PROPOSED SLUMS DEVELOPMENT

Slums form and grow in different parts of the world for many different reasons. A slum is
a highly populated urban residential area consisting mostly of closely packed, decrepit housing
units in a situation of incomplete infrastructure, inhabited primarily by impoverished persons.
Most slums lack reliable sanitation services, supply of clean water, reliable electricity, law
enforcement and other basic services.

A lot of illegal settlers can’t afford to have a house and has difficulty in sustaining their
basic needs to live. Main problems of the government are that squatter communities along water
tributaries are considered danger zones because they cause clogging of critical waterways which
can later on lead to floods and other catastrophes. Moreover, poor access of fire trucks to squatter
areas poses great risks to entire illegal settlers as fire fighters are practically helpless in
combating fires in these areas due to lack of space and the community is over-crowded.

There are factors that can help in decreasing numbers of illegal settlers. With
determination, commitment and community involvement, squatting can be prevented, especially
in areas considered danger zones by government authorities. Full implementation of housing
rules and laws is a must and need to be given attention by the barangay officials, utility
companies and community members. Local barangays must monitor the census of illegal settlers
and their way of living.

In implementing the proposed housing for slums development in urban areas, illegal
settlers can be decreased and this housing can help improve their way of living. Illegal settlers
can have easy access to their basic needs such as their supply of water, food and electricity.
Vernacular approach in order to house thousands of illegal settlers with the use of materials
which are made here in the Philippines such as bamboos, wood, stone, rammed earth, clay
bricks, etc. The relocation community goals revolve around and urban society’s desire for
economic equity and social and environmental sustainability. This also enables advancement in
various aspects of communities, land utilization, labor production, diet and nourishment along
with food production and its associated economic benefits. The overall mission of relocating
illegal settlers is to create civic oriented values and unify a dislocated community.
Review of Related Literature
Accelerating Infrastructure Development
Housing
Assessment, Issues and Challenges

The National Urban Development and Housing Framework (NUDHF) 2009- 2016 finds the
housing problem to be serious and is a largely urban phenomenon. The magnitude of housing
need, defined as the housing backlog plus new households, is enormous and is estimated to reach
about 5.8 million housing units in 2016 (Chapter on Social Development). In Metro Manila, the
total backlog has been projected to reach 496,928 housing units. Innovative and high-density
housing strategies are required if the housing deficit is to be effectively addressed.

Beyond the public sector providing housing and the auxiliary services, new approaches are
needed in the face of continuing rural-urban migration that is bound to exacerbate the housing
problem. The affordability of and access to government housing programs by the poor will also
continue to pose a major challenge in the near future.

Strategic Plan and Focus

The housing sector is guided by the theme: Gaganda ang buhay kung may bahay at hanap-buhay
(Life will improve with housing and livelihood.) The vision is to provide a holistic framework of
a home and eventually a harmonious community through provision of housing infrastructure,
integration of basic services, and implementation of appropriate housing/construction standards.
It targets the provision of some 1.47 million housing units for the Plan period 2011- 2016.

To address the housing needs and gaps in basic services, especially for the poor and
marginalized:

a. Accelerate mass housing programs with alternative housing technologies, schemes and
approaches to ensure decent and affordable homes. In relation to this, the following will
also be undertaken:
 Employ labor-intensive method in the implementation of housing projects
wherever feasible to generate employment in the beneficiary communities;
  Develop and implement the appropriate standards in the construction of the
housing units to incorporate DRRM and CCA;
 Explore vertical expansion in the construction of housing units taking into
consideration the basic geographical location, soil quality and other
environmental considerations; and
 Explore the use of indigenous and recyclable materials as environment-friendly
alternatives to reduce cost in building houses.

b. Integrate basic infrastructure support to resettlement sites and emerging regional

sustainable communities, such as provision of potable water, safe and sufficient
electricity, access roads to the nearest commercial centers, and ICT, among others;
c. Ensure that all government infrastructure projects integrate the relocation and
resettlement requirements of affected families into their plans and costing in
collaboration with other concerned agencies;
d. Develop a financing framework for relocation and resettlement, including workable PPP
schemes for socialized housing development; and
e. Support LGUs efforts to develop a system of land inventory to better identify areas for
urban growth and planned areas for human settlements through their Comprehensive
Land Use Plans (CLUPs).

