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THORNTON'S ARABIC SERIES,
VOLUME III.

ELEMENTARY ARABIC
SECOND READING-BOOK
 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
aonlron : FETTER LANE, E.G.
C. F. CLAY, Manager

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ELEMENTARY ARABIC
a series planned by

FREDERIC DU PRE THORNTON

SECOND READING-BOOK

BY

REYNOLD A. NICHOLSON, Litt.D.

Lecturer in Persian in the University of Cambridge,
and some time Fellow of Trinity College

Cambridge :

at the University Press

1909
 CambritJge
PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A,
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.

plUNieD IK o«e»i ««ITAI»:

 PREFACE

THIS Reading-Book is the second of three which were

planned by the late Mr Thornton for his Arabic Series.
The first, .published in 1907, contains certain extracts from the
Koran, a portion (pp. 13 — 64) of Wright's Arabic Heading-Book^
a grammatical analysis of the Koranic text, and a glossary ; the
third,which I hope to bring out next year, will comprise the
remainder of Wright's work, a glossary, and brief explanatory
notes.
The present volume is marked by some novel features.
1. The selected passages are taken from texts and manu-
scripts which, so far as I know, have not hitherto been edited by
any European scholar.
2. They have been chosen and arranged in chronological
order with the purpose of illustrating the literary, social, and
religious history of the Arabs.
3. Notes have been added at the foot of each page, partly
to explain grammatical and linguistic difficulties, and partly to
supply such literary and historical information as is indispensable.
I will now state the various sources from which I have derived
the nineteen extracts included in this book.

L The manners, customs, and beliefs of the Pre-islamic Arabs.

This passage is taken from the Mustatraf, an extensive

anthology compiled by Muhammad ibn 'Ahmad al-Khatib al-

'Abshlhi, who died about 1450 a.d., and comprises the greater
part of the fifty-ninth chapter (Bul^q edition, 1268 a.h., vol. ii.

pp. 95—99).
VI PREFACE

II. The war of Dahis and al Ghabra.

This account of one of the most famous Pre-islamic wars
occurs in the ^iqd al /arid by Ibn 'abdi rabbihi of Cordova,
who died in 940 a.d. (Cairo edition, 1293 a.h., vol. iii. p. 67,

1. 21 to p. 68, 1. 27). .

III. Arab knights.

Also from the ^iqd (vol. i. p. 44, 1. 11 to p. 45, last line).

IV. Concerning poetry and poets.

This passage consists of extracts from the forty-ninth
section of theMuzhir ft ^ulUm al lughdh, a well-known treatise
on philology, by Jalal al din al Suyuti, who died in 1505 a.d.
(Bulaq edition, 1282 a.h., vol. ii. pp. 234—245).

V. Specimens of Arabian eloquence, wit, and wisdom.

These are selected from the Kitdh al baydn wal tabaiyun, a
very interesting work on rhetoric by 'amr ibn Bahr al Jahiz,

who died in 869 a.d. (Cairo edition, 1313 a.h., vol. i. p. 175,
1. Stop. 192, 14). 1.

VI. Early Moslem asceticism.

Extracts from the same work, vol. ii. p. 86, 1. 9 to p. 91,
1. 22.

VII. The meaning and derivation of *

Sufi.'

Two extracts from the Hisdlah al Qushairtya%, an important

treatise on early Muhammadan mysticism, by Abu 1 Qasim al
Qushairi of Nishapur, who died in 1072 a.d. (Cairo edition,
1318 A.H., p. 9, 11. 3—10, and p. 149, 11. 24—35).
VIII. Stories of Moslem saints.

These are taken from the Leiden manuscript of the

Hilyafl al auliyd (Cod. 311 Warn.) by Abu Nu'aim al 'Isfahani,

who died in 1038 a.d. See the Leiden Catalogue, vol. v. p. 209.
The anecdotes of 'Ibrahim ibn 'Adham occur in vol. i. f. 182 6
and foil., while the story of Dh u '1 Nun al Misri comes in
vol. ii. f. 205 a and foil.
 PREFACE VU

IX. The Shu'ubiyah and their opponents.

Two extracts from the ^iqd al fwrtd of Tbn *abdi rabbihi,

vol. ii. p. 85, 1. 19 to p. 86, 1. 21 ; and p. 90, 1. 11 to p. 91,

1. 17.

X. The Mu'taziliyah.
Two
extracts from the KashMl^ a popular anthology com-
piled by Baha al din al 'Amili, who died in 1621 a.d. (Bulaq
edition, 1288 a.h., p. 159, 11. 14—21, and p. 219, 1. 18 to

p. 220, 1. 7).

XI Some A.rab orators.

This passage occurs in the Zahr al dddh by Abu 'Ishaq

'Ibrahim al Husri of Qairawan in North Africa, who died in
1022 or 1061 a.d. His anthology has been printed on the
margins of the ^iqd al /arid (Cairo edition, 1293 a.h.). The
passage in question will be found in vol. iii. p. 200, 1. 19
to p. 204, 1. 8. I have collated it with the Leiden manuscript,
1528 Testa, f. 188 6, 1. 15 and foil. See the Leiden Catalogue,
vol. i. p. 260.

XII. 'abdallah ibn Ja'far and the Caliph Mu'awiyah.

From the Hqd alfartd, vol. iii. p. 236, 1. 21 to p. 237, 1. 26.

XIII. Persons who died or fainted on hearing a song.

Also from the 'iqd, vol. iii. p. 256, 1. 13 to p. 258, 1. 11.

XIV. Ibn al Muqaffa'.

From the Zahr al dddb, printed on the margins of the ^iqdj

vol. i. p. 182, 1. 11 to p. 183, 1. 30. The same passage occurs
in the Leiden manuscript. Cod. 27, f. 88 «, 1. 15 and foil. See
the Leiden Catalogue, vol. i. p. 260.

XV. Ijaila al 'Akhyaliyah.

From the Zahr al dddb, vol. iii. p. 250, 1. 12 to p. 254, 1. 1,

and p. 256, 1. 31 to p. 257, 1. 2 = the Leiden manuscript, 1528

Testa, f 204 . 6, last line and foil.
Vlll PREFACE

XVI. Abu Dulamah.

From the 'iqd, vol. i. p. 97, 1. 18 to p. 98, 1. 13.

XVII. Al 'attabi.

From the Zahr al dddb, vol, ii. p. 237, 1. 8 to p. 239, 1. 29 =

the Leiden manuscript, 1528 Testa, £. 58 b, 1. 10 and foil.

XVIII. The vizier al Muhallabi.

From the same work, vol. i. p. 127, third line from foot, to
p. 129, 1. 16 = the Leiden manuscript, Cod. 27, f. 62 a, 1. 8 and
foil.

XIX. The §ahib 'Isma'il ibn 'abbad.

This passage consists of extracts from the third chapter of

the third part of the Yatimdh al dahr, a celebrated poetical
anthology compiled by Abu Mansur al Tha'alibi of Nishapur,
who died in 1038 a.d. (Damascus edition, 1304 a.h. vol. iii.

p. 33, 1. 5 to p. 37, 1. 10).

It will be observed that most of these pieces are taken from

works which were composed before the middle of the fifth century
of Islam, that is to say, not later than 1050 a.d., and therefore
fall within the best period of Arabic prose literature or, at all

events, sufficiently near it to ensure a correct and idiomatic style.

I have not made any extracts from the Kitdb al 'aghdni, as a
large number of passages selected from that incomparable book
have already been published at Bey rout under the Riwdydt title of

al 'aghdni ; and my e.g., by

choice has been limited in other ways,
the consideration that a piece which may be instructive and
illuminating to advanced scholars who are familiar with the
whole subject is often unsuitable for young students who are still
occupied in mastering the ordinary difficulties of the language.
Readers of this class, for whom the present Series is primarily
intended, will appreciate the vocalisation, fairly complete at the
beginning and gradually diminishing towards the end. As regards
the grammatical references in the Notes, those without author's
 PREFACE JX

name (for example, § 448 (/), Rem. b) refer to the sections of

Mr Thornton's Grammar ^which appeared in 1 905 as the first volume
of this Series; but I have also referred occasionally to the 3rd edition
of Wright's Arabic Grammar (1898), using the abbreviation,
*
Wright.' LHA . denotesmy Literary History of the Arabs (1 907).
The use of the Glossary will be facilitated if attention is paid
to the following explanation.
Wherever in the glossary the first or ground form of a verb is

mentioned as occurring in the text, a line is ruled and the

characteristic vowels are placed above or below, thus

j^\ 'akhadha ya'khudhu to take.

J^ sabaqa yasbuqu and yasbiqu to precede.

When the first form of the verb does not occur in the text,
the radical letters only are given, thus ^^pJ? — IV to set free^ for

the fourth form of talaqa has that meaning; and when the
second and third radicals are identical, the perfect is not vowelled,
thus

j^^ zanna yazunnu to think.

Where needful a preposition appears, thus :

U^ da'a yad'u to caJl, but

w^ U^ da'a bi, yad'u bi to call for, and

J U3 da'a li, yad'u li to pray for, to bless.

The vowels of each verb's first and final radical are uninaiked,
they being invariably fathah ; also fathah is omitted before I and
S, as no other vowel is permissible.
In case a noun is diptote, its final consonant bears daunnah,

thus O^J^ Pharaoh; but triptotes are not marked with tanwin,

thus jJl*- for halyun ornament ; nor are sound feminine plurals,
thus Otj-frj for thamaratun, fruits.
The following abbreviations are used*:
*- for >t.«*. jam' plural.
X PREFACE
2' JO^ J f
>&*• for w-J^-frJi ?"^^ jajii'u '1 niu'annath plural of the

feminine.
fix J
jb for si^yo mu'sinnath feminine.
wmo for -j-i^ muthanna dual.
Ace. for acciosative.
A.H. for Anno I/egirae, thus 75 a. h. denotes the seven ty-
fifth lunar year after the ojsf^ Heyira (Flight of the
Prophet from Mecca) in 622 a. d., which marks the
commencement of the Muhammadan era.

Fig. for figuratively.

Impf for imperfect.
Inf. for infijiitive.
= for equivalent to.

It should also be mentioned that the masdar follows its verb

in the accusative case : thus \^jj 2)jJ taraka tarkan signifies that
tark is the masdar of taraka. The reader will perceive the
distinction made throughout this volume between ^ and ^, the
former being always written when the letter has* its ordinary
sound, namely i (pronounced ee) or y, whereas ^^ is written
only when it has the sound of a.

Texts published in the East are seldom accurate, and it is not

easy to correct them without reference to good manuscripts, an
advantage which I have generally been obliged to forgo on this
occasion. Therefore I wish to acknowledge with sincere gratitude
the generous help that 1 have received from my friend and
colleague, Professor A. A. Bevan, and from Professor D. S.

Margoliouth. Nor must I omit to thank the authorities of the

I^eiden University Library for placing at my disposal some
valuable MSS., which otherwise I should not have been able to
consult without serious inconvenience.

REYNOLD A. NICHOLSON.
Cambridge,
October y 1909.
 CONTENTS
PAGES
I. The manners, customs, and beliefs of the

Pre-islamic Arabs . . . . |
—a
II. The war of Dahis and al GhabrS, . . a — ( f
III. Arab knights IT— T*
IV. Concerning poetry and poets . . .
f • — T^

V. Specimens of Arabian eloquence, wit, and

wisdom r*^— 1^*1

VI. Early Moslem asceticism . . . .

pT — 6
VII. The meaning and derivation of '
Sufi ' . OC — 6 A
VIII. Stories of Moslem saints . . . . ^a — IT
IX. The Shu'ubiyah and their opponents . Tr— v (

X. The Mu'taziliyah v| vt
XI.
XII.
Some Arab
'abdallah
orators

ibn
.....
Ja'far and the Caliph
vc — A»

Mu'awiyaii . . . . . . A — aF
XIII.

XIV.
Persons
song
Ibn al
......
who died or fainted on hearing a

....
Muqaffa'
A£»-

11--lr
-u
XV. Laila al 'Akhyaliyah ^^--11
XVI. Abu Dulamah !.--! r

XVII. Al 'attabi 1- r--1 v

XVIII. The vizier al Muhallabi . 1 •A--1 !•
XIX. The 9ahib 'Ismail ibn 'abbad . .--1 n
.......
1 1

Glossary 1
|v--n
 ERRATA AND ADDENDA

P. 1 , 1. 9. For spU read spU.

P. rv, L 4. For g^)|A read 'l^^.

P. Ta, 1. 10. For t^ read t!JiJ.

P. of-, 1. 7. The words ^^^ o^ 'l^ aLT jUjI J^t '^t

OyJ*^ .^ "^i occur in the Koran, ch. 10, ?;. 63.

P. 6 A, 1. 4. i^or ^^Lfl^^t reac? /jUljjUt.

P. Ic, 1. 1. For jit read Jil.

P. A A, 1. 11. For j-Ju recw/ 4^5^-

P. I r, 1. 11. ^or ^JL»^I rearf ^^Jv^l.

P. I
.1^, 1. 5. Read ^jLls.
 GLOSSARY r 1 .

see 3^. ^j>^ Hill. c^Ji—'%ki

Joseph. «J^>»
The Yaman, s^^S — C>-»?}

South Arabia.
Day, day of j\j\ ^j^yi Belonging to the Yaman. ^J l^
battle.
The party of the OWt
On that day, then. J^>! Southern Arabs.
r-1 GLOSSARY

figure called tA^\ (a species Take charge of, ad- ^Jj

of metonymy). minister, be or become gover-
Harlot. <t»^o^ — c/*»^3
nor (of a province) or Caliph
II make (anyone) Caliph or
Waterless 5 U^ — ^-cj governor double ace. appoint
; ,

desert.
(anyone) to (a command) : V
Give; li of 2ub v^^ take charge of, look after.
person and ace, forgive (any-
Near, appropriate, llJjt
one a fault) ace. and
-*-
^3
; li, for-
seemly ; friend, saint, holy
give (anyone) for the sake of
(anyone), grant anyone's
Governor, viceroy. 6^^ (T'.Oh
pardon as a favour to anyone
VI forgive one another. Elative of jJj- ^^^[5'

Liberal, munificent. w'^Aj Client, enfran- Ji^ ^ \Jy^

I V cause (anyone) to ^^j chised slave, patronI, lord.
believe (anything).
Mistress.
Imagination, conjecture, j^^ IV indicate by a sign, Uj
Woe, alas. Ju^ allude, use the rhetorical

Hand, a united jut 9- ju O, oh.

body.
XX X Ox Gog. ^^^W
Before, in front of, j^Ju ^j-o
in the presence of.
X
Despair; min, Ub yj>J^
A game of despair of.
hazard played with arrows.
J J Ox
Jacob. w>^A3U Dryness. j
^
i>i><
— C'**^

T. A. III.
 GLOSSARY r.A

VIII lean, support 1^3 •

the hands of; ma'a, meet
one's self. II add a note or postscript
(to a letter).

Procession. Battle. 4jt33

Nest. j^3-^^- That which happens to iait^

II ace. of'person and ^J^3 anyone, accident, adventure.

Ox Ox
bi, put (anyone) in charge of Note added Ol*,^^ ^ 7^3^
(anything), entrust (any- to a letter, postscript.
thing) to the care of (any-
Harmony (in music). 9^^
one): VIII 'ala, rely on, be
confident of.
Stand, stand still ; wa3j
'ala, stop at (a place), present
Bring forth (young), jjj
one's self to (anyone) ; ace.
bear (children); passive, be
and 'ala, cause (anyone) to
born.
stop at (a place), conduct
Child, son; jj^j ^Nljl ^ jjj (anyone) to ; bi and *ala,
also collective, children. present (anyone) to (anyone),
bring into anyone's presence:
Boy. 0\J^3 TT- ^3
II and IV ace. of person and
Father. jj)^
*ala, make (anyone) acquaint-
Parents. O^J^^^ ed with (anything): V stop,

Son.
halt : X ask (anyone) to halt.
>^y^
Guard : VIII guard ^j
Of poetry, modern, com- jj^
one's self against, be afraid of,
posed after the corruption of
fear.
the Arabic language.
Fear of God, piety, L^V^
The moderns, the O^^^^
modem poets. Fear of God, piety. ^Ju
Acquired long ago, long jJU God-fearing, pious. iUul ». ^Ju
possessed, hereditary pro-
perty.
Elative oj ^Ju ^^\
r.v GLOSSARY

Envoys (sent to a prince jki^ and bi, commit (anyone) by

or viceroy), deputation. testament to the charge of
(anyone), recommend to any-
Be abundant or \jyi^ jij
ample.
one's good offices : X bi and
tji^, commend (anyone) to
Abundant, ample, full. jit^
one's self, take good care of
Elative ofjiS^. (anyone).

II of God^ cause to i^3 Place, put, put down, 9^^

succeed, help III agree with,
:
found, establish ; fi, devote
be in accord with : VIII (money) to (a certain purpose);
happen, occur. 'an, put (anything) off' from :

6-
Divine aid or blessing. iji^y> VI arrange with one another;
li, humble one's self before
Keep a promise : pli^
^^ (anyone).
III come to, meet: V o/ God,
Place.
take to himself ;
passive, die tt^
(a blessed death). Oven.
^
Death.
Soft sandy

Loyal, faithful. ground.

Complete, perfect. Promise.

Elative of \^\^, J^3

Warn, admonish. SlIss- ^^
Time, occasion.
Warning, Ji^t^ ^ 4JaP^
IV kindle, light.
admonition.
Be or become j3^ —j jS^
heavy; fi,sink deep into (any- Foolish, base. ^U'^t w j^^
one's heart). IV fi, enter far into. J^j
Fall, befall, ulj ^3 -^ *ala, come to (a S^lij j^^

happen, occur; 'inda, fall into prince or viceroy).

 GLOSSARY r.1

Quality, \^La^\ 9* «Ju0j Oflfice of vizier. h^j3

attribute.
Urge on, instigate. ej^
Join, 4X05 ^y^3 ^)'^3
Weigh, balance, give OJj
make presents to (anyone)
rhythm to (words).
'ila, reach, come close to : III
be united with (anyone) con- ;
Metre, rhythm. UJ3
tinue to do (anything) with- Measure.
out interruption : IV 'ila,
Metrical. 03Jy^
convey or deliver (anything)
to (anyone) : V employ subtle A kind of aIJLuiIj — .kw^
means {e.g. a ruse or flattery) ship.

to gain one's object; 'ila, Be ample enough for, itw^

seek to arrive at or endeavour comprise : VIII be or become

to attain (anything) by any wide or extensive, be opulent.
means : VIII bi, arrive at,
Abundance, opulence,
attain to.
riches.
Gift, donation. ^ULo
bi, entitle (a book)
Access, attainment, 0y^3 VIII designate one's self.

Inf. ofj^^ III. Jloj Designation. d

A ewe which brings a^L^^ Season at which the

forth two young (a male and
pilgrimage to Mecca takes
a female) at a birth.
place.
IV recommend ; bi, j«-«^
IV 'an and suhj.^ be «*JL^^
give a testamentary injunc-
near (doing anything), be on
tion respecting (anyone); CLCC.
the point of.
of person and recommend
J^% —
bi,

(anyone) to do (anything),
Embroidered ^^-y^^
.

silk.
charge (anyone) by testament
to ... ; 'ila, give a testamentary Describe ; bi,

injunction to (anyone) ; 'ila describe (anyone) as

 r* GLOSSARY

Name of a place. Face, countenance, 6^^^ •»* 4a.^

aspect, appearance (of truth),
Blood-wit.
reason, probability ; chief,
Leave. (This verb is j^^ leading man.
not used in the perfect.) Side. Ay».
Inherit: IV bequeath ^j^
As regards, in con- i,^ ^j^
(as an inheritance), leave be-
nection with.
hind double ace., bequeath
;

(anything) to (anyone).
Alone, by
J ^
dj^».j
^
— jk*.^

himself.
Inheritance. w>;l
Solitude. Sjk^.^
Inheritance. ^!>5>^
One, single, singular Jl».Ij

Come down to, come to. ^j^ number.

IV distress, grieve :
*
Rose. ^jj V be or become wild : X li,

Place to which one comes h3 mourn the loss of.

down for water.
Wild
J J y
beast. t^^».j -*- Ji^^
Watering-place; >j^yc ^ 3j>« Wild, savage. tj»,j
i.

place of danger.
Jig.,
Hint, speak U».j i^^"^ —
Abstinence from cj^ — cj^ enigmatically.
what is unlawful, devoutness. Revelation.
— sr^
Collective, ^JJ^ j3j3 Wish.
leaves, paper for writing.
Love. d.>>0
Collective, {^j^^ — ^J3
Let, let be, let alone,
mankind. 1^3
II take leave of, bid
Behind. f\j^
farewell to : X deposit.
Bear a burden, be a jjj Taking leave, bidding et^^
vizier.
farewell.

Minister of a sovereign, jjj^ Valley, water- >tj \^^3

course.
 GLOSSARY r.i^

oi
Desire, will, «
A bird jM ^ 4-«U—^yb
passion. that was believed by the pagan

Air.
Arabs to come forth from the
skull of a dead man, wraith.
Fear.
Be of little account ^U
Excite, stir up, be
or insignificant : VI bi, hold
roused, rush.
in contempt, despise.
Battle.
Light, easy, inconsiderable. ^>tjA
Be distraught, roam ^U
Elative of ^j^.

Far from it *\-t^ Desire, love.

iS^

Leap, spring. ^r^3 And, even, also ; before a ^

nominal sentence, whereas,
An assault. dj^^
while, since, when; with the
bi, place confidence iij Jpj genitive in oaths, by.
in, trust.
Alas 1^
Idol. 0^.5' ^ CHJ Bury (a female lib ib
*ala, be incumbent child) alive.
on, be binding on.
Pestilence.
Cowardly. vWo Pestilential.
Csii
Find, feel, perceive
String (a bow) : II jj^
(a smell).
same meaning.
IV abbreviate,
make concise.
A prayer consisting of jH^
three inclinations of the head.
II bi, send ; bi cmd
'ila, send (anything) to (any- String (of a bow or jUjI j* jJj
one). musical instrument).
r*r GLOSSARY

Come here !, come ! ^^Xa Direct : IV make or ^jJb

Intend ; bi, be intent ^mi
offer

(anything)
a gift; ace.

as
and 'ila, give
a present to
on, be on the point of, be
anxious to (do anything) (anyone): VI give to one

VIII bi, be intent on. another : VIII take the right

way.
Care, anxiety, grief. ^^
Gift. AjjA
Aspiration, purpose, lofty Sl^
spirit.
wl J This.
C!^
That which causes anxiety, ^^y^
an important or dangerous Flee. w>A
afifair. Be or become decrepit. j^jA

Name of a tribe. C>^J^^ Decrepit. j^^

Belonging to ^JtjLoA
Shake, brandish. jjh
Hamadhan (Ecbatana).
Jest, be gay. jjjb
There. jui
Put to flight. jijA
II bi or *ala, felicitate Ub
(anyone) upon, wish (anyone) Be exhilarated; strike ^JiA—^ —
joy of. leaves oflf a tree (with a stick).

inf. o/Ua it. 3^45 Thus. IJ^

Proper name feminine, jjjb
Particle of inter- Ja
rogation.
The Indians. ju^t V flash. JJLa

Indian; a burning-glass. iTjJkA Belonging to the tribe

Jj*^
ofHilal. " '
An Indian sword.
Perish: IV destroy: <j}
He, it.
^^ >A X cause to be lost, destroy.
A Jew. Deadly place, J^\^ 2SJ^
Terror. desert.
 GLOSSARY r. r

9 0^ ^ »>

Lighthouse. S)U« Forbid, prohibit; L^ ^-^5

*an, forbid (anyone) to (do

Cave used as a burial-place, anything) : VIII 'ila, arrive

at, reach.
cave, cemetery.

Kind, variety, cl^l »- c^ Terminus, finishing- v<^^

She-camel. 550 point.

VI grasp, seize. J^ Come upon, befall, w»0

Gift, bounty. Jly overtake ; *an, take the place
of (anyone).
Sleep. Uy ^U
Intend, propose ^^ ^^^
Vicissitude,
^^ 21
^^
calamity.
to one's self as an end.
Calamity, mis- 5iy ^ aJU
Place to which anyone ^^ fortune, accident.
migrates, dwelling-place.
Noah.
Reach, overtake, %J Jlj
attain, obtain, get : IV cause Light.
(anyone) to obtain. Fire.
Bounty, benefit.
J.513 Hell-fire. ,Ut

hammad from Mecca to see ^JJt. OU

Medina, 622 a. D.), the Hegira.
Hagar. j^^
Vituperate, satirise. U»Jb
see tJkA. .^J>
'.*^

Vituperation, satire.
Fall down, descend.
Satirist.
5"
V threaten. ^jub Separate one's t/»Jb

Destroy, demolish. >ftjub self from, abandon.

i a 1
Hoopoe. The Flight (of Mu- 5;-^^^'
r* I
GLOSSARY

Marry.

Marriage.
e- X exhaust.
IV execute ; 'ila, send
jJu
J^
or transmit (anything) to
Disapprove, find fault jio (anyone).
with : IV deny, repudiate,
Of an animal, be jJ6
object to (an assertion), be
startled, start, flee : II startle,
displeased with.
frighten away.
II bi, make an ex- JXi
A number of persons (from jJu
ample of, inflict an exemplary
three to ten), a few.
punishment on (anyone).
< J J
0/ a wild beast, springing j»\j
Nimrod. SjgUJ jy '>3j-o^ on its prey.

Carpet, rug ; Jig., ia-ij Soul, j^jiJ ?*. i^;*Ju ^^^*Ju

fashion. self.

Ju>UI 9- ilftjl — J^ Breath. ^Ujl ^ ^j^

Finger. , Ill act hypocritically :
^^
0/news, be conveyed, ^^^^ IV expend.

be reported. Inf. of ijju III. JIaJ

Growth, development. X^j Gift, Jity -»- iUili — Jsii

Highway,
beaten track.
^—^ work
X deliver (from
of supererogation.
evil). Jiii

River. j^ —j^
II 'an, examine,
scrutinise.
^
^ 6 ^ , J
Day. jl^ Transport, con- %aj Jii
Name of a district ^j\^j^\ vey from one place to another
to the south-east of Baghdad. VIII move from one place to
another, depart.
Stand up, rise ; 'ila, ^;a^
rise against, attack: IV 'ila, Clean, pure. ^Ju — ^-ii

make (anyone) rise and go to.

Break (a UJo s^^
Of an Jiyj —
ass, bray. ^ promise), violate (a compact).
 GLOSSARY

A glance. S^iaj Set up, erect, Loj

fix.
Similar, parallel. j«^
A stone w^L^ut •>. v'ma>^
Appearance, aspect. jiau^ used as an altar.

String together, ^^lau Share, lot. w^^jqA)

compose poetry : II bi, adorn

Help, assist, defend. j.-cJ
(one's neck) with (a neck-
Helper. j\^\^ 0^/-»«U •>- ^-^0
lace).
I ^
Jeweller. ^Usu Christian. j^jlcu 9» iV!^-^

That which is composed j»^ixio The Helpers (of juJ^*!

in verse. Muhammad at Medina).

Describe. Ujti Cou Descended from the ^^jlcul

'Ansar or Helpers of Mu-
Shoe. Jlx) 9- Jju
hammad.
Be soft or smooth :
j^ Sword. JwA)
IV *ala, benefit, do a kind-
ness to, bestow bounty on.
Fore-lock.
Yes. jfpu
IV cook well, bake «>..CL»
Beneficence, benefit, ^^ ^ i^ well.
favour, bounty, prosperity,
Verdant. j-^U —
happiness.
IV make lean, ^-iu
Bounty, favour, benefit,
emaciate.

jUxU — JJaJ
happiness.
Speech,
Benefactor. eloquence.

Look,
Musical ^^ ^
see, look tjiaJ jJaJ

note. at, look for, seek ; 'ila, look

at ; ft, look into, inspect
Spit
III debate or dispute with,
Inflate.
e interrogate, examine.
\ ^ ^
GLOSSARY

Women. 0'^-^3 *^ Crier. >U-«

Munificence, ^^jJ \^<X>

IV grant delay to UJ
liberality.
(anyone), give (anyone) time
(to pay a debt). Vow. J jJ
Draw back, retire ; cjJ

to ;
passive, 'ila, derive one's 'ila, incline towards, hasten

name from III be analogous

:
to : III dispute with (any-

to, resemble. one) : VI dispute with one

another, contend.

alogy. Come down, •^jjj JjJ

descend, alight, encamp; ace,
'ila, attribution to, den- ijw
alight at, encamp near; bi,
vation from.
descend on, come upon : II
Erotic prelude (of an w--}-J
of God, send down (the Ko-
ode).
ran from heaven) : III de-
Genealogist. AjCj scend (from a horse or camel)

Piety, .iJLj — JLJ to fight with (anyone): IV

cause to alight, give lodging
devotion.
to (anyone).
Pious, devout. JLJ •- JL»U
Revelation (of the Ko- sj-i}^
Hasten. jjj ran).
,

Forget.
^^ Abode, dwelling. J}^
^

Grow up : IV tvith lij Station, position, rank. AJJ-U

follovnng imp/., begin to.

II remove far (from ojj

Place where one grows up, l£I« evil), preserve from con-
origin. tamination ; ace. and 'an, re-

IV recite (poetry), jjLj move (anyone) far from (any-

recite (poetry) to (anyone). thing evil).

Spread, spread out. j^ Bound, rebound. Ijj

 GLOSSARY nA
Throat. j^^»^ ^j^^—jm^- Bring forth (young) ; •-w

—^ J*^ help (a she-camel) to do so;

Collective, J**-*
passive, bring forth (young):
IV produce.
We.
^ ^ ^ ^
Product, result.
^.A !>, cough
II y.A.;,s

from one's chest, hem and Scatter.

haw.
That which is written in jyL«
II remove, take %a^
prose.
away.
Be or become '-r'"f^
Direction. ^m^
, » ,
noble.
Towards. ^a^J More or
Grammar. ^aLjt most valiant.

Grammarian. yc^a^
Side, quarter, region. 4m^»>0 Molar tooth.

V choose the best J*i^ Name of a district o!>^

of (anything). in South Arabia.
Palm-tree. J*^ X ask (anyone) to J^
Pride, sense S^aLJ ^aJ fulfil (a promise).
of honour.
Star.
Scar. w>jJ •*. AjjJ — w^jJ Be saved, escape : UkJ
Rare, exquisite. j3U—jjJ III converse secretly with :

Rarity or dis- ^^\y> -». d;^^ IV save.

tinction (of style), witty say- Secret conversation, iSy^

ing, anecdote.
'
confidence, intimacy.

Napkin, J^J^^ — Jj^ One who shares rt..a> >I

handkerchief, kerchief for the secrets of another, con-

tying round the neck, sash. fidant.

Ill call out, cry, call ^jJ Term (of ^.a* j — ^.^j
to (anyone). life), vow.
 nv GLOSSARY
^
Flocks. JU Skilful Ov*
property, wealth, money. management, administration.
"Water. *U — d^ ,
Wild cow (a ^^^^ *. d[yc
Race-course. 0'**^J^ species of antelope).
II discern, dis- j^ Die : IV cause to die. OU
criminate,
'ila, turn aside to, Jto Death. ^y^3 O^
incline towards X seek to Dead.
^
:

lt'^*
win the favour of (anyone).
Dead.
Mile. J^
waves.
More or most inclined.
Collective,
^^
X J
Speak falsely, lie. ^jU Moses.
^r'^

o
Date-wine. I
see j_;*Jt yj>»\i

X make (water) gush Ja^j

One who looks after j^U
date-palms or vines, gardener.
forth ; Jig., produce a fluent
discourse. Calamity. ^U — 3U
Rise, spring up. iuj Be far ; become re- ^U
mote from (anyone), depart
Collective, Jui — jJ*J
from.
arrows.

II exhort : IV rouse <suJ

II inform. U
from sleep, awaken : VIII News, tidings. u
rise from sleep, awake. Prophet. iUJ I

Celebrity, renown. 4JbLj

\
Prophetic calling or office. 5^
Of a sword, have the L3 j
IV cause (a plant)
edge turned, become blunt. I to grow.
 GLOSSARY m
Kingdom, empire. ^bCJLo«o Hate (on ac-

Slave. Jy^ count of an abominable

action).
Who? o^
Mecca.
He, she, or they who, one yj^ i

who, those who, whoever, if

Stay, remain,

anyone. wait.

IV be possible ; ace, ^^^Sic

Of, from, out of, by, on ^^
be possible for (anyone).
the part of; after a com-
parative, than. Be or become weary ^J^
of, be disgusted with.
'ala, bestow a favour ^^
on, spare the life of. Weariness, tedium. ^*%o
Death, fate. 0>^ Religion. aJU
Double ace. give y
(a.ny- -.j^— ^
Fill ; double ace. or *j<^
thing) to (anyone).
ace. arid min, fill with.
J a J
Since,

Hinder, prohibit; «-u Witticism, bon mot.

double ace or ace. and min.
Elegant, graceful.
withhold (anything) from r^
(anyone) V defend one's IV become poor. JiJU
self, be inaccessible : VIII
Possess, be or become >i\Xc
min or 'an , refrain from, re-
king, rule.
fuse to.

"V
W desire
V&V'O&A X/m
y~7. King. ^'iUf^ J^ -- dUU
f J J
Desire. Property, possessions.

Death, fate. UU^i^ Kingdom, empire,

Dowry. sovereignty.
^ ^
Wilderness, l^ast
^
A-^y^ The followers of ijjljl
desert. M&lik ibn 'Anas.
 Me GLOSSARY

The side of bi or *ala, pass by : X >«

the temple, the part of the of a rope, become tightly
head between the ear and the twisted ; fig., become firm or
eyebrow. fixed.

IV enter on the i«*~« Rope ;fig., determination, jjj-o

time of evening, become. resolution.

Go, walk : III Ci Belonging to the tribe of iTj^

walk with (anyone). Murrah.

Egypt. Man. jj^ij

Si^U I v«t
'j-«'J J-«
«»''«-<> — 'J-*

{with the article 5lj-oJt) St^l

Province, district. jLauo\ -».

Woman, wife.
Name of a tribe. j.-a^ Wholesome.
Go, pass.
Manliness.

Decision, energy. Persian governor, OVJJ-*

satrap.
Past. 4^t«
u^j^
Rain. >-->- Sick, diseased.
J^ ^
Rain-cloud. xi" Mary.
Ace. of person and JjL« What is

bi, keep (anyone) waiting for

c'^~s^
mixed with wine, blend, ad-
(payment of a debt) defer mixture.
payment of a debt to (any-
Jest, speak
one). c-^
pleasantly or agreeably.

V be torn to pieces. cJ-«

Beast of d urden, animal for
II tear to pieces : V ^J^yc
riding.
be torn to shreds :
of a repu-
With.
^3 ^ tation, be fiercely attacked.

Together. Wipe, brush, stroke. ;>..>.>o

n2
 GLOSSARY Ml^

Lion. II colour : V change ^j^

Is not. in appearance.

bi, be suitable for.

'alii, turn towards, ^^y
Night. pay attention to.

A night. Would that ^^

Trial, Not. U
persecution, inquisition. What? U
Lengthen, make long. jl« What, whatever, that which, U
if anything, as long as, as far
Space of time, period. Zj^
as.
Lengthened, bearing ^jj^.o-« it.
the sign rtiadddh.
As, just as. ^t U^j lo^D

Praise. -.ju« ^—
Panegyric, encomium.
A hundred.
Panegyrist.
Care, ii^^j ijj^ — jjU
^ trouble.

When, whenever. ^I^

City.
J ,0, VIII obey, comply JJl«
Medina. with.

Belonging to al Mada'in _Jt jl« Likeness, the like, the J^

(Ctesiphon). same, one like, like.

Term, limit, ^^jl« — ^j^ Proverb. JIUI ^ jli

utmost range. Bladder. a^uu
Adulterated, JJl« — JJuo II glorify, magnify
insincere. IV make noble.
 GLOSSARY

Inf. of ^11. Philologists.

VIII become
But. 0^3 O^ 'ala,

joined to, be accessible to.

Unable to O^l — O^
VIII turn one's self C-siJ
express one's self, stammering.
(in a certain direction), turn
With jussive, not. ^ round.
When ; unth jussive, l^ Word, ex-
Ox
iiiJ — JaiJ
not yet. pression, diction.
IV bi, approach. ^^ II patch together. Jii3
VIII
A re-
seek, procure. ^,^-^
IV find. ^
iHc II ace. and bi, call
markable or characteristic
(anyone) by the nickname
trait.
of...

JFi^A subjunctive, not. ,j^)

By-name, surname, nick- w*5J
Flame. ^^^ — w^ name.
'an, be diverted from, lyj Mouth- ^^ 9. io^—^aJ
neglect. ful.

