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Work (pressure-
W = P∆V J
volume curve)
m! x! + m! x! + m! x!
Center of mass x=
m! + m! + m!
Mechanical F!"#
MA =
Advantage F!"
W ∆E J
Power P= = 1 watt W =
t t s
Power P = Fv W
1
Kinetic Energy KE = mv ! J
2
Work-Kinetic Energy
W!"# = ∆KE = K ! − K ! J
theorem
Gravitational
U = mgh J
Potential Energy
Elastic Potential 1
U = kx ! J
Energy 2
1 1
Frequency of a wave f= = Hz
T s
m
Speed of a wave v = fλ
s
Fluids
m g
Density ρ=
V cm!
ρ!"#$%&
Specific Gravity
ρ!"#$%
πr ! ∆P
Poiseuille’s Law Q=
8ηL
Continuity Equation A! v! = A! v!
1
Bernoulli’s Equation P! + ρv!! + ρgh! = P! …
2
Gases
Absolute
K = ℃ + 273
Temperature
F
Pressure P=
A
Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT
Boyle’s Law P! V! = P! V!
V! V!
Charles’ Law =
T! T!
n! n!
Avogadro’s Law =
V! V!
Average kinetic
3
energy of a gas KE!"# = k ! T J
2
particle
Heat capacity at
constant volume for 3 J
C! = nR
an ideal monatomic 2 K
gas
Heat capacity at
constant pressure for 5 J
C! = nR
an ideal monatomic 2 K
gas
van der Waals nRT n! a
P= −
equation of state V − nb V !
P! = X! P!
Dalton’s Law of
Partial Pressures
P = P! + P! + P!
Thermodynamics
cal J
Heat transferred q = mc∆T 1 = 4.184
g∙K g∙K
Standard Heat of ° °
∆H!,!"#$%&'( − ∆H!,!"#$%#&%'
Reaction
Standard Heat of ° °
∆H!"#$% !"#$%& − ∆H!"#$% !"#$%&
Reaction
Change in Gibbs Free kJ
∆G = ∆H − T∆S
Energy mol
Linear Expansion
∆L = αL∆T
(Solids)
Volumetric
Expansions (Solids & ∆V = βV∆T
Liquids)
Sound
I
Sound Level β = 10log dB
I!
I!
Sound Level β! = β! + 10log dB
I!
P W
Intensity I=
A m!
v ± v!
Doppler Effect f! = f Hz
v ∓ v!
2L
λ=
n
Waves in Open Pipes
v nv
f= =
λ 2L
4L
λ=
Waves in Closed n
Pipes v nv
f= =
λ 4L
Energy of Photon E = hf
Geometrical Optics
Law of Reflection 𝜃! = 𝜃!
c
Index of Refraction n=
v
Snell’s Law n! sinθ! = n! sinθ!
n!
Critical Angle 𝜃! = 𝑠𝑖𝑛!!
n!
1 1 1 2
Optics Equation = + =
f o i r
−i
Magnification m=
o
1
Lens Power P= diopters
f
Focal length of lenses 1 1 1 1 1
= + + + ⋯+
in a series f f! f! f! f!
Power of lenses in a
P = P! + P! + P! + ⋯ + P! diopters
series
Magnification for a
m = m! × m! × m!
system of lenses
Electrostatics
kq! q!
Coulomb’s Law F! = N
r!
F! kQ! N V
Electric Field E= = ! or
q r C m
Electrical Potential kQq
U= J
Energy r
U kQ J
Electrical Potential V= = 1V=1
q r C
Intensity of Uniform V V
Electric Field d m
Voltage (Potential W!"
∆V = V! − V! = Volts
Difference) q
Power VI W
V!
Power W
R
Power I! R W
Circuits
Q C
Current I= 1A=1
t s
Ohm’s Law V = IR
Capacitors in Parallel 𝐶! = 𝐶! + 𝐶! + 𝐶! F
Magnetism
N∙s
Magnetic Force F! = qvBsinθ 1T=1
m∙C
Kinetics
!!!
Arrhenius Equation k = Ae !"
! !
C D
Law of Mass Action k !" = ! !
A B
Solutions
Autoionization of
K ! = H! O! OH ! = 10!!"
water
pH − log H !
pOH − log OH !
Acid Dissociation H! O! A!
k! =
Constant HA
Base Dissociation B OH !
!
k! =
Constant BOH
pK ! −logK !
pK ! −logK !
Point of Inflection pH = pK ! or 14 − pK !
for A! B! :
Solubility Product
Constant
K !" = A!! !
B !! !
Henry’s Law A = K ! × P!
Genetics
p+q=1
Hardy-Weinberg
p! + 2pq + q! = 1
Enzymes
v!"# S
Michaelis-Menten v=
K ! + [S]