Social Development

Housing and Urban Development

Assessment and Challenges

The government provided housing tenure assistance through the following reform measures: (a)
loan interest-rate reductions that brought down the lowest socialized housing package to 3
percent per annum; (b) extension of payment terms for all housing loans from 25 up to 30 years;
(c) reduction of loan requirements from 15 to eight; and (d) reduction of loan processing time
from three months to seven working days for developer accounts with buy-back guarantee, and
30 days for retail and developer accounts without buy-back guarantee.
The housing sector, however, confronts the following key challenges:

Strained basic shelter, and urban services and fiscal constraints

Government shelter strategies are focused on increasing housing production either by direct
provision of housing units/loans or by giving incentives to developers who cater mainly to the
formal sector and the middle/ highincome households. These approaches do not address the
fundamental issues of land supply constraints and financing weak institutional mechanisms in
housing construction and the financial environment, and unclear focus on poverty reduction
(Ballesteros, 2010).

The HGC must be strengthened through equity infusion from the government to establish a
stronger guaranty system that will encourage the funding of socialized and low cost housing
projects by the private sector and housing developers. Funds for housing can be secured and
sustained, only if there is a viable system of guarantees for both the government and private
financial institutions that cater to the funding requirements of housing production and end-user
financing. The HGC can guaranty loans granted by financial institutions and developers for
housing up to 20 times its net worth.

Strategies

Housing and Urban Development

Government shall pursue the following reforms to scale up and sustain slum upgrading: (a)
supporting other forms or modalities of security of tenure such as usufruct and lease rights; (b)
developing PPPs for onsite upgrading and resettlement; (c) stimulating housing micro finance for
end-user financing; and (d) strengthening community partnerships and stakeholdership through
capacity development. Through the PPPs, urban renewal shall also be promoted for sustainable
urban development, to ensure balanced provision of revitalized infrastructure that would support
social sectors, including socialized housing.

LGUs shall lead the efforts in shelter planning, since housing and human settlements will be
localized in terms of identifying solutions and programming. Thus, LGUs shall develop a land
inventory system to identify areas for urban growth and planned areas for human settlements
through their Comprehensive Land Use Plans (CLUPs).

Building capacity for effective urban planning systems, data management, and disaster risk
management especially among the LGUs shall be established . The following policies and
strategies shall be pursued:

Housing

1. Create alternative funds and mobilize resources, to spur housing production through the
revival of the SSS, GSIS and GFIs’ contribution in the housing sector pool; reinstate the
entitlements of the housing sector under the Comprehensive and Integrated Shelter
Finance Act (RA 7835); involve rural banks, cooperatives and microfinance institutions
in implementing a housing micro-finance program, catering to the marginalized sector
and rural homebuyers; and develop an effective and viable secondary mortgage market
and rationalization of the guarantee system;
2. Build strong partnerships with LGUs to accelerate housing production through land use
and local shelter planning, land inventory and creation of Local Housing Boards (LHB);
re-channel development funds to LGUs for housing projects for their constituents; and set
aside lands forsocialized housing in accordance with the Urban Development and
Housing Act (RA 7279);
3. Engage NGOs (e.g., Gawad Kalinga, Habitat for Humanity, ABS-CBN Foundation) and
the private sector in building and scaling up socialized housing projects;
4. Promote the use of “green” technology and materials in housing construction and in
building “disaster resilient homes”; and
5. Develop a strong, cohesive and responsive shelter team (e.g., key shelter agencies and
stakeholders) to bring significant changes and institutional reforms, including simplifying
loan application processing for development and homebuyer’s loans, and reducing red
tape in the issuance of land titles and housing and development permits, at the national
and local levels; and ensure transparency and good governance in the housing sector
Urban Development

1. Formulate an action plan implementing the National Urban Development and Housing
Framework (NUDHF) 2009-2016, to achieve urban competitiveness and sustainability,
housing affordability, poverty alleviation, and effective and performance-oriented
governance through a participatory process; and
2. Prioritize slum improvement under a policy of maximum retention and minimum
dislocation; and vigorously implement the National Slum Upgrading Strategy through a
National Slum Improvement Action Plan for 2011-2016 that comprise specific targets,
programs and activities to provide secured tenure to urban informal settlers, especially
those in danger areas.

http://www.hudcc.gov.ph/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/document/PHILIPPINE%20D
EVELOPMENT%20PLAN.pdf
Planned Unit Development

Planned Unit Development (PUD) is a tool municipalities use to encourage or require flexibility,
creativity, and innovation in the planning and design of development to achieve a variety of
objectives. The PUD concept emerged in the 1960s as a means to accommodate the planning and
development of “new communities” that included a variety of uses, densities, and building styles.
Zoning at the time typically featured single uses at uniform densities, and subdivision regulations
resulted in the creation of large numbers of identical lots. The variety and interest envisioned for
new, planned communities did not fit well within conventional zoning and subdivision
regulations. Under the PUD concept, a municipality can provide for planned development that
incorporates a variety of uses, including a mix of housing types, such as garden apartments,
townhouses, and single-family homes, as well as other uses that might not otherwise be allowed
under zoning. PUDs can also be used to encourage or require clustered development and are
increasingly used in more rural settings to protect farmland and open space.

