Huawei WCDMA RAN19 State Transition ISSUE1.00

WCDMA RAN19 DCCC Algorithm and Parameters
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 The DCCC function is controlled by the sub-parameter DRA_DCCC_SWITCH of the

parameter DraSwitch.
 The UL DCCC function is invalid for the BE service whose maximum UL rate is below or equal
to the UL rate threshold for DCCC specified by UlDcccRateThd. Thus, excessive signaling
procedures can be avoided. The DL rate is limited in the same way. The DL rate threshold is
specified by DlDcccRateThd.

 DCCC based on traffic volume and DCCC based on throughput have similar function, while
DCCC based on traffic volume is a basic DCCC action depending on the events defined by
3GPP. It cannot be applied on E-DCH, and the traffic volume cannot be monitored in real
time.
 Compared with DCCC based on traffic volume, DCCC based on throughput is more flexible. It
monitors the throughput in real time, and it can be applied on E-DCH/DCH.
 DCCC based on throughput is designed by Huawei.

Parameter ID DraSwitch
Parameter Name Dynamic Resource Allocation Switch
MML Command SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH
…
DRA_DCCC_SWITCH: When the switch is on, the dynamic channel
Meaning
reconfiguration control algorithm is used
…
GUI Value Range DRA_DCCC_SWITCH…
Unit None
Recommended
None
Value
Impact RNC

 Rate adjustment based on traffic volume only applies to R99 BE services.


 Events 4a and 4b indicate different states of uplink and downlink traffic volumes. The RNC
can increase or decrease service rates according to the reported events. Event 4a indicates
that the traffic volume is high, and therefore the RNC needs to increase service rates. Event
4b indicates that the traffic volume is low, and therefore the RNC needs to decrease service
rates.

 The traffic volume is measured by the buffer usage of the RLC entity. The RNC increases or
decreases the rate of BE services based on the traffic volume to avoid excessively high or low
traffic volume.
 The traffic volume measurements defined in 3GPP TS 25.331 are applicable to only the UL.
For the DL, traffic volume measurements and associated rate adjustment are designed and
implemented by Huawei.

 In the UL, the UTRAN sends to the UE the absolute threshold, time to trigger event 4a or 4b,
and pending time after trigger through a MEASUREMENT CONTROL message. The UE sends a
report on event 4a or 4b through a MEASUREMENT REPORT message.
 In the DL, measurement control is also performed through messages. The difference is that all
the interactions occur within the RNC in the DL.

 In the uplink:
 When the traffic volume is higher than the value of Event4aThd for a period of time
defined by TimetoTrigger4A, the UE reports an event 4a. No more events 4a are
reported during the time defined by PendingTime4A.
 In the downlink:
 When the traffic volume is higher than the value of Event4aThd for a period of time
defined by TimetoTrigger4A, the RNC reports internally an event 4a. No more
events 4a are reported during the time defined by PendingTime4A.

 In the uplink:
 When the traffic volume is lower than the value of Event4bThd for a period of time
defined by TimetoTrigger4B, the UE reports an event 4b. No more events 4b are
reported during the time defined by PendingTime4B.
 In the downlink:
 When the traffic volume is lower than the value of Event4bThd for a period of time
defined by TimetoTrigger4B, the RNC reports internally an event 4b. No more
events 4b are reported during the time defined by PendingTime4B.

Parameter ID Direction
 RNC commands
Parameter Name Direction
ADD UTYPRABDCCCMC
MML Command MOD UTYPRABDCCCMC
RMV UTYPRABDCCCMC
Direction for traffic volume measurement. When this parameter is set

to DOWNLINK, the downlink traffic volume is measured. When this
Meaning
parameter is set to UPLINK, the uplink traffic volume is measured or E-
DCH throughput is measured.
GUI Value Range UPLINK, DOWNLINK
Unit None
Recommended
None
Value
Impact RAB

 RNC commands
 Set these parameters through ADD UTYPRABDCCCMC/MOD UTYPRABDCCCMC.
 The following table is the example of uplink parameter configuration.

 If RESERVED_SWITCH_14_BIT17 under the RsvSwitch14 parameter in MML command SET

UALGORSVPARA If DRA_CELL_DCCC_MC_THD_SWITCH under the DraSwitch2 parameter
in the MML command SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH is enabled, cell-level parameters are
added for the event 4A and 4B thresholds. The same set of thresholds apply to all RABs,
including the UL and DL 4A and 4B thresholds. In the MML command ADD UCELLDCCC, the
parameter ULEvent4AThld specifies the UL traffic measurement event 4A threshold,
ULEvent4BThld specifies the UL traffic measurement event 4B threshold, DLEvent4AThld
specifies the DL traffic measurement event 4A threshold, and DLEvent4BThld specifies the
DL traffic measurement event4 B threshold.


 The RATE_UP_AND_DOWN_ON_DCH strategy means that the rate can be either increased or
decreased as required.
 The RATE_UP_ONLY_ON_DCH strategy means that the rate can only be increased and not be
decreased. This strategy is recommended if the network resources are sufficient.
Parameter ID DcccStg
Parameter Name DCCC Strategy
MML Command SET UDCCC
Strategy for adjustment of the rate of the PS BE service when the UE is

in the CELL_DCH state. RATE_UP_AND_DOWN_ON_DCH indicates
that the rate over the DCH can be raised or lowered. RATE_UP_ONLY
Meaning indicates that the rate over the DCH can only be raised. When UE is in
low activity state, it is no need to degrade the traffic rate to the
threshold for DCCC before state transition to CELL_FACH. That means
UE can transit to CELL_FACH state at any rate.
GUI Value Range RATE_UP_AND_DOWN_ON_DCH, RATE_UP_ONLY_ON_DCH

Unit None
Recommended
RATE_UP_AND_DOWN_ON_DCH
Value
Impact RNC

 The prerequisites for uplink rate adjustment based on traffic volume are as follows:
 The uplink of the UE is in the link stable state.
 The uplink of the cell is not in the basic congestion state.
 If the uplink of the cell is in the basic congestion state, only the service rate lower
than the GBR can be increased to the GBR.
 After receiving a report on event 4a, the RNC triggers rate increase. After receiving a report
on event 4b, the RNC triggers rate decrease. The minimum value to which the rate can be
decreased is the UL rate threshold for DCCC (UlDcccRateThd). The maximum value to which
the rate can be increased is the MBR, which is Min{ the requested maximum bit rate assigned
by the CN, the maximum rate supported by UE capabilities}.


