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THE DAILY OBSERVER
Tuesday,
ERIES
LECT(3UrdREEditSion)
April 24,
2018
:
dy guides Page 01
CSEC stu anguage
s h L
Engli nology
on Tech
Informati
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► Mathematics 3–7
► Social Studies 8 – 10
► Information Technology 11 – 18
► Principles of Accounts 22 – 25
► Integrated Science 26 – 28
► English Literature
13
29 – 31
LECTURE SERIES (3 rd
Edition)
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THE DAILY OBSERVER Tuesday, April 24, 2018 Page 2
PRODUCTION TEAM
EDITOR: Debra-Gail Williamson • ASSOCIATE EDITOR – DESIGN: Rorie Atkinson • GRAPHIC ARTIST / PAGINATOR: Roy France
CONT R IBUTOR S
HUMAN & SOCIAL BIOLOGY PRINCIPLES OF BUSINESS PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTS INTEGRATED SCIENCE
Leroy Munroe Hilary Bassaragh Tedmore Clarke Marlene Grey-Tomlinson
MATHEMATICS Lesson 27
with Kamau Karenga
+
4 5 6 –
Everyone knows that a CIRCLE is a curved line surrounding a centre point which
is at equal distance from every point on the line. The optional question on
GEOMETRY (question 10), is all about angles in a circle. One has to know about 1 2 3 –:
parts of a CIRCLE and know the 8 CIRCLE THEOREMS, in order to analyse a diagram,
determine the various angles, and give good reasons. 0 • = +
Let us look at parts of a circle.
A SEGMENT is an area
enclosed by an arc and a
chord.
(5) The two tangents from a single point external to a (7) The angle formed by a TANGENT and a CHORD is equal
circle are equal. to the angle formed by the same CHORD at the
PQ is a tangent; PR is a tangent CIRCUMFERENCE.
OQ is perpendicular to PQ CHORD AC and TANGENT CD form !ACD
OR is perpendicular to PR CHORD AC forms !ABC at point B
Length PQ = Length PR So, !ACD = !ABC
A CIRCLE THEOREM problem will tend to look more c) !EBF = 25°. This is an angle formed at the
complicated than how the laws are expressed. One has to circumference by the chord EF. It is equal to the angle,
analyse and break down the given illustration. Let us now
which is also formed from the same chord.
look at a typical example.
EVALUATION
SOLUTION 1
SOLUTION
Again, take note of the ‘big picture’. Notice diameters LQ and PN; tangent KLM; and the radii OL and ON.
a) !LNQ is an angle formed at the circumference from diameter LN; therefore !LNQ = 90°.
b) !LQN is an angle formed from chord LN. !LON is an angle formed at the centre from the same chord LN. !LQN is
therefore ½ of !LON ! !LQN = 30°.
c) !QLN is part of the right-angled triangle !QLN. Since the angle at Q is 30° (!LQN), the angle at L is (90°– 30°) !
!QLN = 60°.
d) !OML is a part of the right-angled triangle OML. The angle at L is 90° because a radius and a tangent meet at that
point. Since the angle at O is 60°, the angle at M must be (90° – 60°).
!OML = 30°
Kamau Karenga is on the staff of Portmore Community College " Email: kkarenga@pcc.edu.jm
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THE DAILY OBSERVER Tuesday, April 24, 2018 Page 8
THRIFT
Being thrifty is about managing money and other Consumers who practice being thrifty usually make a plan
resources carefully and not wastefully. A thrifty consumer also called a budget in which they look at how much
budgets, shop wisely and spends wisely. Good spending money they have/their income and their expenses over a
and shopping habits helps consumers to gain maximum period of time. A budget helps consumers to:
benefit from their money. 3 focus first on their needs before their wants;
3 plan for the future
3 know how much he/she will put aside towards
WAYS IN WHICH CONSUMERS PRACTICE THRIFT IN THE savings
CARIBBEAN 3 avoid buying items on impulse but instead to shop
around
For many consumers, being thrifty is a way of life. A thrifty 3 Avoid unplanned and unnecessary debt
consumer usually does the following: 3 Know how much money is being spent on each item
• Shop wisely for goods and services
• Budget
• Practice conservation and recycling methods PRACTICE CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING METHODS
• Use and care for items purchased
• Save regularly Consumers who recycle products are able to save money.
