐ Cucumber

154 145 143 142

1st season 2nd season 3rd season 4th season

1.8. Feed backs from growers after adopting the

2. Problem-solving Research and Impact Assessment

2.1. Enhanced the capacity of NARS for Adaptive/problem solving research

2.1.1.Establishment of soilless production systems in UAE;

GH # growing Growing canal material plant Planting Plant Density

Soil 9.75 Soilless HRS

1.9 2.4 2.8 3.6

Figure 5 - Weekly Production from Soil and Soilless

Figure 6- Water productivity in soilless and soil production system, UAE

soil soilless (Block) soilless (plastic) Soilless Ditch

convntional soil Al Wafra Al Rabiya

35.12 33.32 INX1512

Perlite pure Hydroponics Peat moss

Downy mildew Spider leaf miners Root rot Total

were discussed among ICARDA scientists and the Project

3. Training courses, workshops and capacity building

3.1. Training Courses, Workshops & Expert Consultation Meetings

3.1.2. Introductory workshops on APRP Technology Transfer project

3.1.3. Training workshop on data collection and impact assessment

3.1.5. On the job training course on production of indigenous forages

3.1.7. Specialized training course in Agricultural Extension and Technology Transfer

Selection of Pilot Farms

List of material for each grower (U$)

‫تقنية الزراعة بدون تربة ‪ Hydroponics‬‬

‫لماذا الزراعة بدون تربة‬

‫نظم الزراعة بدون تربة‬

‫طريقة تطبيق تقنية الزراعة بدون تربة والمواد المستعملة‬

‫طريقة العمل والمواد المستعملة‬

‫‪ ICARDA‐APRP‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪Technology Transfer to Enhance Rural Livelihoods and ‬‬

‫ثانيا ً‪ :‬عمل الميل إلى منتصف البيت وتثبيت الطابوق‬

‫ثالثا ً‪ :‬عمل الميل من منتصف البيت إلى خزان الري والتسميد‬

‫‪ ICARDA‐APRP‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪Technology Transfer to Enhance Rural Livelihoods and ‬‬

‫‪ ICARDA‐APRP‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪Technology Transfer to Enhance Rural Livelihoods and ‬‬

‫اإلنتاج كغم‪/‬بيت‪ ‬‬ ‫مساحة البيت‪ ‬‬ ‫المحصول‪ ‬‬ ‫الموقع‪ ‬‬ ‫المنطقة‪ ‬‬ ‫م‪ ‬‬

‫ومن عيوب تطبيق ھذه التقنية‬

‫‪ ICARDA‐APRP‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫‪Technology Transfer to Enhance Rural Livelihoods and ‬‬

Crude protein concentration in herbage

Seed production activity

The transfer of technology

Materials and methods

Results and discussion

‫‪Traditional method‬‬ ‫‪Al Wafra‬‬ ‫‪Al Rabiya‬‬

‫من أھم مميزاتھا‬

‫‪ ICARDA‐APRP‬‬ ‫‪39‬‬ ‫‪Technology Transfer to Enhance Rural Livelihoods and ‬‬

‫‪ ICARDA‐APRP‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪Technology Transfer to Enhance Rural Livelihoods and ‬‬

‫رابعا ً‪ :‬المكافحة و رش المبيدات‬

‫خامسا‪ :‬طرق العناية‬

‫تخطيط األعمدة التالي يوضح النتائج‪ :‬‬

‫‪ ICARDA‐APRP‬‬ ‫‪41‬‬ ‫‪Technology Transfer to Enhance Rural Livelihoods and ‬‬

‫الجدول التالي يوضح معدل اإلنتاج‪ :‬‬