Chapter 1-2-3

1. What is buoyant force? What causes it? What is the magnitude of the buoyant force acting on a
submerged body whose volume is V? What are the direction and the line of action of the buoyant
force?
2. Consider two identical spherical balls submerged in water at different depths. Will the buoyant
forces acting on these two balls be the same or different? Explain.
3. Consider two 5-cm-diameter spherical balls—one made of aluminum, the other of iron—submerged
in water. Will the buoyant forces acting on these two balls be the same or different? Explain.
4. A 0.6-mm-diameter glass tube is inserted into water at 20°C in a cup. Determine the capillary rise of
water in the tube (Fig. 2).

5. Consider a 3-kg copper cube and a 3-kg copper ball submerged in a liquid. Will the buoyant forces
acting on these two bodies be the same or different? Explain.
6. A heavy car plunges into a lake during an accident and lands at the bottom of the lake on its wheels
(Fig. ). The door is 1.2 m high and 1 m wide, and the top edge of the door is 8 m below the free
surface of the water. Determine the hydrostatic force on the door and the location of the pressure
center, and discuss if the driver can open the door.

7. A long solid cylinder of radius 0.8 m hinged at point A is used as an automatic gate, as shown in Fig.
3–36. When the water level reaches 5 m, the gate opens by turning about the hinge at point A.
Determine (a) the hydrostatic force acting on the cylinder and its line of action when the gate opens
and (b) the weight of the cylinder per m length of the cylinder.

8. A circular plate of 3.0m diameter is immersed in water in such a way that its greatest and least
depth below the free surface are 4m and 1.5m respectively. Determine the total pressure on
one face of the plate and position of the center of pressure. (4 Marks)
 9. The absolute pressure in water at a depth of 9 m is read to be 185kPa. Determine (a) the local
atmospheric pressure, and (b) the absolute pressure at a depth of 5 m in a liquid whose specific gravity
is 0.85 at the same location.

10. The hydraulic lift in a car repair shop has an output diameter of 30 cm and is to lift cars up to 2000 kg.
Determine the fluid gage pressure that must be maintained in the reservoir.

11. Both a gage and a manometer are attached to a gas tank to measure its pressure. If the reading on the
pressure gage is 80 kPa, determine the distance between the two fluid levels of the manometer if the
fluid is (a) mercury (13,600 kg/m3) or (b) water (1000 kg/m3).

1. Consider a U-tube whose arms are open to the atmosphere. Now water is poured into the U-tube
from one arm, and light oil (790 kg/m3) from the other. One arm contains 70-cm-high water, while
the other arm contains both fluids with an oil-to-water height ratio of 4. Determine the height of each
fluid in that arm.

2. Freshwater and seawater flowing in parallel horizontal pipelines are connected to each other by a
double U-tube manometer, as shown in Fig. Determine the pressure difference between the two
pipelines. Take the density of seawater at that location to be 1035 kg/m3. Can the air column be
ignored in the analysis?

Chapter 5-6-7

1. Consider fully developed laminar flow in a circular pipe. If the viscosity of the fluid is reduced by
half by heating while the flow rate is held constant, how will the head loss change?
2. How is head loss related to pressure loss? For a given fluid, explain how you would convert head
 loss to pressure loss.
3. Consider laminar flow of air in a circular pipe with perfectly smooth surfaces. Do you think the
friction factor for this flow will be zero? Explain.
4. Oil with a density of 850 kg/m3 and kinematic viscosity of 0.00062 m2/s is being discharged by a 5-
mm-diameter, 40-m-long horizontal pipe from a storage tank open to the atmosphere. The height of
the liquid level above the center of the pipe is 3 m. Disregarding the minor losses, determine the
flow rate of oil through the pipe.

5. Water at 15°C (density= 999.1 kg/m3 and dynamic viscosity= 1.138x103 kg/m·s) is flowing steadily
in a 30-m-long and 4-cm-diameter horizontal pipe made of stainless steel at a rate of 8 L/s.
Determine (a) the pressure drop, (b) the head loss, and (c) the pumping power requirement to
overcome this pressure drop

6. In fully developed laminar flow in a circular pipe, the velocity at R/2 (midway between the wall
surface and the centerline) is measured to be 6 m/s. Determine the velocity at the center of the pipe.

7. What are the primary considerations when selecting a flowmeter to measure the flow rate of a fluid?

8. What is Moody diagram? How will you find the friction factor for a smooth pipe using Moody
diagram?

9. Refer the Moody diagram and find out the

friction factor for Reynolds no 0.424x106
For a smooth pipe?
10. The pipe flow in Fig. is driven by pressurized air in the tank. What gage pressure p1 is needed to
provide a 20°C water flow rate Q= 60 m3/h?

1. A Pitot-static probe is used to measure the velocity of an aircraft flying at 3000 m. If the differential
pressure reading is 3 kPa, determine the velocity of the aircraft.

2. Water is flowing from a hose attached to a water main at 400 kPa gage (Fig. ). A child places his
thumb to cover most of the hose outlet, causing a thin jet of high-speed water to emerge. If the hose
is held upward, what is the maximum height that the jet could achieve?

3. A large tank open to the atmosphere is filled with water to a height of 5 m from the outlet tap (Fig).
A tap near the bottom of the tank is now opened, and water flows out from the smooth and rounded
outlet. Determine the water velocity at the outlet.

4. A piezometer and a Pitot tube are tapped into a horizontal water pipe, as shown in Fig. to measure
static and stagnation (static ' dynamic) pressures. For the indicated water column heights, determine
the velocity at the center of the pipe.
5. The pump of a water distribution system is powered by a 15-kW electric motor whose efficiency is
90 percent (Fig.). The water flow rate through the pump is 50 L/s. The diameters of the inlet and
outlet pipes are the same, and the elevation difference across the pump is negligible. If the pressures
at the inlet and outlet of the pump are measured to be 100 kPa and 300 kPa (absolute), respectively,
determine (a) the mechanical efficiency of the pump and (b) the temperature rise of water as it flows
through the pump due to the mechanical inefficiency