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“Don’t be certain in life because
human mind is always unpredictable.”
Human nature is what makes a person what he/she really
is, or what she can do during his/her lifetime. It may be
viewed in three levels:
1. Somatic
- In somatic level refers to the bodily substance animated
upon conception. This substance assumes the potentiality
to grow and develop into a living human flesh which is
capable of sensation.
Human nature is what makes a person what he/she really
is, or what she can do during his/her lifetime. It may be
viewed in three levels:
2. Behavioural
- the behavioural level refers to the mode of acting of every
human being. He/ she has universal way of acting or
conducting himself/herself properly.
- This is anchored on the principle that every human being
has a behaviour distinctly unique from other grades of being.
Human nature is what makes a person what he/she really
is, or what she can do during his/her lifetime. It may be
viewed in three levels:
3. Attitudinal
- attitudinal level refers to his/her mental reaction to a given
a stimulus. It manifests the human person’s drive to live a life
he/she wants conditioned upon personal responsibility and
accountability.
The Human Person as an
Embodied Spirit
Your respective body is a reality. Does it move because of
the pumping of its heart and the thinking of the brain? Can
the body exist without soul or spirit?
Isthe soul, spirit? Or vice-versa? Can it exist without the
body?
Is the spirit in the heart or in mind of the human person? Or,
is it in the whole human body?
There are three philosophical systems or doctrines
with regard to the elements or substances constituting
the human persons. These systems or doctrines are:
1. Dualism
- Is the doctrine that all the phenomena of the
universe can be explained by two separate and
distinct substances such as mind and matter.
- human person is a composite of two elements:
body and spirit
The dualist doctrine is subdivided into two views:
radical
moderate
RADICAL DUALISM
2. Monism
Is the doctrine that the universe can be explained by one
substance such as matter, mind, or some other single thing or
force.
Itimpliedly holds that he/she is only of one simple element or
substance.
The monistic view is split into two camps: the idealist and the
materialistic.
Idealistmonism upholds the idea that human person
is purely spiritual.
According to George Berkley, claimed that matter has no
real existence independent from the mind, for without the
mind, there is no matter.
Materialist monism argues that only the body is real.
The body is the human person itself. The idea of spirit is
only an illusion.
According to Karl Marx, claimed that the human person is
purely a material entity, a cog of a machine.
There are three philosophical systems or doctrines with regard to the
elements or substances constituting the human persons. These
systems or doctrines are:
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Thehuman person is a child of the universe, a part of nature
and small world. The big universe, the cosmos and the planet
earth are our universal and global community here and
beyond.
Asa part and member of this community, human beings are
one with its physical environment.
The choice is ours to make NOW: to care and preserve the
environment for sustainable development, or to destroy
the ecological balance and perish with it.
“thestate shall protect and advance the right of the people
to a balanced and helpful ecology in accord with the
rhythm and harmony of nature”(Section 16, Article II).
CASE: FROM RAGS TO RICHES by J.R.
Joven
Guide Questions:
1. Did John enrich himself at the expense of others, of the environment?
2. How about the purchase of agricultural land for his housing projects,
did it affect or not the thrust or drive for sustainable development?
3. Did John demonstrate the virtues of prudence and frugality towards
environment particularly in terms of land conversion from agriculture to
industrial or commercial purposes?
ENVIRONMENT
It implies clean and simple human living and a lifestyle tinged with an attitude
of contentment for what one has for the day but prudently mindful of
tomorrow’s contingency, the needs of others and the next generation.
Human Living
HANNAELISEGIBODEGUZMAN
Live life in its fullness in
genuine relationship with
others.
Freedom of the Human Person
Guide Questions:
1. How would you assess Pedro’s exercise of his freedom?
2. Who is to blame for his messy adolescent life, the parents,
community, government or himself?
3. Is there still hope for Pedro to mend his ways? How?
4. Putting yourself in the shoes of Pedro, what would you want in life
and do to rightfully enjoy real human freedom?
What is human freedom?
The
freedom of choice by which he/she directs his/her
moral acts.
Guide Questions:
1. As you critically reflect on the selection, what thought came into
your mind about the problem of poverty?
2. If you are not a victim of poverty, what feelings have been evoked
in you for those marginalized?
3. What if you are an indigent child or a person with disability (PWD),
what will your attitude toward self compared to other children so
blest with bounty and privileges in life?
According to Martin Buber, there are two ways of relating with
others: the I – IT mode and the I-THOU mode
I – IT relationship
The human person treats his/her fellow human persons as objects, tool
or instrument
This treatment falls under utilitarian mechanism
He/she uses others, like machine, to achieve purpose or interest.
He/she reduces them into a thing of utility
Only what is useful is good.
I in the I – IT relationship is not the wholesomeness of the human
person but only a part of him/her that is interacting with others (Buber)
“ Man is an end himself, and
should not be treated as an
instrument or a tool
- EMMANUEL KANT
”
I – THOU Relationship
The human person considers his/her fellow humans as subjects and ends in
themselves.
There is an atmosphere of openness, commitment, reciprocity, personal
involvement, care and love.
The lover and the beloved, who are both subjects, care for each other.
One or the other is valued, in itself, as a human person with dignity.
The human person has to relate with others in full human way.
Law is not necessary
The human person is a rational animal, her animality tends to
relate strongly in an I-IT mode. Once this predominates, there
will be chaos, anarchy and individualism. Everyone begins
to take law into his/her hands. The law of the jungle comes
in, so that only the strongest and the fittest survive and rule.
It is a tooth for a tooth, an eye for an eye situation.
FILIPINO PHILOSOPHICAL
PERSPECTIVE
In the I-THOU mode, the human person learns to become fully human
(humanness)
This humanness is akin to “taong nagpakatao” in Filipino perspective
To bring our “pagkatao” in fulness, we promote “pagpapakatao”.
Filipinos have another life giving experience which is “pakikipagkapwa”
(shared being)
It is a sacred act for good and noble purpose.
The idea of “kapwa” is the basis for Filipino groupism.
They demonstrate this pakikipagkapwa in basic sense of :
Justice, Fairness, Empathy, generosity, mutual assistance and hospitality
HUMAN PERSON IN THE
SOCIETY
For your information….
Pantheism – belief that God and the universe are the same, or the
doctrine that God is an expression of the physical forces of nature.
For Plato – God is the eternal idea, the Unity in diversity, the
Universality underlying individuality.
2. DIVINE RIGHT THEORY
”
IT HAPPENS
– WOODY ALLEN
DEATH
Death is already in the past, but “ not yet ” in the future, it is the “already” and the
“not yet” in human existence
It is an impending possibility and an inevitable reality
Describes the Human Person as an embodied paradox, a living dead.
Meaning of death as the possibility of “measureless impossibility” of human
existence
But there is one thing left after death:
”
SHARING…..
FILIPINO PHILOSOPHICAL
PERSPECTIVE
The Ilocanos from the South have two terms for soul:
“Al-alia” – means “ghost”, specter, apparition, spirit.
- the companion of the body, come to the beside of a dying
person, stays in the area after death and appears to relatives in dreams
“Karkarma” – means soul, vigor, energy, strength, power, ghost
- it stays with the individuals and leaves the body through the
nose only only when the person dies.
For the Tagalogs, soul is the “kaluluwa” of the deceased person.
For the Mangyans of Mindoro, the Cebuano, the Visayan and
Bicolanos, it is “kalag”, the soul after death.