HF Communication System

TM
AIRCRAFT
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY:ON ACFT WITH HF SYSTEM
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HF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Phenom 100 - SDS 2432 Page 1 of 16

23-11-00 Rev 14 - Dec 10/10
Copyright © 2010 by Embraer - Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica S.A. All rights reserved.
TM
AIRCRAFT
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
Introduction
The HF (High Frequency) COM (Communications) system is a long-

range, two-way system that enables communication between aircraft,
or between aircraft and ground stations. The HF COM system operates
in the HF radio band from 2.0000 to 29.9999 MHz. The system uses
the AM (Amplitude Modulation) methods and operates in the simplex
mode on one frequency or in the split mode with separate transmit and
receive frequencies.
A dedicated HF control panel, installed on pilot’s side, allows frequency
tuning, controls, and indications. The HF receiver/exciter contains an
exciter, which produces a very low power signal, which is fed to the HF
power amplifier. The HF receiver/exciter handles system control
communication, control emission modes, and control transmission
power.
The figure HF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - OVERVIEW provides
further data on the preceding text.

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AIRCRAFT
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY:ON EMBRAER 500 ACFT WITH HF SYSTEM
2.000 MHz
TO
29.999 MHz
2.000 MHz
2.000 MHz TO
TO 29.999 MHz
29.999 MHz
EM500ENSDS230076A.DGN
GROUND STATION
HF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - OVERVIEW

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AIRCRAFT
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
General Description within the unit can develop RF voltages in excess of 3000V at a 200W
power level. The unit is installed near the HF antenna adapter in order
The HF COM system operates in the AM or in the USB (Upper to minimize the feedline length and, thus, maximize the transmission
Sideband) emission mode. Voice operation can be either simplex
efficiency.
(same frequency) or duplex.
The HF COM system includes these components:
The audio related to the HF COM system is managed by both the pilot
and the copilot through the audio panels. The received audio signal is • HF control panel (AMM MPP 23-11-01/400)
delivered through analog lines to both audio panels. The audio signal to
be transmitted (microphone) is delivered to the HF receiver/exciter • HF power amplifier (AMM MPP 23-11-03/400)
through audio panel 1 (pilot’s side). The audio signal originated from • HF antenna coupler (AMM MPP 23-11-04/400)
audio panel 2 is digitally routed to audio panel 1, which, in turn, delivers
the signal to the HF receiver/exciter. • HF antenna adapter (AMM MPP 23-11-05/400)
Four methods of noise reduction (squelch) are available in the system, • HF antenna (AMM MPP 23-11-06/400)
as well as a clarifier function to compensate for frequency distortion of
received signals. The system is interconnected with the main avionics • HF receiver/exciter (AMM MPP 23-11-02/400)
suite. Therefore, the failure messages generated by its LRU (Line
The figure HF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - BLOCK DIAGRAM
Replaceable Unit)s can be logged and stored by the CMC (Central
provides further data on the preceding text.
Maintenance Computer), supporting maintenance actions.
The HF receiver/exciter contains an exciter, which produces a very low
power level RF (Radio Frequency) signal, which is delivered to the HF
power amplifier. Such excitation signal is amplified by the HF power
amplifier. The amplified signal is then routed to the HF antenna coupler,
which matches the antenna impedance (which varies according to the
frequency) to the 50Ω output of the transmitter. In the receive mode,
signal from the antenna passes through the antenna coupler to the
receiver/exciter via the HF power amplifier.
Before the first transmission on each selected frequency, the system
performs a tuning cycle to match the antenna impedance. An aural
indication of the tune cycle is annunciated by a 1000Hz tone, until the
process is complete. The duration of the tuning cycle is typically about
50ms, for a previously tuned frequency, and may vary from 2s to 10s
for a frequency not previously tuned.
The HF antenna coupler is pressurized with nitrogen to prevent internal
arcing in high altitude environments, as the RF matching networks
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AIRCRAFT
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
DC BUS 1 DC BUS 1
HF
HF
AMPL
HF ON/OFF HF ANTENNA
RF RF
ARINC 429
HF POWER
ARINC 429 AMPLIFIER
HF CONTROL HF ANTENNA
PANEL COUPLER
HF
RECEIVER/
DATA EXCITER
CONCENTRATOR
UNIT PTT
MIC AUDIO
PANEL 1
AUDIO
COCKPIT
DIMMER
KEY EVENT
EM500ENSDS230064C.DGN
AUDIO
AUDIO
PTT PANEL 2
SELCAL
DECODER
HF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - BLOCK DIAGRAM