Play, idle amusement. ^3 II cause to under- ^jJid

Plaything, ^^U g. ^^ stand, instruct, inform.

amusement. Meet, confront, meet ^Jd

St i 0.^ Ox
If. oI^jV with, experience : II dictate,

Even though, even. suggest, inspire: III meet,

^j
Ox meet with, suffer : IV throw,
If not, were there not, 'nJ^J
throw down, set down; ace.
were it not for.
and 'ila, commit or hand over
Shine II indicate
:

(anything) to (anyone): VI
briefly.
meet in combat, encounter
Blame, reproach. VIII meet; bi or ma'a, en-
Ox
A reproach. 4^^ gage in combat with.
T. A. III.
 GLOSSARY
t
Flesh. .^r:^-.*^ see ^1.
^ ^ - ^
Mispronounce UaJ jJaJ III agree with, be in ^"n)
(a vowel).
accord with.
Sound, melody. ^U*JI

Beard. A*p^i —^aJ

». ^>«J
Meanness, avarice. ^
Mean, miserly, ignoble. ^^^ii

Beside, near, since. ^ jJ

see ,jl.
t Hot
^N)j ^N)
J^
From, from the time of. ,jjJ ^>o

Beside, at, in. \^^

In telligence, ^— ,*p^
understanding.
Cleave to, adhere to, >6p
The part of the body just 3Ji
be incumbent on.
below the throat; plural, the
Tongue. jjLJ — ,j,>-J
upper part of the breast.
Robber, ^ja^^ 9- ^joi Delay. ,*^ -1-
brigand.
Put on (clothes), ll J
II make elegant, c<^>.)
clothe one's self with.
refine.
Clothing, dress, article of ,^U
Subtle, delicate. o^j^
clothing.
Elative of ijUaJ. wftlaJt
Passive, bi, fall pros- ^
VIII of waves dash ^^^ J trate on the ground.
against one another.

Play. UaO^ CoJ %,^oO

Milk-camel .
^^ — ^J
Bit, bridle. ^UJ —>^
A game. Belonging to the tribe
«« ^ J
^^^x^J
Perhaps. cW of Lujaim.

Curse. L>*^ Overtake; bi, rejoin, JiaJ

Language, idiom, dxJ — ^aJ reach : IV ace. of person and
lexicography, philology, ety- bi, cause (anyone) to attain
mology. to (anything).
n I
GLOSSARY

With following imj)/., ^l^ Be or become com- J-^^

be on the point of, be almost . .
.
plete, be perfect.
preceded by negative^ not be Completeness, perfection. JU^
near, be far from....
Perfect. aJL^ *. J^l^
Name of a city on ii^t
the Euphrates.
Elative of J^l£». J^t
She-camel lU^^ j^^^ Conceal one's self, ,j>o^
with a large hump. lie in ambush : IV place in
< ^ J ambush, conceal.
Be, exist. \j^^ O^
Place where one is, \j\^
Side, outlying district.
place, position.
Ace. and bi, call
^^^
Brand, cauterise. ^3^ (anyone) by a name of honour:
Strive, struggle. ^l^ II give a name of honour to
(anyone).
He died painfully, a*»^ >l£9

suffered in dying. Name of honour im^ 9f ^t^^

(when a person is called
How % >SJ=>
"father of so-and-so," either
Quality. a *aJ=> a son or a daughter).

Li of command. J3 J To, belonging to, Jj J

Not, no. '^ referring to, due to, for, for
the use because on
A poem in which I is Su^*^ of, of,

account of, for the sake of.

the rhyme-letter.
^ ^0>O Jul
Name of a ^^a^t a*^*^ Why?
celebrated poem.
That, in order that. J
Verily, surely. J
 GLOSSARY I ^

Whenever, as often as. l.©-^ Suppressing anger. ^i»kf>

By no means. tj^ Ankle- ^<>ir.^ — w'^^i^

Guard, watch. *^-^ bone.

>*^^ S-X£:»— V-J^ The Ka'bah, the temple i-*^t

f z at Mecca.
Dog.

Belonging to the tribe *an, hold back from, v-a^

ltj^
restrain from.
of Kalb.
Hi
Palm of the hand, hand. \J%^
Belonging to the tribe j-j^^l^^

of Kiiab. VI be equal to one U^

Distressing, 9-i^ — H'^ another.

afflicting. Disbelieve (in God), jst^

II speak to, address ^oJL^

:
be ungrateful.
V speak, discourse ; bi, pro- Infidelity. ji£s
fess (a doctrine).
Nourish, maintain, yjj^
Speech, oral statement, >o^lL£> take care of.

discourse, words (of alter-

Be sufficient, suffice, i**^
cation).
be enough for, do (anything
Scholastic theology. ^"^1 for anyone), take charge of

(an affair); double ace, be

Word, expression, phrase. ioJ^
sufficient for (anyone) again"St
Scholastic theologian. ^«JbCl« (anything), do (anything) in
anyone's stead, relieve (any-
How much ?, how ^^ one) of (anything).
long 1

Competence. ajU&
A round cap i^-^^o-o^
or bonnet of the kind called Competent, oU^ ^ ^l£»
capable.

Collective^ Sl^& — L^^ All, every, each, the J»^

truffles. whole.
lAl GLOSSARY

Honour, respect, favour. 2ulj^ ornumerous, multiply: Xmin,

procure a large quantity of
Elative ofj^^Ss. ^j3t
' i , » ^ (anything).
Noble action j>j\SiA r^ axjSU
Abundance, multitude. SjJi^
or quality.
Much, abundant, j-*^^
Dislike : IV ace. of djj^
numerous.
person and *ala, force (any-
one) to do (anything that is Elative of jj:^. ^1
disliked). VIII treat (the Ja,,^
Dislike, unwilling- 6j^3 d^ eyelid) with antimony.
O J
ness, repugnance. Antimony. ^Ja>ir-»

Toil, labour, exert 9-J^

Partridge. one's self.

Drowsiness, ^j^ — kSJ^ see\^. \jd9

light sleep.
Lie, speak falsely, ^J^
Acquire. ii^-.A tell lies ; tell a lie to (any-

Sweep. ^»i-.»>£n one) : IV show to be false,

convict of falsehood.

Chosroes. Falsehood. w^j^

Eclipse ^3- ot. see iui iU Jci>
(of the sun or moon).

Double ace, clothe L»*£»

Chair, ^^^j^ ^ ^^
(anyone) in a garment, pre-
II honour, respect, j»^
hold in high esteem, show
sent a garment to (anyone).
honour to : IV same meaning.
Garment, robe. ^^^>*-^ ^ S^»^ Nobility, generosity. v»j^
Garment, robe. pU^ A vine. 4-«^£»

Become gloomy with^,k£^( Noble, of y>\^ ^ y»i^

suppressed anger). generous nature.
 GLOSSARY I AA

Measure. ju5 Female superintendent,

Analogy. i^tjS ^^;^ governess.

Belonging to the tribe Resident.

•r-js^
of Qais. Be or become strong ; ^^
Caesar (title Sj-oLs -». j-^uS *ala, be strong enough for,

of the Byzantine Emperors). have strength to endure.

M J
Sleep at midday. J15 Strength.
Slave-girl, a-u5 — ^J^ II shackle, fetter, ^15
singing-girl. restrict.

J
*
Write; bi, give ^*.^ Like, as. ^
£
written orders for (anything
to be done): III of a master,
see jjt. 1
o^
contract with a slave to set
see U. ^J 1 CisjC^.
him free on payment of a Camphor. jy'lfe

certain sum. Cover (of a aJU--vr^

J J J
Writing, ^,,,*I^^ w.^,X^ -». w>U£9 dish).
J
book, letter. Grow big. y^
The Book, the Koran. >[:Si\
Pride.

Body of troops, squadron A*,-^

Great, old, grown up, yj=
of cavalry.
adult, advanced in age.
Writer, scribe, clerk. w*jl£» 1

Great, noble. ^l^

— <uu^
1

f
Shoulder. Uu£s J,0 t

Elative of^^^^ plural,

Become much or j^ ;

abundant, be numerous, be jj\^\, elders. dignit aries,

widely spread II : make much ! grandees.

 I AV GLOSSARY

Leader, guide. jJl5 Well.

Bow. uH^*
V hang (a sword) jJi
upon one's self.
Y of an assembly^ sj<^^
break up, disperse. Collar, necklace, jj"^ ^ O*^*

Cluck. ^3^3 ^V Key. juJli* ^ >*3^3 jJJU

Say, speak, think ; li,

J 15 Young she- u«^JL5 ,^jaJ3

name, call ; bi, profess belief camel.

in (a doctrine). Remove, extract, tear »J15
out.
Saying, Jj^UIj Jt^t ^ J^
speech. Moon. jko5 — j-o5
Game of hazard, gambling, j l^
Saying, anything Ajli«3 JU^
to say, speech, discourse. V clothe one's self ^ja^
in a shirt.
Stand, stand up, UU5 j^S
Shirt.
rise ; 'ila, rise and go to ; 'an,

rise and depart from : TV Calamitous, jh^ —jJk^J?

make to stand, cause to rise,
Curb, subdue. ^^•^
straighten, make upright, in-
bi, be content with : «<l5
stitute, establish, set up,
II veil.
maintain, draw up, arrange,
remain, continue, stay (in a VIII get for one's self, i^
place) : X hold one's self up- acquire.

right, be rightly constituted, Lance; subterranean 513

be correct (in metre). channel or conduit.

People, folk, ^t^St

OP
-j.
6^
^^ Wine. djyS ^
kinsfolk, party, some. Food. O^ — O^
Resurrection. ^W^ Lead : IV min, give ^ 15

Hilt; of poetry, correct ^\3 retaliation upon (anyone who

(in metre). has killed another).
 GLOSSARY |Al

A kind of demon. Vj^ Short, brief. jLc3 ->- j-moS

Cut, cut off, reduce «Ja5 Shortened, not bearing jyaJLo

to silence, annul; 'ala, way- the sign maddah.
lay (anyone); *ala of person J JO *0*
The part of a mosque l^y*ojL^\
and ace, interrupt (the speech
(screened off from the rest of
of anyone).
the building) in which the
Pieces, fragments. Ola Caliph conducted public wor-
Sit, sit down : II jjt3 ship.

cause to sit, seat. X set forth ex- ^*cS

haustively.
Lowest depth, jji5 yiS
bottom. Distant or out- ^jo\^ ^ a^-oV5
Desert. jU5 ^j- yti — jJti
lying part (of a people).

Farther, farthest. \^^^^

Jump, spring. JJS
VIII burst forth, ^.^-mos

Rhymed. ^^^^^ — 3** appear suddenly.

Be little, be scarce, Ji Devour. ^o-a5

be few. Ordain, decide, ILa5 j«-a5

Seldom. perform, fulfil, pay (a debt):

Smallness.
VIII demand, require.

Destiny. ^LoS
Little, small, few.
Judge, cadi. ^^15
Elative of JJii.
That which is demanded, ^^a^I,^
Turn, turn inside out ^,^15 requirement, exigency.
(a garment), turn over, ex- With 'preceding ^— JaJai
amine closely (anything for
negative^ never.
sale): II same meaning zvith
Collect, congregate. ^j.Ja3
intensive force.
J J 0,
Heart, mind. ^^ ?r ^r^
All together. iJslS
I AC GLOSSARY

Divide; ace. and 'ala, Relationship, affinity, ^^j^

divide (anything) among (a relation.

number of persons).
Elative of ^f^^. w>5'
Portion. ^o— A white mark 4.».j.5 — p-ji

Oath. on the forehead of a horse,

.AT^
blaze.
j^\^ 0j^\3 —jJi3
•*.

year of drought or famine.

Collective, ticks, ^\j3 — :tj3

V be squalid, mortify \JtJi3 — insects which cling to camels.

one's self, practise austerities. Name of the jj1jj5 — cHji

Prophet's tribe.
Stor3% tale, icis — ,>a-a5
Belonging to Quraish.
affair.
i^j^

Intend, direct one's jlo5 Knock at (a door), cj3

course to (anyone) strike, smite III come to

; 'ila, go :

towards, betake one's self to,

blows with, engage in combat

direct one's attention to. with.

^ Inf. of &J.9 Til, combat, c\j3

Intention, direction,
battle.
right way.
Champion. 9^j3
Ode.
^ , Nourish (a child) ^9j3
Purpose.
badly, make lean, emaciate.
J ,
Aim, object.
One ^tj.51
^ Oj'^—OJ'^
Shorten. mak(? short: «.^ who is the match of anyone,
acG. and 'ala, restrict or con- peer, adversary.

fine (anything) to (anything)

Companion, associate. O^j^
II fall short; 'an, fall short
of, be unable to reach : IV Village. Ajj3 —jjJ
'an, desist from. Entertain as a ^^i j^^S

Castle, citadel. J3^ ^ >-a5 guest.

 GLOSSARY lAl^

Ancient.

Front part. Arrow.

*ala, be able to (ac- j jj
The ancients.
complish anything).
Obscenity,
abuse.
^J3 — ^ Dignity, nobility of
character, estimation.
jj3^ jj3

Obscene, abusive. cj^i ^3 Those who hold the 2ojjJJ\

Throw, assail with w-5 JJ doctrine of free-will {jj3).
calumnies, slander.
Power. Sjj3
Be or become \j3^ \j3 jS
Powerful; 'ala, able to jjij3
cold : IV bi, make cool, re-
(accomplish anything).
fresh : X be settled, subsist,

abide. Size, quantity, proportion, j I jJLo

Coolness, that which cools Zj3 Hold back, curb, cj3

or refreshes (the eye). restrain.

Read, read aloud. Be old 01' ancient. jij3

\j3

Reading, recitation. sj^ Come, come to ; *ala, jijA

come to : II bring forward,
The Kor&n. ^jT^i put in front, award precedence
#0 J J J
Be near II bring bji ^ji
: to, appoint : V go before, pre-
near, make easy (to under- cede, march at the head of,

stand) : VI be or become near advance; ace. and 'ila, be

to one another. before (anyone) in (doing any-
thing).

A good work or act of charity

(by which one seeks Divine Past time, antiquity. ^J^
favour).
Straight forward.
Relationship.
L5^^ Having no beginning in ^^jJ
Near. v*0^ time, eternal.
 GLOSSARY

Spice, perfume. d^ III compete with u^^

(anyone).
I
In, into, among, on, ^ IV recover from a
swoon.
C^
with, concerning, notwith-
, 6 ^
standing, for the sake of.
Above, over.
Return. Ai
Poverty.
IV double ace. J
bestow jui
Milk that JiJi'i?
(anything) on (anyone).
collects in the udder between
Elephant. J^ two milkings.

approach ; with following Pitch, tar. jlS

imp/., begin to. Astronomical table. ^^^
Before. J^ ,j>^3 J>a5 Make abominable :

X think bad, abominate.

Tribe, family. J«5Us ?j- aJLj5
Evil, foulness. -^53

Roman balance. jjLS Bad, foul, abominable.

c^
j^ —j^
IV be or become poor. jJ3 Grave, tomb.

Kill, slay; passive^ ^U5 jiS- Cemetery. jj\su> -^ 6

*an, be killed in defence of
Take, seize; 'ala, lay ^jau3
(anyone) : III fight with.
'*" " hands on, take hold of; 'an,
Slain, a slain i^^ 7*- s}^ take away from, remove from.
man.
AiJtJS — ix3
Slayer. aJUS
^ JjIS A piece of Egyptian linen.

Particle preceding the j3 Receive, accept, *^^ J^

perfect and denoting priority admit of: II kiss: IV ad-
in time ; with following impf, vance, set out (in a certain
sometimes. direction) ; *ala, go towards.
 GLOSSARY iAr

Notch, blunt. J.5 li, perceive, ^>lai —3 jjiii

A garment O^Jii — cJli understand.
so small that the two edges Intelligence.
do not meet when it is wrapped
Do, act. jii
round the body.
How how jii U
Have a wide ^ H^
space between one's teeth.
is he?
does he do ?,

Act, action, deed. JUil ». Jjti

IV attain happiness, «Jii
prosper. Action, conduct. JUi
Philosophy, natural rtA..,.li IV fill with delight. ^^
science. II put out the eye of Ui
J'^M
J.
,iJUb — .iUi (anyone).

Celestial sphere, heaven. Inf. o/tii II.

Such and Sj^ ^ O*^ Lose. IjLAJ jLAi

such a one, so and

—
so.
VIII open. jAi
Mouth. *v 2 >^ Poverty.
^

Perish, pass away : ^-ii

IV make to vanish, bring to

Mouth of a subterranean j^
conduit.
an end.
Poor ; a dervish itjii •». jm
'an, understand (a j^ or religious mendicant.
person who speaks to one)
IV make to understand. Knowledge, xai — <XAi

knowledge of the law, juris-

Understanding, intelli- J^ prudence.
gence.
Name of a book. dAJUi <ia5
VI be different from O^
one another. Lawyer, jurist. il^ii •». <iJii

A mouse.
bi, obtain, get.
Sjli—j^ f i, reflect

sider
upon, con-
II
^
savtie ineaniii^.
i^ :
|A| GLOSSARY

Correct and elegant in ^^t^ V branch off*, be

e>
speech. derived.

Branch, what is cjji -^ cji

Correctness and ele- i^Loi
derivative or secondary.
gance in speech. ^ J ^
Pharaoh. Ai^lji ^ O^j^
Mative of m„^f^. 9-viait
Idle. lU
Place of J..o„fto
X
— J-ai
min, be afraid of.
^^J»
juncture or articulation, joint.
YIII be exposed, be ^mJ^i Separate, divide, Oy
put to shame. make a division: II make a
division, divide into portions,
Be super- J-ai —j JJai
distribute : III take leave of,
fluous; 'an, be superfluous
depart from : VIII become
for, be more than is required
separated, part.
for: II regard as superior or Ox
Separation, difference. ^^ji
pre-eminent, make superior
(to others) : V do a kindness, Sect. Jji •*. djj3

oblige (anyone by doing any-

Party. c^j^
thing).
^ Place where the hair is J/i*
Merit, excellence, eru- Jmos
parted, crown of the head.
dition, superiority, excess,

superfluity.
Seller of furs. *lji —^j3
YIII invent (a false- ^^ji
Excellence. AJL^cii
hood).
Excellent. J^U Annul, dissolve. ^--«i
J i J , o£
ElativeofJ^Ki. J.-0UI -*. J-ait Become evil, de-

teriorate, become spoilt : IV

II give breakfast to ^Jai
make bad, do badly, spoil,
(anyone) : TV break one's
corrupt.
fast, breakfast.
Speak correctly and •-vMoi
Weaning. ^Iks —jj^ elegantly.
 GLOSSARY |A

XT- •* ' *'

Boast; *ala, \ja^ jj^ Victory, conquest, ^y^ ?^ »J3
boast against, glory over ; bi,

III con-
An opening. Aa»J3
boast of, glory in :

tend for glory with (anyone), Key.

J
vaunt one's self against (any-
Elicit, discover. JUi
one).

Glory, pride. jaLS Bold, intrepid, ^li — *i]Ui

Splendid. .13
Discord, civil v>^
Ransom. war, rebellion, mutiny, perse-
cution.
Flee.

A young bird, --ji — ^jS

IV explain a question ^
of law, give legal advice.
VII be alone, be ^jj g^
Young oW^3 *i^ /?•
\^J^
solitary; bi, be or become
man, youth, warrior, cham-
alone in or with (anything),
pion.
have (anything) as an ex-
clusive possession
unique distinction.
or as a Young.
^
III overtake suddenly, U^-
Horse, mare, ^ji ^jS
come suddenly upon.
Horse- j^j'^ij 0^/* /?• u^J^
Suddenly, unexpectedly. S^U
man, knight, cavalier, cham-
pion. Dawn, day-
Persia. break.

Plural, lies. .U«

Persian.

A Persian sword.
Stallion, stallion camel, a poet
*ala, make obligatory u^j3
of the first rank.
upon, lay as a charge upon.
IV exceed due measure, IV reduce to silence.
Jsji

exaggerate. Unable to make poetry.

 lv-1 GLOSSARY

V change in ap- J^ YIII avail one's self ^^

pearance, assume different of (an opportunity) :X re-

forms. gard as spoil, seize for one's

Ghoul. 0%^ ^ J>^

self.

Err, go astray.
Collective, sheep or goats. ^^
{S^
bi, be content ^-ii j.;^
Goal, distance. 4jU
with: II sing, sing to (any-
Be absent.
one); bi, sing (verses).
Send down rain Wealth, riches. ^Ji.
upon; passive, be rained upon.
Sufficiency, power to de- tXii.
II change for the j^ fend one's self.
worse, cause to deteriorate
V be changed for the worse Singing. cU^

of a countenance, become dis-

Rich. Il^t

Song. ,ut. \^}^^

U'*'3
With following genitive, j^ ^
other than, except. Singer.

With- j^ ,j^3 j^ ,j^3 jM IV make a raid. jy^

out. commit a kind of plagiarism

Jealousy. S^ called oj\£.\; 'ala, make an

Anger, irritate, offend i»U :
attack on (anyone).

VIII become angry. Low land. j^

%.
Goodomen. JU^ Jli — JU Then, and, so, for ; with ^
subjunctive, so that, in order
Open, open a way
for (anyone):
r*
X open, seek
that, lest.

to open. Heart. ^I^i-^li

m2
 GLOSSARY I VA

Heedlessness, forgetful- SJli, VIII plant (a tree). ,^ji^

ness.
Shoot (of a tree) planted ^^^
Overcome, vanquish ; ».,-Jl^ in the ground, set.

'ala, overcome, surpass, pre-

Butt, mark, u^js. — u^jS'
vail over, become predominant
target.
over; of a name, 'ala, be
generally applied to (anyone);
acG. of person and 'ala, de- Debtor.
^ »
prive (anyone) of (anything)
Debt.
by force, take by force from.
Preponderating, most, k^\±>
IV ace. and bi, incite ^ji. —
(anyone) against (anyone).
most part, generality.

Gazelle. J 'j^ — Jj^ —

Lock. Make a raid \^js. \js. —
against.

Boy, youth, slave. Passive, *ala, faint,

swoon.

Distance of a bow-shot. IV bi, choke (any- ^jA'AC-

one) with (anything).

Make
grieve
sorrowful,
VIII be
^
or become
:

sorrowful. Branch, bough, twig.

Grief. ^ B6 angry: IV
anger, enrage.
Overwhelm (with j^
benefits). Big, stout.

Plunge, mix (any- «,^*^ Forgive; li, forgive jAc.

thing in anything). (a person) : X ask pardon of

IV passive, ^sAa, ir^ (God).

Bwoon. IV neglect. JJii.

I
vv GLOSSARY

Family, household. JLe Wild ass. jV^l

^j^
II distinguish, jJ-jP A
specify : III see with one's camel of a reddish-white
own eyes. colour.

Eye, evil O^b O^t^ PT' O-t^ Jesus. 15**^

eye, source (of water), spring.
Become alive, live. jjiU
The beams or disc j^;<*»^^t ^^j^
of the sun. Life.

Plural of ^^j^, eminent vI^L^I Poverty, AjLft — J-i^

persons, leading men. want.

A morning cloud. 3)3^ ->- Aj^U Dust. jLc j^-

Deceive. j.^
Ace. ofperson ^us. —3 Ja^-
and bi, regard (anyone) with
An inexperienced youth, jjji.
a wish to be in the like con-
An inexperienced ^\j£. ^ '^j-ij^ dition, deem (anyone) happy
ffirl. on account of.

Bright, white ;
jt- -»- i\ji. jt> jxt Act treacherously : j j^
plural^ bright clouds. III leave behind, leave.
V be remote or Vj*^ Go in the morning ; I j^
absent (from society). bi and 'ila, bring (anything
Strange, extraordinary, ^mf^jS- or anyone) to (anyone) in the
unfamiliar, far from one's morning : V take the morning
native country, stranger, meal, breakfast.
foreigner.
Morrow, to-morrow. jkiJIj j^
Place of setting.
Early morning. Slj^i
^ 04' J
Admirable. This morning. Stj^l

T. A. III.
 GLOSSARY |v1

III ace. of person sjo^ Difficulty, trouble, fatigue. ^U^

and bi and bi, give (any-
bi, being occupied with, ijU^
thing) to (anyone) in exchange
devotion to (anything).
for (anything).
Meaning,
Year. jAc^j^ye-
idea. ^J^Jt«
^ ^^-'^

III help : IV same ^ys. Make a covenant, j>^

meaning : X ask help ; bi,
promise.
seek help of; 'ala, seek help *

against.
What is familiar or well jl^
known, ordinary fashion ; bi,
Help; proper name ^Jys-
meeting with, acquaintance
masculine.
with, knowledge of.

A mare that has foaled O^^

Be crooked oi' l*.^ 9.^
more than once ; of war,
repeated, renewed. uneven.

One who assists well or 0'>** Return, visit (a sick ^U

often, a good helper. person) : IV repeat.

Bane, taint, aaI^ — d^ Piece of wood, twig, lute, ^y^

disease.

Be unable to ex- Lc
Aloes- wood. ^^1
press one s meaning. Custom, habit. j^S^ -^ l^Ks,

A disease difficult to cure. »U^ bi, take refuge with : iU

Find fault with; *ala ^U II protect (anyone) by means
of person and ace., blame of a charm or amulet.
(anyone) for (anything).
X ask the loan of, j^
Cause w^lxA 9- 4jIju«j w^lx« borrow, use the rhetorical
e

of reproach, disgrace. figure called Sjlxiwl (meta-

phor).
Of a riderless liorse, jU
» » ^ »t
stray at random. j^l
Blind of one eye; j^ •»-

Disgrace, shame. «U fig., obscure.

I
vo GLOSSARY

X use, make use of, put into Comprehend, include ; ^^

practice for one's self, practise. ace. and bi, do (anything) in

Action, work, common to (anyone), do (any-

JU^t ^ J.^
thing) to the whole of (a
province, territory under a
governor.
community).

Uncle on the father's side. ^^

Agent, adminis- JU* ^ J*-*^
trator, governor, collector Turban. ^ui ^ 4^U^
(of taxes).
..
Common people, the ^u
whole (of anything).
Amalek.
betake one's self

^
'ila,

II blind.
to, repair to: VIII sup-

^
bi,

Inf. of II. port one's self by, lean upon

^ ace. and li, have recourse to
From, away from, on ^^ (anyone) for (anything).
the authority of, concerning.

At, beside, with, in j^^

xO Pillar, column. >y^
J

the presence of, at the time That on which one relies, oj^^
in the opinion stay, support.
of, of.

From. Name of a book. Sjc^t

i i Keep in good Sjl^ j.^
Origin, original
repair.
stock.
" 3

Life. j^o^3 j.^

Neck. ^^
Inscription
J By the life of... {a form j^
of oath).
(on the back or outside of a
book), address (of a letter). Dark. ^U^ w>-^

Mean ; concern, ^J^ A man ^1

whose eyes water, blear-eyed.

belong to (anyone's business);
cause to grieve, distress; Make, construct; J.^
passive, bi, be occupied with. 'ala, resolve upon (anything):
 GLOSSARY

Elative of j^Kc. see

^^^.
III strive to obtain
^U — ,jJU
-kJL^
Openness, i* j
(anything).
publicity.

Openly, publicly. iJ'^ILxJI ^-i

One who o"^-
sells fodder.

Be high, come over, *^ Be enamoured of JJJLft

overspread ; bi, exalt : II
(anyone) : II hang, suspend ;
raise high, exalt : IV same
min, learn from (anyone).
meaning : VI exalt one's self,
A thong on which any- 45^)Lp
be exalted.
thing is suspended.
Over, upon, incumbent ^Jlft
A Mu^allaqah, one of ^ULLe
upon, on the ground or con-
the seven (so called) '
Sus-
dition of, in the state of, not-
pended Poems.'
withstanding, concerning, for,
at, by, towards, to, against,
Know; bi, have ^^
in accordance with, on account
knowledge of, be acquainted
with II teach double ace,
of, by means of.
: ;

teach (anything) to (anyone)

On what ground ? on ji%£-
IV ace. and bi, acquaint (any-
what account ? one) with (anything): V learn.
Eminence, nobility. ^Jl^
7 Ml X^O^
Knowledge, science. ^^
The descendants of a<j^^\
In grammar, a proper ^#J^
'all b. Abi Talib.
name.
High, lofty.
Sign, badge, mark of 4^'^U
Higher, highest \ JUt *- ^^^l distinction.

higher part or region. Scholar, doctor ; iL^ •»- ^\c

Eminence, an Jbuo •>- 5^)L*-o bi, having knowledge of.

action or enterprise by which Oblique case, created O^^

eminence is acquired. beings.
I vr GLOSSARY

fix (one's eyes) on (anything) Gift, bounty; proper »lLft

III make a covenant or al- name masculine.

liance with (anyone) : VIII
Gift. blL^ -w 4 7kg
believe firmly, make up one's

mind, determine. Become great ; 'an, ^o^

become too great for : II
Contract, covenant. jJls-
magnify, honour, venerate.
Hamstring, hock, jJU
Bone. ^,0^
slaughter (a camel).

Of a dog^ wounding, biting, j^ap Great, mighty, venerable. ^^Kg

Hocked, hamstrung; a 5j-ji^ Elative of j^^^as-. jti^^
man of high rank who is slain.
Main or principal part ^h^o
Understand, be in- Ji* (of anything).
telligent; bind (a camel) by
fastening its fore-shank to its
Chaste, decorous, free from in-
arm : VIII bind (a camel) by
decency, virtuous.
fastening its fore-shank to its

arm ; of a rider put (a spear)

^
Elative of ^^jl^as^. \J^\
between one's shank and one's
III q/" God^ render ^ks.
stirrup.
secure from harm, grant im-
Understanding, J^ift ^ ^Jap munity to X min, ask to be
:

intelligence.
excused from (undertaking
Intellectual. anything difficult), ask per-
mission to retire from (an
Intelligent,
^ office).
reasonable.
^jLap ^ w^lifr- sA£
Elative q/' JiU. JJUt
Eagle.
.z
Cause, excuse, iic — JJLc Tie, knot, conclude j^
pretext, sickness, malady.
(a treaty), make a compact,
Sick, ill. JJL^ convene (an assembly); bi,
 GLOSSARY ivr
(•It ^
Assembly, ^Ix* -^ Powerful, mighty, 5^1 -». jjjjt

community, family. honoured, esteemed.

Love. (Jm^ Elative of jjjs..

Remove from office, Jjs,

Evening. depose : V separate one's self
from, quit, retire : VIII same
Twist, coil, wind
ineaning.
V li, be attached to, be a
3 0^
.

zealous partisan of. Rationalism. vJ!j-^*^'

Party spirit, patriotism. fL.>..gi^ Name of a sect, the iJjJjtoJI

H ^ ,
Rationalists.
Squeeze, press. Sy^as- j^cs-

Resolution, Jij.C'—JijJS'
Time, age, epoch ; after- ^-^ip
decision.
noon, afternoon prayer.
II console ace.
Staff. •r'A^ ^ \^oA — ^^oA and *ala,
;

console (anyone) for

iJJ^

or for the loss of.

Disobey. ,
,-a^
J Patience (in bereavement). p\j^
Limb.
Inf. of L^js- II, con- ^J*J
Perfume.
solation.

The planet 3;Ua^ — ^jJafr Difficult. Jtr

Mercury.
It is possible, it may ^*-«t
X seek the regard
be.
of, conciliate.
Ten. AjJis- ji J.LS. ^^
Side, flank. ^ JO
Twenty.
II divest, deprive. jJJaft

Unoccupied, desolate. JJLjuo

A she camel ^l^ljJL^ w^ ilj-lft

that is ten months pregnant.

IV give; double dec. ^
^lic
give (anything) to (anyone). Kinsfolk. «>JLft
|v( GLOSSARY

to, attack, expose one's self I

Excuse, apology, ex-
to: VITI inspect, examine. culpation.
i

Honour, j^i^t ^^ u^j-^ Excuse, apology. j-|J*^

reputation. J ^ ^ ,
Excuse, apology. j^U^ ^ SjJol*
Prosody.
Blame, censure. JJ>^
Prosodists.
Mange (a disease jS- —jj^
Know, recognise, \^^ of camels).
acknowledge ;
passive, bi, be IV inflect or decline w^
known by the surname of.... (a word) by means of the
Knowledge. ^j*-« final vowels.

The Arabs. ^yJ'

In a 7nystical sense, 4ijA^t
Diminutive of w>;j«JI. w^jjjdt
the knowledge of God, gnosis.
J d ..

Well known benefit, Ojjjc^

Of pure Arabian breed, iri^
;

obligation, kindness.
Arabian, Arabic.

The Arabic language.

Root. ^js. — Jj^ 4-ojjUI
w
'
ol
Arab of the desert. ^}j^^
Sweat. ^jS-
Bedouin.
Name of a province (the ^31^^'
II turn aside.
ancient Babylonia). Z^
JO Lame.
V^j^ — ^^^j^
J
Hock- Z^'
Wife.
tendon (of a camel).
* £ J J J
VIII come upon, ^jje- Wedding, ^^j^\ ^ u^J^3 a->^
befall. wedding-feast.

XII jjfj^j^t , ride (a ^^s. li, occur to, present ^jS-

horse) without a saddle. itself to: II speak equivocally,

Be mighty. }£•
hint; bi or li, make anallusion
to: III compete with, rival,
Power, honour, glory. jjc-
imitate : V li, show one's self
 GLOSSARY |v

Number, quantity. dj^ Elative of ^*;.a».p w^a* eA

State of preparation or Bj^ Be incapable, weak, Ja>^

equipment. powerless : IV disable, in-

Be equal be a capacitate, render (anyone)

to, Jj^
match for : II determine the incapable of imitating ; of

position of (a star). the Kordn, be inimitable.

o
Justice. Jjlp Old woman. P}^ ^J^
Non- ^«jaL« jbj^
Hasten, make haste; ^J»^
existent.
hi, bring quickly II ace. and :

Run ;
pass away from, Ij^^
li, give (anything) promptly
pass out of; 'ala, run at, rush
to (anyone) ; double dec, give
upon : V pass beyond the
(anything) to (anyone) in ad-
bounds (of what is right),
vance or before payment is
transgress.
due : V receive in advance.
Transition (of disease j^^J*^ Present, transient. ^J*-^
from one thing to another),
infection. Collective. jb^^
barbarians, foreigners, non-
S1j^5 {^j^3 ^\j^\
^ JJ^
Arabs.
Enemy.
Enmity, hostility. Sjtj^ A foreigner, one who
^
Attacking, seizing aj^U ^ >U is not an Arab.
by force.

Sweet w> jk^ — wJ Jk^

Bar- joaJ<C'\^ ^l.o«^^ ^ ./i^^^
barian, foreigner.
(water).

Punishment. w>tj»^
Reckon, account J^
IV make ready, prepare,
Excuse: VIII excuse jJkC-
make preparations : VIII be
one's self; 'ila, excuse one's
numbered or reckoned.
self to (anyone); min, excuse
one's self for (anything). Number, large number. ^j^
n^ GLOSSAEY

Suspected. Ot*^ Conquer, gain the jjlIs

victory : IV ace. mid bi, cause

Appear, become \j^^ j^ (anyone) to gain (an object
manifest IV make manifest,
:

of desire).
show, bring forward, exhibit,
proclaim: X *ala, gain an Pass the day, con- JJi
tinue, become.
advantage over.
Shadow.
j^lj j^'i
^ j^
Back. ^Jj^

J i ^ *
Do wrong, injure, j^^
In the midst of us. ^hv-^t O^ treat unjustly.
Midday, noon. y^ Wrong, injury. ^Ux« •>. rt,q.Ua.<

Exterior, material part ;

jJbU?
Think, suppose ; Ul? JjJj
evident, manifest, obvious.
ace. and bi of person^ think
Elative ofyb\^ j^\ (anything) of (anyone).

IV emancipate (a ^Jlt Worship.

slave).
Slave, J^^i -^W^ ^ ^'^
A noble horse. JU^ »-
servant, worshipper.

Generosity. iSU^ Worship, devotion.

Belonging to ^S^ — *^^ Devotee. ^L^ *. juIp

the tribe ot 'atik.
II explain, give an j^
Wonder, be ».y«ai,g
explanation or interpretation.
astonished: IV astonish, till
Expression, explanation. SjUp
with admiration, please : V
III reprove, re- v*^
be astonished.
proach : X ask a favour of.
Wonder, admiration. v*a»^ ^0 , i
Used as an inf^ asking ^*2sC^hh^
Wonderful, marvellous. wA.>a»fr
favour (of God).
 GLOSSARY Ma
Fold, roll up ; *an, ^>1» IV obey: V bi, do c^
cause (anything) to disappear (anything) without being

from (anyone), withdraw (any- obliged to, volunteer : X be

thing) from (anyone). able to (do or obtain any-

Be good, pleasant, w>lb thing).

*
delicious be pleased, be
;

Obedient, submissive, c^
willing: IV make good.
willing.
Perfume.
Obedience, submission. 4^1L
Good.
bi or haula, go round, «^IL
Elative of^ circumambulate : IV bi, walk
Fly (of a bird): V jlL or go round.
draw an evil augury. Party, community, some. Ajo\^
His name flew, he x^^\ jlb
attained high renown.
IV be able to do or J^
bear (anything).
Collective y birds. ^^
Bird. ^0, Be long, last long : Jib
II be tedious: III double ax^c.^
Augury. 5jll»
do (anything) with (anyone)
A kind of light OljCi ^ jQo for a long time : IV prolong,

boat. continue : V confer a favour.

