Shahnama 09 Firduoft

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THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSI.

Doue into English by
ARTHUR GEORGE WARNER, M.A.
AND
EDMOXD WARXER, B.A.
Tlie vear a.d. 1010 saw the completion of the Shdhndma, the great
1'er.siair ei)ic. Its author, the poet Firdausi, spent over thirty Ifoori;
ou'4 vears in its coiiipositiou, only to experience, when the task had
ot m-
been" actiieved, a heart-breaking disappointment weU worthy
clusiou in any record of tiie calamities of authors. His worii has
to be
sur-v-ived the test of time, and by general consent is accounted
one of the few great epics of the world. Geographically, and in some
other resiiects, it may be said to stand half-way between the epics ol
Europe and those of India. In its own land it has no peer, wnile in
construction and subject-matter it is uni(|ue. Other epics ct\utre
round some heroic cliaracter or incident to which all else is sub.ser-
vient. In the .^liAhndma there is no lack either of heroes or of in-
cidents, but its real hero is the ancient Persian people, and its theme
their whole surviving legendary history from the days of the Pirst
Man to tiie death of the last Sdsiinian Shdh in the middle of the seventh
alone
century of our era. It is the glory of the Persian race that they own
among all nations possess such a record, based as it is on their
traditions and set lorth in the words of their greatest poet. In another
sense, too, the Shdhndma is unique. Tlie authors of the other great
epics tell us little or nothing of their own personalities
or of their
sources of information. Their works are fairy palaces suspended in
mid air we see the result, but know not how it was achieved. The
;
author of the Shillindma takes us into his confidence from the first, so
tliat in reading it we are let into the secret of epic-making, and can
apply the knowledge lliiis gained to solve the problem of the con-
struction of its great congeners. To the student ot comparative
mytliiilogv and folk-lore, to the lover of historic romance or roniantic
historv, and to all that are fond of tales of high achievements and the
gests of inToes. the Sbdiniama is a stoiclioiisc of ricli and abundant
material. To set forth a com]ilete presentment of it with the needful
notes and elucidations is tlie object of the present translation, made
—
from two of tlie best printed texts of the original that of Vullers and
Laudauer, an<l that of Turner Macau.
THE
SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSl
DONE INTO ENGLISH BY
ARTHUR GEORGE WARNER, MA.

AND
EDMOND WARNER, B A.
The homes that are the diceUincjs of to-day

Will sinic 'neath shower and sunshine to decay.
Hut storm and rain shall never mar what I
Have built^the pulace of my poetry." ,
FiRDAUSI.
VOL. IX
LONDON:
KEG AN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO., L^
BROADWAY HOUSE I CARTER LANE, E.G.
1925
The rights of translation and of re /reduction are reserved.
PIMNTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY THE DEVONSHIRE PRESS, TORQUAY

THE SHAHNAMA
VOL. IX.
\
CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS

" "
Page ix, lines 1-3, for v, xi, xii," read vii, xiii, xv."
" " "
Page 130, Col. I, line 14 from bottom, for xii nacf xv."
" " "
Page 131, Col. I, line 21, for xii read xv."
"
Pages "123-133, in
"
the case of
" "
Roman
" numerals, fvr
'
vii reod
ix," for viii read x etc.
Page 195, Col. 2, line 11, delete first comma.

Page 196, Col. I, from bottom, delete "Ahran."
line 11
Page 216, Col. 2, after line 10 from bottom, insert " Reign of,
J57, V, 281 seq. Note on, v, 281."
from bottom, delete "
Page 225, Col. I, line S Bandwi."
Page 240, Col. 2, line 13 from bottom, before " 102 " insert "
i."
" " "
Page 245, Col. 2, line 12, for 162 read 162."
Page 251, Col. I, line 11 from bottom, after "of" insert comma.
Page 257, Col. 2, line 11, before and after "vitrified" inseit
comma.
Page 268, Col. 2, line 15 from^ bottom, after" oi" insert comma.
"
Page 276, Col. I, line 3 from bottom, read Olympias."
Page 279, Col. 2, line 5 from bottom, for " 363 " read " 263."
" " "
Page 289, Col. I, line 25, for 140 read 140."
Col. line 10
"
Page 302, _>, from bottom, /o^ 85 read "23."
" " "
Page 310, Col. I, line 3, for ig6 read 171."
from bottom, "
Page 311, Col. 2, line 15 after "by" insert viii,
190.
"
Page 327, Col. 2, line 31 end, add ix, 23."
" " "
Page 328, Col. I, line 26, for 205 read 105."
Page 334, Col. I, line 7, for "Northman" read "Northmen."
Page 337, Col. 2, line 2 from bottom, add " viii, 108."
Page 362, Col. I, line 7 from bottom, insert comma at end.
Page 363, Col. I, line 25 end, insert comma.

" "
Page 366, Col. I, line 23, before 137" insert vii."
"
Page 372, Col. 1, line 14, delete vi."
"
Page 385, Col. I, line 23, delete 176."
"
Page 386, Col. 2, line 10 from bottom, after Khnrasdn," insert
"
176."
"
Page 39X, Col. 2, line 7 from bottom, delete Yazdagird."
PREFATORY NOTE
The General Index at the end of this vohime should
be consulted in preference to the Indexes to the
—
separate volumes of this work. E.W.
CONTENTS
Prefatory Note ........
........
PAQB
v
Abbreviations
Note on Pronunciation ....... xi
xii
THE SASANIAN dynasty (concluded)
KuBAD (Commonly Called Shirwi) —

SKCT.
1. How Shirwi ascended the Throne, announced his
2. How
Counsel and Excuses ....
Will, and sent Chiefs to his Father with
Khusrau Parwiz answered Shirwi . .

8
15
3. How Shirwi grieved for Khusrau Parwiz and how
the Chiefs were displeased thereat . .
27
4. How Barbad lamented Khusrau Parwiz, cut off his
5. How
Music
the Chiefs
.......
own Fingers, and burned his Instruments of
demanded from Shirwi the Death

29
6. How
of
Mihr Hurmuzd .....
Khusrau Parwiz and how he was slain by
Shirwi asked Shirin in Marriage, how Shirin

32
killed herself, and how Shirwi was slain .

36
Ardsiii'r, Son of Shirwi —

1. How Ardshir, Son of Shirwi, ascended the Throne
and harangued the Chiefs . .
-44
2. How Guraz was displeased at Ardshir being Shah
^ .
....
and how he caused Ardshir to be slain by
Piruz Son of Khusrau
45
Guraz (also called Farayin)—
I. How Guraz (also called Farayin) received News of
the Slaying of Ardshir, hastened to Iran, took
Possession of the Throne, and was killed by
Shahranguraz . . . .
.51
PiJrAndukht—
1. How Purandukht ascended the Throne and slew
Life ended ......

Piriiz, Son of Khusrau, and how her own
ix
56
CONTENTS
AzARMDUKHT-
SECT. PAGE
I. How Azarmdukht
—
she died ......
ascended the Throne and how
59
FarrukhzAd
I. How
....
Farrukhziid ascended the Throne and
was slain by a Slave
how he
61
Yazdagird —
2.
1.
How
the Chiefs ......
How Yazdagird ascended the Throne and addressed
Sa'ad, Son of Wakkas, invaded Iran, how

70
Yazdagird sent Rustam to oppose him, and

how Rustam wrote a Letter to his Brother 72
3.
and how he rephed ....
How Rustam wrote to Sa'ad, Son of Wakkas,
78
4.
and was slain .....
How Rustam fought with Sa'ad, Son of Wakkas,
83
5.
6.
How
How
went to Khurasan .....
Yazdagird consulted with the Iranians and
Yazdagird wroê to Mahwi of Siir .

85
89
7. How Yazdagird wrote to the Marchlords of Tiis 90
8.
9.
How
Siir
How Mahwi
......
Yazdagird went to Tiis and how Mahwi of
met him
war with
of Siir incited Bi'zhan to
95
10.
.....
Yazdagird and how Yazdagird fled and hid
himself in a Mill
How Mahwi of Siir sent the Miller to kill Yazdagird,
96
11.
to forbear ......
and how the Archmages counselled Mahwi
How Yazdagird was slain by Khusrau, the Miller

lOI
107
12. How Mahwi of Sur was informed of the Obsequies
of Yazdagird and ascended the Throne 1 12
13. How Bizhan, hearing of the Slaying of Yazdagird,
and of Mahwi of Siir's Accession to the
Throne, led forth the Host to fight with him "5
14. How Mahwi
of Bizhan
of Siir
.....
was taken and slain by Order
118
Index
15.
. ....
Account of the Completion
General List of Abbreviations

of the Shahnama 121
123
135
General Table of Contents .
139
Corrections and Additions 177
General Index 191
ABBREVIATIONS
C.—Macan's edition of the Shahnama
L. — Lumsden's do.
P.— Mohl's do.
T. — Tihran do.
v.— Vullers' do.
BCM. The Chahar Maqala (" Four Discourses ") of Nidhami-i-

'Ariidi-i-Samarqandi. Translated into EngUsh by
Edward G. Browne, M.A., M.B.
CTC. Theophanis Chronographia. Ex Recensione loannii
Classeni.
LEC. The Lands of the Eastern Califate. By G. Le Strange.
NIN. Das Iranische Nationalepos von Theodor Noldeke.
NT. Geschichte der Perser und Araber sur Zeit der Sasaniden
. . . von. Th. Noldeke.
RM. The Rauzat-us-safa ; or, Garden of Purity. .
By
. .
Mirkhond. . . . Translated ... by E. Rehatsek.

RSM. The Seventh Great Oriental Monarchy. By George
Rawlinson, M.A.
ZT. Chronique de Abou-Djafar-Mo'hammed-Ben-Djarir-Ben-
Yezid-Tabari, traduite Par M. Hermann Zoten-. . .
burg.
xiu
NOTE ON PRONUNCIATION
"
a as in water."
"
i as in pique."
"
u as in rude."
"
a as in servant."
"
i as in sin."
"
M as in foot."
"
ai as in time."
"
au as in ou in cloud."
"
g is always hard as in give."
"
kh as ch in the German buch,"
"
zh ^^ in azure,"
XV
IV
THE SASlNIAN DYNASTY

(Concluded)
VOL. IX.
XLIV
KUBAD (COMMONLY CALLED SHIRWI)

HE REIGNED SEVEN MONTHS
'
ARGUMENT
Kiibtid on his accession sends two cliiefs to accuse of niis-
governniont the fallen and imprisoned Shah, Khusrau Parvviz,
who justifies himself at great length. His fall is made the
subject of a lament by Barbad, the minstrel, who afterwards
mutilates himself. The chiefs, noticing symptoms of remorse
in Kubad, insist upon the death of Khusrau Parwiz who is
kilh'd with all his other sons. Kubad falls in love with,
and wishes to marry, Shiri'n, who poisons herself rather than
consent, and Kubad himself is poisoned soon afterwards.
NOTE
The days of the reign of Kubad (Kobad II., Feb. -Sept.',
A.D. 628) were few and evil. Tradition already had prepared
the ground for this in the unfavourable account given of
his early years. ^ The murder of his father was followed by
that of all his brothers, and by the tragic death of Shirin,
while in addition to all these horrors a frightful pestilence
broke out in his reign and the great mortality that ensued
still further weakened the resources of an already almost
cxliausted country and hel])ed to pave the way for the suc-
cessful Arab invasion of a few years later on. Kubad is
represented in the poem as a loutish, uneducated youth,-
but even if his abilities had been great it is difficult to see
how he could Ijave extricated himself from the coil in which
' •
See Vol. viii., p. 390 Id,
3
4 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt
he found himself involved without mishap to himself or
others. He owed his release from prison and perhaps his
life to the very conspirators that subsequently
demanded
of him for their own security the death of his father.
To
have refused would have been fatal to himself, while in all
father and his brothers, with the exception
probability his
of one who would have been made Shah, would have perished
all It is inconceivable that the conspirators would
the same.
have run the risk to themselves of restoring Khusrau Parwiz,
with his black record of ingratitude as instanced by his treat-
ment of Bandwi and Gustaham,i to \^\^ former position as
ruler. With the exception of his infatuation for Shirin, which
can be as historical, Kubad throughout his
regarded
hardly
short reign was the victim of circumstances.
§§ 1 and 2. Kharrad, son of Barzin, was one of the niost
trusted ministers of Khusrau Parwiz and planned the assassina-
tion of Bahram Chubina.^ According to Tabari he fell at
the battle of Dhu Kar.^
As the epoch of the Sasanian Dynasty draws to an end
through scenes of deepening tragedy the legitimist leanings
of the tradition seem to become more and more pronounced
and we have an instance here. It is hardly to be supposed,
historically speaking, that
formal charges of misgovernmcnt
were drawn up against, and as formally answered by, Khusrau
Parwiz, but rather that someone, desirous of vindicating
that Shah's memory and conversant with the circumstances
of the time, soon after his death drew up the charges and the
replies thereto. Versions of them are given in both the

Arabic and Persian Tabari and elsewhere. Four of the
as well as in the Shah-
charges are found in both the Tabaris
nama.* They are :
—
1. The murder by Khusrau Parwiz of his father Hurmuzd.
2. The .illegitimate accumulation of treasure as a result
of the financial oppression of the people.
3. The harsh treatment of the royal princes.
4. The refusal to restore the True Cross.
To these the Arabic Tabari adds :
—
1. The general ill-treatment of all prisoners.
2. Enforced recruiting for the royal Haram even of
women already married.
' '
? See Vol. viii., 354 seq. Id. p. 331 seq. Id. p. iQQ-
p.
NT, 363 seq, ZT, ii., 334 se^.
KUBAD [COMMONLY CALLED SHlRWl) 5
3. The keeping of the troops for a long period absent

from home.
The Persian Taburi adds :
—
1. The imprisonment of the troops defeated by the Arabs
at Dhu Kar and by Heraclius. •
2. The exactions of arrears of tribute for the previous
twenty or thirty years.

3. The attempt to slay the youthful Yazdagird (after-
wards the last Sasanian Shah).
4. The deposition of Nu'man, prince of Hira.^
5. The mutilation and subsequent execution of Mardan-
shah.-
In the Arabic Tabari eight charges are made against
—
Khusrau Parwiz two of which those relating to the royal
Haram and the refusal to restore the " True Cross " are —
left unanswered.
In the Persian Tabari eleven charges are formulated to
each of which in the same order an answer is made. Some
of the charges, however, must be regarded as later additions
while that relating to Nu'man is not likely to have suggested
itself to a Persian and must come from an Arab source. In
the Shahnama there are eight charges, all of which are more
or less answered, but not in the same order as they are pre-
ferred, but in the following:
—
1, 6, 7, 8, 2, 5, 3, 4. Thus
Khusrau Parwiz replies to the most serious accusations —
those of offences against persons first. The Shahnama —
agrees most closely wath the Arabic Tabari, supplies the missing
"
answer mth regard to the True Cross," but does not deal
with the (jravamen of the royal Haram question, as that par-
ticular charge is not one of those mentioned in the jôem.
Galinush subsequently served in the war against the Arabs,
fought at the Battle of the Bridge, and was perhaps slain at
Kadisiya.^
§ 5. Indignant legitimate tradition is naturally very
wroth with Mihr Hurnmzd, the murderer of Khusrau Parwiz,
whom it describes as the lowest of the low and vilest of the
vile. According to Tabari, however. Mihr Hurmuzd was the
son of Mardanshah, the governor of Nimriiz and one of the
most obedient and faithful of Khusrau Parwiz' officials. In
the Persian Tabari's version of the Romance of Bahram
'
'
See Vol. viii., p. 190. See p. 6.
'
NT, p. 365 note. RM, Pt. II., vol. iii., pp. 95, 116.
6 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSi
Chubina that hero's brother, Yalaii-sina in the Sliahnama, is
called Mardanshab. Yalan-sina is always represented as
being one of Bahram (.'hubina's most loyal adherents just as
the other brother, Gurdwi, was a firm supjjorter of Khusrau
Parwiz, while their- sister Gurdya held an intermediate position,
faithful to Bahram Chubina, but opposing his kingl}'- ambition
in every way in her power. Later on when married to Gus-
taham, the maternal uncle of Khusrau Parwiz, she agreed,
on condition that she should become the Shah's wife and that
a full amnesty should be given to all her adherents, to murder
he..- husband and did so. There would be nothing strange
therefore in Mardanshah, if identical with Yalan-sina, becoming
reconciled to, and receiving high oflfice from, Khusrau Parwiz.
He would serve one master as faithfully as he served the other.
In the circumstances the strange thing would have been lor
the treacherous Shah not to have taken the first convenient
occasion against him. According to the story the Shah,
two years before his deposition, consulted the astrologers
who informed him that his death would come from Nimrvlz.
He therefore began to siispect and summoned Mardanshah,
but finding no pretext for putting him to death, as he was
perfectly loyal and withal an aged man, determined merely
to cut off his right hand and make him a large i)resent of money
as compensation. The sentence was carried out. Mardan-
shah regarded such a mutilation as worse than death and,
when shortly afterwards the Shah was good enough to send
and express his regret for what had occurred, asked the
Shah to grant hini a boon. The Shah swore to do so, on which
Mardanshah requested that his head should be struck off
in order to wipe out the disgrace put upon him. The Shah,
bound by his oath, felt himself obliged to consent and the
execution took place accordingly. The Shah wished to make
Mardanshah's son governor of Nimruz, but he refused and
withdrew from the army.^ He joined the conspiracy against
Khusrau Parwiz^ and by avenging his father on the Shah
justified the prediction of the astrologers.
The account given by Theophanes of the last days of the
Shah is different. As a general rule it is not prudent to put
iaith in stories of what occurred in Oriental palaces or prisons,
but owing to the special circumstances of the case his in-
formation may be good in this instance, as it appears to be
»NT, p. 379. ZT, ii., 330. "See Vol. viii., p. 196.

KUDAD [COMMONLY CALLED SHIRWI) 7
on letters written by ireniclius. After the capture of

l);iso<!
Klnisrau Parwi'z by the (H)n.s])irators, he was bound and

"
confined in the House of Darkness," which he had himself
built as a stronj^hold for his treasures. Here he was sparingly
"
fed on bread and water for, said Slu'rwi Let him eat the
:
gold that he has vainly amassed, and for whose sake he has
starved many, and made the world itself a desert." Shirwi
also sent satraps to revile and spit upon him, had his son
Mardasas, whom he had wished to crown, slain before his eyes,
and all his other sons as well, sent his enemies to beat and
spit upon hira, and, after five days of such treatment, had him
put to death with arrows. Shirwi then wrote to Heraclius
to announce the death of the detested Khusrau Parwiz,
arranged terms of peace, released all the captives, and restored
"
the True Cross." ^ With regard to these latter statements
of Theophanes it should be observed that peace was not
"
concluded, and the True Cross" restored, till after the death
of Shirwi.^
According to Tabari Kubad had Mihr Hurmuzd put to
death.3
§ 6. The association of Khusrau Parwiz and Shirin began,
it would seem,'* before his accession to the throne, and he
reigned for thirty-eight vears. If Shirwi really wished to
marry Shirin it must have been for political motives and

because she had been so much in his father's confidence and
might furnish useful information. For a son to raarrv his
father's wives was, according to Persian ideas, quite the correct
procedure in the circumstances.
Kubad is said to have been bitterly reproached by his
two sisters, Purandukht and Azarmdukht, for his share in
the deaths of his father and brothers, and to have suffered
much from sickness and remorse. He died at Dastagird,
but from what cause is uncertain.^ The plague was very
virulent at the time. Poison was often made to account
for what was really due to disease.
392 and note.

' *
'
CTC, i., 502. NT, p. Id. p. 382.
'See vol. viii., p. 383.
»
NT, p. 3S4 and notes.
THE SHAHNAMA of FIRDAUSl
§1
Hon) Shirivi ascended the Throne, announced his Will,

and sent Chiefs to his Father with Counsel and
Excuses
Now when Shirwi sat on the goodly throne,

And donned the royal crown so much desired,
The leaders of the Iranians each drew near
To proffer hi'm the homage due to kings,
"
Exclaiming Worshipful and honoured
: Shah !
Know, God gave thee the crown, and now thou sittcst
Securely on the throne of ivory.

And may thy sons and scions have the world."
Kubad replied "Be ever conquering
:
And happy. Never will we practise ill.

How good is justice with benevolence!
The world will we keep peaceful and cut off

The works of Ahriman by every right,
Ancestral precedent that greateneth
The Glory of our Faith. I will dispatch
A message to my sire and tell him all.
He is in evil odour in the world
Through his ill deeds let him excuse his faults
:
To God and turn to custom and the way.

If he shall heed me he will Jiot resent
My conduct. Then will I devote myself

To state-affairs and strive to compass justice
Both publicly and privily, do good
Where good is due, and break no poor man's heart.
I need two honest men of goodly speech,
Whose memories are charged with ancient lore."

KUBAD [COMMONLY CALLED STltRWt) 9
He asked the assembly Whom shall :

''
I employ ?
Who is most shrewd and honest in fran ? ''
The warriors all surroested by their looks

Two men they should oive consent.
of lore if
Kiibad pereeived whom the Iranians

Agreed to ehoose one of them was Ashtad,
:
The other was Kharrad, son of Barzin,

The old — two sages eloquent and heedful.
Kubad addressed them thus " O ye wise men. :
Ye chiefs experienced and veteran !
Deem not the conduct of the world too toilsome,

Because the Great by travail compass treasure.
It is foryou now to approach the Shah ;
Perchance through you he may conform himself.

Appeal to him by instance new or old
As there is need."
With tears unwillingly
Those sages made them ready. When Kharrad,
Son of Barzin, and when Ashtad, who had
Gashasj) for sire, had mounted on their steeds,
As bidden, Kubad said " Now with right good
: will
'Tis yours to take the road to Taisafun,^
To carry to my glorious sire a message.
And bear it all inmind from first to last.
'
Say : 'Twas no fault of ours nor did the Iranians

Cause but having left the way of Faith
this,
Thou hast thyself incurred God's chastisement,
For, first, no son legitimate wall shed
His sire's blood though impure or give assent
Thereto and fill the hearts of upright folk
With pain. Again, thy treasures fill the world,
And thine exactions reach all provinces,
While, thirdly, many horsemen brave and famed
Within Iran who gladdened there have left
Son, country, and their own pure kith and kin,
'
Couplet omitted.
lo THE SHAHNAMA of FIRDAUSl
Have parted, this to Chin and that to Ruin,
And now are scattered o'er each march and land.
Again, when Caisar, who had done and borne
So much for thee, had given thee a host
And dauirhter too with treasure and much else.
Desired of thee the Cross of Christ for Rum,
So that his land might be revived thereby,
How did the Cross of Jesus profit so
Thy treasures when complaisance on thy part
Would have made Caesar glad ? But thou didst not
Restore it, hadst not wit enough for that,
Or one to guide thee to humanity.
Again, thy greed was such that wisdom's eye
Was all obscured in thee, and thou didst seize
The chattels of the poor whose curses brought
111 on thy head. Thou slewest thy mother's brothers,^
Two loyal men who gave thy throne a lustre.
Moreover thou hadst sixteen sons whose days
And nights were passed in prison while no chief
Could sleep secure from thee but hid in fear.^
Know, that which hath befall'n thee is from God ;
Reflect on thy foul deeds. As for myself,

I am but as the instrument in all
This wrong, am but the heading of the tale.
By God, 'twas not my fault, no aim of mine
To wreck the Shah's throne ! Now for all seek grace,
say so to these chieftains of Iran

i\.nd
Turn fromill deeds to God —
the Guide to good—
;
Who may abate the woes that thou hast brought

"
Upon thyself.'
On hearing this the twain
Departed with their hearts all seared and sore
Till, sorrowful and weeping, they arrived
At Taisafun and in that city sought
'
Bandwi and Gustaham.
*
This sentence comes at the end of the speech in the text.
KUDAD [COMMOXT.V called SIltRWt) IT
Tlio palace of Mai'usi|)aM(l lor there

The exalted kin<i!; resided, (ialiiiush
Sat at the palaee-âte thou woiildst have said
: :
—
"
Earth is eonvulscd before him " lie was nrmed !
111 lielin and breastplate, all the Arab steeds
Wore and all his soldiers were drawn up,

bards,
Equipped, and sword in hand. He grasped a niaee
Of steel, his heart all fire and storm. Now when
Kharrad, son of Barzin, and when Ashtad,
Son of Gashasp, those sages twain, dismounted,
He rose forthwith, rejoiced to look on them,
And gave them them
place befitting, hailing
As famous chiefs. The eloquent Kharrad
First laved his tongue in valour and then said
"
To Galinush Kubad
the glorious
:
Hath donned Kaian crown. Iran,

in peace the
Ti'iran and Rum have tidings that Shirwi^
Is seated on the throne of king of kings.
Why this cuirass and helm and massive mace ?

"
Who is thine enemy ?
Said Galinush :
—
"
O veteran may all thy doings prosper.
!
Thou art concerned about my tender frame C. 2029

Because am
in iron garniture.
I
I bless thee for thy kindness thou deservest ;
That I shall sprinkle jewels over thee.

Thy words are naught but good, and may the sun
Be thine Declare
associate in the world.
Why thou hast come, then look for my reply."
"
lie thus gave answer Glorious Kubad :
Commissi )ncd me to bear Khusrau Parwiz

A message and if now thou wilt ask audience-
l will deliver what the world-lord said —
'
That being the name by which he had been generally known,
his real name (Kubad) having been kept secret. See Vol. viii.,
pp. 371, 416.
Reading with
•
P.
12 THE SHAHNAMA of FIRDAUSI
That monarch of the flock."
Said Galiiiush :
—
" words so well as thou,
\Vho can remember
O worshii)ful ? Yet nathless Shah Knbad
Gave me full many a counsel touching this.
'
And charged me, saying Let none have by day
:
Or niffht an audience of Khusrau Parwiz

Unless thou hearest what the messenger
"
Hath got to say in Persian new or old.'
Ashtad said "I hold not my message secret,
:
O fortunate ! It is :
'
The sword is fruiting,
And nuzzling princes' heads.' In this regard
Now ask for audience of Khusrau Parwiz
That we may tell the message of the Shah."
This hearing Galniush arose, made fast
His mail, went to the Shah with folded arms.
"
As servants should, and said thus Live for ever, :
O Shah May evil

! never vex thy heart.
There cometh by Ashtad and by Kharrad,
Son of Barzin, a message from the Shah
From court."
Khusrau Parwiz laughed out and said :
—
"
Speak wiser words for if he be the king
Then what am I, and why am I wdthin
This narrow prison, and why need'st thou ask
That I shall grant an audience unto any,
"
Be their words false or true ?
So Galimish
Returned to those two warriors, reported
The answer of the paladin, and said :
—
"
Now
go with folded arms, declare your message,
And hearken his reply."
Those sages twain
Of honest speech inswathed their visages
In sashes brought from Chin and, when they saw
The Shah, did reverence and waited long
KUBAD [COMMONLY CALLED SlllRWt) 13
What while he sat upon a loft}' throne

Adorned with sheep and wolves,
efTinics of
Impleaehed with gold and gems, with under hitu

A couch of yellow broidery. lie leaned
On cushions hued like lapis-lazuli,
Held a fine quince and drowsed there all amort.
When he beheld those chiefs supreme in wisdom c. 2030
He roused himself and secretly invoked
God's help. He laid that fine quince on the cushions
That he might welcome those two wayfarers.^
The quince slipped from the cushions, rolled unbruised
Upon the couch and thence from throne to floor.
Ashtad ran, took it up, wiped off the dust,
And laid the quince upon his head. The world-lord
Turned from Ashtad that he might neither see
Nor scent the quince. They set it on the throne,
And stood themselves. The matter of the quince ^
Perturbed Khusrau Parwiz who boded ill,
Looked up to heaven, and said " O truthful Judge! :
Who can establish one whom Thou o'erthrowest.

Who join what Thou hast broken ? W^hen bright
fortune
Departeth from a race it bringeth sorrow
Because the day of joy is passed away."
"
Then to Ashtad : Now for thine ambassage
From mine unnatural child of ill repute,
And from that handful of conspirators.
My hateful and black-hearted enemies.
jMalignant fools are they and in their folly
Most wretched. Fortune will desert our race ;
None will rejoice

again the crown and throne;
Will pass to those unfit this royal Tree ;
Will be destroyed the Base will be exalted

; ;
The spirits of the Great grow sorrowful.

' '
ces deux esclavcs.' Mohl.
•
I^cadin^ with P.
The majesty ^vill bide not with our sons,
Or with our kindred or {)osterity ;
Their friends all be their chief est enemies,

Revilcrs and destroyers
of the race.
This quince hath made the secret evident ;
The throne of king of kings will bear no fruit.

Now tell to me the words that thou hast heard :
I count his less than water in the stream."

Then those two men released their tongues to speak,
And told all that Kubad, his son, had said,
Not keeping e'en a whisper back from him.
The king of kings, when he had heard the message.
Writhed with distress and heaved a deep, cold sigh.
Then said he to those chiefs " Hear my response.
:
And bear it to the young prince, every word.

Quit thine own misdeeds ere blaming others'.
'
Say :
What thou hast uttered are they words of thine ?

A murrain on the prompter [^ Speak not so
2031 As to rejoice thy foe with thy fool's talk.
And let him learn that thou hast not the wisdom
To furnish speech with knowledge from thy brains.
If thy trust is in words that profit not
Thou mak'st default in soul and wisdom too.
He that shall call thee wicked, then acknowledge
Thee to be world-lord, should not sit before thee,
And order matters whether great or small.
Think not in future of such messages
Or thou wilt cause thy foemen to rejoice.
My state hath been appointed me by God ;
My hopes are set upon the other world.

And thou by these thy charges which are lies
Wilt gain no glory in the nobles* eyes.' "
Reading with P. and T.

'
KUBAD {COM mux LY called SIllRWt) 15
^2
Hoiv Khaarau Pariciz answered ISliinvi
"
Now make full answer that thou niayst
will I
Repeat words in publie. They will serve

my
As my memorial when I am gone —
A truthful statement of my case and thou —
AVilt know, when I reveal my grief and travail,
That all ni}^ treasures were derived from toil.
Thou speakest in the first place of Ilurmuzd,
His anger with mc, and those bygone days :
My father's wrath against us was aroused

By slanderer's "words and thus confusion came.
When I had learned what occupied his thoughts
I left Iran by night, avoiding roads.
He sought my death by poison I perceived ;
No antidote but flight and so I fled,

And was not taken in the net of bale.
I heard that had come upon the Shah,
ill
And when the news arrived.

quitted Barda'
That knave Bahram Chubina with his troops
Opposed us on the battlefield. I fled
From him too on the dav of fight that I
Might fall not in his clutches. Afterwards
I came a second time and bravely fought.
My troublous foi'tunc passed away and all
The realm that I had lost returned to me.
My contest with him was no brief affair ;
The whole world were spectators of the strife.

By the command of God who multiplieth
His benefits on us,and is the Guide
In good and ill, Iran and Turkistan^
? Turdn in the text:.
1 6 THE SH Ah NAM A OF FIRDAUSt
Submitted and Bahrain Chiibina's plans
Were foiled. Released from war with him 1 hasted,
First, to take vengeance for my father's death.
C. 2032 Bandwi and Gustaham, my mother's brothers,
Men that had not a peer in any land.
Had risked their lives for me and were all mine
In love as well as kinship, but there were
My father's death and mine own grief thereat ;
I was not sluggish to avenge his blood.

I lopped Bandwi both hand and foot for he
Had made the Shah's place dark, while Gustaham,
Who disappeared and sought some distant nook,
Was unawares by my command
slain all :
Those murderers' lives and aims all came to naught.

Next, as to whatthou said'st of thine own case,.
Of thine own strait confinement and affairs ;
It was to keep my sons from evil deeds

That would recoil upon themselves. Ye were
Not straitly bound in prison, not misj)rized,
And had no harm to fear. I did not then
Treat you with scorn but held my treasury
At your disposal, acting as the Shahs
Had done before, not idly or without
A precedent. Chase, minstrelsy, and polo —
All that befittcth chiefs —
were yours at will.
With hawks and cheetahs, jewels and dinars.
Your so called prison was a palace where
Ye I dreaded thee moreover
lived in joy.
Through what the readers of the stars had said.
That was the cause of thine imprisonment
That thou mightst do us naught of injury —
The very injury that thou art doing.
Inever parted with thy horoscope
had sealed and given it to Shirin.
Till I
When I had reigned for six and thirty years.
And thou past doubt amidst such pleasant days
KUBAI) (COMMOXLY CALLliD SlllRWl) 17
(iav'st all the matter to the wind, although

Much time had passed o'er us, there came to thee
A letter out of Hindustan but not
\Vith()utmy cognizance. The chief of Rajas
Sent us a letter, jewels, divers stuffs,
An Indian scimitar, white elephant.
And all that I could hope for in the world,
And with the scimitar was gold brocade
With all varieties of gems uncut.
To thee the letter was on painted silk ;
So when I saw the Indian script I called

An Indian scribe, a fluent, heedful speaker,
\\\\o when he read the Indian Raja's words
'
Wept for the letter ran Live joyfully

:
For thou art worthy both of joy and realm.

And on the day of Dai in month Azar C. 2033
Thou wilt be king and ruler of the world.

Thy sire will reign for eight and thirty years.
For so the stars ordain. Good times will shine
I^pon thee thou wilt don the crown of greatness.'

;
These words have been fulfilled to me to-day.

But we should wash riot from our hearts alTection.
I was aware that fortune had decreed
That when thy throne had gained its brilliancy
Mine only portion would be toil and pain,
And that my bright day would be turned to gloom ;
But as I
gave, had Faith, made friends, and loved
I did not lour by reason of that letter.
I gave it, having read to Shirin,
it,
And pondered much upon it. In her keeping

Are both the letter and the horoscope.
And no one great or small is ware thereof.
If thou wouldst see it make request of her ;
Thou haply mayst regard it more or less.

I wot that seeing it thou wilt repent.
And seek to heal the past. For what thou said'st
VOL. IX. B
1 8 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSi
Of bonds and of imprisonments, and how
Wc have done others hurt, 'tis this world's way,
And that of former chiefs and kings of kings.
And if thou know'st it not speak with an archmage
He thee thereon and tell thee
will enlijihten :
— ;
'
'Tis ill to keep God's enemy alive.'
Those that were in our prison were mere divs
Complained of by the righteous. Neither bloodshed
Nor utter harshness ever was our trade.
I shut up criminals and did not hold
Of small account wrongs done by them to others ;
But now I hear that thou hast freed these men —

-
—
Men worse than dragons and for this thou art
A sinner guilty both in word and deed
In God's sight. Now that thou art lord be prudent,
And if thou know'st not how consult the wise.
Forgive not those that vex thee though thou hopest
For wealth through them, and 'what can better bonds
For one in whom thou seest naught but harm ?
In talking of my wealth thou hast not shown
Good sense and wisdom. We have never asked
For more than toll and tax. When these were paid
If any were still rich, though men might say
That they were foes and miscreants of the seed
Of Ahriman, we thought of God and j)assed
Such matters lightly by. From Him I had
The crown and throne, and they have cost me dear.
2034 The Maker of the world, the righteous Judge,
Hath willed this change of fortune. In the world
His will is paramount, so when He would
Our minishmcnt we seek not for addition.
We sought to please our Judge, but by our toils
Have not evaded His apportionment.
And when He asketh me I will tell all.
That Questioner is wiser than thou art,
And one more jwtcnt in all good and ill.
KUBAD {COMMONLY CALLED SlIlRWl) 19
Tlic miscreants that stand before thee now

Are not thy friends or kin, and what they say
Of nic that also will they say of thee
Before thv foes. They are but slaves of o<)ld
And silver thou wilt find in them no helper.
:
They have possessed thy heart and there instilled

Each fault of mine. Such words as these are not
In thy philosophy and will not profit
Those miscreants' minds, but I have uttered them
For my foes' sake that they who read this letter,
AVrit in the ancient tongue, may know that lies
I.aek lustre even from the mouths of Shahs.
'Twill be too a mcmoi-ial in the world,
A consolation to the man of wisdom.
And after our decease whoe'er shall read
These words of ours will learn our policy.
I gathered armies from Bartas and Chin,
And everj^where appointed generals.
Then made attacks upon mine enemies
Till none dared raise his head. When they were
scattered
Our treasuries were all filled. The whole land toiled
For us, and from the sea so many gems
Were brought us that the shipmen grew aweary.
Plain, sea,and mountain, all were mine. Now when
The treasury of drachms had been expended
The coffers were refilled with new dinars,
^Vith precious stones and royal jewelry.
As well as clothes and implements of war.
And when our crown was twenty-six years old
Our treasuries were rich with many gems.
I struck a new die for my drachms and turned
To joy and merriment. That year when I
Had ta'en account I found the total sum
Ten million of dinars. Paid:iwasis,i
'
Sec Vol. vii., p. 95 note.
In Persian reckoning, I spent and squandered.
Eaeh purse contained twelve thousand in dinars,
And those thus spent were royal, while besides
The tribute and dinars from Hindustan,
The realm of Riim and land of sorcerers ;
Besides from every province gifts and tribute

From all the sovereigns and potentates ;
C. 2035 Besides New Year and Autunm offerings,

The gifts of horses and of fair-faced slaves ;
Besides cuirasses, helmets, axes, swords.

Which every one sent to us liberally ;
Besides musk, camphor, sables, beaver-skins.

Red weasels' and white wolves', our subjects all
Set suchlike loads upon their beasts and sought
Our court in haste none was recalcitrant.
;
Abundant toil of all sorts have we spent

To amass a treasure one additional —
To those known as Khuzra and as 'Ariis,i
Reserved by nie against an evil day.
We long discussed what name the hoard should have,
And in the end we called it Bad Awar.-
Thus in my six and twentieth year of reign
Heaven till the eight and thirtieth favoured me ;
My chieftains were all safe, my foes all quaked,

And now I hear that thou art sovereign —
An evil juncture this for all the world,
Which reft of pleasure must perforce be mute.
Thou wilt make earth calamitous, fulfilled
With suffering and profitless. Moreover,
Those same injurious persons that surround thee,
And are the Light ^ of thy dark nights, will give
Thy throne up to the wind that thou mayst not
Enjoy the world. Were there with thee a sage.
So that thy darkened mind might be illumed.
Thou wouldst not do amiss in giving gifts
'
Sec Vol. viii., p. 406.
'
Id. '
Urmuzd in text.
HUB Ad (COMMONLY CALLED SHIRWI) 21
So that 111}' \vcallli nii<iht rcucli I he poor. My son,

Whose days are few, whose wisdom is l)ut scant !
SoHeituck' will rob thy soul of joy.

This know, that these our treasures are thy stay ;
The opportunity is in thy grasp.

They are the appanage of royalty ;
A world that moneyless is lost.

is all
A pauper Shah will be unjust, and he

Whose hand is empty hath no strength or worth.
Without the means of largess he by all
Will be declared a fraud and not a Shah.
Moreover, if thy riches reach thy foes.
And the idols come to Brahmans' hands,
all
The worshippers will turn from God, thy name
And fame be spurned. If thou art treasureless
Thou wilt not have an army, and thy subjects
Will hail thee not as Shah. The dog is good
At begging bread, but if thou fillest him
He threateneth thy life. Again, thou said'st
About my strategy that I have stationed
The troops along the roads, and blamest me
Through ignorance, not knowing gain from loss.
The answer is that by my toil I gathered C. 2036
My splendid treasures, captured foreign cities,
And shattered all my foes that we might sit
Without vexation, toil, or injury
In peace upon the pleasant throne. I scattered -
My horse about the frontier, and (to show

The difference 'twixt the worthless and the worthy)
When thou recall'st the troops from every side
The foe will see the road clear, for Iran
Is likea garden in the jocund Spring,
Whose hajopy blossoms never fail to flower,
A garden of pomegranate and narcissus.
Of apples and of quince but when the orchard
;
Bccometh void of men the enemy

11 THE SHAHNAMA of FIRDAUSl
Will root up Jill the marjoram and snap
All l)ranches of |)t)meoTanate and o!" quince.
Iraivs walls are its troops and o(;.»r ol' war,
Its thorns all arrows on its battlements,
And if in wantonness thou flingest down
The garden-wall the garden is as waste.

As sea or upland. Cast not down its wall
Or thou wilt break the Iranians' hearts and backs,
For then will raid and ravage, horsemen's shouts,
And all the incidents of war ensue.
Expose not thou our children, wives, and
land
To trouble : let but one such year elapse.
And thee as a fool.
sages will describe
Now thou dost give high place
I have heard that
To men unworthy. Know that Nushirwan,
Son of Kubad,^ recorded in his Letter
Of Counsel that whoe'er doth give his arms
To foes doth give himself to slaughtering,
Since, when he asketh back those arms for use,
The enemy will fight. ^ As for the message
Of Caesar, which hath made thee call me heartless,
And self-willed, thou recallest not the facts :
Thy words were prompted by some counsellor.

As for my tyranny and his good faith,
Canst thou discern good faith from tyranny ?
Receive mine answer, thou of little wit !
But let me say withal, as is but right,

Thou art the plaintiff and the witness too—
A thing no man of wisdom would allow.
Whezi Cicsar washed off from his face the dust
Of bale he chose me as his son-in-law
For valour's sake. Whoever walketh not
The earth for ill, and hath some share of wisdom
Within him, knoweth that Bahram Chubina
Began the feud and that the Iranians
Reading with P. and T. See Vol.
'
'
viii.. p. 27.
KUBAD [COMMONLY CALLED SHIRWI) 23
Took sides with him. The Uunians did not triumph

O'er him ;
the sand ean not bind fast-
driftin<>-
The mountain ! Ihrd fi^lit God vouehsafcd

Hut in
To aid me. and tiic armies of tlie worhl
Were nau<jht to me. The Iranians liavc heard C. 2037
Of those events, and thou shouldst liear from thetn.

As for myself, I did whatever I could,
Upon the day of fight, for Niyatus
With kindness and with magnanimity,
But have not reckoned that day's recompense,
And Farrukhzad will tell thee just the same :
Look not upon the world with boyish eyes.