Instead of throwing away items, consumers should put
away the item/product for future use. For example: If a
SHOP WISELY FOR GOODS AND SERVICES consumer purchases storage containers or baskets to pack
items for moving, instead of throwing away the containers
Consumers who uses a budget to plan their expenses and these can be used to store pots, pans etc.
expenditures usually shop wisely for goods and services.
Usually wise shoppers who budget do the following:
• Keep receipts and warranties as proof of purchase USE AND CARE FOR ITEMS PURCHASED
in the event that they need to get a refund or a
replacement; Thrifty consumers ensure that household items that they
• Prepare a shopping list purchase are well taken care of to prevent them having to
• Stick to prepared shopping list purchase the safe item again because of misuse.
• Shop around for the best prices and quality in order
to get the best value for their money JOL SOCIAL STUDIES continues on next page
THE DAILY OBSERVER Tuesday, April 24, 2018 Page 9
JOL SOCIAL STUDIES continued from previous page
The government of a country may take the following measures to encourage citizens to save by:
• Ensuring that the prices of items such as food, clothes, shelter, medicine and education are affordable.
• Ensuring that the country benefits from the best interest rate possible.
ACTIVITY
Instruction: Answer True/False to the questions below by writing T/F in the boxes provided
A country benefits when consumers save because it promotes a culture of thrift which
1.
can be passed on to future generations
The Caribbean region benefits when consumers save because consumers are investing
2.
in regional business which can help to develop the regional financial sector
Some saving institutions use their customer’s savings to provide credit to government
3.
and business.
Individuals can save by throwing away disposable or used items and by eating out at
4.
restaurants frequently
The amount of money that people save is dependent on their income and their
5.
willingness to save
When shopping for small children, you should buy clothes that are close fitting so that
6.
they can last longer and so that they can be handed down to other family members
1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. F
EXAMINATION PREPARATION
QUESTION 7
The question gave an excerpt from an advisory warning shoppers of the dangers online shopping during the Christmas
season. The questions asked ranged from formatting features to other word processing features such as header & footer
and mail merge.
Word Processing application allows you to create a variety of documents, including letters,
resumes, and more. Review how to navigate the Word interface and become familiar with some
of its most important features, such as the Ribbon, Quick Access Toolbar, and Backstage view.
Possible Questions:
What Word Processing feature will allow specific texts to be repeated on every page of the document?
HEADER
Name the Word Processing feature that is suitable for personalizing a letter without having to type each person’s details?
MAIL MERGE
QUESTION 8
The following spreadsheet shows a budget for a company’s small response division.
A B C D
1 ITEMS QUANTITY COST PER ITEM TOTAL COST
2 Digital Forensic Tool kit 1 3000
3 Write Blocker Kit 2 1699
4 Mac Desktop 1 1100
5 Desktop workstation 4 900
6 Wireless Router 2 500
7 Computer Screens 27” and 34” 4 400
8 Response Field Kit 2 300
(a) The formula =B2*C2 was entered in cell D2 in order to calculate the total cost of digital forensic tool kit.
(c) The spreadsheet was sorted in descending order by ‘Cost per item’ field.
This section will total 15 marks, that is 12.5% of the exam. This is mainly because the SBA already
tested the productivity tools in greater details.
This section of the paper tests Programming and Problem Solving. This will be approximately 38% of the total exam.
QUESTION 9
SUGGESTED RESPONSES
These questions are testing basic programming knowledge. You should be able to get all these points.
(a) The algorithm is to determine whether perfect or not fit depending on weight and year.
I am not suggesting that you have to write your answer verbatim in order to get the 2 points.
As long as you mentioned something regarding the compound condition and what should happen
if true or false.
Quick
revision
on data
types
QUESTION 10
SUGGESTED RESPONSE
e m e m b e r te
R d ic a
a l w a y s in e
to e th
w h e r b e g in s
h a rt s.
f lo w c e r e it e n d
h
an d w
QUESTION 11 QUESTION 12
Arrays will always be tested. From declaring an array to For this question you were asked to rewrite some
manipulating arrays in loops. This question tested your statements using Pascal code.
ability to input data into an array element and accumulate
(a) Declare an array named COST with 8 elements of
the values in an array. Remember all codes should be
real data type
written in Pascal.
(b) Write the while loop structure
(c) Declare a constant variable
The following one-dimensional array named GRADE is used (d) Write the repeat until structure
to store the number of students in Grade 1 to Grade 4.
Do NOT go into the examination
Grade 45 54 63 76 without confidently knowing how to
write statements like these in Pascal.
Index 1 2 3 4 The examiner could also ask you to
find the errors in some statements and to correct them.
