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ABSTRACT
The quest for an engine which having the same or more power with higher fuel efficiency
than the existing ones has started before many years. As a result of all these researches a new
engine concept is formed, which is a six stroke engine. Lot of research works are conducting on
this topic nowadays and already six types of six stroke engines were discovered yet. Of these the
resent developed three six stroke engines, i.e., Beare head, Bruce crowers and Velozeta’s are
undergoing tremendous research works.
During every cycle in a typical four stroke engine, piston moves up and down twice in
the chamber, resulting in four total strokes and one of which is the power stroke that provides the
torque to move the vehicle. But in a six stroke engine there are six strokes and out of these there
are two power strokes. The automotive industry may soon be revolutionized by a new six-stroke
design which adds a second power stroke, resulting in much more efficiency with less amount of
pollution.
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Six Stroke Engines – Velozeta Model
CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Symbols used
4.1. Theory
4.3. Working
4.5. Graphs
4.6. Advantages
5. Conclusion
6. References
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Six Stroke Engines – Velozeta Model
INTRODUCTION
The term six stroke engine describes two different approaches in the internal combustion
engine, developed since the 1990s, to improve its efficiency and reduce emissions
In the first approach, the engine captures the waste heat from the four stroke Otto cycle or
Diesel cycle and uses it to get an additional power and exhaust stroke of the piston in the same
cylinder. Designs either use steam or air as the working fluid for the additional power stroke. As
well as extracting power, the additional stroke cools the engine and removes the need for a
cooling system making the engine lighter and giving 40% increased efficiency over the normal
Otto or Diesel Cycle. The pistons in this six stroke engine go up and down six times for each
injection of fuel. These six stroke engines have 2 power strokes: one by fuel, one by steam or air.
The currently notable six stroke engine designs in this class are the Crower's six stroke engine,
invented by Bruce Crower of the U.S.A; the Bajulaz engine by the Bajulaz S A company, of
Switzerland; and the Velozeta’s Six-stroke engine built by the College of Engineering, at
Trivandrum in India.
The second approach to the six stroke engine uses a second opposed piston in each
cylinder which moves at half the cyclical rate of the main piston, thus giving six piston
movements per cycle. Functionally, the second piston replaces the valve mechanism of a
conventional engine and also it increases the compression ratio. The currently notable six stroke
engine designs in this class include two designs developed independently: the Beare Head
engine, invented by Australian farmer Malcolm Beare, and the German Charge pump, invented
by Helmut Kottmann.
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Six Stroke Engines – Velozeta Model
SYMBOLS USED
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Six Stroke Engines – Velozeta Model
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Six Stroke Engines – Velozeta Model
prototype, the water for the steam cycle is consumed at a rate approximately equal to that of the
fuel, but in production models, the steam will be recaptured in a condenser for re-use.
Second category:-
The engines coming under this category are
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Six Stroke Engines – Velozeta Model
the course they formed the company Velozeta with the help of state and central government.
They have got the patent of this engine also.
In Velozeta’s six stroke engine, a four-stroke Honda engine was experimentally altered
to build the six stroke engine.The first four strokes of this engine are just like a conventional four
stroke engine. The additional two strokes are for better scavenging and cooling of the engine
which is provided by a secondary air induction system.
Theory:-
There is only a slight difference between Crower’s six stroke engine and Velozeta’s six
stroke engine. In the Crower’s six stroke engine and this engine, the first four stokes are the
same as a conventional four stroke engine. In Crowers engine during the fifth stroke water
is injected into the cylinder and converted to steam which is used for expansion and the
sixth stroke eliminates the expanded vapors through the exhaust manifold. But here the
difference is that in the fifth stroke, instead of water, air from an air filter is sucked into the
cylinder through a secondary air line provided at the exhaust manifold. In the sixth stroke, a
mixture of this air and unburned gases are pushed out through the exhaust valve.
Engine parts modified:-
1) Camshaft / Crankshaft Sprockets
In the six stroke engine the crankshaft has 1080 degrees of rotation for 360 degree
rotation of the camshaft per cycle. Hence their corresponding sprockets are having teeth in
the ratio 3:1.In the original four stroke engine the teeth of the sprockets of the crankshaft and
the camshaft were in 2:1 ratio. The 34 teeth sprocket of the four stroke engine camshaft was
replaced by a 42 teeth sprocket in the six stroke engine. The camshaft sprockets were also
replaced from 17 teeth to 14 teeth to convert the four stroke engine into six stroke engine.
2) Cam lobes
In the six stroke engine the 360 degrees of the cam has been divided into 60 degrees
among the six strokes. The valve provided at the exhaust has to be kept open during the
fourth, fifth and the sixth stroke. The cam has been made double lobed in order to avoid the
hitting of the exhaust valve with the piston head. The profiles of the exhaust and the inlet
cams have been shown in the figure 1.
