Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Lecture 4
Power System Operation
2
The Goal: Customer Choice
3
The Result for California in 2000/1
OFF
OFF
4
The California-Enron Effect
WA
MT ND VT ME
OR MN
NH
ID SD WI NY MA
WY MI RI
IA PA CT
NV NE NJ
IN OH DE
UT IL W MD
DC
CO VA VA
CA KS MO KY
AZ TN NC
OK
NM AR SC
MS AL GA
TX
LA
AK
FL
HI
6
August 14th, 2003 Blackout
7
2007 Illinois Electricity Crisis
Currently
about 4%
of our
electric
capacity
is wind
The up/downs
in 2001/2 and
2003/4 were
caused by
expiring tax
credits
9
The Smart Grid
10
Smart Grid Perceptions
11
In the News: Local Electricity
Suppliers
13
Power System Operations Overview
14
Power System Basics
WH TWTR3
EEN 138
ST RITA
M UKWO N GO
SUN 138 WH TWTR4
TRIPP
WH TWTR5
UN IVRSTY
Raci ne
JAN 138
Pl ai sades
SGR CK4
UN IV N EU
LBT 138
H AM PTO N 5 SGR CK5
ALB 138
RO R 138
N LK GV T
H azel ton BRLGTN 1
ALBERS-2
Paddock Benton H arbor
PO T 138 PARIS WE BAIN 4
FRAN KLN 5 N O M 138 M RE 138 TICH IGN
BUTLER 5 H AZL S 5 H LM 138
WIB 138
UN IO N TP5 D AR 138
BLKH AWK5
N LG 138
N ED 138
Pl easantPrai ri e
N WT 138
M ID PO RT5 N ED 161
LIBERTY5
D RFN D RY5
D UN D EE 5 BCH 138
LUN D Q ST5 TRK RIV5 WBT 138
ELK 138
CASVILL5
BLK 138
CO R 138 D IK 138
D RCO M P 5 DRNE 5
WTWEST 5
LEN A ; B LEN A ; R
8TH ST. 5 Zi on
D R EN G 5
Rockford
LO RE 5
WASH BRN 5
ELERO ; BT ELERO ; RT
ASBURY 5 Wempl eton
EL FARM 5 SO . GVW. 5
PECAT; B
Waukegan
CN TRGRV5
LAN CA; R
JULIAN 5
SALEM N 5
GALEN A 5
Sand Park
Pi erpont
B465
FO RD A; R
S PEC; R E. Rockf ord
Al pi ne
Cook - 345 kV
Charl es
B427 ; 1T
Sabrooke
Cherry Val l ey
Cook - 765 kV
Bl aw khaw k
Kenzi e Creek
SAVAN N A5
Arnol d
STILL; RT
TRAER 5 M Q O KETA5
WYO M IN G5
VIN TO N 5
M -TO WN 5
Tol l w ay
D YSART 5
M T VERN 5
FAIRFAX5
PCI 5
Hanover
BEVERLY5 Tw i n Branch
BERTRAM 5
H IAWATA5
TIM BRCK5 6 ST 5
Bar t l et t
Des Pl ai nes
YO RK 5
O l i ve
M ARYL; B JackSr
Wayne
I t asca
Nor di
G l endal e
M i chi gan Ci ty
W407 ( Fer m i ) Addi son
LEECO ; BP Chur ch
H 445 ; 3B
H 440 ; R
El m hur st
Lom bar d
GR M N D 5
ALBAN Y 6
E CALM S5
M EN D O ; T
D IXO N ; BT N Aurora
BVR CH 65 BVR CH 5 GARD E;
D EWITT 5 ALBAN Y 5
H 71 ; BT
H 440 ; RT STEWA; B El ect r i c Junct i on D umont 345 D umont 765
H 71 ; B
H 71 ; R
STERL; B
D unacr
Li sl e
M cCook
Sti l l w el l
D ow ners Groove
CRLRID G5
Chi ave
M ECCO RD 3 Babcock
SB PIC 5 Shef i el d
Pl ano
CO RD O ; N ELSO ; R
Wi l l Co.