So, practise, practise and then practise some more!
(a) Write Pascal code to input number 76 into Grade 4.
(b) Write Pascal code to add the number of children in There are numerous YouTube videos that you could watch
the four classes and store the total in a variable to help you prepare for the programming and
named SUM. problem-solving section of the exam. For example,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=47JBVxCWXJA
and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0v2jT9d4jDc,
SUGGESTED RESPONSES among many others.
(a) Grade [4] := 76; There are Pascal tutorial websites available as well. Use
the tools to your advantage and prepare for the exam. It
will take more that you hoping and wishing, you will also
need to study and practise!
These could be what will give you
the 4 points. The name of the array ‘Grade’, SUGGESTED RESPONSES
the index in square brackets, the colon
and the equal sign and the semi colon (a) To declare an array, the syntax is:
at the end of the statement. Arrayname: Array[n…m] of data type
(c) Const
Interest = 25%;
(d) x := 1;
repeat
DoSomethingHere(x);
x := x + 1; This semicolon is not needed, but it’s allowed.
until x = 10;
CONCLUSION
Remember the use of the 3rd edition Jamaica Observer Lecture series revision booklet is very useful in studying for the
exam. It is simple, easy to read and covers the ‘must know’ concepts of the syllabus. The book is available in all
bookstores. Good luck and all the best!
Word to the wise: To acquire knowledge, one must study; but to acquire wisdom, one must observe. Knowing others
is wisdom, knowing yourself is Enlightenment. Study to shew thyself approved unto God, a
workman that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth.
LECTURE SERIES
The most comprehensive collection of CSEC study guides:
English Language ♦ Information Technology ♦ Spanish
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T ODAY !
THE DAILY OBSERVER Tuesday, April 24, 2018 Page 19
Objectives:
HEROIN
Heroin is a drug made from morphine and is classified Heroin is a depressant that acts on the central nervous
as a narcotic drug. Narcotic drugs or opiates are system (brain and spinal cord). Most people get a ‘rush’ or
obtained from the unripe seedpods of the opium poppy ‘buzz’ within minutes of taking heroin. The effects vary
plant. ‘Narcotics’ are drugs that induce sleep. Heroin is depending on how the heroin is taken, but users generally
a highly addictive drug and people can quickly become feel initially euphoric (high) and then they become warm,
hooked. Heroin is made of morphine and acetic acid and content and relaxed. They may also feel drowsy, the pupils
is much stronger than morphine and twice as addictive. of the eyes become constricted, slurred speech and
Morphine is a powerful pain-killer that is used in impaired attention. Heroin can detach the user from
medicines. feelings of pain and worry. The user may also have no
desire for food, drink or sexual activity.
Heroin may be taken first by sniffing/snorting and if A person who is addicted to heroin may show the
this continued over a prolonged period it can cause following behavioural problems, lying or other deceptive
broken and dilated veins in the nose. The drug is behaviour, avoiding eye contact or distant vision, a
usually injected (mainline) into the limb and veins, substantial increase in the time spent sleeping, decreasing
this provides the greatest intensity and most rapid attention to hygiene and physical appearance, withdrawal
onset of euphoria (high). Addicts may become from friends and family, loss of interest in hobbies and
infected from sharing unsterilised intravenous their favourite activities, repeatedly stealing or borrowing
needles with diseases such as HIV/AIDS, hepatitis and money from family members and friends, hostile
tetanus along with other blood diseases. This is behaviour towards their loved ones, a decline in self-
partially responsible for the spread of these diseases esteem or worsening body image.
among addicts. Needles should not be used more than
once. It is also smoked by users. JOL HUMAN & SOCIAL BIOLOGY continues on next page
THE DAILY OBSERVER Tuesday, April 24, 2018 Page 20
JOL HUMAN & SOCIAL BIOLOGY continued from previous page
The withdrawal symptoms from heroin can be quit severe, Drinking alcohol contributes to several road accidents.
making it difficult for many people to give it up. Persons Many illnesses are caused by drinking too much alcohol,
who are addicted feel compelled to continue using the cancers, osteoporosis, cirrhosis of the liver. Drinking
drug both because of its relieving effects, and because of alcohol can also lead to antisocial behaviours such as
the symptoms they may experience. These symptoms may crime, violence, unhappy home life and relationships, and
include an intense craving for the drug, profuse sweating, even loss of job.
severe muscle and bone aches, nausea and vomiting,
intense cramping in the legs, inability to sleep, crying, cold Alcohol is an addictive drug that may go unnoticed
sweat, runny nose, chills, fever and diarrhoea. sometimes. Ethanol, the ingredient found in alcohol is
produced as a result of fermentation. Alcohol is
metabolised extremely quickly by the body. Once it reaches
the stomach, it begins to absorb immediately into the
ECSTASY bloodstream. It is also absorbed in the small intestine.