Gashasp, who wâs oiu' treasurer, can tell,
And that good archimage, our minister,
That I bestowed upon the Ruman troops
A hundred thousand purses from our treasures.
I gave to Niyatus a thousand nuggets.
With earrings and red gold. Each nugget's weight
Was as a thousand treasury-miskals
I reckoned. I bestowed on him withal
Fine watered pearls that experts had found flawless,
And every one worth thirty thousand drachms
To jewellers, and five score noble steeds,
Selected from my stables —
fifty saddled.
The others very choice, housed in brocade.
Mates for the wind upon the waste. I sent
All these to Caesar with my thanks withal.
For what thou said'st about the Cross of Christ,
That bit of old wood flung among my treasures —
A matter of no loss or gain to me —
Thou hast been listening to some Christian's talk.
I mused that one like Caesar, great and might}^
Surrounded as he is by learned men —
Philosophers and potentates and priests
—
Should call one that was executed God !
While as for this dry, rotten wood, if this

Merc were God "twould be Urmiizd,
useless Cross
Whose name we give to every month's first day,
And would have vanished from our treasury
As Christ himself departed from the world.
Again for what thou said'st Make thine excuse,
:
'
Amend thy conduct and ensue God's path,

I answer :
'
May the two hands of Kubad,

His feet and lips and tongue rot It was God
!
Who placed the crown upon my head I took, :
And revelled in the gift. I have returned it
Since He demanded it. What next I wonder ?
To Him will I confess, not to a boy

Scarce able to distinguish good and ill.'
All that God doth is welcome unto me
Though I have seen much woe and bitterness.
For eight and thirty years have I been Shah,
And none among the kings hath been my peer.
He that bestowed this world on me may give
Another but will have no thanks of mine !
c. 2038 I willpronounce a blessing on the realm :

—
'
May earth be ever teeming with the wise.'

So long as God shall help and succour us
None will dare curse."
Then said he to Kharrad —
:
"
O Memory of the great ones of the world !
Say to that foolish and impetuous boy :

—
'
The lustre of our countenance is dimmed :
Farewell to thee for ever. As for me.

May all our converse be henceforth with sages.'
As for yourselves, illustrious messengers,
Ye Persians eloquent and eminent !
To both of you I also bid farewell.

Say nothing but the words that ye have heard.
I give my blessing to the world at large,
\Vhich we have looked on as a jiassing thing.
All mother-born must die —
whome'er thou hast
KUBAD [COMMONLY CALLED SHtRWt) 25
III iiiiiul Khiisrau l*ar\vi/, hack lo Kiil);'ul.

S,) t()«) Ilushaiin'. .Jainsln'd. aiulTaliinuras—
To all tlie world the loiiiits and hope
of fear —
Whom div and l)easl acknowledged, passed and died
When day ended. Faridnn, the blest,
their
Who banned ill, elose or open, from the world,
And stayed Zahhak the Aral)'s hand from evil,
Seajx^l not by bravery the clutch of fate.
So was it Avith Arish whose arrow's flight
Was one farsang ;^ victorious Karan,
The captvH'cr of cities Kai Kubad, ;
Who having come from IMovnit Alburz became

Through manhood world-lord over all the folk.
And built himself a world-famed house of crystal,
^
Adorned with lustrous pearls and gates of gems.^

So was it with Kaiis, that man of might,
Who took the world by skill and policy,
lie that adventured toward the sky above.
Unwitting of the j)rocesses of time ;
So too with Siyawush, that lion famed,

Who slew two tigers in his youthful days,*
And built Gang-di/h'' with toil but gat therefrom
No treasure. Where are now Afrasiyab,
The Tiu"kma?i king, whose semblance e'en in dream
None seeth where Rustam, Zal, Asfandiyar,
;
Whose fame is their memorial with us ;
Gudarz and his choice sons, three score and ten.

Those cavaliers u})on the riding-grovmd.
And lions of the fray where Kai Khusrau,
;
The noble lion-man who in the fight

Made lions prisoners and Shah Gushtasp,
;
The convert to The Good Faith,' he by whom

'
'
Much further according to the legend. See Vol. v., p. 12.
'
This is attributed to Kai Kaus elsewhere. See Vol. ii., pp. Si, loi.
*
This line occurs three couplets too low in C.
*
This is not mentioned elsewhere in the poem.
'See Vol. ii., pp. i8g, 279.
26 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSl
Grace was renewed where went renowned Sikandar,
;
Who
overturned the world, and where Jamasp,
Who
shone in astrologic lore more brightly
C. 2039 Than Sol or Vxnus ? Where is that famed Shah,
Bahram Giir, matchless in his strength and courage ?
No Shah was like him in munificence ;
The turning heaven dared not to touch his head.

Where is that Shah, my grandsire, bright of soul
Who ruled the world as Kisra Niishirwan ?

Where are the seven and forty world-lords ?^ Gone
Is all theirwork, gone are the Great and Wise,
The warrior-horsemen and the men of lore.
These passing those in prowess and those these
In years ? They all have left this spacious world.
Left palace, hall, and riding-ground. Midst Shahs,
Though some were older far, I had no peer.
I walked the world for good and ill, and held
The evil day aloof. 'Twas mine to traverse
Full many a rugged path and sweep away
Full many a foe. My treasures fill all lands ;
Wliere earth and water are my toil is seen.

^V^hcn with me too the world shall cease, and all
The nobles' hopes grow dim, with my son also
The throne not abide, for he will quit it.
will
And all his What time the angel
fortune end.
That taketh souls approacheth I shall say :
—
'
Take my soul gently.' I will clear my heart
By penitence, and freedom from offence
Shall be my breastplate. Well have men of wisdom,
'
Good, veteran, learned, declared If wakeful fortune

:
Decline one must expect fears manifold,

And he whose day of greatness hath gone by
*
Khusrau Parwlz was only the forty-third Shah. Perhaps
some, who never became Shahs, such as Siyawush and Asfantliyar,
are included, or it may be that the author of this defence (sec p.
4) wrote from his own point of view, not that of the supposed
speaker.
HUB Ad {COMMONLY CALLED SHIRWI) 27
Is I'Dolisli if lie askclh its rt'liirii/
This is my lucssage to the workl, lu iiitun

And niiiihty too ere lontv tlie Shall and all
:
His lanujiis troops will l;ill to slaughtering

Ivieh other and (ling fire on field and IVll ;
Then by sons and sons by sires

sires will fall ;
Oui- enemies, the people that discoursed

or evil deeds and ehilling words, will pay
The smart when we arc gone and not for long
Enjoy the world. Since rule and greatness end
With me what reck if Lion or another
"
Shall have the sway ?
Ashtad and brave Kharrad,
Son of Barzin, those sages, when they heard
The message of that leader, were heart-pierced.
And smote their heads. Both sorrowed for their
words ;
They bnlTeted their faces, rent their robes C. 2040

In grief, and scattered dust upon their heads.
Those ancients fared forth from his presence, weeping,
In anguish, with their hearts all arrow-points.
With furrowed faces and in sore distress
They went before Shirwi and every whit
To that man brainless and incompetent
Detailed the message that the Shah had sent.
§•5
How Shirivi grieved for Khusrau Partviz and hoiv the
Chiefs ivere displeased thereat
Shirwi wept bitterly on hearing this ;
His heart quaked for the crown and throne, and when
The company dispersed that had dismayed him
28 THE SH Ah NAM A OF FIRDAUSl
With foul words clamouring for his father's blood,
And burning the youth's heart, he left the throne
Of kingship, clasped with honoured hands his head,
And wept blood on his breast. News of that weeping
And of the lamentation of the king,
Came to the host and all were in dismay.
They met, discussed Khusrau Parwiz, and cried :
—
"
If he shall sit upon the throne again
He will disgrace the captains of the host."
Whenas the sun rose o'er the darksome hills
The malcontents awoke and went to court.
The Shah, on hearing of it, took his seat
Upon the throne, and those of high degree.
Akin or alien, approached the presence.
They took their "seats with scowls but no one spoke.
The king said Gibbeting is the desert
:
Of him that mourneth not my father's woes.

I call such misbegotten and a knave.
Let none depend on such because that man
Is rottener than a rotten willow-tree."
He gat this answer from the men in fault :
—
" ' '
Call whosoever saith I serve two Shahs
:
A fool at heart and vile whate'er his rank."

"
Shirwi rejoined For Shahs no wealth no troops
: !
For one month we will utter pleasant words.

And give no hint of duress to my sire ;
He may make statements that will gladdeji us

Because his treasures are in every coast."
C. 2041 On hearing this they rose to seek their homes.
Then Shah Shirwi gave orders to the cooks :
—
"
Let nothing be denied Khusrau Parwiz :
Serve up his food upon a golden service,

And let the food itself be rich and grateful."
The servers brought it but he would not eat
The viands that were profltcred, hot or cold.
Shirin's hand brought to him all that he ate
KUBAD (COMMONLY CALLED SHIRWI) 29
Because she sorrowed with him in his grief.

She was his sole good friend and soothed his woes
Both day and night, shared all his hopes and fears,
And quaked him like willow in the wind.
for
A month passed and meanwhile Khusraii Parwiz
Was full of pain and anguish night and day,
His faults and crimes recalled to memory,
And little relish of that life had he.
Hoiv Bdrhad lamented Kliusrau Parwiz, cut off his oivn

FitKjcrs, and burned his Instruments of Music
Now list the lamentation of Barbad,^

And grow forgetful of the Avorld at large.
On hearing that the Shah, not by advice
And 'gainst his will, no longer filled the throne,
That " men are seeking how to murder him ;
The soldiers are renouncing fealty,"

Barbad came from Chahram to Taisafiin
With tearful eyes and heart o'ercharged he came ;
To that abode and saw the Shah whereat

His tulip-cheeks became like fenugreek.
He bode awhile in presence of the Shah,
Then went with wailing to the audience-hall.
His love flamed in his heart, his heart and soul
Burned in his anguish for Khusrau Parwiz ;
His eyes rained like a cloud in Spring and made

His bosom as the margent of the sea.
He fashioned him a dirge upon the harp,
And to that dirge he sang a mournful })laint.
'
For the story of Barbad sec Vol. viii., p. 396 seq.
With visage wan and heart fulfilled with grief
He thus lamented in the olden tongue :
—
" O noble chieftain O Khusrau
O Shah ! ! !
O great O strong
! O hero ne'er cast down
! !
Where are thy mastery and greatness now,

Where all thy Grace, thy fortune, and thy crown ?
"
Where that imperial circlet, towering height ?
AVhcre are thine armlets and thine ivory throne?
Where all thy manliness, thy Grace, and might.
Who 'neath tliy wings hadst this world for thine
own ?
"
Ohwhither are thy dames and minstrels gone,
!
Gate, audience-hall, and leaders of thy day,

C. 2042 The diadem and Kawa's gonfalon,
And all the blue-steel falchions, where are they ,?
"
Where are the head, the crown that loved it well —
Mate of the earrings and the throne of gold ?
Where are Shabdiz, his stirrups and his scll-
The steed that 'neath thee ever caracol'd ?
"
Where are thy helmet, head, and habergeon
All golden and compacted gem to gem,
Thy cavaliers in gold caparison,
Whose swords made enemies the sheaths for I hem?
"
Where all the camels for thy progresses.
The golden litters and attendance rife,
Led steeds, white elephants, and dromedaries ?
Have one and all grown hopeless 01 thy life ?
KUBAD [COMMONLY CALLED SHIRW!) 31
"
Where arc thy fluent tongue and courteous,
Thy heart, thy purjiosc, and thine ardent soul ?
Why reft of all art thou abandoned thus ?
Hast read of such a day in any roll ?
''
Oh trust not to this world \vhose remedy
!
weaker than its bane. 'Twas thy desire

Is
To have a son to aid and succour thee :
Now through the son the gyves are on the sire !
"
It is by sons that kings obtain their might,
And are unblemished by time's travaihngs ;
Yet ever as his sons increased in height

Both Grace and vigour failed the king of kings.
"
None that shall lend an ear while men recall
Tiie story of Khusrau Parwiz nmst dare
To trust the world. Account as ruined all
Iran and as the pards' and lions' lair.
"
Of the Sasanian race the Shah wâs head — -
One peerless in the sight of crown and state :
The foeman's wishes are accomplished.

And, like fran, the race is desolate.
''
No man possessed a larger host than he.
Yet who had cause for justice to beseech ?
The great ])rotector brought the misery,
And now the wolves are making for the breach !
" '
O Shah devoid of shame
'
thus tell Shirwi,
!
'
Such conduct is Jiot ^vorthy of this court.
Count not upon thy trooj)s' lldelity
When war is rife o;i all sides.' God support
"
soul, my master
Thy and it is my prayer
!
That He thy foemen's heads may headlong fling.

By God and by thy life, my king I swear !
By New Year's Day, by sun, and joeund Spring,

"
If e'er this hand of mine again shall tin-n
To harping may no blessing light on me ;
Mine instruments of music will I burn

That I may ne'er behold thine enemy."
He cut four fingers off and grasped the stumps

Within his other palm. Returning home
He kindled fire and burned his instruments,
While those about Kubad both day and night
At all that might befall them quaked with fright.
§5
How the Chiefs demanded from. Shirivi the Death of

Khusrau Pariviz and how he ivas slain by Mihr
Ilurmuzd
C- 2043 Shirwi, a timid, inexperienced youth,

Found that the throne beneath him was a snare.
While readers of mankind saw that 'twas time
For men of might. Those that had done the ill.
And had produced that coil, went from the hall
Of audience to the presence of Kubad
To mind him of their infamous designs :
—
"
We said before and now we say again
Thy thoughts are not on government alone.
There are two Shahs now seated in one room.
One on the throne and one on its degree.
KUDAD {COMMONLY CALLED SIIIRWI) 33
And whc'U relations nrow "Iwixl sire and son

They behead the servants one and all.
will
It not be, so speak of it no more."
may
Shirwi was iri^htcned and he played poltroon
Because in their hands he was as a slave.
He answered " None will bring him to the toils
:
Except a man whose name is infamous.

Ye must go homeward and advise thereon.
Inquire What man is there that will abate
:
'
"
Our troubles secretly ?
'
The Shah's^ ill-wishers
Sought murderer to mvu'dcr him

for a
By stealth, but none possessed the pluck or courage

To shed the blood of such a king and hang
A mountain round his own neck. Everywhere
The Shah's foes sought until they met with one
Blue-eyed, pale-chcckcd, his body parched and hairy,
With lips of lapis-lazuli, with feet
All dust, and belly ravenous the head
;
Of that ill-doer was bare. None knew his name

Midst high and low. This villain (may he never
See jocund Paradise !) sought Farrukhzad,
And undertook the deed. " This strife is mine,"
He said. "If ye will make it worth my while
This is my quarry."
"
Go and do it then
"
thou art able," Farrukhzad replied.
If
"
Moreover open not thy lips herein.
I have a purse full of dinars for thee.
And I will look upon thcc as my son."
He gave the man a dagger keen and bright, C. 2044
And then the murderer set forth in haste.

The miscreant, when he approached the Shah,
Saw him upon the throne, a slave attending,
Khusrau I'arwiz quaked when he saw that man,
'
Khusrau I'arwi'z.
VOL. IX. C
And shed tears from his eyelids on his cheeks
Bcaaiise his heart bare witness that the day
"
Of heaviness was near. He cried O wretch : !
What is thy name ? Thy mother needs must wail

thee."
" me Mihr Hurmuzd,
The man replied :
They call
neither friend nor mate."
A stranger here with "
Thus "said Khusrau Parwiz My time hath : come,
And by the hand of an unworthy foe,
^Vhose face is not a man's, wîose love none seeketh."
bade a boy attending him
lie "Go fetch. :
My little guide an ewer, water, musk,

!
And ambergris, with cleaner, fairer robes."

The boy-slave heard, unwitting what was meant,
And so the httle servant went away,
And brought a golden ewer to the Shah
As well as garments and a bowl of water,
Whereon Khusrau Parwiz made haste to go.
Gazed on the sacred twigs and muttered prayers :
It was no time for words or private talk.

The Shah put on the garments brought, he made
Beneath his breath confession of his faults.
And wrapped a new simarre about his head
In order not to see his murderer's face.
Then Mihr Hurmuzd, the dagger in his hand,
Made fast the door and coming quickly raised
king's robe and pierced
The great his liverstead.
Such the process of this whirling Avorld,

is
From thee its secret kcei)ing closely furled !
The blameless speaker and the boastful see

That all its doings are but vanity.
For be thou wealthy or in evil case
This Wayside Inn is no abiding-place ;
Yet be offenceless and ensue right ways

thou desirest to receive just praise.
If
Wlien tidings reached the highways and bazars ;
—
KUBAD [COMMOyLY CALLED SHIRWI) 35
"
Khiisrau Paruiz was slaiiohtcrcd thus," his foes
Went to the pahiee-prisoii of the sad,
Where fifteen of his noble sons were bound.
And slew them there, thouoh innoeent, what time
The fortune of the Shah wâs overthrown.
Shirwi, the world-lord, dared say naught and hid
His grief though he wept sorely at the news.
And afterwards sent twenty of his guards
To keep his brothers' wives and ehildren safe ; C. 2045
Now that the Shah had been thus done to death.

So passed that reign and mighty host aw'ay,
Its majesty, its manhood, and its sway
Such as no kings of kings possessed before,
Or heard of from the men renowned of yore.
It booteth nothing what the wise man saith
When onee his head is in the dragon's breath.
" "
Call this world crocodile for it doth gnaw
The prey that it hath taken with its claw.
The W'Ork of Shah Khusrau Parwiz is done ;
His famous hoards and throne and host are gone.

To put one's trust in this world is to be
In quest of dates upon a willow-tree.
W^hy err in such a fashion from the way
Alike by darksome night and shining day ?
W^hate'er thy gains let them suffice thee still
As thou art fain to save thy soul from ill,
And in thy day of strength hold thyself weak ;
For kindly impulses and justice seek,

And be intent on good. For what is thine
To give or spend do as thou dost incline ;
All else is pain and toil. How goodlier

Than we are friends whose faithfidness is clear !
Such faithfulness of friends is greatly dear.

How Shirwi asked SJiirin in Marriage, how Shirin

killed herself, and hoiv Shirivi ivas slain
Since I have ended with Khusrau Parwiz

I speak next of Shirwi and of Shirin.
As soon as three and fifty days had passed
Since that whereon that glorious Shah was slain
Shirwi dispatched Shirin a messenger
"
To say : Thou wicked, potent sorceress.
Learned but in necromancy and black arts !
In all Iran thou art the guiltiest.

By necromancy didst thou gain the Shah,
And by thy craft thou bringest down the moon.
Quake, guilty one and come to me. Abide not
!
Thus in thy palace, joyful and secure."

Shirin raged at his message and abuse
"
So foul and senseless. Thus she said God grant
:
That parricides possess not Grace or presence.

I will not see the wretch e'en from afar
At funeral or feast."
That mournful dame
Sent for a scribe and had a document
Drawn in the olden tongue, instructing him
Regarding her last wishes and estate.
She kept a little poison in a pyx ;
She could not well procure it in the city.

She kept it on her, sewed a winding-sheet
—
To wrap her form that cypress of the garden —
And then returned this answer to Shirwi :
—
**
Ejâlted Shah, the wearer of the crown !
Now perish all thy words and perish too

The villain's heart and spirit that hath heard
KUBAD {COMMONLY CALLED SIltRWl) 37
Of witchcraft save by name and joyed therein.

Had Shah Khusrau Parwiz been one to cheer
His soul with sorcery there would have been
A sorceress within his bower, and she
Had seen his faee.^ He kept me for his })leasure,
And when the dawn was peejjing he was wont
To call me from the golden bower and joy
At sight of me. Shame on thee for such words !
Such knavish talk becometh not a kinff.

Remember God, the Giver of all good,
And utter not such words in others' hearing."
They brought the answêr to the Shah. Shirwi
"
Raged 'gainst the guiltless dame^ and said Thou :
needs
Must come. None is blood-thirstier than thou.
Come and behold my crown's top. If it be
Magnifical then do it reverence."
Shirin, on hearing this, was full of pain ;
She writhed her cheeks grew wan. She thus

replied :
—;
"
I will not come to thee save in the presence
Of those wise men that are about thy court,
Men of experience and clerkly skill."
Shirwi dispatched and summoned fifty men
Both wise and old, then sent one to Shirin,
To say " Arise and come. Enough of talk."
:
Thereat she robed herself in blue and black,

And drew anear the Shah, approached apace
The Rosary —the spot
of Revellers^
Wherein those fluent Persians were — and sat
Behind the great king's curtain as became
Reading with P.
'
»
So far as the charge of witchcraft was concerned. Shirin (Vol.
viii., p. 389) had murdered Maryam, Kubad's mother.
' "
elle alia droit a la salle de fete de Schadegan." Mohl or,
more strictly, Barbier de Meynard, who completed the translation
from §4 to the end of the poem.
The virtuous. He sent to her to say :
—
"
Two months^ of mourning for Khusrau Parwiz-
Are o'er. Now be my wife that thou mayst take
Thy pleasure and avoid a mean estate.
I will maintain thee as my father did,
And e'en with more respect and tenderness."
"
Shirin replied Let me be righted hrst,
:
And then hfe shall be at thy dispose.

my
I willnot hesitate in answering
The hest and purpose of thy glorious heart."
Shirwi agreed to that fair dame's request,
C. 2047 Whereat the noble lady raised her voice
"
Behind the royal curtains, saying O Shah : !
Be happy and victorious. Thou said'st

That I was a bad woman and a witch,
Remote from purity and rectitude."
"
Shirwi replied 'Twas so, but generous folk
:
Do not take dudgeon at mere hastiness."

Shirin addressed the other Persians present
Within the Rosary of Revellers,
And asked " What have ye seen in me of ill.
:
Guile, folly, and dark ways ? For many a year

I was the mistress of Iran and helped
The Brave in everything. I ne'er ensued
Aught but the right fraud and deceit I banned.
;
Through my word many were made governors.

And took their portions of the world full oft.
Who hath beheld my shadow in Iran
Away from home ? If any one hath marked
My shadow, crown, and state let such declare
What he hath seen or heard and by his answer
Reveal the truth."
The magnates in attendance
"
All spake her fair. In all the world," thc}^ said,
"
She hath no peer in public aiul in private."
Reading with P.
'
KUBAD [COMMONLY CALLED SHIrwI) 39
"
Shiriii proceeded lliiis : Ye lords and chiefs
Jiotliveteran and redoubled three thinos make
!
Tlie worth ol' women that bedeck the throne

Of greatness one is motlesty and wealth
:
Wherewith her husband may adorn his house ;
The next is bearing blessed sons, that she

May e'en exceed her spouse in hajijiincss ;
The tliird is having beauty and fine form,

Joined with the love of a sequestered life.
When I was mated to Khusrau Parwiz,

And entered on seclusion, he had come
Weak and dispirited from Riim to live
Within our land, but after reached such power
As none had heard of or had looked upon.
Moreover I have had four sons by him
To his great joy — Nastur, Shahryar, Farud,
And ^Nlardanshah, blue heaven's coronal.
Jamshid and Faridun had not such sons ;
May my tongue perish if I lie herein !
Their bodies all are now beneath the dust,

Their spirits roaming in pure Paradise."
Unveiling then her lovely countenance,
And musky hair, " There is my face," she added,
"
Such as it is. If there be falsehood show it.
My hair was all my hidden excellence.
For none on earth e'er used to look thereon.
What I display is all my sorcery.
Not necromancy, fraud, and evil bent."
None had beheld her hair before, no chief C. 204S
Had heard thereof. The elders were astound.

And their mouths watered. When Shirwi beheld
The visage of Shirin his spirit flew
Unmarked away from him. Her face so dazed him
That love of her filled all his heart. He cried — :
"
I want none but thyself. If I have thee
For wife Iran can give me nothing more.
I will not go from thy commands, but linm
My loyalty to thee upon mine eyes." —
The lady of the lovely face replied :
"
I still need somewhat of the Iranian king.
I have two wants if thou wilt bid me speak,
And may thy king of kingship last for ever."
"
Shirwi replied My soul is thine, thy wish,
:
Whate'er it be, is granted."

Said Shirin :
—
"
All treasures laid up by me in this land
Thou shalt assign me as mine own before
This noble company and write thyself
Upon this roll that thou renouncest all,
Both small and great."
Shirwi made haste to do
Her bidding. Having gained her wish she quitted
The Rosary of Revellers, the chiefs
And noble Persians, went home, freed her slaves.
And made them happy with that wealth of hers
Whereof she gave a part to mendicants.
And to her family a larger share.
She gave too somewhat to the Fanes of Fire,
The feasts of New Year's Day and Mihr and Sada,
To ruined homes and caravansarais
Then turned to lions' lairs. All this she gave
As offerings from Khusrau Parwiz, the world-lord,
And joyed his soul thereby. She sought the garden
And taking off her veil sat unadorned
Upon the ground and summoning her folk
Assigned with courtesy a place to each,
Then cried thus loudly " Hear, ye unaggrieved
: !
For none will ever see my face again.

Fear ye the Judge of those that seek for justice,
The Lighter of the sun and moon and stars,
And speak but truth deceit is not for sages.
;
Since first I came before Khusrau Parwiz,

KUDAD [COMMONLY CALLED SUllUVl) 41
First made mine entry to his golden bower,

And was chiel' wife and Cilory oT tiie Shah,
llatli any I'anlt at all appeared in me ?
There is no need to
speak to save my face :
What booteth that to woman in her need ? "

All rose to make reply " Famed dame of
:
dames, c. 2049
So eloquent and wise and bright of soul !
By God none ever saw thee, ever heard

!
Thy voiee behind the curtains. Verily

Thy like hath sat not on the goodly throne
Since Shah Hiishano-.'*
Then
the servitors.
all
Slaves emulous and
vigilant of heart.
"
Exclaimed : Exalted lady praised in Chin,
In Rum and in Taraz ! who would presume
To speak aught ill of thee ? Could evil-doing
"
Befit that face of thine ?
"
Thus said Shirin :
—
This reprobate, whom
heaven above will curse,
Slew his own sire to comjiass crown and throne.
And may he never more see fortune's face !
Hath he himself shut death out by a wall

Who lightly recked thus of a father's blood ?
He sent a message to me that bedimmed
Mine own shrewd soul. I answered :
'
While I live
I\Iy heart shall serve my Maker.' I declared
My ])urpose fully, fearful of my foe :
He may defame me publicly when dead.

Ye are free agents and my slaves no longer."
They wept much at her words and furthermore
Consumed with anguish for Khusrau Parwiz.
Informants went before the Shjih and told
What thev had heard about that guiltless dame.
" "
He asked : Hath that good lady further wishes ?
She sent to say : "I have one wish, no more :
I fain would ope the late Shah's charnel-house ;

I have a great desire to look on him."
"
Shirwi rcpHcd : So do, 'tis natural."
The keej)er oped tlie door. That pious lady
Began her wailing, went and laid her face
Uj)on the visage of Khusrau Parwiz,
S])ake of the past and took the mortal bane :^
She sent the dust up from her own sweet life.
She sat beside the Shah with visage veiled.
Clad in a single eamphor-scented robe ;
She set her back against the wall and died ;
She died and won the plaudits of the world.

Shirwi fell sick when he had heard the news,
For such a spectacle afTrighted him.
He bade construct another sepulchre,
And make her diadem of musk and camphor,
c. 2050 He shut the old Shah's charnel. Soon they gave
Shirwi the bane ;
the world had had its fill
Of Shahs ! Thus luckless both in birth and death
He left the throne of kingship to his son.
One reigneth seven months and in the eighth
Doth don the camphor crown ! Of earth's good things
To have possession of the throne is best.
Of evils life cut short is evilest.
:
>C/. p. 36.
XLV
ARDSHIR, SON OF SIIIRWI

HE REIGNED SIX MONTHS
ARGUMENT
Ardshir's accession is well received
by the people. He
makes son of Khusrau, the captain of the host. Guraz,
Piriiz,
on the pretext of avenging Khusrau Parwiz, but really with
the intention of seizing the kingship for himstlf, schenios to
bring about the death of the Shah who is murdered at a
banquet by Piniz.
NOTE
Ardshir (Artaxerxes III., September, A.D. 628 April, —
A.D. 630) was, according to Tabari, only seven years old
at his accession. By some accounts he was only one year
old at the time.^ He was of course a mere, puppet in the
"
hands of the nobles. The True Cross," if the date of its
elevation at Jerusalem —
Sept. 14th, A.D. 629 be correct, —
must have been restored during his reign. '^
§ 1, The Arabic Tabari says that the realm was administered

by Mih-Azar-Gushnasp (Mihr 'Hasis in the Persian version),
the High Steward, who had charge of the Shah's person.
This may account for his being made out to be a regicide in
the Shahnama. He really seems to have b:'en a well-inten-
tioned man who did his best in very difficult circumstances.
'
At all events, according to the Persian Tabari, Shahrbaraz,

after taking j)os3ession of Cte.siphon, slew him and other
nobles on the i)retext of avenging the death of Khusrau
Parwiz.
-
'
XT, p. 386. ZT, ii., 347. NT, p. 392 note.
appears that Shalirbaiaz (Guraz) was not con-
§ 2. It
sulted raised to the throne, and he made
when Ardshir was
this an excuse for taking violent measures. The occasion
was a favourable one for an ambitious general in command
of an army. Moreover, he had an understanding, confirmed
by matrimonial alliances, with Heraclius, who no doubt
promised to recognise him if he became Shah. He accordingly
marched upon Ctesiphon with 6,000 or, according to another
account, 60,000 troops. The High Steward made an attempt
at resistance, but Shahrbaraz with the connivance of the
captain of the guard and other chiefs was successful and the
usual scenes of outrage and massacre ensued.^
§1
How Ardshir, Son of Shirivi, ascended the Throne and

harangued the Chiefs
Now as the next confronting me I voice

The reign of Shah Ardshir, I have no choice.
When Shah Ardshir sat on the throne both young
And old flocked to him from Iran, for many
Were chiefs grown old, to hear what he would say.^
The young Ardshir then loosed his tongue and thus
"
He spake Ye well-tried warriors may one,
: !
Whoe'er he be, that sitteth on the seat

Of sovereignty possess an open mind,
And worship God. We will ensue the course
Of former Shahs, ensue too Grace and Faith.
May we remember God who giveth good,
May all our acts be just I will advance !
The pious and make tyrants bleed. I trust

The army to Plruz, son of Khusrau,
Who loveth equity and loyal lieges.
'
For the above see /(i., p. 386 and «o/es. ZT, ii., 3.47. RSM, p. 541
'
Couplet omitted.
ARDSHIR. SOS OF SHIRWI 45
They for their part with such a paladin

Still will be happy and serene of soul."
Full many were contented with his speech ;
A peaceful ruler was the wish of each.
§2
How Gurdz tvas displeased at ArdsJnr being Shah and

how he caused Ardshir to he slain hy Piruz, Son of
Khusrau
Then tidings reached Guraz, who had involved

Khusrau Parwiz in sorrow and distress,
And he dispatched from Rum a man to say :
—
"
The crown of vile Shirwi is in the dust.
Hell take his soul aiid be his charnel-house C. 2051
O'erturned Who ever knew a lofty cypress
!
Wrecked in the garden by the grass, and one

Like to Khusrau Parwiz, whose peer as king
Time's eye and heart perceive not, who bestowed
My greatness on me, and I have not turned
From his behest ? Now fate dethroneth him,
And fortune's face is utterly averse ;
The circling heaven is his foe and maketh

His portion to be hidden in the earth ;
The sun and moon amerce him of his sway.

And take the crown and throne from such a king,
Bestow the sovereignty upon Shirwi,
And give up all Iranto wretchedness !
When he j)assed and Ardshir assumed the crown

Both young and old rejoiced in him, but I,
If I have any portionin Iran,
Will suffer not Qur countrv's air tg breathe
Upon him. Have I not received the news
Of Shah Khiisraii Parwiz wrecked by the words
Of one of evil mark ? I will not have
A king like this one though the age be Shahless,
For there is much contention in his head,
And he adviscth with another host.
Now come in force with chosen chiefs
will I
Of Rumand of Iran, and we shall see
What sort of Head that is to whom such schemes
Apj)cal. I will uproot him so that never
Shall he' name kingship more."
He sent a runner
To seek the ancients of the Iranian host,
And strove in other fashion to advance
His ill designs by writing to Piriiz,
"
Son of Khusrau, thus The Sasanians' fortune
:
Is louring and we need a world-aspirant

To gird himself for action. Haply thou
. Art ware of what to do and how to take
The needful steps, wilt seek for many helpers,
Both young and old, wilt clear away Ardshir,
And afterwards attain thy whole desire,
Be and well contented but if thou
safe ;
Reveal this plot, and feed the sword of war

With blood, I Avill lead forth such hosts from Rum
That I shall make the world dark in thine eyes.
Heed avcII my" words, and mayst thou think no scorii
Of mine intent thou nuist not fall through folly.
;
Oh pass not from the throne of majesty

!
To underneath the dust. Rc])entance then

Will not avail thee when in wreak my sword
Is reaping heads."
Piruz, son of Khusrau,
When he had read that letter and perceived
The whole intendment of that self-willed man,
C- 205 i Much pondered on the matter and consulted
AUDSlliR, SON Ol- SIliRWt ^7
Tlic ancient ma<Tnate.s, saying: "
Tliis alTair
Ilatli conic upon inc unawares and like
"
A revelation !
This was tlieir re))ly :

—
"
Famed and redoubted chieftain ! if our Shah
Shall perish we shall riohtly ])erish too
For such a crime. Let not Guraz' words move thee
To perpetrate such ill, but take occasion
For doing good. Write him a fitting answer.

And wake him from his dream. Sav Thwart not :
'
thou
God's purj)oses give not the Div a way
;
To thine own heart.

Reflect upon the case
Of Shah Khusrau Parwiz and all the wronsf
That led to his undoing, for what time
Thou didst depose him the Sasanian fortune
Went at one blow, and when Shirwi ascended
The royal throne and girt his kingly loins
Folk hoped such days as when Khusrau Parwiz
Was Shah whose wits were keen in all regards.
And if the world became what it became,
And gat no profit from the state of things,
It was because the world dealt foolishly.
And by one stroke lost its
advantages.
Now that Ardshir, succeeding to Kubad,
Is seated as the Shah upon the throne.
The world rejoicing in his majesty,
And earth and time exulting in his Grace,
Why should the world, now tranquil, he convulsed
By pain and war ? Knock not at evils' door ;
Those that slay blameless kings will prosper not.

In this strife circling heaven must not raise
Iran in dust. I fear that God will end
The Iranians' term for ills more heinous still.' "

Piruz, on this wise counselled, wrote Guraz —
That \illain of \ile race
(may none like him
Be ever chief
!)
—
a profitable letter.
And thou hadst said that one had got his heart
Between the shears when he had read those words.
In fierce wrath with Piriiz, son of Khiisrau,
He gathered all his baggage and commanded
The host to march
forth plainwards. At the news
Piriiz dispatched a cameleer to go
In all haste to Tukhar to summon him,
Informing him at large of the affair.
Of what Guraz was doing and the strife
About the imperial throne. Then from Tukhar
This answer reached Piriiz, son of Khusrau :
—-
"
C. 2053 Risk not the blood of the Iranian chiefs,
O noble man but hear what saith Guraz,
!
Since thou hast written on such wise perchance

He may not come to fight with thee."
Now when
Piriiz, son of Khusrau, had seen that letter
His heart had no repose from evil thoughts,
But gloomed with thinking how to harm the Shah,
Whose wont it was to summon him, for he
Was an observant man and eloquent.
And served as minister and treasurer.
He came one dark night for an audience,
And found the wine bright and the welcome warm.
Ardshir was seated in his palace-hall
In company with many young and old,
And when Piriiz, son of Khusrau, came raised.
Thou wouldst have said, his head to heaven, called
For harp, and all the hall was filled with music.
Piriiz, son of Khusrau, when midnight came.
Had drunk one man^ of wine while the companions
Of Shall Ardshir were all bemused no minstrel ;
Was left that kept his wits. The miscreant

Dismissed the company he and the Shah
:
*
See Vol. i., p. 290 note.
ARDSlllR. SON OF SUlRWt 49
Alone remained. That man of
outrage rose,
Laid hand upon the Sliah's hps unawares.
And held it there until Ardshir was dead. ,
The palace filled with scimitars and arrows.

All there —
ambitious youths and warriors —
Were fautors of Piruz, son of Khusrau.
Upon this manner ceased Ardshir to be
^Vlien he had had six months of
sovereignty.
VOL. IX
XLVI
GURAZ (ALSO CALLED FAKAYLN)

HE REIGNED FIFTY DAYS
AKGUMENT
Guiaz, hearing of ArdshiVs death, marches on Taisafun and
urged on by his younger, though dissuaded by his elder son,
usurps the throne. His rule described. A plot is formed
against him and he is slain while returning from the chase.
The throne remains vacant for a while.
NOTE
C/. note to previous reign. Guraz (Shahr-Barz, April
—
27th June 9th, A.D. 630) reigned for forty days.^ He was
one of the three chief generals employed by Khusrau Parwfz
in his long war against the Eastern Roman Emj>ire. His
real name, according to Tabari, was Farruhan. This in
Palilavi would be Earrukhan, which by a misreading has
become Farayin in the Shahnama. 8hahrbaraz (Shahrguniz,
or Shahrwaraz) is, says Tabari, a title. Eirdausi uses the
"
shortened form Guraz, which moans boar," because it
is more convenient metrically. The title may have been
appropriate enough. In the Shahnama the general is split
up into two personalities
— Guraz or Farayin, the usurper,
and Shahranguraz, the avenger of the breach made by the
upstart in the sacred line of Sasanian succession.^ In Tabari

the leader of the revolt is a native of Istakhr named Pusfar-
rukh.^ Shahranguraz in the Shahnama is also of the same
city.
3S8 and
^
'
NT, p. 390 and note.
'
Id. pp. 2<j2. and )iotc. 7iote. Id.
50
Gl'UAZ (ALSO CALLLD l-AUAviS) 51
§1
Holo Gurdz [also called Fardi/in) received Neivs of the

Slayinfj oj ArdsJnr, hastened to Iran, took Pos-
session of the Throne, and was killed bij Shahrdn-
gurdz
Piruz. soil of Khusrau, dispatched a post,

AikI letter too, in secret to Giiraz,
AVhose sombre soul, what time the messenger
Arrived, grew like the sun, and from those parts
He led forth such an army that the way
Was barred to fly and emmet. Like the wind
He sped to Taisafun, his soldiers' hands
All had been bathed in blood. When he arrived
The went out to welcome him, but none
chiefs
Among the troops dared breathe for they were few. C. 2054
Guraz, on entering the city, stayed not

For minister and counsellor but chose
A void place, and the magnates })rivily
Conferred with him. Piruz, son of Khusrau,
"
Set loose his tongue and said Famed paladin
: !
Whom hast thou chosen to be king of kings.

And illustrate the crown of majesty ? "
"
The warrior Guraz made answer thus :
—
I have not any secrets from Iran.
To-morrow look ye out for some new Shah

To some new moon upon the throne."
sit like
Since knowledge is the glory of a man

Walk not, if thou canst help it, foolishly.
He that hath wisdom speaketh goodly words.
And ns il orowcih he dcsei'l ct h ill.
It is the best of man's accomplishments,
The world's endeavour and the way of God.
Of things that grace one not there is no need
To speak at large for he will foolishly
Disgrace himself howe'er he may exalt
The case in point. When wisdom hath deserted
The head, and shame the eye, fame and disgrace,
—
And cold and hot, are one no terror this
To any coward whether quick or dead.
IMake, if thou canst, all good thy business
Because the world abideth not with any.
Let all thy usance be humanity,
Munificence and uprightness thy Faith.
When Farayin assumed the royal crown
He uttered what was in his mind and said :
—
"
Let me assume the kingship for a while.
And sit upon the throne of gold in joy.
Far better scatter wealth and be exalted
Than purchase sixty years of servitude.
Thus will I sit a while in sovereignty^
Arrayed in satin^ and in painted silk,
And after me my son shall take my throne.
Assume be king as was
this royal crown,
His sire, and be exalted and renowned.
\Vhoe'er shall minister to our delight
Shall be a happy man among mankind.
In feast-time we will drink with joyful hearts.
In war-time we will hunt our enemies."
His elder son said privily to him :
—
"
Who of us, father ever wore the crown ?
!
Feel not secure, take means to compass wcaltli ;
Thou wast the world's protector keej) to that.;
ir ;iny member of the royal race
Shalt come thou wilt not long be here thy heart ;
Will keep of kingshi{) only grief and })ain ;
"
Ox bcaver-skins."
\
GURAZ {ALSO CALLED FARAvIN) 53
Thou wilt be wretched, destitute, and wan."

''
Then said tlie younocr son Thou hast become : C. 2055
Crowned in the worUl and hast both troops and

treasures
Befitting royalty, but treasurcless
Wilt have to labour still. AVhat ancestor
Of Faridun, who had Abtin to sire.
E'er wore the crown ? Hold fast the world by courage
And treasure. Nobody is born a king."^
The younger's words pleased Farayiu the best,
Who bade his elder son " Be not so raw." :
He laid out in the royal offices

The muster-rolland called all troops to court.
He gave drachms night and day and many robes
Of honour ill-deserved. Within two weeks
Of all the treasury of Shah Ardshir
Remained not what would buy an arrow's phmie !
Whene'er Guraz would go forth to the pleasance

The lights were torches made of ambergris, '
Four score before and four score after him :
Behind them came his friends and partisans.