Application Chapter 117 (§4417) encourages the adoption and use of PUD provisions under
local zoning and subdivision regulations for a variety of purposes, for example to promote:

• compact, pedestrian-oriented, mixed-use development, especially in downtowns, villages,

and new town centers;

• affordable housing;

• open space preservation and project compatibility with surrounding rural lands;

• flexibility in lot layout and site design, including the placement and design of buildings,
parking and circulation, open areas, and related design considerations that will “best achieve
the goals of the area as articulated in the municipal plan and bylaws” for a particular site and
its surroundings;

• the efficient use of public facilities and infrastructure; and • energy-efficient forms of
development.

.Mixed-use PUDs. Perhaps the most common use of PUDs is to promote, or require, an
integrated mix of residential and nonresidential uses at moderate to higher densities of
development, as are found in traditional town and village centers, new town centers, and other
designated growth centers.

the municipal plan, the standards for mixed-use PUDs may emphasize the appropriate mix of
uses, such as the siting, orientation, and design of buildings to ensure some privacy for
residential uses and to create welldefined streetscapes and public spaces that incorporate
pedestrian amenities, public transit facilities, and on- and off-street parking.

Under Chapter 117, PUD regulations must include the following:

• A statement of purpose, in conformance with the purposes of the municipal plan and
regulations. • Review process(es), to be used in reviewing the planned unit development,
which may include conditional use review, subdivision review, or both, as specified in the
regulations. The timing and sequence of applicable reviews also must be specified in the
regulations.

• Application Requirements, including design specifications as included or referenced in the

regulations.

• Standards for the review of proposed planned unit developments, which may vary the
intensity or density of development under the regulations with respect to site location and
physical characteristics; the proposed type, design, and use of lots and structures; and the
amount, location, and proposed use of open space. Standards must also cover required public
and nonpublic improvements and incorporate adopted impact fee ordinances by reference.
The phasing of development also may be required in accordance with municipal plan policies
and an adopted capital budget and program.

Considerations

Statutory Provisions. PUD provisions can be used to encourage—or require—certain types of

development, based on goals and objectives in the municipal plan. These can range from
affordable housing to certain forms of development such as transit-oriented or traditional
neighborhood design. The regulations must clearly spell out standards regarding these objectives.
Incentives. PUD provisions are often intended to convey benefits to developers in the form of
higher densities, lower development costs, and reduced infrastructure costs. However, those
benefits must be balanced by some public benefit that achieves goals or objectives set forth in the
municipal plan. The regulations should make it very clear what must be provided to qualify as a
PUD before benefits can be realized.

Impacts. PUDs often, by their nature, are larger than other developments in a community and
may generate substantial demands on public facilities such as roads, schools, libraries, water and
sewer systems, public safety facilities, and parks.

Pros & Cons of Planned Unit Development

Convenience and Amenities

Living in a PUD can allow homeowners convenient access to shops, restaurants and other
commercial buildings while staying inside the development. In addition, PUDs provide amenities
that would not be possible due to cost in regular subdivisions, according to
OnlineHomePreview.com. These amenities are paid for by association dues and are only
available to homeowners in the community, so access to them can be easier. Amenities include
parks, activity buildings, pools, workout facilities and tennis courts. Another amenity commonly
found in planned unit developments is a gate around the community which provides security to
homeowners.

Maintenance

An additional planned unit development advantage is that the community takes care of all
common area maintenance. Regular and uniform upkeep of landscaping and other common areas
enhances the appearance of the property and community and maintains property values. Some
communities even maintain house exteriors and front and back yards, which further reduces the
amount of owner maintenance required compared to homes in non-planned unit developments,
according to HGTV FrontDoor. Moreover, this maintenance protects property values from
homeowner neglect.
Restrictions

A major master planned community con is that homeowners have certain guidelines
pertaining to the exterior of the property, parking, pet ownership and property usage matters that
must be followed. While homeowners own title to their dwelling and lot, they lose autonomy and
freedom to change or use their properties any way they choose, according to
OnlineHomePreview.com. Restrictions in PUDs meant to enforce uniformity can strip away any
character or personal feel to the community.

Density

Since planned unit developments are designed to maximize use of the land, homes are
often closer together than in traditional subdivisions. A higher density of people living on
smaller lots means less privacy for homeowners, according to OnlineHomePreview.com.
Although this density can make a planned community safer, it can also make the development
and its common amenities more crowded and create more traffic.