R FAL; B R FAL; R
Lake George
N ELSO ; RT Romeo Tow er Rd
SB GIC 5
SB 79 5
SB 49 5 M unster
SBH YC5
SB UIC 5 Burnham
SB 74 5
SB 90 5 Lockport
SB 17 5
Bl ue Isl and
JASPER 5
SB YIC 5 SUB 77 5 Goodi ngs Grove
SB 71 5
Green Lake
D AVN PRT5
SB 78 5 Kenda Green Acres
N EWTO N 5
H ILLSIE5 SB 76 5
Sand Ri dge
SB 89 5
SB 88 5
Lansi ng
Jol i et
SB EIC 5 IPSCO 3 Burr O ak
SB 58 5
SB JIC 5 Gl enw ood
M otezuma IPSCO 5 SB 70 5 Chi cago H ei ghts
F-503
Bri gg
SB A 5
F-575
East Frankf ort Country Cl ub H i l l s
Frankf ort
PO WESH K5 H ILLS 5 SB 28 5
PARN EL 5 SB 52 5 El w ood
M atteson
N Len Park Forest
Bl oom
SB 48 5 SB 47 5 U. Park
SB 31T 5 Woodhi l l
REASN O R5
SB 53 5
SB 85 5
E M O LIN E
Col l i ns
Wi l ton Center
D resden
Schahf er
SB 43 5 B B
SB 18 5
SB 112 5
93%
105%
MVA MVA
La Sal l e
Wi l mi ngton
KPECKTP5
WEST 5
SO . SUB 5
Br ai dw ood
9 SUB 5
H WY61 5
BEACO N 5
N EWPO RT5
EIC 5
BRD GPRT5
M PWSPLIT
H ALLO CK
LUCAS 5
Peoria
WATSEKA 17GO D LN D
GILM AN
FARGO
CAT M O SS
RSW EAST
RAD N O R
CAT SUB1
E PEO RIA
PIO N EERC
CAT TAP
CAT M AP KEYSTO N E
H IN ES
WAPELLO 5
JEFF 5 ED WARD S3
ED WARD S1
H EN RYCO 5
CAT SUB2
EASTERN
BURLIN 1G
D EN M ARK5 BRLGTN 5
TAZEWELL
Tazw el l
GIBSO N C
PAXTO N E H O O PESTN
N IO TA
Pow erton
GIBSO N CP
N IO TA
APAN O SE5
N LERO Y
CUBA Bloomington
VIELE 5
WEED M AN
D uck Creek
M ACO M BN E
RN TO UL J
RAN TO UL
CAN TO N
VERM ILO N
H AM LTN AM M ACO M B W
H O LLAN D
H AVAN A KICKAPO O RISIN G PERKN SRD
16
Small PowerWorld Simulator Case
Load with
green Bus 2
-20 MW
4 MVR
20 MW
-4 MVR Bus 1
arrows 1.00 PU
indicating
204 MW
102 MVR
Note the
1.00 PU
amount 106 MW
power
0 MVR
of MW -34 MW -14 MW
balance at
150 MW AGC ON
18
Basic Power Control
19
Transmission Line Limits
20
Overloaded Transmission Line
21
Interconnected Operation
22
Operating Areas
23
Area Control Error (ACE)
24
Automatic Generation Control
25
Three Bus Case on AGC
-40 MW 40 MW
Bus 2 8 MVR -8 MVR Bus 1
1.00 PU
266 MW
133 MVR
1.00 PU
101 MW
5 MVR
-77 MW -39 MW
150 MW AGC ON
25 MVR 12 MVR 100 MW
166 MVR AVR ON
78 MW 39 MW
-21 MVR -11 MVR
Bus 3 1.00 PU
Home Area
133 MW
67 MVR
Generation
250 MW AGC ON
is automatically 34 MVR AVR ON
27
Economic Dispatch
28
Power Transactions
29
100 MW Transaction