Of an arrow y miss Jit\^

the mark.
Length, tallness. J^
Substance. rituL Long, tall. Jl^ •- Jj^

Elegant, graceful, ob^

Gazelle, beautiful youth.
ingenious, witty.
X find or deem (any- ^jia
Elative of sjujio one) to be ob^ {see below).
Mv GLOSSARY

Susceptible to emotion. w>3!>^

Relics of an encampment. Throw; ace. and 'ala, 9-^
teach (a song) to (anyone).

VIII *ala, look upon «JLb VIII drive away. ^j^

(anything) from above. Banished, outcast. J^j^
Ardent in desire, lustful ^UJLb
(used only in the feminine).
Side. OjJ© — ^jl9
Newly acquired, recent. Oj-b
Star. »)U9
, J
A silk garment of square ^jJ^
Place of rising. «JUk«
cut with coloured borders.
IV set free, give ^JX^
IV cast down one's Jij^
liberally ; ace. and li, give
eyes, become silent.
(money) to (anyone).
Way, OUji^ Jji *- Jj^
Loosed, unbound.
road, path, course, practice
ut lO J ^
Eloquent. or rule of a religious order.

Open-handed,
, ^OtO 3 6,
A sudden ci)'>^ ?f ^j^^
visitation or assault.
liberal.

Eat, partake of food : ^.^xJd

Divorce. O*^^
IV give food to, entertain (at
Elati ve of jiL Jib 1
a meal) ; double ace, give (any-
one anything) to eat.

Neck. ^^>^ Food, repast.

Hi J
Fill up, choke. ^^ Thrust, give UxJ^ ^>Jtb —^
IV oULl , bi, settle ^j\^ (anyone) a thrust ; 'ala, attack

down in (a place). (anyone's reputation), cen-

sure : III exchange thrusts
Quiet, peaceful. |ji*oh^
(in fighting) with (anyone).

Efface, obliterate, i,^-^

 GLOSSARY m
Be or make one's jj-o-© The part (of a w»;Uuo » w|;-eu«

self responsible for (any tiling). sword) with which one strikes,
edge.
Guaranteed. ^j^.o.^
II dye red. ?rj^
bi, cling to (any- iio v>o
thing that is highly esteemed),
Be weak; 'an, be obco
have a great affection for.
too weak for, be incapable of :

II make weak, weaken, regard

Radiance cLk^ — S^^n
as weak : III double,
Hurt, injure. j\^

IV 'ila, annex to, oL-« violent hatred.

put in juxtaposition to.

Guest; also ^yt-^ ^ wAj^o plaited lock of hair.

U8ed collectively, guests.

Plrr lose one's wav \.^

Annexation. A3 lot
Cause of aberration, any- 4JLiu«
In relation to, in ^Jt idUb'^^lj
thing that misleads.
comparison with.

Be ^*ts-^^ ^Aj^^ J^-^ press, clasp : VII be contract-

narrow. ed; 'ala, enclose, conceal.

Treat unjustly, U-^^ ^'-o IV train (a horse for j«o-«o

injure. racing).

Soft hair. ji — ^^ Physician, w^:^.^^

Be moved, be ^j^ Nature. 5tJ» — aJ»

thrilled with delight IV
Naturally gifted.
till with emotion, thrill with
delight. IV shut, close.

Emotion, agitation, joy. w>t Dish.

no GLOSSARY

Keep, preserve. \j^^ ^U Wool. «^^-o

Cry, cry out, \^L^ --to $uf i, Muhammadan i^y^

shout, crow. mystic.

Chase, hunt, capture 3I0 Collective, Sufis. ^t*3-«

(a wild animal).
§ufiism. 03-tfuJI
Prey, quarry.
Collective, the a^^^aL^S
Become, come to be ;
jlo aspirants to ^ufiism.
li or 'ila, come to, come into
bi, spring upon, Jlo
the possession of : II cause to
attack.
become, make (anything) to
^

be. Fury, impetuosity. ^•^

A warlike aaSUo — sJ^^ Abstain from L«^^ ^'-^
expedition made in summer. food, fast.

Hurt, injure. VI shrink, become Jlo

contracted (through fear),
Need, necessity. *J^J-«
cower.
Strike, beat, ^jiiO w>J-*^

mould, coin (a proverb): III Manage, manage well, ^..c>

exchange blows with (any- control.

one). House- AiUo^ 4»Uo — ^>*-^

He drew lots w-ljLiJU w^^ hold, dependents, retainers.

with the arrows.

Be distressed, com- jjfc.c>

Kind, sort. V^j-* fr- Vj-*» plain.

A blow. ^j^ Laugh, grin : IV s^la>^

/v. 0/w>oIII. Vlh-^ make to laugh,excite laughter.
' I

•* "
Striking hard or often, v^j-^ '
IV enter upon the
smiting. 1
morning.
 GLOSSARY MP
Be silent. Plate (of ^li^ 9.

Cell of a 4JL«3^ gold), tombstone, sword.

monk. Whistle : II same jiua

Cold. meaning : IX become yellow.
Do, make, prepare : «-;-o — A kind of serpent. jjto

VIII benefit, treat kindly. Name of a village ^t''-^

Art, manufacture. on the Euphrates.
Handicraft, trade, art, 4^Uo Be pure, be *Uo \jua
manufacture. sincere: VIII choose.
Workman, craftsman.
ei
3U Pure. wit*^

II compose (a book).
Polish. Ji-©
Sort, kind. ^^i^ ^ II crucify. wJl-<9
Si ^ J O i
A literary CjMu^aa 9- Back-bone, loins. wJLo
work or composition.
Be good, be suitable ^JL^ ^^— :

Wine. ^Wv^ — ^r-V^ IV make prosperous, put to

IV hit, smite, attack, w^^^o rights, correct, amend, im-
overtake, attain, obtain. prove.
What is right, what is w*'^*^
Welfare, prosperity. ^-'^Lo
correct or true ; a right action.

Calamity, misfortune.
Good, pious.
e
Elative of ^\^.
Voice, Ol^^ct
^ya^
sound, air,
^
song.
V to be formed, to j^^ II pray ; bi, lead in ^^
appear (in a certain shape). prayer; 'ala, bless.

Form, shape. jyo 9* *)>«« Prayer, Ol^JLo 9- l^Lo^ V%a

V clothe one's self s^^^ blessing.
in a woollen garment, seek to
become a §uf i.
VIII endure the
heat of (a fire).
^
 \^r GLOSSARY

*an, turn away lij-o s^j^ III encounter ^^ Jco

from, cause to refrain from :

Side of a
V bi, bring (a change) to
mountain, oyster-shell.
pass ; f i, be versed in, occupy
one's self with : VII turn Tell the truth : II J Juo —
away, depart. bi, believe in ; V bi o/* thing
^
Change, vicissitude.
and 'ala of person, bestow
\^j^
(anything) as alms upon (any-
Cut, sever : V be cut jb^j.^
one).
off, depart, pass away.
A sharp sword. J^y^ Truth, sincerity.

The re-
lSt^ — ^J^ A gift to the Olijio AdjLO

mainder of milk in the udders poor, alms.

of a she-camel. Veracious, sincere, stead- jji'

Be fast.
difficult or steep, w^*^
i

Ascend, go up into : juu« Friend.

IV lead (anyone) up into.

VI strike against ^juo
Highland, upland. one another, collide.

Upper Egypt. j^^ A bird t^*Xo ^J^

that was believed by the
Small. j-j*-^ —jiuo pagan Arabs to come forth

Elative of j^Suo. jSuaS

from the skull of a dead man,
wraith (also used collectively).
Rank, ^yuo 9. ^Ji^ — ^Jii^ o., • ,

T ^pi x.i Shriek, screech. ?->o

row, line, line of battle. C
^^^^^^^
Porch, veranda. il^ e^^--^^-
V look carefully ^Jua down, prostrate.
into (anything), examine pj^^^ where ^jl^ ^ cjJxi
^

attentively.
slaughtered m'en lie on the
Side. Aa,-Ao I ground, battle-field.

l2
 GLOSSARY \^r

building), establish (anyone's Exerting one's self iu *Jli

fame). combat, a resolute fighter.
II escort, accompany, lu^ Old man, elder, chief. ^^
Disfigure, disgrace. ^j\J^
IV raise high (a

u^
sociate, author (of a book or Sabian. t^^i—
poem), lord, master. IV enter upon the
J r^
Book,
^
Ota».>gt«
^
— \Ji^ ^ time of morning, become

volume. Be or become t«.M0 h>-o -

3 ^ ^6^
patient; 'ala, bear patiently,
The Koran.
endure.
t X
Hall, court. j>a«~o -

Become sober, re- la».o -

c e^i-f-^
Finger.
cover from intoxication.

Collective^ j.si».o j.tL.^- Boy, page.

rocks.
Correctness, 4a»o — nm-^ *o —
A rock. c
truth, soundness, integrity
J
The sacred Rock at True, correct, genuine,
Jerusalem.
sound.
fit St ^ y* i
Turn i^jjL-tf^ Ijuo jLo Elative of
away, drive away ;
'
an, turn

away from, forsake, neglect.

Accompany, asso- w-oi

ciate with.
Return. j jlo
Companionship.
Breast, portion, first part, jjlo
beginning.

Having a disease of the j^juo.* Com- ^^^•A^.o^ 4^Uk.i0^

chest. panion, friend, adherent, as-

Ml GLOSSARY

VIII desire ve 3yW Acc. and 'ila, complain IXw

hemently. to (anyone) of (anything):

Strong liking,
V complain, lament : VIII
complain of or suffer from
eager desire, lust, passion.
(an illness).
Mix, mingle.
Rejoice at Sjl "

IV make a sign,
another's misfortune.
signify, use the rhetorical
Sun.
figure called SjU.1 (a species

of metonymy) ; 'ila of person Grey-haired. t-

and hi, make a sign to (any- VIII wrap or cover J>^

one) with (anything), indicate one's self (as with a garment).
one's meaning to (anyone) by A garment in which a aX^
pointing to (anything). man wraps himself.
Gesture. 5jU»! II 'ala, speak evil of, 9jJ^
VIII 'ila, long for, Ji^^ abuse : X regard as unseemly.
feel a desire for.
Testify ; be present j^^
Collective, thorns, ^j at; li, bear witness in favour
prickles. of.

Wish, will. Example (of a word or jUhUr

phrase) giving evidence as to
Thing, some- ^^ts*^'
its correct usage.
thing, anything.
Make known ; acc. j^
Wh i teness w*ts^ — y-^ of person and bi, make (any-
of the hair.
one) known or notorious for
Belonging to the tribe ^^^^ (anything) : VIII become
of Shaiban. well known.
J J J :

Whiteness of the hair. w« ;>.«>< Month 7r ^-'

Ill exert one's self 9m it ati More or most celebrated. >^ti\

in combat. Well known, j^\^ 9- j>^-^

Cautious, wary. celebrated.

T. A. III.
 GLOSSARY n
VI bi, be occupied ^Jjti» Chess.
?r^j^
with; *an, be diverted from: <• -> X X

VIII bi, be occupied with.

Be or O^^ — o-^
behave like a devil.
The a^UJI— aAi Devil, satan.
followers of al Shati'i.
Scattered, P^^
Cure, satisfy (a 15*^ dispersed.
desire).
Beams (of the sun).
Medicine, remedy. sparkling brightness (of wine).

Split, rend, cleave: Uir J^

VII be split; ofdawn^ break, Water-course, ravine.
Jot J i ^
appear VIII derive (one
: Name of a party who 3uj^suLi\
word from another). contended that the Arabs
were not superior to the non-
Side, region.
Arabs.
Piece of cloth.
" 2*
Collective^ hair, jjdt —jjdt
Misery. pILw— ^Juj Poetry, poem. j\xti\ -». jxtt

Doubt. iL£ — .iJLC^

Poet. iSjjJ:*
^ j^\t»

Thank, be grateful. jX^ More or most poetical, jjlwI

a better poet, the best poet.

Thanks, thanksgiving, jSJit
A follower of Sjf l^t 9* ^^xwt
gratitude.
Abu '1 Hasan al 'Ash'ari.
More or most grateful. jjCwl
'ala, stir up mischief w**^
IV be doubtful, be JSJ:, against (anyone), intrigue
obscure. against (anyone).

Form, figure, what is J£i» Smite; passive, bi,

suitable to anyone, case, be deeply in love with (any-

situation. one).
ui GLOSSARY

Lower sJy^jJii — (JL»^ Ill regard with

end of the rib or cartilage enmity, bear a grudge against.
attached to the rib.
Of an eye, become
fixed, gaze intently : IV make
CoDdition. (anyone) go (from one place
Ill approach : IV \^j^ to another), send.
ascend, climb; be on the point i ^
Person, j.>5lsJ.,Jj| -».
of death; 'ala, look upon
figure, apparition.
(anything) from above, get a
view of (anything). Tie, bind fast. »

Eminence, nobility. \^j.tt

Be hard, be grievous : j^
Lofty, exalted, \^\j^\ ^ sJ^j^ VIII become vehement or
eminent, noble. violent.
^ J ^ P
Elative of >^Juj^. \^j^\ Violence, vehemence, djLW

III be a partner with ^^^^ intensity.

(anyone), have a share with

Hard, grievous, IIjlwI ?»- ^J^
(anyone) : IV attribute a
violent, intense, strong, great,
partner to God, be an idolater;
brave.
ace. and bi, make (anything)
a partner with (God). Elative of ju jw
oi
Idolatry, polytheism. ^j^ Eloquent.
J ^
^JjlwI — I^JLW-
^»A-J

Collective snares
J
^l^wt ?». ^j^ Evil, mischief ; ^
(for catching birds oi- wild worse, worst.
animals).

Shared in common. iljJl^

Drink. \jj^ w>p- —
VIII buy. ^'j^
Drink. ^\ji
Sell:

Be far distant.
Ml

ixw
J
A great drinker. ^r^J^

Half, half of ^— jia^ Explanation, «-P —-J-P-

a verse, hemistich. commentary.
 GLOSSARY I OA

Go, become current jU stand firm, assume a firm or

07' generally known. erect position, settle one's
self ; of a verse, be correct (in
Way of acting, j-w ^ Sj^
respect of metre).
conduct, history, story. Except, besides, other ^^y^
Current, generally known. j5L» than.
Gift, bounty, ^,,*w — www
A company of travellers. Sjlw benefit.
J J oi 0, A she-camel left to iJU
pasture at will.
Sword.
Wander from place ^Iw
Flow, pour. Jlw to place as a devotee.

CH

Likeness; tuith follounng 4^ , A sheep or she-goat. dli»

genitive, anything which re- Syria. >»UJI—^U,

sembles, like.
Unlucky. j^JlU
Separate, WkW —w%aw
Affair, busi- ^li — ^j\^
diverse.
ness.

Revile, abuse. U^ j^ — Youth, w>W^ — v^

Winter. 5^Jw —yi early manhood.

Youth, youthfulness. i**-^

Collective, jSfJ^
trees.
Young man, w>lw 9* w)lw

youth.
A tree.
II compare, use the aw
Brave, a ^Ui~^ — ?-^-^ rhetorical figure called
brave man.
(simile); bi, compare (any-
Elaiive of thing) to : IV resemble.
I CV GLOSSARY
OS.

ir make (anyone) >y-t Tooth, age. ^j

cliief : IX become black or
Ordinance, insti
dark.
tution, tradition.
Black clothes or robes ; ^\y^
The custom of the
central or main part (of a
Prophet, the Apostolic tra-
people), collective body.
ditions, the orthodox creed.
Master, lord, chief. j^-j
Spe-ar-head. iwt •»- jjU«^
Black. i^>y^ j* >^^
At- >Uwt »
A large serpent. 33 1- 1 •»- ^y^\
testation, authority support-

Worm, cr'>*^ — \j^y^ ing a tradition.

grub. Hump of a

i^Lw •»» )o^ y^ camel.

Whip, stroke of a whip, lash. Year. Uy^iz Alw

Hour, moment, little a^L»

II make easy (the ^J^
while.
accomplishment of anything).
fi, of urine flow easily cL»
J

and pleasantly into (the

Be easy or smooth ; J^
'ala, be or become easy or
throat) ; of eloquence, delight
agreeable to (anyone).
(the ear).

Drive. ^^LJ
Arrow, ^ly^ ^jtnr' —>rv-
Market. ^^y^
Vex, grieve, displease : cU
IV do evil.
III offer (anything) j^y^
for sale, mentioning the price Badness, evil. *^
double ace, demand (a certain
Evil disposition, evil. ^y^
price) of (anyone).
Bad.
II make equal, ^>-'
equalise: III be equal to; A sort of -j-v
c*-
make level VIII stand even,
: hood or shawl.
 GLOSSARY lol

Moslem; proper name The early Moslems. «^,iJLJI

masculine. Choice wine; pure

fig.^ w-?*^
Ace. or *an, I^JL» ^)L» and unforced eloquence.
forget, be consoled for the Go along (a road); ,iJUL»
loss of.
bi of person and acc.y cause
Forgetfulness, con- ^\^X»>/ (anyone) to go (a certain way),
solation; name of a kind of make (anyone) follow (a

bead. certain course of action).

Til comply with •«—o-»' Way, path. ^L«« *. >^U.>.>^

(anyone's) desire, be in-

Be safe, be unhurt :
^^^
dulgent towards (anyone).
II save, deliver; pronounce
Place where J^ the formula of salutation;
people meet for conversation *ala, bestow peace on, grant
by night. welfare to, salute : IV become
Brown, a Moslem.
tawny. Peace, salutation. vo'^
Necklace. Sound, healthy.
Rank or row (of people). ^\^^ Safe, sound, free from ^^
harm; proper name masculine.
Hear; bi, hear UU«j 9^ Hi * J
of or about : IV make to Belonging to the tribe ^^©^
hear : VIII hear, listen, of Sulaim.
listen to.
Solomon. oW^
Sense of hearing.
Belonging to the tribe ^c«JLwt
II name. of 'Aslam.

Heaven. Ol Islam. ^"^1

Ml

Name. Belonging to the period ^r**^*^!

IV become advanced ^ of Islam (as opposed to that

in age. of Paganism).
I 60 GLOSSARY

Be silent ; 'an, U^C-> Happiness, prosperity. S^l*^

refrain from speaking to (any- IV kindle, make to yut

one). blaze.

Drunkenness. jJw —^jXw Cough. ^Jtw

Drunken, intoxicated. o!j^ Run, strive ; bi.

L5*-'
,jXw carry (anything) about with
Become quiet, dwell
one's self.
in, inhabit; 'ila, become at
rest by trusting (anyone), rely Of a woman, \j^sl^ jiut

upon (anyone) so as to have

remove the veil (from her
no fear.
unveil III journey,
face), :

Lowly, ^j.i^L,>^ ^ <J*x.»..e travel.

wretched, destitute.
Journey. jsl^
VIII draw (a sword). JJL>
A skin which serves ojjut
Drawing (a sword). aLj both as a bag for carrying
Seed. di'^L food and as a table-cloth.

VIII carry off (as ^j-JLi

spoil), appropriate.
Traveller. iU«rf
z ^y
Arms, 9^*^ — »JL>
Ship.
weapons.
Foolish, aJu/
J^%L ^ ajLJL— J-JL,
Chain. ignorant.

II *ala, make (any- ,kJL> Fall : IV make to

one) prevail over, give (any- fall, depose, omit.
one) dominion over.
Contemptible, worthless. JaiU
Authority, ruling jj
power, government.
Illness, ^»i--^^ -^^^A^

sickness.
Preceding oUL> — s»aJLm>

generations. Give drink to.

 GLOSSARY UP
Stop up, close up. jLw Way, right J-*-; — J'--'

^ way, means of access.

Ml Hi

Six. SlLj ji C^^w Ju^

Make prisoner of war, jet->
IV obtain, acquire; i^ju^ -

carry off as a captive.

'ila, confer (a favour) on.
see yj0ij^.
Gladden, please. j^ -
Secret, secrecy.
Cover, protect : VIII yLj
<*3
conceal one's self.

Gladness, joy.
Prostrate one's self,
J J
Joy. bow to the ground.

Joy. Mosque.

Saddle. «»j-«»
U—
Lamp. j-'j- An iron collar.

Send, despatch, l^t^ ^j^~ Imprison.

Prison.
Quick, swift, juj-rf
—^ j-*

prompt.
Gaoler.
Elative of %ij^ .

Drag (a garment) ^^-^^^

Steal. 3j^ on the ground.

Place where a garment w..a> ...o

Generous, noble, chief.

is dragged on the ground.
V eat or drink at
Trou sers. Jo^ \j^ —J JLh-'
dawn.
IV make happy, help, jot^-
Magic, enchantment.
aid.
II subdue, subject,
Proper name masculine;
humiliate.
name of a tribe.

Happy, fortunate; proper Be liberal.

name masculine. Generosity.

I or GLOSSARY

l)id against one another for Cessation, departure, JtjJ

(anything that is to be sold) decline.

VIII increase : X ask for Put away, turn aside, ^^^

more. remove.
Increase, add, 5^ Ljj ^ Ij
A leathern water-skin. S^jj-c

Adorn, decorate. give more to (anyone) ; double

grace : II same meaning. ace. or ace. of person and f £,

give more (of anything) to

Ornament, adornment. SlxjJ
(anyone) ; 'ala, exceed, go be-
More or most comely. CHJ^ yond, do more than: YI fi.

Seventy. 0,^*-j-' Particles de- S-53-JJ jj->

Long, ample. ajU — a.w noting futurity and followed

hy the imperfect,
see
^^. ^U
long coat of mail.
Remainder, j3L> j\^
Precede, outstrip, Jiw rest, all.
^ ^ > f i ^ f ^ J i ,
win a race, defeat (anyone)
in a race 'ila, be the first to
;
Ask, beg alms of ; double ace,
reach, invent ace. of person
;
ask (anything) of (anyone).
and 'ila, arrive at (anything)
Aversion, 4««L» jbK^
before (anyone), anticipate
disgust, loathing.
(anyone) in (anything): III
ace. of person and 'ila, vie
L/ause, •»_ ' ^1l' — »_ -1^ rf

with (anyone) in (anything). Index finger, forefinger. 'k>\L^

Victory in a race. (I de-

it to

xUI ^la»-
^ e J
.».>.» — gw w
clare) the glory of God, glory
Former. 4>-->>»» 4ijU^ Jh*^
to God
Foremost. jC-'' Seven, djuw ^ a.j--; — «-w
 GLOSSARY ur

Time, epoch, y^j — ,j-«j Provisions for a journey. ^Ij-

Time. O^i
A kind of wJj^j ?r ^j^J
ship.
Zone, girdle. jl3j
Glass. ,U.j-
Fornication. Uj^ ^Jj
— ^Jj
A piece or sheet of d^Kaf.j

f i, abstain from, re- jjbj

nounce, avoid, have no desire March: VI assemble. w-a».J

for.
OJ
Army. ^>^ ?r »*-**"J

Asceticism. VIII push against j^^j

Abstinence, asceticism.
one another, crowd.
6^\j6j

Inf. of^j VIII, »U^jl

Ascetic. iUj ^ J^A
crowding, cramming.

Lute. jAJj^e p^ jAJ^ — jJbJ Of the sea, full, jA.tj jj^j

rising high.
II give (anyone) in -»-.^J
Sow. ^ Cjjj
marriage (to a woman).
VIII esteem lightly, ^jj
Husband.

Wife.
Assert, deem, think, ^j
Visit : II em- '^j^j j^j Spokesman, chieftain. ^#;j^J
bellish.
Screech, scream. IdJ
Lie, falsehood. j^j

Visitor.
Ml J Alms, poor- Sl^J — ^£=>J
j\^j ^ jj\J rate.

Move, be in motion. Jlj An arrow ^^j ^y^j—j^j

I

Cease; with precedinj used for divination.

^Jlj

negative, not ceane to, con- Name of a well at J>}^j

tinue, be always : IV remove. Mecca.
Id GLOSSARY

IV wish, desire, in- ^^j Ninth ^Icucj — t-A^J

tend, mean; ace. of person month of the Moslem year
and 'ala, try to induce (any- (the month of fasting).

one) to do (anything).
Look at, watch. JU;
Gently !, wait a little. ' J^3j Sand, sandy J-«;
— J^j
Train, dis- 4-obj u^lj tract.

cipline, school.
Throw, shoot (an L^j j-«j
Please, gladden. c\j arrow) at; ace. of person and

Pleasing, beautiful. aSlj bi, pelt or assail (anyone) with

VIII throw one's self for-

Please, charm, delight. Jlj ward; bi, of a camel, speed
The Romans, the ^jjJ' (anyone) along.

Greeks of the Byzantine Hare. w^jf

empii-e.
V warble, coo.
Ox
Relate, recite, AjIjj j^^j
Fear. <UA;
hand down by tradition,
Christian monk. j^UAj ?»- w-Atj
transmit II double ace, make.
:

'*
or teach (anyone) to know by Sw^ord. 4^j^
»
— twAA)
heart or recite (poetry, etc.).
VI lay a wager ,jjk;

Of herbage, be with one another.

L^iJ
luxuriant, flourish Jig., be Stake, wager. 0^;
;

fresh or brilliant.
Spirit.
^3j — ^jj
Disquiet, make doubt-
Wind, scent, fragrance.
^^
ful or suspicious.

Cause or occasion for Palm of the hand; A».lj

4^j
pleasure, ease, oniet.
suspicion.

Feathers, plumage. A fragrarl

herb.
Prime (of

youth). Cheerfulness, gaiety.

 GLOSSARY Ic

li or *ala, take pity on. Jj Keep, guard, ajUj ^-cj

observe: III watch, observe.
Look for. s^j
Pasture, pasturage. l^j^
II J^jj, shine, J^j
II ace. and f i, make v^j
glisten.
(anyone) desire (anything).
Letter, note, a*5; — «.5j
Desire, hope. 2i^j
petition.

V rise, mount, ^Jj A 2iAi,j\

oe.

^
^

s-i-jf; — «.^j
ascend : VIII same meaning. cake of bread.
III regard as an j^j
Ride, mount (upon v^^ enemy, treat despitefully.
a horse or camel) II set one
part of a thing upon another,
:

Helping with S^lij — jjj

a gift, contribution.
compose ; 'al<a, set (words) to

(music) : VIII commit (a sin). Raise, lift, exalt, 1*5; «i;

to. remove, do away with ; ace.

Animal for riding. w^^^j^
arw/'ila, bring (anyone) before
Fix in the ground. J^j (anyone), make known or
communicate (anything) to
A genu- AX&j — £% (anyone): VIII become rais-
flexion or bowing in prayer.
ed, rise, mount.
A leathern ^>^j — >^j He traced the woj^aJI «i;
water- vessel or small bucket.
tradition back (to the Prophet,

An old piece of i«j-^^»^j by mentioning in ascending

rope. order the names of those
persons who had transmitted
Nickname of a poet 4«ojJt ^3 it).
of the Umaiyad period.
Lofty, exalted. »,j5|
Weight (of a steel- 5jUj
yard), Roman balance.
Trail (a skirt), sway Jij
AJ the body in walking, walk
Spear.
c'^-e £ c^-J with a haughty gait.
I F^ GLOSSARY

Message, messenger, Jy^j Have mercy on.

apostle.
Relationship.
Treatise, dis- J>5^; ^ iJLy
course.
The Compassionate

Firm, un- ^-wj — y»jj

(God).

moved, steadfast.
The Merciful (God).

"* ^
/•

Elative of i^-y. \ Turn aside, repel, jj

L5-y
refuse, restore, give back,
Sweat. bring back, send back, recall
. A .A
Orthodox. *ala, give back to, rebut (an
argument) by way of answer
Harun al-Rashid. ,ji\
to: II repeat; ace. and 'ala,

Suck. 9^j —3 ft-^j repeat (anything) to (anyone):

VIII turn back, apostatise
Be pleased, be con- 15-^j

tent; *an, be pleased with,

X ask (anyone) to return.
be content with, approve Bad, defective, p^^^j \>j

ace. and \\, regard as fit for, ^

Rampart.
consider satisfactory in view
of: IV make content, satisf}^ Outer garment A^j — j^jg
(of a man).
Approval, acqui- L^j lk^J
escence.
Provide with the ^^JJ
means of feed double
Moisture, aj^^j — v^J ace, bestow
life,

(anything)
;

on
jj»j-jj»j (anyone), bless (anyone) with
2
Pound, pint, a vessel containing (anything).
a pint, pint-stoup.
Sustenance provided by ^jj
Speak a Ajltj jjjpj God, means of livelihood.
foreign language.
IV send, send as an ^J^J
IX ^3*^j', abstain ^j apostle, send a message, let

from evil, repent. go, start (a horse) for a race.

 GLOSSARY If^A

Four hundred. See, hold (as a ^ib L^l)

belief or opinion), judge, think
Forty.
right; double ace, regard (any-
II rear or bring up ^'J
one or anything) as...: IV
(a child) : IV 'ala, exceed.
double ace, make (anyone) see
(anything), show (anything)
to (anyone) ;
passive, think,

Rank, degree, grade of honour.

believe : VI present one's self
to the sight, appear.
Name of a tree ^j^j^j
Opinion, judgment, advice. ^^1^
(a species of broom),
Flag, banner. 2o\j
li, lament for. ^jj
Mirror. St,
Filth, a foul ^^j^t^j — u**'^J
action. Lord, wibjl !f- w*; — w^j
master, owner.
Return : III U^».j a».j
2 i
return to. Many a.

Name of a place. f^^i Many a time, often.

Place of return. Scout, watch- dL^j

T^j-^
man.
VIII speak (poetjy) ^«hg
extempore, extemporise. Tie.

Man. JU.J ^ j4j Courageous.

vc
Foot, leg. J« Elative of ioo\j Jsujl

Hope, hope for jI».i lab.1 Stable. J*^j-o

VIII hope, hope for, have

Spring.
confidence in.

VIII depart, set out J*».j Name of a tribe ;

proper am^j
(on a journey). name masculine.

Saddle-camel. J*>t^j ^ AjL».tj Four. ^j' >• ^J

IFv GLOSSARY

carry off, take away, make Slaughter (of Sl^i— ^3

one's own; 'ila, hold a belief an animal for food or sacrifice).
in (anything), maintain the Acute, sagacious.
l5^^
principle of (anything) : IV
cause to depart ;
gild.

It passed into a ^)L1« 0^3

A horse that has attained to
full age and strength.
proverb.

Gold. ^i Humble, lowly, despicable.

Going, departure. w*^3
J , , , That, this. iub >» ^3
Way of w^lJ^ re-

acting, belief, doctrine.

Thus. iui4
A gilded poem, one of Blame: IV find Ji>

the seven Mu'^allaqdt or blameworthy, regard with

"Suspended Poems." disapproval.

Hi

Covenant, engagement, i«3

He who or that Ol3>e 3^
which is in possession of...,
promise of security given to

having, possessing. anyone.

Blamed. >«-«3
One day.

Essence.
Crime, sin.
Skirt.
Go, depart, follow w^3
Fig.^ wealth, JoJJt J^ (a course of action), hold (an
opulence. opinion 0?' doctrine) ; bi.

•a

starting-point, chief. Belonging to al Raiy ^j\j

Ohief, leader. (Rhages), the ancient capital
KJ'^J
of Persian *iraq.
Gommand, authority. 2l^\j
ij Head, uH^Jj ^ u^b
k2
 GLOSSARY 11^1

Belonging to the ico-^ji Continue, remain, last, j^^

province of Dailam in northern II draw up (a diwan). ^^^
Persia, Low, inferior. ^^3
bi, follow, submit to, ^b On this side of, in front ^j^^
obey.
of, below, less than, without,
Religion. ^^3 to the exclusion of.

Debt. ^^ Register, collection of O^yi^

Religious feeling. ajL;^ poetry, diwan.

Denarius, piece of jUj^

III cure. ^^i
gold; proper name masculine. Remedy, cure. pIj3

Belonging to the iCj^> Ink-horn, ink-bottle. Stj^

town of Dinawar in northern
Silk brocade. ?^WJ3
Persia.

see
Cock. siXj^
^^3. O^yi^

to (anyone's) memory, remind, This, that. ti

exhort, admonish ; double ace.

That. .^'3i ^13
or ace. and bi, remind (any-
Thus, so and so, such \jj9
one) of, cause (anyone) to
and such.
think of : III talk or confer
see ^^ . 0I3
with (anyone); double ace.,

call (anything) to mind with Wolf. w>^i ^ wii— wjf^

(anyone) : VI discuss with one 'an, defend. b3 w^3
another.
Slaughter, sacrifice. «-o3
Mention, notice, re- >^^
membrance, fame.
A shelter. ^jjl —fjj'^

Male. j^i Frighten, terrify. ^^

li, retaining (anything) j^^3 Mention, name, re- >^3
in one's memory. member, recount : II recall
 IPC GLOSSARY

cupied by camels or cattle in Support, iUU^ —^^^

the neighbourhood of an en- prop.
campment. Call, name, call upon, U>
Blood. pU3 ^J^> ^' incite, invite; li, pray for,

bless; 'ala, pray against, curse;

Be near ; min,
bi, call for, send for : VI make
approach, come nigh to : IV
claims against one another,
min, bring near to
Ml
dispute with one another
Base, mean. VIII claim, assert, make pre-
World. iJi
tensions : X make a pro-
i < fession of (anything).
The world, the present UijJI
Prayer, invocation. ftU>
(as opposed to the next) world.
X

^J^
Invitation, summoning. 5^>
Elative of , less, least. ^^\
Claim, j^jU^j 3U3 ^ j^5pS
Time, fortune. jjb^
pretension, assertion.
Be bewildered or ^Jla^
Push, thrust,
stupefied. repel, rebut, avert; 'ila, give
Ill act with dis- ^^^ to, hand over to : III strive
simulation or treachery. to repel, contend against.
Calamity, A;Jbt> — ^A^ Bury. U53 ^>53
mischief.

Crush, shatter, break. J^

Disease. .b — bi
Circle, revolve:
*ala, point to, indicate.
J>
Ulj^^ jt^
IV turn round, roll. *ala, giving a better, or J3 \

House, the best, indication of.

jj^j jLj> ^ j\^
dwelling, abode. Advance, approach, t^^
0^
Convent, monastery. IV let down (a bucket), ^h
Dynasty, aJ^3— Jji Dunghill, Ai«i — ,j-«^
empire. ground which has been oc-

T. A. IIL
 GLOSSARY IFl^

Think, imagine ju. Choice, excellent. j

II passive, 'ila, be imagined
Sew, sew together. ^Ui.
in (anyone's mind), seem to
(anyone).
Tailor. hCL
Collective, horses. sJ^

Play, diversion. ^> David. >%l^^

Milk, flow of j^ —jj^ Practise ub^ bt> w^b

milk ; Jig., flow of eloquence. assiduously, persevere.

Collective, pearls. j3 Creep, crawl. w*>

Walk, go step by -»-.ji
Animal for riding 4jl^
step.
{especially a horse).
A scroll of paper for ?»-j3j ^j> Place of crawling, track w^juo
writing, manuscript.
(of an insect).
A step (of a -j.j3 ^ ^j> Collective, bees, ^^ —^3
ladder).
hornets.
oi 3 1

Coat of mail.
Collective, -^^y ^'
hens.

Tunic. A^ij>
A hen. 4a. U.^
IV overtake, attain, ^j>
reach maturity. Enter ; f i, go into, J^3
enter, take part in; 'ala,
Inf., attaining, being ^j^
overtaken. come into the presence of
(anyone): IV make to enter;
Drachma, j^\^^ ^j^}> *ala, bring into the presence
piece of silver.
of (anyone); double occ, ad-
Know. l5j^ mit (anyone) into (a place).
IFT GLOSSARY

III mingle with, Remain behind

permeate, infect. II leave behind : III disagree

Wine. with, contradict, act in op-

position to : V 'an, refrain
from, hesitate to do (any-
Five.
thing) : VIII disagree, differ
Fifty. in opinion.
e ^ , ^
Five hundred. Behind, after. ^Jd^ ^^j ^JX^
^ J J
Office of Khalifah, Ai^U.
Be obscure *^^-0'»- J^-o^
Caliphate.
or forgotten.
Khalifah. lUJLtt. •>. 4,aJL».
Ditch, fosse. ^Ju».
Caliph.
Belonging to ir^Jj^^ Create : IV uil JUi. —
Kh warizm (Khiva). wear out, waste.
-; ^ ^
Fear; min, be U^a. s^[^ People, a large number JiJL^

afraid of. (of persons) ; shape, outward

form.
More or most afraid. \,^^im\
Cha- ^%o^\ ^ Ji^J iS^
Maternal uncle. JUfc.
racier, disposition, moral or
Betray, be false to. ^j\^ mental quality.
^ 6 i
More or
J

w^-**.! — w^^x^^ Smooth. JU^t

most unsuccessful, unlucky. Be or become empty ; %^
V choose: VIIIchoose,j-j». of time, be past : II ace. and
select, prefer. li of person, leave (anything)
free or open to (anyone); *an,
Good, prosperity, goodness, j^ leave alone, let go.
beneficence ; best ;
followed
by min, better than. With ace., except. ^)L^ U
Empty place, ^ S^Jl^
A good action Otji^ •>.
»j^
't^Xch.

solitude.
or quality.