Alcohol causes the capillaries near to the surface of the
skin to dilate, giving a feeling of warmth and wellbeing.
Ecstasy is an amphetamine drug. It acts both as a
stimulant and a hallucinogen. It is taken in pill form,
When a person is intoxicated, the alcohol interferes with
usually in social settings such as parties and clubs. Ecstasy
the ability of the central nervous system to analyse sensory
affects the hormone serotonin in our brain which leads to
information. Hence the person will have the following
mood swings and aggressive behaviour. It also causes
symptoms, shaky feelings, slurred speech, blurred vision,
people to be confused and detached from reality. Ecstasy sweating, dizziness, become talkative, dulling the
causes a feeling of extreme happiness, closeness to others sensation of pain and loss of ability to judge distance and
and lessens anxiety, stress and fear. height, (the reason not to drink and drive because the
reaction time is much slower).
Ecstasy will cause an increase in blood pressure, heart rate
and body temperature. It may also cause exhaustion and Memory loss often occurs to alcoholics and even person
sleeplessness especially in crowded areas. With inhibitions who do not drink heavily. Alcoholics suffer from delirium
reduced, unprotected sexual intercourse may occur. Due tremens. This is the ‘shake’ and hallucination due to the
to increased activity especially dancing, a person who damage of the nervous system. Alcohol is also a diuretic,
takes the drug may lose fluid which can lead to blood so the kidneys directly send fluids straight to the bladder
clotting, unconsciousness and even death. Frequent and making the person urinate excessively and speeding up
long-term users may suffer from depression and other the loss of fluid from the body causing dehydration.
mental illnesses.
It is important that expectant mothers do not drink
alcohol; this can cause damage to the baby. The same
amount of alcohol in the mother’s blood is the same
ALCOHOL AS A DRUG amount in the baby’s blood. If an expectant mother
drinks alcohol during pregnancy, the baby is at risk of
Alcohol is the most widely used drug in our society. developing fetal syndrome. With fetal alcohol
Even though alcohol is a drug, moderate drinking is a syndrome the baby will have growth deficiencies such
socially acceptable behaviour. Alcohol is a depressant as small body size and weight, slower than normal
drug that affects people in a number of ways. It slows development, small head and brain that may cause
down the activity of the central nervous system and subnormal intelligence, facial abnormalities, learning
the messages moving between the brain and the body. disabilities and short attention span.
Alcohol affects the body tissues and as a result causes
a change in behaviour. JOL HUMAN & SOCIAL BIOLOGY continues on next page
THE DAILY OBSERVER Tuesday, April 24, 2018 Page 21
JOL HUMAN & SOCIAL BIOLOGY continued from previous page
Alcohol may also cause miscarriage, preterm birth Marijuana produces a euphoria ‘high’ that generally makes
(baby born too soon) and still birth (baby born dead). the user feel more relaxed, happy and more talkative. It
It is important that expectant mothers avoid alcohol can also increase appetite. Marijuana may also cause a
during pregnancy. rapid heart rate, increased blood pressure and breathing
rate, red eyes, dry mouth and slow reaction time.
Marijuana can also cause anxiety, distrust, fear or panic.
MARIJUANA (CANNABIS) Although marijuana may provide pleasure for males, it can
decrease their testosterone level, which can lead to a
Marijuana also known as ‘ganja’ in Jamaica is an illicit decrease in sperm count and infertility. Marijuana also has
drug. It is the most widely used illicit drug in the world. effects on a woman’s hormones. It can cause irregular
Marijuana comes from the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. As menstrual cycles, depressions and an increase in
a drug, marijuana is a hallucinogen. Hallucinogens are testosterone level. There is also the possibility that she can
drugs that cause hallucinations which are distortions in have children with moderate to severe physical and mental
a person’s perceptions of reality. People see images, hear deficiencies such as learning disabilities because the baby
sounds, and feel sensations that seem real but do not is born with a weak central nervous system.
exist. Marijuana is usually smoked as a cigarette called a
‘spliff’. Some people also smoke it in pipes known as Leroy Munroe is on staff of the Trench Town Polytechnic
‘chillum pipe’ in Jamaica. Like other drugs, marijuana can College " Email: leroy_munroe@yahoo.com
be an addictive drug.