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AIRCRAFT
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
Components
HF CONTROL PANEL
The HF COM system can be fully controlled by the HF control panel
installed in the LH (Left-Hand) lateral console, in the cockpit. The audio
related to the system can be accessed by the pilots through both audio
panels.
The main functions of the HF control panel are listed below:
• ON/OFF/Volume (Inner concentric knob)
• Function Selector (Outer concentric knob)
• Emergency Channel Access Key
• Functional Test Key
• Display Area
• Sub-Function Select Key
• Transmit Lamp
• Outer Selector Knob (outer concentric knob)
• Inner Selector Knob (inner concentric knob)
• Enter Key
The figure HF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - HF CONTROL PANEL
LOCATION provides further data on the preceding text.

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AIRCRAFT
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
A LH LATERAL
CONSOLE
HF CONTROL PANEL
B
HF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - HF CONTROL PANEL LOCATION

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AIRCRAFT
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
HF POWER AMPLIFIER the aircraft is at a lower altitude with enough air pressure so the
The HF power amplifier is installed in the rear electronic compartment, antenna coupler does not arc internally.
in a mounting tray attached to the aircraft’s rack through four screws. HF ANTENNA ADAPTER
The LRU is fastened to the mounting tray through a clamping knob The lower end of the HF antenna is connected to the HF antenna
mechanism, which facilitates the removal and installation of the adapter (feedthrough adapter) which is attached to the fuselage
equipment. It has two coaxial connectors and one multi-pin connector. compartment ceiling. The HF antenna adapter is used to connect the
The HF COM system is power supplied by the 28V DC electrical bus. feedline (coming from the HF antenna coupler) to the HF antenna.
The HF power amplifier increases the power level of the signal from the HF RECEIVER/EXCITER
HF receiver/exciter up to a 200W peak envelope power transmitted
The HF receiver/exciter is installed in the rear electronic compartment,
signal in the SSB (Single Sideband) mode of operation, or the 50W in in a mounting tray attached to the aircraft rack through four screws. The
the AM equivalent mode of operation. In the receive operation, the HF LRU is fastened to the mounting tray through a clamping knob
power amplifier passes the receiver signal from the HF antenna coupler mechanism, which facilitates the removal and installation of the
to the HF receiver/exciter. equipment. It has two front panel connectors: a coaxial connector for
HF ANTENNA COUPLER inputs/outputs to/from the HF power amplifier and a multi-pin electrical
The HF antenna coupler is installed in the rear electronic compartment, connector for the data and power interface.
in a mounting tray attached to the aircraft rack through four screws. The The HF receiver/exciter operates in the range of 2.0000 to 29.9999
LRU is fastened to the mounting tray through a clamping knob MHz in 1 kHz increments. The 100 programmable channels available
mechanism, which facilitates the removal and installation of the with the HF control panel are easily programmed while on the ground or
equipment. It is installed near the HF antenna for minimum power loss in the air. The unit operates in the simplex mode and gives an option for
and maximum performance. The HF antenna coupler requires a good the split transmit/receive frequencies. The HF receiver/exciter supplies
RF grounding, so it is bonded to the rack through a conductive strip. both a transmit and a receive function to the HF COM system.
The HF antenna coupler matches the impedance of the antenna to the The HF control panel is connected to the HF receiver/exciter via low
50W coaxial output of the HF power amplifier. The unit has a coaxial speed ARINC (Aeronautical Radio Incorporated) 429 interface, which
connector for the HF power amplifier input and other coaxial connector allows full control of the system operational modes. Status information
for the HF antenna. The HF antenna coupler has two multi-pin and failure messages are sent from the HF receiver/exciter to the HF
connectors. One connector is used for the signal and power control panel and to the data concentrator unit through another low-
connection. The other connector is used only for test purposes. The HF speed ARINC 429 interface. The data concentrator unit forwards the
antenna coupler uses 28V DC power. failure messages to the CMC, which stores the message to support
For operation at altitude, the HF antenna coupler is pressurized so it maintenance actions.
does not arc internally. If the pressurization decreases, the power The figure HF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - COMPONENTS
amplifier will reduce the transmission power to a safe level. If the LOCATION provides further data on the preceding text.
pressurization fails completely, the HF system stops transmission until