Best
Die away, j^pcfc
—
jj\d^\ ^ j^\ lose strength.
 GLOSSARY ii^r

Name of a metre. Fault, error.

Fault, sin.

Speak in public,
Obligation to ZjA^ —jA^
deliver an oration ; ask in
protect (a client), protection.
marriage; axic. and 'ila, ask
Be hidden ; 'ala, be iJ>^ (a woman) in marriage of
concealed from (anyone): IV (anyone) : III speak to, ad-
conceal : YIII conceal one's dress.
self : X same meaning. Oration, wy'Jftefc
^ J

^ 2iAx^
J

IV bi, be remiss in JJl^ sermon.

(anything), fail or neglect to
Orator, good speaker. ^.,»^^
do (anything).
Oratory, rhetoric. 4^Ua^
Friend. J«tjJ^

Elative q/* ^.^-wJai.

^ juJLL — Jc^a^
An anklet worn ^y^%^ Occur to the mind : Jau

by women. IV double ace, cause (any-

II perpetuate, im- jJL^ thing) to occur to the mind

mortalise. of (anyone), make (anyone)
VIII take by ,^,JU. think of (anything).

stealth, plagiarise. A thought which djJa^^ jJa^

? ^ " J
min, be clear lo'^J*^ ^joX^ occurs to the mind, a random
from (admixture or alloy), thought.

become free from, escape from: Dignity, worth, j-n»>^ J^^^

V min, free one's self from. eminence.

Mix, mingle : III be Step. S'^aL

<M J
mingled with.
'

Pull off (clothes) Boot.

e^
*ala, bestow a robe of honour Light; *ala, easy to,

on (anyone). acceptable to.

 ||C( GLOSSARY

Distinguished, ^joS^
elect, special, choicest.
9* ^.^Uh. Place of exit,
escape.
way of
^^
Distinguished or eminent ^l^ Sew.

people.
Bead, small shell.
hj^
Especially, in particular. ^l».
Bag, pouch. ituj.». — ^j^
II deem (anyone) \^j».
Abounding with herbage.
to be a dotard.
Waist.
Tear, rend. Jj^
Quality. 4JLa». j-^ Foolishness, stupidity. dSj.^
Adversary, ^©-^^
Silk, cloth of j^jj^
enemy. T^J^
silk.
Dye, dye bLa^ w'O^ VIII cut off. Jjok
(the hair) with henna: VIII
Store up, hoard.
be stained (with blood). OJ***

Store-room, treasury. 2o\j^

Grove. l\\

^ ^ 3 ^ a i.

Green. |lj-ci^ ^ j-cui.1 Dig a well in stones, yj^v»

^ J ^ ^ J 6^
The ^^^oaL e^ ' —>6j-"^"^ make (a well) give forth

Arabian poets who were born water abundantly.

in the Pre-islamic age but A well dug in stones. ^« if

died after the proclamation ^

of Islam.
Rejected, J^-«a»^
J
— J.,.^
despised.
li, become sub- 9Jaj^
Fear.
missive to, stoop to. ^rTT

Handwriting. ,kxL —
Distinguish, parti- ^jo^
,

cularise: VIII bi, be specially

IV miss, fail to hit,
distinguished by, have (any-
make a mistake, do wrong.
thing) as adistinction peculiar
Wrong action, fault. »Jbu to one's self.
 GLOSSARY IP

(anything), offer (anything) IV be humble, abase w^

to (anyone) as a token of one's self.

respect. Bad, wicked. w«..-A - w^

Service, obeisance, S^cj^ II and IV inform, j^
acquaint; ace. aWbi, inform
homage.
(anyone) of (anything): X
Servant (male >»ju^ ^ J^>^ ask for information, seek in-
or female).
formation about, desire news
Denyhelp to, desert. Jj^»- of.
Ml i
Fall down. >». Story, tradition, jL».t •>»
j^
news, information.
A province in jjlwlj^i. J

North-eastern Persia, Khor- Dough, a lump Sj^ -J^

of dough.
asan.

Stealer of camels, w>;l^ — Vj-^ Baker, cook.

brigand. Strike.
i i i " J
Come forth, \^^jj^ ?^^ Become dis-
go out, go away, depart : IV
traught, lose one's wits.
cause to depart, let go, bring
out, draw forth, pay out, ex- Seal, close, bring to ^^I».

pend : X draw forth, extract. an end.

Expense, disbursement. ?rj^

Be ashamed, ^)La»>^ ij't*^

Poll-tax paid by non- -^It be confused or embarrassed.

Moslems, 0/ a lion, j>^ — J**^

keeping in his lair.
Member of jj-jt^*.
^ ^j^j^
the sect called KhArijites, Serve ; a^c. ofpei'son j>jkm»

who held that the Caliph must a7id bi, pay homage to (any-

be elected. one) by presenting him with

1-^ GLOSSARY

one person to another, who Need^ business, ^t^»- ^ ^U^-l^

makes himself responsible for what anyone desires ; bi or

its payment ; letter of credit. 'ila, need of, desire for.

Ill give answer for j^^

(J^'^
Intestine.
answer to (anyone), make
repartees to (anyone).
Become alive, 1^3 L5*^
Disciple (of Jesus).
live : II salute, greet : IV fjj
bring to life, keep aliA-e : X VII take fright, flee. ^^».
be ashamed. VII 'an, retire from j^^ ;

^
i
'ila, betake one's self to.
Alive, living;
tribe, clan.
c Name ,^ja^^*^\ -

of a poet.
Serpent.
IV bi, surround, en- ^3^
Shame. »U».
circle, circumscribe, bring
Life. dL». into a definite compass.

Animal. ,jl^». Weave. l£»^ ^U-

6 ^
J III seek to obtain
w nere. •>_ -
r*
J>»-
by artifice, scheme, plot.
As regards, in ^^''s^ 0-*
respect to.
State, condition, Jt^*.! ^ Jl^
circumstance.
^ b ,
Be dazzled, be or jl».
Round, about. J^*"
become bewildered, lose one's
State, condition. 4JU.
way.
Means of doing or ob-
Time.
taining (anything), device.

At the time when, when. Transfer of a debt from aJt^j

 GLOSSARY ITa

Become intensely lj^^ Praised, praiseworthy. Jb>^*.

hot.
IX become red. j^**
Prohibit, interdict;
Ass. j^r^*' ^ J^-o^*
protect, defend. ^ , J , i
Red, reddish. 1\j.^j^ j^ >©»•'
Protected, defended, lt^^*
who Collective J the il^^-o^^J'
scorning injury, one will
foreigners, the non-Arabs.
not submit to wrong.

Protection, defence. ^iW*- A chick- -u-a^^

Ml f pea.
Indignation, sense of ^i-^-o^

honour, tribal jealousy or

Folly, stu- 4iLo».- JU^
pidity.
fanaticism.

A stallion-camel that is
not ridden and is allowed to
^l». Carry, carry off,

convey, send (on horseback),

S^ —
pasture freely. mount (anyone on an animal
for riding) ; 'ala, put a load
The followers JbU^Jt
upon (anyone): II double ace,
of 'Ahmad ibn Hanbal.
charge (anyone) to carry or
Wheat. — Jau^
AJk^A. convey (anything) : V take
(a burden) upon one's self
One who iJu^;^ — iJL^
VIII carry off, sustain, en-
believes in the religion of
dure.
Abraham, which Moslems
identify with Islam. Plural, camels J^.^*- j* l)-o»-

carrying howdahs or litters

The followers of AM
for women.
Han ifah.
Debt which one iJl^
Collective J lj**" — ^5**"
makes
for
one's self responsible.
bows.

VIII 'ila, have need t^^^ That which ^J.»—.»^ J..^»*-c

of, want. serves to carry (anything).
I^v GLOSSARY

Husband. ^Jt^ Worthy ; bi, having a <Jti*»"

just right to (anything).

Place, position, rank. jJa-«
Truth, reality.
Milk.
Elative of

Ally, confederate. *ala, bear jkA»» —

malice against (anyone).

Ring. Rub, chafe, bruise. ^SW

^ i X J

Name of an astro- jyo*Jt Ol3 Decide ; bi, U^Ca- ^»5si».

nomical instrument, armillary pronounce, ordain : II cbcc.

sphere. and fi, give (anyone) full

powers in regard to (any-
Clemency, ^e^"^/*^ thing) : I Y make firm or solid,
forbearance, reasonableness.
learn thoroughly.
Be or become sweet, ^IL*.
Judgment, ji\Sj^\ ^ j^^
be pleasing.
wisdom, law, ordinance, in-

Sweet. ^JL». stitution.

J X £
Elative of y^. j^-'^' Wisdom, moral j^^ ?*» ^.^iCa.

discourse or saying.

Sage, philo- lU^Ia- -^ ji^Ss^

Ornament.
sopher.
Charcoal.
Sound, free from defect. ^^Cai,.^
Death, doom. ^U--
Relate.
l5^
A pigeon, a dove. a^U*. Story, relation. ^^^^
w
Fever. Be or become lawful : ^^
Praise : II I J^o^* J^-e^*
X regard as lawful.

give praise to (God) : lY find Untie, loose ; bi,

J>».
praiseworthy, regard with alight on or at, descend on
approval YII become loosed.
 GLOSSARY in
Be present, be at j-o*. or excellent : IV do well,

hand, be ready; be present speak well, be able to (do

at, attend, come into the anything), know; 'ila, act

presence of : IV bring, cause well or kindly towards : X

(anyone) to be brought into think good, approve.
one's presence run, trot.
;
Goodness, ^>«»U»-« ^ ,J--*.
Presence. dj.«a». good quality, excellence,
beauty.
Inf. of yoj^ III, in 5^la—
mysticism, communion with Good, beautiful, pleasing. ^>-^.
God.
Beautiful (woman). M.m..,»i

Better, best.
Share, share of good fortune,
Feed (a fire) with
pleasure.
fuel, make (a fire) blaze.
Dig. jA^ VIII be abashed, j9^»^
feel shyness.
Guard, preserve, Jsla*.

keep (in memory): VIII bi, Those who Aj^^i»».

— ^-i^
observe, be mindful of. invest God with human at-

li, keeping (anything) iail». tributes, anthropomorphists.

in memory. ch'< a^u.

^fT
Elative o/JaiU.. J^)A».t Side, fringe or border (of a
garment), train of followers,
Assembly, Jji»*-« — cM^ retinue.
salon.
Prevent. va».
X have a just claim JU.»-
to, deserve, require, regard Result, supervene, ^-rr-
as obligatory. come to pass.
Hi ^ - J
Due, what anyone is en- J^ Chaste
titled to, just claim, obliga- or married woman.
tion, right, truth. IV number, count. .
I""0 GLOSSARY

V seek, aim at.

lSj^" A volcanic tract strewn Zj^,

bi, adapted to, worthy with black crumbling stones.

\^y^
of, having good reason for. Heat. dj L*.

Cut, make an \j,^ J.^. Plunder.

incision.
f ^ ^ War. ^3^*-
Bind (a horse) U^ ^©^ Lance. <UjA»
with a girth.

Prudence, discretion, ^>>-

Greed, u^j-^ — u^j^
avarice.
perseverance.
V 'an, turn aside \^j^.
Grieve. Uj*.^ Oj.». jj^^*.
from, become estranged from.
Sad, sorrowful. CHJ^ J J o ^
Letter of the *^j>»- ^ w?
IV bi, perceive, alphabet, word.
be aware of.
Trade, handicraft.
Think, suppose
III ace. and 'an, call (any-
V be burnt, be con- ijj.»-

sumed with anguish.

one) to account for (anything).
Barque. A.9\.
Sufficiency, enough. ^_v^rr-

Honour w^L.».t •>* i_-n-iit-

II set in motion, ^^
shake.
{especially that which
rived from one's ancestors)^
is de-
Holy place, j^j^ — je>j^

sacred territory ; a man's

glory, nobility.
J J wives and family.
Account. OUl.. iw 9. ^l..,«.,fc»

The sacred territory of jbj:>J\

Envy; ace. and Ju.>^
Mecca.
'ala, envy (anyone) for (any- J ^ J
Plural of A,cj^j a man's
thing).

0/ a woman, Sj^.* I*. — -j-«.».

wives and family.

unveiled, uncovered. 0/a Bedouin, rude, one

Be or become good : ,^-~». who has had no intercourse
II make (anything) goodly with townsfolk.
 GLOSSARY irp

ofperson ancfbi, suggest (any- Pilgrimage to Mecca.

?^
thing) to (anyone), inspire
(anyone) with the hope or
A pilgrimage.
intention of (doing anything): Year. F^'f^
III converse with: IV bring
Argument, proof,
into existence, produce (some-
evidence.
thing new), revolt : V talk.
Pilgrim. ?^^»•»- ^ »'
New, modem. w<^.jjk^
Ace. and *ala, debar wa^i^ —
Oral re- w^>l».t •>. w^oJl^
(anyone) from access to (one's
lation of the Prophet's words
self).
or actions, tradition, talk, idle
Chamberlain. w^s^l^
talk, tale, story, saying.

Having a beginning >L^j^

Bosom ;^^., j^^^-> —^^^
.o
care, protection.
in time (opposite of ^^j3),
Stone. ^jW"*- ;?-
invented, modern.
VII descend, come j*x^ Mare kept for breeding. Sja..*-
down.
IV 'an, abstain ^a^.^
<X9J^ — ^J^ from, desist from.
Black of the eye, pupil of the
Edge 3^jL^ *- j^—^j^
eye.
(of a sword), limit, boundary,
VIII blaze, burn ^j^»-
law, ordinance.
fiercely.

Fear, be on one's j J>*»

Sharp. >)«A*- ^ J^*>^*

guard against, beware. Iron. jujk^.

Fear, caution. J«^ High T**^^^ w***^*
ground, highland.
Opposite.
Be new or recent ^j^»>
Be or become hot.
X
>^ —^ —
J

II tell,
:

relate to, relate tra-

i

Free, noble. ditions of the Prophet; ace.

 GLOSSARY

Interior, III be the neighbour jy^

inside (of anything) or client of (anyone) : IV pro-
tect, grant refuge.
Collective, jewels,
One who is pro- oW*?" ;*• J^
pearls.
tected, neighbour, client.
Longing, ^y>^ ^5^3- Inf. of j^ III.
anguish. ^0 ^
Stockings.
Come, \.l.>af, .oj A^*»- (^
come to ; bi, bring ; ace. of
Pass, be per- !jUh~« J^
missible, be possible : III ace.
person and bi, bring (any-
and 'iLa, pass from (one thing)
thing) to (anyone) ; 'ala, accord
to (another) : VIII ace. or
with, tit, be applicable to.
bi, pass by.
^
Neck. ^lL\ Walnut.

Army. Lf'^t^ Be hungry. cla-

embarrassed (in speaking), IV love, like, wish, ».,-.s.*».

stammer: VIII same mean- prefer : VI love one another.

ing. Love.

Creep, crawl. 'ila, more or most pleasing ^.^....^.t

or dear to (anyone).
Until.
L5^
Make beautiful, em- j^^
*ala, urge to, in-
hellish ;
jiossive, be or become
stigate to.
beautiful.

Make the pilgrimage Im-

to Mecca: III contend in prison ; ace. and 'ala, confine
argument with (anyone) (anything) to (anyone), make
VIII bi, adduce (anything) (anything) the private pro-
as an argument. perty of (anyone): V become
 GLOSSARY irr

Ignorant, rude, bar- JJ^W- Side, wing (of an army). 4^»>

barous. Side, direction. v-^V-
A time or state of dJUbl^
ignorance or barbarity. Flural^ ribs of the breast.

The time of paganism AJUlaJt

Collective, stones. ^J^
preceding Islam.

Hell.
Corpse, corpse on a bier.
IV answer, assent
to (a prayer), accept (an in- Sort, kind.

vitation); dec. of person and Gather, pluck, ^». ij^

'ila, consent to anj^one's doing
gain; bring down (an injury
anything : YI answer one
upon anyone), be guilty of.
another, hold a dialogue : X
Crime, offence, injury. ajU».
li, reply to (anyone).

VIII destroy, eradi- 9-^»- Ill wage war against

cate. (infidels).

Be liberal : IV make >l*. Distress, suffering,

excellent, do (anything) ex- fatigue.

cellently : X deem excellent, War against infidels, holy >^^^^

desire (anything) to be ex- war.
cellent, choose carefully. JO.'
Utmost of one's power, .>^v^fe»^

Liberality, munificence. ^^». all that one can possibly do.

Excellence. '^>^'^3 ^>^^ All that is re-

J^^ —J.^^
quired for a funeral.
Liberal, muni- >t^*>l 9» >1>a^
licent ; an excellent or noble Be ignorant ; 'ala, ijy^
horse. act rudely or barbarously to-

Excellent. wards (anyone).

J , I Ignorance, rudeness, iJt^

Elative of
barbarity.
 GLOSSARY

Camel. j4--— »>o-- Assembly, j^U»-« -j.

council, salon, hall, room.

Totality, the J^ »- iU«j.
Collective, live ^.^of —j^^
whole of anything.
coals.
Beauty, pleasingness, JU^ Unite, collect : IV >t~eA.
goodness.
'ala, be agreed upon (any-
Camel-herd, one who JU^ thing): VIII come together,
looks after camels. assemble, be combined ; 'ila,

Beautiful, comely. J*e-o*- be united to; 'ala, be agreed

upon.
Pomp, magnificence. J'-o^^
Union, congregation.
X 6 ^
Collection. 5^.^-0^ —>v»^ The Friday prayers.
^ ^0>o Of. J - A - J Oto J
Name of a wyO' jlx^l 5 Friday. ^ J^yi
book.
All, the whole.
cH^" — c>**?"
Together. ^*!j^»-
Collective^ spirits, demons.
genies. Number, multitude, Aft^.fr»»

Garden. collective body.

The body of legal itl-o^l

Paradise.
decisions made by early
Possessed by a demon, Moslem jurists; the public
mad. worship in which the whole
II dovhle ace, put ^ Moslem community takes
(anyone) far away from (any-
part.
thing), cause (anyone)to avoid
The orthodox AcUaji" J*'
(anything): V avoid: VIII
Moslems.
J y J y i
stand aloof from, shun, avoid. y e-

All, all to-

Side. wJ^ gether.

Beside, in com- Plural, all *^lafc-« ^ ^-oA*^

parison with. the parts, the whole.

I 2
 GLOSSARY ir<
J .0 i
Body. >r-»-- Aff'ected with the disease ^^.^t

V charge one's self called w>*") scabby.

with (something difficult or Neck or collar of a oWj***

dangerous), expose one's self shirt.

to (danger). Wound. ?r>"^

Beloncjing Locust, d^ l/fc-^ 3 ( >/»-

L5*>**^
to the tribe of Ja'dah. grasshopper.
J

Make, put, place Crime.

; J*»-
ojcc. and li, give (anything) Flow, run ; *ala,

to, attribute or assign (any- follow (a particular course of

thing) to ; ace. and 'ila, com- action), 0/ money, be paid
mit or entrust (anything) to regularly to (anyone) : IV
double ace, make (a person or 'ala, assign (a sum of money)
thing) to be..., make (any- to (anyone) as a stipend or
thing) into ; with following allowance.
imp/., begin to.

Rough, rude, i^^Ufc.

Girl, slave-girl. ^^J
churlish. Cut.

Be great, be exalted
Be or become
:
jj^
impatient, grieve violently,
IV honour.
Impatient in
Great.
misfortune.
Dignity, majesty. IV li, make large
gifts to (anyone).
Elative 0/ ^J^J<^.
Great, large. J^>'^
Strength, J,0 f.

hardihood. Elative 0/ ,JjJ^.

Skin. Land-tax ^^^ «»^

paid by free non-Moslems
Sit; 'ila, sit beside: ^.^JL*.

III sit with : IV make to sit. Bridge. j-"^ —j-*^ —

 GLOSSARY

Praise, eulogy. A fruit, a pro- Otj^ ^ S^

duct.
UijI jb l;5t

Twelve.'
Eight'

Garment. Eight aSuji^j asu jv^^

hundred.
Recompense, requital wjI^
(given by God, especially for Bend, double, fold up, ^^^

good actions). close 1 1 do (anything) twice,

:

repeat : IV 'ala, praise, extol

Be stirred up, break jU
bi of thing and 'ala of person,
out.
praise (an3''one) for (any-
Bull. O!^ 2 J^ thing).

New. JUjCCk. High rank, dignity. dl».

J.
Fit, suitable, jjj^». —jj^». Heart, soul.
worthy.
VII fall upon the Jj^»- Coat. iSU».

grouud, be prostrate. 1 «^t

Gabriel.
Hawk. Jj^'
X ask a gift of (any- j j^».
Mountain
one).
Alone, ^Ji^a„^ — cA**-**-

solitary.
Trunk of a palm-tree.

Belonging
vl J
^-olj^—^Jca. Be grave, be serious :
j^
II make new, renew.
to the tribe of Judham.
TI test, put to the w>j>^ Grandfather, ancestor
proof. fortune.

Scab (a disease of camels). Hard ground. >J^

T. A. III.
 GLOSSARY irA

turn favourably towards (any- Complete, perfect. J^3

one), accept the repentance of
Elative of j^3 . j^\
(anyone).
Inf. ofj^ II. CS
Repentance. ij^
Crown, OV^ ^ ^^ Collective^ dates. j^
diadem. Repent; *ala, of God, w^U

ness, become weary of (any- Blood-revenge. jU — ^j U

one) as a companion : X re- IV make to stand
gard (anyone) as tedious or fast, establish (in a position).
troublesome, dislike.
Firm, steadfast. sluJ
Load. ji^
Memorandum, note-book,

Heavy, richly ornamented J^Ju ledger.

with gold. Moist earth, ^jj yc^

3
A weight equivalent to JUto Serpent. OW*^ — ^ou
one dirhem and a half.
Break or pull out (a jij
J f f a^
^Xj tooth) ;
passive, have one's
Cause of disgrace, scandal affect- tooth broken or pulled out.
ing one's honour. Slow, slow to JUu — JJu
a5^U^ ^^ ^:^'— ^iJU^ move.

Three. adi^ II straighten (a \,JJu

spear-shaft).
Thirty. o^^ O^^*^ Name of a tribe.
Threehundred. aSuiU^ aJi^'nU

Third. ^iJU Belonging to the tribe 15**^

of Thaqif.
-i
Then, thereupon.
VI *
an, refrain from ^Jju
Collective y fruit. (anything) through sluggish-
I rv GLOSSARY

distinctly : V become mani- Ace. and min, sell Uw cb

fest, appear plainly : VI be- (anything) to (anyone): III
come separated from one an- swear allegiance to (anyone)
other. as Caliph; ace. of person and
*ala, swear the oath of allegi-
Between, among. ^J^
ance to (a Caliph) on con-
While. Ulj
dition of (doing anything).
Eloquence, exposition, ^Lj Huckster, petty merchant. «^
Evidence, proof. IV speak plainly or ,j-o

IV fill, satiate. cp A kind of sandal

or slipper.
Leave, abandon, l^p ^jj
renounce, omit, reject; owe. Follow : V search
£f
of person and min, let (any- after by degrees, investigate
one) neglect (anything). VIII follow, pursue.

Nine. 4Jt.»J ^a iu>J — iu»J Follower. .Ut

Ninety. OyuJ Those who followed ^^*jUJt

and associated with the Com-
Fie!, shame! \^ — ^-aaj panions of the Prophet, the
men of the second generation
see jJ^. jJj after Muhammad.
IV squander, waste w-iXj Short trousers. jjUJ — ,J-J
(by prodigality).
Under, beneath. C-sa^
J J <
see *iXJ3
A tray or O^ai^ !*- sZ^jLj
II finish, complete :
chest (of clothes).
IV same meaning.
Dry earth, <. ,\j3- ^jj.
Name of a tribe. dust, mould.
 GLOSSARY I n
Beast, brute. A^^sW—>n^ More or most effectual, iLl
more o?* most excessive.
Thumb. -*W
Goal, destination, amount, aJUo
Beauty, »^— >W total.
brilliance, splendour (of re-

putation). Try, test, afflict : III '^—

with preceding negative, not . .

Door, gate, w>i>j) >- w^b

care : IV confer (a benefit)
chapter, category, subject,
on (anyone).
topic.

bi, make manifest,

Trial, probation. ^j
f ^ t i

declare, reveal. Beneficence, favour. *^)Lj ^.no-

Collective, owls.
A she-camel that the pagan aJj
Arabs used to bind and leave
An owl. 4^^ to die at the grave of her
Pass the night. Ob former owner.

Tent, house, Of a garment, be or ^Jb

temple, family become worn out: IV wear
Verse. ^W /!•
out, consume.

Yea, certainly {affirming ^Jb

The Temple at Mecca, I

what has been denied).

the Ka'bah.
0>o J c^ Build.
The treasury. JUI
IX be or become Son. pl-Jl^ 0>^ ?r 0^3 Ch'
white.
0."
Daughter. Ol*J >.. C^^ i^l
Collective, eggs.
Diminutive of ^\. ^j>j
Whiteness, fairness of c/^W
^, i

complexion. Diminutive ofZj^S.

" *" i ^of
"White, ^jaa^ ?»- ^^-A-o >» u/aa^I
Of the moo7t, jjbb —j^
of fair complexion. outshining the stars.
I re GLOSSARY

A she-mule. 2JJu j~ Send, raise from the

dead, incite, excite; bi, send.
Seek ; double acc.j ^jiu
f OJ J J
seek (anything) for (anyone) Be or become I jju jju
IV double ace. J
seek (any- distant : III baina, make a
thing) for (anyone): VII be wide separation between (two
allowable or possible; li, be persons or parties) : IV re-

fitting for, behove, beseem : move far (from good), curse:

VIII seek, desire. VI be far distant or apart.
^ J ^
Acting unjustly, tyranni- ^Ju Afterwards, still, even jkXj
cally, or insolently. now ; ivith preceding negative,

Object of desire. not yet.

Collective^ cows, yo —^^ Now, now to proceed, jot

cattle.
After.
Remain, remain pUj
Distance, altitude ^Ujl »-
over, continue, last, endure,
(of a star).
be immortal.
Far, remote, far-fetched
Weep, weep for. pUo ^Ju
improbable.
Nay, on the contrary. J.j
Elative of I

Country, land, town. Camel. jt*^

Used collectively, country, y^ Portion, ua«j
Reach, attain, arrive i-b some, one of...

at, come to the knowledge of

Bagdad. 3t
(anyone) II doubleacc, cause
;

IV hate ; ace. of
to reach, deliver (anything) to
person and *ala, hate (any-
(anyone) : III exaggerate.
one) for (anything).
Eloquent. iUJb »- «-Jj
'ila, more or most hateful u^aijt
.»

Eloquence, rhetoric. A^^ to (anyone).

 GLOSSARY I r\^

II ace. and bi, j*^ Come forth, appear :

jjj
gladden (anyone) by the an- II 'an, go ahead of, outstrip,
nouncement of (good news), IV cause to come forth, ex-
announce (good news) to (any- pose.
one) VI congratulate one OJ
:

another.
Rough ground d3jj — Jijj

where stones, sand, and earth

are mixed together.
Collective^ mankind. j^
X regard (food or a^ II %9j^, veil one's %3jj
drink) as distasteful. face.

bi, look at, j-cu — 3 j.^ Veil (for the face). 9.5jj

perceive. Kneel: III fi, bless. Jjj—1-

til * ^
Sight, vision, eye. jUoj!
^ ^-cu Falling upon the knees 1\^\jj

Name in battle and so fighting,

of a city near the dj.oJt
mouth of the Euphrates.
desperate combat, field (of

battle).
Sharp-sighted.
The descendants dSio\jJ\

Exude moisture. of Barmak, the Barmecides.

IV make a false A hood or hooded
assertion. cloak.

False, vain, worthless. J^W IV say (to a she- ^^j„^

camel) j^^-j ^^.
Garden. ^^U.^
Belly, bottom of a 0^^3
Gardener. OWO^-^
valley.
Make glad, open
She ,>k>t A^H>^ c.a>,o
V liberate one's self.
brought forth five young ones.
V smile.
Having one's belly full of dJk^
Joy (at ^LmIWkmJ ^ >ii mj
food or drink, repletion.
meeting anyone), cheerful-
Interior, spiritual part, yj^^ ness.
 GLOSSARY

Desert. ^>W
Innovation, heresy.
Overcome, surpass. Ju
Wonderful, extra-
Give, offer, ^) Ju J Ju ^--t"
ordinary.
devote : VI give to one an-
other, practise mutual self- A wonderful jiStju

sacrifice: VIII use (a gar- thing.

C^-^
ment) for ordinary occasions,
Elative o/* «,j ju c
wear out (a garment) in daily
use. IV ace. of person and Jju
bi, give (anything) to (any-
Kindness, benefit, jj jj.j
one) in exchange; double ace.
favour, piety.
and bi, give (anything) to
Bunches or clusters (of jjjj (anyone) in exchange for (any-
the fruit of the tree called thing): X bi, take a substi-
tute for or in the place of
(anyone).
Be con- ^J^—3 Ih
valescent; min, be or become An ^ju ^
4jju O**^ —
free from, recover from (ill- animal slaughtered for sacri-
ness): IV cure, heal. fice (at Mecca).

mm, renounce, dt Extempore, V:J Ju — d ju

impromptu.
Convalescence.
Faculty of speaking ^J^
Go away, depart.
C^^ extempore, improvisation.

Be or become cold. A^' Appear, become mani- ju I

fest, occur, suggest itself

Coldness.
IV make manifest, bring to
Post-horse, postal service, jujj
light.
post.
Open, exposed, ^j^b >e ^b
Ofasword^ sharp. :,j\y) ^ S^jb manifest.
 GLOSSARY I rr
0$
Which, what, whichever. ^'
Again^ 0!, ho! Ljt-

Time. Particle^ denoting the ic- «

^4
cusative, prefixed to personal
At the present time, now. ^"^t
pronouns.
Where? O-i t ^ Ml

it Beware of (doing any-

O! lydl
thing) !

J ii.
Job. V5:j' II strengthen. Jl;I-

SKt.
In, at, by, with, by means w*
of, by reason of, in exchange
Sea ;
proper name for.
feminine.
In oaths, by. ^
A she-camel whose ear 5

is slit.
Well. ^-jW
Verb o/blam£f be evil. j_;^
Incense. jy^—J'^ I.
Harm.
Escape, means ju — 3ju
of avoiding. After a negative, 4
absolutely, at all.
Begin ; bi, begin with : I ju
VIII same meaning. Sharp, jjt^^ ^^\j—j1j
cutting.
A purse jju ^ ^jJ^—jJ^f Sharp, cutting. JLJij — dUj
of money.
Intuitive knowledge, S;3b Disperse. wn^

faculty of extemporising *an, exami

poetry. scrutinise.
 in GLOSSARY

Thou. wot ji C-Jt •

Ace. and *ala, be ,^j^\

Ye, you. secure from (injury) in regard

to: II render secure: IV
Female.
render secure ; believe in a
IV make friendly, ^^ religious sense : VIII ace. of
tame : X become sociable, be person and ii or *ala, trust
domesticated. (anyone) with (anything), en-
Collective^ mankind, men. ^^\ trust (anything) to (anyone).

U Security, promise of jjUt

Entertainment, diversion. ^^I
I security.
A human j^U^ ,^UI »• ^jLJ!
being, a man.
Faith in a religious sense. O^^
Believer. 0-*>*
Nose. — out oul
People, family, JaI — JaI ^^\ IV,
Participle of ^^^..^^^^

kinsfolk, those to whom a

as an epithet of God, He who
thing belongs; renders (his servants) secure
li, having a
right to, entitled to, worthy of (from wrong or punishment).

Or followed by
; sub- 3 1
Slave- ;UI ^ A«et
J

girl.
junctive^ until, unless.

Place of re- w*U — w*^t The Umaiyads.

turn, bourne. That, because. ^jl^ ^1
Be crooked. I^^l >jl As though. Uj^^ O^
'ila, return to, have J I In order that... not. ^Jij

recourse to. Sit i

Because. O*^^ O*^
Household, family, kinsfolk, jT '
If.
people. oi
Verily. 3'
First, earlier, ^^\ j, J^l
beginning. Only. Ui|
That is, namely. ^\ I. ut
 GLOSSARY I r

Religious com- ^o-«' ?;

Fie !, shame ! ol Ul9\

J3I — Jdl
munity, nation, people. Side, JUI fc^

Illiterate. quarter, region.

Before, in front of.

Imam, Ploughman, agricultural

leader of a re- ^Ul
ligious community, head of a bourer.

sect. Eat. J^'

Verily, truly, jjl Ut^ Ut The.
-^
With following ^,
•:

as to, L«t O !, come !, is it not

as regards. the case that... 1

Either... or. UI^...U! Verily. opJ'

Except, unless, other ^JI
Order, advise ; \j^\ j^\
wise than; in combination
bi, order anything to be done,
an with jyreceding negative = only.
give order concerning
(anyone); ace. and bi, order Who, he \J^^^ ij5->3'
(anyone) to do (anything) ; li who, which, that wliich.
^
of person and
ft
bi, order (any-
Become friendly oUI
thing) to be given to (any-
with: II compose, compile,
one).
put into writing.
Thing, matter, business,
A thousand. ^^)\ ^ sJUt
affair, command.
A god. i^Ji ^ aJI— aJ!
Commander,
prince. God. iijl

The office of prince, To, towards, until. ^Jt

sovereignty.
Particle of interroga- jt\

Yesterday. ^^^,»^\ tion^ or?

V look intently at, J^t

contemplate. Mother, dam.
 in GLOSSARY
^
Loin-cloth, pair of drawers, jji* At that time, then. Jt33t
mantle. li, give permission to jj3 1

it
A year of ^3j^—^r (anyone) : X li, ask per-
drought or famine ; distress, mission for (anyone); 'ala,ask
penury, permission to come into the
II found, lay the ^,^-^1 presence of (anyone) ; 'ala

foundations of. and li, ask leave to admit

Master, teacher. iUwl (anyone) into the presence of

(anyone).
Isaac. I3 ju^i
Permission. Oil£
Lion.

Take prisoner. Ear.

Altogether. Waves.
OJ Of.
Astrolabe. . .. ^ i%.
J ^ « ^ e^ Vj^ -J- ^j^ — Wi*;'
Alexander the
Need, want, use (for anything).
Great.
II kindle (fire), excite ^jt
Alexandria. AjjJJSL,*^\ (discord).

see w^^. '^jj

Ishmael.
Earth, land, region. u^jS
Ill share (food, ^^\
money, etc.) with (anyone). Be sleepless. Jjt
Keeper of camels, ^b^t
A tree of the A^tjf— i);l
An ^Ld! ^ Sju-©l —jLol kind called ^Ijl.
t

enclosure, made of rocks, for

the protection of camels,
sheep, or goats.
Name of a tribe.

VIII jjJl, put on or jjt

Root, origin, what is funda-
mental or primary. wear a j|Jil«.
 GLOSSARY I
|A

Last. ^' Reward; fi, reward jaJS

(anyone) on account of (any-

Other, another, {^j-^^ v» j^'
thing or anyone).
Last, end. j^^t • t
Reward, hire. j*.!
The next world. ^j^*^'
Hireling. ^^j^^ 7r j^i^^
III fraternise with, ^^t
behave as a brother to. Fixed term, Jjh.t — J^t
Brother. ^^\ appointed period.
?r T-^

Member of such ^-J ^^t

Yes. J^t
^J^
and such a tribe, Because of. J^t ^>*
^ «»

/n/. of^lin. ,UI

Future, that which shall ^^1
II educate, teach good w>3 1

come hereafter.
manners, correct, punish.

Polite, cultured, ib^l

One. ^J^»-t J^ J^
* i ^ » »
man of letters. Take, seize, tjc*.) j^\
receive; bi, seize, take hold
Teacher.
of ; with following impf.^
VIII bi, use (any- ^3!
begin to : VIII take for one's
thing) as a condiment, use
self, get possession of, acquire.
for seasoning.