Of gold and silver were the goblets all,
The golden gem-encrusted.^ 'Twas his use
To feast all night. The nobles' hearts were full
Of vengeance on him. 'Twas his wont to roam
A-nights the gardens and the riding-groimd.
Save but to sleep and wake, to eat and plunder,
That slight, weak-witted one knew naught. He went
Drunk ever to re})ose and with a sash
J'rom Chin about his head. The troops were all
Vexed to the heart at him while all the province
Was full of turmoil and distress. He lost
All trace of generosity and grew
Unjust, unfortunate, and good for naught.
The world was wrecked by his iniquity,
'But cf. Vol. vi., p. 320.
^
The above couplets transposed.
And at his handling people smote their heads.
He shed the blood of innoeents until
The troops grew wi'oth with him. He used to shut
His eyes for gold and woidd liave sold the world
To win dinars. P'olk eursed him. All desired
His death and meeting privily discussed
His deeds. Hurmuzd Shahranguraz, a horseman
Redoubted of the city of Istakhr —
The glory of the chieftains thus addressed—
"
One night the Iranians secretly Ye chiefs : !
The time of Farayin is proving grievous ;
He holdeth all the chiefs in light esteem.

Why have your brains and hearts become thus
straitened ?
Through him all eyes are tearful, livers charged

With blood. Is no physician to be found ?
He is not royal or Sasanian ;
Why gird the loins before him ? Of a truth

2056 Your hearts have flown out of your breasts or else
"
Your pluck hath disaj)peared !
The folk replied :

—
"
Since there was no one left fit for the throne
None inspired by jealousy to take
is
This base-born's heart away but we adopt ;
Thy counsel. Tell us from thy stores of lore

How to release Iran from this insane
And hot-brained Shah ill both in word and deed.
"
May he be never blessed !
Shahranguraz
"
Replied The Iranians have sulTercd long.
:
If ye will harm me not but i)lay the Persian

E'en now by holy God's aid will I bring him
Down from his throne to dust."
"
He gat this answer :
—
May no harm come to thee All we the host !
To-day are thy supporters and thy stronghold

GUR.fZ {ALSO CALLED FARAyIN) 5.5
II ill lu-ivlruiii Inlall tlico/'
Ilcariiin I his
That royal wai'iior sought how to st'l.
Hands on Ihr woillilcss Shah. Now lie one day
Took order and departed from the city
To hunt, anil of the Iranians a troop
Of and lioires fared, escortinir him.
lords
lie uro-ed his eourser on and rode about
As 'twere Azargashasp, the cavaliers
Encircling him and beating up the game.
Now at what time they tin-ned back city-wards
Shahranguraz looked at the hapless Shah
With boldness, chose an arrow from his quiver,
One that was straight and had a point of steel,
And urged his black steed while the host looked on.
He stretched the bow and drew it out at whiles
To chest or head, then notched, as if in sport.
An arrow on the string and drew the bow
Till it concealed the point, and loosed his thumb.
Forthwith the shaft struck on the monarch's back.
Who dropped his whip. The arrow was all blood
Up to the feathers and the iron head
Protruded from his navel. All the troops
Unsheathed and all that night while dust-clouds rose
They ])lied their swords and knew not whom they
fought,
But took and gave back blows and cursed or blessed
That deed. Now when the yellow Veil appeared.
So that the world seemed like a leopard's back,
There was a multitude of slain and maimed.
And cavaliers and leaders were astound.
That great host was dispersed like timid sheep c. 2057
When they perceive a wolf. Long they remained
Without a king none cared to claim the crown.
:
For long they sought and sought in vain to trace

Some royal scion of the noble race.
XL VI I
PURANDUKHT
SHE REIGNED SIX MONTHS
NOTE
Purandukht (Puranducht, summer A.D. 630 autumn —
A.D. 631), reigned, according to Tabari, for one year and
four months. Her name, it appears, should be spelt with a
"
B, not with a P. She is said to have restored the True
Cross," but it seems more probable that this was done in the
reign of Ardshir. She made the leader of the successful

conspiracy against Shahrbaraz her prime minister.^ She
was the first historical female Shah and it was in allusion to
her reign and that of hfer sister Azarmdukht that the distich
is quoted in Mir Khand :
—
"
No dignity remains in a household
In which the hens are crowing like cocks."^
§1
How Purandukht ascended the Throne and slew Piriiz,

Son of Khusrau, and how her oivn Life ended
'Tis but crude policy when women rule,

But yet there was a lady — Purandukht —
Surviving of the lineage of Sasan,
'
For the above see NT, p. 390 seq. and notes, ZT, ii., 340.
•
RM, Pt. II., vol. iii., p. loi.
56
PURANDUKHT 57
And well road in the royal voliinio hor :
They seated on he throne of sovereij^nty,

I
Tlie (ireat strewed jewels over lier, and then

"
She s])akc npon this wise I will not have :
The people seattered,^ and I will cnrieh

The poor with treasnre that they may not bide
In their distress. God grant that in the wx)rld
There be none agorieved because his pain
may
Is my calamity. I will expel
Foes from the realm and walk in royal ways."
She niade search for Piruz, son of Khusrau,
Who was delated by an alien,
Whereat she chose some warriors from the host
Who broiioht Piriiz before her. She exclaimed :
—
"
Foul-purposed miscreant !- thou shalt receive,
As infamous, the guerdon for thy deeds."
She bade bring from the stalls a colt unbroken,
And bound, firm as a rock, Piriiz thereto
Without a saddle and wdth yoke on neck.
The vengeful lady had that untamed steed
Brought to the riding-ground and thither sent,
With lassos coiled up in their saddle-straps,
A band of warriors to urge the colt
To utmost speed, to strive from time to time
To thrown Piruz and ever roll itself
Upon the ground. That colt won much applause
Until with skin in shreds and dripping blood
Piriiz gave up the ghost right wretchedly. C. 2058
Why having done wrong seekest thou for justice ?
Nay, ill for ill ;

that is the course of right.
Piirandukht ruled the world with gentleness ;
No wind from heaven blew upon the dust,

But when six months had passed beneath her sway
The circle of her life bent suddenly ;
For one w'cek she was ailing, then expired,

'
Through misgovernment.
'
One couplet omitted
58 THE SHAHNAMA OF FlRDAUSt
And took away with her a fair renown.
Such is tlie })roccss of tlie turning sky,
So potent while so impotent are we !
11" thine be
oj)ulencc or [)overty,
If hfe afTordeth gain or loss to thee,
If thou shalt win what thou dcsirest so.
Or disappointed be in wretchedness,
And whether thou be one of wealth or woe.
Both woe and wealth will pass away no less.
Reign as a Shah a thousand years, five score.
For sixty years or thirty, ten or four.
It Cometh to one thing, when all is done.
If thou hadst many years or barely one.
Oh may thine actions thine own comrades be,
!
For they in every place will succour thee.

Let go thy clutch upon this Wayside Inn
Because a goodlier place is thine to win.
If thine endeavour be to learning given
Thou wilt by knowledge roam revolving heaven.
XLVIIT
AZAUMDUKHT
SHE REIGNED FOUR MONTHS
NOTE
Before Azarmdukht
(Azermidocht, end of A.D. 631
—
beginning of A.D. 632) came to the throne there seems to
have been a short interval during which a distant scion of the
royal House, who took the name of Piruz, ruled for less than a
month. The chief noble of the time, who was governor of
Khurasan, wished to make Azarmdukht his wile on wliich slie
had him privately executed. This noble's son was the Rustum
that fought and fell at Kadisiya some years later. On
hearing of his father's fate Rustam, who was in temporary
authority in Khurasan, marched with a great army against
Azarmdukht, oveithrew her and put her to death after she
had reigned six months. Her name probablv means " modest
girl."i
§1
How Azarmdukht ascended the Throne and how she died
There was another dame hight Azarmdukht,

Who had fruition of the crown of greatness.
She came, sat down upon the royal throne,
And made herself the mistress of the world.
"
Her first words were : O sages, veterans,
And masters of affairs ! be just in all,
'
I'or the above see NT, p. 303 ^'I'l notes, Z'l', ii, 350 seq.
59
6o THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSl
And follow precedent, for ye hereafter
Must make the bricks your pillow. I will foster
The loyal liege, assist him with dinars,
And if he erreth be longsuffcring ;
But him that is disloyal and deserteth

The way of wisdom and of precedent
Will I suspend in shame upon the gibbet.
Be he an Arab, Ruman cavalier,
Or Persian thane."
She filled the throne four months.
But with the fifth disaster came thereto,
c. 2059 For she too died, the throne had not a Shah,
But was the plaything of the ill-disposed.
With the revolving sky 'tis everything
To be all vengeful with its fosterling.
XLIX
FARRUKHZAD
HE REIGNED ONE MONTH
NOTE
Between, and even larlier than, the dcatli of Azarnidukht
and the accession of Yazdagird III., the order of the dynastic
succession becomes very confused. The names of the Shahs
vary in the different lists. The reason is that it was a period
of great internal unrest and various aspirants to the throne

held contemporaneously some short-lived authority in different
j)rovinces of the empire. One of these princes, Farrukhzad
(Fairukhzad-Khusrau) has received the honour of being
included in the list of the Shahs as recorded in the Shahnama.
Two accounts of the length of his reign are given in Tabari.
According to one, it lasted for six months, according to the
other, for a year. Both agree that he did not die a natural
death, and one of them states that his death was instigated
bv the adherents of Yazdagird.^
§1
IIdiv Farrukjzdd ascended the Throne and how he teas

slain by a Slave
Then from Jaliram they summoned Farrukhzad,

And seated him uj)on the throne of kingsliip.
There with a pious soul lie praised the Maker,
NT, 397 and note. RSM,
•
p. Cf. p. 544.
61
62 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIIWAUSt
And said " Son of the kings of kings am I,
:
And would have naught but quiet in the world.

The mischief-maker shall not be exalted
While I am Shah, but him that from his heart
Ensueth right, and is not mischievous,
Will I hold dear as my pure soul, and seek not
To harm the harmless. Him that beareth toil
On our behalf we will reward with treasure.
We will hold dear all friends and raise the fame
Of chieftains everywhere, but all my subjects,
Both friends and enemies, are safe v>ith me."
"
The troops all blessed him : Ne'er may earth and
time
Lack thee." Yet when his throne was one month old
The head of all his fortune came to dust.
He had a slave, a cypress-tree in stature.
Fair, lusty, and well-liking. That knave's name
Was Siyah Chashm.^ May heaven ne'er bring his
like !
The Shah too had a handmaid whom he loved.

She chanced on Siyah Chashm all unawares
One day, who sent to say "If thou wilt meet me
:
At such a place thou shalt have endless gifts,

And I will deck thy crown with jewelry."
The handmaid heard, made no reply, l)ut Avent
And told the thing to Farrukhzad who raged,
And could not eat or sleep in his concern.
He put the feet of Siyah ('hashm in fetters.
And cast him into prison. When the knave
Had been confined awhile the Shah released him,
C. 2060 For many pled for him. The slave returned
To serve the Shah and cut his lifetime short,
For just as such a bad malignant slave
Would do he sought revenge upon the Shah,
And seizing on a time when Farrukhzad
•
Black-eyed.
FARRUKHZAD 63
Rej)osed himself put poison in the wine.

The Shah drank, Uvcd one week, and all that heard
About his fate lamented him. The kingship
Was in extremities and foes appeared
On every side. The throne of king of kings,
Through these ill
doings of the Iranians,
Was overturned.
Of such a fashion are
Time's revolutions Let it be thy care
!
To gather for thyself therefrom thy share.

Pât what thou hast and trust the morrow not.
For it may hold for thee a difTerent lot :
To gi\"e to others it may take from thee.

Thou callest this a world and verily
It doth whirl ! So enjoy thine own, let go
The surplusage that thou hast toiled for so
To other folk but never to thy foe.
Else whensoe'er thy day is overpast
Thy hoards will be as is the desert-blast,
Thy treasures all become thine enemy's ;
So give away to set thy mind at ease.

YAZDAGIRD
HE REIGNED TWENTY YEARS
ARGUMENT
Yazdagird becomes Shah. The country is invaded by the
Arabs. He sends Rustani, the captain of the host, to oppose
them. Rustam takes a desjjondent view of the situation,
and after some attempt at negotiations is defeated by the Arabs
at Kadisiya and slain. The war continues, and Yazdagird
withdraws to Khurasan to get help from Mahwi of Sur, the
governor. Mahwi plots with Bizhan, a Turkish prince,
against Yazdagird, who is betrayed in battle and takes refuge
in a mill, where he is slain by tlie miller at the bidding of
Mahwi. Mahwi assumes the crown, makes war on Bizhan,
is taken prisoner, and put to death. The poem ends with a
brief passage, in which Firdausi gives some account of the
completion of his undertaking, of help afforded him and of

discouragements undergone, and concludes with a well founded
assurance of his own future fame.
NOTE
Yazdagird (IsdegirdIII., A.D. 632-6.'j2 or 653) has given

his nameto a chronological era which still obtains among the
Parsis. It dates from June 16th, A.D. 632. He was the son
of Shahryar, son of Khusrau Parwiz, and was an infant at
the time when that Shah and his sons were put to death
after the accession of Shirwi (Kubad;*) On that occasion
he was taken for safety to Istakhr. Tabari says that he was
>Seep. 34, 35.
64
YAZDAGIRD 65
murdered at the age of twenty-eight after a reign of twenty
3'ears.He was therefore only eight years old when a party
among the nobles set him up as a puppet king at Istakhr
(Persepolis), the old seat of empire, Ctesiphon at that time
being in the hands of a rival claimant of the throne. In the
contention that followed Yazdagird was successful, and in
the course of A.D. 633 he became recognised as sole Shah,
the administration remaining in the hands of the chiefs.^
He had succeeded to a heritage of woe. His empire was
ill-prepared for the troubles that were in store for it. Ex-
hausted by long wars, torn by domestic dissentions, and
lately devastated by plague, it had to confront a new and
vigorous organization inspired by religious enthusiasm and
impelled thereby to extend its borders on every side. Had
Yazdagird been a born leader of men and come to the throne
in the prime of life, he might for the time at least have been
successful, but in the circumstances, and taking into con-
sideration what we can gather as to his own character, we
can now see how hopeless from the outset his prospects were.
Students of Persian, however, have probably reason to feel
grateful to his reign, for even though we put aside as unsatis-
factory what tradition tells us on the subject, a reasonable
presumption remains that with the return of settled govern-
ment to a distracted country there was a revival of interest
in the story of the Iranian race and its heroes, and that com-
pilations were then made from which we still though indirectly

benefit. 2
§§ 2-11. The following is intended to supplement Firdausi's
inadequate account of the Arab conquest of the Sasanian
empire. He appears to assign it to the last years of Yaz-
dagird's then nominal sovereignty. From time immemorial
the Iranians and Semites had been at enmity.^ In Iranian
legend this feeling had found expression in the story of the
wicked Shah Zahhak, who, though originally an Aryan
myth,^ came to be regarded in succeeding ages as an earthly
king with his seat at Babylon. When, later still, the Iranians
again felt the weight of Semitic oppression, he was turned
into an Arab.^ Although during Sasanian times the semi-
independent kingdom of Hi'ra served to some extent as a
buffer-state between the Persian empire and the wilder Arab
'
NT, p. 397 seq. and notes. '
Cf. Vol. i., p. 67.
'
Id. p. 10.
* '
Id. p. 7. Id. pp. 54, 135. 141.
VOL. I^v fi
tribes there was always the liability of raids and the dangeJ'
was much increased when Klmsrau Parwîz was so unwise
as to put an end to the long-standing dynasty of the princes
of Hira and appointed a governor of his own in their stead. ^
In his reign too had occurred the disastrous battle of Dhu
Kar, in which the smallness of the forces engaged were out
of all proportion to tlie importance of the result. The Arabs
celebrated their victory with songs of triumph. ^ With that
inspiring memory and revelation of Persian weakness, with
the prospect of rich spoil to be won, and a nation of infidels
to be converted, it is not surprising that hostilities should
break out between the young and vigorous and the old and
enfeebled empire. Muhammad himself, tradition tolls us,
addressed a threatening letter to Khusrau Parwiz, who tore
"
it up, and the Prophet, on hearing of this, said He has
—
:
rent his own realm. "^ Muhammad died in June, A.D. 632
the month of tlie child Yazdagird's accession. x\bu Bakr,
the first Khalifa, being apprised by an Arab chieftain, who
had embraced Islam, of the state of the Persian empire,
sent his great general, Khalid, to begin hostilities. Khalid
was very successful in numerous engagements, and tem-
])orarily the whole tract bordering the western bank of the
Euphrates from the Roman frontier almost to the Persian
Gulf came into the hands of the Arabs. Khalid made Hira
his headquarters, and was preparing to attack Ctesiphon
and invade fran when he was recalled by Abu Bakr to take
command of the forces destined for the Syrian campaign.
" "
This is 'Umar's doing," said Khalid. He does not want
to see me conquer 'Irak."^ The departure of Khalid was the
Persians' opportunity. Encoiiraged by Rustam, who under
Yazdagird had become commander-in-chief, the inhabitants
of the conquered region rose against the Arabs but unsuccess-
fully. At this juncture Abu Bakr died and was succeeded
by 'Umar, who began his reign by giving Abii 'Ubaida the
chief command in Syria in the ])lace of Khalid. Then, it
is said, he
appealed publicly to the Faithful to volunteer
for the invasion of Persia and for two days in vain, the super-
session of Khahd having caused great indignation. It may,
however, have been thought that the acquisition of so m!ich
fertile territory and the consequent proximity to tlie Persian
' "
'
Vol. viii., p. 190. NT, p. 342. ZT, ii., 325.
<
Id. iii., 348.
YA/.DACIRD 67
capital, wore a sunuieiit achievement for the time being.

Nevertheless, on the third day, when 'Umar made his a|)])eal,
Abii 'Ubaida (not Klialicrs successor) oiTered himself and
Sa'ad, son of Wakkas, followed suit. A thousand others
imitated their examjile. 'Umar gave Abii 'Ubaida the chief
command as he liad been the first to volunteer. The Persians
in the meantime had withdrawn to Ctesiphon, whence Rustam
dispatched a force, which had with it the flag of Kawa/
to watch the enemy. Abii 'Ubaida, who was very inferior
in numbers, threw a ])ridge across the Eujjhrates, attacked the
I'ei'sians, was defeated and slain. This battle is known as
"
The Battle of the Bridge," and took place in November,
A.D. 634. An attack, however, by the Persians on Hira
failed, and the Arabs raided the Persian settlement of Baghdad
(not of course the well-known city of that name") where
twice a year a fair was held. 'Umar appointed Sa'ad, son of
Wakkas, to succeed Abu 'Ubaida, and both sides made efforts
to reinforce their respective armies. The Persian adherents
west of the Euphrates again rose. Rustam crossed the river
with a great host, and advanced to Kadisiya where the Arabs
had concentrated. The battle that ensued is said to have
lasted four days with varying fortune till a dust-storm turned
the scale in favour of the Arabs. The slaughter was very
great and so was the spoil. 'Umar forbade the Arabs to make
any further advance for the present, but as the situation
of their camp proved to be very unhealthy he directed Sa'ad
to choose a more suitable site, whereupon Sa'ad foimded
Kufa. Thenceforth the whole of the region west of the
Euphrates was lost to the Persians. To secure the lower
course of the Euphrates and Tigris 'Umar also founded Basra,
west of the Shatt-al-Arab. The battle of Kadisiya seems to
have been fought A.D. 636-7, but the chronology of the period
is somewhat uncertain. Then came a considerable pause in
the Arab advance. The Arabs seem to have spent the in-
terval well in securing what they had gained while the Persians
on the other hand appear to have been paralysed by their
misfortunes. At all events, when the invasion was resumed
and Sa'ad, crossing the Euj)hrates, marched on Ctesiphon,
no resistance was offered and Yazdagird, who had lingered
there too late to secure the removal ot most of his treasures,
fled with his court to Hulwan.^ His example of flight seems
'
\'()1. i., p. 154 seij.
-
Sec Vol. vi., p. 254. See Vol. vii., p. 1S7.
68 THE SH Ah NAM A OF FIRDAUSt
to have been followed by a majority of the inhabitants. The
Arabs came in for an immense booty according to Oriental
accounts. If, however, we take into consideration the
domestic troubles of the years preceding Yazdagird's accession,
and what must have been the financial needs of the short-lived
Shahs of that period, we are justified in suspecting that the
amount of precious metals and of the more portable forms
of wealth generally was not so great as has been affirmed.
Sa'ad, when he had established himself in the Persian cajiital,
asked permission of 'Umar to pursue Yazdagird who had
gathered a considerable army under the command of a
Mihran^ at Jalula in the neighbourhood of Hulwan. 'Umar
refused to allow Sa'ad to go in person and instructed nini to
send instead Hashim who was either his brother or his nephew.
Hashim was much inferior in point of numbers, and it was
six months before he brought the Persians to a decisive en-
gagement. He then won a complete victory, and followed
up his success at Jalula of Hulwan.
by the capture Yazdagird
fled to Rai and 'Umar, contejit for the moment with what
had been achieved, forbade any further advance. The next
stage of the Arab conquest was made outside the sphere of
Sa'ad's authority, who sent, however, by 'Umar's command
troops to assist. In the north Mesopotamia, and in the
south Khiizistan, were invaded and annexed. A raid was
made also across the Persian Gulf from Bahrain into Pars,
but without lasting results, as the Arab forces got into diffi-
culties and had to be rescued by an expedition sent for the
purjiose from Basra. About A.D. 640 in consequence, it

is said, of com])laints made by the people of Kiifa, 'Umar
recalled Sa'ad and Yazdagird seized the opportunity to make
a supreme effort to recover his lost possessions. A large
army, summoned from the yet unconquered provinces of the
eTn])ire, was concentrated at Nahavand, some fifty miles
south of Hamadan, and [)laced under a Persian general named
Piruzan. On this 'Umar ordered Nu'man, who was in com-
mand in Khuzistfin, to gather all available forces from the
regions already annexed and march against tlie enemy.
Nu'muii, who was greatly inferior in point of numbers, found
the Persians strongly encamped at Nahavand and tried in
vain to bring on a general engagement. In the end he managed
to effect liis purpose by means of a stratagem. He broke up
'
See id. p. 185.
YAZDAGIRD 69
liis
camp and made a liasty retreat. Piruzan wciil in |iur.suit,
on which Nu'man turned upon hJin and won what the Arabs
call "The Victory of Victories" (A.T). (Mi -2). Piiu/.an
was taken prisoner and slain, and Nu'man Jiimsclf fell in the
fi.i^ht. This was the last effort of the Persians at a national
resistance. Henceforth their o])])osition was merely pro-
vincial or local, and wholly ineffective. One after another
the remaining provinces of the Sasanian empire were over-
run by the Arabs and permanently annexed, while Yazdagird,
who had fled from Rai after the disaster of Nahavand, re-
mained a fugitive till his death some ten years later.
§ 2. In Tabarf Rustam's father is called Farrukh-Hurmuzd,
the governor of Khurasan, who was slain, it is said, by Azarm-
dukht and avenged by his son.^ Khurasan probably formed
part of the satrapy of Nimruz, one of the four into which Nushir-
wan divided his empire.- Tradition makes the governors
of that satrapy, and their sons play a very important part
during the last few } ears of the Sasanian dynasty.^ The
position of commander-in-chief held by Rustam at the battle
of Kadisiya, probably indicates that he had been instrumental
in bringing about the elevation of Yazdagird to the throne.'*
Rustam's brother was named Farrukhzad.
§ 3. Mughira, son of Shu'ba, was one of the companions
of Muhammad, and played a prominent role in the affairs of
the time. He went on a similar embassy to the Persians
before the battle of Nahavand.^ He was governor for a time
at Basra,'' Mecca,' and Kufa, where he died in A.D. 670/'^
§ 4. Sa'ad took no personal part in the battle of Kadisiya.
He was suffering from sores at the time and had to content
himself with merely directing operations.^ Consequently
he did not slay Rustam in single combat as Firdausi states.
When the dust-storm came on the fourth day of the battle,
Rustam was seated under an awning erected on the bank
of the canal of Kadisiya and surrounded by the camels that
carried his treasure. The awning was blown into the water.
and Rustam took shelter among them. In the confusion
caused by the storm, the Arabs broke the Persian centre.
One of them, named Hilal, striking in the darkness at random
among the camels, hapj)ened to hit the one under which
'p. 59. 'Sec Vol. vii., p. 214. 'pp. 5, 6, 59, 87, 95 seq.
' ' •
NT, p. 397 note. NIX, p. 13. ZT, iii., 474. Id. 404.
' ' '
Id. iv., 2. Id. 16. Id. iii., 398.
70 THE SHAhnAMA OP FiRDAUSf
Rustani was seated, and cut the cord that secured its load
of treasurewhich fell on Rustam's head. Thougli injured,
he made an atteinj)t to swim across the canal, Init was cauglit
by Ililal and slain. ^
§§9-11. There is a general agreement in Persian tradition
that Yazdigird did not die a natural death. The scene of it
is mostly laid at Marv, and the most pojndar version associates
it with a mill. Firdausi's story evidently has been worked up

as the appeals addressed to Mahwl show. The villain's
guilt too is more emphasized, and he is made more directly
responsible for the tragedy. Elsewhere the nailer murders
the Shah for mere greed. Marv a})pears to be a likely place
for Yazdagird to have chosen to reside in, as he could easily
escape thence across the Oxus in case of need. In some
accounts he does cross and negotiates to little purpose with
the Turks, but is brought back across the river for the final
scene. What the truth of the matter was seems to be quite
uncertain.
§14. According to the account in the Persian Tabari,
Mahwi, after the death of Yazdagird, remained at Marv till
he was compelled to leave owing to the approach of the Arabs,
when he fled across the Oxus and took refuge with the Turks.^
Their Khan is the Bizhan of the Shahnama.
§1
Hoiv Yazdagird ascetided the Throne and addressed the

Chiefs
When Farrrukhzad departed Yazdagird

Became the Shah upon tlie day of Ard
In month Sapandarmad. What said the man
Brave, eloquent but weary of Hfe's span ?
"
Would that my mother had not brouoht mc forth,
High heaven not turned o'er me !
The days of greatness and the days of want

'
Id. 396. ^
ZT, iii., 505.
YAZDAGIRD 71
For all soon cease to be.

TiiiK', as thou lookest, passcth ; !i()nc can lake
Anns to contciul with it,
So furnish forth the board and drain the eup,

And sad talk intermit.
What though thou ride high heaven yet bricks will
prove
Thy pillow at the last ;
If thou be king what of the end ? First throne,

But what when life hath past ?
Let not thy heart be troubled, trust not much
High heaven as thy supjjort ;
It aeteth as it willeth ; elc})hant

And
lion are its sj)ort.
'Twill outlast thee, its tale is long ;
be not
With pride of life o'erflown ;
Thou canst not better Faridun or be C. 2061
Parwiz^ with crown and throne.^

From those exalt seven planets do thou well
Consider what to Yazdagird befell."
W^hen he sat happy on the throne of kingship.
And placed upon his head the crown of might,
He said " By process of the turning sky
:
I am the true-born son of Nushirwan.

Mine is the sway from sire to sire and mine
Are Virgo, Sol, and Pisces. I will seek
For greatness, wisdom, hardihood, contention.

And manliness, for life and fortune stay
With none, nor treasure, kingship, crown, and throne.
Fame abide for aye but not desire
will ;
Put then and exalt thy fame.

ofT desire
It is by fame that man shall live for ever
While his dead body lieth in the dust.
How good are Faith and justice in a Shah !
The times are full of blessings on his fan\e.

»
Khusrau Parwiz. '
Couplet omitted.
I purpose while I live to pluck up ill,
Both root and branch."
The chiefs applauded him,
And hailed him as the monarch of the earth,
And thus it was, till sixteen years had sped,
That sun and moon revolved above his head.
§2
How Son of WakJcds, invaded Iran, how Yazda-

Sa'ad,
gird sent Rustam to oppose him, and how Riistam
wrote a Letter to his Brother
It was so that 'Umar, the famous Arab,

Commander of the Faithful, ^ he whose sword
Turned day to night, the man approved by God,
Who hath no equal, sent the chosen Sa'ad,
Son of Wakkas, with troops against the Shah.
When Arab fortune worsted Persian,
And the Sasanians' fortune had grown dark.
The world had had full measure of its Shahs ;
Gold was not seen, the mite was manifest.

Good turned to evil, evil turned to good,
The path lay Hellward, not to Paradise,
The wheel of circling heaven was changed and cut
All kindness for the Persians clean away.
The slave must do the almighty Maker's will,
And bear what He infiicteth. Save with Him
There is no life or joy.
When Yazdagird
Learned what had chanced he gathered troops on all
sides,
C. 2062 And bade Hurmuzd's son lead them forth. His name
'
He assumed this title.
YAZDAGIRD 73
Was Riistani. He was wary, wise, a warrior

And potentate, a reader ol the stars,
Exeeeding shrewd and all attcnt to hear
The arch images' words. He niarehed away
With all the noble, those that were alert
And brave, and after thirty months they sought
To fight at Ktidisiya. Being learned
In heaven's lore as an astrologer,
"
And one both just and good, he said No time:
Is this to fight, the river of the Shahs

Will flow not in this bed," and so he took
His astrolabe, observed the stars and smote
His head because it was a day of bale,
Then wrote in grief and told his brother all.
First offering praise to God who had ordained
His good and evil fortune, and proceeded :
— -
"
Well may the revolutions of the sky
Fill the observer with disquietude !
I am the guiltiest person of the time,

And therefore have been caught by Ahriman,
Because the kingship passeth from this House ;
No season this of conquest and the Grace !
From the fourth heaven Sol is looking down

To hasten to the fight of mighty men.
Both Mars and Venus bode mishap to us,
And none can 'scape high heaven. Mercury
And Saturn are opposed, the former too
Hath entered Gemini, Such is the case,
A great event toward, and my heart
is
Is weary of its life. I can discern

All that will be but fain woidd hold my peace.
When I agnized this secret of the sky —
That it assigncth us but grievous travail —
I wei)t right sorely for the Iranians,
And burned for the Sasanians. Woe is me
For head and crown, for state and throne, and woe
74 THE SH Ah NAM. I OF FIRDAUSt
For majesty, for fortune, and for Grace
Because hereafter will defeat betide them
From the Arabians, tlie stars not turn
Save to our hurt, and for four hundred years
None of our royal race will rule the world !
An envoy from our foemen came to me,

'
And divers parleyings followed. We,' they said,
Will give up to the Shah the tract between
'
The river-bank and Kadisiya ye ;
Shall grant us access to some trading centre

That we may sell and buy we will not ask;
For more hereafter we will pay large dues,

;
And willnot seek the chieftains' diadems,

C. 2063 But willobey withal the king of kings.
And render hostages at his demand.'
Such is the talk. No action hath ensued,
But still the stars are adverse. Long will be
The strife. Fierce Lions will be slain })y hundreds.
The chieftains that are with me in the war —
Galbwi of Tabaristan and Armani,
Who do the deeds of Ahriman in fight,
Mahwi, he of Suran, and other chiefs.
Who wield the heavy mace and battle-ax —
Heed not our foes proposals but observe :
—
'
Who are these haughty folk and what do they
Both in Iran and in Mazandaran ?
For road and territory, weal and woe.
We must employ the mace and scimitar ;
We will exert ourselves, quit us like men.

And make the world both dark and strait to them.'
None of them knoweth circling heaven's design.
And how its aspect hath been changed to us.
On reading this take measures with the chiefs,
Make preparations and lead lorth the host,
Collect the treasures, handmaids, and state-robes,
Then hasten Azar Abadaaan
"o^
—
YAZDAGIRD 75
The (hvellino- c)!' tlic jMiolity and tlie Fyqq.

WhaU-Ncr herds of horses thou iiinysl have
Send to the treasiirei" of Azar»vaslias|).
If sokUers seek thee from Zabuhstan,
Or from Iran, im])lorino- thy protection,
Receive and treat with kindness their excuses
In view of what the turning skv is doinjr —
Tlic cause of joy and terror to us all,
At whiles exalting and at whiles abasing.
Let mother know my words for of a truth
She will not look upon my face again.
Greet her from us and counsel her at large
Not to be troubled here below\ If any
Shall bring bad news of me be not too downcast,
For know that in this Wayside Hostelrj^
He that aniasseth treasure by his toil
Will find his toil more than such worldly treasure,
And that another will enjoy the fruit.
What need was there for so much toil and greed ?
Desire is lessened not
by having more.
At all times worship God and purge thy heart
Of all affection for this Wayside Inn
Because our fortune is in straits, the king
Will see me not again. Do thou and all
Our House, botli old and young, unceasingly
Piaise God and pray the Maker, for with this
My host I am in stress, in travail, grief,
And bitter fortune, and shall not escape C 2064
At last. May this sweet comitry of Iran
Be in prosperity ! Whenas the world
Is straitened to the king hold treasure, life,
And person of small worth, for of that race
So famed and honoured there is no one left
Save that exalted one. Watch over him
By day and niglit till I have fought the Arabs.
Be not remiss in toil for he is now
76 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSf
All that we have to look to in this world,
And the Sasanians' memorial.
For no one will behold that House again.
Woe for the head and crown, for seal and right
Since royal throne will go adown the blast !
Fare well, be not concerned, and ever be

Before the world-lord, and if ill betide him
First give thine own head to the scimitar
Ungrudgingly. When pulpit fronteth throne,
And when Abii Bakr and 'Umar shall be
As household words, our long toils will be lost,
And long will be the fall before the rise.
Thou wilt not see throne, diadem, or state :
The stars award the Arabs everything.^

There will not be throne, crown, or golden boot.
Or gem, or coronet or flaunting flag.
One man will toil, another will enjoy ;
None will give heed to justice or to bounty.^

Then warriors will be men that fight afoot
While horsemen will be mocked and flouted at ;
The warlike husbandman will be despised.

High birth and majesty will bear no fruit ;
Then men will rob each other, none v>n\\ know

A blessing from a curse, and secret dealing
Prevail o'er open, while the hearts of men
Will turn to flint, sire will be foe to son.
And son will scheme 'gainst sire a worthless slave
;
Will be the king, high birth and majesty

Will count for nothing no one will be loyal.
;
There will be tyranny of soul and tongue.

A —
mongrel race Iranian, Turkman, Arab
—
Will come to be and talk in gibberish.^
Z. 2065 will collect all treasures 'neath their skirts.
They
Toil and resign the j^roduct to their foes.
'Two couplets omitted. 'Three couplets omitted.

•
See Vol. i., p. 34.
YAZDAGIh'l) 77
(iriff, travail, billerness will thus prevail

As joy did in Bahrain Gur\s days ; feasts, song.
Race and renown will cease men ;
will set traps,
Will seek their profit in another's loss,
And make their pretext Faith no difference;
Will be 'twixt Sprino- and Winter ;i there will be

No wine at feasts they will not recognise
;
Degree and place but live on barley-bread.

And dress in wool. When much time hath passed
thus
None regard the noble Persian stock.
will
They be shedding blood for lucre's sake.

will
An evil age will be inaugurate.
My heart is full, my face is wân, my mouth
Is parched, my lips are filled with sighs to thiidc
—
That after I the paladin have gone —
Sasanian fortune shall become thus dark ;
So faithless hath revolving heaven grown,

Ta'en umbrage, and withdrawn from us its love !
If with my lance I strike a brazen mountain

I pierce it, being brazen-bodied too.
But now my shafts with steel-transfixing heads
Are impotent with men that wear no mail !
My sword, which felled the necks of elephants

And lions at a blow, can not cut through
An Arab skin !
My knowledge bringeth loss
On loss upon me. Would
that I possessed not
This wisdom since it causcth me to know
Of this ill day The chiefs that are with me
!
From Kadisiya are both hardy men

And hostile to the Arabs. They expect
That this brake will be filled, that earth will run
Like the Jihun. with our foes' blood. None knoweth
The secret of the skies and that this strife
'
Muhammadan years being lunar the months are associated with
no particular season.
78 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSI
Can not be auicklv ended but when fortune ;
Departeth from a race what profit conieth

Of travail and of fight ? Be prosperous,
My brother !
May the Shah's heart joy in thee
Because this Kadisiya is my charnel,
My breastplate is my shroud, my helmet blood :
Such is the secret of the lofty sky.

Bind not thine own heart to my griefs but keep
Thine eyes upon the Shah, and sacrifice
Tliysclf for him in fight, because the day
Of Ahrinian is coming on apace
When circling heaven will sliow us enmity."
When he had sealed the letter he said thus :
—
"
My blessing be upon the messenger
That shall convey this letter to my brother.
"
And tell him not what I have said, but other !
§3
Iloiv Ruslam wrote toSa'ad, Son oj Wakkds, and Jioiv
he replied
2066 He sent a messenger in swiftness like

The flash and thunder-clap to Sa'ad. They wrote.
In apprehension yet not in despair,
A letter on white silk and thus endorsed :
—
"
This from the paladin of jâladins —
The warlike Kustam, son of Hurnuizdshah^—
To Sa'ad, son of Wakkas, the prudent, wise.
And circumspect, who hath come forth to fight."
"
It thus began We still must fear the World-lord,
:
The Holy, who sustaincth turning heaven,

'
Cf. Mardanshah as a proper name and p. 59.
y.lZDAGiJd) 7<j
Whose rule is
justiee and beneficence.
May blessinos from Ilini rest upon the king.
The histro ol' the sionct, crown, and throne,
The loril of sword, of diadem and lasso,
Whose Cirace restraineth Ahriman in bonds.
A hateful matter hath occurred to us
In these uncalled for labours and this strife.
Rej)ly to me and say who is your kin^r,

Who thou art, what thy ride and custom are,
And whose assistance is it that ye seek
With unmailcd soldiery and unmailed chief ?
Fed uj) with bread thou art still ravenous ;
Thou hast no elephants, no throne, no baggage.

Enough for thee to live within Iran,
For crown and signet are another man's,
W^ho hath Grace, elephants, and crown and throne —
A famous Shah of lengthy lineage.
No throned king hath such stature or the moon
In heaven such aspect. When enthroned he sitteth
With smiles that make his silvern teeth appear ;
His gifts would purchase Arabs in the gross.

And not impoverish his treasury.
His dogs, his hawks, and cheetahs are twelve thousand.
And they are decked with golden bells and varvels.
The whole \vaste of the wielders of the spear
Could find not in a year from end to end
Enough to feed his cheetahs and his hounds
When he is hunting on the plain. The Arabs,
From drinking camels' milk and eating li/ards,
Have reached a pitch whereat the Persian throne
Is coveted !
Shame, shame on circling heaven !
Ye have no veneration in your eyes.

Or, in yo;n- wisdom, love or reverence.
With such a visage and such tastes and ways
Is thy heart set upon the crown and throne ?
If thou art seeking power within thy means.
8o THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSl
And art not merely speaking words in jest,
Dispateh to us some man of goodly speech,
2067
Send some brave veteran and man of lore,

That he may tell me thine intent and who
Doth lead thee to attempt the royal throne.
Then will I send a horseman to the Shah
To ask of him whatever thou wilt ask,
But seek not with so great a king to fight,
For shame at last will come upon thy face.
His grandsire was the world-lord Nushirwan,
Whose justice made the aged young again.
His fathers have been Shahs, and he is king ;
The aê rcmembereth none like to him.

Fillnot the world with curses on thyself,
Misprize not thine own precedents. Regard
This letter of advice and bar not thou
Thine eyes and ears to wisdom." When the letter
Was sealed he gave it to high-born Piruz,
Son of Shapiir. To Sa'ad, son of Wakkas,
This paladin and magnates from Iran,
Of ardent soul, went whelmed in iron, silver.
And gold, with golden shields and golden girdles.
On hearing, Sa'ad, that noble man, set forth,
Swift as the flying dust, to meet Piruz
With troops, forthwith dismounted and inquired
About the army and its paladin.
About the Shah, his minister and host.
The watchful leader and his provinces.
He sjn-ead his cloak beneath Piruz and said :
—
"
We hold the sword and spear to be our mates :
Brave warriors make no mention of brocade,

Of oold and silver or of food and slumber.
Ye have no part in manhood but are like
To women with your colours, scents, and forms.
Your prowess is in donning broidery,
Adornino- roofs and dccoratinu' doors."
YAZDAGIRD 8i
Piruz then gave the letter and told Sa'ad

The words of Rustam. Sa'ad heard, read, and
wondered.
He wrote an answer baek in Arabic,
Announcing good and ill. He wrote there first

The name of God and of His messenger,
]Muluunmad, who direeteth to the truth.
He spake of Jins and men, of w^hat the Prophet,
The Ilashimite,! had said, the Unity
Of God, of the Kuran, of promise, warning,
Of menace and of novel usages.
Of liquid pitch, of fire, and icy cold.
Of Paradise, its streams of milk and wine.
Of camphor and of musk, of bubbling springs.
Of wine and honey and the trees of heaven.'^
"
Then : the Shah accepteth the true Faith
If
He will obtain both Avorlds with joy and kingship.
And have withal the earrings and the crown.
Perpetual beauty and prosperity.
His intercessor there will be Muhammad, c. 2068
His form like pure rose-water. In as much

As Paradise will be thy recompense
We must not plant thorns in the garth of bale.
The personality of Yazdagird,
This spacious world, such gardens, riding-grounds.
And halls and palaces with all the thrones
And crowns, the festivals and revelries.
Are less worth than one hair of an Houri.
In this our Wayside Hostelry thine eyes
Are dazed by crown and treasure, and thou trustest
Too much in ivory throne, in wealth, and signet,
In fortune and in crown. W^hy be concerned
About a world when one draught of cold water
Out-prizeth it ? Wlioever cometh forth
•
Hashim was the great-grandfather of Muhammad.
•
This is taken from the Kuran. Cf. Vol. i., p. yy.
VOL. IX F
82 THE SHAHNAMA OF FlRDAUSl
To figlit with me
a narrow grave,
will see
And Hell, naught but Paradise is his
else ;
If he believeth. Mark how he should fare.

He still will choose the one and shun the other
As every wise man knoweth."
Then he set
The Arab seal thereon and praised Muhammad,
The messenger of Sa'ad, son of Wakkas,
Went with speed to Rustam. Now what time
all
Sliu'ba Mughira wênt forth from the chiefs

To journey to the paladin, a noble.
One of the Iranians, came in from the way
Before the captain of the host, and said :
—
"
A
messenger hath come a weak, old man — —
Without a horse or weapons and ill-clad.
With thin sword slung about his neck and shirt
All plainly tattered."
Rustam thus apprised
Pre])ared a tent-enclosure of brocade.
They laid a carpet of gold thread of Chin ;
The soldiery turned out like ants and locusts.