23-11-00 Rev 14 - Dec 10/10
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AIRCRAFT
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
ZONE
317 E
318
D
A
B
C
HF ANTENNA HF POWER HF RECEIVER/ HF ANTENNA
COUPLER AMPLIFIER EXCITER ADAPTER
B C D E
HF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - COMPONENTS LOCATION

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AIRCRAFT
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
HF ANTENNA
The HF antenna is installed under the dorsal fin and under the vertical
fin leading edge fairing. It consists of a coaxial cable which has one of
its ends connected to the top of the vertical stabilizer through a screw
and a nut. The coaxial cable is supported throughout its extension by
fastening rods attached to the vertical stabilizer. The HF antenna is
tightened to the rods through tie-down straps. The lower end of the HF
antenna is connected to the HF antenna adapter. When the dorsal fin is
installed, the lower end of the HF antenna can be accessed by
removing an inspection window of the fairing.
The figure HF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - HF ANTENNA
LOCATION provides further data on the preceding text.

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AIRCRAFT
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
ZONES
331
333
A
HF ANTENNA
A
HF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - HF ANTENNA LOCATION

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AIRCRAFT
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
Operation HF COM SYSTEM CONTROLS AND DISPLAYS

HF RECEIVER/EXCITER MODES The HF COM system can be fully controlled by the HF control panel
installed in the cockpit. The audio related to the system can be
The HF receiver/exciter operates in the frequency range of 2.0000 to
accessed by the pilots through both audio panels.
29.9999 MHz. It operates in the simplex mode in which the HF receiver/
exciter receives or transmits sequentially, but not at the same time. The The audio received by the HF radio can be accessed by pressing the
transmission and reception may be done at one frequency or at two COM3 key on the audio panel. The COM3 MIC key shall be selected
different frequencies as specified for the ITU (International and the PTT (Push-to-Talk) MIC (Microphone) switch shall be pressed
Telecommunications Union) semi-duplex channels. for the radio to transmit. There are four PTT MIC switches in the
cockpit: one on each control yoke and two on the glareshield panel.
The HF receiver/exciter transmits and receives an upper sideband
Audio transmission and reception can be performed using either the
signal, or an upper sideband with a carrier signal (AM equivalent).
headset or the handheld microphone and the loudspeakers.
In the receive mode, the HF receiver/exciter changes the HF input
The HF COM system can be switched off when HF communication is
signal to an intermediate frequency and digitizes the result for higher
not necessary by pressing and holding the inner left knob on the HF
quality demodulation.
control panel for three seconds. The system can be switched on again
HF ANTENNA COUPLER MODES by pressing the inner left knob. The volume can be adjusted by turning
The HF antenna coupler supplies the necessary 50W impedance the left inner knob.
interface between the HF power amplifier and the HF antenna. It has an
A functional test may also be initiated by pressing and holding the
internal computer that controls the HF power amplifier.
TEST key for three seconds. After three seconds, all display segments
HF POWER AMPLIFIER MODES will be lit and the TX indication will be illuminated on the HF control
The HF power amplifier receives the low-power signal from the HF panel display. The functional test takes about 30s.
receiver/exciter. It amplifies, filters, and then transmits the signal to the
The emission mode selection options include the USB and the AM. It is
HF antenna coupler. The HF power amplifier supplies two levels of
important to know the correct mode that matches the requirements of
output power:
the ground station. To select the desired mode, turn the left outer knob
• For the single-sideband operation, it supplies a maximum 200W to MOD. Pressing the FUNC key will toggle between modes. The mode
peak envelope power signal. can also be selected by turning the right inner or outer knob.
• For the AM operation, it supplies a maximum 50W signal. The HF COM system transmission power can be adjusted by turning
the left outer knob to OPT and then repeatedly pressing the FUNC key
A computer in the HF antenna coupler controls the HF power amplifier. until transmit power is selected. Turn the right inner or outer knob to
The HF power amplifier replaces the data with the HF receiver/exciter select the desired transmitter power output.
through an interface with the HF antenna coupler.
Long range HF signals received under less-than-optimum propagation
conditions may still vary in quality and volume. To use clarifier, turn the