Seasoning, condiment. »3t

Source whence anything J^U
is derived.
Adam. ^> I

II put behind; ace. and ji^\

ol^il »- Sbl— ^>l 'an, keep (anyone) back from
Instrument. (anything), put oflf payment
Water-skin. S^l^l (of anything) to (anyone):
II pay, discharge, t^>t V *an, be withheld from (any-
execute, convey, deliver. thing), be put off so as not
When, since, lo! behold! il to receive payment (of what
When, whenever, if, there !, til is due to anyone), be kept
lo! away from (a meeting).
 GLOSSARY

Come, come to ; bi, ^-51 Particle of interrogation. \

bring, bring forward, produce, All time to jut — jut

commit; bi and ace, bring come, eternity.
(anyone) to (anyone) ; *ala,
With preceding negative, t jut
arrive at : IV with double
never.
ace, give (anything) to (any-
A strange or Jutjt -». Sjut
one).
abominable practice; an un-
Imperative of ^JJI IV OUb
familiar or obscu re expression.
give, bring.
Abraham. .j^t^^j^^
Trace, j\S\ ^ jit —jJt o

vestige, relic, monument, re- Pure (gold). J^j^t

markable achievement; tra- V put under one's Ljt

dition, or collectively, tra- (own) armpit.
ditions, of the Prophet.
Nickname of a Pre- \j^ Jsul?
Honoured, favourite. islamic poet.
Collective, camels. Jut
Elative of j^\.
see ^JJ. 2lJj\^ ^t
A glorious action jjU 9- 5pU
handed down from generation
Father, plut
'
*, w^t
^ \
—.
^jt
'
J J i

to generation, a noble deed, Name of a poet d^*^^ >jt

a noble quality or character. name of a mountain near

Mecca.
Sin. ^'-^ Refuse, reject ; 'ala, ^^l
Sin. j,\S\ ^ J\ refuse to comply with (any-
one).
 I M
J^h '«jh5 J>Iijl %c AUI3 jJb 'juj«-Jt j3Ua3l3 'juj^l
oj ^ ^ J 2 J Cto i ^ e J fat ^ ^

Si 3 fotJ
1. dji in pause, for Zj3. Wright 11. § 226.

3. 6j^ J^, "the merit of his ancestor" ('ali ibn Abi

Talib).
AfljCZ.tJ wU^ (^J^t ^ ^'^^'^ ^'-^ r\..iai.« ,J>£ ^U iji^

^ f J J ^ ^

jOtO J J a ^0,0 .> , jO«0 30 < ii 0«-jOx

^ X 2

OL-j_3L-aJI LyJLSjJ ^>>j^ # bU£9 ;5->*^' v>* ^-^ ^'^

OU J^ i5-*aJ^ u*^ J^»- J>* ^ i^5*t^ jnJ^' ^ffli;^t C^

J ^
S. CHl^j3, about half-way between Teheran and the
Caspian Sea.

9. Metre JuALi\, § 621.

SU^l j«3l^, an honorary title of the Sahib which often

occurs in poems addressed to him.

h2
 J J f Ot >d
^ ^

jiJflUUJ ji«e*^t 4jU^t ^.o^Juwi^ ^«<«>«AJ |J>tOJ (.5^ W;^^ «^3 ^

ft W J

^>o o^-a^j jv^ i^y v>* ^^ J^ (V >*^ '^ ^j^> ^^

J^y^ .iy*Oa> ^ ly^4 (>'^ ^-^ ^-^-« A-W^ JV^' ^t^

'jJiiT jlij U ^J JUi c^j'^)! J-J-A^ A^JcaJI cJlil^ 15

cA*-3 U^ J15 jJ^ J15 'jljl ^U> 'j4—J ^

(needed by) anyone who undertakes to support a person like
me."

2. jL.,ejOt ^\, vizier of the Buwaihid Rukn al Daulaft

(932— 976 A.D.).

8. O^ v>o ^^» "whoever he might be."

13. iJlJ^I J.Ju3l ^l O^P' ^J^> t^i® celebrated

author of the Maqdmdt (died 1007 a.d.). LHA., 328.

 I \r

pljU^ ^jJoLA^ c^**-^3 4-6U^3 c^3'j-^3 ^b^3 u^t^^

^t j-;jjk».3 * * * a^*nU Jt oiyt j-5 A-«J j>ft Jmaj

C'Ao.>.> Jt5 ^ j)i» ; t t ^j*rfjU3t ^ ;

.... ?i »)t ^ jL»a>,« ^i gM .a>Jl

2ls3j wA».UJt (^U i^LjJt yt\ _)t J^t J^ ^>.^l.>gJl

i ^ » ^ J ulitiul

lo-^i O^^ ^^.^"^ "^'j-oJ jV 15^-0^ ti^ ^jW (^**-<^3

^5^ JaJ \^^3 ijT^^ ij5^^ 2>^^ ,^3 J>i»

J.»a^ ^^ lyj JJj loJ ,jJsJt Ui JN&x^ ASUAjjt j^t 4^1^

9. j>-ai« o^ ->>3, the Samanid (976— 997 A.D.).

13. Text: ^-i;.©-^^ ^or ^-1;^^.

14. Text: ^^^
J^&s^ O-*- Ibn Khallikan omits ^JLU
and reads ^j^ (De Slane) or J.^Dt ,j-« (Wiistenfeld).
J.»a,.Zjt
Translate " What, then, do you think of the pomp suitable
:

to the condition of a person like me " Lj refers to the words

!

*Jt jJij3 iJ>^' I^ would seem natural, however, to read

^J^ ^.o^j 0-* *V fSt^ UJj "of the resources proper for
T. A. III. H
 1 1 r

ul J ^0

< oe. ft

j^yiJi d^JJLc L« J..*

. o Li # ^^J^3t O^-Lcu i^j>Jt w>>fr^

UJCJI Ij-o-U ^^^jJCJIitj # L^^-aw-i-c ^^Aj-JU^I Oj^Uj

^ bi i^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^0<» 63 3 ^ ^ i
^> ^' L^U ^^ t,r*"^J L5^1 * L5^' C5^ *^^^ O-o W^
J JO 0^30^ 3 It /*<- X J*** ^ * ^ ^
O3 ^
-i

UC^ lyJUU JsL-J ^ j^^..^ # ChjytjJI^ 0'-.<>!J*^'

HtP^ 0^ ft Jft

0<- •'^ ft ul lO

1. Metre JUUJI, §606.

3. Metre J^jUi^l, §610.

8. Text: ,^j^.
11. Text: j^^it.

jLyjOl jJLft LjjU-, "one who acts in the ordinary way."

^ J 1
^
0, , , » J 1
l.;...>ifc .\ ^t, equivalent to aJI ,j^-..«*-{ O*^*

12. SjJjj jjj ^>au« held important governorships under

the Umaiyad and first 'abb^sid Caliphs. He was renowned
for his generosity.
 1 1

jt , oil ' « . •'

^^w^l j^xw ^1 J15 U^ A^t ,>« V?;33

iUw'N)C ^Uw'N)t h^y^ # jjl£» ^>ft Ijjl^ djlj^l ^j3

^^ U^ 0.^ J15 ^5^-><^t j^lj^t o4^^l ^ 0>^

^l^j Jli CH/^3 aSU^U^ iJt'laJI^ ^j«L)l jli. ^v

^O^UJt ^t jJa^ d;t> _5 a;^ j\iS^*^\j ^bj J>ahJt A.
;
afcA.j

AwUJt^ ^JoJl ,>« l^ 0-* 2***" ;^' ^^! jV'j^jJ'

^,.<nI5u Juh.t3 ^U».U c!^'^^ 4j^JLoJt dj^UJt j«JaJ\ j^^f*^

Hi 2 ^ J
AjJI ^*iij^^t >Ui «-jjJt o-« 0^ (^ ^ J^^itl J^

the Buwaihid dynasty. He is said to have been called w.Al.oJt

(the Companion) on account of his life-long friendship with
the Buwaihid prince, Mu'aiyid al Daulah. He died in 997 a.d.
Cf. Ibn Khallikan, De Slane's translation, vol. i. pp. 212—217.

3. Metre JLeb3t,§606.
Si J ^
5. Aj^jJi jo^, brother of Mu'aiyid al Daulah, whom he
succeeded in 983 a.d.
 1 1 *

AJ^wli cLj O^-* ^)I # cAtJ^ JhJ-^ J>*^ ^' J^JJi

y Oi yl ^ ^^ Hi

Ut Uj
^ JUi JJiu Tfj^ SjtSlj aJju wJ-JI^ jy*^^ v*t^^

^j!a^ J^ (^J^ ^^^ O^P^ Jj

XIX. THE 9AHIB 'ISMA'tL IBN 'ABBAD.

1. Metre ^1^1, § 607.

J for

11. Metre J^UOI, §606.

16. w.N».La3l . 'Isma'il ibn 'abbad was a famous vizier under
 1.1

L^tj-Jj! j^^A^'j J-J' ^yJ 0./<J-^3 >>-5 >oUl lyJ^

J J I ot

^ ^ <• W Ml JO ki OJ ijj W

w £ 6^ J J 0^ ^ J wi

j^ j5 j- txJoS l*-* * '^

W^mJLc^^ d»v^JL**J W<A^^ L5^^ WsA.0^3 4jt3j d^jt SiIl.^.*Ixi A^l^

1. Metre ^jiijt, §621.

5. Text: j;^!.
6. Metre jit^M, §607.
ft

9. Text : Ol5l^».3 OLkwlo 01 13 13 j^lj ^>« j.*^ Opfc.li

£^ ^ w J
w>>b3^. The mention of SamarrS, (^^ij jj>^ j-.») is obviously
out of place here. The Leiden and Oxford MSS. have
which I propose to read ^ULo-jJ^- Sulaimanan
)jtjl».»^j, for
was a harbour in the neighbourhood of al Basrah. The
corrections OLJau»»t^ and wJjbj are due to Prof. Margoliouth.
Ml Hi J
10. Sj^j 5jk^ ^3 : so pointed in the Leiden MS.

Text: ijs-^ Sjs^ ^9.

 XVIII. THE VIZIER AL MUHALLABI.

JJ J i jI 3 3,

I w< Hi Hi i<a

£>> 3

s.,.Jy«J' O^
^
^.^gl *.;.^ ^ >«5l». ^ JUjj ^>J 4JJI JU^ ^ vOSJ^Ih'

^LaJI Ja^l ^1 J^ A^3 ^^A^'^ >«rA>'.><»-b .^^>^3

1. j^UcJt J*^ C>:> >«aWJ ^^*s secretary to the Buwaihid

(Buyid) 4zz al Daulah, and is celebrated as a writer of
rhetorical epistles (died was not a Moslem, but
994 a.d.). He
a ^abian, i.e. one of the Hellenistic pagans of Harr4n in
JVIesopotamia (see Prof. Browne's Literary History of Persia,
I. 302—306).

iViVi' ^jyi (died 963 A.D.).

2. Metre Ju>b;jl, §606.

5. Text om. j>,»o> «^

7. j-pJLjjJl duy) ^ ju«-».l, a Buwaihid prince who
reigned with the title of Mu'izz al Daulah (932—967 A.D.).

LHA., 266.
3 0^

The Leiden MS. reads aJ ajjIj^ jJs- C>^3'

 Ox 9 O xOx C X Ox 02 X Ox

»IJ xlxOf OJ JOt

ft OjjjOx J

ij^l^t j^^Jl^ \^^c^^ ^J^•xi jj-oCL^J aJJu dUJI Sl^Jj Sl^sJ

X C ul wl Oft
**^ O^W ^J **-^ V^ W^'^^^ ^^ •^^ L5^J^' J*^
aJ w-::£» aJU. Jib O^

»»iA»»l^ 5a»J J Oxx 0.^ J t J ft Ox

^ x0<0 xOxxO Ox XX Oi2a> a^ J O/O xwi^J Ox

W
J^j^S jSjc-
OxOx
dJ^^ jj^ _JL^ <^^<k-'^ aJU&j u^j^
ftOxMlJ
Ue-'^ loJ

Ana xxOj Oft ftp ft

b JU ^JU loJLi <)uJLp »J*-J»^ O' >*' ^W*^' O^-*^' !/*

Oi J ul wi

^iXjlij ^V^^^*^ C-Jl£» jJj ir^j-^ ^^li^ ^^5-^*-^ j^^

Oj ul Ojtfx u)xx U Off*

15 Lj JUi ^j>a3 j3j-^^3 ^J^ ^o*^W ^>*^ L5^!-5

15*^^^-^

ulft xj Jx ii< ^OJ Oft ^Ox

CH3 '^ Aj*^ j^y^' ^^ -^^; o!j 'j^ ^»*>»^'i *^J^

^Qa*iW *^J^
*£
J^ 15^ J^
ftxo
*iJ^ 'l?!
^'> ^3 ^ jxOft
S)I

3. Text: JUlft oWtjij.

9. Metre Jua^\, § 621.

11. aaa^qJI agrees with »-UjJl (spears) understood.

 I»1

J-J5J! i-o-U ^^)L1JI

^J # dju^l^ j-^p' QnUa.,! ^)

J'^^ L5^^ ***d^ ,jL»lj^ ^1 ijyc\^\

C^^ ^^^ 0>*^'

*Jjl Ai^ iijJb J^33 Ai'NlaJI 0>«^' L5^J ^^ *15^

1. Metre JlobJt, §606. The last foot of the first

hemistich is shortened to ^ ^^ -, and of the second to .

2. *J1 ,£)^iLi». jUfc««j appears to mean, "whereas the

passing of (a person of) your eminence is not accidental." I
am not sure, however, that this translation can be justified.
The Leiden MS. and Aghdni (12, 7, 1. 28) read jjj jl*^^.
Text: jJuL^. "~
3.

7.
i^j-**^ jjljLw, in the Jibai province of Persia, near

Kirm&n.shah. ^j...^, the Arabic form of the Persian j^j^**^

(Chosroes), is used as the title of the S^sanian kings of Persia

and in particular of Khusrau Niishirwan (531 — 57^ a.d.).

'^\ AJUb ^'L, " I beseech thee to..." Wright, 11. 339 d.

8. j^^\ IJub, his contest with his brother, al 'Amtn, for

the Caliphate.
 I .c
OS^^t ^^ ot ' J 90

>^L^'^t O^i jV ^^>>^-***-(^ # A-j5.^£w6 ^IxoJt OU^Jj op

# ija^n iuaJs 'N) ^i^r Oj

J ^oj oox> ^ o5^j ojj^oj^ojo 5^ ^ a ^ ^

3^
Ja.^j <Ufifc.j
,^y^
^ ^ ^

j^ J^3 3Jko^
^

^ ^0
>o.^^A£» Jj-U tjA

1. This verse is omitted in the text, but occurs in the

Leiden MS.
xO-» ^ 5 ^
2. «Jt jJbuoJI Ol3U5j ^li, i.e., eminence is exposed to
destruction.
^ ^ J
iJI OUji^I*-^, i.e., with the venom of serpents.

4. Metre L^\, § 615.

iUtjJI for iSU\jJ\.

Text: O-:!^' Aa>.,;,tfij.

6. jJblb ^ 4jljt juft, governor of Khorasan for the

Caliph al Ma'mun.
isjjb. See note on 73, 4.

7. AJLfcg 15^ > "so he drew up his leg to his thigh (and

alighted from his horse)."

U JUd aZoJU Jljj3 j^_5?>aH CH J-***- J«^^ J**:* **^

*^)UiJ}t djutjld ^^ W jju C^j^»>t ^

jJU^ »^j-b J£» l^ jAjJI j^^J^ # Ajjkb ^yjd\ Jp ,^^ >»yj

ju*^b U^L».t rt,^;.6 # LJCJt _9 ijJii^ ^t^^Jl V^*. Otj

#jiJUfc- Jb U cJJ ^1 Jj--J

jJU. ^ j^j^o^ JU U jl .OXfrJt o-«

1. j^L^^II J^ tr*^'*:!'^^
'^ proverb (Freytag, Arahum
Proverhia^ vol. i. p. 94) originally applied to a she-camel
"Taming before milking," i.e., you must make friends {or
become familiar) with a man before you can induce him to
do you a service (or, as in this case, before you can rightly
estimate his ability).
3. Text: ^ jl.

^on of Yahya ibn Khalid, put to

4. .a-g^.j ^^ j'''^^)
death by the Caliph Harun al Rashid.
6. Metre J^^l, §611.
Text: iXjJbl^. According to Aghdni, 12, 9, 1. 17 sqq.,
where these verses are cited, 'attabi was married to a woman
of the tribe of Bahilah.
9. Text: U^JSjud ,^^1*^1. "The Commander of the
Faithful has choked me (with grief), as he choked them with
at f J
sharp swords." For the use of ^JaJLc as an infinitive see
Wright, I. 129 D— 130 a.
 ^ e-OiO, , ^W^ i » ^ ^ 3 3 3

^ ^ s,o ^ C ,o ^Si ^ ^O-o ^ X 0^ £ ^ JP

Jiil ,>.^ J>^b J^^^^ <y AyJJ^^ vls».U? O^^

5 ,>..»*. jA*)t ,>.«». ';^j j^^^oJ 0-* J>*^ vj*''-? >?jj>*^b
i ^ ^ S,

15^ W:! *^J 0^3 *^W ,^,5^ jJli. ^ l,^t>**T! <*-P^J i^J^^^J*^

3 ^ f. , 3 -^ 3 ^ ^ Oi ^ ^ ^0 0,- Of ii i

Ajii^j
j^^ p|yb'N)t JJblj *Lijt lauL. JUi Ujt djisLCj d-^U ^v
e^ ^oj ^jo^ lij 3<M J , t

1. Metre iu-»Jl, § 615.

.oi
Leiden MS. C^ for Oji^l.
JO
2. ^^JU^
J

^ ^
3j-o^> ^^® famous poet and warrior who
belonged to the tribe of Taghlib.
3. Text and Leiden MS. a,^^j\ .

«Jt djujj L».. Rabi*ah and Mudar, sons of Nizar (see

note on 26, 2) comprise among their descendants all the
North Arabian tribes. " The two clans of Rabi'ah " are the
Banu Bakr and the Banu Taghlib, who fought against each
other in the War of Basus. LBA,, 55 sqq.
7. jJl». ^ ' * '

i«J*^» *^^ Barmecide. LHA., 259.

8. Leiden MS. ^^^Ji for j^^.

^03
10. Leiden MS. ot Juot for oUiay.c.
 I . r

i , , J J yt i J , ^ » 6 3 6 3 ^ ^ , ^

^.^LLj
3
I3! «-L-flJb
<ti lO

j^iUj
3
#
9
^>
St

v>v-^
'•'ii"
"^^^i oU.U.> 5
jo^ ^ ^ »ii 33 3^ ^ 3 ^ "t/, ^i"

^jJJL^I ^Xfc..ft^ Csaw-ot ,^^ Ov«-* (^>*' cu£> Jld J^cJ

^^w 5^...^ 4JU ^^^-^ ^^^^i)^ ^LLoj aJ j-«ij

XVII. AL 'ATTAB!.
¥l ^ 30 3 ^ ^ ,' w»<^

4. ^li. Wright, I. 266 c.

13. ^-jIIjUI, poet and rhetorician (died about 825 a.d.).

He was (ievoted to the Barmecides.

14. Text: ju^fl for jju^.

 I I

aJI jU»I^ ^j.^^\ j-woI L) djuk *iLttJ Jld 4-«^)i bt ^^^jJ

c ^ '

^t j-ob j-j^^b jUaj ^ cM^W ^'-^ >»^ C)-« J^ *J^

5 J^j^ jljJI ^>a*-o ^^v^ Oj»A.I Oj-iJ UJi ^lU 'iLfrj

^<rA;> 0^)T AJUjl lyjJ

^3 4j Jc».l9 l£h.U 4^*^3 bt U*£d j^S ^^o^^ 0^3

3 JJJI ,.,^30 j^ o^ ^^ ^WJ^^ ^^^J:» Jj/

« »
10 bJ ».L« ^l».jJl jj-o iX...^
L^bj *J^ O-* *^'^^ >^'

ft J J ^ i

15 ^^"^^
L5*Vo^' L5^' ^' ^5^*^ <3j-53 ^b*V

2. '^U?. Cf. note on 86, 12.

5. ^o^yj^J.^ Ojk».t, "it occupied, leaving no room for

them,...." Wright, ii. 172 a.

7. Text: ^y^^^-
13. ^jl ^ /jjf. Wright, II. 46 D.

16. Metre ^t^t, §607.

" f> ' t '^

gUj-o j^>^l , i.e., " have you imprisoned me on account of

"
my drinking wine %
 XVI. ABU DULAMAH.

^^j^ \jb\^ 9m^i^\ Lo^ J?aAw ^^>4 4J0UJA. Jaua».j ,Jjt».^

oc J ^ J

O.JX» ^0^ JJO^

^^ Si JO J xO>e i J

«« ^ j< 6 i joi m> Zi ,0 X

^ tjlC ^^JJI U^ A^NJ^ bl AJUI3 Cs*,...<fc.t j^J^-oJI Jl5

9 d • J

CJL5 ^oJU J13 tjJtw ly^

J ^«S^ -^ ^ e ^ il itj^o^o^\^

1. 4-«'^3
Lf^*^-
^^^ Dulamah was a negro who, as
court jester, enjoyed the favour of the 'abbasid Caliphs al
Saff&h, al Mansur, and al Mahdi.
4. 4JLfr is here equivalent to 4^ or to aAs- J^a-jJI ^>ft.
5. Metre iu--Jt, § 615.

10. Metreytyi, ^607.

^LqaJ, a legendary sage, mentioned in the Koran. The

Arabic version of Esop's Fables is ascribed to him.
 ^1

OJ^ J-A*^! cA«<J %.CUh. 4Jt

J ^ ^ ^ 6^ ^ 0' > i^ J^ J ,

^juA».^ w^fc-Ltf ^J^*^ C-Jlj # AJ^aiiJ ^1 j**ij-iJ Lo w-^^Lo UJ

^jLJ wol^j >K * * ^Ua \a^9^ SjU^ woUi C^yafc.j ^

CJ^^j rC^a^ i t^ ^jJKaJt 4juU3t CU».l^ jj ^uLa.*^!

JLjjJ ^Ut j^tj U ^v L^b ^^5 »5)L^1 ^^^:^ .iJLi

pb^.M> (J^ 4J Oj^ L5^^ ^^UtaoJt Ju^ <^ia>.^'^ ^y^ C>«^

3. Metre Jj^LjI, §611.

dcb.l». ^3^, "oh, the man with a desire!" Wright,
II. 2'l7 c.

4. Text: JJU-j.

6. ^oJL^ ^>j A*;;^- See note on 37, 3.

8. S^Lo. Sawah lies between al Raiy (near Teheran)

and Hamadhan (the ancient Ecbatana).
9. ijjJt^\ ajbUt. The term 2Ju\J (LHA., 121, n. 2) is

applied to several Arabian poets. Al Nabighah al Ja'di was

born in the time of Paganism and lived to a great age.
g2
 J ^ i Oil ^ r*' *'

Uj^a^J Uw ,jljk-oA v>«>5lj^ # jjt ^3 w^l--i)l O^J s-****^'

U;5A^ jj>a^5 j^3 ,^ ^>a^ W

J J xOa> WxJ J X ^Ox OxO<«»x 0,t

UjjjJ j-wl^jaiJt OLii 0>t^ * ^^1)3 LT^ ^>oJ' ^U^ ^J^
S- Hi

Jj^U- ^>« 4jt; U j^jXJ b JUd U^l ^^ OJI j^^I».

/Jl J--jli ^313;^ ^jt Ja.3 j^lj U /,j^*^t Ij-ll CJU5

ty^^j <3U tjjL^li 4J3^j
L5^^ J^^ /^^ ^ >«^ ^' *^>*0

'^j-'^3 L^J^ ^"j*^^ »^- U-^ ^j^^ O^ ^JJ c ;Jaa^ 10

1. This and the next three verses are wanting in Noldeke's

text. It may be doubted whether they formed part of the
original poem.

Text: UUi.
2. UJ^^ tk^. Wright, ii. 128 c, d.

3. ^tjifc [.t . Najran is a mountainous district in al Yaman.

4. Text: Ubjyus.
6. •Jl LJjt, i.e., "I ran the risk of death to see Laila,

who was attended by her women."

1 2. ni)ji 4JU, " how eloquent thou art !

" See note on 1 1
, 2.
 ULJ jyj^i sij^t UjIj u o^^ W^j*' ^ '^^^ d-j^A 0-*

5 ^Uo^ J*>-^ \^3>3 L5"^ ^ WNo^ aJ^-'^^ ^J u' Vj

rjLaj^\ wolch. (^ (^J^^ Vt:^^ ^ ^i 3^ ^^-^i ^^..L.J C.S10JLJ

Ajjkwli 4j^ ^5 djli U ,,>uu UjjuiJt j^JLJ ^1 V J^ ^

3 i 3 •' ^OtO X Ox^ 6 , ,6 ^, y^O^ i 03 3 03^

'j ^ ^ OiO m3 OtO X <» 5<-^ O/" «>« ^ -• ^

5. Metre Ji^\, §611.

8. Noldeke gives a fuller version of this poem in his
Delectus, p. 5 seq.
3 >0 r, 5 ^ ^
10. ^W \^^\ iUi L5^' make a vow '"'^ to perform

the sacrifice (at Mecca) if her husband...."

13. Text: U lyJ i^^^ and Uj-jjj ^b.
T. A. III. G
 11

u^^ y^ ^:•^^ y9i/^^j^^3 4^lah.<ot d^^j djuP^ oL*>^ ^^

^t^ ^ A^il Ojl^l^ VyJI jUrli Ajjl*. c-JlIi it ^<,;^«^

Utju« >t;l ,>-« ly^ y^OJU # 4^U JUaPt AJiJt

^J 9-U»».t
.!

^JO^ i!l/0uix ^ tO Si ^ j ^ j j ,m ^ i

^^ ^ ^ Oi ^ a^^ f ^ f Oi J iM ^ Oto ^^ ,

5<» ^ ^0^ ,. w <«

UUj SUJuJI >a tit ^•^^ # lyj ^^JJI gUdt pljjt yju> Uli^

tAtji JjJJt J-5 lyJ ji^t # A*jj^^ O^^ 9.U»AJt *^,-j lit

^ ^ jj ^ oi *w s J ^ ^ i ^i

vJi^ijJtjl dJuP ^>^ ^U-aJI JUi Uj^l j^y^ wOl ^^^^fc.

1. Text: sj^ Sj^Mft for aJUI jL^ft. The Leiden MS.

reads 4JUI ju^.
8. Metre Ji^l, §611.
9. Text: JJUu 'n) and ijl.
11. Var. \jb\jut for UUj, i.e., ''gives it to drink (of the
blood of his foe)."
13. ljblj«^ jjj^JLfc^, "milk it to the last drop," i.e.,

slaughter their enemies to the last man. The suffix in \k\j^

refers to
 0^3 0^3^ ^ (^^^ *:•>* 0,>^ *-*!J^ Ohj^ ^ J*-*^

,jl£» U aX}\^ cJUi ioU. Jo^)t JjU wJjUJI CjU.

^3 ijUU. aJ
^ o^ *^i '0^ ^W^ "^3 'Wj^

5 ^ ^>,..C A.o£- Jld U^ 4^j ^3^1 ^J^ ^.^t^ ' rUa>.') <^JL3l

JUJ33I

j-bLoiJI ^IojOIvo^3I j-U tj-^o3 # *^U^ ^i^3 U|.». t^j^U jJU

£3-^3 'pli^t ^j3 (j-o aAJIj 33^1 ^^^J Lj

obj-* V J^**

^l£» jjl^ 4^^ oU j^ AJUI^i '<.lj^N)t ajLo^3 'pUuJI

j^^Xc *£U^i pU-^I a£=>^^\ aJCJj ^^Ijl^Ij w>*^' OW*^ O"*

0-* («H^ (^' ^^-^ >»J Sjtj^ 4««^ Jj.33 a^JaUJI Jt^ft-i

15 Ayft. ,j-« AAj^t j^t ^o^C^ j^,5'^ O^ *^b J^ Jt;A^

aJaUJI \^^>^ Jti^^\ Jai*-^' P3^^ (,.5^ .Af^^*^"^ ^3^

5. Leiden MS.
9 0^ 1 ^
a^ ^^ J15 and om. Jui^il ^ ^Im^.
7. ^^ AJUi. See note on 11, 2.

8. Text': '^LrJI.
* " •'

15. JtjA^, the tribe to which Taubah belonged.

16. aJUUJI ^^^>3 >»^W1- Wright, 11. 75.
 XV. LAILA AL 'AKHYALIYAH.

Ol^ V^'3 O^W lU^>^' ,^^'5 '-r>^' ^"^IH ^

^£jL9 u^ ajlj

* \,S^ ^*^ '-^^ ^'-^^J vJ^ -^ L5^

Si lO Of- yJ*J^ w<'JO<' 0<» J ^

xO-- --^JOJ i 3 1 J J ^ ^ > * ^ ^ *

dl^ j-j^ ^^J-J dbjiJ *^y^5 * aJLxJ Lo-j-«3 '^ 'j*^;^^ cH^ 10

1. ^1 JUj^. Laila al 'Akhyaliyah was a poetess famed

for the elegies in which she bewailed the death of her lover,
Taubah ibn al Huraaiyir, who was slain in a tribal feud. She
died in 707 a.d.

j^^^^^ \LH Obj-*- ^®® ^^^® ^^^ ^'^j 10-

4. Text: l.i,la^1.

Text: vj-ai^' vW ^H O-d^ ^J>.^.j ; Leiden MS. v>!J^

7. Metre Jj^t, §611. Leiden MS. UJ o^^-

8. Text: ^JLt for ^JU*, which is the reading of the
Leiden MS. For the construction see Wright, 11. 70.

9. Text: wU j£>.

10. dUjJU *^>o5, "to make fast his ties of relationship,"

i.e., to help his kinsfolk.

 ij^U*© ^ Jujj sIUU aCU ^ j^3 jjjl 4JuU^ *^)^!J--'

jau j^ Ujj^ ^J^ 15-^**!^ ^J^>JW UJ^ !^^ '^j

^Ul Jict ^>« ,^^ ftJt'jJ' **J ,.,.»^li L5^^ J^IJ^ l5*H^

J ^ o» f ^ ^oi , , i xo£

S0.XX C> i ^i-

««'

^J^M 4JuU c^ tJ^A ^>^^t j.^t U JUi 4iuU W.W.J

J - * 5

10 J>*J^ i^JJ' 4.5uU w^^ b

w X xuiJxxO£o£>.x X

ly^ 4j^ ^^1 ^^^v^l j^j^^ ^j^ ^^^

J X Ox J jx wj J X ojj Ox J Jx J X Ox X e-

15 JUi 4j aJ Uj-«I U J^jjt j^l c-Xo^t Ja j,oj b JU5

i ^ 3 OhIx J X .g JOw£
tjjbj U^lcb« AJ <Ua^ JUi ^jJi U/^3 aAjU <up a3j^\
Ox OJ J OxjxOc^

1. AjjU-d ^ ^ij^j second Umaiyad Caliph (680

683 A. D.).

2. j^-tfu^Jt jMe^ ^t, second 'abbasid Caliph (754

775 A.D.). ^j^- See note on 46, 1.

10. cJjl, "quoting the whole verse."

14. Leiden MS. w«w)jLaJt ^}j^.
 JUd jUI Wwj-J j-O AJt
J^5^ <*-iJ3
^V ^J*^ O^J
J Ml - J J t

^ ^ i Ox

;5xo^ox.> ^ oiwx
a*jxfc.jJI ^^ J^J^A ^J^ OW»^ >^ <*-*-^ >JJ^'
LT*** ^-^'^
Ox J «J C P ft

xOx
w
UJ^
J I
J)A-t ^^
^ 0^
jtjjt ju^ ^JJ
xf
jk».t ^»JLb ^t
p
^ AaiJLb
' OtS jo2 oxx lxo£ ft

aJI t^aa^ ^0^^ Jo*jJI jJk^ J-|J»J' aI^)A- A-rftj Ji^t t^^ij' 10

1. Text: Ub^; Leiden MS. Uj^.

jUI C^, the Magian fire-temple.
2. Text: J>*5t.
tjuJI stands for ^judt, which is the reading of the
Leiden MS.
3. U^? equivalent to lo-»*^^o^'«
J ^ i
4. c^^^*^!, a poet of the Umaiyad period (died about
720A.D.).
^ Oft

5. ^jtcu*^l, i.e., he belonged to the Arabs of Medina

who were called al 'Ansar, " the Helpers " of the Prophet.
fi X X
6. ^«->»-jJ' J^yi- 'asim was slain at al Raji', a fountain in

the territory of Hudhail to the south of Mecca. Cf. Ibn

Hisham, p. 638.
J I ^ ^
9. jk^) jiyj . The Moslems were defeated by the Quraish
at 'Uhud near Medina in 624 a.d.
 « -> , , ,b

XIV. IBN AL MUQAFFA*.

^^^ Ipsfc "w^ ^1^9^ djUiaL-«

vJ'^^J^ 6j.^^fr> Oli^Lcuc djj

'N) dUjjl j^JJt JUi jjt^l J^ '^ ^ aJ

J*5j jj»-UI J^
^ t o's. i

JUi ^ov-a*J dj^».lj dUyt •N) ""^ja^ V^J^b L5^ia!*T!

Ox xOx P 0x0 xO^ X

# A^j ^^ft. jtfj.1 y,\ it ^^^i;:j Li
3 J J J it- ^

4. itlLoJl Ch', properly called R6zbih, a Zoroastrian

converted to Islam but suspected of clinging secretly to his
former religion, author of the Arabic version of the Fables of
Bidpai which is generally known as the Book of Kalila and
Dimna. He was'put to death about 760 a.d.
!5 J
5. Leiden MS. l^aJU for Ipai.rw «.

8. Metre
X
Si^^^
xO X
§611. ^
9. d-Jirj J^».. The art of poetical composition is often
compared to weaving.
iulwji ^Jmo, "one of those who have skill in it." ^j^ is
<> X X X
originally " one skilled in horsemanship."
C-oi^-.

4^
J
Oj^3
c^ju0
U

13 1
aJUIj

U
CJ^^
<xJ^)U
Ut3 JULJI

j^**-i^
jJUt

if
jup J15 A^«

*N)y^

V^j^
tjjb

J^^
(^
^j^^W
,.,,-.«j^t

s-'^a^xt
1x5

^
*^*io Ui
iL:,

Uw

JU5 j«-i*Jt w*^' LT^ **:!j^ ^ J*^ J»"J '*-**^^

u^^ Vi>*' J>*^

f J Of 'f^ J Oi ,a f i i 0/0 w ^

j^ V>i::, ^-Nb -N)

31 # J^^l ^3U^ J^^.»-3I j^
^15 Jlil UJ^ Jjkaj-U c/tf'j'^t ^ 3A tili AAJjJs JaJi

8. Metre J-oUJI, §606.

9. sJt JyoMmi) ^-»., the beginning of a poem by Imra'

al Qais.
>£ 4« Of ,0

jjjt, var. JJjUI.

13. The oi^^ary construction is ^jJaj JxjJ, the verb

being used impersonally.

14. dXLftS. For the accusative see Wright, 11. 298 d.

 <0 Mi vt ,0 , i- ot ul

Ox J J itt J }

J o^J
0;^3 31 JUJt *iUj
,^^ i^J^^ 15A ^^f^ AjJLc Owli

«.o--J ^^J^' JaI ,j-« ^^ ^jl OjjU^ ^>« J>*^ L^

tj;:r...>.< aJLJ j.^ ^ ^^ij*!^ ^^-''i V:» wAxwj 1^^)1*3 UgU^

A ^Cfci .« w^APtj.5 ^jirfAfJ ^^ Ia»Lc ^^^ L5^^ ^MW wiS.j

10 j>.*S jjj aJ^ w^j-ili ,^'jJI 5i-X« J^^l j3 ^^\ tiji

<A^JLf CotJLbl ^a»^l Jm^I UoJii 4^ y8 ^JJi <3ubC« oLi

lyj s::JLid j^j'^aJJ A^ 05Pj^ Ajup^ ^V ^ '^^

LoJii iJl tt-» ^a^tj ajjUJI djjb i^-jji AcLJI jciJLUit

* "i 3 ,»

1^ cJlii tj^jk^ A^li 4j;:^j.».j vW^' c<oh..»53 c*|jj l^ Oplck.

Oli *^ L5V^ ^J^^' *J^ *^ J^»- A^J^ chW "^ '''J

< 3 3, ^ e- ^ y Si wj 0^ , , ,
<u JslJ^ sJ't^^ djc».t3 J:jbj^ ^\ U^ji V^^^^f ^''•fr^
OJ OJ ^o£ 3I

.<*

O X J » X J
1. u^^3 ^^f famous Arab singers who lived in the
first century of IsRm.
 AA

4JU Ot3 y8 lu^ U}». djOfr ^iili Ob>^ O^ ^iXX^\ ju^ 5

iut -^ ,iAJUJI ju^ JUi pUJ! I^j^IJJ 31 dj^ jV

^^5 ^ ^ ot ^ ^ i J J J ^ y oi ^
S^j^iJi A^JJb\^ ^j*M <l».jA.t3 Zi^j^ <ULO^t U eUxJt

4iJt jujU i^Ji^ ^-O^t^ O^Lf <iJUt Juf^ »V?^ ^^A^l^

* J

0^ Jmi^jix, oc o£o«<
O^.CU
w
^JL^ «^3/i) ^ 4.;..,.^l ^'^IbJI v>^^ ^•>>»-^ jJC^t

7. AAo^t U, " how debasing it is !

" Wright, i. 98 c.
 AV

AjjUJI C-Oj^ ^^ Vj«^3 J^>J ^J^ C-JJtf Uj-©l5

i^^^'

^j^ IAj-« ^i^J»oJ'

jAjJt li<Uj jJj-AJ j^-*-*- "^

J-^^^ v»^^3 Jlo^3t U-o

JO^ ^ Oi ^ ^ i- ,( 3 3 be- ^^
«!<

10 jj^J tju ^\ j^> ^"^ U # I jut Uo^^t U aJUIj

A-dfr Li,*^
i^*^' >»• L5^^ '*^Wv'^' J^' j^5^ ^^ >o-^ J*^
»l J JO
<9U^j.&rJ 4Jt C^Ui <lJl». U ^jia3t 4M)jlaJiJ JuJ^ JUi
,j-wo^) j-w«t Lj <u5ot •N) CJ15 AJut l^J JUi c-s-rf ^A !3U

4. Metre Jj>Ejt, §611. These verses are ascribed to a

Pre-islamic poet, al Muraqqish al Akbar (Aghdni, 10, 128,
penult.).

jjto*^) probably to be identified with ^t;*^l ^UaJ, a

valley situated between Mecca and al Ta'if.

