Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACK GROUND

Rationale

The advance and improve usage of social media platform such as

facebook has become a worldwide phenomenon for quite sometime. Though it all

started has been a hobby several computes literates individual has changed to

become a social norm and existence-style for students around the world.

Students and teenagers have especially recognized these social platforms to be

able to contact their peers, share information, reinvent their personas, and

showcase their social live (Nicole, 2007). The advent of internet in the 1990s led

to major development in the world communication hence the introduction of

social networking (SNSs). The coming into being of these sites celebrates its

improvement ranging from education to entertainment. The evolution of the

internet has led to its usage as the best medium of communication where by two-

thirds (2/3) of the internet world’s and connection tool. These networking sires

are referred to as social media (Boyd abd Ellison, 2007). Social media has a

negative association with students; academic performance which is much greater

than the advantages derived through the use of social media platforms. People

around the globe have been addicted to the internet which has given rise to more

students using social media more often than before ( Nalwa and Anad, 2003).

Social network is a social structure made up of individuals or organization called

“ndes”, which are led by one or more specific types of interdependency, such as
friendship, kinship, common interest, financial exchange, dislike, sexual

relationship or relationship belief, knowledge or prestige (Abeboy, 2012 cited in

Aemah and Edlegon, 2012)

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

This study is anchored on the Theory of Connectivism by Siemens and

Downes (2015). This is a learning theory that explains how Internet technologies

have created new opportunities for people to learn and share information across

the World Wide Web and among them. There are also theories that further

support this study like Adaptive Structuration theory (DeSanctis, Poole 1994),

Diffusion of innovations Theory (E. Rogers, 2003) and Social learning theory

(Bandura 1977).

According to Siemens and Downes (2005) that in Connectivism theory,

the key feature of connectivism is that much learning can happen across peer

networks that take place online. In connectivist learning, a teacher will guide

students to information and answer key questions as needed, in order to support

students learning and sharing on their own. Students are also encouraged to

seek out information on their own online and express what they find. A connected

community around this shared information often results. Our study can relate to

this theory because this is a learning theory that focuses about interconnection

among people that allows them to acquire and share information through social

media. It also embodies structural and ethical communication by means of

sharing information that is significant to the academics of senior high school

students.

Adaptive Structuration Theory of DeSanctis and Poole (1994), as cited

from Rainsa, S.A. & Bonito, J.A. (2017), offers an explanation for the use and

effects of technologies in organizations. AST focuses on the dynamic relationship

between the structures provided by technologies (e.g., document sharing) and

the ways in which those structures are used by organizational members (e.g.,

collaboratively produced documents).AST is an approach for studying the role of

advanced information technologies in organizational change. The theory seeks to

understand the types of structures that are provided by advanced technologies

and the structures that actually emerge in human action as people interact with

these technologies. This can be related to our study concerning internet use for

academics because in using the internet you acquire and share certain

information that is needed in school and thus you come across social media

communities or organizations in which this theory takes effect where it describes

as how people deal in structural organizations that makes use of technologies

(e.g. Internet).

On the other hand, Diffusion of innovations Theory by Rogers (2003)

predicts that media as well as interpersonal contacts provide information and

influence opinion and judgment. Diffusion is the “process by which an innovation

is communicated through certain channels over a period of time among the

members of a social system”. An innovation is “an idea, practice, or object that is

perceived to be new by an individual or other unit of adoption”. “Communication

is a process in which participants create and share information with one another

to reach a mutual understanding” (Rogers, 1995). This theory focuses on the

sharing of information by the media and to exercise the freedom of speech be it

on the Internet and interpersonally.We can say that this theory is correlated to

our study because this explains through social media the freedom of speech by
means of providing information and influence opinions which may have a

significant effect to others that may serve as future basis for future school

researches or activities.

Social Learning Theory by Bandura (1977) explains human behavior in

terms of continuous reciprocal interaction between cognitive, behavioral and

environmental influences. Its underlying assumption is that behavior is a result of

human and environmental factors and does not result from either factor alone.

According to Bandura (1977, 1986), human behavior is learned through

interaction with and observation of other in a social context. He used the term

reciprocal determinism to describe the interactive associations among

environmental and individual variables that influence behavior over time. This

theory implicates the internal and external behavior of a certain person when

exposed to certain social societies. This is in relation with influence of social

media to students' academic performanceone of the advantages of the internet to

the academics of the students, social communication, in which it tackles about

how a person’s behavior is manifested in many ways and is also clearly seen as

to how a student interacts with the virtual community that can help him/her

become a more vocal and active netizen of the online world, by which is what he

or she can attain by the use of the internet.

Theoretical Framework

Influence of social media to

students’ academic profile

Profile:

Age

Gender

Theories of Connectivism

(Siemens and Downes, 2005)

Adaptive Structuration Theory

(DeSanctis and Poole, 1994)

Diffusions of Innovations
Theory

(Rogers, 2003)

Social Learning Theory

(Bandura, 1997).

Information gathering and

socialization through the social
media

Figure 1 The Theoretical and Conceptual Framework of Influence of social

media to academic performance of students among Grade 12 STEM

students University of Cebu Senior High School.

Statement of the problem

This study aims to determine the Influence of social media to students’

academic performance among grade 12 STEM students in University of Cebu

Senior High School during the academic year 2018-2019 as a basis of propose

output.

Specifically, this aims to answer the following question:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 sex

1.2 age

2. What is the degree of the social media influence to the respondents in

terms of the ff.:

2.1 students addictiveness

2.2 exposure of students

2.3 use of social media

3. What is the academic performance of the respondents (SY: 2017-

2018)

4. Is there a significant relationship between influence of social media

and academic performance of the respondents

Scope and limitation

This study is only limited to the influences of social media to the school

academic performance as perceived by the Grade 12 STEM students of

University of Cebu Main – Senior High School Department in school year 2018 –

2019 who is heavily influenced of the social medias.