They set a golden ante-throne whereon
The captain of the host assumed his seat
With eight score warriors attending him—
Horsemen and lions on the day of battle —
With crowns, with violet robes, and golden boots,
With torques and earrings, v/hile the tent-enclosure
Was royally adorned. Shu'ba IMughira,
On coming to the tent-enclosure, walked not
Upon the cloth but humbly on the ground.
And used his scimitar as walking-stick.
He sat upon the dust without a look
At any— captain of the host or chief.
Then Rustam said to him " May thy soul joy, :
And by its knowledge make thy body strong."

"
Shu'ba Mughira said : If thou, good sir !
YAZDAGIRD 83
Acceptest the true Faith, peace unto thee."

Now Rustani, hearing this, was vexed and frowned.
He took and gave the letter to a reader. c. 20O9
That learned man told him what was writ, and Rustam
"
Made answer : Tell him :
'
Thou art neither king
Nor an aspirant to the diadem,
But thou hast seen my fortune in eelipse,^
And so thy heart ambitioneth my throne.
The case is one of moment to the wise.
But thou hast not considered it. If Sa'ad
Had the Sasanian throne I well might share
His feasts and fights, but since the faithless stars
Bode ill, what shall I say ? This is the day
Of bale. If for my
guide I take INIuhammad,
And this new Faith
for old, all will go wrong-
Beneath crook-backed sky, and all go hard
this
With us.' But as for thee, depart in peace ;
The day of battle is no time for words.

Tell Sa'ad To die with honour is a thing
:
'
Far better for me than crude parleying."
§4
How Rustam joiKjJd with Sa'ad, Soit of WaJcJcds, and

ivas slain
Shu'ba Mughira went his way, and Rustam

Bade to array the host and sound the trumpet.
From all sides troops assembled, clouds of dust
Arose, and din that dcafed the sharpest ears.
"
The steely lance-heads mid the murky reek
"
Are," thou hadst said, stars mid night's azure
gloom,"
Reading with P.
»
While spears ne'er ceased to smite on glittering helms.
The strife endured three days, till water failed
The Iranians, and their warriors' hands and steeds
Became unfit for combat. Rustam's lips
Grew as the dust with drought, his tongue was split.
And men and horses battened on moist clav,
So grievous was the stress !
Shouts rose like thunder

From Rustam and from Sa'ad as they advanced,
Each from his post. Each left his
army's centre,
And drew off from the Departing thus
field.
They came beneath a steep-up eminence.

And there those chieftains twain assailed each other
Revengefully upon that scene of strife
Till Rustam, roaring like a thunder-clap.
Smote with his sword Sa'ad's charger on the head.
Smote the swift charger which came headlong down,
2070 And brave Sa'ad was unhorsed. Then Rustam reared
Aloft a trenchant blade to show to him
The Day of Doom, and was in mind to strike
His head off, but by reason of the dust
Raised by the troops they could not see each other.
Then Rustam lighted from his steed and saddle
Of leopard-skin and fastened to his belt
His charger's reins but, while dust blinded him,
Sa'ad hurried up and smote him with the sword
Upon his helm whence blood ran down his face.
And while his eyes were blinded by the gore
The aspiring Arab gained the upper hand,
Again smote Rustam on the head and neck.
And flung his warrior-body on the dust.
None in the two hosts were aware thereof.
Or whither those two paladins had gone,
But searched until they found the scene of strife.
The Iranians, when they spied their paladin
Slashed by the scimitar from head to foot,
YAZDAGIRD 85
Fled. Miuiy a chieftain pcrislied in the press,

And many upon the saddle.
failed for thirst
The world had had full measure of the Shahs.
The host fared to the monarch of Iran,
And hastened on the way both day and night.
When Rustam had been slain in fight, and when
The chiefs' heads were all turned, the Muslim host
Sped like a savage lion in pursuit. ^
At that time Yazdagird was at Baghdad ;
To him the troops came flocking and announced

That Rustam was no more, and that the sea
Was dry with grief, that many men had fallen.
And that the rest had fled the battlefield.
The hosts, both Persian and Arabian,
Reached Karkh, and Farrukhzad, son of Hurmuzd,
Wroth and with tearful eyes came from the Arwand,
Arrived at Karkh, fell on the enemy,
And not an Arab warrior survived.
The Persians marched out from Baghdad intent
To meet the foe, and bloodv was the event.
Hoiv Yazdagird consulted with the Iranians a7id icent

to Khurasan
When Farrukhzad had gone back to the Shah,

All over dustand in his fighting-gear,
He lighted from his charger, did obeisance,
"
The French version of the rest of this section is as follows
'
:
—
Yezdegird ^tait k Bagdad lorsque ses troupes afiluerent autour
de lui. Farrukhzad, fils d'Hormuzd, furieux et rcpandant des
larmes, traversa le Tigre, entra dans Kerkh et livra un assaut
terrible qui ne lassa vivant aucun des
guerricrs armcs de lances.
Les troupes sortirent aussitot de Bagdad et alKrcnt chercher le
combat dans la plaine mais lorsque la poussitre de la lutte se fut
;
dissipee, les Iraniens etaient en fuite."

Blood in his eyes and anguish in his heart,
"
And said to Yazdagird weep so nmch
:
Why ?
Is it to wash the throne of kings with tears ?

2071 Thou only of the royal race art left
To wear the crown and sit upon the throne.
One, with a hundred thousand enemies,
How canst thou battle when exposed to all ?
Betake thee to the forest of Narwan ;
The folk will gather to thee there and thence.

Like valiant Faridiin, do thou renew
The fight hke fire."
The king of kings gave ear.
New thoughts occurred. Upon the morrow's morn
He sat upon his throne, assumed the crown,
Held an assembly with his men of lore,
The magnates and shrewd-hearted archimages.
And said " What seemeth good to you herein
: ?
What precedents recall ye from the past ?

Saith Farrukhzad to me
'
Depart and take

:
Thy followers to the forest of Narwan :
The people of Amul, are servitors.

The people of Sari all slaves, to thee,
And, when thy troops are many, come again
With puissance to battle with the Brave.'
"
Do ye approve ?
They all of them exclaimed :

—
"
That is the course."
The king of kings rejoined :
—
"
not well. I purpose otherwise.
It is
Shall I desert the chieftains of Iran,
And this great host, our country, throne, and crown
To save myself ? That were not majesty.
Or manliness or policy. To fight
The foe is better for me than disgrace.
The leopard spake a saw in this regard :
—
'
Whene'er the time of stress shall come on thee

YAZDAGIRD 87
Turn not in folly from thine enemy.'

For just as subjects should obey their kin<>
lu good and ill so he nmst not desert them
In their distress and go off to his treasures."
"
The great men blessed him, saying : Crown
and signet
Exist for ends like these. Think what thy will
And wishes are, and what assurances
Thou wouldst of us."
The Shah thus answered them :
—
"
Anxiety is ruin to the heart.
Our best course is to go to Khurasan
Where we shall feel secure from strife w4th foes,
For there we are possessed of many troops,
And valiant paladins. The Turkish chiefs
And Khan of Chin will come and do us homaoe
While I will make the union stronger still
By marriage with the daughter of Faghfiir.
A great host will arrive to succour us,
The magnates of Turan and mighty men.
There the warden of the marches too,
is
Mahwi, with horsemen, elephants, and wealth

Of all kinds. He is our chief governor, C. 2072
The highest of the guardians of our coasts.
I raised him when he was a vagabond,
A minstrel and a braggart, giving him.
Though worthless, name and
wôrth, men, government.
Lands, elephants. Base though he be and vile
Still his advancement hath been at
my court.
Now I have heard an archmage quote this saw^ :
—
Of one whom thou hast wTongly harmed bewâre
'
:
Of one made rich by thee thy hopes are fair.'

I never injured him in
aught, and he
Will 'venge me on my foe."
But Farrukhzad
Smote his two hands together and exclaimed :
—
"
O Shah who fearest God put httle trust!
In those of evil bent. In this regard

There is a modern saw which runneth thus :
—
'
Howe'er on birth thou practise witchery,
And strivest such an one from rust to free,
Since the All-giver framed him thus to be
To loose God's bonds thou wilt not find a key.' "
"
O mighty, raging Lion " said the Shah, !
" will work me no hurt."

To make this trial
He stayed that night and, when the morning broke.
Those noble men set forth and left Baghdad
For Khurasan, and took their travail lightly.
The chieftains of Iran all sorrowful
Accompanied their Shah, that noble man,
"
And called down blessings on him, saying :
INIay
time,
And earth, ne'er lack thee."
From the host rose wails
For grief and at the going of the king.
—
And all the Iranian thanes the warriors' stay —
Drew near to him with outcries and in tears.
And said to him " O Shah we are thy slaves
: !
With souls and bodies filled with love for thcc.

We all will go with thee to learn how fortune
Will sport with our king's life, for if we lose
Our Shah how can our hearts find joy in home.
And country ? We will quit our settlements.
Our children, and our wealth to share thy toils.
We care not for our lives without thy throne :
May fortune ne'er abandon thee."^

2073 With eyes
All tears the king of kings said to those nobles :
—
"
Be ever more intent in praising God.
It may be I shall look on you again.
And that our sorrows and distress will cease.
»
Three couplets omitted.
YAZDAGinD 89
Ye all arc my true helpers and the heirlooms

Left by my sires. I would not have you harmed :
Share not mine ills then. AVe will mark the intent
Of circling heaven, its progress, and to whom
It showeth love. Resign yourself thereto :
None can evade its secret })urposes."

Then said he to the merchantmen of Chin :
—
"
Make no long tarrying here, else will the Arabs
Convert your quest of gain to loss."
They parted
AVith pain trouble, sorrow, care, and wâiling.
and
So Farrukhzad, son of ITurmuzd, led forth
The troops and called the veterans of Iran,
And then the Shah set out with wâil and woe.
The leader led the van. Stage after stage
He marched to Rai and tarried there for wine,
And minstrelsy, thence went he to Gurgan,
Like wind, and stayed one se'nnight sad or glad.
Departing thence toward Bust he set his face
With wrinkled cheeks and body in ill case.
§6
How Yazdagird ivrote to Mdliivi of Sur
The wôrld-lord, resolute to go to Marv,

Wrote to Mahwi of Siir, the governor,
In rage and pain, in tears and hope deferred,
And calling an experienced scribe poured forth
His heart, and it was full. He first praised God,
The all-wise Lord, the Fosterer, the Master
Of circling Mars and Sol, of cle]:)hant
And ant, at will creating out of naught,
And needing no instructor, then proceeded :
—
"
What hath befallen us And gone are all
!
This kingship's hue and jêrfume. Rustani's death

Upon the battlefield and by the hand
Of one whose name is Sa'ad, son of Wakkas,
A landless, low-born, witless, aimless man,
Hath straitened all the world to us through sorrow.
Now that Sa'ad's army is at Taisafun,
With woods and foot-hills fronting them, array
Thy host to fight with his and summon all

Thy troops to that same end.^ Lo I will follow
!
Behind letter swiftly as the wind.

my
And give thee what I purpose in mind."^
my
How Yazdagird wrote to the Marchlords of Tils
He wrote moreover to the folk of Tus,

With full heart and with face like sandarac.
First offering his praises to the Judge
"
From whom are fortune, strength, and excellence,
Grace, triumph, throne, and diadem of kingship.
From foot of ant to soaring eagle's plume.
From elephant on land to crocodile
In water, all arc faithful, do His will.
And draw no breath unless by His command.
This from the world's Shiih, mighty Yazdagird,
Son^ of a famous king and valorous.
Victorious leader of the Iranian host.
Who guardeth his domain, desireth more,
And Cometh of a great. God-fearing race
That thank their stars that they possess the crown,
'
Three couplets omitted. "
Two couplets omitted.
'
Reading with P.
YAZDAGTRD 91
Have peopled earth and made crown, throne, and

signet
Ues[)Iendent, to his niarehlords witli their thrones
And treasures, Graee, high-bearing, crowns and host
At Shamirtin, lluina,* and Mount llada,
Kahit and elsewhere. May the Fosterer
^Vateh over us and keep you from the scath
Of evil hap. In sooth the chiefs have heard.
For it hath been an ensign in the Avorld,
That in regard to warfare, valoiu', birth.
Our hearts are full of kindness, love, and justice.
High birth constraineth us —
The Shahs —especially
to our
let toils exceed our treasures _
On your behalf. What time Bahram Chubnia,
That malcontent, grew noted and rejected
Our rule and diadem ye all abandoned
Your marches, spacious cities, pleasances.
Your parks and palaces, and in that case.
In terror of disaster, made your homes
On dale and lofty height. If God almighty C 2075
Shall grant me strength and fortune favour us
I willrepay your good deeds lavishly.
And pray to Him who watcheth o'er the world.
In sooth ye must have heard of what the stars
Have brought upon our head by these vile Snakes
With looks like Aliriman, who lack all knowledge.
Shame, fame, and treasure, fortune and descent,
And fain would let the world go to the winds.
It is the compass of the lofty sky
That tribulation shall befall this realm
By these vile miscreants, these Raven -heads, ^
Devoid of sense and knowledge, fame and shame.
These greedy men, who covet diadems,
"
'
Rouindiz." Mohl.
" "
'The Persians translated "'Arab" by Zagh (raven) and
applied the expression to those hated enemies.
92 THE SHAh NAM A OF FIRDAUSi
Have fixed their eyes upon this royal state,
And Nushirwan once dreamed that this our throne
Would lose its brilliant lustre. He beheld
A hundred thousand Arabs raging camels —
—
With bits! snapped seeking how to cross the Arwand,
And bring destruction on our fields and fells,
Saw that both Fire and Fane of Fire would perish.
The light of New Year end and Sada feast.
That in Iran and Babylon dark smoke
Would rise from tilth and crop to Saturn's sj)here.
While on the world-king's hall the battlements
Would tumble to the ground.^ The dream is now
Fulfilled and heaven's favour fain to quit us.
Those that we value most will be misprized,
The base will be set up on high by fortune,
111 scattered through the world, mishap apert
And good concealed. In all the provinces
Some tyrant, some obscene calamity.
And signs of dark night's coming will appear.
Our glorious fortune be cut off from us.
Now —
as our counsellors and paladins
—
Men of pure rede advise we purpose going
To Khurasan and to its warlike marehlords.
Because now of the governor of Tus
Have I led here the elephants and drums,
And we shall see how fortune will make bonds
Of our frail knots. I am girt up for battle
That I may meet the Arabs face to face.
While Farrukhzad— my very veins and skin.
And my firm friend — is now at Altiiniya,
Intent on fight, and host eonfronteth host.
While Kashmigan, that warrior's son, hath reached
Our court and spoken well and loyally.
Properly the piece of wood passed through a perforation made

'
in the nostrils of a camel to guide it by.

"
See Vol. viii., p. 66.
YAZDAGIRD 93
I heard wliat he could tell about these marches, c. 2076
Their heights aud depths, their caves, retreats, the
hold
Upon Mount Gunibadan and Jarmana,
The Lazhawardi for our stores,
fort of
Spots such as Al, Makhziuu, and waste of Gil :
lie kindly oj)ened all his heart to me.

My host for battle is too numerous
To tarry long within these narrow holds.
We have held council all the paladins
;
Attended ;
we debated and resolved
To take with us crown, throne, and seal and
signet.
All garments of Kashmir and Rum and Chin,
Such goods as we can gather from Kibchak
And from Kirwan, all that Ave have in hand
Of clothes and carpets, articles of gold,
With gems uncut and all that most we prize.
And provand and equipment for the future.
Of oxen forty thousand will drag loads
Of unthrashed corn and after these will come
Twelve thousand asses drawing loads of dates
For us. A trusty archimage will bring
Pistachios, millet, and pomegranate- juice.
Attending on the outcome they will send
Thereafter many asses' loads of salt.
And add a thousand camels' loads of millet,
Fat from the tails of sheep and butter-skins.
A thousand Bactrian camels will bring dates,
Another thousand sugar, as their loads.
Twelve thousand also will bring drums of honey.
All these will come at one time to the holds.
13esides all these my servants will bring in
Some forty thousand salted carcases.
And of black naphtha in the next two months
Three hundred camel-loads. An archimage
With escort will arrive from^ Shamiraii,
And from Mount Rada while, in sight of all
The elders and the wise, the moiuitain-chiefs,
Sent by the marchlords, will convey whate'er
Is needed to the gates and give the list
To our own treasurer, and if the Great
Among the folk wall but restrain themselves
They will in sooth receive no injury
Among the valleys and the lofty hills
From Arab or from Turkman. Help from you
In these our strenuous times will aid us much.
Our minister, that wise and holy man.
Will now give orders to our treasurer
To send five robes of Persian make to all
)77 That toil for us and, when those toils are over,
A splendid turban of gold broidery.
In these our present troubles each shall have
Two score drachms from our treasures, afterwards,
For service rendered, for each drachm three-score.
Each worth more than ten dangs,^ and he will read
'
This legend :In the name of holy God,
The Object of our reverence, hopes, and fears,'
Upon one side. The other side will bear
'
Our face and crown, the legend Through our love
:
The earth becometh fruitful.' These have been

Prepared for New Year's Da}^ the nobles' eyes
•
Fulfilled w'ith wealth. God's blessiuQ- on the man
Whose faults are few and who forgetteth not
Our diadem."
The Shah when he had sealed
The letter sent it to the army-chiefs.
With this king's missive in his hand there came
A horseman of high fortune and high aim.
Reading with P.
'
'
The dang properly was a quarter of a drachm.
Y.lZn.lCIRD 95
§8
JIuiv Yazdayird went to T us and how Mdhwi of Stir

met him
Tliciicc they conveyed the driiins and came to Tus

From
"
Nishaj)ur. INIahwi of Suv had news :
—
The Shah on the road to Dahistan,"
is
And went to meet him with a mighty power,

All sj)earmen and in coats of mail, and when
The Glory of the royal state ajjpeared,
The flag- of majesty and such a host,
Alighted from his steed forthwith and paid
His dnty to the king of kings, walked softly
Upon the bnrning dust and from his eyes
Shed tears of reverence. He kissed the around.
Prolonging his obeisance, iill his troops
Acclaimed the Shah and touched earth with their
heads,
While Farrukhzad cnrankcd his })owers when he
Beheld the visage of Mahwi of Siir
By whom his heart was joyed and whom he coun-
selled
At large " This Shah of royal race do I
:
Commit to thee to serve him, suffering not

The blast to blow on him, and none save thee
To earn his thanks. I must depart to Rai,
Uncertain whether I shall see again
The royal crown for 'gainst these Arab sj)carmen
Full many such as I have died in battle.
There was not one within the world like Ilustam,
The horseman, never hath the ear of sage
Heard tell of such, yet by a Raven-head^ c. 2078
'
See p. 91. note.
Was he cutoff, so adverse was our day !
God grant to him a place among the Just,

And give the swarthy Ravens to our spears !
Mahwi rephed " O paladin the Shah

: !
Is eye and soul to me. I undertake

In thy place to defend thy king, thy Heaven."
So Farrukhzad, son ofHurmuzd, departed
To Rai as bidden by the Shah, The sky
Revolved awhile with matters in this stay,
And all love passed from that malignant's brain,
And none dared go to battle with the Arabs
Because the azure sky was helping them ;
The visage of the monarch of tran

Grew wrinkled the foe's deeds made strait his heart.
;
Mahwi saw that the Shah was at a stay.

And driven on by fortune helplessly,
Ambitioned speedily the throne and changed
In policy, in manners, and dispose.
Then for a season he began to affect
111 health and barely showed the Shah respect.
§9
How Mdhivi of Sur incited Bizhan to tvar with Yaz-

dagird and how Yazdagird fled and hid himself
in a Mill
There was a paladin, a Turk by race,

A man of influence and named Bizhan ;
He dwelt within the coasts of Samarkand

Where he had many kin. Ill-starred Mahwi,
Becoming self-assertive, wrote to him :
—
"
Thou prosperous scion of the paladins !
YAZDAGIRD 97
A strife hath risen that will bring thee profit :
The Shah is of all places here at Marv

And with no troops His head and crown and state,
!
Wealth, throne, and host, are thine if thou wilt come.

Recall the vengeance owing to thy sires,
And give this unjust race its just reward."
Bizhan, considering the letter, saw
That insolent IMahwi would win the world,
Then spake thus to his minister " Thou chief :
Of upright men what sayest thou to this ?

!
If I lead forth a host to aid Mahwi

'Twill be my ruin here."^
The minister
"
Replied O lion-hearted warrior
: !
'Twcre shame to hclj) IMahwi and then withdraw. C. 2079

Command Barsam to set forth with a host
To aid upon this scene of strife. The sage
Will term thee daft to go and fight in person
At the insistence of this man of Sur."
"
Bizhan replied 'Tis well, I will not go
:
Myself."
He therefore bade Barsam to lead
Ten thousand valiant cavaliers and swordsmen
To IMarv with all the implements of war
Ifhaply he might take the Shah. That host
Went like a flying pheasant from Bukhara
To Marv within one week. One night at cock-crow
The sound of tymbals went up from the plain.
How could the king of kings suspect Mahwi
Of Sur to be his enemy ? Shouts rose.
A cavalier reached Yazdagird at dawn
To say " Mahwi saith thus
: A host of Turks :
'
Hath come. What is the bidding of the Shah ?

The Khan and the Faghfur of Chin command :
"
Earth is not able to support their host !
'
'
Two couplets omitted.
VOL. IX G
The Shah wroth donned his mail. The armies
ranged.^
He his troops to right and left, and all
formed
Advanced to battle. Spear in hand he held
The centre, and the whole world was bedimmed
With flying dust. He saw how lustily
The Turks engaged, unsheathed his sword, and came.
As 'twere an elephant before his troops.
Earth Nile-wise flowed. Like thundering cloud he
charged.
But not a warrior supported him ;
All turned their backs upon that man of name,

And left him mid the horsemen of the foe.
The world's king, when IMahwi withdrew, perceived
—
The practice hid till then the intent and plan
—
To capture him yet played the man in light.
Displaying valour, strength, and warriorship.
Slew many at the centre, but at length
Fled in despair, with falchion of Kabul
In hand, pursued by many Turks. He sped
Like lightning mid night's gloom and spied a mill
On the canal of Zark^. Alighting there
The world's king lay in hiding from his foes
Within the mill. The horsemen searched for him ;
All Zark was hue and cry. The Shah abandoned

c. 2080 His gold-trapped steed, his mace, and scimitar
With golden sheath. The Turks with loud shouts
sought him,
Excited by that steed and equipage.
The Shah within the mill-house lurked in hay.
With this false Hostel thus it ever is :
The ascent is lofty and prolound the abyss.

With Yazdagird, while fortune slumbered not,
A throne enskied^ by heaven was his lot.
And now it was a mill Excess of sweet !
» •
See LEC, Reading with T.
>
Couplet omitted. p. 400.
YAZDAGTRD 99
IJrcd banc for him and,

thou art discreet. if
Affect not this world for end is ill. its
Whiles a tame serpent to the touch it still

At whiles will bite, and hot that bite will be.
Why then affect this cozening hostelry
While like a drum the sional to be gone
Thou hearest, bidding '' Bind the baggage on, :
"
And throne the grave's floor look upon ?
for sole
With mouth untasting and with tearful eyes
The Shah abode until the sun arose,
xVnd then the miller oped the mill-house door.
lie bore a truss of grass upon his back.
A low-born-man was he, by name Khusrau,
Poor, foolish, unrespected, i)urposeless.
He lived upon the profits of his mill.
Which gave him full employment. He beheld
A a lofty cypress, sitting
warrior, like
In dolour on the ground with kingly crown
Upon his head and with brocade of Rum
Bright on his breast his eyes a stag's, his chest
;
And neck a lion's of beholding him

;
The eye ne'er tired. He was unique in form ;
VVôre golden boots ;

his sleeves were fringed with
pearls
And gold. Khusrau looked, stood astound, and
called
"
On God, then said O man of sunlike mien
: !
Say in what sort thou camest to this mill ?

Why didst thou take it for thy resting-place
Full as it is of wheat and dust and hay ?
Who thou with such form, such Grace and looks

art ?
"
Sure, heaven never saw the like of thee !
"
The Shah replied : I am Iranian-born,
In flight before the armv of Tiiran."
The miller said, abashed : "I have no comrade
Save penury, but still, if barley -bread,
loo THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt
With some poor cresses from the river-bank,
Will serve thee I will bring them naught have I ;
Besides a man so straitened well may wail."

:
Throuoh stress of fiffht the Shah had rested not,

Or eaten, for three days and so replied :
—
"
Bring what thou hast, that and the sacred twigs
Will serve my turn."
c. 2081 The poor and lowly miller
Brought him the cresses and the barley-bread.
Made haste to fetch the sacred twigs and, reaching
The toll-house^ on the way, crossed to the chief
Of Zark to make request for them. Mahwi
Had sent men on all sides to find the Shah,
"
And so the chieftain asked the miller : Friend !
"
,
For whom need'st thou the sacred twigs ?
Khusrau
"
Replied There is a warrior at the mill,
:
And seated on the hay, a cypress slim

In height, a sun in looks, a man of Grace,
With eyebrows arched and melancholy eyes :
His mouth is full of sighs, his soul is sad.

I set stale fare before him — barley-bread.
Such as I eat —
myself but he fain is
To take the sacred twigs while nmttering grace.

-
Thou well mayst muse at him."

The chief rejoined :
—
"
Go and inform Mahwi of Sur hereof,
For that foul miscreant must not reveal
His proper bent when he shall hear of this."'
Forthwith he charged a trusty man to take
'
The tcll-house was at the ford or ferry. The same word
might also mean a place of worship and accordingly Mohl or rather
his successor (see p. 37 note) translates
" —
II se rcndit au lieu 011
:
etait I'oratoire ct fit prevenir aussitot le chef de Zark qu'on liii

dcmandait le Barsom."
^
See Vol. i., p. 80 s.v. Bdj.
'
I.e.
if
subsequently he should learn that we knew and did
not tell him.
YAZDAGIRD loi
The miller to Malnvi who asked ol' liini,

Then anxious for himself " For whom ;
didst thou
Require the saered twigs ? Tell me the truth."
The miller all a-tremble made rei)ly :
—
"
I had been out to fetch a load and flung
The mill-door open roughly, when knoAv this :
The sun was in mine eyes, but his are like

Those of a startled fawn his locks are dark
;
As the third watch of night his breath suggesteth

;
Musk, and his face embellisheth his crown.

One that hath never seen the Grace of God
Should take the mill-house key. His diadem
Is full of uncut jewels, and his breast
Bright with brocade of Rum. The mill hath grown

As 'twere a sun through him, and yet his food
Is barley-bread, his seat upon the hay !
' '
Spring,' thou wouldst say, in Paradise is he :
"
No thane e'er set so tall a cypress-treej.'
§10
How Mdliivi of Stir sent the Miller to kill Yazdagird, and

Jioivthe Architnages counselled Mdhivi to forbear
Now when Mahw'i had taken thought he knew :

—
"
'Tis none but Yazdagird
"
and bade the miller
! :
—
"
Haste and cut off his head forthwith or I
Will cut thine own off presently and leave c. 2082
None of thy stock alive."
The chiefs, the nobles,
And mighty men heard this and all the assembly
Were filled with wrath at him ; their tongues were
charged
I02 THE SHAHNAMA of FIRDAUSI
With words, their eyes with tears. An archimagc,
By name Radwi, "whose mind wore wisdom's bridle,
Said to Mahwi O thou mahgnant one
: !
Why hath the Div confused thine eyes ? This know :
The royal and prophetic offices

Are two gems set within one finger-ring.
To break one is to trample life and wisdom
Beneath thy feet. Reflect upon thy words,
And then forbear. Be not the Maker's foe.
First will disaster come on thee herefrom.
Then thou wilt leave a seed-plot for thy child,
With fruit of colocynth and leafage blood.
Ere long thou wilt behold thy head abased ;
Thy villainy will be exposedthy sons

;
Will reap what thou hast sown. This deed of thine

Will wreck the Faith of God, and crown and throne
Will curse thee."
Then a devotee devout.
Who never put his hand forth to injustice,
By name Hurmuzd, son of Kharrad, a man
Who rested in the Faith, said to Mahwi :
—
"
O thou oppressor quit not thus the way
!
Of holy God. I see thy heart and sense

Bedimmed. We see thy breast a tomb. Though
strong
Thou hast no brain thy mind is weak thou seekest
; ;
The smoke and not the fire. I see that thou

Wouldst have the malediction of the world.
And, when thou quit'st it, travail, smart, and anguish.
Now will thy lifetime prove a wretched one.
And fire thy dwelling-place when thou de})artest."
He sat. Shahran rose and addressed Mahwi — :
"
Why this audacity ? Thou hast opposed
The king of kings and cottoned with the Khan
And the Faghfur. Full many of this race
Have proved of no account yet men ne'er hasted
YAZDAGIRD 103
To slay them. Shed not, as tlioii art a slave,

The blood of Shahs because thou wilt be cursed
Till Dooiusday/'
This he said, and sat down weeping
In anguish with heart full and eyes all gall.
Then Mihr-i-Niish stood forth in deep distress,
With lamentation, and addressed ]Mahwi :
—
"
O evil man of evil race, who art
Not well advised or just a crocodile!
llespecteth royal blood, a leopard finding

A slain king doth not rend him. O thou worse
In love and instinct than the beasts of prey !
Thou covetcst the Shah's crown When Jamshid !
Was slaughtered by Zahhak did that affect C. 20S3

Heaven's will ? Nay, when Zahhak had won the earth
Abtin appeared, the glorious Faridun
Was born, the fashion of the world was changed.
And thou hast heard what tyrannous Zahhak
Brought on himself as sequel of his crimes,
For though he lived above a thousand years
Still in the end the avenger came to him.
Then, secondly, W'hen Tur, the exalted one,

Afflicted by his longing for Iran,
Slew in his folly virtuous fraj,
On whom the very dust looked pitjingly.
Dispatched him^ to the hero Faridun,
And gave the world to sorrow, Minuchihr,
One of the race, appeared and undid all
Those bonds. When, thirdly, princely Siyawush
Went forth to war, albeit reluctantly,
by Garsiwaz,
Afriisiyab, inspired
Washed sliame and honour from his mind and wits.
And slew the youthful and right royal prince,
So that the world became his enemy.
Sprung from that i)rince the world-lord Kai Khusrau
'
His head, according to the story. See Vol. i., p. 202.
I04 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt
Canic and filled all the world with hubbub, clave
Asunder with his scimitar his grandsirc,i
And frayed all those that else had sought revenge.
The fourth count is the feud against Arjasp,
The slayer of Luhrasp. Asfandiyar
Went forth to fight with him and took swift wreak.
Fifth, is the vengeance ta'en for Shah Hurmuzd.
Khusrau Parwiz, whenas he felt confirmed
In heart and power, dealt in the way we know
Both with Bandwi and Gustaham. The sky,
Which then revolved, revolveth still. ^ Forgetting
What they had done for him, when his sire's blood
And love and family appealed to him,
He in his day of strength abated theirs.^
One may not scorn the occasion of revenge,
For such a time will quickly come to thee.
And thou wilt suffer for thine evil thoughts.
Thy son will reap what thou hast sown, and fate
Will not rest long from vengeance so refrain
;
From all this treasure-hoard, this heritage

Of crown and precious things. Thou art revolting
Because the Div enjoineth, and abjuring
The way of God. The Div, as thou wilt learn,
Is tempting thee with things not for thine honour.
Burn not thy soul and body in Hell-fire :
Dim not this world-illuming crown but gather

Thy scattered troops recant what thou hast said
; ;
Go ask the Shah to pardon thee and when

Thou seest him renew thy fealty.
From there prepare to battle with the foe ;
Be and excuse.
instant both in counsel
For not to hearken to the words of sages
Will mark thee out as evil in both worlds.
Men bring to naught things done a da}^ too late.
Afrdsiyab, whose daughter Farangfs married Siyavviish.
'
* '
I.e. history repeats itself. Vol. viii., pp. 354, 358.
YAZDAGIRD 105
Wilt thou treat Yazdagird, the king of kings,

\Vorse than niahgnant Turks, for in the fray
He is a Uon, on the throne a Shah
As bright as sun and moon, a memory
Of the Sasanians ? None is oirdle-oirt
Like him. From sire to sire his ancestors
Were mighty men and compassers of wisdom
From Niishh-wan, the Shah, back to Ardshir,
AVhilc, seventh backward from Ardshir, Sasan,
The world-lord, had the crown, ^ for God entrusted
To him the Kaian crown, and all the kings
Wêre of that glorious race. Now many a man
Hath been thy but they ne'er conceived
better,
Designs like these. for Bahram Chubhia,
As
Three hundred thousand skilful cavaliers
On barded steeds fled at one shaft of his,'^
And left the field of fight to him but when ;
His heart grew weary of the race of Shahs

The head of his resplendent fortune fell.
So Fara} in, who sought the throne of kings

Unworthily and bathed his hands in blood.
Was in like manner miserably slain :
This age endureth not such mockeries.

Fear Him, the Lord, the Maker of the world.
For He created throne and crown and signet.
Defame not thine own person w'antonly
Because ere long such things will rise against thee.
Know that whoever speaketh not the truth
To thee is thy soul's foe. Now thou art sick
Wîile I am as the leech, a leech that waileth,
»
De jure not de facto. The first Sdsan, here referred to, was
the son of Dara and after his father's overthrow by Sikandar took
refuge in obscurity. Several generations later a descendant of
his of the same name became the fathei of Ardshir Piipakan the —
founder of the Sdsdnian Dynasty. The Sasanians, naturally sought
to connect themselves with the old line of the I'crsian monarchy, with
the Achaemenids in history and with the Kaidnians in legend. CJ.
Vol. vi., Y>. 199.
•See Vol. viii., p. 126.
io6 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSf
And shcddeth drops of blood. Thou art thyself
Less than the slave of slaves. Be not ambitious
In thy heart's thoughts. Leave strife to holy God,
And seek in honour's way the throne of greatness."
The sh(^j)licrd-borni had set his heart uj)on
The throne the arehimages' rede was hard.
:
So hath ever been

it 'tis no new thing
;
:
The flouts of fortune are past reckoning,

Exalting to the sky above this one.
And making wretehed, and undone,
that vile,
Not leagued with that, on war with this not bent.
But void of wit, shame. Faith, and precedent.
The archmages all, till the world gloomed and moon
Succeeded sun, warned that vindictive man,
Who was not one hair better for their talk.
And said when night came "Ye must leave me now
:
::. 2085 O sages I will ponder this to-night,

!
And take all kinds of wisdom to breast. my

We twenty wise men from the host
will call
That we may need not to deplore this ill."
The prudent arehimages went their ways,
The men of war arrived. Mahwi held session
"
With his confederates 2 and said What think ye
:
Herein ? If Yazdagird remain alive
Troops will collect to him from every side ;
My secret purposes have been exposed.

And all, both great and small, have heard thereof !
My life will end through his hostility.

And neither folk nor field and fell be left."
A wise man said " Thou shouldest not have acted
:
At first so. the monarch of Iran

If
Be ill-disposed toward thee then past doubt
111 will befall thee from him, yet 'tis ill
To shed his blood for then God will avenge him.
To left and right are cares and pains of all kinds :
Mahwi. Reading with

»
'I.e. Cf. p. 87. P.
YAZDAGIRD 107
Consider how thou nccd'st niiist. act herein.""

""
Maliwi's son said to him Well counselled
: sire !
Since thou hast made the Sliah thine enemy

Be rid of him troo})s from Maehin and Chin
;
Will come to him and earth grow strait for us.

Hold this no trifle. Since thou hast })revailed
Tempt not the maws of lions. Thou and all
Thy host will be iii)rooted from the world
If standard-wise the Shah's skirt be unfurrd."
§11
Hoiv Yazdagird teas slain hij Khusrau, the Miller
Thereat the shameless, infamous Mahwi

"
Turned fiercely to the miller, saying Up : !
Take cavaliers and shed my foeman's blood."

The miller, hearing, knew not what to do.
But when at night the moon assumed her throne
Departed mill-ward to the Shah and when
He left the court-gate of Mahwi his eyes
Were charged with tear-drops and his heart was full.
Forthwith Mahwi dispatched some cavaliers

To follow swift as smoke, instructing them :
—
"
See that ye sully not the crown and earrings.
The signet and the royal robes with blood.
And strip the Shah when lifeless."
With his eyes
All tearful and cheeks yellow as the sun
"
The miller went, exclaiming Judge almighty.
:
Who art above the processes of time !
Wring presently his heart and soul for this C. 2086

"
Abhorred behest !
W'ith heart all shame and qualm,

io8 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt
With wetted cheeks and tongue all charged with dust,
He reached the Shah and drawing nigh with caution.
As one would speak a secret in the ear.
Stabbed with a dirk his middle. At the blow
"
The Shah cried Ah " Then tumbled head and
: !
crown.
And barley-bread before him, to the dust !
He that abideth when he might depart

From this world hath no wisdom in his heart,
And wisdom is not in the turning sky.
Whose love is as its stress and enmity.
'Tis well to look not on the world and so

From these its doings love and wrath not know.
The planets weary of their fosterlings,
And guiltless folk like Yazdagird are slain ;
None else hath perished thus of all the kings,

Nor of his host a plier of the rein.
The horsemen of accursed Mahwi, on seeing
That royal Tree thus laid to rest afar
From palace and his scenes of ease, drew near,
Gazed, one and all, upon his face, removed
His cincture, violet robe, and coronet.
His torque and golden boots, and left him there
In miserable case upon the ground —
The monarch of Iran flung on the dust,
Blood-boltered, with gashed side !^ Those emissaries.
When they arose, all framed their tongues to curse :
—
"
Oh may Mahwi himself fare, prostrate thus.
!
All gory on earth's face."
"
They told Mahwi :—
The exalted Shah hath passed away from throne.
From battle and delights," and he commanded
To take, when it was night, the monarch's corpse.
And fling it in the stream. The miller took
The body of the Shah forth from the mill,
Reading the couplet that follows here two couplets lower.
'
YAZDAGIRD 109
And flung it (mark the horror !) in the water, 1

And there it floated with a bobbing head l^
AVheu it was day and people went abroad
Two men of worship visited the spot.
One of these men austere and sober reached
The river-bank and, when he saw the eorpse
All naked in the water, hurried back
In consternation to the monastery.
And told the other monks what he had seen :
—
"
The Shah, the master of the world, is drowned,
And naked in the water-way of Zark " !
Then many of those holy men the chief —

—
And others of all ranks set forth. A cry
"
Of anguish rose from them : O noble man, c. 2087
And royal crown-possessor ! none e'er saw
The wearer of it in such plight as this,
Or ever heard before the time of Christ
A case like this king's through his wicked slave,
This misbegotten dog, this reprobate,
AVho fawned upon his master till ill came ;
Mahwi's just portion is to be accursed.

Woe for the head and crown, the height and mien !
Woe for the breast and arms, the hands and mace !
Woe for the last descendant of Ardshir !
Woe for that cavalier so young and goodly !
Strong wast thou thou hadst wisdom in thy soul.

;
And thou hast gone to bear the news hereof

To Niishirwan that, though thy face was moonlike.
And though thou wast a king and soughtest crowns,
Yet in the mill they pierced thy liverstead,
And flung thy naked body in the stream "^ !
Four of the monks went stri[)ped into the water.

Seized the bare body of the youthful king,
Thus, if we interpret the passage by strict Zoroastrian
•
princi-
ples, polluting one of the elements and adding sacrilege to regicide,
bate/. Vol. iv., p. 129.
' '
Couplet omitted. Three couplets omitted.
no THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSi
That grandson of the world-lord Nushirwan,
And drew it bank while young and old
to the
Lamented greatly. They prepared for him
Within the garth a charnel-house and raised
Its summit to the clouds. They sealed his wound
With gum, with pitch, with camphor, and with musk,
And then arrayed him in brocade of gold.
With fine Egyptian linen underneath.
And dark-blue Russian cloth o'er all. They decked
His place of rest with wine and gum and camphor.
With musk and with rose-water.
When the form
Was hidden of that noble Cypress-tree
What said that honoured thane of Marv ? "In secret
A guerdon waiteth him that after travail
Departeth with good conscience from the world."
"
Another said :
Though man may laugh, yet know
That he is of the sufferers, for he
Will find the falseness of the turning sky,
Which will reveal to him both rise and fall."
"
Another said Call not him one of wit
:
That serveth his own form with princes' blood.

And seeketh wealth, despite of infamy.
With soul unf earful of an evil end."
"
Another said Since the Shah's lips are closed
:
I see not crown or royal seat or signet.

Or courtiers or a realm or diadem.
Or throne or helmet, and if these possess
No moment in themselves why this expense
Of toil and time ? "
2088
"
"
Thy good report, I sec,"
Another said, will win thee worthy praise.
Thou in the garth of Paradise didst set
A cypress : now thy soul beholdcth it."
Another said : "God took thy soul and gave
Thy body to the care of the devout.
YAZDAGIRD iii
Hereby thy soul is

lirofited, hereby
\\\\\ harm betide the foe. The Shah hath now
His work in Paradise his foenian's soul;
Is on the road to Hell."
"
Another said :
—
Wise, knowledge-loving Shah sprung from Ardshir !
Thou reapest now the erop that thou didst sow :
The lamp of sovereignty is still

alight."
Another said " Though thou'rt asleep, young king!
:
Thy spirit is awake. Thy lips are mute.