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AIRCRAFT
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

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AIRCRAFT
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
left outer knob to OPT and then turn the right inner knob to adjust the
clarifier frequency up or down for reception.
To set the squelch, turn the left outer knob to the SQL (Signal Level
Squelch) position and then press the FUNC key to cycle through the
four types of squelch (SBH (Syllabic Squelch High), SBL (Syllabic
Squelch Low), SQH (Signal/Noise Squelch High) and SQL). Turn the
right inner knob to select the desired value for the selected squelch
type.
The figure HF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - HF COM SYSTEM
CONTROLS provides further data on the preceding text.

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AIRCRAFT
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
A LH LATERAL
CONSOLE (REF.)
HF CONTROL PANEL
A
HF
DISPLAY
1
FUNC KEY
RX
TEST KEY
RIGHT OUTER
KNOB
EMER TEST FUNC
VOL RIGHT INNER
FREQ CHAN TUNE KNOB
PUSH MOD TX ENT
EM500ENSDS230073B.DGN
LEFT OUTER PWR
KNOB
SQL
OPT
ENT KEY
LEFT INNER
KNOB
B TX INDICATION
LIGHT
HF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - HF COM SYSTEM CONTROLS

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AIRCRAFT
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
Training Information Points
WARNING: DO NOT OPERATE THE HF SYSTEM WHILE THE

AIRCRAFT IS IN A HANGAR OR ADJACENT TO METAL
BUILDINGS. TO PREVENT INJURY TO PERSONNEL
MOVE THE AIRCRAFT TO AN OPEN AREA.
WARNING: DO NOT TRANSMIT WITH THE HF COMMUNICATION

SYSTEM DURING THE AIRCRAFT REFUELING OR
DEFUELING OR WITHIN 100 FT FROM THE FUEL
TRUCKS. AN EXPLOSION CAN OCCUR AND CAUSE
INJURIES TO PERSONS AND DAMAGE TO THE
AIRCRAFT.
WARNING: DO NOT TOUCH THE RF OUTPUT TERMINAL ON THE

HF ANTENNA COUPLER, THE HF ANTENNA
FEEDLINE, THE HF POWER AMPLIFIER, THE
INSULATED HF ANTENNA ADAPTER OR THE HF
ANTENNA ITSELF DURING TRANSMISSION OR WHILE
THE HF SYSTEM IS IN SELF-TEST MODE. SERIOUS
RF BURNS CAN RESULT FROM DIRECT CONTACT
WITH THE ABOVE ITEMS DURING THE HF SYSTEM
TRANSMISSION.
WARNING: WHEN THE HF SYSTEM IS ON, MAKE SURE THAT

YOU KNOW THE MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE
LEVEL (MPEL) RADIUS OF THE HF ANTENNA AND
OBEY THIS LIMIT. IF YOU DO NOT OBEY THE
APPROVED SAFETY STANDARDS, INJURY TO
PERSONS CAN OCCUR.
WARNING: MAKE SURE THAT NO PERSON TOUCHES THE

AIRCRAFT OR STANDS NEAR IT DURING THE HF
SYSTEM TRANSMISSION BECAUSE THERE IS A RISK
OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK.

23-11-00 Rev 14 - Dec 10/10

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EFFECTIVITY:ON ACFT WITH HF SYSTEM

Phenom 100 - SDS 2432 Page 1 of 16

EFFECTIVITY:ON ACFT WITH HF SYSTEM

The HF (High Frequency) COM (Communications) system is a long-

Phenom 100 - SDS 2432 Page 2 of 16

EFFECTIVITY:ON EMBRAER 500 ACFT WITH HF SYSTEM