 UL rate increase level is specified by parameter UlRateUpAdjLevel

 The UL middle rate threshold is by parameter UlMidRateThd, which is available only when
the uplink middle rate calculate method parameter UlMidRateCalc is set to manual setting.

 UL rate decrease level is specified by parameter UlRateDnAdjLevel



Parameter ID UlDcccRateThd
Parameter Name Uplink Bit Rate Threshold for DCCC
Uplink bit rate threshold for DCCC. When the maximum uplink bit rate
of a BE service is larger than this parameter value, the traffic-based
Meaning
uplink DCCC function can take effect for the UE. Otherwise, the
function cannot take effect for the UE.
GUI Value Range D8, D16, D32, D64, D128, D144, D256, D384
Unit kbit/s
Recommended
D64
Value
Impact RNC

UlRateUpAdjLevel
Parameter ID
UlRateDnAdjLevel
Uplink Rate Increase Adjust Level
Parameter Name
Uplink Rate Decrease Adjust Level
Uplink data rate increasing/decreasing level for BE services carried over

the DCH in the uplink. When this parameter is set to 2_Rates, the DCCC
Meaning selects one data rate from the two data rates available. When this
parameter is set to 3_Rates, the DCCC can select one data rate from
the three data rates available.
GUI Value Range 2_Rates, 3_Rates

Unit None
Recommended
3_Rates
Value
Impact RNC
Parameter ID UlMidRateCalc
Parameter Name Uplink Mid Bit Rate Calculate Method
This parameter determines whether the uplink intermediate rate uses

Meaning
automatic or manual mode when using 3-step adjustment.
GUI Value Range AUTO_CALC, HAND_APPOINT

Unit None
Recommended
HAND_APPOINT
Value
Impact RNC
Parameter ID UlMidRateCalc
Parameter Name Uplink Mid Bit Rate Threshold
Threshold of the UL intermediate rate when the 3-step mode is used
Meaning for UL rate adjustment and the manual mode is used for UL
intermediate rate adjustment.
GUI Value Range D16, D32, D64, D128, D144, D256, D384
Unit kbit/s
Recommended
D128
Value
Impact RNC

 The prerequisites for downlink rate adjustment based on traffic volume are as follows:
 If the function of downlink rate adjustment based on link quality is enabled, the
downlink must be stable.
 The downlink of the cell is not in the basic congestion state.
 If the downlink of the cell is in the basic congestion state, only the service rate lower
than the GBR can be increased to the GBR.
 After receiving a report on event 4a, the RNC triggers rate increase. After receiving a report
on event 4b, the RNC triggers rate decrease. The minimum value to which the rate can be
decreased is the DL rate threshold for DCCC (DlDcccRateThd). The maximum value to which
the rate can be increased is the MBR, which is Min{ the requested maximum bit rate assigned
by the CN, the maximum rate supported by UE capabilities}.


 DL rate increase level is specified by parameter DlRateUpAdjLevel.

 The DL middle rate threshold is by parameter DlMidRateThd, which is available only when
the uplink middle rate calculate method parameter DlMidRateCalc is set to manual setting.

 UL rate decrease level is specified by parameter DlRateDnAdjLevel

Parameter ID DlDcccRateThd
Parameter Name Downlink Bit Rate Threshold for DCCC
Downlink bit rate threshold for DCCC. When the maximum downlink
bit rate of a BE service is larger than this parameter value, the traffic-
Meaning
based downlink DCCC function can take effect for the UE. Otherwise,
the function cannot take effect for the UE.
Unit kbit/s
Recommended
D64
Value
Impact RNC

DlRateUpAdjLevel
Parameter ID
DlRateDnAdjLevel
Downlink Rate Increase Adjust Level
Parameter Name
Downlink Rate Decrease Adjust Level
Downlink data rate increasing/decreasing level for BE services carried

over the DCH in the downlink. When this parameter is set to 2_Rates,
Meaning the DCCC selects one data rate from the two data rates available.
When this parameter is set to 3_Rates, the DCCC can select one data
rate from the three data rates available.
GUI Value Range 2_Rates, 3_Rates

Unit None
Recommended
3_Rates
Value
Impact RNC
Parameter ID DlMidRateCalc
Parameter Name Downlink Mid Bit Rate Calculate Method
This parameter determines whether automatic or manual mode is used
Meaning
for 3-step adjustment of the DL intermediate rate.
GUI Value Range AUTO_CALC, HAND_APPOINT
Unit None
Recommended
HAND_APPOINT
Value
Impact RNC
Parameter ID DlMidRateCalc
Parameter Name Downlink Mid Bit Rate Threshold
Threshold of the DL intermediate rate when the 3-step mode is used
Meaning for DL rate adjustment and the manual mode is used for DL
intermediate rate adjustment.
GUI Value Range D16, D32, D64, D128, D144, D256, D384
Unit kbit/s
Recommended
D128
Value
Impact RNC















 Throughput is the traffic volume in a measurement period. The RNC adjusts the rate of BE
services based on the throughput.
 For HSUPA BE services, the RNC performs rate decrease or rate increase based on the
throughput.
 For DCH BE services, the RNC performs rate decrease only when the throughput is
excessively high.
Command
DraSwitch
HSUPA throughput
based DCCC switch
DCH throughput
based DCCC switch

