Introductory Information of Ṡripati in

Mathematical Science
International Colloquium on

History of Mathematical Sciences and Symposium on Nonlinear Analysis

Almora May 16-19, 2011

-S.R.Pant1, E.R.Acharya2 (er_acharya@yahoo.com)

Abstract

Ṡripati was the most prominent mathematicians of the 11th Century born in; Rohinikhanda of
Bharatvarsh. Among Sripati's works are: Dhikotidakarana written in 1039, a work of twenty verses on
solar and lunar eclipses; Dhruvamanasa written in 1056, a work of 105 verses on calculating planetary
longitudes, eclipses and planetary transits. Siddhantasekhara a major work on astronomy, Ganitatilaka
an incomplete arithmetical treatise. Ṡripati wrote a commentary on this work in Marathi and it is one of
the oldest works to have survived that is written in that languagei.

Key Words

Ṡripati, Prominent, Rohinikhanda, Dhikotidakarana, Dhruvamanasa, Siddhantasekhara, Ganitatilaka,

planetary.

Objectives

 To discuss the Contribution of Ṡripati in Mathematical sciences Specially in Astronomy.

1
Professor & Former Head (Central Department of Mathematics-TRibhuvan University )
2
Ph.D. Research Scholar, Research Centre, Nepal Sanskrit University, Nepal

1
  To explore the relationship of the continent /countries through mathematical activities ancient to
modern.

 To explore the research on Ṡripati & Rohinikhanda

Family Background

There was no unanimity on the birth of Ṡripati. Panta (1973: 9), cited that Mishra (1932:7) Ṡripati was
residence in Shakabda 950 (B.S 1085) Bharatvarsa; Rohinikhanda. In the time of 11th century, there
were no demarcations the countries. So Ṡripati concern his birth place as ‘Rohinikhanda’. His father was
Naga Deva Bhatta and grandfather was Keshava Deva Bhatta, although Ṡripati’s last name or title name
was not mention. According to Babuaji Mishra, Ṡripati was a great scholar of Astronomy, Astrology
and Mathematics. Mishra writes that,

lq:sGwHof]ltMzf:qkf/fjf/kf/L0fMsfJosnfs'zndlt:tqejfg\>LkltM;fw{gjzt(%)
zflnjfxgzsfAbf;Gg;do]˜q}jk'0oe"df} ef/tjif]{ ;df;Llblt dfq+ ;Dk|Tojlw u|Gys[tM;DaGw]
jlbt+ ejtL . o4lk –

“e§s]zjk'q:o gfub]j:o gGbgM .

>Lklt /f]lx0fLv08] Hof]ltMzf:qldb+ Jowft\ ..”
Olt >Lklts[t ‘w|'jdfg;fVo’ s/0fu|Gyf]Qof >Lkt]M lkt'gf{d ‘gfub]je§M’lktfdx:o gfd
‘s]zje§’ Olt tyf u|Gy/rgf:yfg+ tHhGd:yfg+ jf ‘/f]lx0fLv08’ ldlt r ljlbt+ ejtL k/dq >Lkt]M
lkt[lktfdxof]M k|l;4o\efjt\ /f]lx0fLv08:oflk ;fDk|tdlglZrtTjft\ >LkltM :jfgfDg}j ljlbtf]
Hof]ltMzf:q:o :sGwqo]˜lk ;/;sf]dnkbkBfgf+ ax"gfdlk u|Gyfgf+ /rlotf OtM k"j{+
;x;|jiff{;Gg;do] k|fb'a{e"j]ltdfq+ lgM;+zo+ jQ'm+ o'Hot] (Mishra,1932:7)

His father and grandfather were not popular. But Ṡripati was popular by his name with his contribution
on Astronomy, Astrology and Mathematics. According to Padhmakar Dvivedi the area at where Rewa
(Narmada) river is flowing this place (area) is known by the name of Rewakhanda and the region
through the Rohini River is known by the name of Rohinikhanda. This is explained by Prof. Late Naẏạ
Raj Pạnta with expressing the letter written by Padhmakar Dvivedi to him. Thus the determination of the