5. l»>j^. The poet addresses his two companions. Cf.

note on 26, 9.

9. Metre J^UCJI, § 606. Here the last foot of each

hemistich is shortened to w/ v» - or .
o-o ^^j ^>i *»-^ j^*^ J^ J*^^ J'^j' ^'^j W*^ ^

,^^L> ^1 j^t ^j^ ^1^5 Old JUi Jjtit yj.^^\ j-wol

^iJUjI
^ j^t jjl*^ ^^)l j^ iij^aJt J^3 Uju»*l
j^
^J^k*.UjJt s^^J^^AJ U^ ^ Ujocfci t^jJui ^UJaj U^ ^ 10

^JUdi J15 Ji^ sIU^ JUjjl AJ^)Lo ju>t Ji^ wot^^ wJtJIj

^^ Site ,0^ i J 0^ ,, a ^ ei

4. ii'NlLi, diptote. Wright, i. 241 d.

6. dLJLft U^, for (^b 0"«) ^'^J> O^ -M* ^^> "thou

hast nothing to fear."
7. jiji o-«- Wright, II. 136 c, d.

12. Uj.«U, a polite substitute for Uj-«.

13. Metre iu^l, §615.

, , . ot
*J! Jti-oj ^1, i.e., unless I die of love. Wright, 11. 33.
 AC

XIII. PERSONS WHO DIED OR FAINTED ON

HEARING A SONG.

jl3tw*N)l Ojj^ O!/*^' Olj.5 Lj^' ^fryX-oit^ *iU^ ^^^JLo^l^

^ Ojk^li JLt^t juft ^ juj^ Juf Cot93.5 4»ojjOt w-s-eLuj

^t 4j)j3 »*U Lot ^a^3 ^^ Ol3 ly3 JUi aJLj «^la*^

JO 0^ X ii o^^o£

aJI ^^^j».Ij.»^ i>»*-aj 0'3 ><r*t;> ^*^' ^j-^ v<n-^ J»-J J^

Out fr C £^0j

15^3 J^«H3 J^ A».l». jJ U ^>,j^^l j-^t U JUi

5. *jXJL^I juft ^ •
J>-!j^)
-
-
ninth Umaiyad Caliph (720
^ ^
724A.D.).
7. Text: ^...a, * for ' " '
 '*' "* •* '
' -

.». ^c-^^ j.C£» ^ju^ ^^l

^o^a>J^ jJtijt OU^^ v>« u^-i^ ^

j^ ^ i i ^ , , * i * '

« a A> 3 3
^jjui^ jAjJi J>l9^ o^P' ^r^
^t JUi 4jL».j «t)jia^ J'^^^ tjujL^ LijJd 4^^U^ V>^

\^'^\ ^^! 1,^^^ >»^-^ *>^' 9--j-?J '^ J^3 >»^* vffJ ^3^
^J-0 w>^ aSU^ jUj> \^^\ 6j.Lju jAX^ ^\ jJI W'OUJ

^1^1 Sj-ic^ jUj3 oUb ^ov^ J>»-J J^ j^l^ «<^Wj l^''^

Mu'allaqan of Zuhair ibn Abi Sulma {LHA., 116—119).

^\ j*i^' ^' O-*^ "^^ there any silent trace of Umm

'Aufa's habitation...?" ^-ijl ^1 was the poet's wife, from
»t i J ^ 3i^^ 3
whom he had separated. f^b^' ^U^^ and ^oJU^t are
place-names.
7. Metre 1*^1, §615.
 Ar
uJ ml w< ' vi wJJ £ ml ^

^13 yb3 4iJI j^ dplj.5 aj^U^ «-<^w Jw;JJI j^I ,j-« O^

Jjl AjjU-o Oi ^ JtJ^W OMu jV-^W '^y-* LS^5^ fe'^>A

5 juP J»«it ,J-o jJaJli w-.A3t 7ri'>^ «sLo^UJ JUi aIJ Ot3
^2>*o ^}^ jsX9\3 dj-ja-li w*aJJ aJI ^^^ja^ <>/-*» '3 aJJ'

Aj^la^ JI3 ^'^U j_;JLa-« Jli IJJ8 ,j-o j,^-Jjj*-« JUi aXJI

^jM^amy^ J15 tjjk y^^ j_^;*Mla»*-o

J15 ^ uJ
,

A*mAa»^ ^3t
i
^t-Bf-j-f
^ i
dj-«
J

iS^^*^ ^^J ^^^J^^-6 JU t^A j>^ j,^*»Xa—« JUi Jo-j

dj-«U ^ .X^i
J 9-0 JU 9^yc 0^3 dkSt^yo ^W «Jfc.j-Ji dj^

|V^' 3b Aj^lx^ a) JUi «l*-33^ ^Jl ^to-ji J-AAa- O^t

W uJ >> J Ml

1. o-^J' *«*J^ O-^' ^^- ^^^-^ 72 and 119, n. 1.

3. o^» "in place of."

9. The verb j-ot is sometimes followed by the imperfect

instead of ^t and the subjunctive. Cf. Kor., 39, 64, and
infra, p. 86, 1. 12 and p. 87, 1. 8.

16. Metre Jj^UI, § 611. This is the opening verse of the

p2
 AT
£ 0^

^
0/0 J ^
IjUjTj # ^^
- J X

</ isu # >-v4-f ^i

^Ixlfljl ^JS. dju j.>iu5 j^_5^^ djU^ ^:»J^«-« w-o^^li Jl5

^ 4JLJI jcjt oJ JUi

^

bjJ*
^x ^ o£

u^j*^t ^^j"^
o

^j-^ ^J'*^3
JW^J 0>^ JOJ IX

o ^1 ^c ,, o^ oi. J

o£ ,x

'
o£ ^ .
Ajpli >&LUL» ajjU^ jJlft /Ate. jj>j aJJI ju£ ^jcS^ Jli
'
i - g

Ot3 c--g,o.....^ A^^U^ ^^jj ^^ v^^^ ^U».U ^3 l9Ui 10

4^^bc« ^t Opla».i >AA»- O-:^

<^t Ju£ Ju^ EU^ 4JLJ

^0 ' ^ i J

^ ^^ ^oc ^ 0^
31.0 9 3u^^3UC »U^ ^iL«^». jb ig9 4j:jptj <iLo33 ^t»a*J

jujt i\s5 \i^ ^N) jii AJLJI3 ji5^ Ajjiij A%*. iLii

1. jU w>;. He describes the love in his heart as a

blazing fire. This verse has been imitated by a Moorish poet
of the 11th century (Dozy, Supplement aux dictionnaires
arabes under jJJb) :

0/0^ X o«> ^ ui <0 J Ox e^e^ j^o^ ^ ot 0^

2. IjGj, the zone or girdle (^wvapiov) worn by Zoroastrians

and Christians.
10. Text: Al»y.
 J^li p\jJd\ cU-**' >A«»> CH <^^ ^f^ {.j^ v^e^J 3lj^^ju«

jlju SJU j-oi A-jji^l Jj^i Ick-U. *iiJ3 0-« UU Aj^U^

^Iw «^^ J^^j' 15^ ^^ dJuP 5t.iO^ J^»- O-^ <^' ^^^

5^15 4jJt juP t^li Lflul djtju j-o J^JJI jji-i o-o Oj-oJt

^j s^jA^ j^ <UJ jL»a>Jt JUi <ij»tji «..»I.>m3 i^^^ ir'^^'^

10 0^3 ^jU^t ^j.a*J ^UJaJI j^i dju bt-et^ AjjIx-o wotj

djUjt ^L-d jj>jt ^j.». ^l*JaJt ^ dju Aj^bt* ^t-^3 UJ^

<u w*a>.y,j AJ^btc O^J *^J O^ (^5^*^ j*-»^ y..5^J

2. ^3 ^^ UU, "one year of that (period of time)."

5. JJUt jaJ o-o- Wright, II. 136 c, d.

7. J^...I_>kjU., Kor. 9, 103.

12. juj ^ ^J^j a poet and politician who was put to

death by King Nu'man III of Hirah (580—602 a.d.).

al He
was a Christian. Cf. LHA., 45—48 and 138—139.
13. Metre jujc^JI, § 620. Here the last foot of each
hemistich may be a spondee ( ).

T. A. III. P
*^ .Ant» ^h 0-* J^' J^^ '^Vj ^'jJ W^U.3 Vo^^

^ Uuoi ^> ^3 Ei^3 h%L ^j^ ji ^^uJ

^^Lj w t >. M.03 j^ibl aS'nU^ ^^^jaw J^i^ ^^j ^^^

,^5-^^^ ^) ^ji^ Ciyi-' VJ^ W ^y3 i,^ L5^ ^V

XII. 'ABDALLAH IBN JA'FAR AND THE

CALIPH MU'AWIYAH.
^^^^t J^^Ar«6 ^^ JuaUrf ^J^^ J-AXa. ^ dJJt JL^ jW^I

6. ^jjJI is a conjectural emendation. Text : jv*^t.

9. Instead of jL^^t the Leiden MS. has «i^t.

10. Text: ^jmJ\', Leiden MS. J^l.

^ ,
13. jJuuh. ,^ 4JJI juc. See note on 41, 12.

14. 0^*»*V' The province of *uman forms the south-

eastern extremity of Arabia.
 v1

^X^ ^J*j^a^ 4-L>t

C)^^3 u^*^h O^b >o*H^'3 ^La*.-^

tjJbw 4ljlU^ 1U« %<f^^ 5jlw*^l 9-<J^ v»!^^ J^^^c^ O^'***^'

Ja^^ ^ S^t^w ^ j-C« dj^i ^^JJt Ja£.^ Ut^ Uj3

^1^3 ajLmJI aJjo j^ ^Ja3 ^-;j jc*.t j^^}^ ^ 4jiJ^.;f>i

^
V^U^ ^ov^^b 0V*^)t3 XS)tj w>*Jt w^l-JC ,^Ut ^\
10 JI3 w«-«Jt w^Jltoj ^jJ«J' V^^*^ L>^ ^**^J !>***^ ^«AJ^b

^^,>.^^^t ji^t Ij JUi jujj jt w>jJa ^t ^j^\ Uj ^Xl;^

15 L5*^J-*
^'^ *!^ iU^ ^l.;.... ^ »*iU*o jLj^ ^j^j jj-« ^^t

j-jc wJ3 y ^ j^jt aj^U^ aJ JUi AJbU ,j>^ ilj.5 w>jc«

uu-t^ V^5jj ^Wb 'j^^ ^^b y ^> j,^ ^~«' 'j^

12. ^jj^ Jt. Harb was Mu'awiyah's grandfather.

16. Text: Sjjlj a^,^!^.

18. IjuA. Hind was the mother of Mu'awiyaii.

 VA

"Nljuh-I o^^U? o'jj;^' ^^ * ^^'^j'^^i 1^^' fUa^ icJ

cjU« ji^ Uj^L> wyJt ^»i.]n^ ^yi dj^3 (^jJt ^jl.;^.>rf Ut

J^5
"
'^^ ^^
^ ,
^/*- ^ v*^ wJaui. t^l
u^i ^'*^ "^h
it

j^il
^t.

AJl£» I5j^ J*--^

,

0^3 i^lwwl ^ 0<,>

jiCij
,1

^j
Si

^ji>..afc.I;

Si ^ J 0^ Hi 0^
^.ovv^j O^!/^ O-* ^^ **^>^ ^J^ *J3^*-« O' J^J^ J**V ^

j^ jV*^' A^^ **^>J ^o^ ^Lai^w ^j-JJsj O^-o^ CH» JSi-*-" >

^^JUj JUi 4^JU J^jii blcudt ly^ ^l^ ^^}»>^ O^ ws.cu5t

^* ^i i i f JO
lyj «-Uaj U ajjU^ JUi j^^jt ^«*5 La^ ^J l^jiajl JUi

^^ ^*<fc. Jlii V"^/^ ^«-^ Lasj dJUfekJ dkXtO dLa^j <3Uj 10

£^0 ^0 Ct ^ ^ ^

*^^ A^ i>ft! v^J A^' j^^ «J-i^ ^^» A^ ^>»-^ L5^*^ i^

Ml » »
wJtj loi A?^i ^^.^JxaL ,j
^'^JJt ^^ u***»- ^' C>^ cJ'~' *^-5

jU,i o< L5^'

ao.wU> o4i»Oi ^ c>^ ji»j aju .sjulj 15

^Ul ^Jk JUi S'iUJI Aj^U-o aJ JUi ic*!^ J^ ^^

1. Text: ^^Lo.
17. Text om. juj^^^ . . . aj jbuo 4j JUi. The Leiden MS.
has j.^jkj> instead of ^.,£:>JJ.

S'^UaJl. See note on 46, 9.

 vv

jJU. Ac^lL> cX:^! .sJUaftJ ^>« # aJLj c-sA*. ^>JI *iLLoj3 3I

AWJ.J 'N)j djbj ^)J Jl-o^l ^><h^ ^ U^ '^ 0^3*^

5 j^^tfuob C-^j t>^W' ^h^>J3 ^3^ C^-Jj J^-^' O>o^

Ml JO JxO£ £ P oA
JUj i^>5 O-^b -ia-o-^^ ^b cAtjJ*^' jJtiJI A^j,J^

5 WJJ J X.-XJ X
<JU5 ^j-Aii U J^3 5*^)331 jit^3 pliJdJI ^^jk^3 O^^
< wmx i i oi.

5^ x5g jot 0Jx.(}5xj O/o Ox Ox

10 '^3! J3! dljk--t LoJ J3^i ^ O-i-*-* v^^' J:J>^ ^«tjJ^

X uJ J a xO/O X X li Jx

X X X X 0/« X X X XX
^Ha^^j w-«JaaiJl (j La» ...»
O'^ 3^J

1. Metre Jl«bJt, § 606.

J xOx
>jUaft JiCw. Mercury is the planet of the scribes and is

sometimes represented as the Celestial Scribe. Abu Tammam

means to pay a high compliment to the literary talents of his
friend.
4irf <A >0 xOxk^x bi
2. ,j-Ji »iXl«j3 jt, i.e., if you had lived before Khalid's
time.
3. Text: J\^suo Ijt Lj.

10. Metre Jo^l, §611.

a X A£
*n)^I J^t, " in regular sequence."
11. Text :
j^^ Leiden MS.
; Juj. Sahbanu Wa'il of Baliilah
died in the latter half of the seventh century a.d. Daghfal
ibn Hanzalah was a celebrated genealogist contemporary with
Sahban.
 VI

j^^^J\ Ol J^ J^^ J^J ^^ ^' L5^ i^' L5^ L5^^

x^ e^ ^£ f ,, oe.

jJbUt >oi3t^ J^!P^ J-^^b J->^^^^ jLw*^)t ly^ ^lAJjt A^\

yt ^ , i ^ a ^ t. yt

UI3 oeLtfboj dJJ^-d iJLwli j^UJl ju;*^! Uli j.-oUt ^jJ'^

aJItU jAUI j-^I Utj d«:llafrj d^^ft. XwU j^'jJt j^^'

j^ d^>^^ <iU»»^ <u^li j^LJt >^i^jJ^ ^^3 ^''^^'^^ ^j^^ 5

Ai^ O^ wofrw O^^ Wv-^ aJJ' i^J wJlb ^yt ^^

j£^>^ icUJt^ A^laiJl j-S Ijj3 4-L« j^^l ^l^ tjjU. jjl

4-J*jUJI j-i jjct *s)^ j^\ J.S (>jju© dJ j^^ JUi L^ jJU. 10

<)ui
O*:*^ *^^ ^«hS* j ybj jc».t <iJt jixL) *^)
O^^

8. (jt^Ld ^j jJl^ died in the Caliphate of Abu '1

*abbas al Saffah (750—754 a.d.).

13. Metre Jj^I, §611.

15. ^Uj ^I, author of the Hamdsah (died about 850 a.d.).

^^** * favourite boon-com-

>ffv^' v>^ L5^' * P^®^ ^^'^
panion of the Caliph al Mutawakkil.
 vc

Ul U< Ml A

XI. SOME ARAB ORATORS.

ytM pmJaXSi*^ Oe\sf^ J-^*^^ J>J»"^» O^ 4j^t jJkd <l^jJ«^^

Op ^^0 e. , ft j;

aJ^ (^^'j <^' juqa^J j-^^t djuLoU djuj Juk.li *^>>^j

2. rtn.Ala>JI, followers of the Imam Abu Hanifali (died

767 A.D.)."

3. iI5CjUJ^ followers of the Imam MSlik ibn 'Anas (died

795A.D.).

a^jji. Cf. LHA., 224, n. 1.

4. ^L^ y^ ^J-ouo-^l w*».LtfJI, a celebrated vizier and

patron of letters (died 997 a. d.). See Prof. Browne's Literary
History of Persia, ii. 93 — 94.
j<j..t>a>^l, died 1143 A. D. See Huart, History of Arabic
Literature^ 167.

r^ljjjlj . . . ftfjiijl . Al Farra (died 822 a.d.) and al Sir^fi

(died 979 A.D.) were philologists of repute.

3 A
6.
.
AaJj
.
^ *
v*«^ ^i®^ about 780 a.d. The text has
dUj^\^ 0j^^[9 ^J^yZoi] L^^3 tP'^' *^^ L5*^ ^^^^

i yi Vt ^ <tt Mt <tt

^»Jbu3 ^^j-^J lyJlAl Jx^J Ai^l jlyJpt^ io^^t aijj (3^*^' ^

^^L^i^ 4jjJJL^t j-jAUmO ,J>^3 ^«V*^ A^J^ J^^^ A^^lLwNI

w^i^ ^>*i3 jb>»JW w*A^' 1,^—^^^ L5**'>* >^'-5 l5*"^'

J oi
t

1. J4^t (847—861 A.D.).

8. •>Jt Ajj,ou^t jiaa1JL« l>^^* "^^^ correct form of some

of the following names is uncertain.

11. Text: il3>^l.

12. Text: j^ ^j ^LU.
^^1, var. ^^iiJt.
Text : j^^—.aJI ^Ij and in the following line 3^1^«
U. j^^SjI ^>lilJI .^t. Z//^., 376—379.
 vr

^^n ojIj] ^9 oJiyi ^^^ ^t ^\ ^3 ^J\

^Ut S^i
trf ^ i , ^ ^ , i

^,.a ;: ^^l j^a. aS^Jt j^9 L.^^ai^-0 ^>«o^l ^^A-i ^^>J

Jj^
5 ,J>o-o*pi Jufr ouij 5^5 U^t j^^Xa,^ J^AC^ ^tj^«J j^^ j-o^li

dj^i?U^ UAj-j^J i'i^ ^1 O-^ J^o^i j^liJI^ J^ai^wl j^J

^j AjJLfr j^j^tl O' L5^'

^L*«3b w>^ AJ j-«^i v*^!' AJ*^J

S^X^ O^^J O'j'*^' C^-^^ J^A:i ^3 4jj-U ^31 jU?3 J-o^-

JJO^
J>J ^^3
*0x
l/yw
^^
^jHU^
Owl
^>a*-.Jt ^J A^Co
fi*"

J"g^g^-:! O-ij-^3
uJ <M ^ J J ^ ^ ^ i
10 OU ^J!*^ ^j,A^i3 ^^3 A^U-^t^ ^^3 J^ 4A^j>>JI

Jllj 4Ja*.^ll j^_>-« j^\ U ^v^^ Cp'>^' L5^33 ^/r'AXjtnoi\

-^ -^^

1. o^UJI (813— 833A.D.).

3. J^-i*. jj.j Ju»A.t , founder of the Hanbalite school of
law (died 855 a.d.).

4. aSjJI, on the Euphrates, opposite the battle-field of

tiffin.

It (833— 842A.D.).
11. J|jl>JI, the Caliph "Yathek" of Beckford's romance
(842— 84f A.D.).
 vr

juj^t j-d Ijuio <sUft aXJI ^--tf>; ^jidLiJl

j^l^ ^w^^l

ju^ <u;:a1I jj!^ jJ^lt ^jz9\JJ\ ^_,•.fc.li djj.^-^ j^-^y v^Js;

^^-tfUJ j^l ^IjJu ^^ w>/y3 O'^*^' \J^^^ J>A^' J^V^l L^ ^^

^^3 Jufc.1 ,>-j j-6'^)l

o^^J 01h»^' <>^^^ J^yi J«AJ ^^

10. J^wjJI, Harun al Rash id (786—809 a.d.).

11. ^-xiLiJI, founder of one of the great Moslem schools

of law (died 819 A.D.).

13. ^j JLS. Concerning the controversy as to

H fc o
whether the Koran was created or not cf. LHA.^ 367 369. —
 ^ , ^, xa Of. ^ , , w
j^ ^j>j^\ 0/i«.».tj Ot^^*^t CotAJjt ^»> ^v^^ \^j\JJ

"*» .2'*''' ~* '.^

i i J 00^ ^w^
J 15 «ju« j^Sli 1^15 l^U?! «JJI 0>*^ C^** O^ **-*^ ^^
5 ^3 j^a^ i^J^^' tJ^ >ftJ».s ^ a)JI A^j3 ^^ jbJI ^)

oe.

X. THE MU'TAZILIYAH.

4. LX^ for ^>JL»• (energetic form of the imperative).

5. Text : d£^j^

6. Text: oW*^' <3^-

8. ^<,aLil al«'N) *.ji o-«- The^,»:lit alo's) ("the

Ode rhyming in I of the non- Arabs ") was composed by al
Tughra'i, who died about 1120 a.d. It is so called in contrast

to the ^jjOI al^^) of al Shanfara {LEA., 326). The com-

mentary, in which this passage occurs, was written by Khalil
ibn Aibak al Safadi, who died in 1363 a.d.
J ^ J '

dJpXoJt, the Rationalists of Islam. For the origin of the

name see LHA., 222 — 223. An summary of their

excellent
doctrines will be found in D. B. Macdonald's Mv^lim 27ieology.
j.jjjJt j^ dU.t A».3 LqJ <AX)t juP ^ jJU. ^>^ 4^1 ^t

^-^ O^ J^li^ A.**.Lo '>^53 d^jjb A5J|J^)I JUd ^^t

a>o ^,

^
i ui ^ J ^ ^ i )

lA^^lSli ^J^aXII 33jlaJt C^ l/a^ <Ot^t t>«->^^

w ^ ^ " 2i

j^i^tj 4{;jdt ly^ oj^:ii>::3 uHj "^'u^ ^Ui J^t 5

\^y^ ^j»^^ ^^^ L5^^ ^^-^ Wt^^ ^ij-^ Vj*^^ 'Z^\£^^

w>;««a5 «.^iA-Jb lyftl*. ^^ u****^' -^-f^ c>* ^J^>*^' C>^

b J15 J^ U a) JliJ O-^^i-oJ' feUt ^>« i«l JlS^

2. AdjIj'N)!. See note on 15, 1.

3. j^juil, " of the tribe of 'abd al Qais."

9. SgU^i Or? Isy^^' ^®® ^^' 1 *^^ ^^^-^ 2^^'

,j-wix>^l j-j^t b. The Kharijites refused to acknowledge ,

as Caliph any one whose principles did not meet with their
approval. Consequently the leader of every Kharijite sect
was the rightful Caliph in the eyes of his own followers.

12. 2LJU»w«^t^ SJL^U^Nt. In reply to the Arabs, who

claimed to be the descendants of Ishmael, it was alleged that
the non-Ai-abs, particularly the Persians, were descended
from his brother, Isaac. Cf. Goldziher, MuhammedaniacJie
Studien, i. 1 44 seq.
 11

Ulj Ait UoAd .^.iifc.'s)!

J15 JMO^)t IJ^fc ^^ ^Ji ^y^
^\ Jljl Stj^b ^l^ \.lX3 \lij.L ^\ C-sI^fj ^^
5 j-«U ^t 'J3J3 Sj.*-^ ^^tj ^jj^ j^'^^ J^*-' *^' C-^Aas

ajy\^^ 4jU».t^ AAAiAJj OJJbJ^ aCxJ ^9 KJ'^t'^^ '^^ 0"i

^ aX)\ jk-^ jut

^
<jUt
^ ^

^ O^^
t> i

^^^3•«
^a ^ J

O'^o-*-
J Zi

A.0-^

A»jJg^ O^-*^ L5^^ j-«lt a.>;.ttJ j^ ^3!/*^' w-.».Lo j-«U

IO^Ij'i aJ J-jfti JllL i^ aJUI ^!^ J-> j-«U aJ JUs

UsUi. OjJ>*^J ^l^^ 03^^*^^ ^*^ J^5 aJ 3tjJ3 ^iUXt

Uiiic C>^3 l**»Mfifc. ^It ^j| j^^Zwli UjUJ ^Jj-^^a^^

dij^lAj^ ^JLoAJ w>W^^ '^^ ^JJO dUst W'si^S U JlAi

l^nSj AJj^l *n) A^j^f N) ^A si^xllj U Ji» ^J Jlii

1. lyJlx^t. The feminine suffix refers to gtj,oj»Jt or is

equivalent to j-o*^!. Of. Noldeke, Delectus, p. 11, 1. 10.

2. •»)! ^jy>i, "I will charge myself with that number

{i.e. Ipfluj) of them, and even with what exceeds (or is more
eflfectual than) that proportion.''
14. *JI ty^S^. This story is told more fully and -with
some discrepancies in the Kdmil of al Mubarrad, p. 657,
1. 8sqq.
 , A
CO ^ yt ^ t J>

.Ifr ^ ^ »i^ <M

lyJaj^j UJji W?s^' j^' '^3 ^^^ 1^' ^y^ «!/-*J' ^^yoUffc j 5

^^b C^'^l 2;ij O^* >J "^^b ^3J ^^J O^ ^vtJI>^ ^1

^ i 6- a ii ^ J J Oi

U3 J^Jjiait SjU^3 J>-Jt A-ftld'^ I^Jai c^)^ Ijixw J.:3I

2. Prof. Margoliouth suggests that jUiJt JJjji? may be

rendered " the cook's path," i.e., the space between the guests
and the wall, or between rows of guests, through which the
cook, who sometimes acted as waiter, brought the dishes to
table.

12. •-Jl t^-**^ L^*"'? '*niy half-brother, my maternal

uncle, and my client
!

" i.e., "do you expect me to consent to

the massacre of my own kinsmen %

" ^ IJub J>ijl, or some

such words, must be supplied before .j^\.

•» •"1 . .
^^
13. *Jt C».i<.K4, "I imagine myself killed in defending

them," i.e., " I will die before I let them be killed."

 J Hi <3 ^ * y u<

J •' OS- ^ Oy a uJfr W

5 *iXJ^ >r^' O-*^ >0V«^ J-^-^ U,^;AiJ 01 jJlc ^J-j^LJI

j^ aJ lyUs 4^ j^Laj *^' •>* "^-^ ^*i^ CH

S^'^*^'

10 y^\3 IJJb y>o J15 Sjl^ Aj Oj-o l^t IJjh ^^jfft. ^j ailj

jU*. Ij*^ ^jit 5^La3t ikiJ ^) OV^*:! '^^J J^^ ^^

5. Ul iJ^, *'(they are ungrateful to us) notwithstanding

that we..."
j9^. See note on 34, 14.
6, J
7. jijMi^ O^ ^U, a traditionist of Mecca (died 717 a,d.).

12. Text: pl^ U JukU.

 11
9 J t ,^

ULocI ,j-« O-tf^ ^^t Lpjl^ ^yi^\ j^\^ »J-«*^' O^"^

^Ijbij VyjUaJ J^ u-s;*^' C>-» t^ J^ L5^ ><r«^^'^^

^ lyAlAj sjtjuj lya».r.;j 4a b^ lyj ChJ^ vd^^^b V^'^ 5

4JLLO cjut ^j ^LjjJt 5jlu© J^ oUU-fiJI^ 01^3*^1

^ ui^ Ml J ^ J ^ £ 0^ HI ^

Ol3 jV ^JjJ' Ai-Ji J^j JJ»j a5U^ j^Ij JJpj lyj

^ J it 2 ^ J oj o£ ^^ ^

w>xJU o^ ^ o^JI ^3 J'^*N)t obiii iUj'N)! ^^ 10

j^^y-Jj ly-oJUs 2"oAJj ViJ-*'^ ^.ff-^J U^l^-^ f-o*-J *iU*

9<-C 9 ' kJ ^ X

J ^ ^ ^ vi nt ^

Ui t^j^t^ OJ>^' *^^ ^ i-j

'g*' -g^ tjUwt >*3j-*J O^ *^^^
Ml Hi J ^ 0^

3. Texti^o^'N)!.

8. Text om. l^^.

Text: JUxLJI Oli.

17. iJI o^ ^ y. See note on 65, 3.
 To

J^ >o>' JJ^ 0-« -^^"^ c^;j^3 '-^^ C>-« ^<rA>*>^ 5^ ,^^

OP ^ i , i
^^JJl J^Lo^)t .iU-o ,>o >;>*i' J^^ O^ j^o^ 1^3' ^^j^t
ftp ^ ^ OP
^JJt^ siJLU \J^\ wU^ cCo^J ^a^tj ^iXJLo ^1 o^i >A

d^AJIj 3>*3l O^*^ OW **^

C^j^b J^ *-*3' AJajj^
^
^ XXX xO/O J X J X
"iUc j-^ j^l j^^ ASfcOj J^»>^ j^JJI J^^^i J>*?^'3

j^ 1^^3:!3 vft'^'^t ^5^*^ "^-^ «^I "^^"^ ^' ^^^^

ulJvajOxj Hip J

Ojx xxOj ^OP

*^)L«fc. U ^>t
X x»»
^jJ ,j^
^
iji^ld ,j^-JL»j^tj ^W*^' ^ml

Oj^
«<

xxOJ wI f a J xlO ? -i i <

3. ^1 ^JO ^ yj. The apodosis (^iS, "it would

have been sufficient," or the like) is omitted. Wright, 11. 8 c.
xO x
5. \Ju£s^^ "and how (can you claim, superiority over us
"
in regard to empire) %

6. >:>>*3t
X X
jLf^ ^ >o^. See note on 47, 15.

7. «C^j, "married to him."

14. laJloj l^yb. Hud was sent to the people of *ad,

§alih to the people of Thamud. LHA.^ 1 — 3.

Text: oyJt*-^'-
T. A. III. E
 IP

j-;aJl£9 j-j-tfu ,^^ siuLo y,') jT^y^^S ^\ u£«jJL3 ^;;[5

j^^ aJs. aJJI j^^ ^o^ Ai^ ^#^V* L^J^' s^f'^W >^J>Jt

ii J J ^ ^ i- , i
^^JJU Ja ^ai AJl ^»0 wJl5 ^t 0^j-jfc.t J>iJ^ d^U^I
A J M» ^ i Ota ^ J fr Mij^O''

SijUJt^ iiftl^Jt o-« WJ^ u^h^ ^^ ^ 6b -^ ^^^

(jyCj ^1 j^*^ 15*-^ Ja^ Sj-^UUIj dj-«»l£»'^l3 4iJlo*it^

O^lj ^^"^1 A3 O^aLl j^JJI oO^ *iJ^ jL aJ 10

JL J^^) O^ JA Jl C J4; y8 ijl^ ^JJI^ ^1^

c^j*9' JUifc. j^^J^ 1^-^^ cr*^' O-* '^^^ *^!;^ cH^-^^

^^U JlJJ^ !>! ^ Jc;^ > aJUI J^ Sji^, l^ 15

2. ajt ^5Ca> ,»l.. J ,^>atoJ^. We raise no objection to your
boasting about your ancestors (although the Prophet has
forbidden you to do so), but we controvert the arguments by
which you seek to prove that you have better grounds for
boasting than we have.
13. o^jcl)! 6^, Kor. 18, 95.

14. yjfijiy feminine as referring to JU^, § 292 (6).

15. o^Ll...lS} ^, Kor. 21, 96.

IX. THE SHU'UBIYAS AND THEIR OPPONENTS.

^^LJI^ ^^LcJI «xJlft i^*Jt J^ Uaj^sjJIft-tj o^lj Jjfc.j

^3 ^^U>l ^rir^ij i,^*--:!^ vfr^J'^i ^^^^ *3*-l Oy^^c^J'

^ ^6i vi J vie- ^uiJ J ^ ^ vti u>

w-sA>t aJUI ^J| j^Ut lyjt 4J3J ^«^!^3 <*-v«' ^r^ P^j 15*^'

0-* ^-^b ^^'^ ^^^^-^ fW'^W lA;.ai-ij 4-JjblaJt S^a*J »^^

^'OA uioo^ui.'^ vi <y 3

1. 4.*j^a-iJt, a sect who maintained that the non-Arab

Moslems were equal, if not superior, to the Moslems of Arabian
nationality. See Goldziher, Muhammedanische Studien, i.

147 sqq. ; Professor Browne's Literary History of Persia, i.

265—270; LHA., 279—280.

4. ^^U^l ^^^JL«Jo ^ju^j, "and the meanest of them
carries their covenant with him," i.e., extends protection in
the name of the whole community. Of. the phrase ^JLft j^tpt^X

^^U^l ,j>,j.oJ.»»voJl, Glossary to Tabari under j^rh..

5, obyi ^La..».. This took place in 632 A. D.

9. ^u5l...^Ci^f o!- K:or. 49, 13.

J 3 ^ ,
10. The subject of Uj^L*.!) is^ajijJI, which must be supplied
from the context.
Uajju0 U"^ Uyo j^^^JI v>**i WW J'^ *W1 L5*'l^'>^< ^^
9-j^li J15 j^ cJa5 ti^-j (^^-o-'J ^^iP!"» i^JJ' i^^lx-^b

J— J JUi JojLi^ b^jLi«« iX* a5^ liJ? 4JL0 jj-o ^1

JJaJt Ojui^U J15 J^Uxlib ^j o4^ 0"0 L5^'
'J^ J-*y

^ ^ ^ J •«

^^ wJi dj.AaJt3 J»lJAM>ft.ll

,J^ (^JJt j....afcJI OJLb IJLi

UJ9 t^jl li yb^ ^-HV J»-j ,^' «*^>j 0>^' 3^ j^5-**^

aJC^I C-oii)^ J^ju^l cJd^s Jli 4-j3 j^t Oj-*^*^ ^j*^

J ^ Ox>

1. »j>jju i^^\' Here ,,^--J is treated as an indeclinable

particle, equivalent to *^. Wright, 11. 302.

2. ^IJa.'aJb. Al Fust&t (Latin Fossatum), the old Moslem

capital of Egypt, was founded by 'amr ibn al *as (641 a.d.).
7. ti yb^, "and behold " !
Cf. Glossary to Tabari under
 II

" ^ ^ Mi 6 > Oi J ^

^'iUiJl ,j-« ''-^ jV d^Ui ,j-j.oJXJLoJI ,j«« J^j d»l».

^^^-o j,^JL».3 aJbC^ ^^ ^Ui JLS w^U> lit^ iak i.

.f.> 0^3

J^3 Ai^ L5^^ ^r'^^ ^J ^^ ^^<J>^ J^3 15^^ 15-^^

Hip X --05 x x J Ox wc

<il Hi J i y <M ul Ml^

^jmC J-y^^
A^ jLgJ Cy^^ W^i JV^^ ^'^^ L^^ w«Xw ^^

X xO
1. iiUJI »iUj, "that joy with which he was wont to
X
xO
greet those who came to him." But possibly ^£U5 is corrupt.

5. Text: 3»J^\^.
du sLfiM U^ tyii aj^ ^;^ cJii ^-^t dUt ^>t ^^JJt

9 ^
^ J JO ^ 0,

'
Oi <ti J JO i -> J lO OJ
s}^^ L5***^ ^ dJ>-j*^ C>* J^ O.^ w^a-^ jisJli «Ju9U

atjajjl^ V^«i^' ^ij ^J j^

2. Dhu '1 Nun al Misri.

J J

^>-^ Vj^Vj j^i jj^ ^^A^ L5-^J J>V Jj^ ^>^

10. 0>i^' '>• Hhu '1 Nun, the Egyptian, died in 860 a.d.