 NOTE:
 When dynamic CE resource management is enabled, HSUPA DCCC is automatically
deactivated.
 The HSUPA DCCC feature includes the function of dynamic adjustment between 2 ms
TTI and 10 ms TTI. Therefore, dynamic TTI adjustment of BE services does not take
effect when HSUPA DCCC has taken effect.
 HSUPA DCCC does not take effect for DC-HSUPA users.
 For the DCH and E-DCH, the strategies for rate adjustment based on throughput are different, which
are described as follows:
 For throughput-based rate adjustment on the E-DCH, rate increase or decrease can be
triggered according to the received event 4a or 4b respectively.
 For throughput-based rate adjustment on the DCH in the uplink or downlink, if
DRA_DCH_THROU_DCCC_ENH_SWITCH is selected under the DraSwitch parameter, rate
increase or decrease can be triggered according to the received event 4a or 4b respectively. If
DRA_DCH_THROU_DCCC_ENH_SWITCH is deselected under the DraSwitch parameter,
only rate decrease can be triggered according to the received event 4b.
 The switches for rate adjustment based on throughput are as follows:
 To enable throughput-based rate adjustment on the DCH, run the RNC MML command SET
UCORRMALGOSWITCH and select DRA_THROUGHPUT_DCCC_SWITCH under the
DraSwitch parameter.
 To enable throughput-based rate adjustment for HSUPA, run the RNC MML command SET

UCORRMALGOSWITCH and select DRA_HSUPA_DCCC_SWITCH under the DraSwitch

parameter.
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 For throughput-based rate adjustment on the E-DCH, both events 4a and 4b apply, that is,
both rate upsizing and downsizing are applicable for both uplink and downlink.
 For throughput-based rate adjustment on the DCH, only event 4b applies, that is, only rate
downsizing is applicable.

 The throughput measurement period can be specified by the parameter

E2FThrouMeasPeriod for services on the E-DCH and DchThrouMeasPeriod for services
on the DCH
 Assume that AvgThroughput represents the throughput of an RB during a measurement
period. Then:
 If the AvgThroughput is above the threshold of event 4a for a period of time specified
by EdchTimetoTrigger4A and the current time is not in the pending time after
trigger, then event 4a is triggered. After event 4a is triggered, it cannot be triggered
any more in the period of time specified by EdchPendingTime4A.
 If the AvgThroughput is below the threshold of event 4b for a period of time specified
by EdchTimetoTrigger4B or DchThrouTimetoTrigger4B and the current time is
not in the pending time after trigger, then event 4b is triggered. After event 4b is
triggered, it cannot be triggered any more in the period of time specified by
EdchPendingTime4B or DchThrouPendingTime4B.
 The previous figure shows the mechanism of measuring the throughput and reporting events
4a and 4b. In this example, the time to trigger event 4a or 4b is three consecutive
measurement periods, and the pending time after trigger is four consecutive measurement
periods.


The mechanism of reporting events 4a and 4b about throughput is as follows:

 Assume that a set of adjustment rates and associated throughput thresholds is: {(R1, TR1), ...
(Ri, TRi), ... (RN, TRN)}

 For services on the E-DCH:
 The first variable in each pair of parentheses represents the HSUPA adjustment
rate specified by the EdchRateAdjustSet parameter.
 The second variable in each pair of parentheses represents the throughput
threshold corresponding to the adjustment rate.
 TRi = Ri x (Threshold rate ratio). For different threshold rate ratios, see the
following table. TRMBR = MBR x (Threshold rate ratio)MBR.
 Ri represents the adjustment rate specified by the EdchRateAdjustSet
parameter. RN is the maximum rate.
 If Rt < MBR ≤ Rt+1 (1 ≤ t ≤ N–1), the set of HSUPA adjustment rates and
associated throughput thresholds is: {(R1, TR1), ..., (Ri, TRi), ..., (Rt, TRt),
( MBR, TRMBR)}.
 If MBR > RN, the set of HSUPA adjustment rates and associated
throughput thresholds is: {(R1, TR1), ..., (Ri, TRi), ..., (RN, TRN), (MBR,
TRMBR)}.
Threshold Rate Threshold Rate
Rate Rate
Ratio Ratio
8 kbit/s 90% 384 kbit/s 75%
16 kbit/s 80% 608 kbit/s 75%
32 kbit/s 80% 1280 kbit/s 75%
64 kbit/s 90% 2048 kbit/s 75%
128 kbit/s 80% 2720 kbit/s 70%
144 kbit/s 80% 5440 kbit/s 70%
256 kbit/s 80% 11480kbit/s 70%
 For services on the DCH, the adjustment rate set is {rate threshold for DCCC, middle
rate, maximum rate}.
 The rate threshold for DCCC is specified by the UlDcccRateThd or
DlDcccRateThd parameter.
 The middle rate is determined by the UlMidRateCalc or DlMidRateCalc
parameter and the UlMidRateThd or DlMidRateThd parameter.
 The maximum rate is the MBR.
 The throughput threshold is as follows: TRi = Ri x 90%.

 Here:
 Rt is the current rate in the HSUPA rate adjustment set.
 Rt-1 is the latest rate in the HSUPA rate adjustment set.
 Threshold rate ratiot and threshold rate ratiot-1 are defined by the table of previous
page.
 If the current HSUPA adjustment rate is the minimum rate, the threshold of event 4b is the
threshold rate of E-DCH to FACH state transition (E2FThrouThd).

 Here:
 Rt-1 is the latest rate in the DCH rate adjustment set.
 Threshold rate ratiot-1 is set to 90%.

 For E-DCH, rate adjustment based on throughput takes effect in the UL. So the associated
parameters are configured in the UL only.
 For DCH, rate adjustment based on throughput takes effect in the UL and DL separately. So
the associated parameters are configured in the UL and DL separately.
 Set these parameters through ADD UTYPRABDCCCMC/MOD UTYPRABDCCCMC.