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Rohini River declared the actual birth place of Ṡripati. But for a long time in Rupandehi district of
Lumbini zone still there is running a river which is known by Rohonikhola. On these references we say
that Ṡripati habitant was in the terrain region. In ancient time the statement “Bharatvarse
Himvatskhande” or Indian sub-continent represents the Himalayan region including Nepal and India,
etc. In broad sense we may say as the south part of Asia. On the basis of a letter written by Padhmakar
Dvivedi to‘Naẏạ Raj Pạnta’ (who was as a Professor, great scholar, historian, astronomer and
mathematician) claimed that Ṡripati had prepared the ‘Dhruva-manasa (a Karana, or practical manual)’
in Rohinikhand . In viw of that background we should guess that, the Rohinikhanda was situated in
between around the border area of India and Nepal. Since a large project work was handled and from
this project we narrates the Rohinikhanda the borders of Nepal and India. The Rohini Basin is relatively
small, with a catchment area of 2,701 km2 that straddles (1,943 km2 in India and 758 km2 in Nepal). The
basin lies just south of the Himalayan Range, which rises to 8,000 m in less than 100 km from the basin
(Dixit et al., 2007). The Rohini Basin is relatively small, with a catchment area of 2,701 km 2 that
straddles the borders of Nepal and India. The basin lies just south of the Himalayan Range, which rises
to 8,000 m in less than 100 km from the basin (Dixit et al., 2007)
Dhruva-manasa was as a practical approach of astronomy. David Eugene Smith writes that, “We have
known for a century the works of Aryyabhata, Brahmagupta and Bhaskaracaryya, and have come to feel
that to these men alone are due the noteworthy contribution to fount in native Hindu mathematics. Of
course a little reflection shows this conclusion to be an incorrect one. Other great schools, particularly of
astronomy, did exist, and other scholars taught and wrote and added their quota, small or large to make
up the sum total.” These observations particularly apply to the treatise the ‘Siddhanta-Sekhara’ of
Ṡripati. ‘Siddhanta-Sekhara’ is one of the authoritative works on the theory of Astronomy and
Mathematics in Bharatvarsh. It was frequently referred to along with the works of Aryyabhata,
Brahmagupta and Varah Mihira by the great scholar Bhaskaracaryya (1114AD).

Education:

Although no certificate is found about Ṡripati’s education, he was a great scholar of Astronomy,
Astrology and Mathematics. He had written so many books and practical manuals of Astronomy, etc.

Services:

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In Siddhanta-Sekhara, Ṡripati has made mention of Aryyabhata, Brahmagupta and Lalla, and has closely
followed Brahmagupta, supplementing from Lalla where necessary. The presentation, however, is more
akin (as similar) to that of Lalla. Ṡripati has also borrowed from the Pañcasiddhantika and the vrhat
Samhita, but without any specific mention of Varaha Mihira. There is again a close resemblance in
name, substance and method of presentation, between the Siddhanta-Sekhara of Ṡripati and the
Siddhanta- Siromani of Bhaskaracaryya freely borrowed from Ṡripati, generally without any specific
mention, but occasionally with a curt (short) notice as ‘Sekharokta-laksanema’ which indicates that
Siddhanta-Sekhara of Ṡripati was a very well-known treatise at the time of Bhaskaracaryya. It was the
lucid commentary added by Bhaskaracaryya to his Siddhantan Siromany that made it more popular and
enabled it to drive Ṡripati’s Siddhanta-Sekhara out of the field. The most peculiar aspects of the
Siddhanta-Sekhara are:

1. The second correction of the position of the Moon: The calculated position of the Moon may
coincide with, or approximately very nearly to the observed position of the Moon.
2. Equation of the time due to the obliquity of the elliptic.
3. The correction applied for the change of declination of the Sun, in connection with the method of
determining the East-West line.
4. The position of the Sun in the different quadrants of the Ecliptic Path.
5. Precession of the Equinoxes.
6. Treatise containing arithmetical and algebraic operations and discussion on the sphere, the
astronomical instrument and other minor details of astronomy.