Financial Considerations

Even though association dues in a PUD can provide amenities and maintenance, they are
an added expense for homeowners. Depending on the amount and what the dues cover, this can
be either a PUD con or pro. In some cases, the fees for these services are higher in a planned unit
development than in a regular subdivision, according to HGTV FrontDoor. Failure to pay
association dues can result in late fees, liens and even foreclosure.

http://vpic.info/Publications/Reports/Implementation/PlannedUnitDevelopment.pdf

https://homeguides.sfgate.com/pros-cons-planned-unit-development-2995.html
RA 7279 URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND HOUSING ACT OF 1992

ARTICLE VII : URBAN RENEWAL AND RESETTLEMENT

SEC. 27.Action Against Professional Squatters and Squatting Syndicates. - The Local
Government Units (LGU), in cooperation with the PNP, PCUP, and PCUP- accreditedurban poor
organizations in the area, shall adopt measures to identify and effectively curtail the nefarious
and illegal activities of professional squatters and squatting syndicates, as herein defined { (in
Art.1 sec 3 par (m) and (s)}.

Any person or group identified as such shall be summarily evicted and their dwellings or
structures demolished, and shall be disqualified from availing the benefits of the program. A
public official who tolerates or abets the commission of the abovementioned acts shall be dealt
with in accordance with existing laws.

SEC 28.Eviction and Demolition.– Eviction or demolition, as a practice, shall be discouraged.

Eviction or demolition, however, may be allowed under the following situations:

a) When persons or entities occupy danger areas such as esteros, railroad tracks, garbage
dumps, riverbanks, shorelines, waterways, and other public places such as sidewalks,
roads, parks, and playgrounds;
b) When government infrastructure projects with available funding are about to be
implemented; or
c) When there is a court order for eviction and demolition.

SEC. 30.Prohibition Against New Illegal Structures. - It shall be unlawful for any person to
construct any structure in areas mentioned in the preceding section (refer to Sec 28 [a]).

After the effectivity of this Act, the barangay, municipal or city government units shall prevent
the construction of any kind of illegal dwelling units or structures within their respective
localities. The head of any local government unit concerned, who allows, abets or otherwise
tolerates the construction of any structure in violation of this section shall be liable for
administrative sanction(s) under existing laws and for penal sanction(s) provided for in this Act.

http://www.hudcc.gov.ph/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/document/Primer.pdf
Barangay Ilang housing project to serve as model for poverty reduction program

DAVAO CITY,Aug. 22 (PIA)- A novel housing program instituted by Barangay Ilang located in
Davao City will be the model of a poverty reduction program thru socialized housing.

Pagasa Homeowners Association is a 2-hectare resettlement project where 129 informal settlers
once living along waterways were relocated.

The community, an initiative of Barangay Ilang was realized with the convergence of
government agencies and private companies such as Holcim which provided the land, materials
and training for construction workers beneficiaries. Pitching in to assist is the Department of
Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), City Social Services Development Office.

Each of the 129 two-storey houses are located on a 60-square meter lot, each home has a floor
are of 50 square meters and comes with two-bedrooms and a comfort room. As their counterpart
the houses were build by the beneficiaries themselves.

Arnulfo Cabling, president of the Social Housing Finance Corporation said the housing project in
Ilang will be replicated as they are introducing reforms in the SHFC.

“Our shelter solution is flexible shelter solution, we will adjust to the needs of the community.”
Cabling said.

He added that this is the only socialized housing project in the country which is spearheaded by
the barangay with the assistance of the DSWD.

Cabling who was a City Councilor and a barangay captain of Ilang before becoming president of
SHFC visited the place together with Presidential Communications Operations Office (PCOO)
Undersecretary Lorraine Badoy.

The housing project is part of Biyaya ng Pagbabago, a poverty reduction convergence scheme
which aims to lower poverty incidence from 21.6% down to 14% by 2022.

https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1011796.amp
References:

HUDCC. (n.d.). “Accelerating Infrastructure Development”, Retrieved from

http://www.hudcc.gov.ph/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/document/PHILIPPINE%20D
EVELOPMENT%20PLAN.pdf

“Planned Unit Development”, Retrived from

http://vpic.info/Publications/Reports/Implementation/PlannedUnitDevelopment.pdf

https://homeguides.sfgate.com/pros-cons-planned-unit-development-2995.html

HUDCC. (2014). “RA 7279 Urban Development and Housing Act of 1992

Article VII : Urban Renewal and Resettlement“, Retrived from

http://www.hudcc.gov.ph/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/document/Primer.pdf

Alama, R. (2018). “Barangay Ilang housing project to serve as model for poverty reduction
program”. Retrieved from

https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1011796.amp