Considering that the researchers are all senior high school students, they

also concluded their selves as the students who are also influenced. Hence, they

are also part of the limitation.

Significance of the study

In this study the students will know the possible effects of social media on

their academic performance in school; they will be able to understand the

consequences of using social media in their everyday life.

Students, In this study will eventually know what would be the good thing

to do when using social media; this will help them limit their selves in using social

media.

Teachers, In this study the teachers will know how it would affect their

students' academic performance if they will always allow their students to search

their answers on the internet and letting them do the activities online. They will

also know if it's a good thing or a bad thing.

Parents, In this study the parents would be able to know if using social

media will be effective and if their child will get a good grades if they allow them
to be dependent to the internet, they will also know if they should limit their child

or not.

School Administrator, This study will improve their knowledge on how

social media affects the performance of students. This will make them think of

the possible activities to reduce addictiveness of students to social media.

Principal, this study will contribute a lot for it gives them clue to make a

more reliable and helpful strategies in improving the knowledge of students.

Future researchers, this study will help the researchers in finding more

reliable and relevant study that they focused to, this will guide them in a good

and reliable study.

Definition of terms

The term used in this study is conceptually and operationally based:

Social Media forms of electronic communication (such as Web sites for

social networking and micro blogging) through which users create online
communities to share information, ideas, personal message, and other content.

Social marked by or passed in pleasant companionship with friends or

associates

Media the broadcasting or publishing of works.

Academic Performance
 Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This section provides an overview of the influence of social media to

students’ academic performance. This also serves as the basis of filling in the

gap of knowledge revolving around the world of students engage in social meia.

Students Addictiveness

On the internet, educatee engages in a form of activities some of

which may be potentially addictive (Kuss and Griffiths, 2011). The attention of the

young people is hard to obtain that made their parents a lot of concern; youth are

more focused on the fascinating world of social media that makes them wants to

get out from reality (Itodo, 2011). In the Sunday observer, they observe that the

most dangerous trend in social media is “obsession” that could make the

education of Nigeria collapsed. The reason that the student has a poor

performance n school is strange and blames the poor quality of lectures. It might

also be the “Facebook frenzy” that has not been heard. Today youth are more

engaging in social media they even in walking they are chatting. It is common to

see people chatting in a place like; church, mosque, and lecture venues (Belo,

2012).

(Morahan-Martin and Schumacher, 2000) explain social media

dependance as the excessive use of the cyberspace and the unsuccessful person

to dominance this usage which seriously damage a person’s life. The mass charm
of sociable media on the internet could be a cause for business organisation,

particularly when attending to the gradually increasing total of fourth dimension

pupil spend online. Many student cannot go for two-three hours without checking

and updating their visibility on these social networks even at the hurt of other

body process such as educational and vocation sideline. Undergraduates spend

more time on Facebook, Chirrup and other social media through smartphones

that are now in teemingness among these youths.

Student Exposure in engaging social media

Exposure of the undergraduate students of Kogi State University have

effect on their academic performance (Asemah et al., 2013). It has been

observed in Recent times that bookman have unlimited access to the cyberspace

as well as the social media. The scholarly person connects with a computer to

send and receive information from anywhere on the globe. The manufacturing

and distribution of equally sophisticated cellular earpiece have complicated the

situation, as the pupil, no learner need to visit a cybercafé before they send and

receive subject matter. Some school time is so equipped that there is internet

connecter make available within the school premises as well as in the subroutine

program library. Online Wikipedia and blog are the main resource centers for

educatee as tending have been shifted from making research in the library to

overall dependence on theses social 28 political programs. It is a common thing

to see a student reading in the library and Synonyms/Hypernyms (Ordered by

Estimated Frequency) of noun put the books aside on hearing the sound of a

Ping River on the phone (Osharive, 2015).

Use of Social Media to students’ academic performance

Students' academic living has moved to a different proportion since the

introduction of these social media meshwork and several studies have Affirmed

that social media plays an important use on students in higher education

(Wheeler et al,.2008). Social media is widely considered to improve collaborative

eruditeness among educatee and enquiry. However, there is a surprising lack of

empirical research in Malaysian higher Department of Education to improve

carrying into action of students and researchers through the effective use of

mixer media that facilitates desirable effect. Thus, this work offers a review of the

empirical literature, and its distinctiveness stems from the direction on

collaborative learnedness and betrothal to understand the interactive factor

relevant that affect academic performance. This study also explores factors that

contribute to the enhancement of collaborative learning and engagement through

sociable media. It is unique in that it highlights that the effective use of social

media for collaborative learning, engagement, and intent to use social media" - a

phenomenon that relies on the theory of social constructivist learning. The

findings showed that collaborative learning, engagement, and intention to use

social media positively and significantly relate to the interactivity of research

group fellow member with peers and research students with supervisors to

improve their academic performance in Malaysian higher education (Al-Rhami et

al., 2015). To them social media is the use of Facebook, Blogs, Twitter, My

Space and LinkedIn for the purpose of communication, sharing photos as well as

videos. However for the purpose of this study social media is captured within the
use of internet through Facebook, Whatsap, Twitter, Skype, MySpace as well as

Yahoo Messenger for communication sharing of ideas, sharing of photos and

videos by users. The increased use of Social Networking Websites has become

an international phenomenon in the past several years. What started out as a

hobby for some computer literate people has become a social norm and way of

life for people from all over the world (Boyd, 2007).