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Six Stroke Engines – Velozeta Model
3) Valve Timing
The valve timing of the four stroke Honda engine has been changed. The inlet valve
opening (IVO) is 0° at TDC, same as that of the four stroke Honda activa engine. Inlet valve
Closes (IVC) at 25° after BDC, same as that of the four stroke engine. Exhaust valve opens
(EVO) 0° at BDC, which in the original engine was 25° before BDC. Velozeta reduced this 25°
advanced opening of exhaust valve to extract maximum work per cycle. Exhaust valve closes
10 degree before TDC in order to prevent the loss of air fuel mixture through the exhaust
valve. Two reed valves have been provided for the proper working of the engine.
4) Secondary Air Induction System
The secondary air induction system, supplies the air which is used during the fifth and
sixth stroke. During the fifth stroke air from the air filter ( f i g 24) is sucked into the
cylinder through the secondary air induction line. The reed valve ( f i g 22) opens to permit the
air flow. During the sixth stroke, the air is removed through the exhaust manifold (fig 13).
The reed valve (fig 23) opens and the reed valve (fig 22) closes during this stroke. The
inlet valve remains closed during these strokes.
Working of velozeta six stroke engine:-
The detailed working of the six stroke engine has been explained by using figures 2-
7, which give explanations regarding the each stroke. A detailed label of the engine parts
has been given in page (4). The working of the engine is as follows. Also the detailed label of
engine parts in the figures is given allow.
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Six Stroke Engines – Velozeta Model
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Six Stroke Engines – Velozeta Model
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Six Stroke Engines – Velozeta Model
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Six Stroke Engines – Velozeta Model
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Six Stroke Engines – Velozeta Model
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Six Stroke Engines – Velozeta Model
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Six Stroke Engines – Velozeta Model
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Six Stroke Engines – Velozeta Model
Experimental Procedure:-
The same engine was altered as four stroke and six stroke to perform the experiments.
Load test and pollution test were conducted. The load test was conducted using brake drum
dynamometer. The final drive shaft from the engine to the wheel was used for load in g
during the experiment. The engines were tested for 320rpm a n d 6 4 0 r p m under the same
loading conditions. The time for consumption of 10cc of the fuel was noted during the
experiment. The % vol. of CO in exhaust gas during idling was tested to check the pollution
level of the engines. The results of load test and pollution test have been tabulated in table (1)
and table (2) respectively.
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Six Stroke Engines – Velozeta Model
Graphs:-
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Six Stroke Engines – Velozeta Model
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Six Stroke Engines – Velozeta Model
Lower engine temperature - so , easy to maintain the optimum engine temperature level for
better performance
The six-stroke engine does not require any basic modification to the existing engines. All
technological experience and production methods remain unaltered
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Six Stroke Engines – Velozeta Model
CONCLUSION
The six stroke engine modification promises dramatic reduction of pollution and fuel
consumption of an internal combustion engine. The fuel efficiency of the engine can be
increased and also the valve timing can be effectively arranged to extract more work per cycle.
Better scavenging is possible as air intake occurs during the fifth stroke and the exhaust
during the sixth stroke. Due to more air intake, the cooling system is improved. It enables
lower engine temperature and therefore increases in the overall efficiency.
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Six Stroke Engines – Velozeta Model
REFERANCES
• http://www.autoweek.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?
AID=/20060227/FREE/302270007/1023/THISWEEKSISSUE
• file:///H:/abc/BEARE-Six%20Stroke%20Engine/Article%20The%20Beare
%206%20Stroke%20Ducati%20-%20Alan%20Cathcart.htm
• file:///H:/abc/BEARE-Six%20Stroke%20Engine/Beare%20Technology%20-
%20Innovative%20Engine%20Design.htm
• file:///H:/abc/BEARE-Six%20Stroke%20Engine/Construction%20of%20SixStroke
%20Internal%20Combustion%20Motors.htm
• file:///H:/abc/BEARE-Six%20Stroke%20Engine/Motorcycle%20engineering%20-
%20sixstroke%20engine.htm
• file:///H:/abc/BEARE-Six%20Stroke%20Engine/Motorcycle%20Pictures%20-%20The
%20Beare%20Ducati%20Images.htm
• file:///H:/abc/BEARE-Six%20Stroke%20Engine/Theory%20of%20Six%20Stroke
%20Internal%20Combustion%20Enginewe.htm
• file:///H:/abc/BEARE-Six%20Stroke%20Engine/Theory%20of%20Six%20Stroke
%20Internal%20Combustion%20Engine.htm
• http://www.velozeta.com/
• http://www.newindpress.com/NewsItems.asp?
ID=IEO20060903112344&Topic=0&Title=Thiruvananthapuram&Page=O
• http://www.autocarindia.com/new/Information.asp?id=1263
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_stroke_engine
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crower_six_stroke
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