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Fig. 1
Calculate (a) Developed head of the pump;
(b) Total power input.
(c) If the pump manufacturer specifies a required NPSH of 3.05 m,
will the pump be suitable for this service?
Answer:
a) The upstream station a is at the datum height.
∴V a ' , Z a ' = 0 The velocity at point a is negligible because of the larger
diameter of the tank in comparison with that of the pipe.
0.012m 3 / min
∴V b = Χ 0.3048m / s = 1.022m / s
3.578 x10 m / min
−3 3
Also α b = 1.0 (turbulent)
Pump work, Wp is found using Bernoulli Equation.
2
Pb '
gZ α V b' P
W pη = + b' + b' + h f − a'
ρ gc 2gc ρ
Wη =
(101.3 + 345)Χ 10 3
N / m2
+ (9.81N / kg )(4.48m) +
1.022 2
865kg / m 3 2(1)
p
mΔH (0.173)(481.87)
PB = = = 111.15W
η 0.75
c) Use Eq. 8.7 for NPSH
gc ⎛ pi − pv ⎞
pi 3
101.3 x10 N / m 2 NPSH = ⎜⎜ − h fs ⎟⎟ − Z a
= = 117.1 J / kg g ⎝ ρ ⎠
ρ 865kg / m 3
Answer:
7. Positive displacement pump force the liquid by
(i)…………………. It can be classified into two general
categories; (ii)……………….and (iii) …………………
Answer :
(i)Changing volume
(ii)Reciprocating pump
(iii)Rotary pump
Answer :
Piston pump, plunger pump and diaphragm pump
9. Centrifugal pump adds momentum to the fluid by means of
………………………….
Answer:
Fast moving blades (centrifugal force)
10. Power lost in the pump are due to the (i)……………, (ii)
…………………, (iii) ……………and (iv)……………………
Answer :
1. Fluid friction which result from the mechanical energy
conversion into the form of heat.
2. Leakage which reduces the volume of the discharge.
3. Disk friction occurs between the outer surface of the
impeller & the liquid within the casing.
4. Bearing losses occur from the mechanical friction in the
bearing & stuffing boxes of the pump.
12. Show that from continuity equation, the fluid pass over
the venturi meter can be expressed as: C D ρA1 A2
G= 2 ghv
A −A
1
2 2
2
Answer:
From continuity equation:- For incompressible fluid, v1 = v2
2
Δu 2 ⎛ A2 ⎞ --------- (8.11)
+ gΔZ + v ∫ dP + WP + F = 0 ∴ u1 = u 2 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
2α 1 ⎝ A1 ⎠
WP , F , ΔZ = 0 introducing Substitute (8.11) into (8.9)
correction factor, α
u 22 ⎡ α 2 A22 ⎤
= v (P1 − P2 )
2 2 2
⎢1 −
u u
= −v ∫ dP ------------ (8.9) 2 ⎥
2
− 1
2α 2 ⎣ α 1 A1 ⎦
2α 2 2α 1 1
A2 2α 2 v (P1 − P2 )
G= ------ (8.13)
v α 2 A2 2
1− C A 2 A1 2 v ( P1 − P 2 )
α 1 A12 G = D
2
A1 − A 2
2 2
v
Introducing coefficient of discharge, CD
to eliminate α1 & α2.
2 ρ ( ρ gh )
C A 2 A1
G = D
2v (P1 − P2 )
v
A1 − A 2
2 2
C A
∴G = D 2 2
v ⎛A ⎞
1 − ⎜⎜ 2 ⎟⎟ C D ρ A1 A 2
⎝ A1 ⎠ G = 2 gh v
A 1
2
− A 2
2
C D A2 2 v (P1 − P2 )
G =
v ⎛ A 12 − A 22 ⎞
⎜⎜ 2
⎟⎟
⎝ A1 ⎠
13. A venturi meter of 320 mm diameter at inlet and 85 mm
diameter at the throat is used for measuring the flow of water.
If the pressure drop at convergence is 160 mmH2O and water
mass flowrate is 3.8 kg/s, what is the discharge coefficient at
convergence part of venturi meter.
Answer:
π π
A1 = (320x10 ) −3 2
= 0.0804 m 2
A2 = (85x10 )
−3 2
= 5.67x10−3 m2
4 4
C D (1000)(0.0804)(5.67 x10 −3 )
3.8 = 2(9.81)(160 x10 −3 )
(
0.082 − 5.67 x10 −3 )2
C D = 0.38
14. Water is flowing at a velocity of 0.02 m/s in a pipe of 0.25 m in diameter. In
the pipe, there is an orifice with a hole diameter of 0.15 m. What is the measured
pressure drop across the orifice? μwater = 1x10-3 kg/ms; ρwater = 1000 kg/m3.
Answer:
ρu 22 (1000)(0.0556) 2
ΔP = (1 − β ) = 4
(1 − 0 . 6 4
) = 3.18 kg/ms 2
2C D2 2(0.65) 2
15. Air at a density of 3.5 kg/m3 is flowing through a pitot tube.
The pressure difference gauge indicates a difference of 42 kg/ms2.
What is the air velocity?
2(P2 − P1 )
Answer u1 =
ρ
2 (42 )
u1 = = 4.9 m / s
3.5
Answer:
Fan, blower, compressor