Parameter ID DchThrouMeasPeriod
Parameter Name DCH Throu Meas Period
This parameter specifies the period of DCH throughput ratio

measurement.Macd performs statistic of traffic volume on DCH and
Meaning
reports 4B events which are used for the rate decrease process of BE
service set up on DCH.
GUI Value Range 1~1000
Unit 10ms
Recommended
100
Value
Impact RNC

Parameter ID EdchRateAdjustSet
Parameter Name HSUPA UpLink Rate Adjust Set
MML Command SET UEDCHRATEADJUSTSET
Data rate set for adjusting the EDCH's data rate. The DCCC function
Meaning
can allocate any data rate in such a data rate set to an EDCH.
RATE_8KBPS, RATE_16KBPS, RATE_32KBPS, RATE_64KBPS,

GUI Value Range
RATE_5440KBPS, RATE_11480KBPS
Unit None
RATE_8KBPS: not selected RATE_16KBPS: not selected RATE_32KBPS:

not selected RATE_64KBPS: not selected RATE_128KBPS: selected
Recommended RATE_144KBPS: not selected RATE_256KBPS: selected RATE_384KBPS:
Value not selected RATE_608KBPS: selected RATE_1280KBPS: not selected
RATE_2048KBPS: not selected RATE_2720KBPS: not selected
RATE_5440KBPS: not selected RATE_11480KBPS: not selected
Impact RNC

E2FThrouThd
Parameter ID
E2FThrouMeasPeriod
E-DCH2F 4B Threshold
Parameter Name
E-DCH Throu Meas Period
MML Command SET UEDCHRATEADJUSTSET
This parameter is used to check whether the UE in the low activity

state. If the UE is on the E-DCH channel, the low activity counter
increases by 1 every time throughput ratio event 4B is reported.
Meaning Period of E-DCH throughput ratio measurement. This parameter

specifies the period of E-DCH throughput ratio measurement. The
throughput ratio over the E-DCH is periodically measured to
implement state transition from E-DCH to FACH and DCCC
algorithm on EDCH.
0~384
GUI Value Range
1~10000
kbit/s
Unit
10ms
8
Recommended Value
30
Impact RNC


 The RATE_UP_AND_DOWN_ON_EDCH strategy means that the rate can be both downsized
and upsized. If the system resources in the network are insufficient, the
RATE_UP_AND_DOWN_ON_EDCH strategy is recommended.
 The RATE_UP_ONLY_ON_EDCH strategy means that the rate can only be upsized. When the
network resources are sufficient, the RATE_UP_ONLY_ON_EDCH strategy is recommended.

Parameter ID HsupaDcccStg
Parameter Name HSUPA DCCC Strategy
Strategy of the UE for rate adjustment over the EDCH.

RATE_UP_AND_DOWN_ON_EDCH indicates that the rate over the
EDCH can be raised or lowered. RATE_UP_ONLY_ON_EDCH indicates
Meaning that the rate over the EDCH can only be raised. When UE is in low
activity state, it is no need to degrade the traffic rate to the threshold
for HSUPA DCCC before state transition to CELL_FACH. That means UE
can transit to CELL_FACH state at any rate over the EDCH.
GUI Value Range RATE_UP_AND_DOWN_ON_EDCH, RATE_UP_ONLY_ON_EDCH
Unit None
Recommended
RATE_UP_AND_DOWN_ON_EDCH
Value
Impact RNC

 Rate adjustment procedures based on throughput on the E-DCH and DCH are the same.



 Throughput-based rate adjustment on the DCH is implemented through the signaling on the
Uu and Iub interfaces.
 Only rate decrease can be implemented by this algorithm.

 Basic congestion may trigger LDR, and LDR can reduce load by sacrificing the rate of BE
services.
 When the cell enters into the basic congestion state, the RNC decreases BE rates through the
DCCC function to relieve the congestion.


 BE rate reduction is one action of LDR actions. Typical LDR actions contains load-based inter-
frequency handover, BE rate reduction, inter-RAT handover, code Reshuffling, etc.
 The default sequence of LDR actions is inter-frequency handover, code reshuffling, BE rate
reduction…

 The UL mid bit rate threshold parameter is the same as that described in Rate Adjustment
Based on Traffic Volume.
 If the rate decrease level is set to 2_Rates, the middle rate is calculated by the RNC and the
middle rate is approximately equal to the MBR/2.

 The HSUPA UL rate adjustment set is the same as that described in Rate Adjustment Based on
Throughput.

 The previous figure shows an example of UL BE rate decrease and increase in the case that
the RAB is a DCH RAB.
 In this example, a rate decrease is triggered by UL basic congestion, and a rate
increase is triggered when basic congestion is relieved. In addition, the current UL rate
can be the initial rate, middle rate, or MBR.
 When the current UL rate is the MBR, it is decreased to the middle rate if a UL basic
congestion report is received, and then decreased to the GBR if a second UL basic
congestion report is received.

 The DL mid bit rate threshold parameter is the same as that described in Rate Adjustment
Based on Traffic Volume.

 The previous figure shows an example of DL BE rate decrease and increase in the case that
the RAB is a DCH RAB.
 In this example, a rate decrease is triggered by DL basic congestion, and a rate
increase is triggered when basic congestion is relieved. In addition, the current DL rate
can be the initial rate, middle rate, or MBR.
 When the current DL rate is the MBR, it is decreased to the middle rate if a DL basic
congestion report is received, and then decreased to the GBR if a second DL basic
congestion report is received.
 DCCC based on LDR can trigger only rate decrease while the rate increase is stilled controlled
by DCCC based on Traffic Volume.


 For detailed information about the signaling procedure of rate increase, see Signaling
Procedure of Rate Adjustment Based on Traffic Volume.