Publications:

He had done very pioneer work on the field of Astronomy. His almost all valuable creations
of astronomy and mathematics were lost some as residual are as follows:
(i) Jatakpadhatih (vi) Dhikotidam karanam
Ṡripatipadhatirva. (vii) ‘Dhruva-manasam (a Karana,
(ii) Jyotisha ratnamala or or practical manual).
Ṡripatiratnamala. (viii) Siddhanta-Sekhara.
(iii) Ratnasarah. (ix) Ganita Tilaka.
(iv) Ṡripatinivandhah. (x) Permutation andcombination.
(v) Ṡripatisamuchchah.

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Travelling:

He was very popular in Rohinikhanda of Bharataversa and Himvatsakhande.

Language:

He was very well-known in Sanskrit and Marathi,

“lq:sGwHof]ltMzf:qkf/fjf/kf/L0fMsfJosnfs'zndlt:tqejfg\>LkltM”

Rewards and Awards:

It is not hearing Ṡripati was rewarded and awarded by the medals like as now a day. But he
will reward by the recognition of his contribution in the field o Astronomy, Astrology and
Mathematics. The research on the field of contributions of Ṡripati and his habitant will
actually be a memoranda and rewards/awards on him.

On Conclusion

In various aspects the Rohinikhanda as birth place of Ṡripati and his full contributions are under
investigations, although we conclude that:

1. Ṡripati was the most prominent mathematicians of the 11th Century born in;
Rohinikhanda of Bharatvarsa
2. Among Sripati's works are: Dhikotidakarana written in 1039, a work of twenty verses on
solar and lunar eclipses; Dhruvamanasa written in 1056, a work of 105 verses on
calculating planetary longitudes, eclipses and planetary transits.
3. Siddhantasekhara a major work on astronomy Ganitatilaka an incomplete arithmetical
treatise
4. Ṡripati wrote a commentary on this work in Marathi and it is one of the oldest works to
have survived that is written in that languageii.

References:

1.Mishra, Babuaji, 1932 The Siddhanta- Sekhara of Ṡripati, Calcutta University

Press, Calcutta.

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2. Panta, Naẏạ Raj, 1973 Jyotishdarshan, Kathmandu.

Other information on Rohinikhanda and Ṡripati

Sripati wrote on astronomy and mathematics. His mathematical work is undertaken with applications to
astronomy in mind, for example a study of spheres.His works include Dhikotidakarana (1039), a

work on solar and lunareclipses, Dhruvamanasa (1056), a work on calculating planetary

longitudes,eclipses and planetary transits, Siddhantasekhara a major work on astronomy in 19 chapters.
The titles of Chapters 13, 14, and 15 are Arithmetic, Algebra and On the Sphere. Sripati obtained more
fame in astrology than in other areas.
Sripati

Born: 1019 in (probably) Rohinikhanda, Maharashtra, India

Died: 1066 in India

References for Sripati

Version for printing

- Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990). Articles:
- V Arora and V Goel, Life and works of Sripati, Gurukula Kangri Vijnana Patrika Aryabhata
-R S Lal and R Prasad, Contributions of Sripati (1039 A.D.) in the solution of first degree simultaneous
indeterminate equations, Math. Ed. (Siwan)
- K N Sinha, Vyaktaganitadhyaya of Sripati's 'Siddhanta'sekhara', Ganita Bharati
- K N Sinha, Algebra of Sripati : an eleventh century Indian mathematician, Ganita Bharati
- K N Sinha, Sripati : an eleventh-century Indian mathematician, Historia Math.
- K N Sinha, Sripati's 'Ganitatilaka' : English translation with introduction, Ganita Bharati
- K N Sinha, On Sripati's (c. 1039) laws of signs, also his concept of imaginary numbers, Math.
Education Main index Birthplace Maps Biographies Index
History Topics ... Anniversaries for the year
JOC/EFR November 2000 School of Mathematics and Statistics
University of St Andrews, Scotland .
http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/References/Sripati.html

