Chapter III: Truss

Chapter III :
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Analysis of
Statically
Determinate
Trusses
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Subjects:

III.1 Common Types of Trusses. (Ref. P. 79-84)

Chapter III: Truss

III.2 Classification of Coplanar Trusses. (Ref. P. 85-93)

III.3 The Method of Joints. (Ref. P. 94-97) TDM

III.4 Zero-Force Members. (Ref. P. 98-103)

III.5 The Method of Sections. (Ref. P. 104-109)

III.6 Compound Trusses. (Ref. P. 110-115)

III.7 Complex Trusses. (Ref. P. 116-119)

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III.8 Space Trusses. (Ref. P. 120-126)

III.1 Common Types of Trusses

 Material: Steel, Wood, Aluminum, etc….

 Connections: Welding, Bolting, ….. .Pinned connection
Chapter III: Truss

 Used for Roofs, Bridges, Hangars, etc… Long Spans

 Members or Elements: Tension or/and Compression
 Slenderness Elements TDM

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 Methods of Design and Analysis ………  No Collapse

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III.2 Classification of Coplanar Trusses

 Simple Truss is formed by triangular and then by adding one joint and two

Chapter III: Truss

bars.
Pinned connection / Loads applied on Joints,

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III.2 Classification of Coplanar Trusses

 Compound Truss:
Chapter III: Truss

- Formed by many trusses

- Simple Trusses are connected together

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 Complex Truss:
- It is neither Simple nor Compound.
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- e.g.: crossed bars and not connected

III.2 Classification of Coplanar Trusses

 Statically Determinate, Indeterminate, degree of indeterminacy.

Chapter III: Truss

 Stability: TDM

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* b+r < 2j  insufficient number – Unstable
External Stability: Parallel reaction, concurrent.

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III.2 Classification of Coplanar Trusses

Internal Stability:

Chapter III: Truss

- Checked by careful inspection of the arrangement of its members
Movement imagination ……
- joint fixed  No move  truss Stable
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- Simple truss is always Internally STABLE
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- e.g.” simple truss linked to another
by concurrent bars.
- A complex truss is not easy to identify
its stability without calculation.

III.2 Classification of Coplanar Trusses

Example 3.1: Classify each of the trusses here under as stable, unstable,
Chapter III: Truss

statically determinate, or statically indeterminate. The trusses are subjected to

arbitrary external loadings that are assumed to be known and can act anywhere
on the trusses.
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III.2 Classification of Coplanar Trusses

Chapter III: Truss

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III.2 Classification of Coplanar Trusses

Chapter III: Truss

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III.3 The Method of Joints

 Joints equilibrium (equations)

 Sign conventions: Tension positive and Compression Negative.
Chapter III: Truss

 Two unknown by joint

 Global equilibrium
 Unknown – Assumed in tension TDM

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 Defined the positive directions

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III.3 The Method of Joints

Example 3.2: Determine the force in each member of the roof truss shown in
Chapter III: Truss

the photo. The dimensions and loadings are shown here. State whether the
members are in tension or compression.

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III.3 The Method of Joints

Chapter III: Truss

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III.4 Zero‐Force Members

 Cases to be considered as Zero-Force Members

Chapter III: Truss

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III.4 Zero‐Force Members

Example 3.4: Using the method of joints, indicate all the members of the truss
Chapter III: Truss

shown herein that have zero force.

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III.4 Zero‐Force Members

Chapter III: Truss

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III.5 The Method of Sections

 Search for a section location, in order to get an appropriate force situation

Chapter III: Truss

and distribution.
 Then, applied the moment around a specific point and after we verify the
equilibrium
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III.5 The Method of Sections

Example 3.5: Determine the force in members GJ and CO of the roof truss
Chapter III: Truss

shown in the photo. The dimensions and loadings are shown herein State
whether the members are in tension or compression. The reactions at the
supports have been calculated.
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III.5 The Method of Sections

Chapter III: Truss

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III.6 Compound Trusses

 Two Methods and all calculation reductions could be used simultaneously

 First of All, Classify the Simple, Compound, Complex.
Chapter III: Truss

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III.6 Compound Trusses

Example 3.10: Indicate how to analyze the compound truss shown in Figure
Chapter III: Truss

herein. Reactions at the supports have been calculated

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III.6 Compound Trusses

Chapter III: Truss

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III.7 Complex Trusses

 Applied Method will not provide any solution ……. So Complexity

 Computerized solution – Autodesk / Robot.
Chapter III: Truss

 Direct Method necessity substitute members.

 Steps to be followed:
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Step 1
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Step 2

Step 3

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III.7 Complex Trusses

 Reduction to Stable Simple Truss:

Chapter III: Truss

Reaction at Supports
Imagining the analyze of the truss by the method of joints
If Reaching reaching a joint with three unknowns  remove a member
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Provide another member instead the removed one.
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So we get a simple truss
Then two type of loads will be followed

 External Loading on Simple Truss

Actual external loads
Forces in bars will be calculated (I values).
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III.7 Complex Trusses

 Remove External Loading from Simple Truss

Chapter III: Truss

Simple truss without the external load P with unit loads equals and opposite
at the member was removed.
New unit forces are developed (NB if X force is applied instead of unit
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forces, so the unit results will be multiplied by x)
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NB : no reaction in the mentioned second load type.

 Superposition
Two loads will be superposed
Forces in bars are function of x
New added bars, already didn’t exist, so we may put it equal to zero
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Then x is calculated rep[resenting the force in the eliminated bar
All other forces in bars are calculated since x is calculated

III.7 Complex Trusses

 Example 3.11: Determine the force in each member of the complex truss
Chapter III: Truss

shown here under. Assume joints B, F, and D are on the same horizontal
line. State whether the members are in tension or compression.

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III.7 Complex Trusses

Chapter III: Truss

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III.7 Complex Trusses

Chapter III: Truss

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III.8 Space Trusses

 Refer to Vectors and its notions & Concepts

 Determinacy and Indeterminacy ,Stability and Instability …
Chapter III: Truss

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III.8 Space Trusses

Chapter III: Truss

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Zero-Force Members:

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Case 1. If all but one of the members Case 2. If it has been determined that all
connected to a joint lie in the same but two of several members connected at a
plane joint support 0 force,

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III.8 Space Trusses

Example 3.12: Determine the force in each member of the space truss shown

Chapter III: Truss

in Figure herein. The truss is supported by a ball-and-socket joint at A, a
slotted roller joint at B, and a cable at C.

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III.8 Space Trusses

Chapter III: Truss

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III.8 Space Trusses

Chapter III: Truss

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III.8 Space Trusses

Example 3.13: Determine the zero-force members of the truss shown in

Chapter III: Truss

Figure a.
The supports exert components of reaction on the truss as shown.

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III.8 Space Trusses

Chapter III: Truss

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