 Rate adjustment based on link stability only applies to R99 BE services.


 Link stability procedure is decided by actions priority, if DCCC is prior to handover, then,
DCCC bases on link stability will be triggered first.
 The link stability control function switches for different services are set through the SET
UQOSACT command.
 For AMR and VP services, link stability control is not recommended. In this chapter, we will
focus on link stability for BE service.
 The UL stability control function is applicable to only the scenario of single RAB or 1CS + 1PS
BE combined services. For 1CS + 1PS combined services, the link stability control function for
PS BE services is performed.

 The link stability control functions for different services are as follows:
 Link stability control for AMR services:
 If the AMRQosPerform parameter is set to YES, the QoS guarantee scheme is
enabled for AMR services. If the parameter is set to NO, the QoS guarantee
scheme is disabled for AMR services.
 Link stability control for VP services:
 If the VPQosPerform parameter is set to YES, the QoS guarantee scheme is
enabled for VP services. If the parameter is set to NO, the QoS guarantee
scheme is disabled for VP services.
 Link stability control for BE services:
 When the RNC-level parameter BEQosPerform is set to YES,
If HSDPA_PS_BE_QOS_SWITCH under the cell-level parameter

CellConnAlgoSwitch1 is selected, the QoS guarantee scheme is enabled for
both R99 PS BE services and HSDPA PS BE services in this cell.
If HSDPA_PS_BE_QOS_SWITCH under the cell-level parameter
CellConnAlgoSwitch1 is deselected, the QoS guarantee scheme is enabled for
only R99 PS BE services in this cell.
 When the RNC-level parameter BEQosPerform is set to NO, the QoS guarantee scheme is
disabled for BE services, including R99 and HSDPA PS BE services.

 Different rate has different coverage. When UE moves around in a cell, the link quality varies.
The function of link stability control checks the link quality and triggers DCCC/Handover to
ensure QoS perceived by user and avoid call drop due to power limitation.
 Link stability control for BE services is implemented by the RNC. Excessively high TX power
means that associated links are unstable. In this case, link stability control is performed
through rate decrease, QoS handover (inter-frequency or inter-RAT) to ensure link stability
and the QoS. Rate decrease in link stability control is implemented through DCCC.


 Link stability is measured through the UE TX power or BLER in the UL. The RNC performs rate
decrease or rate increase for R99 BE services based on the link stability.

 After establishing an BE service, the RNC sends the following information specified by switch
setting to the UE through a MEASUREMENT CONTROL message:
 Threshold of event 6A1, 6B1, 6A2, 6B2, or 6D for TX power.
 Time to trigger event 6A1, 6B1, 6A2, 6B2, or 6D.
 Then, the UE measures the TX power in real time, filters the measurement results.
 Each time a measurement event is triggered, the UE sends a measurement event report to the
UTRAN through a MEASUREMENT REPORT message. Then, the UL stability function performs
corresponding control tasks according to the report.
 The UL stability control switch setting:
 When BeUlEvTrigInd is set to SINGLE and BeUlQos6A1McSwitch is set to YES,
event 6A1 triggers UL stability control.
 When BeUlEvTrigInd is set to SINGLE and BeUlQos5AMcSwitch is set to YES,
event 5A triggers UL stability control.
 When BeUlEvTrigInd is set to COMBINE, events 6A1 and 5A together trigger UL
stability control.
 When BeUlQos6DMcSwitch is set to ON, event 6D triggers UL stability control.

Parameter ID BeUlEvTrigInd
Parameter Name Indicator for BE Uplink QoS Event
MML Command SET UQOSACT
For BE service, When the parameter is set to SINGLE, an UL event 6A1

or 5A can independently trigger the QoS enhancement action. The 6A1,
5A switch settings decide whether to perform 6A1 or 5A measurement
Meaning control. When the parameter is set to COMBINE, only combined events
6A1+5A can trigger the QoS enhancement action, and whether to
perform 6A1 and 5A measurement is not controlled by the 6A1 and 5A
measurement switch.
GUI Value Range SINGLE, COMBINE

Unit None
Recommended
SINGLE
Value
Impact RNC

Parameter ID BeUlQos5AMcSwitch
Parameter Name Measurement of 5A Switch
Event 5A measurement switch when BeUlEvTrigInd is set to SINGLE for
Meaning BE service. If this parameter is set to YES, event 5A measurement is
delivered.
GUI Value Range NO, YES
Unit None
Recommended
YES
Value
Impact RNC
Parameter ID BeUlQos6A1McSwitch
Parameter Name Measurement of 6A1 Switch
Event 6A1 measurement switch when BeUlEvTrigInd is set to SINGLE
Meaning for BE service. If this parameter is set to YES, event 6A1 measurement is
delivered.
Unit None
Recommended
YES
Value
Impact RNC
Parameter ID BeUlQos6DMcSwitch
Parameter Name Measurement of 6D Switch
UL event 6D measurement switch for BE service. If this parameter is set
Meaning
to YES, event 6D measurement is delivered.
Unit None
Recommended
NO
Value
Impact RNC

 As shown in the above figure, the maximum UL TX power for BE services is specified by the
parameter MaxUlTxPowerforInt or MaxUlTxPowerforBac. Delta_6a1, Delta_6b1,
Delta_6a2, and Delta_6b2 are relative thresholds, which are the differences between the
absolute thresholds of events 6A1, 6B1, 6A2, and 6B2 for TX power and the maximum UL TX
power of BE service. They are specified by the parameters UlThd6A1, UlThd6B1, UlThd6A2,
and UlThd6B2 respectively.
 The absolute thresholds are calculated according to the following formulas:
 Threshold of event 6A1 for TX power = MaxUlTxPowerforInt/Bac – UlThd6A1
 Threshold of event 6B1 for TX power = MaxUlTxPowerforInt/Bac – UlThd6B1
 Threshold of event 6A2 for TX power = MaxUlTxPowerforInt/Bac – UlThd6A2
 Threshold of event 6B2 for TX power = MaxUlTxPowerforInt/Bac – UlThd6B2
 If the UE TX power is above the threshold of event 6A1 for TX power for a period of time
specified by UlBeTrigTime6A1, event 6A1 is triggered.
 If the UE TX power is below the threshold of event 6B1 for TX power for a period of time
specified by UlBeTrigTime6B1, event 6B1 is triggered.
 If the UE TX power is above the threshold of event 6A2 for TX power for a period of time
specified by UlBeTrigTime6A2, event 6A2 is triggered.
 If the UE TX power is below the threshold of event 6B2 for TX power for a period of time
specified by UlBeTrigTime6B2, event 6B2 is triggered.