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T ODAY !
THE DAILY OBSERVER Tuesday, April 24, 2018 Page 22
Attempt the following questions then check the answers 5. A list of account balances taken from the ledger as at a
at the end of the lesson. particular date is called a
a) trial balance
1. Which of the following BEST describes ‘double-entry’? b) trading account
a) Each account must have two sides c) profit and loss account
b) Each transaction must have two debit entries d) balance sheet
c) Each transaction must have a debit entry and a
6. Why is a trial balance prepared?
credit entry
a) To test the arithmetical accuracy of the
d) Each transaction must have two credit entries
double-entry postings
b) To list real and personal accounts only
c) To ensure that there are no errors in the books
2. The statement that gives the financial position of a d) To ensure that the control accounts are correct
business is a
a) trial balance 7. The process by which closing stock is determined at the
b) trading account end of a period is called
c) profit and loss account a) double-entry
d) balance sheet b) contra-entry
c) stock-taking
d) reconciling
3. Which of the following should NOT be entered in the
8. In the trial balance, discounts received should be shown as
Purchases Account?
a) a debit item
a) Credit purchases of goods
b) a credit item
b) Cash purchases of goods c) either a debit or a credit
c) Purchases of fixed assets d) neither a debit nor a credit
d) Items bought for resale
9. The balance in the discount allowed account is
transferred to the
4. Which of the following transactions should be credited a) trading account
to the cash account of a business? b) profit and loss account
a) Receipts from customers c) balance sheet
b) Additional capital introduced in cash d) two-column cash book
c) Goods sold for cash
d) Cash drawings by proprietor JOL PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTS continues on next page
THE DAILY OBSERVER Tuesday, April 24, 2018 Page 23
JOL PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTS continued from previous page
10. Items of long life which are not bought specifically 16. Where the cash book records the complete
for resale are called double-entry for a transaction, this is called
a) intangible assets a) reconciliation
b) fixed assets b) single entry
c) current assets
c) original entry
d) stock
d) contra entry
Questions 21-23 are based on the following information. 27. The bad debts account is closed by a transfer to the
a) trial balance
A motor van which costs $5,000 is to be depreciated at the b) trading account
rate of 20%, using the reducing balance method. c) profit and loss account
d) balance sheet
21. The accumulated depreciation after two years
would be 28. A provision for bad debts account is created
a) $800 a) to write off bad debts
b) $1,000 b) to account for debts which are likely to go bad
c) $1,800 c) when debtors pay promptly
d) $2,000 d) when goods are sold for cash
22. What is the remaining book value on the motor van 29. At the end of each period, the balance on the
provision for bad debts account is
after two years?
a) transferred to the trading account
a) $4,200
b) added to fixed assets in the balance sheet
b) $4,000
c) added to debtors in the balance sheet
c) $3,200
d) deducted from debtors on the balance sheet
d) $3,000
Questions 30-32 are based on the following:
23. If the motor van should be sold for $3,500 after two a) banker’s order
years, then there would be b) credit transfer
a) a profit of $300 c) dishonoured cheque
b) a loss of $300 d) late lodgement
c) a loss of $1,500 Each answer may be used once, more than once
d) neither a profit nor a loss or not at all.
24. Working Capital is calculated as: 30. A deposit made by the firm which does not appear
a) total assets less total liabilities on the bank statement is termed
b) total assets less current liabilities ________________________________________________________
c) current assets plus current liabilities
d) current assets less current liabilities 31. Where the proprietor instructs his bank to make
payments on his behalf, this is called
25. Where a business finds it impossible to collect a ________________________________________________________
debt, that debt should be
a) included in debtors 32. A cheque returned by the bank marked ‘Refer to
b) treated as a discount allowed Drawer’ is called _____________________________________
c) set-off
d) written off as bad 33. Accrued wages should appear on the books of the
firm as a
26. The entries needed to write off a debt as a) fixed asset
irrecoverable are b) current asset
a) debit debtor and credit sales c) long-term liability
b) debit bank and credit debtor d) current liability
c) debit debtor and credit bad debts
d) debit bad debts and credit debtor JOL PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTS continues on next page
THE DAILY OBSERVER Tuesday, April 24, 2018 Page 25
JOL PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTS continued from previous page
ANSWERS TO LESSON 26
3 (a) (i) This is because different crops need different (v) The more the wood is submerged the
nutrients so there will always be nutrients greater is the weight of water displaced so
available for the next crop. Also if there are the greater is the upthrust.
disease organisms in the soil which attack the
previous crop, it will not attack the next crop (vi)
as specific organisms attack specific crops.