And with full many a groan thy spirit passed
And left thy body free. Thy work is done :
Thy soul is busy now. Thy foenian's head

Is on the stake. Although thy tongue is tied
Thy spirit speaketh, and thy soul is purged
Although thy form is pierced, while if thy hand
Have dropped the reins thy spirit still will wield
The spear in battle."
"
Said another one :
—
O famous thou hast departed
warrior !
With thine own works as guide. Th}^ royal seat

Is now in Paradise ;
this earth of bale
Is now another's share."
"
The man that slew
One such as thee," another said, " will look
Upon harsh days anon."
"
The prelate said :
—
Thy slaves are we and laud thy holy soul.
lie this,thy charnel, as a garth all tulips.
This bier thine upland and thy plain of joy."
They spake, took up the bier and carried it
From waste to mausoleum. Thither came
The hapless Shah, crown, throne, and casque at end.
O man of many years, whose words still run !
Turn from the path of greed, break off thy strain.

What shall we say hereof ? Was justice done.
112 THE SHAHNAMA of FIRDAUSt
Or vengeance by the seven planets ta'en,
On Yazdagird ? The sage, if unresolved
Upon the point, could make me no reply,
Or if he spake 'twould be in words involved
That keep the answer still a mystery.
If thou hast means, good man indulge thy heart
!
;
Trust not to what the morrow promiseth,

Because the world and thou perforce must part.
And time accounteth for thine every breath;
Thou shouldest sow not any save good seed
In what remaineth of thy mortal strife ;
Control the door of appetite and greed ;
He that provided will provide through life.

And life itself will but produce for thee
Fair fame and happiness, good friend Then still !
2089 With all thy might eschew iniquity.

For from a wise man should proceed no ill.
Bring wine our day is nearly o'er and hence
;
We must away, for what hath been will be.

Had I incomings balancing expense
Then time would be a brother unto me.
The hail this year like death on me hath come.
Though death itself were better than the hail,
And heaven's lofty, far-extending dome
Hath caused my fuel, wheat, and sheep to fail.
§12
IIow Mdhioi of Sur was informed of the Obsequies'^ of

Yazdagird and ascended the Throne
One came and told Mahwi of Sur " The world-lord

:
Is hidden in the dust. The prelates, priests,

" "
'
Slaying in the text.
YAZDAGIRD 113
And monks ol" Rum- all those of life austere,

Both young and old, throughout that mareh and
land —
Went wailing, took his body from the stream,
And made for him within the garth a charnel —
A great one, higher than the mountain-slopes."^
"
IMahwi, that hiekless wretch, exclaimed Iran :
Had ne'er before affinity with Rum."

He sent and slew the builders of that charnel,
With those that mourned, and gave that march to
spoil.
Such was his will and worth Thereafter he !
Made search throughout the world and found not one

Of that great stock. He had a croAvn and signet,
The Shah's erewhile, and to that shepherd-born
The throne appealed. He called his intimates.
Announced the piu-pose that he had at heart.
"
And told his minister :
Experienced man !
The day of strife and battle is upon us.

Ihave no treasure, fame or lineage.
And may but give my head up to the winds.
The name that is upon my signet-ring
Is Yazdagird :
my scimitar hath failed
To make men yield to me. Throughout Iran
Men are his slaves although his kin is scattered.
The sages do not hail me as the Shah,
The soldiersdo not recognise my seal.
My machinations tended otherwise.
Oh ! shed the world-king's blood
wherefore did I ?
All nitiht am I sore-troubled in mv thoughts :
The World-lord knoweth how it is with me."

"
The counsellor replied : The thing is done.
And connnon talk. Act for thine own behoof.
C. 2090
For thou hast burst thy belt. The Shah is dust
Within the charnel dust hath healed
;
his soul.
Reading with P.
»
VOL. IX H
Call round thee
all the world-experienced men,
And thy tongue to words of pleasantness.

set
Say thus The Shah gave me the crown and signet

:
'
As emblems of authority, perceiving

The coming an army from the Turks,
of
"
Called me dead of night, and said
at When bruit :
Of war ariseth who can say which side

The dust will be, so take this crown and ring.
For they may help thee on the day of battle.
I have one daughter only left to me :
In truth she is in hiding from the Arabs.

Hereafter yield not to the foe my throne,
And by these tokens walk thou in my steps."
I have then from the Shah as legacy
This crown and in accord to his behest
Am sitting on the throne.' By this device
Give thou thine acts a gloss for who will know
The truth from falsehood ? "
"
Good " exclaimed Mahwi,
!
" —
Thou art a minister a peerless one " !
He summoned all the captains of the host,

And spake at large to them to that efTect.
"
They knew It is not true, and well it were
:
To cut his head off for his shamelessness."

A paladin observed " 'Tis thy concern
:
If what thou say est be the truth or not."

He heard and sat him down upon the throne.
By his deceit gat hold of Khurasan,
Distributed the earth among his chiefs,
And said " I am the world's king with the signet.'
:
lie called his kin and said the same at large ;
He took the whole earth as it were a gift ;
The stars were in amaze at him. He chose

The vicious as accorded to his nature,
Debased the sages and made everywhere
Chiefs of the bad. The head of right was humbled.
YAZDAGIRD 115
And knavery on all sides manifest.

lie gave his cider son Balkli and Ilarat,
And sent troops to each quarter. As his host
And treasures grew the heart of that ingrate
Was gratified. He gave his troops rewards
And put them in good case he filled the heads
;
Of his own kith and kin with vapourings.

Then with his troops and valiant warriors,
Preceded by the scouts and Garsiyim —
—
A veteran chief they marched upon Bukhara,
Intent on war, for
" Chach and Samarkand
"
Are ours," Mahwi said, and they must be made
The captives of this crown and seal, for so
Did Yazdagird, king of the world, command — C. 2091
Chief of the planets seven. With the sword

Will I take vengeance on Bizhan by whom
The fortune of earth's king wâs turned to gloom."
§13
How Bizhan, hearinq of the Slaying of Yazdagird and

of Mdhwi of Siir^s Accession to the Throne, led
forth the Host to fight with him
"
In time news reached Bizhan Mahwi hath seized
:
The throne of might and everywhere imposeth

His seal and signet earth accei)tcth him,
;
And now with warlike troops his face is turned

Toward the .lihun for battle."
"
Who bestowed
The him ? " asked Bizhan, and one
sianct on
"
Acquainted him with all When thou didst reach
:
The desert of Farab, and fortune's lips

Were closed to good and ill, there parted hence
ii6 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt
To him a force of haughty cavaUers
'
In quest of fame, for he had said If thou :
Wilt send me troops I will dispatch to thee

By privy pact the crown of king of kings
With golden throne and signet. In the world
The sovereignty is fitly thine.' Thy troops
Went hence and found the Shah at Marv.
in haste
They compassed him about. The Iranians fled.

When that wise king was left alone he feared
That ill might come upon him from the host.
There was a certain mill upon the ford.
And thither went the Shah, a sun in Grace.
Mahwi of Sur heard of him, sent and slew him.
And through the royal signet gained the world
When he had slain his master. Now the more })art
Of praise and blame in this affair is thine,
Thine were the valiant horsemen and the strife."
Barsam said thus " O king what time^ I took
: !
A mounted force from Chach- Mahwi had said

To thee :
'
The golden throne of Yazdagird,
His armlets set with gems, his crown withal
And treasure, will I send to Balkh. The throne
And crown within the world must needs be thine.'
I fought three days at Marv^ When on the fourth
The world's light shone I battled furiously,
For I was pressed. Tyrannical Mahwi
Displayed his back. The Iranian king of kings,
Abandoned, like a furious lion charged
c. 2092
My troops and slaughtered many of my chiefs.
But, when he had no comrades left, he too
Displayed his back but how that master -slayer.
;
That faithless slave, ])ut him to death I know not.

Thus with no toil Mahwi obtained and used
His master's treasures. Then the miscreant,
Becoming dazed by so much wealth, appeared,
Reading with P. »
»
Couplet omitted.
YAZDAGIRD 117
Thou mightcst if he ne'er had seen me

say, as !
Although my troops remained two months at ]\Iarv

lie gave us no kind look but put to death.
And privily, his lord, so great a king.
The lustre ol' the world, a cavalier
That 'raiseth o'er the orbit of the moon
His head amidst the host thou wouldst have said.
'
No Turk encountered and escaped his mace :
He broke oin- nobles' hearts. I have not seen

Such breastplate, hand, and mace. ISIahwi thus
furnished
Seized on the realm in this unholy wise.
Now that the foe in arms invadeth thee
Thou and thine army must be up and doing.
Let not weeds blossom in the royal garden
Or it will be forgotten."
Hearing this,
Bi/han raged much at having helped to dim
The fortune of the Shah, then bade assemble
Ilis host of Turks, his horsemen of the day
Of battle, sped forth from Kachar Bashi,
And lost no time upon the road. Wheiuis
He drew anear Bukhara all the waste
Was covered with his troops to whom he said :
—
"
Haste not and let Mahwi be first to lead
His host across the water^ to contend
^Vilh me. Perchance on him I may avenge
The Shah."
He asked thereafter " Did the king :
liCave no availful child ? Had he no brother ?

Tn the default of sons had he no daughter,
Whom we might carry with us and assist,
"
And take full satisfaction of Mahwi ?
"
Barsam replied :
My lord ! this race's day
Is passed ; the Arabs hold those provinces ;
The Oxus.
•
ii8 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUS!
No Shah is left or worshipper of Fire."
Bizhan, on hearing this, resumed his march,

Astound at this world's doings. Scouts announced :
—
"
A host hath come and campeth at Baigand.
They crossed in boats, their dust obscured the sun."
Bizhan, the chief, led on his troops to war,
And when Mahwi of Sur beheld them thou
"
c. 2093 Hadst said : His soul took flight." He was in
dudgeon
At those breastplates, helmets, shields of Chin,
all
At those maces, spears, and battle-axes
all
Of Chach. The air grew dark and earth was lost
To sight therein as he arrayed his host.
§14
How Mdhivi of Silr was taken and slain by Order of

Bizhan
Bizhan, when he had drawn up his array,

Prepared an ambush for the Iranians ;
Mahwi knew of it and with loud exclaims

Departed from among his troops. Bizhan
"
Looked forth, beheld the flag, and knew Mahwi :
Is minded to take flight," and bade Barsam :

—
"
Lead from the central host what troops thou hast,
And draw toward one side we must not let ;
Mahwi decline the battle and haste thus

Jihun-wards. Speed and keep him well in sight.
For we nmst deal with him in other wise."
Barsam of Chin observed the flag and drew
His troops apart until with frowning face.
And malisons upon his lips, he reached
The desert of Farab, there found Mahwi,
YAZDAGIRD 119
And, with his weight upon the stirrups, charged ;
Then, closing face to face, he j)Hcd his sword,

Disphiying valour, seized his I'oenian's belt,
Unseated him and dashed him to the ground.
Alighted, bound his hands, and then remounting
Drove him along in front. With that came up
Barsam's own comrades, and the bruit of him
"
Filled all the plain. They said O chief iNIahwi
: !
Should be beheaded on the w-ay."

He answered :
—
"
Not so Bizhan as yet
;
is not informed
About the capture."
Presently Bizhan
"
Gat new^s That ill-conditioned slave is taken,"
:
Heard and grew glad of heart. He hugged himself.

And thus released from care roared lion-like.
Then many valiant Turks came and discussed
The fashion of the slaying of Mahwi.
All that they recognised as of his court
—
They put to death a countless multitude.
Thev looted all the baggage and dragged off
Mahwi stripped bare of all. The guilty wretch
Lost all his wdts when he beheld Bizhan,
Was as a soulless body w'ith affright, c. 2094
And strewed upon his head the unstable sand.
"
Bizhan said : O thou miscreant may none have
!
A slave like thee !

Why didst thou put to death
That righteous Shah, the lord of victory
And throne, and by ancestral right both Shah
"
And king, the memory of Niishirwan ?
"
Mahwi made answer thus : The evil-doer
Can look naught but slaying and reproach.
for
Now smite my neck for wrong done and fling dow^n
My head in presence of this com})any."
The other gave reply "I will : so act
That I shall banish vengeance from my heart,"
I20 THE SHAHNAMA of FIRDAUSl
Struck off hand with the scimitar,
Miihwi's
" 55
And said This hand hath not a peer in crime.
:
"
The hand thus lopped, he said Cut oIT his feet
:
That he may not escape," and further bade :

—
Cut off his nose and ears, let him be placed
Upon a horse out on the burning sand
Until he sleepeth in his shame."
The}' bound him
From head to foot with cords, the clarions sounded,
A herald went the circuit of the host,
And, as he passed the entry of the tents.
Made proclamation " Slaves that slay your masters
: !
Indulge no foolish thoughts, and may all those

Without compmiction for a monarch's life
Be as Mahwi and never see the throne."
There was a prince, by name Guraz, at once
The glory and the pleasure of Mahwi.
He was the governor of Marv what time
Mahwi died wretchedly. As eldest son
He was his father's lustre, who had made
A crown of gold for him. When fortune loured
Upon Mahwi the horsemen rode to Marv
From all sides. Tumult spread. The war-cry rose.
And strife and turmoil filled the land. Guraz
Was slain mid those dark doings, and the day
Of all his race was done. He had three sons
Among his troops, three favourite sons possessed
Of crown and throne. A lofty pyre was kindled.
And he and his three sons were burned thereon.
None of the seed remained or if some did
Men harried them. The chieftains cursed that race.
All vengeful for the slaughter of the Shah :
—
"
May it be cursed and may there never fail
A man to curse it as it hath deserved."
Bizhan, the Turk, too was an evil-doer.
Ilis own time came, his wisdom was estranged.
YAZDAGIRD 121
And I have heard that he grew mad at last,

And was so till he slew himself. Well done, c. 2o<ji
Thou still revolving, erook-baeked sky Since tlien !
Hath been the e})oeh of 'Umar, made known

The Faith, and to a pulpit changed the throne.
§15
Account of the Completion of the Shdhndma
When five and sixty years had passed me by

I my task with more anxiety,
viewed
And as my yearning to achieve it grew
My fortune's star receded from my view.
Persians well read and men of high degree
Wrote all my work out and would take no fee.
I over-looked from far, and thou hadst said
That they had rather handselled me instead !
Naught but had I for my part.

their praises
And while they praised I had a broken heart.
The mouths of their old money-bags were tied.
Whereat mine ardent heart was mortified.
Of famous nobles of this town 'Ali,
The Dilamite,! most shared the work with me.
For he, a man of ardent temper made.
Through kindliness of soul forwent no aid.
Husain, son of Kutib, a Persian lord.
Asked me for naught without its due reward,
But furnished gold and silver, clothes and meat,
And found me ways and means, and wings and feet.
As for taxation, naught thereof know I ;
All at mine ease in mine own quilt I lie.
'
In Vol. i., p. 35, the names arc given according to the reading
of BCM.
What time my years attained to ten times seven
And one my poetry surmounted heaven.
For five and thirty years I bore much pain
Here in this Wayside Inn in quest of gain,
But all the five and thirty years thus past
Naught helped they gave my travail to the blast,
;
And my hopes too have gone for evermore

Now that mine age all but hath reached fourscore.
I end the story of Shah Yazdagird,
And Sapandarmad, the day of Ard,
in
And year four hundred of Muhammad's Flight,
The last words of this royal book I write.
For ever flourishing be Shah Mahmud,
His head still green, his heart with joy imbued.
I have so lauded him that publicly
And privily my words will never die.
Of praises from the Great I had much store ;
The praises that I give to him are more.

May he, the man of wisdom, live for aye.
His doings turn to his content alway.
This tale of sixty thousand couplets I
Have left to him by way of memory.
2096 My life from days of youth to eld hath sped
In talk and hearkening what others said.
When this, my famous tale, was done at last
O'er all the realm my
reputation past.
All men
of prudence, rede, and Faith will give
Applause to me when I have ceased to live.

Yet the seed of words have I
live I shall ;
Flung broad-cast and henceforth I shall not die.
The Shahnama of Firdausi is ended.

INDEX
This Index and the Table of Contents at the beginning of the
volume are complementary. References to the latter are in
Roman numerals.
Arab, Arabs, booty found by, at

Ctcsiphon (?), 68
annex Mesopotamia, 68
Abbreviations, list of. xi Khuzistan, 68
Abtin, father of Faridiin, 53, 103 = 'Umar, 72
Abii Bakr, Khalifa, 76 seal, 82
begins war with Persian =Sa'ad, 84
Empire, 66 defeated, 85
Abu 'Ubaida, Arab general, 66 Niishfrwan's dream of, 92
supersedes Khdlid in Syria, Arabian, Arabians, 74, 85
66 Arabic, 81
Abu 'Ubaida, Arab general, 67 Archmages, viii
made commander in Persian Ard, day, 70, 122
campaign, 67 Ardshir Papakan, first Sasanian
67
slain, SMh, 105, 109, III
Afrdsiyab, ruler of Turan, 25, Ardshfr, son of Shirwi, Sh4h,
103 vii, 43 seq.
Ahriman, the Evil Principle, 8, makes Piriiz general, 44
18, 73. 74. 79, 91 entertains Piriiz at feast,
Al, place, 93 48
Alburz, Mount, 25 death of, 49
'All, the Dilamite, friend of Fir- treasury of, squandered by
dausi, 121 Guraz, 53
Altuniya, place, 92 Arish, famous franian archer, 25
Amul, city in Mazandardn, 86 Arjasp, king of Turan, 104
Apologue, 86 Armani, Iranian chief, 74
Apothegms, 87, 88, no 'Arus, treasure, 20
Arab, Arabs, 3, 5, 25, 60, 69, 70, Arwand (Tigris), river, 85, 92
72, 75 seq., 79, 89, 92, Asfandiyir, son of Shdh Gush-
94, seq., 114, 117 t^p, 25, 26 note, 104
invasion of fran by, 3, 65 Ashtad, franian chief, 1 1 seq.
seq. chosen to visit Khusrau
steeds, 1 1 Parwiz at Taisafiin, 9
tribes, 65 and Kharrdd parley with
triumph of, over Dhu Kar, Galinush, 11
66 visit Khusrau Parwiz,
chieftain, incites Abu Bakr 12
to invade Persia, 66 report to Shirwf, 27
concentrate at Kddisfya, 67 Astrolabe, 73
123
124 INDEX
Astrologer, 73 Barda', city on the borders of
Azar, month and day. 17 Azarbaijan and Armenia,
Azar, AbMagan (Azargashasp 15
74
q.v.), Barsam, general of Bizlian 97.
Azargashasp, spirit of tlic light- 117
ning. 55 marches on Marv, 97, liG
temple of (Azar Abadagan) M^hwi's conduct to, 117
at Shiz (Takht-i-Salai- pursues and overtakes
m^n) in Azarbaijan, 75 Mahwi, 118
Azarmdukht, Shah, viii, 56, 50, captures Mahwi, 119
69 Bartas, region in Turkistan, 19
reproaches Kubad, 7 Barzfn, father of Kharrid, 4, 9,
end of, 59, 60 12, 27
Basra (Bassora), city on the
Shatt-el-Arab, 68, 69
B founded by 'Umar, 67
Battle of the Bridge, 5, 67
Babylon, 65, 92 Bizhan, Kh4n of Turks, viii, 70,
Zahh4k, king of, 65 96
Bactrian, camels, 93 M4hwf writes to, 96
Bad Awar, treasure, 20 consults his minister, 97
Baghdad, Persian settlement of, sends troops to Marv, 97
67 M^hwi makes war on, 115
raided by Arabs, 67 nic rches against Mahwi. 117
Baghdad, citj' (C/. Vol. viii, p. lays ambush for Mahwi, 118
109 note), 88 sends Barsim in pursuit of
Yazdagird quits, 88 Mahwi, 118
Bahrain, group of islands in hears of Malawi's capture,
Persian Gulf, 68 119
Bahram Chubina, frdnian hero, puts Mihwi to death, 120
6, 15, 16, 22, 91, 105 goes mad and kills himself,
assassination of, referred 120, 121
to. 4 Brahman, 21
Romance of, 5 Bridge, Battle of the, 5, 67
Bahrdm Gur, Shdh, 26, 77 Bukhara, city on the ZarafshAn
Baigand, city and fortress river in the province of
between Bukhara and Sughd, 97, 115, 117
Oxus, Bust, city in SistAn, 89
Mahwi encamps at, 118
Balkh, city, 116
bestowed by Mdhwi on his
son, 115
Bandwf, maternal uncle of Khus-
rau Parwiz 4 Ci^,SAR, 10, 23
execution of, referred to, 4, letter of, about the True
16, 104 Cross referred to, 22
B4rbad, minstrel, vii, 29 and Chdch (Tashkand), city in TiirAn,
note 115, 116
visits Khusrau I'arwiz in battle-axes of, 118
prison, 29 Chahram (Jahram), city in PArs
lament of, 30 29, 61
INDEX 125
Chin country (often =Tuidn), 10, Farab (Firabr), town on the
19, 41, 107, 118 Oxus opposite to Amwi,
sashes from, 12, 53 desert cf, 115, 118
gold thread of, 82 Fardyin (Gurdz, Shahrbardz^.w.),
Khdn of, 87 Shdh, vii, 50, 53, 105
merchantmen of, 89 accession-speech of, 52
shields of, 118 counselled by his eldest son,
Christ, 24, 109 52
Cross of, 23 counselled by his youngest
Christian, 23 son, 53
Commander of the Faithful, 72 misrule of, 53
'Umar, the first. 72 and note plot against, 54
Contents Table of, vii Faridiin, Shah, 25, 39, 53, 71,
Cross, the true, 4, 5, 10, 24 86, 103
restoration of, 7, 56 Farruhdn (Farrukhan). See Far-
of Christ, 23 ay in.
Elevation 43
of, Farrukhdn (Farruhdn). See Far-
Crystal, House 25 and note
of, dyin .
Ctesiphon (Taisafun q.v.), 65 Farrukh-Hurmuzd (Hurmuzd

seq. father of Rustam, 69
q.v.),
taken by Shahrbardz, 43, 44 FarrukhzAd, Shah, viii, 61 seq.,
Sa'ad, 67 70
booty found at, 68 Siyah Chashm and, 62
poisons, 63
Farrukhzad, son of Hurmuzd,
D brother of Rustam, and
favourite of Khusrau Par-
Dahistan, town, also district wiz, 23, 87, 92, 95
north cf the Atrak. 95 bribes Mihr Hurmuzd to
Dai, day, 17 murder Khusrau Parwiz,
DAng, and note
coin, 94 33
Darkness, House of, 7 defeats the Arabs, 85
Dastagird, city, 7 counsels Yazdagird, 86, 87
Dliu Kdr, Battle of, 4, 5, 66 leads the host to Khur4s4n,
Dilamite, 'All the, friend of Fir- 89
dausi, 121 entrusts Yazdagird to
Div, divs, 18, 25 Mahwi, 95
= Ahriman, 47, 102, 104 goes to Rai, 96
Farud, son of Sliirin and Khusrau
Parwiz, 39
Firdausi, 69
account of Arab conquest
Egyptian, no by, supplemented, 65
linen, no Yazdagird's death, 70,
107
reflections on, 108,
III
on completion of Shdhndma,
FaghfiJr of Chfn, 87, 97, 102 121
Faithful, Commander of the, 72 and assistants of, 121
friends
'Umar, the first, 72 and note exempt from taxation, 121
126 INDEX
Firdausi, time spent on Shdh- Gur4z, end of, 55
n4ma, by, 122 Guraz, son of Mahwi,
praise of Sultan Mahmud, referred to, 107, 115
by, 122 governor of Marv, 120
Flight of Muhammad, referred put to death with his sons,
to, 122 120
Ford and toll-house of Zark, 100 Gurdwi, brother of Bahrdm
and note, 116 Chiibina, 6
Gurdya, sister of Bahram Chu-
bina, 6
Gurgan, province on the south-
eastern shores of the
GALBwf, franian chief, 74 Caspian, 89
Galiniish, Persian general, 5, 11, Gushtasp, Shah, 25
12 Gustaham, maternal uncle of
parley of, with Kharrad and Khusrau Perwiz, 4, 6
Ashtad, II assassination of, referred to,
Gang-dizh, stronghold, 25 16, 104
Garsiwaz, brother of Afrasiy^b,
103
Garsiyun, Iranian chief, 115 H
Gashasp, father of Ashtad q.v., 1 1
Gemini, constellation, 73 HamadAn, city in 'Irak 'Ajami,
Gil (Gil, Gilan ?), district on 68
south-west coast of Cas- Haram, of Khusrau Parwiz, 4, 5
pian, 93 Harat, city in north-western
Glory. See Grace. Afghanistan, 115
Grace or Glory, the divine, 8, 26, bestowed by Mahwi on his
30, 31, 41, 44, 47, 73, 74, son, 115
79. 90, 91. 95. 99. 100, Hashim, Arab general, 68
101, 116 sent by 'Umar in pursuit of
Gudarz, franian hero, 25 Yazdagird, 68
seventy sons of, 25 wins battle of JaliilA, 68
Gumbadin, Mount, 93 takes Hulwdn, 68
stronghold on, 93 Hashimite=Muhammad, 81 and
Gurdz (Shahrbaraz, Farayin note
q.v.) general of Khusrau Heraclius, Eastern Roman Em-
Parwiz and Shah, vii, 44 peror, 5, 7
rebelhon of, 45 Shirwi's letter to, 7
message of, 45 alliance of, with Shahr-
writes to Piriiz, 46 baraz, 44
Piriiz writes to, 47 Hil^l, Arab, 69
account of, 50 slayer of Rustam son of
meaning of, 50 Farrukh-Hurmuzd, 70
dual personality of, 50 Hindustan, 17, 20
marches on Taisafiin, 51 Hira, city, west of the Euphrates
confers with frdnian mag- near Nedjef, 5, 66
nates, 51 kingdom of, 65
misrule of, 53 abolished by Khusrau
conspiracy against, 54 Parwiz, 66
goes hunting, 55 attacked by Persians, 67
INDEX 127
Hcuri. 81 frdnians, defeat of, at Marv, 116
House of Darkness, 7 ambushed, 118
Crystal, 25 and note Istakhr (Perscpolis), 50, 54
Hulwan, town on the border of Yazdagird taken to, 64
'Irak 'Ajami, west of Kir- made Shdh at, 65
m^nshih
Yazdagird retires to, 67
taken by Hishim, 68
Hurmuzd, son of Nushirwan,
Shdh, 4, 15, 104 Jahram. See Chahram.
Hurmuzd (Hurmuzdshdh, Far- Jalula, 68
rukh-Hurmuzd q.v.), Jamdsp, minister of Gushtasp, 26
father of Rustam, 72, 78 Jamshid Shah, 25, 39, 103
85, 89, 96 Jarmana, place, 93
Hurmuzd Shahranguraz (Shah- Jerusalem, 43
ranguraz q.v.), 54 Elevation of the True Cross
Hurmuzd, devotee, 102 at, 43
pleads with Mahwf for Yaz- Jesus, 10
dagird, 102 Jihiin (Oxus), river, 77, 115, 118
Husain, friend of Firdausi, 121 Jins, 81
Hiishang, Shah, 25, 41
K
KABUL, city
Indian, scimitar, 17 falchion of, 98
script, 17 Kachar Bashi, city in Tiiran, 117
scribe, 17 Kadisiya, town west of Euph-
fraj, sonof Faridiin, 103 rates and near
'Irak, 66 Nedjef, 5, 73, 74, 77, 78
fran, viii, 9 seq., 15, 21,
vii, 22, Battle of, 5, 67, 69
31. 36, 38. 39. 44. 45. 51. date of, 67
66. 74. 75. 79. 85, 86, 88, canal of, 69
92, 96, 103, 106, 108, 113 Rustam advances to, 73
franian, frdnians, viii, 22, 23, Kaian, crown, 11, 105
40, 47, 48, 63, 73, 76, 88, Kai Kiiis, Shdh, 25
90, 116 Kai Khusrau, Shdh, 25, 103
homage Shirwl, 8 Kai Kubad, Shdh, 25
choose two chiefs to visit Kalat, stronghold, 91
Khusrau Parwiz in prison, Karan, Iranian hero, 25
9 Karkh, a suburb of Baghdad, 85
plot against Gurdz, 54 Arab defeat at, 85
go hunting with Gur^z, 55 Kashmigdn, son of Farrukhzdd,
race, 65 92
enmity of, with Semite, K4wa, the smith, 30
65 flag of, 30, 67
announces arrival of Shu'ba Khdlid, Arab general, 66
Mughira to Rustam, 82 begins hostilities against
defeat of, at Kidisfya, 84 Persian Empire, 66
retreat to Yazdagirtl, 85 recalled to lead Syrian cam-
—born, 99 paign, 66
128 INDEX
Kh^n of Chin, 87, 102 Kirwan (Karw4n, district north
= Bizhan,97 of Jaxartes ?), 93
Kharr^d, son of Barzin, Iranian Kisra Niishirwdn. See Nushir-
minister, 4, 11, 12, 24 wan .
end of, 4 Kubad, son of Piriiz, Sh4h, 22,

chosen to visit Khusran 25
Parwiz at Taisa fiin, 9 Kubad (Shirwi q.v.), Shah, vii,
Ashtad and, parley with Gal- 3, 4, 9, II, 12, 14, 24, 32,
inush, II 47. 64
visit Khusrau Parwiz,
12 tragic reign of, 3
report to Shirwi, 27 pestilence during, 3
Kharrdd, father of Hurmuzd, 102 boorishness of, 3
Khurasan, province in north- difficult situation of, 3
eastern fran, viii, 59, 6g, reproached by his sisters, 7
87, 88, 92 Kiifa, city, west of Euphrates
Mahwi becomes master of, and north of Nedjef, 68,
114 69
Khusrau Parwiz, Shah, vii, founded by Sa'ad, 67
4 seq., II, 12, 25, 26 note, KurAn, 81
30. 31. 33 se(/., 38 seq., quoted, 81 and note
45 seq. Kutib, father of Husain, 121
charges against, 4, 5, 9, 10
reply of, to charges, 5, 14
seq.
Haram of, 4, 5
last days cf, Theophancs' Lazhawardi fort, 93
account of, 6 Lull rasp, Shah, 104
Shirwi's treatment of, 7
sons of, executed, 7, 35
Shirin and, 7 M
imprisoned atTaisafun, 9
companioned by Shirin, 29 Machin (China), 107
Barbad visits, 29 Mahmiid, Sultan, praise of 122
laments over, 30 Makhzum, place, 93
steed of, 30 M4hwi, Persian cliief, viii, 70, 74,
son of, 31 89, 95, 97. 100 seq. 118
referred to, 33 and note described, 87
kingdom of Hira aboUshcd FarrukhzM entrusts Yaz-
by, 66 dagird to, 95
Muhammad's letter to, 66 accepts charge of Yazda-
Khusrau, father of Piruz, vii, 44, gird, 96
46, 48, 49, 51. 57 becomes disaffected to Yaz-
Khusrau, a miller, iii, 99. See
'.
dagird, 96
Miller. writes to Bizhan, 96, 116
Khuzistdn (Susiana), province at betrays Yazdagird, 97, 98,
head of Persian Gulf 116, 117
annexed by Arabs, 68 <piest of, for Yazdagird,
100
Kluizr4, treasure, 20 has tidings of Yazdagird,
Kibchak, region east of tlie Jax- lOI
artes and north cf Tdsh- consults his warriors, 106
kand, 93 son of, counsels, 107
INDEX 129
MAhwi, son of, receives Balkh and Marv, traditional scene of Yaz-
Marat, 115 dagird's death, 70
governor of Marv, 120 Yazilagird at, 97, 116
put to death with liis thane of, no
sons, 120 apothegm of, no
sends miller to slay Yazda- conduct of Mihwi to Bar-
gird, 107, 116 sam at, 117
troops after niillor with Gurdz, son of Mdhwi, gov-
instructions, 107 ernor of, 120
troops of, strip corpse of Mazanda.rin, region between
Yazdagird, 108 Alburz range and Caspian,
hears of death of Yazdagird, 74
108 Mecca, city, 69
bids miller throw corpse of Mercury, planet, 73
Yazdagird into stream, Mesopotamia,
loS annexed by Arabs, 68
slays monks, 113 Mih-Azar-Gushnasp, minister of
consults his intimates and Ardshir, son of Shirwi, in
minister, 113 Arabic Tabari, 43
advised by his minister, 113 put to death, 43
claims the throne on false Mihr, fea^t, 40
pretences, 114 Mihr 'Hasis, minister of Ardshir,
becomes master of Khur- son of Shirwi, in Persian
ds4n, 114 Tabari, 43
evil rule of, 114 put to death, 43
makes war on lii'zhan, 115 Mihr Hurmuzd, murderer of
conduct to Barsam, 117
of, Khusrau Parwiz, vii, 34
cresses Oxus and camps at account of, 5
Baigand, 118 referred to,6, 33
flees, 1 18 conspires against Ivhusrau
overtaken by BarsAm, 118 Parwiz, 6
captured by Barsam, 119 put to death, 7
put to death by Bizhan, 120 described, 33
Marchlords, viii Mihr-i-Nush, 103
Mardanshah (Yalan-sina q-v.),^, 6 pleads with Mdhwi for Yaz-
son of, 5, 6 dagird, 103
conspires against Ivhusrau Mill, viii, 98, 116
Parwiz, 6 Miller, viii, 70
mutilation and execution of, Yazdagird and, 99
6 informs chief of Zark about
Mardanshah (Mardasas), son of Yazdagird, 100
Shirin and Khusrau Par- informs Mahwi about Yaz-
wiz, 39 dagird, lOI
Mard4sas (Mardinsliah q.v.), 7 bidden to slay Yazdagird,
execution of, 7 107
Mars, planet, 73, 89 bidden to fling corpse into
Mariisipand, palace, 1 1 stream, 108
•Marv, oasis and city in ancient Mnn'ichihr, Shdh, 103
northern Khurasdn, now Mir Kh4nd, distich of, quoted, 56
in Turkistan, 70, 89, 116, Monks, 109
find Yazdagird, 109
VOL. IX
I30 INDEX
Monks, lament over and entomb O
Yazdagird, 109 seq.
sentences of, over Yazda- Omen of the quince, 13, 14
gird, no Oxus (Jihiin), river
slain by Mahwi, 113 referred to, 117 and note, 118
Mughira, son of Shu'ba. See
Shu'ba Mughira, 69
Muhammad, the Prophet, 69, 81
seq.
letter of, to Khusrau Par- PAHLAvf, middle Persian lan-
wiz, 66 guage of Ashkanian (Par-
Flight of, referred to, 122 thian) and Sasanian times,
Muslim, 85 50
Paidawasis, Persian coin=five
dinars, 19
Pars (Persis, Farsistan), country
on eastern shore of Per-
sian Gulf, 68
Parsis, 64
N Parwiz. See Khusrau Parvviz.
Persepolis (Istakhr), 65
Nahavand, city, south of Ham- Persia, 66
adan, 68, 69 Persian, Persians, 5, 7, 20, 37,
Yazdagird concentrates his 40, 54, 60, 66, 67, 69, 70,
forces at, 68 72, 77. 79. 85, 121
Battle of, 69 ideas on marriage, 7
Narwan, forest of, 86 language, 12, 65
Nastur, son of Shirin and Khus- = Ashtad and Kharrad, 24
rau Parwiz, 39 exonerate Shirin, 38
Nile, 98 empire, 65, 66
Nimriiz*, 5, 6 Gulf, 66, 68
"
satrapy of, 69 win The Battle of the
Nishd.pur, city in Khurasan, 95 Bridge," 67
Niy^tiis (Theodosius, son of attack on Hira, 67
fail in
Maurice), 23 defeat of, at Kadisiya, 67,

Note on Pronunciation, xii 84
Nu'man bin Munzir, prince of Jalula, 68
Hfra, 5 Nahavand, 69
Nu man, Arab general, 68 Shu'ba Mughira's embassy
sent by Umar to fight Yaz-
'
to, 69
dagird, 68 robes, 94
defeats Pfriizan at Naha- transcribe Shahndma for
vand, 68 Firdausi, 121
slain, 69 Pestilence, in reign of Kubdd,
Niishirwdn, Sh4h, 22, 26, 71, 80, 3-7
92, 105, 109, no, 119 Piruz, son of Khusrau, minister
Letter of Counsel of, 22 of Ardshir son of Shirwi,
division of Empire by, 69 vii
dream of, 92 appointed general, 44
*See p. 333 note.

INDEX 131
Pfniz, letter of Guraz to, 46 Rum, Eastern Roman Empire,
takes counsel, 46 10, II, 20, 39, 41, 45, 46,
writes to Guraz, 47 113
Guraz marches against, 48 brocade of, 99, loi
appeals to Tukhar, 48 monks of, slain by Mahwi,
feasts with Ardshir, 48 "3
informs Guraz of the death Ruman, Riimans, 23, 60
of Ardshir, 51 Russian, cloth, no
put to death, 57 Rustam, son of Zal, frinian hero,
Piruz, franian prince, 59 25
Piriiz, son of Shapiir, Iranian Rustam, Persian commander
noble in chief under Yazdagird
takes Rustam's letter to III., viii, 66, 67, 69, 73.
Sa'ad, 80, 81 81 seq., 90, 95
Piruzan, Persian general, overthrows Azarmdukht, 59
commands Persian forces at advances to Kadisiya, 67,
Nahavand, 68 73
slain, 69 end of, 69
Pisces, constellation, 71 finds evil aspects in the stars,
Plague. See Pestilence. 73
Pronunciation, Note on, xii writes to his brother, 73
Purandukht, Shah, vii, 56 hears of Shu'ba Mughira's
reproaches Kubad, 7 arrival, 82
makes Shahranguraz prime
minister, 56
True Cross and, 56
Pusfarrukh, 50
Sa'ad, son of Wakkas, Arab

Q general, viii, 67, 68, 82
90
seq.,
Quince, omen of the, 13, 14 succeeds Abu 'Ubaida, 67
at Kadisiya, 67, 69
founds Kiifa, 67
R takes Ctesiphon, 67
recalled, 68
R.\D.\, Mount, 91, 94 sent by 'Uniar to invade
Kadwi, archimage fran, 72
pleads with Mahwi for Yaz- letter of Rustam to, 78
dagird, 102 taken by Piriiz 80, 81
Rai, city and district near Tih- Sada, feast, 40, 92
ran, 68, 69, 89, 95, 96 Samarkand, city in Turkistan,
Raja, 17 96, 115
letter of, 17 Sapand^rmad, month, 70, 122
put in charge of Shi'rin, 17 Sari, city in Mazandaran, 86
Raven, Raven-head, 91 and note, Sa.san, son of Dara, 105 and iiote
95 note, 96 lineage of 56, 105
Revellers Rosary of 38, 40 Sasanian, Sasanians, 4, 5, 46,
Roman, 50, 66 47. 50. 54. 65, 72. 73, 76,
Rosary of Revellers, 38, 40 77. 83, 105
Riiina, place, 91 Dynasty, 4
132 INDEX
Sasanian, Empire, conquered by Shfrin,makes her will, 36
the Arabs, 65 seq. goes to Court 37
Satrapy, satrapies, Niishirwdn's justifies herself, 38, 40
four, 69 sons of, 39
Saturn, planet, 73 unveils to the Court, 39
sphere of, 92 Shirw: falls in love with,
Seasons, confusion of the, 77 note 39
Semite, race, enmity of, with makes request of Shirwi, 40,
Iranians, 65 41
Shabdiz, steed of Khusraii Par- goes home, 40
wiz, 30 distributes her wealth, 40
Shahnama, viii, 4 seq., 43, 50, 61, frees her slaves, 41
70 poisons herself, 42
completion of, Firdausi on, Shirwi (Kubad q.v.). Shah, vii,
121 7, 8, II, 27, 28, 31 seq.,
length of, 122 36, 45, 47, 64
date when completed, 122 treatment of Khusrau Par-
Shahran, 102 wiz by, 7
pleads with Mahwi for Yaz- writes to Heraclius, 7
dagird, 102 horoscope of, 16
Shahranguraz (Hurmuzd Shah- kept by Shirin, 16
ranguraz, Guraz q.v.), vii, Ashtad and Kharrad report
50 their interview with Khus-
heads conspiracy against rau Parwiz to, 27
Guraz, 54 reproaches and summons
Shalirbaraz (Guraz q.v.), Iranian Shirin, 36, 37
general, 43, 50 falls inlove with Shirin, 39
rebellion of, 43, 44 grants Shirin's requests, 40,
alliance of, with Heraclius,44 42
Shahr-Barz. See Shahrbaraz. poisoned, 42
Shahguraz (Shahrbaraz q.v.), 50 son of, 42
Shahrwaraz (Shahrbaraz q.v.), 50 length of reign of, 42
Shahryar, son of Shirin and Shu'ba Mughira, companion of
Khusrau Iârwiz, 39 the Prophet, 69, 83
father of Yazdagird, 64 embassy of, 69, 82
Shamiran, stronghold north of Sikandar (Alexander the Great),
Harat (?), 91, 94 Shah, 26
Shapiir, father of Piruz, 80 Siyah Chasm, slave of Farrukh-
Shatt-al-Arab, the combined zad, 62
streams, of the Tigris and handmaid of Farruklizad
Euphrates, 67 and, 62
Shirin, wife of Khusrau Parwiz, imprisoned, 62
vii, 28, 36 released, 62
Khusrau Parwiz and, 7 poisons Farrukhzad, 63
has charge of Shirwi's horo- Siyawush, son of Kai Kdus, 25
scope, 16 and note, 26 note. 103
Raja's letter, 17 Snakes = Arabs, 91
companions Khusrau Par- Siir, Siir^n, city near Ispahan,
wiz in prison, 29 74. 89. 95. 97. 100, 1x6,
reproached and summonetl 118
by Shirwi, 36 Svrian, 66
INDEX 133
Tauaki, historian, 4, 56, 61, u^, Vknus, planet, 26, 73

6y Victory of Victories, The, 69
Arabic, 4, 5, 7, 43, 50 Virgo, constellation, 71
Persian, 4, 5, 43, 70
Tabaristin (Mazandaran), 74
Table of Contents, vii
Tahmuras, Shah, 2^
Taisafiin (Ctesiphon), city on left
W
bank of Tigris, g, 10, 90
Khusrau Parwi'z imprisoned Wakkas, father of Sa'ad q.v
at, 9
viii, 72, 78, 82, 90
Barbad visits Khusrau Par-
wiz at, 29
Taraz, city north-east of T4sh-
kand, 41
Taxation, Firdausi's exemption
from, 121 Yalan-sina (Mardanshah q.v.),
Theophanes, Greek Chronicler, 6
account of last days of Yazdagird, Shah, viii, 5, 61, 64
Khusrau Parwiz by, 6 seq., 68 seq., 72, 81, 90,
Tigris, river, 67 101, 105, 106, 113, 115,
Toll-house and ford of Zark, 100 116, 122
and note, 116 Era of, 64
Tukhar, Iranian general, taken for safety to Istakhr,
refuses to help Piruz against 64
Gurdz, 48 age of, at accession, 65
Ti'ir, son of Fan'dun, 103 difficult position of, 65
Tiiran, 11, 89, 99 historical importance of
Turk, Turks, 70, 96 seq., 105, 114, reign of, 65
117, 120 flight of, from Ctesiphon, 67
Turkish, 87 Hulwan, 68
Turkistdn, 15 last attempt of, to recover
Turkman, Turkmans, 25, 76, 94 his empire, 68
king = Afrasiyab, 25 concentrates his forces at
Ti'is, city in Khurdsan, viii, 90, Nahdvand, 68
95 defeated and a fugitive, 69
governor of, 92 death of, referred to, 69
host returns to, after Kdd-
U isiya, 85
hears of Rustam's death, 85
'Umar, Khalifa, 66 seq., -jz, 76, quits Baghdad, 88
121 makes for Marv, 89
founds Basra, 67 entrusted to Mahwi by
sends Hdshim in pursuit of Farrukhzdd, 95, 96
Yazdagird, G8 at Marv, 97, 1 16
Nu'man to fight Yazda- hears of the coming of the
68
gird, Turks, 97
Sa'ad to invade frdn, 72 betrayed by Mihwi, 98
Urmuzd, the Good Principle, 24 defeated, 98, 116
134 INDEX
Yazdagird, miller and, 99 seq. ZahhAk, an Aryan myth, 65
described, 99, 10 1 king of Babylon, 65
Mahwl bids miller slay, 107, an Arab, 65
116 Zal, Sam and father of
son of
and flung into
slain, stripped Rustam, 25
stream, 108, 109 and note Zark, town south-east of Marv,
corpse of, recovered, lam- 98
ented over and entombed, canal of, 98
109 seq. corpse of Yazdagird flung
Firdausi on, m into, 109
recovered from. 109
ford and toll-house of, 100
and note
chief of, 100
ZabulistAn, 75* hears from miller about
Zahh4k, Shah, 25. 65, 103 Yazdagird, 109
•See p. 333 note.