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Sripati ) was an Indian astronomer and mathematician , the author of Dhikotidakarana (written in ), a
work of twenty verses on solar and lunar eclipses Dhruvamanasa (written in ), a work of 105 verses on
calculating planetary longitudes , eclipses and planetary transits Siddhantasekhara a major work on
astronomy in 19 chapters; and Ganitatilaka , an incomplete arithmetical treatise in 125 verses based on a
work by Shridhara Indian biographical article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it This
biographical article about a mathematician is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it Retrieved
from " http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sripati Categories Indian people stubs Mathematician stubs ... Indian
astronomers Views

Sripati (1019-66)

Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Edited by Paul Murdin, article 4021. Bristol: Institute of
Physics Publishing, 2001. http://eaa.iop.org/abstract/0333750888/4021
Born in (probably) Rohinikhanda, Maharashtra, India, wrote on astronomy and the mathematics
associated with astronomy. He wrote Dhikotidakarana, about eclipses, Dhruvamanasa, about calculating
the motion of the planets, and Siddhantasekhara about mathematics and astronomy in general....
Keywords: History and Archaeoastronomy, Biographies ----Murdin, P.

Article by: J J O'Connor and E F Robertson :

Sripati's father was Nagadeva (sometimes written as Namadeva) and Nagadeva's father, Sripati's
paternal grandfather, was Kesava. Sripati was a follower of the teaching of Lalla writing on astrology,
astronomy and mathematics. His mathematical work was undertaken with applications to astronomy in
mind, for example a study of spheres. His work on astronomy was undertaken to provide a basis for his
astrology. Sripati was the most prominent Indian mathematicians of the 11th Century.

Among Sripati's works are: Dhikotidakarana written in 1039, a work of twenty verses on solar and lunar
eclipses; Dhruvamanasa written in 1056, a work of 105 verses on calculating planetary longitudes,
eclipses and planetary transits; Siddhantasekhara a major work on astronomy in 19 chapters; and
Ganitatilaka an incomplete arithmetical treatise in 125 verses based on a work by Sridhara.

The titles of Chapters 13, 14, and 15 of the Siddhantasekhara are Arithmetic, Algebra and On the
Sphere. Chapter 13 consists of 55 verses on arithmetic, mensuration, and shadow reckoning. It is
probable that the lost portion of the arithmetic treatise Ganitatilaka consisted essentially of verses 19-55
of this chapter. The 37 verses of Chapter 14 on algebra state various rules of algebra without proof.
These are given in verbal form without algebraic symbols. In verses 3, 4 and 5 of this chapter Sripati
gave the rules of signs for addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, square, square root, cube and
cube root of positive and negative quantities. His work on equations in this chapter contains the rule for
solving a quadratic equation and, more impressively, he gives the identity:

√(x + √y) = √[(x + √(x2 - y)]/2 + √[(x - √(x2 - y)]/2)

7
Other mathematics included in Sripati's work includes, in particular, rules for the solution of
simultaneous indeterminate equations of the first degree that are similar to those given by Brahmagupta

Sripati obtained more fame in astrology than in other areas and it is fair to say that he considered this to
be his most important contributions. He wrote the Jyotisaratnamala which was an astrology text in
twenty chapters based on the Jyotisaratnakosa of Lalla. Sripati wrote a commentary on this work in
Marathi and it is one of the oldest works to have survived that is written in that language. Marathi is the
oldest of the regional languages in Indo-Aryan, dating from about 1000.

Another work on astrology written by Sripati is the Jatakapaddhati or Sripatipaddhati which is in eight
chapters and is [1]:-

... one of the fundamental textbooks for later Indian genethlialogy, contributing an impressive
elaboration to the computation of the strengths of the planets and astrological places. It was enormously
popular, as the large number of manuscripts, commentaries, and imitations attests.

Genethlialogy was the science of casting nativities and it was the earliest branch of astrology which
claimed to be able to predict the course of a person's life based on the positions of the planets and of the
signs of the zodiac at the moment the person was born or conceived.

There is one other work on astrology the Daivajnavallabha which some historians claim was written by
Sripati while other claim that it is the work of Varahamihira. As yet nobody has come up with a definite
case to show which of these two is the author, or even whether the author is another astrologer.