(ii) Beans are leguminous plants which have
nodules that house bacteria which
converts nitrogen in the air to nitrates.
(iii) The grass growing allows the soil to lay
fallow and also prevents soil erosion.
(iv) The grass does not take in much nutrient
so the soil is allowed to ‘rest’. Also the (vii) Methylated spirit being less dense causes
roots of the grass bind the soil and prevent the objects to sink deeper.
it from being washed away.
(v) This practice helps to return nutrients from 5 (a) (i) Gas, solid and liquid
the old plants back into the soil. (ii) As sound enters the ear it passes through
(vi) Earthworms tunnel into soil, thus aerating the ear in the ear canal. Then it passes
it. Also the droppings of earthworms through the three bones of the middle ear
increase nutrient content of soil. and finally through the liquid in the
(b) (i) Ectoparasites live inside the host while cochlea.
endoparasites live on the host (iii) The vibrations through the cochlea activate
(ii) Ectoparasite: aphids, love vine tiny hairs attached to sensory cells which
Endoparasites: smuts, and rusts send impulses to the brain to interpret as
(iii) Rusts causes black or brown spots to form sound.
on leaves. This reduces the leaves ability (iv) It helps to maintain the pressure in the
to photosynthesize’ inner ear.
(b) (i) False. Although we can’t hear such sounds,
4. (a) (i) To show that the density of objects depend its presence can cause us to be confused,
on the volume it encloses.
depressed and even lose control over our
(ii) The one in the shape of a boat
movements.
(iii) The one in the shape of a boat has the
(ii) True. Toy phones which use wire for sound
same mass but a bigger volume as its
volume includes that of the air it encloses. to travel allow sound to be heard in a
This gives it a smaller density as density is shorter time than through air.
mass divided by volume. (iii) True. Piano and guitar played on C note
(iv) The mass of the plasticines. have different sounds because the notes
have different harmonics.
(b) (i) Different wood is submerged in different
amounts in water.
(ii) The wood pieces are of different densities 6 (a) (i) In the first method, the fulcrum is in the
due to differences in masses.
middle while in the second method, the
(iii) It is the force exerted on a floating object
load is in the middle.
and is proportional to the weight of water
displaced.
(iv) A,B and C JOL INTEGRATED SCIENCE continues on next page
THE DAILY OBSERVER Tuesday, April 24, 2018 Page 28
JOL INTEGRATED SCIENCE continued from previous page
(ii)
PROSE
SAMPLE QUESTIONS • The Boy Who Loved Ice Cream by Olive Senior
Write an essay in which you describe the situation of • To Da-duh, in Memoriam by Paule Marshall
racism that the main character in EACH story faces. In Today I will discuss To Da-duh, in Memoriam and The Day
this essay, you must also discuss the impact of the the World Almost Came to an End.
racism experienced and explain ONE view that EACH
author has about racism. (Total 25 marks) JOL ENGLISH LITERATURE continues on next page
THE DAILY OBSERVER Tuesday, April 24, 2018 Page 30
JOL ENGLISH LITERATURE continued from previous page
Although the narrator tries to refute what her cousin has What a spectacle she created. The neighbours came out of
their houses with their lamps to see what the commotion
said, she is still frightened. Based on her actions she would
was about. Fortunately, her father and some other deacons
surely end up in hell if the world ended. She reflects on the
terrible images of hell that the preacher had spoken of were coming up the road from church as she was running
from the pulpit – the eternal fire that burned and burned and he stopped her. He had heard her shouting that the
and people never died. world was coming to an end. He had also heard the loud
sound in the sky and knew that it was an aeroplane. As such
To allay her fears the narrator decides to question her he told her that what she was hearing was an aeroplane
father who is a deacon in the church. Her father laughs and and that it was not the sounds of the world ending.
tells her that although he is sure that the world will end
When she looks into the sky she sees a light moving slowly
one day, nobody knows exactly when that day will be. He
across. Although she had heard about aeroplanes, she had
also tells her that she should not worry about such things
never seen one before (remember this is 1936). It was truly
or she would live a miserable life just waiting around for
a frightening ordeal, made worse by the rumour she had
the end to come.
heard that the world was about to end.