 As shown in the above figure, the maximum UL TX power for BE services is specified by the
parameter MaxUlTxPowerforInt or MaxUlTxPowerforBac.
 If the UE TX power is equal to the maximum UL TX power for a period of time specified by
UlBeTrigTime6D, event 6D is triggered.

 MaxUlTxPowerforInt/MaxUlPowerBac
 UlThd6A1/UlThd6B1/UlThd6A2/UlThd6B2

 UlBeTrigTime6A1/UlBeTrigTime6B1/UlBeTrigTime6A2/UlBeTrigTime6B2/UlBeTrigTim
e6D

 The UL BLER measurement may trigger event 5A. The RNC defines a sliding window of a
certain length through the parameter StaBlkNum5A. Each time the RNC receives a data
block, it compares the number of error blocks in the sliding window with the threshold of
event 5A specified by the parameter Thd5A. If the number of error blocks is above or equal
to the threshold of event 5A, event 5A is triggered. Then, the RNC can trigger again event 5A
only after the number of received error blocks reaches HangBlockNum5A, to avoid
excessive reporting of event 5A.

Parameter ID StaBlkNum5A
Parameter Name Statistic Block Number for 5A Event
ADD UTYPRABQUALITYMEAS
MML Command
MOD UTYPRABQUALITYMEAS
Length of the sliding window for the RNC to calculate bad CRCs.
Meaning Within this length, the RNC calculates bad CRCs. Event 5A is triggered if
the number of bad CRCs is larger than the value for "Thd5A".

Unit None
Recommended
500
Value
Impact RNC

Parameter ID Thd5A
Parameter Name Event 5A Threshold
MML Command
Threshold for the number of bad CRCs. Within the length specified by
Meaning "StaBlkNum5A", event 5A is triggered if the number of bad CRCs is
larger than this threshold.
Unit None
Recommended
280
Value
Impact RNC
Parameter ID HangBlockNum5A
Parameter Name Interval Block Number
MML Command
Number of hang CRCs after event 5A is triggered. Event 5A will not be

reported again if the number of CRCs received after one such event is
Meaning
reported is less than the value of this parameter. This parameter helps
prevent this event from being repeatedly reported.

Unit None
Recommended
512
Value
Impact RNC


 Link stability is measured through the TCP or RLC PDU retransmission rate in the DL. The RNC
performs rate decrease or rate increase for R99 BE services based on the link stability.
 For DL trigger conditions:
 When SrncBeDlRlcQosSwitch is set to YES, TCP and RLC retransmission (event A +
event Ea) trigger DL stability control
 When SrncBeDlRlcQosSwitch is set to NO, only TCP (event Ea) triggers DL stability
control.
SrncBeDlRlcQosSwitch


 Here:
 Pmax is specified by the RlMaxDlPwr parameter, that is, the maximum DL RL TX
power of DPDCHs.
 Relative threshold is the relative threshold of event Ea or Eb, which is specified by the
ThdEa or ThdEb parameter respectively.
 PO3 is the offset from the TX power of the DPCCH pilot field to the TX power of
DPDCHs, default value is 3dB.

 As shown in the previous figure:

 If the TX power of the pilot field of DPCCH is above threshold 1 for a period of time
specified by the DlBeTrigTimeE parameter, event Ea is triggered. Then, the NodeB
periodically reports the measurement results of TX power to the RNC.
 The NodeB reporting period is specified by the ChoiceRptUnitForBeE,
TenMsecForBeE, or MinForBeE parameter.
 If the TX power of the pilot field of DPCCH is below threshold 2 for a period of time,
event Eb is triggered. For BE services, this period is set to 640 ms. Then, the NodeB
stops reporting the measurement results of TX power.

ThdEa
Parameter ID
ThdEb
Event Ea Relative Threshold
Parameter Name
Event Eb Relative Threshold
MML Command
Relative threshold for event Ea/Eb. Event Ea/Eb is reported when the
absolute threshold for event Ea is exceeded. Once the event is
reported, operations related to the QoS control algorithm will be
Meaning triggered in the downlink. The following formula is used to
calculate the absolute threshold for event Ea/Eb: Absolute threshold
for event Ea/Eb = Maximum downlink transmit power for RLs -
Relative threshold for event Ea/Eb.

Unit 0.5dB
Recommended Value None
Impact RNC

Parameter ID DlBeTrigTimeE
Parameter Name BE Trigger Time of Event E
ADD UCELLQUALITYMEAS
MML Command
MOD UCELLQUALITYMEAS
Duration from when the BE TX power is beyond the threshold Ea to

when the event Ea is triggered or from when the BE TX power is below
Meaning
the threshold Eb to when the event Eb is triggered. This parameter is
used to avoid faulty reporting due to instability of power.