GENERAL LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
—Macan's edition of the Shahndma
C.
L. — Liimsden's Do.
P.— Mohl's do.
T. —Tihrin do.
v.— Vullers' do.
AM. The Voiage and Travayle of Sir John Maundeville, Knight

. Edited ... by John Ashton.
. .
AS. The Shah Nameh cf Firdausi. Translated and . .
abridged. ... By James Atkinson Esq.

BAG. A History of Ancient Geography. By E. H. Bunbury
F.R.G.S.
BAN. A Plain and Literal Translation of the Arabian Nights'
Entertainments. ... By Richard F. Burton.
BBR. Buddhist Records of the Western World. Tran^^latcd
from the Chinese of Hiuen Tsiang (A.D. 629). By
Samuel Beal.
BCM. The Chahir Maqala (" Four Disccurses ") of Nidhami-i-
'Arudi-i-Samarquandi. Translated into English by
Edward G. Browne, M.A., M.B.
BGDF. The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.
By Edward Gibbon. Edited by J. B. Bury, A. M
BHA. The History of Alexander the Great, being the Syriac
Version of the Pseudo-Callisthenes. Edited with . . .
an English Translation and Notes, by Ernest A. Walhs

Budge, M.A.
BLEA. The E.xploits of Alexander the Great, being
Life and a
Series Translations of the Ethiopia Histories of
of
Alexander. By E. A. Wallis Budge, M.A.
. . .
BLHP. A Literary History of Persia. By Edward G. Browne,

M.A.
BLRE. History of the Lower Roman Empire. By J. B. Bury.
BPB. Photius Bibliotheca.
: Ex Rccensione Immanuehs Bek-
keri.
CIG. Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum.
CTC. Theophanis Chronographia. Ex Recensione loannis
Classeni.
DAA. Arriani Anabasis F. Diibner. . . .
DAI. Arriani Indica F. Dubner. . . .
DEL J. Darmcstetcr, fitudes Iranicnnos.
135
136 GENERAL LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
DFKHP. H'story cf the Parsis. By Dcsabliai Framji Karaka,
C.S.I.
DHA The History From tlie German of Professor
of Antiquity.
Max Duncker. the late Evelyn Abbot, M.A.
By
DZA. Professor Darmestcter's Trans, of the Zandavasta in the
Sacred Books of the East. Reference to Parts and pages. '
EHI. The History of India as told by its own Historians. By

Sir H. M. Elliot, K.C.B.
EP. Eastern Persia, an Account of the Journeys ci the Persian
Boundary Commission, 1870-71-72.
GDF. The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.
Py Edward Gibbon, Esq. With Notes by Dean Milman
and M. Guizot. Edited, with additional Notes, by
William Smith, L.L.D.
GH. The Land of the Hittites. By John Garstang, D.Sc.
. . .
GHP. Histoire des Perses par le Comtc de Gobineau.

GIP. Grundriss der Iranischen Philologie.
GKS. Kleine Schriften von Alfred von Gutschmid.
GYZ. Geiger Das Yatkar-i Zariran und sein Verhaltniss zum
:
Sahnime. Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-philolo-

gischen und historischen Classe der k.b. Akademie der
Wissenschaften zu Miinchen. j8go. Bd. II. Heft I.
P- 43-
HAP. in Persia from the French of Georges Perrot
History of Art
and Charles Chipiez.
HB. The Country of Balochistan. ... By A. W. Hughes,
F.R.G.S.
HEP. Essays on the Sacred Language, Writing and Religion of
the Parsis. By Martin Haug, Ph. D. Edited and
enlarged by E. W. West. Ph. D.
HIE. The' Indian Empire. By W. W. Hunter, C.S.I., CLE.,
L.L.D.
HLP. The Legend of Perseus. By E. S. Hartland.
HQC. Q. Curtius Rufus ed. Edmundus Hedicke.
. . .
HRVP. Vetcrum Persarum Religionis Histoiia.

. . Ed. 2nd.
.
By Thomas Hyde.
HS. Syntagma Dissertationum quas olim auctor doctissimus
Thomas Hyde S.T.P. separatim edidit.
JFB. The earliest English version of the Fables of Bidpai . . .
now again edited and induced by Joseph Jacobs.

JP. Persia Past and Present, by Professor A. V. Williams
Jackson.
JRGS. The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society.
JZ. Zoroaster. By A. V. Williams Jackson.
KA. Asia. By A. H. Keane, F.R.G.S.
KUR. Kitab-i-Yamini of Al Utbi. Translated by the Rev.
James Reynolds, B.A.
LAN. The Arabian Nights' Entertainments. A New Translation
from the Arabic. ... By Edward William Lane.
LEG. The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate. By G. Le Strange.
»The second edition of Part I. is referred to unless otherwise specified.
GENERAL LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 137
LPC. A View of the History and Coinage of the Parthians. By
Jolin I.inilsay. Esq.
MA. Ak'-KaiKhu Ic Grami Par Paul Meyer. . . .
MCAI. Ancient India as described by Megasthenes and Arrian.

... By J. W. M'Crindle, M.A.
MCI. The Invasion of India by Alexander the Great. By . . .
J. W. M'Crindle, M. A. New Edition. . . .
MP. Reliqua Arriani et Scriptorum dc rebus Alexanflri M.

Fragmenta collegit Carolus Miillcr. . . .
MGN. Narrative of a Journey through the Province of Khorassan,

etc. By Colonel C. M. MacGrcgor, C.S.I., CLE.
MHP. History of Persia. By Sir John Malcolm, G.C.B.
MLM. The Life of Muhammad. By William Muir, Esq.
MM. Maôudi Les Prairies d'Or. Texte et traduction par C
:
Barbier dc Mcynard et Pa vet de Courteillc.

MPC. Pseudo-Callisthcnes, primum edidit Carolus MuUerus.
MS J P. A Second Journey through Persia, etc. By James Morier
Esq.
MZA. Rev. L. H. Mills' Trans, of the Zandavasta in the
Sacred Books of the East. Reference to Part and
pages.
NAR. Beitrage zur Gcschichte des Alexanderromans, von Prof.
Dr. Th. Noldeke in Denkschriften der Akademie . . .
der Wissenschaften Wien, 1890. . . .
NIN. Das Iranische Nationalepos von Theodor Noldeke.

NK. Geschichte des Artachsir i Papakan aus dem Pellewi iiber-
setzt von Th. Noldeke.
. . .
NPS. Noldeke Persische Studien.

: II. Sitzungsberichte der
Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. CXXVI.
Band.
NSEH. Sketches from Eastern History. By Theodor Noldeke.
English Translation.
NT. Geschichte der Perser und Araber zur Zeit der Sasaniden
. von Th. Noldeke.
. .
OHS. The History of the Saracens. By Simon Ockley. Fourth

Edition.
RFGM. The Five Great Monarchies of the Ancient Eastern World.
By GeorgeRawlinson, M.A.
RII. The History of Herodotus. ... By George Rawlinson,
M.A.
RK. The Koran translated from the Arabic. By J. M. Rod well.
Second Edition.
RM. [In Vols. Ill and IV) The Mahibharata translated into
English Prose [hy Kisari Mohan Ganguli). Published by
Pratapa Chandra Rai, CLE.
{Elsewhere) The Rauzat-us-safa or. Garden of Purity. ;
. .
By Mirkhond
. . Translated by YL. Rchatsek.
. . . .
RP. {In Vols. I and V) Records of the Past. First Series.

(Elsewhere) Professor Rawlinson's Parthia in the Story of
the Nations' Series.
I3« GENERAL LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
RPNS. Records of the Past. Second Series.
RSM. The Seventh Great By George Raw-
Oriental Monarchy.
linson,M.A.
SAC. The Chronology of Ancient Nations ... of Albfruni . . .
translated ... by Dr. C. Edward Sachau.

SHC. The " Higher Criticism " and the Verdict of the Monu-
ments. By the Rev. A. H. Sayce.
SK. The Koran . Translated ... by George Sale, Gent.
. .
SM. History of the Early Kings of Persia Translated from . . .
the original Persian of Mirkhond ... by David

. . .
Shea.
SP. The Periplusof the Erythraean Sea . Translated from . .
the Greek and annotated by Wilfrid H. Schoff, A.M.

STD. The Dabistan Translated ... by David Shea and
. . .
Anthony Troyer.
WLS. In the Land of the Lion and Sun ... By C. J. Wills. M.D.
WPR. The Parsi Religion. By John Wilson.
WPT. Dr. E. W. West's Trans, of the Pahlavi Texts in the Sacred
Books of the East. Reference to Parts and pages.
YMP. The Book of Sir Marco Polo newly translated. . . . . . .
By Colonel Henry Yule, C.B.

ZT. Chronique de Abou-Djafar-Mo'hammed-Ben-Djarii-Ben-
Yezid Tabari, traduite Par M. Hermann Zotenburg. . . .
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
VOLUME I Vol. I
PAor.
Preface .
vii
Chapter I. —Land andINTRODUCTION

People 3
Chapter II. —Poet and Poem 23
Chapter III. —Text and Translation 76
List of previous Translators 87

Ancient Persian Calendar 88
Genealogical Tables 90
Abbreviations 93
Note on Pronunciation . 95
THE SHAhnAma
The Prelude —
SECT.
1. Invocation 100
2. Discourse in Praise of Wisdom lOI
Of the Making of the World 102
3.
4. Of the Nature of Man 104
Of the Nature of the Sun . 105
6. Of the Nature of the Moon . 105
In Praise of the Prophet and his Companions 106
7.
8. On the Compilation of the Sh4hn4ma 108
9. Of the Poet Dakiki . 109
10. How the present Book was begun 109
11. In Praise of Abu Mansiir, Son of Muhammad no
12. In Praise of Sultdn Mahmud 112
THE BEGINNING OF THE HISTORY : THE

PISHDADIAN DYNASTY
GaiiJmart —
1. The Greatness of Gaiumart and the Envy of
Ahriman . . . . . • .118
2. How Siyamak was slain by the Dfv . . .120
3. How Hiishang and Gaiumart went to fight the
Black Div 121
139
140 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
HiJSHANG Vol 1
SKCT. PAGE
1. The Accession of Hushang and his civilising Arts 122
2. How the Feast of Sada was founded 123
Tahmukas-
I.
subdues the Divs, and dies ....
Tahmuras ascends the Throne, invents new Arts,
126
Jamshid —
I. The Greatness and Fall of Jamshid
2.
3-
4-
How Iblis turned Cook
How
....
The Story of Zahhak and his Father
the Fortunes of Jamshid went to

.
Wrack
135
137
139
Zahhak —
The evil
Irma'iland Karma'il ....
Customs of Zahhak and the Device of
How
The Birth of Faridiin ....
Zahhak saw Faridiin in a Dream .
147
5-
How
Origin
Tha Story
......
Faridiin questioned his Mother about
of Zahhak and K4wa the Smith .

his
154
6. How Faridiin went to Battle with Zahhak .
7- How Faridiin saw the Sisters of Jamshid 161

The Story of Faridiin and the Minister of Zahhak 164
How Faridiin bound Zahhak •166
FARfoiiN-
I. How Faridiin ascended the Throne . .
.174
2. How Faridiin sent Jandal to Yaman . .
.177
How the King of Yaman answered Jandal 181
.......
.
3- .
4- How the Sons of Faridiin went to the King of

Yaman 183
5- How Sarv proved the Sons of Faridun by Sorcery. 184
6. How Faridun made Trial of his Sons .186
. .
7- How Faridun divided the World among his Sons 189 .
8. How Salm grew envious of fraj . .189

. .
9- How Salm and Tiir sent a Message to Faridun 191 .
10. How Faridun made Answer to his Sons 193

. .
II. How fraj went to his Brothers .

.197
. .
12. How fraj was slain by his Brothers 199
......
. . .
13- How Faridiin received Tidings of the Murder of

fraj . . 202
14.
15-
16.
How a
.....
Daughter was born to
The Birth of Miniichihr
How Salm and Tiir had Tidings
fraj .
of Miniichihr
. .
.
205
206
208
17- How Faridun received his Sons' Message . .
209
18. How Faridun made Answer to his Sons . . 211
19. How Faridun sent Miniichihr to fight Tiir and Salm 215
20. How Miniichihr attacked the Host of Tiir . .218
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS 141
FARfDiJN {continued) Vol. I.
SECT PAGE
21. How Tiir was slain by IMinucliihr 220
22.
23.
Faridiin
How Karan took
.......
How Mini'ichihr wrote to announce his
Castle of the Alans

tlic
Victory to
.
223 .
221
24. How Kakwi, the Grandson of Zahhak, attacked the

franians . . . . . . .
225
25. How Salm fled and was slain by Minuchihr . .
227
26.
27. The Death .....
How the Head of Salm was sent to Fan'dun
of Faridiin
. .
229
232
MiNUCHIHK — -
1.
2.
How
Oration
The Birth of Zal
.......
Minuchihr ascended the Throne and made an
...... 237
239
How Sam had a Dream touching the Case of his Son 243
3.
4.
5.
.......
How Miniichihr took Knowledge of the Case of Sam
and Zal
How Zal went back to Zabulistan .251
. .
248
6. How Sam gave the Kingdom to Zal .

253 . .
7. How Zal visited Mihrab Kabul

of .
256 . .
8. How Riidaba took Counsel with her Damsels 259 .
9. How Rudaba's Damsels went to see Zal 263 . .
10. How the Damsels returned to Riidaba. 267 . .
11. How Zal went to Riidaba .270

......
. . . .
12. How Z41 consulted the Archimages in the Matter

of Riiddba 273
13. How Zal wrote to Sam to explain the Case . .
275
14. How Sam consulted the Archmages in the Matter
of Zal 278
How Sindukht heard of the Case of Riidaba 280
.......
. .
15.
16. How Mihrab was made aware of his Daughter's
Case 284
17. How Minuchihr heard of the Case of Zal and
18.
19.
Riiddba
How Sam came to Miniichihr
How S4m went to fight Mihrab
....
.... 289
292
288
20. How Zal went on a Mission to Miniichihr 295 . .
21.
22.
23.
How Mihrab was wroth with Sindukht
How Sam comforted Sindukht ....
How Z41 came to Minuchihr with Sam's Letter
299
301
306
. .
24. How the Archmages questioned Zal .

308 . .
25. How Zal answered the Archmages .

309 . .
26. How Zal displayed his Accomplish ;nent before

Minuchihr . . . .
-311
. .
27. Miniichihr's Answer to SAm's Letter .314

. .
28. How Zal came to Sim . .

.316
. .
29.
30.
31.
The Story of the JMrth of
How Sdm came to see Rustam
How Rustam slew the White Elephant
....
Rustam . .
.
.
.
320
324
327
MintJciiihr {continued) Vol.. I.
SECT PAGE
How Rustam went to Mount Sipand 330
......
. . .
33- How Rustam wrote a Letter announcing his
34-
Victory to Zal
The Letter of Zal to
35- Miniichihr's last Counsels to his
.....
Sam
Son . . .
332
334
335
Naudar —
I. How Naudar succeeded to the Throne .
339
2. How Pashang heard of the Death of Miniichihr 342
3- How Afrdsiyab came to the Land of fran 345
4-
Kubad was slain .....
How Barman and Kubad fought together and how
346
6.
How
Time .......
Afrdsiyab fought with Naudar the second
How Naudar fought with AfrAsiyab the third Time

350
352
7- How Naudar was taken by Afrasiyab .
355
8. How Wisa found his Son that had been slain 356
9-
10.
Iist4n .......
How Shamasas and Khazarwan invaded Zabu-
....
How Zal came to help Mihr^b
358
359
II. How Naudar was slain by Afrasiyab .
362
12. How Zal had Tidings of the Death of Naudar 364
13- How Ighriras was slain by his Brother .
367
Zav-
I . Zav is elected Shah 370
GarshAsp-
I. How Garshisp succeeded to the Throne and died,
2.
and how Afrasiyab invaded fran
How Rustam caught Rakhsh ....
How Zal led the Host against Afrasiyab
.
374
378
381
.......
3-
4- How Rustam brought Kai Kubad from Mount
Alburz 382
Index 389
VOLUME n
PAGE
Genealogical Tables 3
Abbreviations. 5
Note on Pronunciation 6
THE KAIANIAN dynasty

Kai KubAd —
SECT page
I.
2.
How
....
Kai Kubdd ascended the Throne and warred
against Turin
How Rustam fought with Afrasiyab .
II
13
3. How Afrasiydb came to his Fatlior 16
4. How l^vshang sued to Kai Kubad for Peace 18
5. How Kai Kubad came to Istakhr of Pdrs 22
Kai KAxJs— Vol. II
Part I. The War with MAzandarAn —
SICCT. PAGE
1. The Prelude 29
2.
to invade Mazandardn .....
How K4us sat upon the Throne and was tempted
.... 30
3.
4.
5.
How Z41 gave Counsel to Kaiis
How Kdiis went to Mazandaran
The Message of
. ...
Kai Kaus to Zal and Rustam .
36
38
42
The Seven Courses of Rustam —

6. The
Lion ...
First Course.
The Second Course.

How
.....
Rakhsh
How Rustam
fouglit with a
found a Spring
44
46
7.
8.
Dragon .......
The Third Course.
The Fourth Course.

How Rustam fought with a
How Rustam slew a Witch

48
50
........
9. .
10. The Fifth Course. How Rustam took IJlad cap-

tive 52
11.
12.
Di'v Arzhang......
The Sixth Course. How Rustam fought with the
The Seventh Course. How Rustam slew the

57
White Div 59
How Kaiis wrote to the King of Mazandardn 63
......
.
13.
14. How Rustam went on an Embassy to the King of
MAzandaran 66
How Kkus fought with the King of Mdzandaran 70
......
.
15.
16. How Kiiis returned to the Land of trkn and fare-
welled Rustam 76
Part II. The Doings of Kai Kaus in the Land

—
OF BarbaristAn and other Tales
1.
2.
var^n .......
How Kai Kaus warred with the King of Hama-
How Kdiis asked to Wife Suddba, the Daughter
82
of the King of Hdmavaran .

•
. . 86
3. How the King of Hamavaran made Kaiis Prisoner 88
How Afrasiyab invaded the Land of fran 91
.......
. .
4.
5. How Rustam sent a Message to the King of Ham-
avaran 93
6.
ered Kaus .......
How Rustam fought with Three Kings and deliv-
95
7.
8.
9.
How Kaiis sent a Message to Afrasiyab
How Kdiis ordered the World ....
How Kaiis beguiled by Iblis ascended the Sky
. .
.
98
loi
102
10. How Rustam brought back Kaiis . . •
104
The Story of the Fight of the Seven Warriors —

11. How Rustam went with the Seven Warriors to the
Hunting-ground of AfrîyAb . . .
107
12. How Rustam fought with the Turanians . .HI
Kai Kaus —
Part II. The Story of the Fight of the Seven Warriors
{continued)
— Vol. II
SKCT. PAGE
13. How ^
Pi'lsam fought with the Iranians . . .112

14. How Afrasiyab fled from the Battlefield . . ii6
—
Part III.
1.
Suhrab
The Prelude ......
2. How Rustam went to the Chace.
119
120
3. How Rustam came to the City of Samyngan 22
I
4.
5.
How Tahmina, the
gan, came to Rustam
The Birth of Suhrab.
Daughter
....
of the
....
King of Samai
123
126
6. How Suhrab chose his Charger .
127
7. How Afrasiyab sent Barmdn and Human to Suhrji 129
8. How Suhrab came to White Castle 131
9- How Suhrab fought with Gurdafn'd 132
10. The Letter of Gazhdaham to Kaiis 136
II. How Suhrab took White Castle .
'37
12.
13-
How
from Zabulistan .....
Kaiis wrote to Rustam and summoned him
How Kaiis was wroth with Rustam

138
T42
14 How Kaiis and Rustam led forth the Host .
148
15- How Rustam slew Zhanda Razm U9
16.
17-
of fran ......
How Suhrab asked Haji'r the Names
How Suhrab attacked the Army of Kaiis
of the Chiets
152
159
18. How Rustam fought with Suhrab Ib2
19. How Rustam and Suhrab returned to Camp. 165
20. How Suhrab overthrew Rustam. 168
21. How Suhrab was slain by Rustam 172
22. How Rustam asked Kaiis for an Elixir .
177
23- How Rustam lamented for Suhrab 179
24. How Rustam returned lo Zabulistan . 182
25- How Suhrab's Mother received the Tidings oi hi
Death 184
—
Part IV. The Story of SiyAwush
1. The Prelude .....
2. The Story of the Mother of Siyawush
•
.
191
193
3. The Birth of Siyawush 195
4. How Siyawush arrived from Zabulistan 197
3. The Death of the Mother of Siyawush. 199
6. How Siidaba fell in Love with Siyciwush 200
7. How Siydwush visited Siidaba . 202
8. How Siydwush visited the Bower the second Time 206
9.
10.
11.
How Siidaba beguiled Kdiis ....
How Siyawush visited the Bower the third Time
How Siidiba and a Sorceress devised a Scheme
210
21
214
1
12. How KAiis inquired into the Matter of the Babes .

2»5
13. How Siyawush passed through the Fire 218
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS M5
K\i Kaus —
Part IV. The Story of Siyawush (continued)
— Vol. U
SECT. I'AGE
14. How Siyawush begged Si'idaba's L'fe of liis Father 222
15- How Kaus hoard of the Coming of Afrasiyab 224
16. How Siy4wush led forth the Host 226
17- The Letter of Siyawush to Kai Kaus .
229
18. The Answer of Kai Kaus to the Letter of Siyawu 230
19. How Afr4siy4b had a Dream and was afraid 232
......
.
20. How AfrAsiydb inquired of the Sages concerning

his Dream
21. How Afrasiyab took Counsel with the Nobles
22. How Garsiwaz came to Siyawush 238
23. How Siyawush made a Treaty with Afrasiydb 239
24. How Siyawush sent Rustam to Kaus 242
25. How Rustam gave the Message to Kaus 243
26. How Kaiis sent Rustam to Sistan 246
27. The Answer of Kaus to the Letter of Siyawush 247
28. How Siyawush took Counsel with Ba hram and Zang 249
29. How Zanga went to Afrasiyab .
232
30. How Afrasiyab wrote to Siyawush 255
31. How Siyawush gave up the Host to Rahram .
257
32. The Interview Siyawush with Afrasiyab
ot . 261
33.
34.
How
How
Afrasiyab .....
Siyawush displayed his Prowess
Afrasiyab and Siyawush went to the Chase

belC'ie
263
267
35. How Piran gave his Daughter to Siyawush . 268
36. How Piran spake to Siyawush about Farangfs 270
37. How Piran spake with Afrasiyab 272
38. The Wedding of Farangis and Siyawush 274
39. How Afrasiyab bestowed a Province on Siyawush 276
How Siyawush built Gang-dizh 279
......
40.
41. How Siyawush discoursed with Piran about the
Future 282
42. How Afrasiyab sent Piran into the Provinces 285
43. How Siyawush built Siyawushgird 285
44. How Piran visited Siyawushgird 287
45. How Afrasiyab sent Garsiwaz to SiyAwush .
289
46. The Birth of Farud, the Son of Siyawush 291
How Siyawush played at Polo 292
......
47.
48. How Garsiwaz returned and spake Evil before
Afrasiyab 296
49. How
Garsiwaz returned to Siyiwush .
301
50. The Letter of Siyawush to Afrasiyab .
306
51. How AfrAsiyib came to fight witli SiyAwush 307
52. How Siyawush had a Dream 308
53. The Parting Words of Siyawush to Farangfs. 310
54. How Siyawush was taken by .Vfrasiyib 312
55. How Farangis bewailed herself before Afrdsiydb 317
56. How Siyawush was slain by Gurwi 320
57. How Piran saved Farangis 323
VOL. l.X
Kai Kaus —
Part The Story of Siyawush — Vol. II
IV.
....
-
[continued)
SECT. PAGE
58. The Birth Kai Khusrau
of 325
59. How Piran entrusted Kai Khusrau to the Shep-
herds . . . . . .
.328
60.How Piran brought Kai Khusrau before AfrasiyAb 330
61. How Kai Khusrau went to Siyawushgird . .
333
Part V. How Rustam avenged Siyawush and how
Giv BROUGHT Kai Khusrau to TrAn —
1. Firdausi's Lament over his old Age . . .
336
2.
3.
4.
How Rustam came to Kaiis ....
How Kaiis heard of the Case of SiyAwush
How Rustam slew Sudaba and led forth the Host.
. .
337
338
340
5. How Faramarz slew Warazad . .
.341 .
6. How Surkha led his Troops to fight with Rustam 344 .
7. How Afrasiyab led forth the Host to avenge his

Son . . . . ... . .
348
8. How Pilsam was slain by Rustam . . .
350
g. How Afrasiyab fied from Rustam . . .
353
10. How AfrAsiyab sent Khusrau to Khutan . .
355
11. How Rustam reigned over Turan for Seven Years. 357
12.
13-
Siyawush ......
How Zawara went to the Hunting-ground of
How Rustam harried the Land of Tiiran
339
360
14. How Rustam returned to fran .
361
15- How Giidarz had a Dream of Kai Khusrau .
363
16. How Giv went to Tiiran in Quest of Kai Khusrau 365
17- The Finding of Kai Khusrau 369
18. How Giv and Kai Khusrau went to Siyawushgird 373
How Kai Khijsrau won Bihzad 374
.......
19. .
20. How Farangis went with Kai Khusrau and Giv to

fran 377
21. How Kulbad and Nastihan fled from (jiv 378
22. How Piran pursued Kai Khusrau 380
23- How Pi'rAn contended with Giv .
382
24. How Piran was taken by Giv 385
25- How Farangis delivered Piran from Giv 386
26. How Afrasiyab found I'iran on the Way 388
27. How Giv disputed with the Toll-man .
390
28. How Kai Khusrau crossed the Jihun .
392
29. How Kai Khusrau came to Ispahan 394
30- How Kai Khusrau came to Kaiis 397
31- How Tiis refused Allegiance to Kai Khusrau .
399
32. How Giidarz was wroth with Tiis 402
a- How Gudarz and Tiis went before Kaiis on th
Matter of the Kingship 403
34- How and FarAmarz went to the Castle of
Tiis
Bahman and came back foiled 405
35-
and took it .....
How Kai Khusrau went to the Castle of Bahman
40O
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS M7
Kai Kaus —
Part V. How Rustam Avenged Siyawush, etc. {continued)
—
Vol. II
SECT. P.ÔK
36. How KeiiKhusrau returned in Triumph . .
409
37. How Kdiis set Khusrau upon the Throne of King-
ship 411
Index 4'3
VOLUME HI
I'AGK
Abbreviations. 3
Note on Pronunciation
THE KAIANIAN DYNASTY
Kai Khusrau — [contimied)
Part I. How Kai Khusrau, to avenge Siyawush,

SENT A Host against Tur.4n —
SECT.
1.
2.
The Prelude
How
.......
the Nobles did
Homage to Kei Khusrau
15
3. How
Realm .......
Kai Khusrau made a Progress through his
17
19
4.
5.
How
....
Kai Khusrau sware to Kai Kaus to trike
Vengeance on Afrasivab
How Kai Khusrau numbered the Paladins
20
....... 24
.
6. How Kai Khusrau bestowed Treasures on the

Paladins 26
7. How Kai Khusrau sent Rustam to the land ot
Hind 30
8. How Kai Khusrau reviewed the Host .
31
—
9.
10.
The Prelude
How Tus went
......
The Story of Farud the Son of Siyawush
to Turkistan
37
38
11. How Faruil heard of the Coming of Tiis 41
iz. How Fan'id and Tukhar went to view the Host 44
13. How Bahram came to h'arud upon the Mountain 47
14. How IJaliram went back to Tus 51
How
Rivniz was slain by Farud 52
16. tlow Zarasp was slain
by Farud 53
How Tiis fought with Farud 54
i8. How Gi'v fought with Farud
57
19- How Bizhan fought with Fariid
20.
21.
How
How
Fariid was slain
Jarira slew herself
....
....
. bi
62
66
How Tus led the Host to the Kdsa Riid, and how
ralashan was slain by Bizhan 68
^3- How the frAnians suffered in a Snowstorm .
71
24. How I3ahr4m captured Kabuda 73
How the franiaus foufijht with Tazhav
75
26. How Afrasiyab iiad Tidings of Tiis and his Host 78
14^ GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
Kai Khusrau —
The Story of Farud the Son of Siyawush {continued)
—
Vol III
SECT.
27. How Piran made a Night-attack on the franians .
28. How Kai Khusrau recalled Tiis

29. How Fariburz asked a Truce of Piran .
30. How the Iranians were defeated by the Turkmans.

31.
32.
the Battlefield
How Bahram was slain by Tazhav
.....
How Bahram returned to look for his Whip upon
33. How Gfv slew Tazhav in revenge for Bahram

34. How the franians went back to Khusrau
—
1. The Prelude .....
Part H. The story of Kamus of Kash.4n
2. How Khusrau reviled Tiis
3. How Khusrau pardoned the Iranians .
4. How Khusrau sent Tiis to Tiiran

5. The Message of Piran to the Army of fran
6. How Afrasiyab sent an Army to Piran.
7. How Tiis slew Arzhang
How Human fought with Tiis
9.
Time ......
How the franians and Turanians fought the second
10.
11.
How
of fran ......
the Turanians used Sorcery against the Host
How the franians retreated to Mount Hamawan

12.
Hamiwan .....
How the Host of Tiiran beleaguered Mount
13.
14.
Hov/ Piran went
Mount Hamawan
in
....
Pursuit of the franians to
How the franians made a Night-attack

15. How Kai Khusrau had Tidings of his Host .
16.
17.
How
How
of Kai Khusrau
Tiissaw Siyawush
....
Fariburz asked to Wife Farangis, the Mother
in a Dream
18.
19.
How
Piran ......
Afrasiyab sent the Khan and Kamiis to help
How the Khan of Chin came to ?Iamawan

20. How the franians took Counsel how to act .
21. How Giidarz had Tidings of the Coming of Rustam

22.
23.
Army of fran ......
How the Khan of Chin went to reconnoitre the
How Fariburz reached Mount Hamawan
24. How Piran took Counsel with the Khan of Chin
25.
26. The Coming of .....
How Giv and Tiis fought with Kamiis.
Rustam
27.
28.
How
Hosts
How Rustam
.......
the franians and Turanians arrayed their
fought with Ashkabiis

K\i KnusKAU —
Part II. The Story or Kamus of Kashan {continued)
— Vo L III
SKLT TACK
How Pi'raii held Converse coiictrniiig the Coming
of Kiistam 182
30.
31.
How
Array .......
the franians and Turanians set the Battle in
How Aiwa was slain by Kamus . . . .

185
187
32. How Kdmiis was slain by Rustam 188
Part III. The Story of Rustam and the Khan of
Chin —
I.
2.
How the
of
Kh4n
Kamus ......
of Chin
How Chingish fared with Rustam

had Tidings of the Slaying
192
194
3. How the Khan of Chin sent Human to Rustam 196
4. How Pirdn took Counsel with Human and the
Khan 199
5. How Piran came to Rustam 201
6. How the Turanians took Counsel for Battle with
the Iranians 206
7. How Rustam harangued his Troops 211
8.
Q.
Array ......
How the Iranians and Turanians set
How Rustam reproached Piran .
the Battle in
217
10. How the Battle was joined 219
II. How Shangul fought with Rustam and fled . 221
12. How Rustam fought with Sawa. 223
13. How Rustam slew Gahar of Gahan 224
14. How the Khan was taken Prisoner 227
15. How the Host of the Turanians was defeated 230
16. How Rustam divided the Spoil .
232
17. How Rustam wrote a Letter to Kai Khusrau 237
18. How Kai Khusrau made Answer to Rustam'
Letter 239
19.
20.
How
Army ......
Afrasiyab had Tidings of the Case of his
How Rustam fought with Kafiir the Man-eater

241
243
21.
Rustam ......
How Afrasiy4b had Tidings of the Coming
22. Afrasiyab's Letter to Puladwand
of
249
23. How
Puladwand fought with Civ and Tiis .
257
24. How Rustam fought with Puladwand .
259
25. The Wrestling of Rustam and Puladwand . 262
26. How Afrasiyab fled from Rustam 265
27. How Rustam returned to the Court of the Shdh 267
28. How Rustam went back to Sistdn 269
Part IV. The Story of the Fight of Rustam

—
I. Prelude .......
WITH the Div Akw.vn
272
I50 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
K.M Khusrau — Vol. Ill
Part IV. The Story of the Fight of Rustam etc.{continued)
—
SECT. PAGIC
2.
3.
How Kliusrau
Di'v Akwan ....
summoned Rustam
How Rustam went in Quest of the Div

to fight tlie
273
275
How the DiV Akwan flung Rustam into the Sea 276
How Afrasiyab came tc inspect his Steeds, and
how Rustam slew the Dlv Akwan .
279
How Rustam went back to the Land of fran . 281
Part V. The Story of Bizhan and Manizha—

1. The Prelude 287
2. How the Irmanians appealed to Khusrau . .
289
3. How Bizhan went to fight the wild Boars
How Gurgi'n beguiled Bizhan .... . .
292
294
.......
4.
5. How Bizhan went to see Manizha, Daughter of
Afrasiyab 296
6. How Bizhan went to the Tent of Manizha . .
298
7. How Manizha carried off Bizhan to her Palace .
299
8. How Garsiwaz brought Bizhan before Afrasiyab .
301
9. How Piran begged Bizhan's Life from Afrasiyab .
305
10. How Afrasiyab put Bizhan in Ward . . .
309
ir. How Gurgin returned to fran and lied about Bizhan 310
12. How Giv brought C-urgin before Khusrau . •
315
13. How Kai Khusrau saw Bizhan in the Cup that
showed the World . . .
.318 .
14. 'How Khusrau wrote a Letter to Rustam 319 . .
15. How Giv bore the Letter of Kai Ivhusrau to

Rustam . . . . .
.321 .
16. How Rustam made a Feast for Giv .

324 . .
17. How Rustam came to Khusrau . .

.326 .
18. How Ivai Khusrau held Feast with the Paladins 329 .
19. How Rustam made Petition for Gurgin to the Shah 331
20. How Rustam equipped his Escort .
333 . .
21. How Rustam went to the City of Khutan to Piran 334

22. How Manizha came before Rustam .
337 . .
23. How Bizhan heard of the Coming of Rustam 340 .
24. How Rustam took Bizhan out of the Pit 344 . .
25. How Rustam attacked the Palace of Afrasiyab by

Night 347
26. How Afrasiyab went to fight with Rustam . .
349
27. How Afrasiyab was defeated by the Iranians .
351
28. How Rustam returned to Kai Khusrau . .
353
29. How Kai Khusrau made a Feast. . . .
355
Index 359
VOLUME IV
page
Abbreviations. 3
Note on Pronunciation 4
Til !•: K \ I AX A\
I DYNASTY (roiitiuued)
Vol IV
Kai Khusrau {coil till tied)
—
Part Uattle ok Twelve Rukiis —
\I. Tiii£
sia-T.
2.
1. The Prelude
How
......
tiii-;
Afrasiyab called together his Host

ACK
10
3. How
4nians ......
Kid Khusrau sent (a'ldarz to fitÎit the Ti'ir
12
4.
5.
How
How
Giidarz to Pi'ran .....
Giv was made the Bearer of Ovcituics from
Giv visited Piran at W'isagirtl

16
19
6. The Arraying of the Hosts. 22
7. How Bi'zhan went to Giv to urge him to fight 26
8. How Human asked Piran for Iêave to fight .
29
9. How Human challenged Riihham 31
10. How Human challenged Fariburz 34
11. How Human challenged Gudarz. 35
12. How Iîzhan heard of the Doings of Human. 39
13. How Giv g^ve the Mail of Siyawush to Bizhan 44
14. How Human came to battle with Bizhan .. 47
15. How Human was slain by Bizhan 49
16. How Xastihan made a Night-attack and was slaii 53
17. How Gudarz asked aid of Khusrau 56
18. The Answer of Khusrau to the letter of Gudarz 5S
19. How Khusrau arrayed the Host. 61
20. How Piran wrote to Gudarz Son of Kishwad .
63
2 1 . The Answer of Gudarz to the Letter of Piran . 68
22. How Piran asked Succour from Afrasiyab 75
23. The Answer of Afrasiyab to the Letter of Piian 78
24. How the Iranians and Turanians fought a pitclie:
Battle 81
25. How
jibbed ......
Giv fought with Piran and how Giv's Horse
84
26.
27.
How
How
Eleven Rukhs .....
Gudarz and Piran arranged a Battle
Pir4n harangued his Men of Name

of
88
93
28. How Gudarz and Piran chose the Warriors for Ih
Battle of the Eleven Rukhs 95
29. How Fariburz fought with Kulbad 99
30. How Giv fought with Gurwi 99
31. How Guraza fought with Siyamak 100
32. How I'uruhil fought with Zangula lOI
33. How Ruhham fought with Barmin 102
34. How Bizhan fought with Ruin . 102
35. How Hajir fought with Sipahram 103
36. How Gurgin fought with .Andariman .
104
37. How Barta fought with Kuhram 105
38. How Zanga, Son of Shiwarin, fought with .\khAst 105
39. How Gudarz fought with I'irdn . . . . 106
Kai Khusrau — Vor.. IV
Part VI. The Battle of the Twelve Rukhs {continued)
—
SECT. PAGE
40. How Gudarz returned to the Warriors of Iran .
109
41. How Lahhak and Farshidward bewailed Pi'ran . 112
42. How Lahhak and Farshidward took the Road to
Tiiran . . . . .
.115 .
43- How Ciustaham pursued Fahhak and Farshidward 7 1 1
44. How Bi'zhan followed after Gustaham iiy

. . .
45- How Lahhak and Farshidward were slain by Gusta-

ham . . . . . ..121 .
46. How Bizhan beheld (iustaham in the Mead .123 .
47- How Kai Khusrau built a Charnel-house for Piran

and for thf other Chiefs of Tiiran, and how he
slew Gurwi the Son of Zira . .126
. .
48. How the Turanians asked Quarter of Kai Khusrau 129

49. How Bizhan returned with Gustaham. 132 . .
Part VII. The Great War of Kai Khusrau with

Afrasiyab —
I. In Praise of Sultan Mahmiid 139
2. How
How
Kai
Afrasiyab ......
Khusrau arrayed his Host against
Afrasiyab heard that Piran was slain and

145
that Kai Khusrau had arrayed his Host. 150

4- How Kai Khusrau had Tidings that Afrasiyab
advanced to fight with him. 157
5. How Shida came before his Father Afrasiyab 158
6. How Afrasiyab sent an Embassage to Kai Khusrau 161
How Kai Khusrau sent an Answer to Afrasiyab 168
......
7.
8. How Kai Khusrau fought with Shida the Son
Afrasiyab 171
9- How Shida was slain by Khusrau 175
10.
II.
12.
How Afrasiyab fled.....
How the Ba,ttle was joined between the Hosts
How Kai Khusrau announced his Victory to Kaiis
177
i>^3
185
13- How Afrasiyab went to Gang-bihisht 186
14. How Khusrau crossed the Jihiin 187
15.
16. How
second Time .....
How Kai Khusrau fought with Afrasiyab the
Afrasiyab took Refuge in Gang-bihisht
lyo
193
17. The Letter of Afrasiy4b to the Faghfur of Chin 196
18. How Kai Khusrau arrived before Gang-bihisht 198
19. How Jahn came to Kai Khusrau with an Embas
sage from Afrasiyab . 200
20. How Kai Khusrau made Answer to Jahn 204
21.
22. How
Gang-bihisht ....
How Kai Khusrau fought with Afrasiyab and took
Afr^siyib fled from Gang-bihisht
207
21
.......
I
23. How Kai Khusrau gave Quarter to the Family of

Afrasiyab 212
K \l KlIUSRAU —
Takt \"II. The Gkeat Wau, etc. {continued) — Vol IV.
.vr.K
24. How Kai Kliiisiau exhorted the Iranians 216

25.
26.
How
of his Victory to Kai Kai'is ....
Kai Kluisrau wrote a Letter with tlic News
How Kai Khusrau had Tidings of tlie Coming of

217
Afrdsiyab with the Host of the Faghfur. 219

27. The Message of .Vfrasiyiib to Kai Khusran ,221.
28. How the Iranians antl Turanians fc^tight 223

29.
....
How AfrasiyAb made a Night-attack upon K'ai
Khusrau and was def:;ated 224
30.
31.
Khusrau .......
How the Faghfur of Chin sent an Envoy to Kai
....
How Afrasiyab crossed the Sea
229
230
32.
33.
to Kai'is with a Letter .....
How Kai Khusrau sent the Prisoners and Tieasure
The Answer of Shah Kaiis to the Letter of Khusiau
232
34. The Embassage of Kai Khusrau to the Faghfur of

Chin and the King of Makran 238
35. How Kai Khusrau fought with the Iving of Makran
and how the King of Makran was slain 241
36. How Kai Khusrau crossed the Sea
37. How Kai Khusrau reached Gang-dizh. 247
38.
Siyawushgird ....
How Kai Khusrau returned from Gang-dizh to
250
39.
40.
How
How
Ivai
Land .....
Khusrau returned from
of Iran
Ti'iran
Kai Khusrau returned to his Grandsire

to the
256
41.
42.
How
of r'aridun .....
Afrasiyab was captured by Hum of the Race
How Afrasiyab escaped from Hum

259
261
43. How Kaus and Kluisrau came to Hum 264
44. How Afrasiyab was taken the second Time and
how he and Garsi'waz were slain . 266
45. How Kaus and Khusrau returned to Pars 269
46. The Death of Kai Kaus 270
How Kai Khusrau fell into Melancholy 272
......
47.
48. How the Nobles inquired why Khusrau had closed
his Court 275
49. How the frinians summoned Zal and Rustam 277
50. How Kai Khusrau saw Surush in a Dream . 280
51. How Zal admonished Kai Khusrau 282
52. How Kai Khusrau answered Zal. 284
53. How Zal rebuked Kai Khusrau. 2S6
54.
himself ......
How Kai Khusrau answered and how Z^l c^cused
288
55. How
Iranians ......
Kai Khusrau gcve his last Charge to th
291
56. How
Mandatary .....
Kai Khusrau apiiointcd Gudarz to be hi
294
Kai Khusrau —
Part VII. The Great War, elc. {continued)
— Voi.. IV
SECT. rAOK.
57. How Zal asked of Kai Khusrau a Patent for Rustam 296
58. How Kai Kausrau gave a Patent to Giv 298 . .
59. How Kai Khusrau gave a Patent to Tiis 299 . .
60. How Kai Khusrau gave the Kingship to Luhrasp. 300

6t. How Kai Khusrau farewelled his Women 304 . .
62.
63.
vanished in the Snow .....
How Kai Khusrau went to the Mountains and
How the Paladins were lost in the Snow .
303
.308
64. How Luhrasp had Tidings of the Disappearance
of Kai Khusrau . . . . .
.311
LuhrAsp—
1. How Luhrasp built a Fire-temple at Balkh . .
316
2. How Gushtasp quitted Luhrasp in Wrath .
.318
3.
4.
5.
How Gushtasp returned with Zarir
How Gushtasp set off for Rum
How Gushtasp arrived in Rum
....
....
. . .
320
323
324
6. How a Village-chief entertained Gushtasp .
.327
7. The Story of Katayun the Daughter of Caesar .
329
8. How Caesar gave Katdyiin to Gushtasp .
-331
9. How Mirin asked in Marriage Caesar's second
10.
11.
Daughter
How Gushtasp slew the Wolf
How Ahran asked Caesar's third Daughter
.... in
333
337
Marriage 34-
12. How Gushtasp slew the Dragon and how Caesar
gave his Daughter to Ahran. . . .
346
13. How Gushtasp displayed his Prowess upon the
Riding-ground . . . . . •
349
14. How Caesar wrote to llyas and demanded Tribute. 352
15. How Gushtasp fought with llyas and slew liim .
355
16. How Ca;sar demanded from Luhrasp Tribute for
fran 35^
17.
18.
How
How
Cajsar .......
Zarir carried a Message from Luhrasp to
Gushtasp returned with Zarir to the Land of

359
fran and received the Throne from Luhrasp .