When her father goes off to church that Friday she is still As she walks back up the road to the house with her father,
worried. The narrator gets into bed but she does not go the narrator is overjoyed. She becomes aware of how
to sleep. Instead she stays awake with visions of hell on precious life is. She even appreciates the simple things that
her mind. Suddenly she hears a low rumbling sound in the she once took for granted and pledges to live and enjoy
distance. She is sure that it is not thunder. The sound is life to the fullest after this frightening experience.
constant and gets increasingly louder and louder. Then the
earth seemed to be vibrating and the sky seemed to be That’s the lesson for this week. I hope you will join me next
caving in! The narrator concludes that the world was week as you continue to prepare for the exam.
coming to an end after all.
Simone Gibbs is on the staff of Calabar High School
She runs out of her house in her nightgown and runs down
" Email: simonecgibbs@yahoo.com
the road screaming that the world was coming to an end.
LECTURE SERIES
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THE DAILY OBSERVER Tuesday, April 24, 2018 Page 32 www.jamaicaobserver.com
Online:
► Communication
Studies 33 – 36
► Caribbean
Studies 37 – 40
PENSIVE
PRISON OVAL, ST. CATHERINE: St Jago High School football supporters pensively
watched their team play against Denham Town High School on Thursday, April
19, 2018. Denham Town High prevailed and will advance to the final round.
(PHOTO: GARFIELD ROBINSON)
LECTURE SERIES (3 rd
Edition)
The most comprehensive collection of CSEC study guides: NOW
English Language and Information Technology AVAILABLE
Available at JAMAICA OBSERVER LIMITED: • Kingston – 926-7655
• Ocho Rios – 795-3632 • Montego Bay – 979-2401 • Mandeville – 963-0515
Also available at bookstores islandwide.
THE DAILY OBSERVER Tuesday, April 24, 2018 Page 33
ANSWERS
Items 1-5
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C
For this week we will be getting into some more multiple choice items but this time for modules 2.
In your syllabus you will realise that you are expected to know about the different languages spoken in other parts of
the Caribbean region. What we find is that the standardized language of an island is based on its colonisers. Let us
look at our situation in Jamaica for example. We were colonized by the British and so our standardized language is
English. A similar concept can be said for another island. Let us look at Cuba. Spain was the colonizer and so you will
find that they are a Spanish speaking territory. Let us have a look at some of the salient points you need to remember
for this aspect of the syllabus.
• There are many varieties or types of languages, even within one island.
• With these differences it can be said that we speak a dialect.
• A dialect then is any variety of a language spoken by a group of people
• So we all speak different varieties of Standard English (British, American & Caribbean)
• These standard forms share the same structures and are internationally acceptable i.e. they are understood by
other speakers of English around the world.
• The differences lie primarily in vocabulary, pronunciation and spelling.
The table below will give you a view of some of the different words used across the region – for the same thing, believe it or not.
If you thought it was only bulla as highlighted on the Ity & Fancy Cat show well guess again. It is so interesting that
so many words will exist for just about the same item. Well, we are an absolutely diverse region, right?
Below you will see that there are a myriad of languages spoken in the region. Again, note that the standardized version
is based on who colonized the island therefore the creole of any island will differ and have aspects of the parent
language. Have a look at what I mean.
I am hoping that you would have seen that there are actually some islands that have more than one language as it
Creole language. If this may seem a bit much for some of you at this point just remember to note the colonisers of the
island and it should help with you being able to identify the corresponding Creole.
This is where we will end for this week but of course I would like to leave you with a few practice questions. Please be
reminded that where you have questions do not be afraid to ask your teacher for help. You should have concretised
your study groups by now so you can also have your discussions when next you meet.
I am also sharing a video which should help to summarise what we covered today.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2az52fX1trU
Items 1 – 3
Instructions: Examine the following table which displays the linguistic groupings of four Caribbean countries and
then answer Items 1 - 3.
1 2 3 4
Dominica St. Kitt Dominican Republic St Eustatius
St. Lucia Haiti Puerto Rico Aruba
2. On the basis of language spoken, which of the following countries could replace Arubain Column 4?
(A) Saba
(B) Belize
(C) Dominica
(D) St Thomas
3. In which of the following islands would a group of Trinidadians be likely to encounter the LEAST difficulty
communicating with the locals?