Unit 10ms
Recommended
64
Value
Impact Cell

Parameter ID ChoiceRptUnitForBeE
Parameter Name BE Reporting Period Unit for Event E
MML Command
This parameter specifies the reporting period of the event E of the BE

Meaning
service. The unit of the reporting period can be 10 ms or minute.
GUI Value Range TEN_MSEC, MIN

Unit None
Recommended
TEN_MSEC
Value
Impact Cell
Parameter ID TenMsecForBeE
Parameter Name BE Event E Reporting Period
MML Command
This parameter is valid when the corresponding parameter related to

the reporting period unit for the event E of BE service is set to
Meaning TEN_MSEC. The DL code TX power is reported periodically after the
event Ea is reported. This parameter specifies the reporting period. If
the parameter is set to A, the reporting period is A x 10 ms.

Unit 10ms
Recommended
480
Value
Impact Cell

 Here:
 Pmax is the maximum DL TX power corresponding to the target rate.
 Δp is the power difference between current rate and target rate which is calculated in
RNC through the parameters acquired by the simulation and field test results.
 Pmargin is the event F reporting power margin and determined by the parameter
BePwrMargin for a single service or by the parameter CombPwrMargin for
combined services.
 Ea relative threshold is used to avoid repeated triggering of event Ea after a rate
increase.
 PO3 is the offset from the TX power in the pilot field of the DPCCH to the TX power
of the DPDCHs.

 As shown in the previous figure:

 When the TX power of the pilot field of DPCCH is below threshold 1 for a period of
time specified by the DlBeTrigTimeF parameter, event Fa is triggered. Then, the
NodeB periodically reports the measurement results of TX power to the RNC.
 The NodeB reporting period is specified by the ChoiceRptUnitForBeF,
TenMsecForBeF, or MinForBeF parameter.
 When the TX power of the pilot field of the DPCCH is above threshold 2 for 640 ms,
event Fb is triggered. Then, the NodeB stops reporting the measurement results of TX
power.

BePwrMargin
Parameter ID
CombPwrMargin
BE Event F Reporting Power Margin
Parameter Name
Combine Event F Reporting Power Margin
MML Command
Relative power margin for event F triggering threshold. This relative

power margin is only for the scenario where only one/multiple BE
service is going on. Without this parameter, after the DCCC function
increases UEs' data rates, their data rates are decreased again once
event F is reported. This parameter helps prevent such frequent data
Meaning
rate increases and decreases. The following formula specifies the
relationship between this parameter and the event F triggering
threshold: Event F triggering threshold = Maximum downlink
transmit power of a radio link specific to the target data rate -
"ThdEa" - "BePwrMargin/CombPwrMargin".

Unit 0.1dB
For one BE service: 10
Recommended Value
For multiple BE service: 20
Impact Cell
Parameter ID DlBeTrigTimeF
Parameter Name BE Trigger Time of Event F
MML Command
Duration within which the measured power being lower than the
threshold is allowed for BE service. This parameter is used to avoid
Meaning
faulty reporting due to instability of power. If the parameter is set to A,
the hysteresis time is A x 10 ms.
Unit 10ms
Recommended
64
Value
Impact Cell

Parameter ID ChoiceRptUnitForBeF
Parameter Name BE Reporting Period Unit for Event F
MML Command
This parameter specifies the reporting period of the event F of the BE

Meaning
service. The unit of the reporting period can be 10 ms or minute.
GUI Value Range TEN_MSEC, MIN

Unit None
Recommended
TEN_MSEC
Value
Impact Cell
Parameter ID TenMsecForBeF
Parameter Name BE Event F Reporting Period
MML Command
This parameter is valid when the corresponding parameter related to

the reporting period unit for the event F of BE service is set to
Meaning TEN_MSEC. The DL code TX power is reported periodically after the
event Fa is reported. This parameter specifies the reporting period. If
the parameter is set to A, the reporting period is A x 10 ms.

Unit 10ms
Recommended
480
Value
Impact Cell

 The DL RLC PDU retransmission rate is calculated according to the ACK or NACK feedback
information.
 The RLC PDU retransmission rate is reported to layer 3 from layer 2.
 The procedure for measuring the RLC PDU retransmission rate is as follows:
 Set up a sliding window for calculating the RLC PDU retransmission rate periodically
according to the period of monitoring the retransmission rate specified by the
parameter MoniterPrd.
 Check whether the RLC PDU retransmission rate is above the threshold of event A
specified by the parameter EventAThred. If it is above the threshold for a period of
time, that is, MoniterPrd x TimeToTiggerA, event A is triggered and the RLC PDU
retransmission rate is reported.
 In the period of time (MoniterPrd x PendingTimeA) after event A is reported, the
RLC PDU retransmission rate is not calculated any more. If a report on event Ea is
already received before a report on event A is received, the system may reduce the DL
rate.

Parameter ID MoniterPrd
Parameter Name re-TX monitor period
ADD UTYPRABRLC
MML Command
MOD UTYPRABRLC
Meaning Sampling period of the RLC retransmission ratio monitoring.
Unit ms
Recommended
1000
Value
Impact RAB

Parameter ID EventAThred
Parameter Name Event A threshold
ADD UTYPRABRLC
MML Command
MOD UTYPRABRLC
Threshold of event A, that is, the upper limit of RLC retransmission ratio.
When the monitored RLC retransmission ratio exceeds this threshold
Meaning and triggers the event A, it indicates that the quality of the radio link is
poor, and flow control measures need to be taken to reduce the RLC
throughput.

Unit ‰
Recommended Value 160
Impact RAB
Parameter ID TimeToTriggerA
Parameter Name Hysteresis of Event A
ADD UTYPRABRLC
MML Command
MOD UTYPRABRLC
Number of consecutive periods during which the percentage of
Meaning retransmitted RLC PDUs is higher than the threshold of event A before
event A is triggered.
Unit None
Recommended Value 2
Impact RAB
Parameter ID PendingTimeA
Parameter Name Event A pending time after trigger
ADD UTYPRABRLC
MML Command
MOD UTYPRABRLC
Number of pending periods after event A related to RLC retransmission

Meaning
ratio is triggered. During the pending time, no such event is reported.