361
Index .
367
VOLUME V
Abbreviations.
........
.......
I'AOE
5
3
THE KAIANIAN DYNASTY {continued)

Gushtasp —
Part I. The Coming of Zarduhsht and the War
with Arjasp —
SECT.
1. How Firdausi saw Daki'ki in a Dream. . .
30
2. How Luhiasp went to Balkh and Gushtasp sat
upon the Throne . . . .
Z^
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS I55
GushtAsp —
Part I. The Coming of Zarduhsht, clc. [continued)
— Vol. V
SKCT. PAOt:
3. How
accepted his livaiigul ....
Zarduhsht appeared and how Giishtasp
33
4.
5.
Iran .......
Mow Gushtasp refused to Arjasp the Tribute for
Hew Arjasp wrote a Letter to Gushtisp
35
37
6. How .\rjasp sent Envoys to Gushtasp. 4°
7. How Zarir made Answer to Arjasp 4-i
8. How the Envoys
Li-ttcr of GushtcLsp ....
returned to Arjasp with
How Gushtasp assembled his Troops

the
43
47
.......
.
9.
10. How Jamasp foretold the Issue of the Battle to
Gushtasp 48
1 1. How Gushtasp and ArjAsp arrayed their Hosts .
54
iz. The Beginning of the Battle between the franians
13.
.....
and Turanians, and how Ardshir, Shirii, and
Shidasp were skin
How Girami, Jamasp's Son, and Xfvzar w-ere slain
56
58
14. How Zari'r, the Brother of Gushtasp, was slain by
Bidirafsh Oi
15. How Asfandiyar heard of the Slaying of Zarir .
65
16. How Asfandiyar went to Battle with Arjasp . 66
17.
18. ...
How Nastiir and Asfandiyar slew Bidirafsh.
How Arjasp iied from the Battle
.
69
71
19.
20.
diyar .......
How the Turkmans received Quarter from Asfan-
...
How Gushtasp returned to Balkh
72
74
2 How Gushtasp sent Asfandiyar to all the Provinces,
.......
1 .
and how the Folk received from him the good

Religion 76
22.
23.
24.
How Gurazm spake Evil of Asfandiyar
How Jamasp came to Asfandiyar
How Gushtasp imprisoned Asfandiyar.
... .
.
.
.
78
80
82
25. How Gushtasp w-ent to Sistan and how Arjasp
arrayed his Host the second Time. . .
85
26. Words of Dakiki being ended, Firdausi
The
cising Dakiki ......

resumeth, praising Shah Mahmud and criti- 87
27. How the Host of Arjasp marched to Balkh and

how Luhrasp was slain .... 89
28. How Gushtasp

led his Army toward]?alkh ....
heard of the Slaying of Luhrasp and
93
29.
30.
How
How
How
Gushtasp was put to Flight by .\rjasp
Jamasp visited Asfandiyar.
Asfandiyar saw his Brother Farshidward
... .
96
98
103
........
.
31.
32. How Asfandiyar came to the Mountain to Gush-
tasp 106
33. How Gushtasp sent Asfandiyar the second Time
to fight Arjasp . . . . . . 1 1
)
GusHTASP^ Vol. V
Pakt II. The Story of the Seven Stages —
SECT. PAGE
1. The Praise of Mahim'ul the great King. . .118
The Seven Stages of Asfandiyar —
2. The First Stage : How Asfandiyar .slew two
Wolves iig
.......
. . . . . . .
3. The Second Stage : How Asfandiyar slew two

Lions 124
4. The Third Stage : How Asfandiyar slew a
Dragon . . . . . .
.125
5.
6.
The
The
Fourth
Witch
Fifth Stage
....
Stage:
:
How
How
Asfandivar
Asfandiyai
1
slew
slew
.. a
the
128
Simurgh . . . . . .
.131
7. The Sixth
Stage How Asfandiyar passed
:
through the Snow . . . .

.134
8. The Seventh Stage How Asfandiyar crossed the
:
River and slew Gurgsar .139 . . .
9. How Asfandiyar went to the Brazen Hold in the

Guise of a Merchant
10. How the Sisters of Asfandiyar recognised him
143
147
..... .
11. How Bishiitan assaulted the Brazen Hold

12. How Asfandiyar slew Arjasp
13. How Asfandiyar slew Kuhram
150
152 ....
. .
.
.
.
-155
14. How Asfandiyar wrote a Letter to Gu^lita.'^p and
his Answer . . . . .
.159
15. How Asfandiyar returned to Gushtasp . . 161
Part HI. The Story of Asfandiyar's Fight with

Rustam —
1. How Asfandiyar ambitioned the Throne and how
Gushtasp took Counsel with the Astrologeis. 167
2. How Asfandiyar demanded the Ivingdom from liis
Father .
.170
. . . . .
3. How Gushtasp answered his Son .172 . .
4. How Katayiin counselled Asfandiyar . .

.175
5. How Asfandiyar led a Host to Zabul . .
.177
6. How Asfandiyar sent Bahman to Rustam .
.179
7. How Bahman came to Zal. . . . . 1S2
8. How Bahman gave a Message to Rustam .
.184
9. How Rustam made Answer to Asfandiyar .
.187
ID. How Bahman returned . . . .
.190
ir. The Meeting of Rustam and AsfandiyAr .
.192
12. How Asfandiyar summoned not Rustam to the
Feast . . . . . .
.196
13. How Asfandiyar excused himself for not summon-
ing Rustam to the Feast .198
.......
. . .
I). Ilow Asfandiyar spake Shame of the Race of

Rustam 200
GusHTASP — Vol. V
Part III. The Story of Asfandiyar's Fight, e/c.
{continued)
— •
SKCT. I'AOK
13.
16.
How Rustam
How
answered
own Race and Deeds
Asfandiydr boasted of his Ancestry
.....
Asfandiyar, praising his
. .
202
204
17. How Rustam vaunted his Valour . . .
207
18. How Rustam drank wine with Asfandiyar . . 210
19. How Rustam returned to his Palace . .
.215
20. How Zal counselled Rustam . . . .218
21. How Rustam fought with Asfandiyar . . . 222
22. How the Sons of Asfandiyar were slain by Zawaia
and Faramarz . . . . .
.225
23. How Rustam fled to the Heights . . .
229
24. How Iûstam took Counsel with his Kin . .
234
25. How the Simurgh succoured Rustam . . .
235
26. How Rustam went back to fight Asfandiyar.
....... 240
.
27. How Rustam shot Asfandiyar in the Eyes with an

Arrow 243
28. How Asfandiyar told his last Wishes to Rustam. 247
29. How Bishutan bare the Coffin of Asfandiyar to
Gushtasp . . . . . .
.251
30. How Rustam sent Bahman back to fran . .
256
Part IV.
1. The Prelude .......
The Story of Rustam and Shaghad
261
~
2.
3.
How Rustam went
How
Brother Shaghad
to
.....
Kabul on behalf
the King of Kabul dug Pits in the Hunting-

of his
263
4.
ground
therein
and
.
How Rustam slew Shaghad and died

.....
how Rustam and Zawara
. .
fell
.
268
271
5. How Zal received News cf the Slaying of Rustam
and Zawara, and how Faramarz brought their
Coffins ami set them in the Charnel-house 273 .
6. How Faramarz led an Army to avenge Rustam and

slew the King of Kabul .276 . . .
7. How Rudaba lost her Wits through Mourning for

Rustam . . . . . . .
27S
8. How Gushtasp gave the Kingdom to Bahnian and
died . . . . . . .
.279
Bahman, Son of Asfandiy.4r —
1. How Bahman sought Revenge for the Death of
2.
3.
Asfandiyar
How Bahman put Z41 in Bontis
How Faramarz fought with Bahman
. .
....
. .
and was put

.
.283
285
to Death 287
4. How Bahman released Z41 and returned to fran . 288
5. How Bahman married his own Daughter Humdi
and appointed his Successor. . . .
290
HumAi— Vol. V
SFX'T. PAGE
1.
2.
Farat in an Ark ......
How Humai cast away her Son Dar^b on the River
How the Laundercr brought up Darab.
294
296
. .
3. How Darab questioned the Launderer's Wife about
4.
....
his Parentage, and how he fought against the
Riimans
How Rashnawad learned the Case of Darab
300
302
5. How Darab fought against the Host of Rum 305
6. How Humai recrgnised her Son. 307
7. How Humai seated Darab upon the Throne 309
Index 313
VOLUME VI
....
........
Genealogical Table of the Sasanians
PAGE
Abbreviations.
Note on Pronunciation ....... 3
5
8
THE KAIAnIAN dynasty (concluded)

DArAb—
1. How Darab built the City of Darabgird . . 20
2. How Darab defeated the Host of Shu'ib 21
......
. .
3 How Darab fought with Failakiis and took to Wife

his Daughter 22
4. How Darab sent back the Daughter of Failakiis
to Riim, and how Sikandar was born . .
25
Dara, Son of Darab —

1. How Dara
......
harangued the Chiefs and took Order
for the Realm 34
tc the ......
2. The Death of Failakiis and Sikandar 's Accession
Throne
3.
4.
How
How
Dara .......
Sikandar went as his own Ambassador
Dara fought with Sikandar and was worsted.

to
35
38
42
5. How Dara fought with Sikandar the second Time. 43
6. How
and how Dara fled to Kirman ...
Sikandar fought with Dara the third Time,
46
7.
8. How Dara was slain by his Ministers ...
How Dara wrote to Sikandar to propose Peace .
49
9.
10. How
died ........
How Dara told his last Wishes to Sikandar and
Sikandar wrote to the Nobles of Irin . .
50
52
57
Sikandar —
1. How Sikandar sat upon the Throne of fran . .
85
2. How Sikandar wrote to Dilarai and Riishanak,
Nuptials of Riishanak. ....

the Wife and Daughter of Dara, touching the
85
SiKANDAR {continued)
— Vol. VI
SECT. PAGK
3. How Dilarai answered the Letter of Sikandar .
87
4. How Sikandar sent his Mother, Nahid, to fetch
Rushanak, and how he married her . .
89
5. How Kaid of Hind had a Dream, and how Mihran
interpreted it . . . . . , gi
6. How
wrote a Letter to him .....
Sikandar marched against Kaid of Hind and
How Kaid of Hind answered Sikandar's Letter

98
7.
8. How
and announced the
Wonders ....... Sending
Sikandar sent back the Messenger to receive

of the Four
99
the Four Wonders . . . . .100

9. How Sikandar sent Ten Sages with a Letter to
inspect tlie Four Wonders of Kaid of Hind . 10 1
10. How the Ten Sages brought the Daughter, the Cup,
11.
......
the Leech, and the Sage, from Kaid of Hind
to Sikandar
How Sikandar tested the Sage, the Leech, and the
103
Cup sent by Kaid of Hind . . .

.104
12. How Sikandar led a Host against Fur of Hind
and wrote a Letter to him .110 . . .
13. How Fur answered the Letter of Sikandar iii . .
14. How Sikandar arrayed his Host to fight with Fur

of Hind and made iron Steeds and Riders filled
with Naphtha . . .112
. . .
15. How the Host of Sikandar fought with the Host

of Fiir, how Fiir was slain by Sikandar, and
how Sikandar seated Sawurg upon the Throne
of Fiir . . . . . . .116
16. How Sikandar went on a Pilgrimage to the House
of the Kaaba . . . . .
.119
17. How Sikandar led his Troops from Judda toward
Misr .121
......
. . . . . . .
18. Sikandar's Letter to Kaidafa, Queen of Andalus,

and her Answer 123
ig. How Sikandar led his Troops to Andalus and took
the Hold of King Fary4n . . .
.124
20. How Sikandar went as an Ambassador to Kaidafa
and was recognised by her .127
. . .
21. How Kaidafa counselled Sikandar .132 . .
22. How Tainiish, the Son of Kaidafa, was wroth with

Sikandar, and how Sikandar took Precaution
against him . . . . .
.134
23. How
Sikandar made a Compact with Kaidafa and
returned to his Troops. .138 . . .
24. How Sikandar went to the Country of the Brah-

mans, iii(]uired into tlu-ir Mysteries, and
received an Answer .143
, . . .
i6o GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
SiKANDAR (continued)
— Vol. VI
SECT. I'AUK
25. How Sikandar came to the Western Sea and saw
Wonders . . . . . .
.147
26. How Sikandar reached the Land of Habash,
fought, and was victorious . . .
.149
27. How
Sikandar reached the Land of the Narmpai,
how he fought and was victorious, how he
slew a Dragon, ascended a Mountain, and was
forewarned of his own Death .150 . .
28. How Sikandar reached the City of Women, named

Harum, and saw Wonders there . . .
153
29. How Sikandar went into the Gloom to seek the
Water of Life and spake with Birds and
Israfi'l . . . . . .
.159
30. How
Sikandar went to the East, saw Vv'oadeis, and
built a Barrier against Yajuj and Majiij .163 .
31. How Sikandar saw a Corpse in a Palace of Jewels

on the Top of a Mountain, and the Speaking
Tree, and how he was warned of his Death 66 . 1
32. How Sikandar marched his Army to Chin, carried

his own Letter to Faghfiir, and returned to
his Army wich the Answer .169. . .
33. How Sikandar returned from Chin, made War

against the Sindians, and went to Yaman i
74 .
34. How
Sikandar marched toward Babil and found
the Treasure of Kai Khusrau in a City 1
76 . .
35. How Sikandar went to the City of Babil, wrote a

Letter to Arastalis, and received his Answer 1
78 .
36. Sikandar's I etter to his Mother .181 . . .
37. How Sikandar's Life ended and how they carried

his Coffin to Iskandan'ya . . .
.183
38. How the Sages and other Folk lamented Sikandar 185
39. How the Mother and Wife of Sikandar lamented
him . . . . . . .
.187
40. Firdausi's Complaint of the Sky and Appeal to God 189
THE ASHKANL\N dynasty

SECT.
1.
2.
The Praise of Mahm lid
The Tribal Kings .
.....
. . . . .210
207
3. How Papak saw Sasan in a Dream and gave him

a Daughter in Marriage .211 . . .
4. How Ardshir Papakdn was born, and of his Case

with Ardawan . . .213 . . .
5. How Ardawdn's Slave-girl fell in Love with

Ardshir and how he fled with her to Pars. 217 .
6. How Ardawan heard of the Flight of Ardshir with

the Damsel and pursued them .220 . .
7. How .\rdawan wrote to Bahman, his Son, to take

Ardshir 223
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS i6i
The Ashkanian Dynasty [continued)

—Vol. VI
SKCT. PACK
8. How Tabcik helped Ardshir, fought
and conquered him
with
.....
Bahman,
9. How Anlawan led forth his Host for Battle with

225
Ardshir and was slain .

.227
. . .
10. How .'Vrdshir fought with the Kurds and was

defeated .230
......
. . . . . .
11. How Ardshir attacked the Kurds by Night and

overthrew them 232
12. The Story of Haftwdd and the Case of the Worm 232 .
13. How Ardshir fought with Haftw4d and was worsted 236
Ardshir .......
14. How Mihrak of Jahram sacked the Palace of
15. How Ârdshir heard about the Worm and made

237
16. How
Shift to slay
Ardshir slew Haftwad
it . .
....
. . .
.239
244
THE SAsANIAN dynasty

Ardshir Papakan —
SECT.
1.
2.
How
fJaghdad .......
Ardshir Papakan sat upon the Throne in
The Case of Ardshir and the Daughter of Ardawan

258
259
3. How Shapiir was born to Ardshir by the Daughter
of Ardawin, and how after seven Years Ard-
shir heard of his Son and acknowledged him. 261
4. How Ardshir, to find out the Future of his Reign,
sent to Kaid of Hind, and Raid's Reply . . 266
5. The Adventure of Shapur with the Daughter of
Mihrak, and his taking her to Wife 268
.......
. .
6. How Urmuzd was born to Shdpiir by the Daughter

of Mihrak 271
7. Of the Wisdom of Ardshir and his Method of
administering the Realm .273
. . .
8. How Kharrad praised Ardshir . .284

. .
9. On the Faithlessness of Fortune. 285. . .
10. How Ardshir charged Shapur and died. 286 . •
1 1.
Thanksgiving to the Maker and Praise of Mahmiid,
the great King . . . .291
. .
Shapur, Son of AuDSufR — -
1. How Shapur sat upon the Throne and delivered

a Charge to the Chieftains
2. How Shapur fought with the Riimans, how Baz-
.... 295
dnush, their General, was taken Priscncr, and

how Cajsar made Peace with Shdpiir . . 296
3. How Shapur seated I'rmuzd upon tlieThrone and
died . . . . . . . .
299
Vol. IX L
1 62 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
Urmuzd, Son of Shapur — Vol. VI
SECT. TACJE
1. How Urmuzd addressed the Assembly. . •
302
2. How Urmuzd gave up the Throne to Bahram,
charged him, and died . . . . .
303
Baiiram, Son of Urmuzd —

I. How Bahram succeeded
the Nobles, and died .....
to the Throne, charged
307
BahrAm, Son of Bahram —

I. How Bahram, Son of Bahram, ascended the
Throne, charged the Nobles, and died .
.311
Bahram Bahramiyan —
I. How Bahram Bahramiyan succeded to the Throne
and died four Months aftfr -313 . . .
NARsf, Son of Bahram —

I. How Narsf succeeded to the Throne, counselled his
Son, and died . .
'315 . . .
Urmuzd, Son of Narsi —

I. How Urmuzd, Son of Narsi, ascended the Throne,
and how his Life ended . . .
.31(8
Shapur, Son of Urmuzd, surnamed Zu'l AktAf—

1. How Shapur, Son of Urmuzd, was born forty dnys
after his Father's Death, and how he was
crowned . . . . . .
.328
2. How Tair, the Arab, carried of? the Daughter of
Narsi and married her, how Shapur went to
How
Yaman to fight him, and how his Daughter
fell in Love with Shapur
Tair was bemused by his Daughter and how
.... 330
.......
3.
she came to Shapur, who took the Hold and
slew Tair 333
4. How Shapur went disguised as a Mci chant to Riim,
5.
how he was taken by
ravaged the Land of fran
How the Damsel took Measures to free Shapur, ard
....
Caesar, and how Caesar
335
how he Red with her from Rum . . .

339
6. How the High Priest and the Captain of the Ho=t,
hearing of
with the Troops ......
Shapi'jr's Arrival, went to him
345
7.
8.
How
was taken .......
Shapur made a Night-attack, and how Ca?sar
How Shai)ur went to Riim and foiight willi Yanus,

346
Caesar's Brother . . . . .
'351
9. How the Rumans placed Bazanush upon the
Throne of Cajsar
the Answer. ...... ; his Letter to Shapur and
3p3
GENERAL TABLE 01- CONTENTS 163
Shapur, Son of Urmuzd, {continued)
— Vol. VI
PAGE
SECT.
11. How
.......
10. How BazAniish went to Shapur and* made a Treaty
cf Peace
JMani, the Painter, came to
335
Shapur with Pre-
was sld in
tence of being a Prophet, and . .
358
12. How Shapur made his Brother Ardshir Regent till
ended .......
his own Son should grow up, and how his Days
360
Ardshir, Brother of Shapur —

I. How Ardshir sat
.....
upon the Throne and gave a
Charge to the Officers 363
Shapur, Son of ShapiJr—

I. How Shapur, Son of Shapur, sat upon the Tlirone
and gave a Charge to the Officers . . .
365
Bah RAM, Son of Shapur —

I. How Bahram sat
Charge to the Officers .....
upon the Throne and gave a
368
Yazdagird, Son of ShapiJr —

1.
2.
Charge to the Officers .....
Hov/ Yazdagird sat upon tlie Throne and gave a
How Bahram Gur, Son of Yazdagird, was born and

374
sent to be brought up by Munzir, the Aiab .

375
3. How Bahram went to the Chase svith a Damsel and
how he displayed his Accomplishment . .
382
4.
5.
Chase before Munzir .....
How Bahram showed his Accomplishment in the
How Bahram came with Nu'man to Yazdagird .
384
386
6. How Yazdagird put liahram in Bonds, how he
7.
....
escaped by the good Offices of Tainiish, and
how he returned to Munzir
How Yazdagird, by the Advice of an Archmage,
389
went to the Spring of Sav and was killed by

a Water-horse . . . . . .
30i
8.
rau upon the Throne .....
How the Iranians took Counsel and placed Khus-
394
10.
9.
and invaded fran .....
How Baliram Gi'ir heard of the Death of his I-'ather
Tfow the Iranians heard of Bahram's Pillaging
395
and wrote to Munzir, and how he replied .

397
11. How Bahram Gur arrived at Jahram with the Host
12.
him ........
of Munzir, and how the Iranians went out to
How Bahram Gur harangued the frdnians as to his

400
Fitness to rule, how they rejected him but

promised him the Kingship if he would take
the Crown from between the Lions .402.
iG.j GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
Yazdagird, Son of Shapur {continued)
— Vol. VI
SECT. PACiE
13. How Bahram and Khusrau went to the Waste, and
Index .
how Bahram
upon the Throne
. . ,
.....
slew the Lions and took his Seat
409
413
VOLUME VII
Prefatory Note ........

........
PAGE
v
Abbreviations.
Note on Pronunciation ....... xvi
xviii
THE SAsANIAN dynasty {continued)
BahrAm Gur —
sect.
1. How Bahram ascended the Throne, charged the
Officers,and wrote Letters to all the Chiefs .
7
2. How Bahram pardoned the Fault of the Iranians,
3.
farewelled Munzir and Nu'man, and remitted
the Iranians' Arrears of Taxes
How Bahram went to the House of Lambak, the
... 9
Water-carrier, and became his Guest . . 12

4. How Bahram went to the House of Baraham, the
Jew, who treated him scurvily . . .16
5. How Bahram bestowed the Wealth of Baraham
upon Lambak .19
.......
. . . . .
6. How Bahram slew Lions and forbade Wine-

drinking 21
7.
8.
The Story of the young Shoemaker and how
Bahram allowed Wine again .
How Riizbih, Bahram's High Priest, ruined a

... 24
Village by a Stratagem and restored it . . 26

9- How Bahram married a Country Miller's Daughters 31
10.
1 1.
How Bahram found the Treasures of Jamshid and
bestowed them upon the Poor
How Bahram, returning from Hunting, went to the
... 34
House of a Merchant and departed displeased 39
.......
.
12. How Bahram slew a Dragon and went to a Yokel's

House 42
13.
14.
How Bahram went to the
Daughters of the Thane Barzin
How Bahram
slew Lions, went to the House of a
...
Chase and espoused the
48
Jeweller, and married his Daughter. . .

55
15. How Bahram went to the Chase and passed the
Night in the House of Farshidward . .
67
16. How a Bramble-grubber revealed the Case of
Farshflward, and how Bahram bestowed
that Householder's Wealth upon the Poor .
70
JjAiiUAM GuR {continued) — -
Vol. VII
SECT. rAi;K
17. How IJaliiain went to the Chase ami slow Lions .
74
18. How Jialire'im went to hunt the Onager, showed
19.
.....
liis Skill before the Princes, and retuined to
Baghdad and Istakhr

How the Khan of Chin led forth a Host to war
So
with Bahrain, and how the frdnians asked

Quarter of the Kh4n and submitted to him .
84
20.
21.
took him
How
.......
How Bahram attacked the Host of the Khan and
Bahrain took a Pledge from the Tur;mians,
89
how he set up a Pillar to delimit the Realm,

and placed Shahra upon the Throne of Turan. 90
22. How Bahram wrote to announce his Victory to his
Brother Narsi and returned to Iran 92
.......
. .
23. How Bahram wrote a Letter of Directions to his

Officials 96
24. How Bahram called before him the Envoy of Cajsar,
and how the Envoy questioned and answered
the Archmages . . . ..101
.
25. How Bahram dismissed Caesar's Envoy and

charged his own Officials . . . .106
26. How Bahram went with his own Letter to Shangul
King of Hind . . . . .
.109
27. HowShangul received the Letter from Bahram
and made Reply . . .
.114
.
28. How Shangul prepared a Feast for Bahram, and

how Bahram displayed his Prowess 116
. .
29. How Shangul suspected Bahram and kept him from

Iran . . . . . . . .118
30. How Bahram fought with the Wolf at the Bidding
of Shangul and slew it . . . .121
.
31. How Bahram slew a Dragon . .

.124
.
32. How Shangul became troubled about Bahram and

gave a Daughter to him . . .126
.
33. How Faghfiir of Chin wrote to Bahram and how

he replied . . . . . .
.129
34.
35.
How Bahram
Daughter of Shangul .....
from Hindustan to fran with the
fled
How Shangul followed Bahram, learned who he

131
was, and was reconciled to him . . •

I35
36. How Shangul went back to Hind and Bahram to
Iran 137
37. How
Shangul with seven Kings visited Bahram 140 .
38. HowShangul returned to Hindustan, and how

Bahram remitted the Property-tax to the
Land-owners . . .
.144
. .
39. How Bahrim summoned Gipsies from Hindustan 14S .
40. How the Time of Bahrim came to an End 150

. .
i66 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
Yazuagird, Son of Bahram Gur — \'oL. VII
SKCT. I'AGK
I. How "\'azdagir<l sat upon the Throne and exhorted
the Captains of the Host . . . • 1
54
HURMUZ — -
I. How Hurmuz, Son of Yazdagird, ascended the

Throne . . . . . .
.157
PiRiiz —
1. Flow Piriiz sat upon the Throne and made an
Oration . . . . . . .161
2. How Piriiz the Cities of Piruz-Ram and
built
Badan-Piruz, and how he went to war with
Turan 163
3. The Letter of Khu.shnawaz to I'lriiz .165 . .
4. How Piriiz fought with Khiishnawaz and was

slain . . . . . . .
.167
Balash —
1. How Balash ascended the Throne and harangued
the Iranians . . . . .
.171
2. How had Tidings of the Slaying of Piriiz,
Siifarai
how he wrote a Letter to Khiishnawaz, and
how Khiishnawaz replied .173 . . .
3. How Siifarai fought with Khiishnawaz, and how

Kubad was released from his I jondage .176 .
KuBAD, Son of Piruz — •
1. How Kubad sat upon the Throne and made an

Oration to the franians . . . . 18S
2. How went to Shiraz, how the Iranians
Siifarai
slandered him to Kubad, and how Kubad slew
him 190
3. How the Iranians put Kubad in Bonds and com-
mitted him to Rizmihr, the Son of Siifarai,
and how Jamasp, the Brother of Kubad, was
set upon the Throne -195. . . .
4. How Kubad escaped from Rizmihr, Ward with

how he wedded the Daughter of a Thane, and
how he took Refuge with the Haitalians 197 .
5. How Kubad returned from Haitdl to Iran, how

he had Tidings of the Birth of his Son, Niishir-
wan, and reascended the Throne .199 . .
6. The Story Kubdd and Mazdak, and how Kubad

of
adopted the h'aith of Mazdak . . . 201
7.
8.
How Nushirwan rejected the Faith of Mazdak and
How
slew him and his Followers
Kubad nominated Kisri as Successor;
.... 205
Niishfrwan ......
and how the Great gave him the name of
209
GENERAL TAI^LE OF CONTENTS 167
Ni^sHfRwAN — Vol. VII
TAKr I. Nushirwan's Administration of the
Realm, his Wars with Frontier-Tribes
and with kum, and the revolt of
NUSHZAD
8KCT. PAOE^
1. The Prelude 220
2. How Nushirwdn ascended the Thruiie and made
an Oration to the Iranians . .221
. .
3. How Nushirwdn divided his Realm into four

Parts and wrote a Decree to his Officers on
the Administration of Justice .224
. .
4. How Nushirwan required Babak to muster the

Host 230
5. How Niishi'rwan harangued the franians, and how
the Kings acknowledged his Supremacy. 234 .
6. How Nushirwan went round his Empire and built

a Wall in the Pass between Iran and Turin .
236
7.
8.
of Baliich and Gilan .....
How Nushirwan chastised the Alans anil the Men
How Munzir, the Arab, came to Nushirwan for
239
Succour against the Injustice of Caesar . .

244
The Letter Shah Nushirwan to Caesar of Rum
of 247
......
.
g.
10. How the Letter of Nushirwan reached Caesar and
how he replied 248
11. How Nushirwan went to war with Caesar . .
249
12. How Nushirwan took divers Strongholds in his
March to Rum . . . • . •
-54
13. The Battle of Nushirwan with Farfuriyus, the
Leader of Caesar's Host, the Victory of Nushir-
14. How
kiya ........
wan, and his Capture of Kaliniyiis and Anta-
Nushirwan built the City of Zib-i-Khusrau in

255
the Likeness of Antakiya and settled the

Riiman Captives therein . .
259 . .
15. How Caesar wrote to Nushirwan and sent Tribute 261 .
16. The Birth of Nushzid, the Son of Nushir\van, by a

Woman who was a Christian .263
. .
17. The Sickness of Nushirwan and the Sedition of

Nushzad 265
iS. The Letter of Nushirwan to Ram Barzin, the
19.
....
Warden of the March of Mada'in, respecting
the Taking of Nushzad
How Ram Barzin fought with NushzAd, and how
2G7
Nushzad was slain . .

.272
. .
Part The Story of Buzurjmihr and the

1 1.
Seven T3anquets of NusniRWAN —

I. How Nushirwan had a Dream and how Buzurjmihr
it . • . 2S1
interpreted . . .
i68 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
NuSufRWAN
Part II. The Story of Buzurjmihr, etc. (continued)
—Vol. VII
SKCT. I'.VOK
2. The fir.-;t
Banquet
the Counsels of Buzurjmihr ....
of Niishirwan to the Sages, and
3. The second Banquet of Niishirwan to Buzurjmihr

287
and the Archimages . . . .

.290
4. The
third Banquet of Niishirwan to Biizurjmiiir
and the Archimages ... . . .
296
5. The fourth Banquet of Niishirwan to Buzurjmihr
and the Arcliimages . . . . .
30 1
and the Archimages .....

6. The fifth Banquet of Niishirwan to Buzurjmihr
304
and the Archimages .....

7. The sixth Banquet of Niishirwan to
8. The seventh Banquet of Niishirwan to

Buzurjmihr
Biizurjmihr
307
and the Archimages . . . .

.312
Part III. The Story of Mahbud and other
Matters —
SECT.
1. The Story of Mahbiid, the Wazir of Niishirwan,
and how Mahbiid and his Sons were slain by
the Sorcery of Ziiran and a Jew -318 . .
2. How the Sorcery of Ziiran and the Jew in the

Matter of Mahbud was discovered, and how
both were slain by Command of Niishirwan 323 .
3. In Praise of the Wisdom of Niishirwan, and how

he built the City of Siirsan .
.326 . .
4. The Story of the War of the Khan with Ghatkar,

the Prince of the Haitalians, the Defeat of
the Throne ......

Ghitkar, and how they set Faghanish upon
5. How Niishirwan had Tidings of the Battle of the

328
Khan with the Haitalians and how he led a

Host against the Khan ....
6. How the Khan had Tidings of the Coming of the
333
Host of Niishirwan to Gurgan and wrote a

Letter in the Cause of Peace ....
7. How Niishirwan answered the Letter of the Khan
337
342
8. How the Khan bethought himself and wrote offer-
ing his Daughter in Marriage to Niishirwan .

345
9. How Niishirwdn answered the Letter, and sent
of the Khan ......

Mihran Sitad to see and fetch the Daughter
10. How the Kh4n sent his Daughter, escorted by

349
NiishirwAn ......
Mihran, with a Letter and Treasures to
11. How the Kh4n witlidrew, and how Niishirwcin

354
marched from tiurgan to Taisafiin . .

358
12. Discourse on the Justice of Niishirwan and how
Mortals had Peace under his Usages . .
364
NusIlfRWAN
Part 111. The Story or MAiiisun, clc. {continued)-- Vol. VII
i--\t-i'^
si;cT. ,.
13. How Buzurjinihr counselled Nuslnrwan uiul dis-

coursed on good Deeds and \Vords. . .
3O6
Part IV. The Introduction of the Game of Chess

INTO Iran. The Legend of the Inven-
tion OF the Game. The Discovery of
the Hook of Kalii.a and Dimna
2.
Nushirwin ......
1. How the Kaja of Hind sent the Game of Chess
How Buzurjmihr invented Nard, and how Niishir-

to
3^^4
wan sent it with a Letter to the Raja of Hind .

389
3. The Story of Gav and Talhand, and the Invention
of Chess 394
4. How Niishirwan sent Barzwi, the Leech, to Hin-
dustan to fetch a wondrous Drug, and how
Index
.......
Barzwi brought back the Book of Kalila and
,......••• Dimna 423

433
VOL. VIII
Abbreviations ........
......
page
xv
xvi
THE S.isANIAN DYNASTY (continued)

Ni!fshir\v.4n (continued) —
Part V. The Fall and Restoration to Favour of
Buzurjmihr, and the Wisdom of Nush-
Irwan —
sect.
1.
2.
How
ordered him to be put in Ward ...
Nushirsvan was wroth with Buzurjmihr and
How the Ambassador of Caesar came to Niishirwan

4
with a locked Casket and how Biizurjmihr

was set at large to declare its Contents . . 8
3. Discourse on the Responses of Niishirwan . .

14
Niishirwan's Letter of Counsel to his Son Hurmuzd 25
4.
5.
he made Answer ......
How an Archmage questioned Niishirwan and how
28
Part VI. The Shah's last Years—

1.
2. How
Caesar .......
How Niishirwan made ready to
Niishirwin took the Stronghold of Sakila

war against
43
and how a Shoemaker had Dealings with him .