8 MW -8 MW
Bus 2 -2 MVR 2 MVR Bus 1
1.00 PU
225 MW
113 MVR
1.00 PU
0 MW
32 MVR
-84 MW -92 MW
150 MW AGC ON
27 MVR 30 MVR 100 MW
138 MVR AVR ON
85 MW 93 MW
-23 MVR -25 MVR
Bus 3 1.00 PU
Home Area
113 MW
Scheduled Transactions 56 MVR
100.0 MW 291 MW AGC ON
8 MVR AVR ON
Scheduled Net tie-line
100 MW flow is now
Transaction from Left to Right 100 MW
30
Security Constrained ED
31
Security Constrained Dispatch
-22 MW 22 MW
Bus 2 4 MVR -4 MVR Bus 1
1.00 PU
357 MW
179 MVR
1.00 PU
0 MW
100% 37 MVR
-122 MW
194 MW OFF AGC -142 MW
49 MVR 41 MVR 100 MW
232 MVR AVR ON
145 MW 100% 124 MW
-37 MVR -33 MVR
Bus 3 1.00 PU
Home Area
179 MW
Scheduled Transactions 89 MVR
100.0 MW 448 MW AGC ON
19 MVR AVR ON
33
Seven Bus Case: One-line
System has
44 MW -42 MW -31 MW 31 MW 80 MW
three areas 1.05 PU
3
0.99 PU
4
30 MVR Area top
1 1.00 PU
62 MW 106 MW -37 MW 110 MW -32 MW
has five
AGC ON 40 MVR
94 MW
buses
Case Hourly Cost AGC ON
38 MW 16933 $/MWH
-14 MW
-61 MW
32 MW
1.04 PU 79 MW -77 MW 1.01 PU
2 Top Area Cost 5
8029 $/MWH
40 MW -39 MW 130 MW
40 MW
20 MVR 40 MVR
168 MW AGC ON
-40 MW 40 MW
20 MW -20 MW
1.04 PU 1.04 PU
6 20 MW 7
-20 MW
200 MW 200 MW
0 MVR Left Area Cost Right Area Cost
Area left 200 MW AGC ON
4189 $/MWH 4715 $/MWH 0 MVR
201 MW AGC ON
has one
Area right has one
bus
bus
34
Seven Bus Case: Area View
Area Losses
Top 7.09 MW
Actual
40.1 MW
flow
-40.1 MW
0.0 MW
0.0 MW between
System has areas
40 MW of
Scheduled
“Loop Flow”
Left Right flow
Area Losses 40.1 MW Area Losses
0.33 MW 0.0 MW 0.65 MW
35
Seven Bus - Loop Flow?
Area Losses
Top 9.44 MW
Note that
4.8 MW
0.0 MW
-4.8 MW Top’s
0.0 MW
Losses have
increased
from
7.09MW to
Left Right
9.44 MW
Area Losses 104.8 MW Area Losses
-0.00 MW 100.0 MW 4.34 MW
0 MW
38
LINE OVERLOAD ENFORCED
20 MW 20 MW
Bus 2 Bus 1
10.00 $/MWh
60 MW 12.00 $/MWh
100 MW 120 MW
80% 100%
0 MW
80 MW
80% 100% 100 MW
Total Cost 80 MW
1921 $/hr
Bus 3 14.01 $/MWh
180 MW
0 MW
MISO and
PJM are
the reliability
coordinators
covering the
electric grid
in Illinois.
ComEd is in
PJM, and
Ameren is in
MISO.
40
MISO ACE Chart from Aug 31, 2011
https://www.midwestiso.org/MarketsOperations/RealTimeMarketData/Pages/ACECh
art.aspx
41
MISO LMPs 8/31/11 at 11:05 AM
www.midwestmarket.org
42