Unit None
Recommended Value 1
Impact RAB


 The Uplink middle bit rate threshold parameter is the same as that described in Rate
Adjustment Based on Traffic Volume.
 UlFullCvrRate is uplink full coverage bit rate.
 If the rate decrease level is set to 2_Rates, the middle rate is calculated by the RNC.


Parameter ID UlFullCvrRate
Parameter Name Uplink Full Coverage Bit Rate
ADD UCELLDCCC
MML Command
MOD UCELLDCCC
Uplink bit rate for full coverage. When the maximum uplink bit rate of a
BE service is larger than this parameter value, the coverage-based DCCC
Meaning
function can take effect for the UE in the uplink. Otherwise, the
function cannot take effect for the UE.
Unit kbit/s
Recommended
D64
Value
Impact Cell

 Before rate increase, the RNC checks whether the current power is sufficient. If the power is
sufficient, rate increase is triggered by event 4a.



 The downlink middle bit rate threshold parameter is the same as that described in Rate
Adjustment Based on Traffic Volume.
 DlFullCvrRate is uplink full coverage bit rate.
 If the rate decrease level is set to 2_Rates, the middle rate is calculated by the RNC.


Parameter ID DlFullCvrRate
Parameter Name Downlink Full Coverage Bit Rate
ADD UCELLDCCC
MML Command
MOD UCELLDCCC
Downlink bit rate for full coverage. When the maximum downlink bit
rate of a BE service is larger than this parameter value, the coverage-
Meaning
based DCCC function can take effect for the UE in the downlink.
Otherwise, the function cannot take effect for the UE.
Unit kbit/s
Recommended
D64
Value
Impact Cell

 Before rate increase, the RNC checks whether the current power is sufficient. If the power is
sufficient, rate increase is triggered by event 4a.



 For detailed information about the signaling procedure of rate increase, see Signaling
Procedure of Rate Adjustment Based on Traffic Volume.




The symbols in the previous figure are described as follows:

 1-8: indicating that event 4a is reported from the UE
 S1: indicating that the cell is in the normal state
 S2: indicating that the cell is in the congestion state
 S3: indicating that the cell is restored from the congestion state
The procedure for penalizing rate increase failures is as follows:
1. After the first rate increase fails, the timer for detecting DCCC rate increase failures is started.
The timer length is specified by the parameter MoniTimeLen. Each time the rate increase
fails, the rate increase failure counter is incremented by one.
2. The rate increase failure counter determines whether to start the timer for penalizing DCCC
rate increase failures:
 Before the timer for detecting DCCC rate increase failures expires, the penalty timer
(DcccUpPenaltyLen) is started if the number of such failures is above or equal to the
corresponding threshold (FailTimeTh). No rate increase attempt is allowed before
the penalty timer expires.
 When the timer for detecting DCCC rate increase failures expires, the rate increase
failure counter returns to 0 and the system returns to step 1 if the number of rate
increase failures is below the corresponding threshold.
3. Rate increase attempts are allowed after the penalty timer expires. If a rate increase attempt
is repeated when the cell is in the congestion state, the system returns to step 1.

Parameter ID MoniTimeLen
Parameter Name DCCC Rate Up Fail Monitor Time length
Length of the period within which the times of consecutive failure to

increase the rate of a BE service is monitored. Increase of the BE service
rate is triggered by 4A measurement reports. If the times exceeds the
Meaning
DCCC Rate Up Fail Time Threshold, the DCCC Rate Up Fail Penalty
Timer will be started, and 4A report will not be processed until DCCC
Rate Up Fail Penalty Timer expires.

Unit s
Recommended
60
Value
Impact RNC

Parameter ID FailTimeTh
Parameter Name DCCC Rate Up Fail Time Threshold
This parameter specifies the threshold of allowed times of rate increase

consecutive failure within a certain monitoring period. If the times of
Meaning
failure is beyond this threshold, subsequent rate increase is not allowed
even if the 4A measurement report is received.

Unit None
Recommended
4
Value
Impact RNC
Parameter ID DcccUpPenaltyLen
Parameter Name DCCC Rate Up Fail Penalty Time Length
Length of the penalty period within which the rate of a BE service

cannot be increased even if the 4A measurement report is received.
Meaning
Increase of the BE service rate is triggered by the 4A measurement
report.4A report will not be processed until this Penalty Timer expires.

Unit s
Recommended
30
Value
Impact RNC




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WCDMA RAN19 DCCC Algorithm and Parameters

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 The DCCC function is controlled by the sub-parameter DRA_DCCC_SWITCH of the

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Parameter Name Dynamic Resource Allocation Switch

MML Command SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH

GUI Value Range DRA_DCCC_SWITCH…

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 Rate adjustment based on traffic volume only applies to R99 BE services.

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Direction for traffic volume measurement. When this parameter is set

GUI Value Range UPLINK, DOWNLINK

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 If RESERVED_SWITCH_14_BIT17 under the RsvSwitch14 parameter in MML command SET

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MML Command SET UDCCC

Strategy for adjustment of the rate of the PS BE service when the UE is

GUI Value Range RATE_UP_AND_DOWN_ON_DCH, RATE_UP_ONLY_ON_DCH

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 UL rate increase level is specified by parameter UlRateUpAdjLevel

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 UL rate decrease level is specified by parameter UlRateDnAdjLevel

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MML Command SET UDCCC

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Uplink data rate increasing/decreasing level for BE services carried over

GUI Value Range 2_Rates, 3_Rates

This parameter determines whether the uplink intermediate rate uses

GUI Value Range AUTO_CALC, HAND_APPOINT

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 DL rate increase level is specified by parameter DlRateUpAdjLevel.

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 UL rate decrease level is specified by parameter DlRateDnAdjLevel

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MML Command SET UDCCC

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Downlink data rate increasing/decreasing level for BE services carried

GUI Value Range 2_Rates, 3_Rates

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