Śrīpati

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search
This article is missing citations or needs footnotes. Please help add inline citations to guard against
copyright violations and factual inaccuracies. (January 2008)

Śrīpati (1019–1066) was an Indian astronomer and mathematician, the author of Dhikotidakarana
(written in 1039), a work of twenty verses on solar and lunar eclipses; Dhruvamanasa (written in 1056),
a work of 105 verses on calculating planetary longitudes, eclipses and planetary transits;
Siddhantasekhara a major work on astronomy in 19 chapters; and Ganitatilaka, an incomplete
arithmetical treatise in 125 verses based on a work by Shridhara.

Early life

Śrīpati's father was Nagadeva (sometimes written as Namadeva) and Nagadeva's father, Sripati's
paternal grandfather, was Kesava. Śrīpati was a follower of the teaching of Lalla writing on astrology,
astronomy and mathematics. His mathematical work was undertaken with applications to astronomy in
mind, for example a study of spheres. His work on astronomy was undertaken to provide a basis for his
astrology. Śrīpati was the most prominent Indian mathematicians of the 11th century.

8
Work

Among Śrīpati's works are: Dhikotidakarana written in 1039, a work of twenty verses on solar and lunar
eclipses; Dhruvamanasa written in 1056, a work of 105 verses on calculating planetary longitudes,
eclipses and planetary transits; Siddhantasekhara a major work on astronomy in 19 chapters; and
Ganitatilaka an incomplete arithmetical treatise in 125 verses based on a work by Sridhara.

The titles of Chapters 13, 14, and 15 of the Siddhantasekhara are Arithmetic, Algebra and On the
Sphere. Chapter 13 consists of 55 verses on arithmetic, mensuration, and shadow reckoning. It is
probable that the lost portion of the arithmetic treatise Ganitatilaka consisted essentially of verses 19–55
of this chapter. The 37 verses of Chapter 14 on algebra state various rules of algebra without proof.
These are given in verbal form without algebraic symbols. In verses 3, 4 and 5 of this chapter Śrīpati
gave the rules of signs for addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, square, square root, cube and
cube root of positive and negative quantities. His work on equations in this chapter contains the rule for
solving a quadratic equation and, more impressively, he gives the identity:

√(x + √y) = √[(x + √(x2 − y)]/2 + √[(x − √(x2 − y)]/2)

Other mathematics included in Śrīpati's work includes, in particular, rules for the solution of
simultaneous indeterminate equations of the first degree that are similar to those given by Brahmagupta

Śrīpati obtained more fame in astrology than in other areas and it is fair to say that he considered this to
be his most important contributions. He wrote the Jyotisaratnamala which was an astrology text in
twenty chapters based on the Jyotisaratnakosa of Lalla. Śrīpati wrote a commentary on this work in
Marathi and it is one of the oldest works to have survived that is written in that language. Marathi is the
oldest of the regional languages in Indo-Aryan, dating from about 1000.

Another work on astrology written by Śrīpati is the Jatakapaddhati or Śrīpatipaddhatiḥ [1]̣ which is in
eight chapters and is [1]:-

... one of the fundamental textbooks for later Indian genethlialogy, contributing an impressive
elaboration to the computation of the strengths of the planets and astrological places. It was enormously
popular, as the large number of manuscripts, commentaries, and imitations attests.

Genethlialogy was the science of casting nativities and it was the earliest branch of astrology which
claimed to be able to predict the course of a person's life based on the positions of the planets and of the
signs of the zodiac at the moment the person was born or conceived.

There is one other work on astrology the Daivajnavallabha which some historians claim was written by
Śrīpati while other claim that it is the work of Varahamihira. As yet nobody has come up with a definite
case to show which of these two is the author, or even whether the author is another astrologer.

Śrīpati had introduced one of the main methods of house division in Jyotiṣa, known as Śrīpati Bhāva
System (see Bhāva).

9
References

1. ^ Śrīpatipaddhatiḥ http://openlibrary.org/b/OL3148702M/Śrīpatipaddhatih

 O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Śrīpati", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive,
University of St Andrews, http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Sripati.html.

10