(A) St. Croix
(B) St. Lucia
(C) St. Vincent
(D) St. Eustatius
For next week’s lesson we will look at some more multiple choice questions as we finalise our review of the syllabus
and as you look forward to your study break. Until next week, take are, and don’t forget to read and prepare.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF SPORTS
AND INTELLECTUAL TRADITIONS
Hello everyone, welcome back to today’s lesson. We are at the last lap of the Caribbean Sea
Syllabus and the unit of focus comes from Module 2: Issues in Caribbean
Development; Contributions of Sports and Intellectual Traditions. Remember
you need to be reading in order to comprehend the topic(s) that are covered
each week. See you next week and all the best for the remainder of this week.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF SPORTS
Sport has been a dominant
feature of Caribbean society
since colonization. It has
contributed to educational
advancement, recreational
f ul f il l men t, he a lt h an d
f i tn ess w ell - be ing an d
economic development in
the region.
“Adopted from CAPE Caribbean
Studies by Ottley, Gentles and
Dawson, Page 259”
Sports can also be seen as an avenue for sustainable development in the Caribbean. It can be seen as an avenue to
increase equity, productivity, empowerment and sustainability.
AVENUES MEANS/WAYS
• Promotes a healthy lifestyle. This is particularly important when there are disparities in the
health system. Sports offers not only fitness but is also a vehicle for the prevention of lifestyle
diseases such as diabetes and heart disease. Sport helps to strengthen the cardio vascular
Equity and skeletal systems, improves mental and emotional health and builds endurance.
• Offers opportunities for study abroad. Often this is the only opportunity individuals may
have to afford tertiary education. Tertiary education and the job opportunities that are
opened are vehicles for social mobility.
• Professional sports and amateur activities can increase the Gross Domestic Product of a
country. Income may be gained from athletes’ efforts as well as the other professionals who
support sporting events and organizations.
• A health conscious population will be more attentive to nutrition and should abstain more readily
Productivity from alcohol, smoking and other harmful practices. This will reduce health care costs particularly
if there is a sport policy which includes children, youth, adults the aged and disabled.
• There’s the theory that sport fosters discipline which contributes to productivity.
• Tourism may be boosted by sports. International matches attract spectators, media houses
and officials. These events are often catalysts for extended vacations.
• Human health and wellbeing are maintained, thus decreasing the prominence of lifestyle illnesses.
Sustainability
• Parks, fields and tracks provide green areas for communities.
ACTIVITY 1
3 Please do additional reading on sports (traditional/non-traditional) in the Caribbean. Focus should be placed on
outstanding sports men and women from the Caribbean and how their participating in the sport contributions to
the Caribbean society (how the Caribbean benefits).
3 Discuss at least FIVE challenges to Sports.
3 Assess the role of the following and the correlation to development:
• Usain Bolt; ISSA Boy’s and Girl’s Championships; 20/20 Cricket.
“For hundreds of years ideologies in the Caribbean were framed and guided by European colonial forces. The European culture
of empire and white superiority were imposed as the dominant culture, which also included intellectual thought and ideas.
By the start of the 20th century, thinkers were emerging from within the region: people such as Marcus Garvey and Aime’
Cesaire. These Pan-Africanists embraced Mother Africa and were very influential in promulgating original and somewhat
revolutionary ideas for their time. These thinkers challenged the existing stereotypes of limited black cognitive capacity.”
Adopted from CAPE Caribbean Studies by Ottley, Gentles and Dawson, page 242.
3 Define the terms Pan-Africanism, Negritude, Rastafari, Industrialization by Invitation, Marxism and Dependency
Theory, Feminist.
3 Explain how the above terms impacts on development in the region.
3 Outline and assess Caribbean feminist thought and the contribution of Indo-Caribbean thought and Indigenous
perspectives on development.
ACTIVITY 2
From the definitions below, match the correct the following words (Pan-Africanism, Negritude, Rastafari,
Industrialization by Invitation, Marxism and Dependency Theory) to their meaning.
TERMS DEFINITIONS
Jamaican-based religion worshipping the late Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie as a
black divinity.
The notion that the ‘periphery’ (poor undeveloped countries) produce and sell primary
products or raw materials to the ‘core’ (rich industrialized countries) at very low prices.
The development strategy where foreign investors are encouraged by incentives to
set up manufacturing industries in the Caribbean countries.
ACTIVITY 3
Independent Research
3 Explain how these terms - Pan-Africanism, Negritude, Rastafari, Industrialization by Invitation, Marxism and
Dependency Theory, and Feminist impacts on development in the region
3 Outline and assess Caribbean feminist thought and the contribution of Indo-Caribbean thought and Indigenous
perspectives on development.