LHA., 386—388.
11. y,oj^ ^>t^> Jizah, a suburb of Cairo on the western
bank of the Nile, opposite al Fust&t.
12. Text: ^y^.
 61

^ e-' OP f. f ^ i 9
AJLSjJ j^ sue AA£.j\ 4J^)b jL».li Uw ^^^.oAlst JUd JjILt

J ^ ») ^ £

JO ^ J Ml

^ftPO^JOJ ^ ^ J
wOt ^9^ JLU ^lx.0-^ b <ij cJUj <iJov«3.o jci <^J^ C-J^^

*iXJi ,j-« *--jyj ^^J^' Ui oJi 4Mgi^^ 4-LJ J>^ ^ Jti

1)1 ^j ^ f ui e- ui ^ "

03^J-ji I^Xfc-lj U5J Aiw J^ ^^ Lf^-^^ -^! ^"^ -^

, Si J ^ ul ^ J ^ ^ i ^

JO^OS Oi^ OSi JO ^

 CA

^bu aJUI pU, o! ^>^'

VIII. STORIES OF MOSLEM SAINTS.

1. 'Ibrahim ibn 'Adham.

Uj^ UIx^ jV'j^ A-^;*" ^' ^i^i <^^^ j-tuu ^^-i Ujuo

a5ju© j>p ^)3 •>..». ,j^ "^j Sl^j jj.^ ^) 4-cLiJt ^^ aAJI

wwU^j J^ Uj|i suiju) ^>P "N)^

^»».j ax.© ^^x ^)^ 10

30

^0^ J JO^ 2 ^

JU ^\ ^ ^yUi "l^ UjJI ^ A».iyi Uiili5 ^jJJI

4. ^o*^t ^^ ^9^j^t, a famous ascetic of Balkh (died al)Out

780A.D.). LUA., 232.
lit jjoii? JUj U^ wJ>^I J«J 131 ^>rfu JUj tjiyjj

iiSUaJI djjb ^\^ ^ (wft-cJt j^t A.5--JI dJJb ^^ o XA

- i)
N) iiJJt

lit

im^yad\
ut

^j
^
d\jJuo U
ui

«^^.cuJ)
^ a
^ ^U)t
a
^.^Jiio^
o
^UZ^t

1. Text om. JUj 'J^J^, but these words occur in the

edition of Zakariya al Ansari (Cairo, 1290 a.h.).

2. t^.tfua*-j ^, "were not exclusively distinguished,"

i.e., garments of wool were also worn by persons who were not
§ufis.

3. 4jiJ)
Jy^j jtfti < OAo, a covered bench outside the
wl J
mosque built by the Prophet at Medina. This di^ was the
resort of poor Moslems who had no house or lodging, and who

were therefore called 4A.a3t Jjbt, "the people of the bench."

^
5. tj^y^^ ^a^. The commentator remarks that ^a^
is superfluous, but it may have the meaning of JJU.
 01

v^.o v>« L^ L^^' >-a«J' J^' «il)^' U3^ AjU^^I ^

ii-Jt JaI c^I^ ^jAJli bUj ^^^ o' ^^>^ Sij^ J^

^l£9^)l g^)|^ ^^^)\ IJjb ^^b oji-^t ^^L» aJUil Jjt^

'05 oi 0^ ^*^
i-^-J3l dJJb iUw'N)! J15 * * * djjw^l j>* C>^^' J-f*

4iy.gu.oJi AfrUa^ JOJ w^y.^U4 AJ JUL) JU3 ^t J"*^^ C>-*J

wJ>y^l ^>^ 4ji J15 j^ J^ Uli ».,.JLJUl£9 Aj\ dUfi jv^'^b

7. 9Jt ^,9y«>Uut 0>^l/«^^'

"^^^ commentator explains
these words as follows :
" those who are continually occupied
with devotion and contemplation, so that they call themselves
to account for every breath that they exhale and inhale."

9. 3U«;*n)I, i.e., the author himself, namely Abu '1 Q&sim

al Qushairi of Nish^pur (died 1072 a.d.), who composed a
celebrated treatise on ^ufiism.
'St
13. ^,.JLUl^, " like a surname/' which in some cases is not
derivable from any verbal root.
 to
Jx^ ul^

UUDj-o woto^ V^y^ J-^J V^J3 J^ ijIJI 6j^{£s> ^\ Jo

CP ^0^ ^ ^ ^ J JO ^ ^ 3) ^ ^ ^ ^

^j^ ^^iC^tjJt c-Nflfc^ J^t ^^zUa. iJjJt ju^ L) ^Cbj

ja^'^S £^*Jt gtjJfc.1 ^,»^3 vfttj^ '^J *Wa^' **rf^

jIj"*"'

i ^ oi , ^ ^j 0^ i , ^ i ^

JuaJt jjj Jl5j aJUI N)t aJ j-.sU ^ ^>« ^^JOxJ

J ^ ^ J J 0^ J 0^ »i '' Jul ^ J J ^Oa9 £ J ^^
J^JkJ <JU»iJ AZjia^xt ^l^ # AJt ,^U U ^^JLe^t j-jt j^
J y ^ vt III tO y Jy Oyy-fOS^uliOyy

VII. THE MEANING AND DERIVATION OF '

SUFI.
» J wl «
AJUt Jy^j J^ ,j.g.^.L»^Ji jjt ^JU5 aJJI ^.c^iff^j t>JUt

J^ lyi^i ALj-ii 'n)

31 ^^*JL« aJUI J^--j a-^^o (^3-^ ^^

8. jj^^kU, § 112. One may also write ^^^^.

10. 0>^ ^ V>5'- Wright, II. 219 a.

12. Metre Jj^l,§ 611.

 of-
J » J J
^ J ^ 9^ JA^ ^W ^ ^ Si J J
Jl5j SLaJI O^^ t/^^3 ^yoi^ Oj^ ^oi-JW^ >»i-J' *--!;>i

O^ Iv^ Ojf ^1 JU^I dJJb ^^\ o'jj \J\ ^>laL)l

^1 \^ JUzJ'NlU dllL' i^jUiif Jld ':^

J15 ^ Jp lit

J15 ALJift. j^ UjjuI J15 Jb Jp 131 0^iX3 ULojJ JU.

Jli dLJu ilj C^^c ; ;

^JJt JXoJ <3U«*aJ ^^j "^U
^1 ^)l A-^l^^ luo j^^Jlft aJUI Ot^JLo vffjj-* CH j^5-^

j-^-T^^^tj ujjfcUi ^1 j:,ui >j ^ iJijt o^u ^\

l>t^ J^h LT^J-^'

w-wjJbJI ^\j U^l JU dJJb jLit

l^JbCi 6yoXJiJ> CHJ^^ J^ J^ 6y^!J!»i JUa»JI ^^yj j-«

^ e J Hi yte- Ml ^ ^ e Si

vi J

Jl5j dj^ U-9 ^^ia*J O^J J^ J^ »^*-o^ L5^>»V—^-5

< i it ^ i i J J ^ ^ i ^ f ^0^
jt^^^3 j^^^ J9^3j^ oUUlJ «JL^ UijJt ju«^ U ^O^^

uuuj^ jv-^ u^ v^^ W4;^ j^ ^^' io^i^ >Lj^ 20

 or

vJ J J ^ -

^^^' Ch> ^*v»- ^^^-^^J^ >iJ^3

J«-' O-^ J^ >J^ W

10 lljw ^-;;ft j^3j ol3 H^i-JW^ '^ V*^ vV^-^' Oj^ <*^3.>

1. Text om. ^j^ siy^-

4. jia«J. The imperfect is politely used instead of the

imperative. Wright, ii. 19 b.

5. ^Ufj al»jT v>«, Kor. 114, 6.

X J '
11. c^L^ O^ J-j-^j a well-known ascetic who was at

one time a brigand.

13. Text: OJ*^ for CUftJ--. 14. Text om. Jj-ol.
 or

aJJI tjjujli •N)! ^Ut jjs> U 4j 03^H OIh^' 033j^

JO i , 0^ ^ yi 2i i
JJL9 \jj^\ O^ ji^3 ^^ j^'*^ ^'^^
\,^^ L^' 'M^ 5

«o ^ ui^^ fO<- ^^a i ^ £ J i J oi

dUioxjl^ tj^ 4j UjJp tjJt> U j-v^t 0^3 ^^i^ ^ ^^'^

irf9x.> «< XX xi2 xO<0

90x X J0x9x9xx 1.1 9x

•*^»A^lw ^Ox^OxOx^ fij^oS^xJ
C^j^t O^v^^ ^>V-^ ^-^^J ^J^ T^J^ ^y^^ AaJU^

^jjUt juP ^ j.^ ^\ ,j-«»ji v**^^ '^^^ M>^

^Ox 0x0 X oi JOxx JxOfO

^>J jj yb Uw o-i^j^ LjjJt C)j^3 ?!-j^'^' ^J^ >:»' 15
^Ox Oi \ i vt J JjOxx Ox x£ X Jxwx2

J ^ J ^ ^ J i- X Ox£ Ox
«J^ ^Ju l^ 4jljt *^j 15"^ U^ aJUI ^ ^j^ 3^

9. Text : ^^j3\. Cf. ^<imi7 of al Mubarrad, p. 120, 1. 4,

where these words are attributed to al Hasan of al Basrah.

10. Text: U^jju.

14. V *iA->^-^, "it is as if thou sawest..." Wright, ii.

168 a, B.'
 01
iti ut J ^ f J

.^^) w^tJcxJb ^^1 ^o^ aJJI v>% jl^-I^ J^j ajUI Jid

o Oli \^ v5*^ ^' ^-*^ ^^-^ "^^ J^ '^^j-^'^J <*^^3^j

f vi ^ i e- it e.

Jli O^l o-« Jjil Jld Jjks*^ ^^ JUi d3>*J J^j

^^Jjo ^^ Jll aJJI jJ-o Jli 4i^ j-jja^' C^. ^ t jj-o-^i

J i <li Wlul J Ml

j«o^ j>^ sZ^jJ.^ * * * '^)Li ^1 Ut J15 4JUt JJU. b

a3I j^UI lyjt Jli 4Jt Ai^ (J^^ <*-UI ij-^j wjlka» ,» jjj

at home and take no part in civil war. Ibn ^umar was seldom
moved from his attitude of neutrality, but he joined the
people of Medina in fighting against Najdaft {Anonyme
Arabische Chronik, ed. by Ahlwardt, p. 137, 1. 14). I have to
thank Professor Margoliouth for this reference and for the

explanation of PU»JLa>Jt given above. The name is apparently

not mentioned by Shahristani, and I do not know any other
passage in which it occurs.

?j^.<, Najdah ibn *amir, leader of a Kharijite sect.

3. ^1 AiUt JJ3, an allusion to the people of Thamud

whom God destroyed because one of them killed a she-camel
(Kor. 7, 71 sqq.).

d2
^t 4JJI Ojh^ «Uft
(J^ '^-'J'
L^j O^^ J-^ UJ J^
ajt^j 4jU c^.JLcx.^ aJJ3 ,j-« *^-i ^ cJL».3 O^^' "^

cJ^> O^^ "^ O' ^^-''J' C>J^.a. C>-^A-«5 J-»^' ^3 UJ^ 5

wJl^ Uo^ 2lx^j ^jU O3J3 w>jj.aiJt »iU5 ,^>-« *^-i» ^

^ JO 0^0^ J ^OWJO<-

J O^i JO yt

Jjbl ,j-« ly-ii ^jju 'N) ^'N) ly^.^ Jld U c^oaJ sJjju 10

u^J >*j >^i^ O^' 'J^j 1,^^-aAJI jJUd ^Ja».r... u ^) j9^i^

5. j>iA^j J^fraJt. See notes on 19, 3 and 17, 4.

7. Obj^' A*5^. In this battle, which took place near

Baghdad (658 a.d.), the Kharijites were defeated by the
Caliph 'all.

8- Jtij^^ L>J< i^- See note on 19, 3.

^ , » JO
12. y^ ^^1, 'abdallah, eldest son of the Caliph *umar
(died 693 a.d.).
13. < L
...>.U>JI, followers of the Tradition ,j-o LJU. ^>£»

*i^?:» wr*"^^'* "^6 o^c o^ the carpets in thy house," i.e. stay
^^yt O^ H"^^ ^J^^ ^^ ^y*^ O^ J^ A
,.. AL t ju50 *^)L».j

0^ w ^^ 3 i ti ^ Sit

St 3 i yi ^ t Oi Mt

f 3 3f f f Off 3 ' f

O^ L5^>^
'^•JU«-^> »-'-^ <^.^ vff^^-'J ai'C^ ^JJt ^tj rt,...;;o> ; i

^1 jixJI I^U a.^ ^i ^t J15 ioj^l ^ii iyf>

S^A^irJx
O-^ 5tJjt >tjut> ^ 4jiJt ju^ ww^Jt
Of
^t
3
jJaJtj d|cL^t
i

^ f f f i f i 3

3f Oi f yt i- JO 5 ^£

^0^ hJ^ 3 f Of f 3%

f 3 3fOl i 3 f f3 i <ti a

9. 5^.oJt, the Sacred Rock at Jerusalem, on which the

Caliph 'abd al Malik erected in 691 a. d. the building known
as the Dome of the Rock.
ft
12. ^jJi\. 'Anas ibn Malik was a Companion of the
Prophet and related many Traditions.
T. A. III. D
 Jl5j ^UJ *^ J^i JULp wiU.i UoJI^ ^UJ o' *iM^
LaLS '^Jj «W=*^ ^>o^ "^ «^' aIslC^^ L5*^ «i)tljl ,^>XJU
"^i
J' ^ ^ ^ tO O^w
'^^o^Jt j^j leJ<-U aJJI ^>,oj ^iA-Lo Ja*^ '^ Jii j^JJt yb^ 5
^ _ ^ ^ ^
J^Jjb 9^ 4jJt JUP ijj v«^^ J^->3 U;JL« «^iLJl& OUUa

Jli
^

«2l;:».U. j^^jiJl-'
,
^LiA 4-J JUi
,
C-wjJI dUL^I
,
ju^ ^
^IP Jtf^J **^' j-*-^ ^' "^^-^
L5-^ J^' O' ^>^'

3 ^ ^ i ^3 3^ iO, 0^0 3 i- 0^ ^ 3 3 iO^

C'^i »- Cht^ WM^ ^^^ ^^ * VM ^J^ ^>^t^^ CJlU. Uw«
^^Jl ^3 A^ ij^£ 'N)
l5J_i ^Ul o^ ^bjjJt >j' J^^ 15

H L^b J^ J^J> CH <>1^' Ac^ (3j^ ^ ^^

6. .iULJI jL^ ^ ^^-^, tenth Umaiyad Caliph (724—
743 A.D.)/
12. jb^U ^ Jl^l. Z//^., 84.

14. Metre J^bJI, § 006.

16. |j.M.jfcJt ^Ij. The reference is to al Hasan of al

Basrah, the celebrated theologian and ascetic (died 728 a.d.).

LHA., 22.5—227.
^J^ j»>\ Oj\ UjJ JjJ.3
•N)
J15 ^>.jwJt ^jS' sJ^
J oi oj J oi ^ ^ ^ ^ J

,^^ aJU^ dUil ^^^ ^j-^3 *'^' v«^ «*jLi> ^*iU ,j>^ \J^^

CouoiW Ju-^ j^ t^>J cJ^i sJ^ Aiiil ^o!J^^ rt.»..>^ ^t

^0^ jo^ oot ^^ 3 ^ ai

^^V«Jt Sj^ J3^3 ^ '^ L5^ '^' Oj..^ U o^j-j^

viiu^ ^)3 UtA5 U 4»Lw o-t^^jt jtjL« 4a.I». iiJiJt cJlw jJU

JU^ j^^ 'N) U Jp J15 j^ L« Jj>©J Jtjii V^

yi J I yu
^ J 3 ^ oi e-

U^jl C^Jb U ^tj-ou j.JwJtj j--ajl ^1 33 ^^-fti^ J^ ^>«

jo^O ^ , , bi
J^ ibj Jl5j aJJI w^IJc^ j^y^ J-^«aJI 0-* 0>*' ^^'-^

1. •J I
JjJJ "^j ^.e., "Man's feet shall not move from
the place (w-A5y«) where, at the Resurrection, he shall be
called to account and judged, and thereafter be admitted to
Paradise or cast into Hell, until...."
14. ^-lo, "than I am afraid," Wright, 11. 133a.
15. >J>«JJ Ju^ i>J j-o*, eighth Umaiyad Caliph (717
720 AD.)"
 pi

^^ iJU-JI ^^^j j^5-.^ A-> ^^33 d^l^w fJ«*-J ffir'jj'

V>:;^>oJ' J<-»' >»^ J>*J J*^ >^J A»*«^J' >»>J jV Sj^-oi^l

6JJ^ ^^^•f s>-^3 '^ti\ ^y*--*-! 0-* O^ *-« ^^j^ J^

J ^ J , ^ S. i m' i

^y^ J^^ O-i 0-o*Jj' J^-^ J^5^ * * * ^<^y ^^jj>U^

^t ^t J^yJ^
J-Jjl aJI ^fi^l
^ wi!P^)t jIj3
i^^

VI. EARLY MOSLEM ASCETICISM.

Ox I X Ox t

L ^«-s>Jt, a freedman of al Mansur.

o^\y^. Black was the party colour of the ^abb&sids, green

of the *alids.

AjJloJI, the so-called " Yamanite" or Southern Arabs (cf.

note on 26, 2), most of whom were supporters of the 'abbSsid

dynasty.
J X X XXX
8. Ay*.^ JJ^» "he devoted himself," ''risked his life."

9. 5*iLflJ). The accusative is governed by a verb under-

stood, and is equivalent to the customary formula used in the
'adhdrif viz., S^ILcJI ^-U ^-»., "Hasten to prayer!"
 J ^ i ^303^ i 3 ^ ^, , Z^tO 0/0 , , ^ 6 , ^ ^ i

^i«i» .7... J *^^ tj^ LC*^ '^ "^ bu.^MC3 Laxjt «UJL«L^^ ta> g .^

J^t ^ j^5-«3' O^ ^\ ^^'^-^ Ai J^ J^'%^ *^^ 3J-^3

5 ciWi J^ ^ ^yi ^3 i^i J^3^ ^^ 0\ J^ v^*^ W

3 , at, ^ i

A^J ^ ^ 3 ^ III

l\t ^ %
j^\ jyAX^\ .jJl ^jUa-j j^3 *^' ^^^ C>i v«?*Lh' O^

at Burqah Wasil," or "on the day of the battle at Burqah

Wasil."

^JuJI ^jt b, "O son of the excuse!" i.e., **0 thou that

continually excusest thyself."

j«Jt5 for j.j.i;3, § 112.

1. /uJl/j. 3 is the JUJt ^ij, § 583.

2. Text: \y^ ^JlL3 ^.

6. ^1 jJl-o^t, i.e., he enjoined me to take care that his

kinsmen should not suffer anything by his death beyond the

personal loss : in every other respect the father's place could
be filled by the son.

9. aJUI jkAft
^ ^^\j.j], a descendant of *ali ibn Abi
Talib. He headed a rebellion against the Caliph al Mansur
in 762 A.D.
J^ J^JW L^J^ O' ^^ L^i J^ i^5J^ s-*»-'^ «*^

IJA ^<^ jlT J15^ 5

L5^'

J JOxx JO X %, ft 0,» i J

J J J ^
ii^XJlj <suft ^^U5 4JUI j-oj aj^Ijlo c^r^^ J*^ * * *

Ay«te.j 4JJI ^ji£» wOU» ^l j>J ^-Xft ,j-« SftljJI j^yift ^Uj

Ji^x xOxx 0^^ xO><» ^ «/» OJxOxJ ft d

3. Metre Jo^l, §611.

1 it

6. Metre jijj-JI :

8. iJl j^^JLcfc.^. Mu'awiyah entered al Kufah and received

the oath of allegiance as Caliph in 661 a.d.

12. Oj^Jt^t. He was appointed governor of al Basrah by
Mu'awiyah.
13. Metre J^IOI, §606.
^Ut, name of a woman, probably the poet's wife or
mistress.

^y^^^ a5jj ^^, either *'on the day when she and I met
 pr

5 i^St ly) >3UJ OJUi A^l 1^1 ^^ A^Jt lyJtO ^yu

v»>UJt i^iji A^l ^1 ji^t Jld V*'^'^ ?^ O^ L5^'

0^ J w^J Ot J ^ W^
10 O^ O^J^^ ^^^^ *<^W^' Vj^^ Ol^U^ jiaa. w>llaAJt
^ Si ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

^ ^ ^ ^ , i
a5^U J^ jJli. ^j j^^^-i O^ i^5!j»^ O^ Lr^>* J^3
jift jljiLo ^ifr Jj^j w*U5:JI Iv^bji J^A^ ^^ Jju gUil

3. jB>jS^\. According to the Lisdn al ^ai-ab jijS^\ in this

saying is equivalent to lyW' -^J^' "^^^ speaker means that

his ancestors gave away the food which they might have kept
to nourish themselves and their children.
•' » ^
12. jJU. ^^ l5***tJ> father of Ja^far the "Barmecide,"
was grand vizier to Harun al Rashid.
 pr

ifjlx^l^ JUjIj J^)llaJt ^\ZLc IvJb Sjlil^ JLjJ ^t' W

O' L<«^b v*t?^'j *^JJW ^-^M^j i;JucJI ^j>> V*^

9'J^3 J15 * * * iU^l w-JaJt wwjis'j Jo^\ iiJjJt O^jl

J ^ ^c
5

0^3 u^-f*^ ^^^ O^ ^3^^^ 6jJ,«f- O^ O^ aJUIj Ut

U>jjL» j^^laftt^ j^yij '^U^ j^^i-*J Ijtoj

L5**^ J^'A) *^'

aJJ) 4^ ^ aJUI JU.0U vJ-j*^ JI5 * * * L^irf *^«^J L^^^

0^ oil ow i e ^ xOJ
JwAiJt^ viU-Jl «-« jJtiJ) J^l ^^* .>..» O^ ^^ cH 10

jCJjt ^t J15 iilj O*' J3^^-^ ^ ^) J^ AiA^b

1. S^«JI_5 ^bl, "beware of jealousy." Wright, 11. 75 a, b.

2. AijjJb ^^AJU) "cleave to adornment," i.e., **do not

neglect to adorn thyself." Wright, 11. 78 a and 172 d.

4. Ao>afc3l y)\ »y»i «.CL» , a negro poet of the Umaiyad

period. His "name of honour" is generally said to be
^J^t^,c ^1, and he seems to have been confused with the
'abbasid poet, Nusaib Abu
Hajna (Aghdni, 20, 25 34).
'1 —
The elder Nusaib, who
meant here, was at first a
is evidently
slave but was enfranchised by *abd al *aziz ibn Marwdn,
brother of the Caliph *abd al Malik.

11. «Jt ju *^. This saying is also related in the form of

a verse (see Lane's Dictionary under j^jlia*) :

 <SU;^ 4j ^^>J Jli IJJb jV J>*^ ^ iW^ {^^ J^
J ^ 0^ J j£^ y e- OJ ^ J

>r^' djjk^ JJ^JI J 15 j.5j aSUjojI djj^

^^^ ^j^3
^ji^ O-i j-o^ ^J ur-W^ CH^ J^3 J^ ^3 0-*

10 L5*^J w^UaaiJI jjj j-o^ l^ OU ^JJI iJLJJl ^ **^^^J

aLLj'n) >&%»- ^ 4JJI Jut Jli^ «,^3 JJ»W L^'j M)

2. A.>J3 ^ ^JL*^, governor of al Basrah under the

Caliphs Marwan II and al Mansur. He died in 766 a.d.
7. Text: ^Lp.
^ e ft ^ ^ e-

8. AjloA^jt, i.e., ^^ ^jloAJjt.

jj^l, "the ancient."

9. 5j^oj ^i\ jjj ji^, a poet celebrated for his love-

songs (died 719*A.D.). LHA., 237.

12. jSAof. ^i 4JJI j^aC, a nephew of *ali ibn Abi Talib.

He was noted for his generosity.
wJ^3 O^^ C>^ O^^ *-^' ^^ ^'^ '-*' ^'^"-^ O-i C^
J

A^^i L5^J3 ^''^ J^3 jV' O^ J^*? *sAiUj *t>«**i^

^ i St J ^ ^ < i < ^
j^ai^j *)W^ <>«*»i ^J ^;^ - ^ A^t:J ^ 0-« ^<-^ V***^^

^^JJI ,j-jjJI e\jS'\^ A^o C-».j^ 4^J^'' O-rJ**-'' jl^t 5

»i3 N) ,iJU U ^^J!/i^) J-3^ w>*JI oU^ >r5UJtil 10

J^JUJ j-^t^ ^t-o-^i A^ t^ O! J^^ '^b C>^ ^^Ua))

i^ '>->^' J^ ^ J^ ^^ \^J \^ J^h 03-^W

OJJOJOJ 9 '
1. Kdmil, ^jj^ ^jj 0^3' Ya'qubi, 11. 217, has ^^
diCe 0^3' L>*- Probably, as is suggested by Prof. Bevan,
the writer alludes to the name of Mu'awiyah's father, Sakhr
(Abu Sufyau). jrL o means " rock " and ^^^ had originally
the same meaning.

4. You say ^ux^ sJL^ or aJU iUv, "he reached his

ankle-bone" (or "his heel"), and djLfr Jiw, "he clove his
dust,"meaning the same thing, viz.^ " he overtook him," or

"he was equal to him in merit."

^3 J.JU J,X; ^ ^5nj l«j5 ^ oXLh ^ fjjj\ .tC^o^^
f ^ (
w-I^ i^j-j-^' O^' J^J * * * A-Lft aJLS j^^Jlft s..i».l jk^\

A^^9 Aljta^ ^.ciA^t Ua».t3 jo»JI ^^sU <iLc>j.^

l5-^JJ

3. ^^) A-oy. The phrase occurs in Kor. 5, 59.

4. t<J^t O^t, historian and genealogist (died 819 a.d.).

4JI w*J^. The following letters are found in the Kdmil

of al Mubarrad, ed. by Wright, p. 298, 11. 1—7.
5. jAw ^ j^^--J governed Egypt for the Caliph *ali.

6. ^^jJ^jsd\j the partisans of 'all and Mu'awiyah respec-

tively.

8. Text: o-a^t ^^li ao;^ ^ ^J3'

JwcJLoJt lfci».tj J.a*.Jt jJi^li, "then he made many cuts
(scratches or slight wounds) but missed the joint (which a
skilful archer would have pierced, so as to disable the hunted
animal)."

9. jjlj^fc^j. Hauran (Auranitis) is a district lying south

of Damascus.
j-C^ j£ ^J>^ L5*^ A%3I "N)
JUd Ju^t w^j^ j^^ ^bj

,3 , ^ , JO

iLuU) ii^'N) Uili J15 JUl^l j4i bl Os4;J »^4> Jli5

>»t^ W Oii^v^ ^>5 ^>J Jl *>li> juxl, JUJ lvii>li

Jl5 aJLIo ^Xc j«i3l£fc.j ^V^'-' (,.5^ AlA^ J 15 4-UJ3 »iX>i-0

I^L». dl^w! JtJ ^3 ^v «i^»i^ <«J

O^^ ^LT^ C^^

3J Uj.5 sZ^-^^ >e>^t C^ii^j Jiiit v£J^j ^' Jl5

J^ ^blaJI ^Xfr jJ^I ^1 Oi ^^^^^ 3/^ O^ >^J

J t
2. 0>^^-oJ'> seventh 'abbasid Caliph (813—833 a.d.).

3. ^-*oUJI jjj jLj 3t>rf ,

governor of al Kufah under the
Caliph 'uthman.

9. iJl %^Jii ^^li, "and what were his feelings in your

presence with regaled to that ?

11. jiji^S C-MjA^^ J.i:yi cJlo^teJ, **you took the load on

yourself and relieved (others) from (the necessity of) tying the
girth," i.e., from the obligation of persevering in war.
 rv
JO" JO
J
^^ju
J
d;K..M (./tflsjt ^ jj-ch^ J^f3 ^ 1-^.jL^^J
^ ^ ^

J ^ ^ " a ^ " " " "

<• J J 0" J <ttj vt " J -i J i"J

^U^U-*«J O^ •'^ih! 3^b CXi^^-o^' u-^J L5^ OWj-*^'

9^0, 0"
U5-J ob>^ CH *sUmoJI
^
jujU
"
wiw^
J J

^ iM

•kpUiOkJt
^
JlSj J15

10 ^>j w-jiw J,iU JJ^^j * * * ^*^}Si\ y>« l.Ii^ 0J53 j^Ia

1. ^./tfbOt ^^ 3y^i conqueror, and afterwards governor,

of Egypt (died 663 a.d.).

2. ^,JLy^l
**"*
^ J^>J- See note on 29, 12.

3. ^UaZ5. Qutaibail ibn Muslim, the celebrated general,

was appointed governor of Khorasan shortly after the super-
session of Yazid ibn al Muhallab (704 a.d.).
^ ^
4. 0^3>*- S^® ^^^® ^"^ 24, 10.
J » 3
6. ^b^Iwt and ^b^li^ are Persian words and are here
treated as indeclinable.

7. «JL»^j ^ ^U».aJI. See note on 16, 6.

ObJ^ C>:» -^' j4^, fifth Umaiyad Caliph (685— 705 a.d.).
9. Mfc-U, Hagar of the Bible. She was the mother of
J I

Jyjx^wl (Ishmael), to whom the Northern Arabs trace their

descent.
 n
j^UJI J^ Jutlj'j ^^! ^Iki

j»jyi\ <L©L»j jUaJl jj-0^ # C*w«;A U juu *iL.y^ ^3^5

it 0* i

ly^ j^btJ AJj.^ A<iP j^^*J aJJI ^--i>; w>lift aL. ) l

,J^ j.^
at ,01 MS- ^ i ^ 9 0,
(JUI yJJ\ jJ O' 3^ ^^ij J^^J ,^UI aJLm* ,J-0 ^;-j^

2. Metre JLobOt, § 406. Here the last foot of each

hemistich is ^ v^ - instead of ^ v^ — ^—
5. ^Ia ^ ^M.ifc tl, generally known as Abd Nuwas.
LHA., 292—295.
6. Metre j-ijjl : ^^ |i»i^__||i=i^__|i«i^__.
13. ^Ijj, governor of al Basrah under the Caliph Mu'Awi-
yah, whose half-brother he was reputed to be.
 JI53 i^-O^I J^U ^ AjjijI C>^ ^^\ v'^St J^l

jO^jOjMfi^^a Sl^ J ^ » — St ^ f it *

6 U»^ ftju ^»Ai ^^^M j-oU ^^ J.»g ^3j Jld * * *

»iAJ iut jixi b>l£9 c-i4 ^^,1 j-«U aJ JUj aj oUj '§\

j^y^t v<r!^AL^J{ J^53 j^ aUI jAxi 15^1^ cJ4 ob

x^
iM

Ajl JI5
a^
wJ-^-oJt
J

^ JLJJ.J ^£»3 tit

^ yt

O^*" O^
^
>*^-^A O^
S J J i
^
J

^
ft ^ ^4'

2L^XaJ) w^yX« J13 oji^a. iSj-'f^ ^JA»J\ siu^l^

Ox
2. ^^jJUt ju^
ml J

^ 9*5^ > a didactic poet who was con-

demned to death by the Caliph al Mahdi. LEA., 374.

3. Metre ,Jj^l, §621.

11. Jl, §362(m).
12. A^i^Jt. Under this title the Arabs include various
collections of adages and moral sayings, which were put into
writing at an early period. Cf. Goldziher, Muhammedanische
Studien, 11. 204.
14. j\JJy ^ »iiUU, a well-known ascetic (died 744 A. D.).

c2
 > » * ^ ^ » ^

^:>jl ^©aLjI »i)Lj^bj.j ijj^j^'^ cl^xa^jl j-w ^^jl;^ pL-JI

ajU£9 ,^ siicTl jid JU j-l« jj^i j^ JiC2 ^j\ jCf^

, , i ui , ^ St ^ i ^ i ^
,j-« A^ jL».t L^ <JuXft aJJI J^ O/C ,>• Ji».t ^jld jau

JULs jr*»UJ' O' J9^^3 ^ L5*^' ^^ *^ **^' <-^ ^^^

2. o^,J415(rf).
8. ^jl JCu, "and take care not to...." Wright, ii. 75.

11. jj^J^^^ t^ii^d 'abbasid Caliph (775—785 a.d.).

14. dU5, " because of thee." Wright, ii. 155 c.

, » <
16. 03j^^ O^ Jv-*' private secretary to the Caliph al
Ma'raun.
 ^J^ Jwl t^JjJLoJi w^t^ A.*J3 ,J>-J ^o-^-J J^3 ^^
10 131 i^'N)! ^l J15 J15 S^Ui o^ J^)LA _^t dJjJot

jk.»*ftJi jloO O^t?**^ ty' CH *^ J^i * * * tiUU- dj-.a^li

_*jA^n-.-ff, which suggests w^j^ ("strange," "foreign") and is

therefore a suitable epithet for a land where the Arabs were

so few. This explanation was kindly given to me by Professor
Margoliouth.

1. jjl-frJi^ bt. Abu 'uthman is the kunya% ("name of

honour") of al Jahiz.

6. «*,ii».'^t. See note on 15, 2.

T. A. HI. c
JJJ^^ ^U^ Jj-iJ^ ^U^ U ^1 Jji4l U aJL3I

U j^^-~*^ b «UJij 5jj^ aJ JUi >iM**j L^J^^'^ *^J^^

Ui^ CJld ^^JLLP ^IxoJI O^ ^.-i-^ ly:JL» lya>..a5t ^j\£s 5

j^.f^XS' Jiji Ju^t ^J 3^«^t tju£ C^tj Ot^ Ul^ U

^^JaJ LojA.^ L>t>^^ 0^^3 l}>^^ ^.^^*<'^ 4^l«iJt J^w 1^^

<^^^»^^ ^^I O^ ^h UJi .<<rv^^il 2^J^a^ "^h J9^ »V*:!

j.cUJI aJUI JJL5 JJ!^ ly^ j^ li^)b aJUI J^i Jyb 10

J o ^

satisfactory sense. Translate " we were not reckoning

: thee
among those who cannot bear misfortune patiently."
4. i-epi ^3, a poet of the Umaiyad period. LUA., 246.

olUI JJ15 expresses admiration in the foi-m of a wish.

lya^ ^ O^t
^» P^yt, tense of lya^-xoil U, which means
" How elegantly she speaks !
" Wright, i. 100 b.

7. A^l^t, a district in central Arabia.

12. Metre },^ji\ :--v.-|-_^-|^_-

w>lj^l w>jjt7..>,« ^^' ^^^, "of noble soil, of wonderful

mould." The singular appropriateness of the verse (implied

by the words j^UJi aJUI JJl5) appears to lie in the use of
AJsLAJI jJ-.^ ^J.01 ^SU.*^ yJJi V»*^' J^^ * * * ijjb ^Uj

'0- WJ^ ii J ^ >M J JO

]. Possibly lyj should be read for lyj.

J ^ oi. ^
4. 4jt o^,ft.7.a>,Lot jj^. The science of Arabic grammar
was chiefly cultivated by the non-Arab Moslems, who had
been the first to corrupt the purity of the Arabic language.
Cf. a passage from Goldziher's Muliammedanische Studien
(i. 109), translated by Prof. Browne in his Literary History of
Persia^ i. 260.
W ^ Ml

^»OI. The regular construction would be^^li, § 587.

0^ J < J e ^
.").
j-vo* j>j dUUJI juft, a judge noted for his eloquence
(died 753 a.d.).

10.
0,i
j-ojJt ^ J
S^j^j a juriconsult of Medina (died 711 a.h.).
The amputation of his leg was rendered necessary by a gan-
grene from which he suffered.
11. Text : ctj.,cJJ jJjuu U£> U, which does not give any
4jL^ aJ j-oI^ lyj j^li Uj^Jii *lU».l». jujj JUi Jjuu

J«, 5^*-» JC^Oo O^OJ J ^0 JJOC

^*j^ 3^' jJau^JL^ yjiiyiJLA gw^Uij d.^jS' ^owt W^aJ (^^^
^0-^ Ox JJfx ix 0£ JO JxO' Jxx

'^)

^
wiJu
o£ J
j-ibuo
X
O^-o^
f
^ J^ iWj*^W
JJ'^S «
^*!>»^ C-v^A
X "
UJ^

Ljtj^t cot^iW^ Jli bijjjt ,^^3)3 U^^t «-r>^' j^' 'vV^

J -» Ot w» ^xx Oxj X ^ * O'J i XXX
^Ut w»;il j^\ lip cAiyb j^5A^ JUi lioj5 U^ j.^>
«0x JxOC «< W ^ X X

X 5 J X - X Og

X X

2. ^JUih.1^, equivalent to dlZ^l^ J^.

5. sj>»^ siH^y ^^^ Prophet's cousin.
13. liji, JL>% ^J^. Wright, n. IGl a and d.
X
2jUx
15.
(S J

^ X

JfH^ belonged to the tribe of Murrah. One

of his daughters was married to the Umaiyad Caliph Yazid
ibn 'abd al Malik.
 n
^ «J J

l^jJLl^ dU3 J*»- Jv ^>5 ^j3 U^ j,/a». ^)3 ^>e;

V. SPECIMENS OF ARABIAN ELOQUENCE,

WIT, AND WISDOM.

Oy^J 'J'^JaJ' 03^ jl-oiJt j^l ^3 O-o J^-^iJj «^^--J'

t jS^j^ w ^ ^ i , ,

C-Ji^ '^1 iwi^ijJt^l iJ>-e l^^ a-LcL) 0^3 "^-^ O^*^

5. jjl-o^ ^1 The writer (al Jahiz, p. 6, 1. 15, note)

. uses
his 2lg.;£:> or '
name of honour in speaking of himself.
'

12. ^pJL^I ^ Jujj, governor of Khorasan (died 720 A.D.).

13. 431, .§362 (m).

 i« ^ ' J J

W^ j-^ aJ! ^
O^ J^^ L«^*^' '*^'^-i^ ^^t! ^* «"»««> »7 ai>^

6$ «< oc w ^ OP i 0^ i » ^ *

, , t , ^ oi J ^ ^ S) J xt

2. j-ij^ a poet who flourished under the Umaiyad dynasty,

>

famed as the rival of al Farazdaq. LI/A., 238 seq. and

244—246.
4. Aa-o<^^)l, the great philologist and literary critic (died

about 830A.D.). LHA., 345.

7. Ijk».tj i»-»JI i^^J. There are many varieties of poetical
style, which differ in value, just as there are many sorts of
carpets made of rich or coarse materials.
i * t
9. ^t «.,,«aJu, "takes this view in regard to his con-
temporaries."
11. ^LJ3 ^\ (died about
f , i
890
at
a.d.).
J
The passage cited

here occurs in his •tjjtJtJI^ jjuLi\ v^*^> ^- ^Y ^® Goeje,

p. 5, 1. 12 8qq.
 rv

1 ^ lO ^ >M Si ^ J C ii J t ^ 0, ) t.

J-cuLoJI Jldj Jli AijJsj jj-0^3 J>^3 V^-^'^'i iijUl^ ^^AJ^

C^y^ J^ *>^'^ ia,fr-Jt ^5^^-J ^^t ^^\ ^v u' .^J Ch>

^,»»... J OLaJLa.^) wol^^ ^xjUt^ _^'N)t llJij ^jJL».

J'0J i ^ ^ >rt J ^ Si f w '

jUi«JI o-« J^'3 J-i^ ^i j^> oj-*^ i^' s:uil^ l>l ^*^)I

J ^ 'I

" «£ J ^ e ^
1. w^^jOI jlxwl Sjy^*., composed about 1000 A. D.
C Si

2. ^i*-J'j the seven Mu^allaqdt.

3. jN-iioJt, 7io< the well-known al Mutaddal al Dabbi

(LHA., 128).

4. J>^*9, equivalent to j^^*^ oju-cid, "an ode by any

one."
oi S> ot

5. IkuLwt^. The subject is JJsJl^]^ ^ILaJt j-jl j^

Si ^ J Tr
, § 345, Rem. a (ii).

7. «Jt lyjt «^3j' Concerning this erroneous explanation

of the names oUAjuo and OUaJuo see LHA., 101 — 102.
 n
sj\ jujj> j^ vjU-o ^js- a)^^ 5UU1 ^ yb^ j-^«iJ' 0-*

jmAJ £^I ,^,^1 3j^t ^ tj_^ j^U^ ^ J*a^ jlp

AJLoij Im.ioJl^ jljJl ^jIP w^-^-Jt Lj^Wi cr***^' 'j-*' Oi^

i^^ai < },, i. iiO'., at- j ^ ^ 5 -

^^yjL^\^ 5;>U ^^^yi-..*.! duj\j Jli ^^Ij A^ 4JJI ^-OJ ^J^ 5

Aj*^ ly^ dytJtj iljjtUI ly,;..la> 7,,>li ^Uwt ^t Jk^ <!l;5J^

j^^-ai'j OWi«Jb jiiJI. ilij cA^'j L5V*^'-5 *^^ ^^' ^^

^ ^ ^ % ^ ^ i^ ^ ^ i i , ^ ^ ^
^
^'^UCJI j^*.U w>5^ 5ju..aAjt jj^ dl^-j U3 w-wj-^l ^^;>^ c3j^^

1. Text:^^! ,>•.
2. jtjj 4*.l.a5. Nizar is a legendary ancestor of the
Northern, as opposed to the Yaraanite or Southern Arabs.
Here the name denotes the Northern Arabs, wJio spoke Arabic
more purely and correctly than the people of al Yaman.
9. J3IW' ^j^^ ^Jk3y!Lt\. The Arabian poet frequently
represents himself, in the opening lines of an ode, as passing
by a desolate camping-ground ( Jyl^), which was formerly the
abode of his beloved. Thereupon he begs his companions to
halt in order that he may sing as the scene suggests to him.
LHA., 77.

11. ji^\ ii.U vJ3- Cf. tlie English use of "far-

fetched."
 re
i ^ t f
I

^ ^ ^ w J i , } , J J a

J ^ ^ J Si < i Si ^ ^^ jJ«*yJO '£ «<'J '

Ml^ Wl^ J J ^ J J i i M i ^ i ^

yk^ ^29 ^t ja29\ Ai^ij J^*^ ^'-^ ^r^ ^J"*^ ^jW"*" ic*

>
1. Sj^^t ^. See note on 23, 7.

4. Text: j^,;:*^.

6. For Imra" (or Imru') al Qais see LBA., 103—107.

irf ^ JO J »
'''
Lj^ <M \}^>^ belonging to the tribe of Khuza'ah, a

satirical poet of the early 'abbasid period.

10. «Jt ok«*^. Translate: "He made the well of Poesy

gush forth to them abundantly, and forsaking obscure ex-

pressions he opened (to the eye of Poesy) the soundest (clearest)
sight," i.e.y he discovered the secret of clear and perspicuous
diction.
w^jjOI wJUq^Ij p->^aJI 0$l».j ^'^ILw'n)! jJ^ U^^ 4Jut^j^

0^-M> 0'>:!^ j^' '^bit; >ff^^ j*^^ *j'jj ^^*^b j'-a^'^W 5

^^ Vj^' c>^ ^^^^ *^J ^^^ ^>^b V>^ w)U^ ^)^

6. diUUb j3^, " when there had already perished," § 583.

8. jjbi^l ^ ^UjtJt, the last Lakhmite king of al Hirah

(580—602 A.D.). LNA., 45—49.
10. 0'j>-* L«^> *'»® descendants of Marwan, fourth
Umaiyad Caliph (683— 685 a.d.).

Ai* jLtf U
^1, "or whatever became of it," i.e., it may
have passed into other hands.
ly*...;^ cH u^yii ^^^ early grammarian of the Basrah
school.

11. t^jOt ^
3^"^ >^'> ^ famous collector of ancient

Arabian poetry (died 766 a.d.).

 rr ^
A^jJUl jlx^'^l O^Ia;^ ^I Uli s^j.y\^ (^^' J^^3

UJ^^^^J >JJ^"»^' U^J-^ ^e"^^' ^'j-«' iljA^I^ ILw O ^> "t'

5 0.» ^«''-J 3 03>tJ--*:J3 O^^-^^i^ 03^^3 0^*f^3 j^-^ai^i

JSLaJI C-Jl j.frlw ly^ i-j tit wJj^' 0-« <*^;im wot£9^

j.lb\j^\j CH*^ —
*^ ^' ^o-***-'^ A.oJii?'^! C<sat.;.o3 *iXJju ^jUyi

10 4J^) o'*^Vb JVJJ' jliU^j ^tjiSlt j^ 0*^J U.^

i-^ j.ct-i ^l jJ^ >e'^Uj *^j O^^:! *^ '^^^ ^J-'=='^

1. O^Uuj ol § ^88.

4. iJt i^jufr^t 03j-**i- Wright, 11. 376 c.

^* 03j^^3 0>**^3) *-'^'j ^'^^y ^6 verse the usual order

of words in a sentence.
6. Text :
03j^i3
" "»
> ^^^ there is evidently a reference to
9
the rhetorical figures Sjl^l and Sjlxlwt.
" * *
SiAj O^t (died about 1070 a.d.) was a native of
7.

Qairawan in North Africa and author of a remarkable work

on the art of poetry, entitled Sjki^jUt.

8. ilJui wJl£>^ followed by JSUJI cJt^. Of. note on 1, 8.

 rr

l/a. ... J jjLJI ^>o jjj ^,»A«rf^ aJ^ 4JJI j^^JLo aJJ! J>-»; JI5

4JUI dUt jJb ^.oiCaJt Uli dUj^> U3 jaUI J>t^3 ^>£ 4^

iftU-tf)^ ^»iit> o^P' vo-i^ ^'^^ ifrUo o? •^f ftUL}*^!

f

^ ^'NUJI c>* 4>^ '^^)h ^^'^' 4--^ 0'>* »3

w^l^J*^! c.hwffc. <ju^ *-->*^' O'^-* jj«-iJtj »^j^ O^' J'i

2. Others read UX». for U^, but cf. Goldziher, Mu-

hnnmiedaniscJie Stttdieni, 11. 205, n. 4.

8. yLtJI o^ UJ is equivalent to jiui oi^. §353*

n. »
s
^>* Ul U, " I have nothing to do with diversion."

For the use of y>« see Wright, 11. 132 c.

 n
^^3 O^^ >^3 J^ ^ ^h 033^*^^ >rv*t^ *l^*^^

^J^^ ^) iulji jUjJ ^J^) JU^ jiiji ^JL^ aJLp aJUI

U^L^ Jsoi y OLJi J^t ^3^ tj^lw U*;^ OLJ*^!

^t <l»jiij ^t j^ ^^ ^juAJl <i^ ^j,-w.*j ^3}y^ liOts&Z » *«

J »< J K^

J^5 IJakSU 'v)^..>a> .« <ii)yL! U 0^3 t^Uf ^Ut dU^ UJ

.2ia>.>gt JjA ^1 JUi jJciJI ^>P J^3 6*^)15*31 u;*a*J J^

JO ^ ^ J ^ '

W^ ^CoXaiiJt jjlUI ^>« ,j^ j^5 J15 ^U j-jJ •J-flJ

1. ^^Xmu *^ to gljjcijl, an inexact quotation from

Kor., 26, 224—226.
4.
J^.0* y. The apodosis is •Jl oUo^ loJ, 1. 7.

6. 4^t^, § 304, 14, Rem.

11. J^^j "and still," "and even now." When jju is
thus used, a negative commonly precedes it, e.g., juu wv^j ^,
" he has not died yet."
e X
13. oy^ *'^- •^^ ^^^'^ ^^^ imperfect may be rendered
" sometimes," § 362 (z).
 4;:ftU-aj j^\ %>\^ J^ oi* ^*«*^ j-**^^ 0-* W^' *^j

IV. CONCERNING POETRY AND POETS.

L5^ Oiij>« ^'^y^ >*^' ^*w^ **^ ^5* •-r'j^ ch' J^ 5

«^ Oil ^6^363 , 0^3^ f i ^

j^ yjs- jjlUI ^JJ3 A^ uj^ *x»-'3 jJxi JUul Ijjlfc. jj'^)

w>^-^ u'>^ ^V v*"^^ j^Ul ».,F<aJu jjl

J-5 jJLi jua5
^w^ 0,3
JUp
, ,
^
,
AJi ^ JUt
, , ,
,J-«
,
# j-jAj
f
^ w^--^' >UNJ
,
b

,
Si, 3 «> •

,
A

i ,
, i, , , i , 3 0, , , e
^liCji JjJj .^AaUl j^^-o-*-! ^^JJ' Uj>^' jV 'J^ L^^^ 10

,J-« Olo-^ '•M ^V cH^ ^^ J^i !/*^ **-:' J^.' cJu j^

3, 3 3 3 ,i, , ,
AjU^ <olai.;..> dJLjt 6}j J^j U>/^3 Ua^ L5^^ '^^ wjU^d
,4 ^ J Cj ,Ci

«suJ ^^ <*JJ' *^>^ i«^ i-o^Caw-Jl L^ jJSld J15 jjld 4j^

1. ^JflwiJI. rfpear-shafts of Indian bamboo were im-

ported into Arabia vid al Khatt on the Persian Gulf.
3
5. i^j^ O^^ ** well-known philologist (died 1005 a.d.).
 n
j^ajUI jLL. J^ IjJb j-JaJj5

jju S)i ^ur 4>^' 'li)^ * f^^ j^' -^' *^

^
t^<a^j^ Jc<h.t ^^ Iw jt l>.>^xfc»
ig^J"^ L5^^ ^J^ ^^y^

^! SLa^j UjH^ i^J^i' i^U c*,Kfrt ijjrf ^^1 jjj jXj ^t

j.j.UtfJI aAJJI
^ ^y^ U*^ J^ djlof^^ bCJlo dU-l S^y

a metaphor drawn from the frequent comparison of war to a

blazing fire.

2. Metre L>j\S^\, § 610.

3. j-ojJt O^ 4JJI jLjP revolted against the Caliph Yazid I,

on whose death he endeavoured to obtain the Caliphate for

himself. He fell in battle, 692 a.d.

yUit*^\j. Al 'Ash tar (died 658 a.d.) was one of the assassins
of the Caliph 'uthman.

^Jn^:^)! ji^J. See Muir, Tlie Caliphate: its rise, decline, and
fall, chapter 35. •

7. iiJU, the Prophet's favourite wife.

8. ^^)\ ijJis., " 10,000 dirhems."

^JtJ^* CH v»**^- ^®® Ancient Arabian Poetry, pp. 35 — 36.

10- ChH^!/*'' Cyti I'^^crs to the two water-bags carried by
a camel, one on eacli side.

b2
^t-^'^ L5>Ji >=^ j^^l^,.^ # A-,,-xj ^,,^ ^iCiJJt JJL5

JLili OU^ wJi 0-< ^'^ *5 * J>:f>X»3^' jjli^ ^^*^ ^^ ^^'

^L» JJU.I J^». 0-* *^ L5^l * **-f^ ^"^J ^t^ J**f^^

1. Metre ^jj^Ljl, § 611. The text of these verses given

in the Hqd at /arid differs considerably from that in the
Hamdsafl (ed» by Freytag, p. 41). I have adopted the readings
of the latter only when they seemed to me decidedly superior.
dUf^Aj^^y^. Wright, II. 318 b, c.
«<

Text: ^^>vJl C-w jJ>Ji jt^- Translate: "having many

desires and diverse ends and ways (of gaining them)."

2. x^ly^t, either "places of death" (barren wildernesses),

or figuratively, " enterprises of deadly peril."
^- r^' Jj^ ^' ^^^ hero's heart is compared to a sentinel.

^^ serves to define j*j3l£9. Wright, ii. 137,

"until."
4.
Jl
i JO,
6. ^^J,iL^\f "the man of the tribe of Makhzum."
7.Metre K..,..Jt, § 615.
Text: jLi^)t ^. "The sons of the wild asses" is

probably a nickname.
J.»J:C4 ^^.^jfcJlj, "one who anoints his eyes with live coals,"
 * J J jO ^ ^

jaU^ J^i n)
j^j^ ^ #Jo^ y^i j^^J*. i>^^^^'
Olj^ j^lj lit iUP a13I ^j ^Ib ^\ ^ ^^ J\3^

^ wjUI Aa^ ^^ O'**-^ J^J ^ iiJa^ ^'^•J'^'i O'**^^ Si^^l^

J i ^ f < J ^ J J i^ it ta O^^OJO^^

tp JajU Jl5^

1. Metre Jj^ijl, § (ill.

.fj^^..U, §456(«).
4. ^;j.Juo ji^. See LHA.^ 191 seq.

5. Metre L.>.Jt, §615.

V'^'^b- 3 is the JU^T 3!^, § 583.

6. *JI Aaf.^, i.e.

J-j^ A«^i (0'*W) ^'
8. Metre Jj^Lt, §611.
lyi^Jc».U. The pronoun probably refers to some camels

9. Text; »->.
11. Ij-i -^U, nickname of Thabit ibn Jabir, a celebrated
Pre-islamic poet. See Ancmit Arabian Poetry, p. 15; LHA., 81.
T. A. III. B
 n

^3 J^^ j^-*^ J^t Vji^^J "^ cAJ^s^J^ ^W-^ ij-> » a.>fl.,»

# tjjLaiMMO ^iri>.,rft)l C«.^. » ^ ^^ ».l<^ ^t

^«JaZJU 9.^^t^ ^UioU ^ji\^ 5

^t^ J^ ^t^ 4j t^li djjLO (J^ •>.U»aJI j^I ^Jl5 l^^

4jU^t jiJ-J U^ «|>o U^J*3^ ^ ^^J^ ^i' tybCi J-oajJ'

^>j aAJI ju^ JI5 ^U3\ to-wl JLaj^)t JU-jj 4.«i.yiio3l

J ^ ^ ^ Oi ^ 6 ^ OiO , ^ t yl i

P ul ^ C

4. Metre iu-^JI, § 615.

6. »iifc«fc.M, the well-known viceroy of *iraq under the

Caliph 'abd al Malik. LHA., 201—203.

8. ,^Ufe ^ AJUt juf , the Prophet's cousin.

10. ^jJjIUI^ cr'j'^'- These two tribes formed the bulk

of the population of Medina at the time of the Flight.

"
11. r<*^' " al , *utbi relates as follows :
 10

aSjIj'vJI w-s».U> SpL^II ^ Csi^3 fjoi-)l >jU. v>j aXJI

ajijb ^j^j >»ia*-JW «^»-^)ij pU^W ^i». W.A3 I3JI3J

jut jot ^j^ o^ aX)i jut u*j->3 ^*^W '—'W^' cy. j^fo^^

aM\ JUfr XU w a>. > c/A^I

- 1> >!/». J^i il ^IjJ v>^ *tUt

5 lib d^iJj IJub ,>« wcl^l i^Jl-tf bf b Oolj Ja J15^

^>e>»^t L^oOJU ^La ^\ dX}\ Jut Jlii j£»3 ot/»'

•^^ o^j^ ^ ^!>^ 0^ dij^i •x^^ d^a*-^ ?-^P' (,y^5

but were now dissatisfied with his conduct of affairs broke

away from him and encamped at Harura, a village near al

Kufaft. They were called the Kharijites (-j-jl^aJl) on account

of their secession (-j.jj^), or the Harurites (Aj^^j^ateJt) for the

reason mentioned above.

1. A^jlj*;^!, sing, ic^jjt, name of a Kharijite sect.

2. Ja^, LHA., 85—87.

'^1. Al 'Ahnaf ibn Qais died about 690 a.d. See

Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary translated by De
Slane, Vol. i., p. 635.
Ox J
j^j^ lived in the latter half of the first century after the

Flight. Redefined a^ju (happiness) as "security, wealth, and

health."

5. ^iJLtf bt b. 'abdallah ibn Ziyad addresses 'abdallah

ibn Khazim by his *

name of honour.'
 1^

^\£^ w»jjJi J^t a3U^ ^>j j^ si>^ ^t>

JO-
^ O^^
CH ^
^
Jy^^ .^3 vo*^
0^
0-*
c

?>^ J«>*i >«n^ J^y»

J J Si

^ju\^ ^ J^ >A O-o LT* *^' ^^^ ^ry^*"^^ ^^

j^^3 J9 ^o ^ < ^y O^ ^'-5 ^^>3 vff^^ >j^ ^ j>* >A 5

-i ^ St < I 0- «

w^
aJJI jLfft ^ft*^*^!
^^
-
^jSJ^yx^
- -

^ 3J^3 >3 **^ CH 10

^UaJt ^j^ j't^3 Of^^^ O^ ^^3 15*-*—^' ^j^ O-i

- ^ Si " " » ^ - -

Si , t i - 3 0-0 ^ <tt J -

4. »y,4^*^t j^^\j. This metaphor is derived from the

J -
game called jm^\, which was played with arrows. Seven
persons took part in and the holders of lucky arrows won
it,

the camels that formed the stakes. There were also three
unlucky arrows, any one of which might ° be described as
3 - Ot 90 -
,1

5. ^.C«g »ahJ. Cf. note on 11, 4.

8. Text : ^^^ for jAc- .

11. Text:>.jU..
13. i^j^^^. After the battle of ^iffin (657 a.d.) a large
number of those who had supported *ali against Mu'awiyah
 III. ARAB KNIGHTS.

^^ L5^ >* **^^ ^^^ ^ O'--*- J''^ «J^ *^' J^ ^^

w^^Aj «J«iJ^' tP^ L<^ ^^^^»V * ^J-^ ^jW-^ O-* L<^3*^ 0;Ai

JO J ^x je^ 3 a " ^ ' xo<- o." 3 i , J vi lO 0,

5. ^jX« ,JJ Aa«^j- See Sir Charles J. Lyall's Ancient

Arabian Poetry, pp. 43 45, 55 58. — —
7. Hassan ibn Thabit, a native of Medina, was a heathen
in his youth but afterwards embraced Islam and employed
his poetical talent in the Prophet's service. He died 674 a.d.
The authorship of these verses is disputed (Aghdrd, 14, 131 seq.).
See Ancient Arabian Poetry, p. 55.

8. Metre J^UJI, §606.

9. ^^\j by poetical licence for 4ili. Wright, ii. 88 b.

w>jj^ jxli, § 431. Wright, ii. 68 c.

10. d.o-V'^ >**• ^^- ^^^® ^^ ^2) 2-

V>?;^ jJLc ^.a».i». When an Arab is about to slaughter

a camel, he lirst cuts its hock-tendon (w>>5^)-

 I r

p»^ » ^ i ^ ^ ^ e ^ J J J J

J ^ 6 J

^ULg j^^^ jo^^^ U—^ J^ J-^AJ O^ *iWU LJUd t^Jli 5

^UUii UJW JUf '^ly iyi5 ^jj^j L^ >^j >^' ^jJ'

Sj*^ dUt^ '^'^^^ J^»>J i<^ tf

^ Arw .j j ^.^ d^X^jt^ TT'J'^ ^

UUi^ ^Hh* o^» ^ j^p # ^l^c- ».::—ot ^Ss>»- ^ Oj^ 10

,0-0 , , i^^ Jit , , J Oj •'

is parenthetical. Some commentators of this verse regard

«Jt CU5*^ Wj as the subject of ^job, supposing ^ to be

redundant; but we may translate: ''Did not he (the mes-

senger) bring thee news of what. . ..
?

2. Text: ^l^t ^ui^tju. >U is synonymous witli 2^b

and stands in apposition to it. Render, **a grievous calamity."
4. ^^^jl^-fc. Jji5 U, "what has become of your wild ass 1"

The question is addressed to the horsemen who were sent by

Hudhaifati ibn Badr to capture and kill Malik ibn Zuhair.
7. iHJ, "three nights."
10. Metreyiyi, §607.

^, §151.
11. 53^ jj^ refers to the Sjlji yj.
 1

^jl^t djJL^ iJ>A^ ^3 ^JS djsij ouJU tjuti <uliC^

jjUji (^jjfc. o' ^>* *^>** * *^^ c^ L^b O--* '-^ **-^

3 i i 1 S- i ,i ^

J^j aIU Vj*^' ^y C>^ >rb *j'j^ 4^ bi'^^-* ^^J

^3 i ^ , ^

juft lyj v>9jU5 4-iLo l^ ^^5li ^Ljj ^yJ U5J j.^-^ ;>jJ9^

^bj j^ o^ "^^^ ^ * ^r^ ^M':9'j ^W ^'

1. ^jt^t ijZis-. This is the celebrated poet and

cavalier, 'antarah ibn Shaddad, author of one of the Mu^allaqdt.
He belonged to 'abs and took part with his tribe in the war
against Dhubyan. LHA., 114.

2. Metre Jj^ijl, §611.

The Arabs sometimes express admiration of, or

wonder at, a thing by attributing it to God.

jj! is here equivalent to ^"nJ.

4. 4AjJk^ ^j ^^-JUr*- w* ™^y ^® rendered "in re-

taliation for." Wright, 11. 161 b— 162 a.

3
11. Metre jit^t, § 607. These verses belong to the same
poem as those cited above, p. 10, 1. 3.

«iJLJb by poetical licence for ^liUb. The clause ^.^ ^^^^

jJe AjUUI ,j^ d^^ji cr^i^ A»-^ ^^ i^y^ A^l ,J-o

^>\^m. aZ^U 0^3 t^ij # >J ^ ,^-ii l^j^ ^

^>!OlJ)t C<%«i< 5 v,/tfU*J i<^^ 0^^5 w^ O^ V>*^' ^^O'^^ ^

4»L« w'Alxj J^} jJ>J tr^ ^' LCJU dJj\ JJU j^ rt4.jj>^

^yt Jk».t ^^ 4-j ^JL:.lk« ^) *;^)L£9 1.^ JUi J^t J^

J -f it,* 3 ^ 3 St

«t>rf J ^ JO^J J^O^ WO^

Ol J^ ^^tJI ^>Cw3 AAJjk». t^-tfuii djl».3 t;^Xfr». ^«.^t

4JbJ^ ^^^'^ Ajj-Ut ,^jl ,J-« aLUJJt Jjj j-jAj jJJ ^u

which are compared to successive shots of an arrow from the

bow (cf. 5^ juJ, p. 11, 1. 3).

*^)Llo wwJbJi. The subject of O^Jb^ is dL.JSi\ ojub or some

such phrase, which must be supplied from the context.

3. Metre jiiyi, §607.

mj\\ U^, "and (hast not thou heard of) what, etc.?"

Aghdni (16, 28, last line) has Lo^ for U^.

3L0NI 0I5 was the finishing-point of the course over
which the two horses tried their speed.
12. Text: 2ujJLi\.
 1

^ >y ft

/e*j O^ ^j'^ *^^>^^ cr*»-'3 O^^^ (>?*J' aJ 0>^ '-o^'

jfju a5U ,^_jJU

o^P' bto'^J^ jjcj O^ J-o-=»^ Sjj*,^ ^l>t«J'3

15^ JJ^ O^ J*<^»- CH*^^ */tJ^ V^*^ *:J^' '^^^ jV^

ftU^ ^t j^j^^^ Ot^**^^^ J^J-^ L5~^ ^W^ w>ljL.tJt >sXS3

J^>«^ JUi JaliJI 0-* L5^"'5' ^J^ 'j-A^f O^ l^iuLli

10 ^JkaJI Ob*^^ '*^3J c^ J^ U**:i* W ^iXZij-j jju ^-J

^J^t ^ 'NU^t UAi J15 Jaw^l JUa^t Jiji^ ^yi j^l

ui^ ijiiji Jlofc^b S^\^ Oii *M« ^:^*X3 eSu ol^XIji

2. Qais ibn Zuhair was chieftain of *abs. The chieftain

of Dhubyan at this time (the latter half of the sixth century
A.D.) was Hudhaifah ibn Badr, whose brother, Hamal ibn Badr,
matched his mare against Dahis. Both tribes dwelt in the
north-western angle of al Najd, the central highland of the
Arabian peninsula, and on the borders of the Hijaz.

12. t%t oU^JuoJi ^j-^' Instead of t*^ some read

^^, '*a contending for superiority." The speaker means to

say that victory in a race is won by sustained exertion, not by

a single effort. The race itself consists of a number of laps
h\^j ^JLft JU^ ^V ly^l^ i^j s:uj».i 131 Sljit o»

fjy>^ lyX»,Jui ^1 J^ [yflf j^^ <Jt3y lAtbj (^la*i ajj.5

C>i5 bl i5UI J[,l 0>o^>J 'y^^ L^J^' ajW^ ^liii J^ 5

^b ly*.liu «^J>3 4-Ot 51^1 j^^ AJ^ j^^^ J-!^*^' ***J^

joj^ jy^ ^^l c^*<jJ V^AJ ^••^ V:* **J

O^ >»^ 10

L^ OLjUCo^ ^^ JUJI 0>Ih Wi:»

r^^"^' ^^^' '>^^
JO^ 2 JxO£ J 9 ^ 9 Oi
%af.j^\ 4Jt^ 'w^t^^aJb ^o^t ^bu AJUtj ^^ J'^^^J

^^ si^*^' s!?^' f^ ^!^ ^ ^^

i*
^^ VUJ'^
^ 0-

j^»>t^ AMttto^tf^ Alt

II. THE WAR OF DAHIS AND AL GHABRA.

^ »J 0, m t.f JO * 0* 3

OW3^ cr^ <>ti fe'j^b J-r^b V>^ «*^tj^ >»' J^ 15

l^».U ^^jJt ^,^1 o^^ J<i^ O^ vi^j On» c^jW ^^'

—
-^
13. ir^'^t, y.e., unacquainted with the ancient Scriptures,
* Gentile.'

15. Sj^M^ ^t, a famous philologist and antiquary who died

about 825 a.d. LUA., 344.
 v>* ViJ^ {^ VJ>^3 djL-JJ su^j-»^i %^^ vJ^ J>*^'

V>f fV >V» J^^^ ^ Vj^aiJI Ut^ ^1 4.31 ^rfc-**^*^

ot J ^ ^ >o J ^ J a ^ ^ i OS.

* * * aJUI ^^ j^AA J^t^^3 O^^

-3 yie.

Ml J 0, we 3^0,, % ^ i %, , ^ 3

^ ei Si 3 wje^^< ^^^ oc
10 ty^jt t^t tylO ^a^Jt w^Laa. Utj 9--UJtj ^>k3I <i3UwI
^ 3^ ^ ^ « '^'. **^ ^0'
^Jk^ djjLitf tj
) ,; >tf ia» ly<U kX»>t^ Jti**>. ^ J^d^t L5^ vJ'd^^
i 3 0^ 3 ixjoxuie^ ^o.:j
Obtpt w%«a^.7 w^t wJlJCs ^t^t ^MtfL* Ulj A^'^P jL.,.glJI

Ai^WP
UI3
^^OJ 3 ot
bl t>ilx5 t<o)3*Jl >». lyJ t^i^JiU ^^>!h' V'>^' L5^
J mftjx (i^ ^st w^ <j^ <•£
OUJ*^t UI3 AJLwoU t^J^ d^AJLbt^ 4JLfr ^^^3 *^^^} tjlji^rft

X(4J ^ 5^ ^ ^ * 3 ^* ^

w we oox JO 3 -'«£ JO'

w ^ ^ 0^ we ^oe ^ 3 30 ^

6. Text: oJl£»j.
16. Text: t^j^^. According to Dozy, the use of the
second form of this verb for the fifth is a vulgarism.
w>;.« a^ u
^i><g <<^ J*^i 1/::*-^ 0>^ jiSUaJt ijjb ^t Sy^}^

< <" ^ «» <•

Ol3JLaL.ll Oldjl ^-5 jU-JI ^./aJ^J j^^l/^J 4.0-Jv-f^'j ^UJ*^!

ia».UJi JI53 oL*Jl^ <V>^ >UJt ^t o^Aw ^ otj dAft 15

15. Jx».UJt. Literally, "the goggle-eyed." •amr ibn Bahr

al Jahiz of al Basrah, whose appearance gained for him this
sobriquet^ by which he is generally known, was a celebrated
theologian and man of letters in the early 'abbasid period
(died 869a.d.). He composed a work on rhetoric, which has
contributed some pages to the present volume, but the words
quoted above in reference to the Ghoul occur in his KiiAh al
IJaiyawdn or Book of Animah (Cairo, 1325 a.h., part 6, p. 48,
1. 10).
 O^^ji j>^' '>^>^ w>/*iJ' O^ s:u*ii^l 131 jJUl wJl^ (jiJi

3 ' 3 ^ 3 ^ 5^j0 cx

^0-^ o^W ^/ l5J^' ^l^' ^jjj' 0I3 >»^' jj^ u^< O'
3^3 ^wx uiC JJ^^O

15 J><L; >iU3 j^j aJ U**.^^-^ d^3 ^^^ f^>-*:J

>5lkJI 5;^-^
3 3 0'

0, ^ 3 3^ OiO 3 " 0>o ' ^3

8. Some MSS. of the Mustatraf read t>*jUj5

13. Variant: ixl^j (' goes forth ').

17. Metre wWit, §621.

Jtf5^ ^cvjij AJ>**->-^
^J>*' c>^ J^}^ J^ ^> VJ>^>-i

^JJI ^.^JJI O-JljiUt Vu »-jji-I«»t3 i«^K>Jx« OJl-^3

oL-rfl i*.^^ 15-^^' C>-f *^^ >^^3 j^>*^-^b J*^' Ut-fJ^ 5

^j-3 j-*.'^)! J*»-J wJbJJI ?-^^ wJkjjt v>i3tjjUI j^t

* « « 4..3t50t

9.^^ lit w*/*'' wJl^

'
iJ>jjA« ^;.a^ >»2JJt ^»*J^^'jl J^5,
>»• .. ^ ^

^^^I^ ^^:'^ tjjiw^ d^d jUft <aC:5U t^AJi^ ^»v^ J^^^ij OU l^t

3. 'abdu '1 Muttalib was the Prophet's grandfather.

4. ^;jbjJt c>^'!>iJi, § 494.

7. ^^JJt ^\klo, the plates of gold which were affixed

to the door of the Ka'bah.

12. Text: a^jJI for iJUI.

 , ^ Si J J m " ojkJ^ jj J e^ J , ^

4-j5 j^ cAjj-S cJl^ i«^)i ^1 «J JUL) JL^ aC^j^ jUJ»

^ ^ ^ b ^ ,> St ^ ^ ^ ^ St i

6 > J

l^t^ ^J*-^o^ t^^t lT^^*^

loJLCd IaL».I 0-«j \}^^

J^ ly cA:!j^ <t<fc ^J ^*J^ woLCJ !*.oJt j-i S^lijJl

^^ lAJJ^ jJlJue b 4j ^fcj-«t 0*»" >»v^ J^ J^^ is^

3 J ^ ot 3 ot ^ * 3 Oi b^ 3 ai 3

Jx xO X OA ixj Jx », 3 m3
jff^ I^JU».li i«lj-5CJb ou*iJt Ji»-I j^^ dJUj j)^J^ aJU!

1. ^Cl j .... I^iiii '^^. Kor. 17, 33.

4. Al Farazdaq was a famous poet of the Umaiyad period

(died 728 A.D.). LHA., 242.
8. U**^ ^C*-' 0-«i- Ko^- ^ 35.

10. Qusaiy, a legendary ancestor of the Prophet, is sup-

posed to have been the founder of various institutions relating
to the Meccan pilgrimage. LHA., 64.

A2
4*
^^3 O^ voyV^ *>^ !/^3 ^J^3 Ol3 ^ ^ ^^
O^ li; 131 v>*)i wJV^ j^^^t
^^ ji>jju ^^^-:»-J^ uij

J ^ OfO ^i ^ ^ JJ ^ ^ ^ ^ J ^ OJ

d^.j-L;:».l3 jjUau-iJI ^^.o^ jJ-0 (./**»g Ji'^y^^^ waIcwN)!^ j-»-j^l^

9 J i O J J J i

ib' '^i* \^.} ^^ V-^ L5^J j^j s/r^^ V^ L5^

x^^ ^0 >>^<- it ^ ^ } ot at i: ^^ J J i

' <M ^ ( i JJO^ t *• ji, t

^»k^^ dj,^-^ JU lv-» jiJ 131^ U^lj ,^1 j9^S^\ ojj til 15

1. -Jl wJl^. See note on \J^y above.

3. Ul*.t cJLo^. " She (the mother) joined the female's

brother (to the female)," i.e. she brought forth two (one female

and one male) at a birth.

6. o^Lij!i . . . .
C}. Kor. 5, 92.

16. J,J»i> yk^.... tilj. Kor. 16, 60.

I. THE MANNERS, CUSTOMS, AND BELIEFS OF
THE PRE-ISLAMIC ARABS.

L5^ J> ^3 '^^-^ Vjj^ 'y'^ ^J^3 *V'i' VjJtJJ

^^ ^ ^ »• ^ ^ ^f , ^ 3 Si tO ^ <• y , ^ , JJO^

wjJJCJI 4jJt j^jXc Oij^ 'jj"*^ cHJ^' O^^ ^'^ *^3

J j^a i

^^1 l^it t^^ 1^3 j-ai.^)l o^^ i>^' ^—»^ ^^:-»-p

?0^ .* J ,0 i ^ 3, ^ 3I i

3. 0>^:i '^
-J*^ ^- Kor. 5, 102.

S^^ v^, § 448 {/), Rem. b.

5. ijl C-Jl^. The complement of C*Jl^ is t^jA^, and

the sense is the same as it would have been if instead of

C*Jl^ the author had written t^l^, which the syntax
requires (Wright, 11. 10 d). Such constructions often occur
when, as here, the substantive verb is separated from its
complement by one or more subordinate clauses.
8. ^jl£»^. Here the complement of ^l^ is omitted,
and the nominal sentence 4J\ jJis- *^ takes its place.

JL^\, §345, Rem. « (ii).

iJI Hi ^)Li, Wright, 11. 97 b.

T. A. III. A
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