46
3. How the Envoys of C;csar came to Niishirwan
witliApologies and Presents. . .
.51
A. How Niishirwan chose Hurmuzd as his Successor. 54
lyo GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
Nlisiiirwan —
Part VI. Tiik S iah's Last Years {conti)nied)
— Vol. VIII
......
SECT. I-AGE
5. How the Archimages qiicstioned Hunmizd and
how he repHed 57
6. How Nushirwan appointed llurmuzd as his Suc-
cessor and gave him parting Counsels . . 61
How Nushirwan had a Dream and how Buzurjmihr
......
7.
interpreted it as signifying the Appearance of
Muhammad 66
HuRMUZD, Son of Nijfshirwan

1. The Prelude .......
—
77
2.
3.
the Chiefs
How Hurmuzd
.......
How Hurmuzd ascended the Throne and harangued
slew fzid Gashasp, Zarduhsht,
78
Simah Barzfn, and Bahram Azarniihan, his

Father's Ministers . . . . .81
4. How Hurmuzd turned from Tyranny to Justice .
90
5. How Hosts gathered from all Sides against Hur-
muzd, and how he took Counsel with his
Wazirs .92
......
. . . . . .
6. How Hurmuzd heard of Bahram Chiibina and

sent for him 96
7.
8.
How Bahram
made
How Bahram
Chubi'na came to
Captain of the Host ....
Hurmuzd and was
Chubina went with twelve thousand

100
Cavaliers to fight King Sawa .106

. .
9. How King Sawa sent a Message to Bahram

Chubina and his Answer .
.113
. .
10. How King Sawa and Bahram Chubina set the

Battle in Array against each other. 115 . .
1 1 . How King Sawa sent another Message to Bahram

Chubina and his Answer .
.117
. .
12. How Bahram Chubina had a Dream in the Night,

how he gave Battle the next Morning, and
how King Sawa was slain . .121
. .
13. How Bahram Chubina sent a Letter announcing his

Victory, and the Head of King Sawa, to Hur-
muzd, and his Answer . .
.129
. .
14. How Bahram Chubina fought with Parmuda. Son

of King Sawa, and overcame him, and how
Parmuda took Refuge in the Hold of Awaza 134 .
15. How Bahram Chubina sent a Message to Parmuda

and how Parmuda asked Quarter .
138 . .
16. How Bahram Clu'ibina asked of Hurmuzd a War-

rant to spare the Life of Parmuda and the
Answer . . . . .141
. .
17. How Hurmuzd's Letter, granting Quarter to Par-

muda, reached Bahram Chubina, and how
Bahram Chubina was wroth with Parmuda 143 .
HuRMUZD, Son of NusnfRWAN {conliniied)

— Vol. VIII
SKi-T. '"Ati '•:
18. How
Parmrida came before llurmuzii with llie
Treasures sent by Hiihraiii Clii'il)ina . . 1
49
19. How Iliinmizd hoard of tlie Ill-doing of Hahrani
Chubina and made a Compact with the Khan 151
20. How Hnrmuzd wrote a chiding Letter to Bahram
Chubi'na and sent him a Distaff-case, Cotton,
and Women's Raiment .
-153 . .
21. How^ Bahram Chubina ]nit on the Woman's Dress

and showed himself therein to the Chiefs of the
Host 134
22. How Bahram Chubina went to hunt and saw a
Lady who foretold the Future to him .156 .
23. How Bahram Chubina assumed the royal Style

and how Kharrad, Son of Barzin, and the
Archscribc fled . . . . . •
15'*^
24. How Hnrmuzd News of ]5ahram Chi'i-

received
bina's Doings, and how Bahram Chubina sent a
Frail of Swords to Hurmuzd . .160 . .
25. How Bahram Chubina made known to the Chiefs

his Designs upon the Throne, and how his
Sister Gurdya advised him . .163 . .
26. Bahram Chiibina's Letter to the Khan and how he

coined Money ^vith the name of Khusrau
Parwiz and sent it to Hurmuzd .172 . .
27. How Bahram Chubina wrote to Hurmuzd and how

Khusrau Parwiz fled from his Father .
-173
28. How Hurmuzd sent Ayin Gashasp with an Army
to fight Bahram Chubina and how he was slain
by his Comrade . . . .
.177
29. How Hurmuzd grieved, refused Audience to the
Iranians, and was blinded by Bandwi and
Gustaham . . . . . • .182
Parwiz heard of the Blinding of
•
.
. •
.184
.
• .
.196
Parwiz sat upon the Throne and
made an Oration . . . . .
-197
3. How Khusrau Parwiz visited his Father and asked
Forgiveness . . . . • .198
4. How Bahram Chubina heard of the Minding of 1
Shah Hurmuzd and how he led his Troops

against Khusrau Parwiz .... 200
5.
6.
and parleyed ....••
>Iow Khusrau Parwiz and Bahram Chubina met
How Bahram Chubina and Khusrau Parwiz

204
returned, how Ciurdya advised Bahram Chu-

bina, and how Khusrau Parwiz told his Pur-
pose to the Iranians . . . • .220
KiiusRAU Parwiz {coiilinited)
— Vol. VIII
SECT. _
I'AGE
7. How Bahrain ChubiiKt attacked the Army of
Khusrau Parwiz by Night and how Khusrau
Parwiz fled . . . .226
. .
8. How Khusrau Parwiz went to his Sire and fled to

Riim, and how Hurmuzd was slain 230 . .
9. How Bahram Chubina sent Troops after Khusrau

Parwiz and how Bandwi contrived to rescue
him from tlicir Hands. .
.233
. .
10. How Balrram, the Son of Siyawush, took Bandwi

and carried him to Bahram Chubina 237 . .
11. How Bahram Chubina summoned the Magnates of

fran, how they discussed his Pretensions to
12.
.......
the Kingdom, and liow he acceded to the
Tlirone
How Bandwi plotted with Bahram, the Son of Siya-
239
13.
wush, to slay Bahram Chubina, and how
Bandwi fled from Bond
How Khusrau Parwiz went toward Riim by the
.... 245
14.
.....
Desert-route and how a Hermit told him of
the Past and Future
How a Cavalier of Caesar came to Khusrau Parwiz
249
and how he sent an Answer by Gustaham,
15.
.....
Balwi, Andiyan, Kharrad, Son of Barzin, and
Shapur to Csesar. 257
How Caviar answered the Letter of Kliusrau Parwiz 2G0
16. How Caesar wrote to Khusrau Parwiz, declining to
help him, and his Answer . . . .261
17. How Caesar wrote the second Time to Khusrau
Parwiz about giving him Aid 264
.......
. . .
18. How Khusrau Parwiz answered Caesar about the

Alliance 269
19. How Cresar made
a Talisman and deceived the
Envoys of Khusrau Parwiz, and how Kharrad,
Son of Barzin, solved the Mystery 271 . . .
20. How Kharrad, Son of Barzin, expounded the

Faith of the Indians and exhorted Caesar 275 .
21. How Caesar sent a Host and his Daughter to Khus-

rau Parwiz. . .
.278
. . .
22. How Khusrau Parwiz led his Host to Azar Abada-

gan and how Bandwi met him on the Way . 281
23. How Bahram Chubina had Tidings of the Coming
of Khusrau Parwiz and wrote a Letter to the
Chiefs of fran, and how the Letter fell into the
Hands of Khusrau I'arwiz and his Answer .
284
24. How Khusrau Parwiz fought with Bahram Chu-
bina and how Kut, the lûnian, was slain . 288
25. How Khusrau I'arwiz fought with I'ahram Chu-
bina the second Time, was defeated, and
escaped from him by the Help of Surush . . 292
Khusrau Parw/z [continued)
— Vol. VIII
8KCT. I'ACK
26. How Khusrau Parwi'z fought the third Time with
Bahram Chubina and defeated him . .
300
27. I low Khusrau Parwiz sent an Army under Nastuh
after Baliram Chi'ibina, and how Bahram

Chubina captured liim and reached the Khan
of Chin .
303
28. How Khusrau Prrwiz pillaged the Camp of Bah-
ram Chubina and wrote a Letter to Ca>sar who
answered it with a Robe of Honour and Gifts 306
29. How Niyatus was wroth with Bandwi and how
Maryam made Peace between them . .
309
30. How Khusrau Parwiz gave Presents to Niyatus
and the Rumans, how he dismissed them to
Riim, and wrote Patents for the Nobles of Iran 312
31. Firdausi's Lament for the Death of his Son . •
3'5
32. The Story of Bahram Chubina and the Khan of
Cliiu i^d
33. How
Makatiira was slain by Bahram Chubina 320 .
34. Howthe Lion-ape slew a Daughter of the Khan,

how it was slain by Bahram Chubina, and how
the Khan gave him a Daughter and the King-
dom of Chin . . . . 3-- . •
35. How Khusrau Parwiz heard of the Case of Bahram

Chubina and wrote a Letter to the Khan, and
how he replied . . . -3-7
• •
36. How Khusrau Parwiz sent Kharrad, Son of Barzin,

to the Khan and how he schemed to slay Bah-
ram Chubina . . . . •
'331
37. How Bahram Chubina was slain by Kuliin as
Kharrad, Son of Barzin, had planned . .
336
38. Plow the Khan had Tidings of Bahram Chiibina's
Death and how he destroyed the House and
Family of Kuliin . . . . •
343
39. How Khusrau Parwiz had Tidings of the Slaying of
Bahram Chubina and honoured Kharrad, Son
of Barzin . . . . .
3-15
40. How the Khan sent his Brother to Gurdya, the
Sister of Bahram Chiibina, with a Letter
touching her Brother's Death and asking her
and her Answer
in iMarriago as his (,_)ueen, .
346
41. How Gurdya consulted her Nobles and fled from
Marv 349
42. How the Khan received Tidings of the Flight of
(hirdya and how he sent Tuwurg with an Army
after her, and how Gurdya slew Tuwurg. .
351
43. How Gurdya wrote to Gurdwi . . . .
354
44. How Khusrau Parwiz slew Bandwi . . .
354
45. How Gustaham rebelled against Khusrau
and took Gurdya to Wife .... Parwiz
355
KnusRAU Parwiz [continued)
—
•
Vol. VIII
SECT. rA(iE
46. How Khusrau Parwiz took Counsel with Gurdwi
concerning Gustaliani and how Gurdya,
prompted by Gurdwi, slew him 358 . . .
47. How Gurdya wrote to Khusrau Parwiz and how

he summoned and married her .361 . ,
48. How Gurdya showed her Accomplishment before

Khusrau Parwiz . . .
-303 . .
How Khusrau Parwiz sent an ill-disposed March-

.......
49.
lord to Rai and how he oppressed the Folk
there 365
50.
51.
How Gurdya made Sport before Khusrau
and how he gave Rai to her
How Khusrau Parwiz portioned out his Realm
.... 367
368
I'arwiz
52. How Shirwi, the Son of Khusrau Parwiz, was born

of Maryam with bad Auspices and how Khus-
rau Parwiz informed Ca*sar .
•371 . .
53. How Caesar wrote a Letter to Khusrau Parwiz,

sent Gifts, and asked for the Cross of Christ 374
.......
.
54. How Khusrau Parwiz answered Caesar's Letter and

sent Gifts 379
The Story of Khusrau Parwiz and Shirin —

55.
56.
The Prelude
How
....
Khusrau Parwiz loved Shirin, how they
382 ...
parted, how he met her again while hunting
and sent her to his Bower .
'383 . .
57. liow the Nobles heard that Shirin had come to the
Bower of I\husrau Parwiz and how they
advised him and were satisfied with his Answer 3 86
58.
59.
wiz put Shirwi in Bonds ....
How Shirin murdered Maryam and Khusrau Par-
How Khusrau Parwiz made the Throne of Takdis 391
3S9
60.
61.
and K^husrau Parwiz .....
The Story of Sarkash and Barbad, the Minstrel,
How Khusrau Parwiz built the Palace of Mada'in 400

396
62.
63.
Khusrau Parwiz. .....
Discourse on the Splendour and Cjreatness of
How Khusrau Parwiz turned from Justice, how

405
64. How
.......
the Chiefs revolted, and how Guraz calletl
in Caosar
Caesar withdrew through an Expedient of
407
Shirwi from J5onds .....

Khusrau Parwiz antl how the Chiefs released
65. How Khusrau I'arwiz was taken and how Shirwi

409
sent him to Taisafun . . . .

.418
Index 423
vol,. IX
Prefatory Note .......
.......
rAGE
V
Abbreviations.
Note on Pronunciation ....... xi
xii
THE SASAXIAN DYNASTY (concluded)
Kub.4d (commonly called Shi'rwi) —

SECT.
1. How ascended the Throne, announced his
Sliirvvi
2.
Will,
and Excuses ......
and sent Chiefs to his Father with Counsel
How Khusrau Parwi'z answered Shirwi . .

8
15
3. How Shirwi grieved for Khusrau Parwi'z and how
the Chiefs were displeased thereat . .
27
4. How Barbad lamented Khusrau Parw'iz, cut off
5. How
his ow-n Fingers,
of Music
the Chiefs
.......
and burned his Instruments
demanded from Shirwi the Death

29
6. How
of
Mihr Hurmuzd ......
Khusrau Parwi'z and how he was slain by
Shirwi asked Shi'n'n in ^Marriage, how Shirin

32
and how Shirwi was slain

killed herself, .
3G
Ardshir, Son of Shirwi —

1.
2.
How
and harangued the Chiefs
How Guraz was displeased at Ardshir being Shah
....
Ardshir, Son of Shirwi, ascended the Throne
44
Son of Khusrau
—
......
and how he caused Ardshir to be slain by Piruz
45
Guraz also called FAR.\YiN

I. How Guraz, (also called Farayin,) received News
of the Slaying of Ardshir, hastened to irkn, took
Possession of tlic Throne, and was killed by
Shahranguraz . . . . .
.51
PUR.^NDUKnr —
I. How Piirandukht ascended the Thrf>iie and slew
—
Piruz,
ended
Son
.......
of Ivhusrau, and how her own Life
56
AzAR.MnUKHT
I.
Farrukhz.\d
How Azarmdukht
—
she died .......
ascended the Throne and how
59
I. How Frrrukhzad ascended the Throne and how

liQwas slain by a Slave , . .
, 6j
Yazdagird — Vol. IX
SKCT. I'ACiE
1.
2.
How
dressed the Chiefs .....
Yazdagird ascended the Throne and ad-
How Sa'ad, Son of Wakkas, invaded fran, how

70
Yazdagird sent Rustam to oppose him, and

how Rustam wrote a Letter to his Brother .
72
3. How Rustam wrote to Sa'ad, Son of Wakkas, and
how he replied . .
.78
......
. . .
4. How Rustam fought with Sa'ad, Son of Wakkas,

and was slain 83
5.
6.
went to Khurasan .....
How Yazdagird consulted with the Iranians and
How Yazdagird wrote to Mahwi of Sur . .
85
89
7. How Yazdagird wrote to the Marchlords of Tus .
90
>•
8.
Siir met him .......
How Yazdagird went to Tus and how Mahwf of
How Mahwi of Sur incited Bizhan to war with
95
......
g.
Yazdagird and how Yazdagird fled and hid
himself in a Mill 96
10. How Mahwi of Siir sent the Miller to kill Yazdagird,
11.
forbear .......
and how the Archi mages counselled Mahwi
How Yazdagird was slain by Khusrau, the Miller

to
loi
107
12. How Mahwi of Siir was informed of the Obsequies
Yazdagird and ascended the Throne.
of . 112
13. How
Bizhan, hearing of the Slaying of Yazdagird
and of Mahwi of Siir's Accession to the Throne,
led forth the Host to fight with him . .
115
14. How Mahwi of Siir was taken and slain by Order
of Bizhan .118
—— 15.
. . . . . .
Account of the Completion of the Shahnama . 121

CORRECnONS AND ADDITIONS
VOLUME I.
' ' '
Page xii, line 21, for Evil read evil.'

' ' '
Page xiii, line 15, for Born read born.'

'
Page 4, line 4, delete still.'

' ' '
Page 5, line 2z, after camel add of which the red-haired variety
was most esteemed.'
' ' '
Page 6, line 21, for Scythian read Elamitic'

' ' '
Page 7, line 19, for was read became,' line 25 and elsewhere, for
' ' ' ' ' ' '
Trit4 and Traitana read Trita and Traitana,'

' '
16 and elsewhere, /jr Azarbijan read Azarbaijan.'
'
Page 9, line
Page 10, bottom. The date of the fall of Nineveh has lately been
'
assigned to the year b.c. 612. Seo The Fall of Nineveh,'

p. 9 seq. By C. J. Gadd.
reference namber 2, after R insert P.
Page 1 1, line 29 and elsewhere, for Hira and Aiibar read Hira and ' ' '
Ambar.'
Page 13, reference number 2, for
' '
'
NESH '
'
read
'
NSEH.'
Page 14, line 25, for Samanides read Samanids.'
Page 17, delete lines 7-10.
'
reference number add

See too A. V. Williams Jackson,'
i,
Constantinople to the Home of Omar Khayyam,'

'
From
Ch. V.'
' ' '
Page 19, line 19, for Sacaestan read Sacaestan.'

'
reference number 3, delete iii.'
Page 21, line 7 and elsewhere, for read

'
Nuh ' '
Nuh.'
' ' '
line 12, for appealed read turned.'
Page 29, line 12 from bottom, r/ LEC, pp. 206, 207 and note.
'
Page 31, delete lines 13-16, and read that Fazl, son of Ahmad, is
referred to on both occasions.'
'
Page 33, line 23, delete full stop, insert comma, and for' Such is not
'
read not be in.'

' '
Page 34, five lines from bottom, delete While I sat looking on and
'
read While I o'erlooked from far.'

' '
Page 37, line 22, for Ariidi read 'Ariidi.'

' ' '
Page 38, seven lines from bottom, for Bazh read Bdzh.'
' '
six lines from bottom, after city add reference number i.
at bottom add note
'
The quarter in which Bizh was situated
»
was known
as Tabaran.'
'
and read' The

'
Page 39, bottom, reference number i, delete §1 and 7

too spiritual conception of the Deity in §1 and the refer-
ences to 'All in §7.'
VOL. I.\
ij-j
M
1 78 CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS
' ' '
Page 41, last line, for axe read ax.'

' ' ' ' '
Page 43, note 2,for fakka read fakka,' and for Cf.' read Of.'
' '
Page 45, line 24, after indigo add reference number 2.

' '
line five from bottom, after Cemetery add reference number 3.

'
at bottom add Cf. End. Brit, (nth ed.), Vol. 11, p. 917,
«
col. 2.
'
Professor A. V. Williams Jackson's suggestion that, as
burial in the Muhammadan cemetery was refused, the
corpse of Firdausi was reconveyed within the walls and
buried in ground belonging to him, seems far f.om im-
probable. From Constantinople to the Tomb of Omar
Khayyam, p. 291.
' ' '
Page 50, line 7, for Ahriman read Ahriman.'

Page 51, line 23, add reference number i.
'
bottom, add Thus Piran (see p. 55) may represent Perun,

'
the Slavonic god of thunder.'

' ' '
Page 61, line 3, delete which and to end of sentence, and insert i.e.
of Azargashasp.'
Page 62, bottom, after reference number 7 insert DZA, i, 209.
Page 67, line 18, end, add 'bin.' '
Page 68, line 9, end add or identical with.'

bottom, reference number i, add NIN, 15.
' ' '
Page 69, bottom, for 108 read 107.' ' ' '
Page 71, line 19, after Caspian.' Oxus insert

' ' '
line 20, after Mediterranean.' Dardanelles insert

' ' '
bottom, reference number 6, after 80 add notes.'

' ' '
Page 73, line 8 from bottom, for land read earth.' '
add reference number

'
,,7 ,, after Shahs i.
add reference number 2.

' '
,,5 ,, after canal

'
bottom, add »
Kai Kubad. See Vol. ii, p. 22. ' Id. 192.'
' '
Page 74, line 8, after tree add reference number i.

'
bottom, add >

Cercis Siliquastum.'
' ' '
Page 77, line 11, for the first half read three-fifths.' '
'
line 8 from bottom, after repetitions add reference
number i.
'
bottom, add '

These of course do not include the great
duplications of tradition in the poem.'
' ' '
Page 82, line 11, for regarded read looked upon.' '
add reference number
'
line 25, after farr 2.

'
bottom, add '

pp. 369, 370.'
Page 83, line 18, before miibidan insert
'
'
'
'
—
line 25, after subject add reference number 2.
bottom, add
'
*
The expression is used, however, of Bahram
Gur (Vol. vii, p. 78) and of Nushirwan (viii, p. 14).
It is also applied to non-franians, to Suhrab, who was
opposing the Iranians (ii 145), Pirdn (ii, 261, 275, 324,
iii, 106), Pilsam (ii, 3.52), Tazh^v, an Iranian deserter
(iii, 28), Bazaniish (vi, 297), ami tiicre are other
instances.'
' ' '
Page 84, line 3, for ca.mp enclosure read camp-enclosure.'

CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS 179
' ' '
Page 85, line 20, for end read beginning.'

bottom, add Rogers, The Shah-namah of Fardusi. Trans-
'
Page 87,
lated from the original Persian. 1909. (A version
partly in verse and partly in epitomized prose )
' ' '
Page 88, lines 11 and 17, for Ardibihisht read .\rdihihisht.'

' ' '
line 12 and bottom, for Sharivar read Shahrivar.'

' ' '
lines 12 and 26, for Farvardin read Farvvardin.'

' ' '
line 17 and page 89, line 3, for Adar read Azar.'

' ' '
Page 89, line 4, for Din read Dai.'

' ' ' '
Page 90, line 9, for 3 generations read 4 generations' and aid at

bottom,' ' See Vol. v. p. 203.'
'
for' Barmaiun. Kataiun.' reai Purmaya. Kaianush.'

15 add as son to Minuchihr Zarasp.'
•
'
17, add as son to Tits Zarasp.'

'
Page 92, line 5 add as descendant from Tiir Mali AfnM, d.'
'
line 10, add as descendant of Wisa Kurukhan.'
line II, for
'
Piran read Piran Gulshahr.'

' '
=
Manizha, d.=
'
line 15, to descendants of Afrdsiydb add

'
Bizhan
'
and delete Ruin.'
' ' '
line i-j, for Kurakhan read Kurakhan.'

Page 93, lines 20 and 22, transpose
'
EP '
and EHI.'
'
Page 94, delete lines 4-5.

'
bottom, add ZT. Chronique de Abou-Djafar-Mo'ham-

med-Ben-Djarir-Ben-Yezid Tabari. Traduitc sur la
version Persane d'Abou-'Ali Mo'hammed Bol'ami par
M. Hermann Zotenberg.'
Page 100, line 4, forShaddad son of Ad read Shaddad son
' ' '
of 'Ad.'
' ' '
Page 100, Line 7, for Shaddad read Shaddad.'

' ' '
Page 100, line 10, for Nasiru'd read Nasiru'd.'

Page 104, after line 4 insert
—
Thus is it now what
'
: the world's end will be

None knoweth openly or privily.'
' ' '
Page loC), line The read In,'

12, for
' ' '
Page with read to.'

108, Line 15, for
Page 112, line 2, for 'The' read /«.'
' ' '
8 from bottom, for light read blaze.'

' ' '
Page 113, line 7 and elsewhere, for Ind read Llind.'

line 19, end, add full stop.
Page 117, line 2, Delete 'FOR.'

' ' '
Page 1 18, line 4, for mountain of the holy read Mountain of the
Lioly.'
'
Page 120, line i, for Slain

'
read
'
slain
'
and delete
'
the Hand of.'
Page 121, line 5, for 'Fight' read 'fight.'
'
Page 126, line 5, add This is the first of many douLilets in the poem.'
' ' '
line 16, for gold read good.'
' ' '
Page 129, line 6 from bottom, for o read of.'

i8o CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS
' '
Page 130, line 11, after gallery insert . . .
' ' '

line 23, for have read find,' and add to reference 4
•
WPT. i.
142.
'
' ' '
Page 131, line 15, for They read they.'

Page 132, line 11, add full stop at end.
' ' '
Page 135, line 3, for departed from read abandoned.'

line II from bottom, end, delete comma and insert full stop.
138, line 8 from bottom, delete
' ' '
Page thou and read any.' my

' ' '
Page 141, line 4 from bottom, for light read Grace.'

' '
Page 142, line 5 from bottom, for downstricken read

'
down-
stricken.'
' ' '
line 4 from bottom,/?)' Aspikan read Aspikan.'
' '
Page 143, line 7, for i read '2.'

' ' '
15, for 2 read 3.'

' ' '
20, for Baghdad read

' '
Baghdad.'
25, after Ispahan add reference number 4.
31, for reference number 3 read 5.
33> foy reference number 4 read 6.
'
bottom, after reference 3 insert *

ZT, i, 117,' and for
reference numbers 4 and 5 read 5 and 6.
' ' '
Page 145, line 25, for Evil read evil.'

' ' '
Page 147, line 7, for Kurds read Kurds.'

' ' '
Page 161, line 6, for Bait al read Baitu'l.'

Page 171, line 2, for
'
'
HIS REIGN
'
WAS
'
'
read
'
HE REIGNED.'
Page 173, line 31, for glory read Glory.'
Page 174, after line 21 add '§24. We have here another doul)lct,
Cf. p. 290.'
' '
Page 175, line 13, for He,' read Be.'

' ' '
Page 181, line 13, delete never and insert it after children.'
2 from bottom, end, insert comma.
' ' '
Page 184, line 18, for except read unless.' ' ' '
Page 189, line 4 from bottom, for Envious read envious.'

' ' '
Page 199, line 7 from bottom, for Slain read slain.'

Page 201, note, line 4, for Namah read Namah.'
' ' '
' ' '
Page 205, line 9, for Born read born.'

' ' '
Page 207, line 13, for Chach read Chach.'

Page 208, line 12, for 'wagons did they fill' read 'wains they
filled.'
' '
Page 2oy, line ig, for no longer harbouroth read

'
hath ceased
to harbour.'
' ' '
line 20, for evident read plain.'

Page 211, delete line 2 and read 'With treasure
nnd brocade,
dinars and gems.'
' ' '
Page 212, line 21, for All read all.' ' '
line 7 from bottom, for
'
torquoise read turquoise.' ' ' ' '
Page 219, I'ue 5 from bottom, for a read the and after ball
' '
add reference number i.

'
bottom, insert See p. 79.' »
'
Page 221, line iS, f>>r .Announce re id announce.'

•
'
•
' '
line 7, from bottom, for he read He.'

CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS i8i
Page 2Z\, line 1 1. nf/er

'
me '
insiyt
'
stcay.'
'
Stoj) to draw hrcalli read To brcatlic'

' '
Page 2J.|, linr i j, for

' ' '
for2 2,nioralisinp; rtuid ni'imlliiif^."

'
Page jj(>, li:u" 4. dc'L'/e of our."

" '
slam and drlclc llie Hand

' ' '
Page 227, line J I, for Slain ri atl
of.'
' ' '
Page 228. line g, for produce of it read fruit thereof.'

' ' '
Page 230, line 9, for our avenging read vengeful.'

'
Page 236, after line 7 insert §18. Cf. previous reign, §24.'
'
line 8, beginning, insert §29.'

'
5 from bottom, beginning, insert §31.'

'
Page 237, bottom, note i, add But cf. Vol. v. p. 30.' '
Page 250, side reference, prefix V.' ' '
Page 252, line 15, for Danbar read

'
Dambar.'
' ' '
Page 256, line 4, for Dunbar read Dambar.' ' ' '
Page 275, line 3 from bottom, for Explain read explain.'

' '
Page 2S0, line 9, and elsewhere, for Almighty read almighty

' '
when not absolute.

' ' '
Page 284, line i, for Aivare read aware.'

Page 292, line 20, for War against read 'fight.'
' '
'
Page 293, end of note, add 309.' ' ' '
Page 299, line 6 from bottom, for Wroth read wroth.'

'
Page 307, line 7 from bottom, add reference number i after lasso.'
Page 325, line 11, for Sam read Zal.'
' ' '
'
P'T-ge 337. li"« 2, delete FOR.'

' ' '
Page 338, line 6, for Yast read Yasht,' and at bottom, note i,
'
after i insert Cf. p. 59.'

From 342, line 3 from bottom, for '
Knowhow '
read
'
Know
how.'
' ' '
Page 347, line 10, for lowered read loured.'

Pô<^ 351. side reference, insert 2.
4 lines from bottom, insert comma after

'
throb.'
Page 352, line 4, delete semicolon.
Page 354, line 21, for Guzhdaham ' '
read
'
Gazhdaham.'
Page 355, line 4 from bottom, delete comma at end.
' '
Hirmund
'
Page 358, line 6 and elsewhere, for read Ilirniund.'

Page 366, line 12, delete 'not.'
'
'
HIS REIGN
' '
WAS '
read
'
HE REIGNED.'
Page 378, line 7, for lance read spear.'
'
Page 380, line 6 from bottom, after '
harm add reference number i,

'
and at bottom add '
Cf. BLHP, i, 452. Jackson,
"
From Constantinople to the Tomb of Omar
Khayyam," p. 119.' ' ' '
Page 3S1, line 4 from bottom, for plants read plans.'
VOLUMIC II.
Page V, line 13, end, add

'
—
Page ix, line 25, delete Kai.'
' '
Page 3, line, 12, for' Katiuim read Kaldvun.'

i82 CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS
Page 3, li:ie to children of Gushtasp add Farshidward, Shfn'i,
15,
and thirty-seven others (un-named), for l^>ishu- '
' ' ' '

tan read Kishutan aud for Afrid read Afri'd. '
bottom, after (20) insert =d. of Kaid.

' ' '
Page 5, line 20, after d'Or,' add full stop, and for tcxte read
'
Texte.'
Page 6, heading, for
'
NOTE ON PRONUNCIATION '
read
•
ABBREVIATIONS.'
' ' '
Page 18, hne 4, for Kharzarwan read Khazarwan.'

' ' '
Page ig, line 18, for Turkestan read Turkistan.'

Page 27, line i, delete full stop at end.
'
line 4 from bottom. There is actually a tribe existing to

this day among the Elburz Mountains, or the
fastnesses of ancient Hyrcania, which still bears
the name Div Sapeed.' S. G. W. Benjamin,
Persia and the Persians, p. 302.
'
Page 29, note i, add Vol. v, p. 116.' ' ' '
Page 61, line 9, for bears read bear.'

Page 69 line 20 add semicolon at end. ' '
Page 81, line 3 from bottom, after crystal insert reference number 9 '
and at bottom add Ru'ns near Aivani-Kaif fKai?)

some forty miles South-east of Tihran are still
traditionally ascribed to Kai Kaus. See A. V.
Williams Jackson. From Constantinople to the
Home of Omar Khayyam, p. 123.'
Page 89, line 25, comma.
end, insert
' '
26 Kaus insert comma.
after
' '
Page 96, line 6 from bottom, after Zawara add reference miniher i
'
and at bottom add 'This is the first mention of

Rustam's brother.'
•
a Zam of
'
read •
Zam's stream with.'
bottom, delete
'
The name of a river and read

' '
i.e. tlie
Oxus.'
Page 103, line 12, for 'What ever' read Whr.lev
'
cr.'
' ' '
Page 118, bottom, for i, p. 236 read v, p. 30.'

Page 119, bottom, ajter
'
V '
insert full stop.

' '
Page 121, line 21, after him

number i, and at insert reference
bottom add adds rightly
'
'
C. :
—
They led him hcrdwards
That they might have their portion from that steed ;
As I have heard, he covered forty mares

And one became with foal.
Cf. p. 128 and NIN, p. 45 note i.'
' ' '
Page 157, line 7, for spoken read unspoken.'

' ' '
Page 196, line 16, for heart and eyes read Heart and Eyes.'
' ' '
Page 200, line 11, for she read She.'

' ' '
Page 221, line 13, for unled read unsoiled.'

Page 224, end of last line, insert reference number i and add at
'
bottom »
See pp. 38
88 seq.' seq.,
' ' '
Page 225, ]in(^ 12, for All-righteous read all-righteous.'

'
Who read who.' and clscivhcre.

' '
' ' ' '
Page z.\-j, line 5 and elsewhere, for Almiglity read almighty

ivhcn not absolute.
' ' '
Page 252, Une 4, for iny read iiiiiu.' ' ' '
Page 256, hne G from bottom, for caparisoncil read bctrapped.'

Piigc 257, hue 2 from bottom, delete full stop niid insert comma at
end.
' ' '
Page 261, hne 21 and elsewhere, for Holy read

'
holy juJicn not

absolute.
Page 265, line 18, delete comma at end.
' '
Page 2S1, line 11, for read Ti'uan.' 'Iran

' ' '
Page 2S5, line i, for dressed read drest.'

Page 306, line 14, end, insert semicolon.
' ' '
Page 310, line 4 from bottom, for All-holy read all-holy.'

' '
Page 312, line 4 from bottom, after league insert comma.

Page 313, line 5 from bottom, end, Jwser/ comma.
4 from bottom after hearing insert comma.
' '
Page 321, line i, end, add reference number 1.
12, end, add reference number 2.

'
bottom, insert See p. 261. «

See p. 293.' >
' ' '
Page 328, line 11, for Kalur read Kalii.'

' ' '
5 from bottom, for blunt read pointless.'

' ' '
4 from bottom, for would go read hunted,' and

insert full stop at end.
' '
3 from bottom, delete

'
To hunt,' and for at read

•
At.'
from hottom, for Kawa read Kawa.'
' ' '
Page 341, line 8

Page 374, line 6 from bottom, end, insert reference number t.
'
bottom, insert 'See p. 312.'

Page 377, line 22, insert reference number 1.
'
bottom, insert See p. 273.' »
Page 384, line 7 from bottom, delete comma and insert full stop at
end.
" '
Page 390, bottom, delete and insert ".

Page 395, line 3, end, insert reference number '
i.
bottom, insert See p. 363.'

' ' '
Page 412, last line, for toward read tow'rd.'
VOLUME III.
Page 3, line 24, end, rt(fi' Kisari Mohan Ganguli and i)ublislied by.'
Page 14, line 30, end, add reference number 5 a}id The text also '
allows the view that Fariid dwelt on Mount

Sapad. See Vol. v, p. 30.' '
Page 15, Note i, end, add There was no difficulty in finding an

'
additional rhyme without using Pashan.'

' ' ' '
Gashan (much) rhymes with Pashan in

Vol. v)ii, p. 397 and note.
Page 20, Une 22, end, add reference number i, and at bottom
•
Cf. Vol. I, p. 61.'

'
' ' '
Page 36, line 8, for Tis read 'Tis.'

' ' '
Page 45, line 2^, for that read thou.'

Page 59, line 17and elsewhere, for 'Almighty' read 'almighty'
when not absolute.
' '
Page 68, line 18, for stoncand read 'stone and.'

'
Page 83, note 2, end, add (j). 10).'

line 7 from bottom and elsewhere, for
' '
Page 84,
'
All-holy read
'
all-holy when not absolute.

' ' '
Page 102, line 22 for Omnijiotent read omnipotent.'

Page iro, Une 2 and elsewhere, for
'
Who '
read who.'
'
6, for
'
Whom '
read
'
whom.'
Page 130, Hne 11, add comma, at end.
Page 134, line 6, end, add !
line 15, end, add ".

141, line 2 from bottom and elsewhere, for
' ' ' '
Page Holy read holy
when not absolute.
' ' ' ' ' '
Page 148, note, for Pehlcvan read Pehlewan and after donna
delete comma
Page 151, line 4 from bottom, add full
'
stop at end. ' '
Page 172, note, for Car read car.'

' ' '
Page 191, line 12, for Abul read 'Abu'l.'

'
Khan
read Khan.'
' '
Oleader read O leader.'

' ' '
' ' ' '
Page 234, note, for Et read et and for comblan ' '
read
'
com-
blani.'
Page 237, line 7, prefix ".
'
Page 241, line 22, delete far.'

' '
Page 251, note, for read 'sur.' Sur

Page 275, line end, delete
10, !
'
line 8 from bottom, for
' '
Page 285, fraicheur read fraicheur.'

last line, add reference number 2.
' ' ' '
Page 287, side reference, for V. 1063 read V. 1065 and subse-
'
quent side references consecutively, i.e.,

'
V. 1066,'
V. 1067,' etc., up to page 305.
' ' '
Page 294, line 7, for buffalos read buffaloes.'

' '
Page 298, note, for La read la.' '
Page 304, line 11, delete semicolon and insert comma.

'
Page 305, line 25, add side reference V. 1086,' and read subsequent
'
side references consecutively, i.e., V. 1087.'
'
V. 1088,' etc., up to page 356.
' ' '
Page 318, note, for II read il.'

Page 348, line 15, add comma at end.
VOLUME IV.
Page V, line 5, end, delete iuU stop and insert

' ' '
—
Page ix, line 10, for wrath read Wrath.'
'
Page 8, line 10, end, add See Vol. vii, pp. 381, 422.'
Page 31, line 6, delete comma
and insert semicolon.
Page 40, line 9, end, add reference number i. and insert at bottom
'
•
Cf. Vol. i, p. 386 and note.'
Page 85, note, prefix reference uuntjjcr i.
'
Page 139, note 2. add It is interestinj,' to find the

dog appearing
in tlu' Hock of Tohit in which there are frunian
elements. Cf. Vol. iii, p. 271 and End. Brit.
T I th \'a\. s.v. ToLit.'
Page 141, line 9, end, delete
Page 143, line 6, from bottom, insert comma at end.
Page 144, line S, delete comma and insert semicolon.
' ' '
Page 150, line 8, for butfalos read buffaloes.'

§3. There appears to be a doublet here as Afrasiyab is
first said to be beyond Jaz and then at
Tiaigand,
i.e., in the neighbourhood first of the Jaxartes and
then of the Oxus, but the context favours the
latter position.
Page 155, line 10, delete and insert
'
He ranged the army's centre

and its wings.'
'
Page 256, line i, delete and insert All lillcd with minstrelsy and
harp and wine.'
bottom, delete comma and insert semicolon.
Page 259, line 7 from bottom, delete '
Barda', a cavern
'
and insert
' '
to Barda', one
Page 262, note 2, Add The situation of Barda'
'
would, however,
make Lake Gokcha more appropriate. Cf.
P- ^59-'
Page 304, line 14, comma and insert .semicolon.
end, delete
324, line 12 from bottom, for 'shore' read
'
Page river",' and at

bottom add note ' » The Euphrates.'
' '
Page 3-5. li"e 8 after city add reference number i and at

'
bottom add 7iote '
Shiirab. Cf. Vol. vii, p.
254-,
' ' '
^3.ge 339, line i, for sea read river.'

' ' '
Page 340, line 3, for sea read stream.'

' ' '
Page 344, line 16, for sea read .stream.' ' ' '
25. for sea read river.'

' ' '
28, for sea read stream.'

' ' '
31, for sea read stream.'

Page 346, line iS, end, add reference number i, and at bottom add
'
note Cf. Vol. v, p. 233 note.'
»
VOLUME V.
Page 14, line 2 from bottom, end, add reference number 11, and at
bottom '"Spitama seems to mean 'White.'
See JZ, p. 13.'
' ' '
Page 30, line 19, for Girdkuh read Girdkiih.'

'
line 24, add It has been stated by an oriental authority

that Dizh Gumbadan (' the Domed Fort ') and
Girdkuh were identical. See LEG, p. 365.'
' ' '
Page 71, line 13, for his read a.'

l85 CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS
'
Pdge 71, lino 17, end, add reference number at Ix.ttom In i and '
Firdaiisi Ni'ish son of Asfandiyar, Azar is tlic
may of course be a brother and

but in Dîkiki
the one referred to above.'
'
Page 126, Unc 4, end, add reference number i and al bolloni Cf.
'
p. 233 note.'
' '
Page 133, Hne 21, for wisdon read 'wisdom.'

Page 160, line 23, end, add quotation mark.'
Page 161, last line, end, insert full stop.
Page 214, line 14, end, add quotation marl..'
Page 277, line 8, insert full .stop.
6 from bottom, end, insert semicolon.
Page 288, note i, add •
Cf. E.P. i, 256.'
VOLUME VI.
' ' '
Page vi, line 3, for Married read married.'

Page ix, line 14, for
'
Rumans '
read Riimans.'
'
'
Page 3, line 8 from bottom, delete Rustam.'

' ' '
7 from bottom, for Chubina read Cliubina.'

' ' ' '
4 from bottom, for' ' '

Shirwi read Shirwi
Page 6, line 21, for Muller read Miiller.'
' ' '
Page 15, line 10, for legend read Legend.' '

note add Cf. Vol. vii, p. 79.'
3,
' ' ' '
Page 17, line i, for Mukaffa read Mukaffa'

Page 39, line 6 from bottom, end, delete ? and iv.sert !
' ' '
Page 64, bne 8, for Ravi read Ravi.'

Page 81, line 2, end, insert hyphen.
Page 89, line 5, for 'Married' read 'married.'
Page 98, line 14, end, insert comma.
135, line 12 from bottom, read He must not jirixily devise.' •
Page ' ' '
10 from bottom, for wise read sage.'

Page 136, line 4, end, insert !
Page 137, line 7, end, insert comma.

Page .150, bottom line, end, insert comma.
Page 154, line 13 from bottom, end, insert full stop.
Page 161, line 20, end, insert reference number i.
'
bottom, insert note ^ Cf. Vol. i, pp. 118, 132.'

' ' '
Page 207, line 7, after above insert (p. 195)-'

Page 209, line 10, end, insert reference numbey 1, and at bottom add note
'
according to Ncildeke (NIN, p. 26

'
Mohl, rightly
and wo/e), reads 'S4m4nians' for 'Ashk^nians.' The
former claimed descent from Bo.hram Chubina.'
Page 210, line 13 from bottom, end, delete comma.
'
Page 212, note, add Cf. p. 201.'

Page 231, line 4 from bottom, end, insert comma. '
' '
Page 250, line 9 from bottom, for Chubina read Clu'ihina.'
Page 288, line 9, beginning, delete ".

Page 291, line 10 from licttom, after
'
Oh '
insert !
Page 292, line i, end, insert comma.

I'agc
'
Page 227, line 5from bottom, after crown insert comma. '_
Page 231, bottom Hue, delete full stop and insert comma.
239 and 247, heading, read NOSHfRWAN.'
'
Page ' ' '
Page 251, line 13 from bottom, for Garshasp read Gashasp.'

Page 263, line 6 from bottom, delete comma and insert semicolon.
Page 275, bottom line, end, insert comma.
Page 300, line 11, insert comma after For and ' ' '
know.'
' ' '
Page 331, line 4, delete the arid insert from.'

' ' '
Page 348, line 20, for Sahh read Shah.'

' ' '
Page 369, line 18, for frowning face read looks afrown.'
' ' '
Page 395, line 10, for was read were.'

' ' '
1 1,
for were read was.'
' ' '
Page 400, line i, for crown read treasure.'

' ' '
2, for treasure, for read crown because.'

Page 41C, bottom line, for 'Almighty' read 'almighty.'
VOLUME VIII
' ' ' '
Page V, line 17, for answer read Answer '
Page viii, line 13 from bottom, add to Caesar.'

Page XV, line 20, for PCHAP read HAP.'
' ' '
' '
Page 72, line 21, for Khan's read Khan's.'

' '
Page 91, note, for Parwiz read Parwiz.'

Page 122, line 14, delete first hyphen.
Page 138, line 19, delete id.
Page 143, line 10, insert comma after Letter and Parmiida.'
' ' '
'
Page 147, line 11, for 'great' read Great.'

Page 153, line 18, delete iuU stop and insert coTama.. '
Page i8g, line 16, for Zab read Zab.'

'
'
' ' ' ' '

Page 190, line 16, for Garabzin,' Galabzin read Garabzi'n
' '
Galabzin
Page 191, line 12, according to Muir's The Life of Mohammad,' '
edited by T. H.Weir (1923), p. 431 note, the

battle of Dhu Kar was fought A.D. 611.
Page 192, note, for
'
PCHAP read HAP.'
'
'
'
'
Page 205, line 6 from bottom, after take insert reference number i
'
and at bottom add » See Vol. 5, p. 156 note.'
Page 225, justify hne 25.
Page 265, line 22, delete full stop and insert comma.
' ' '
Page 270, line 5, for Luhrasp read Luhrasp.'

' ' '
line 6, for Asfanfiyar read Asfandiyar.'
Page 272, line i, insert after one.' comma '
'
'
Page 279, line 4 from bottom, for and readers of the stars read
'
with the astrologers.'
' ' '
Page 285, line 5, for great read Great.' ' ' '
Page 287, line 20, for achieved read accomplished.'

Page 313, line 21, end, delete full stop and insert comma.
Page 317, line 2 from bottom, delete comma.
' ' '
Page 327, line 13, for brave read Brave.' ' ' '
Page 328, bottom, for in haste read with speed.' ' ' '
Page 343, bottom, for gory read glory.'

'
l''i6^ 34^' ^ iTom bottom, for in a letter to the king.'

^'""^
'
read to the monaich in a k'tt( r.'

' '
Page 353. line 5. for If read It '
Page 362, line 1 from bottom, delete hyphen.

1
' ' '
Page 374, line 8, for Ot read Of.'

' ' '
Page 411, line 8, J^r the read thy.'

' ' '
Page 421, line 12 from bottom, for Gah'nus read Galinusli.'

GENERAL INDEX
This Index and t/ic General Table of Contents in this volume are
complementary. References to the latter are in Italics.
Abii'l 'Abbds Fazl bin Ahmad,

minister of Mahmiid and
Aaishma Dakva, demon, iii., 272 perhaps a patron of Fir-
= Asmodeus probably, iii, dausi, i, 30, 100, iv, 141
272 account of, i, 36
Aban, genius, iii, 287, 328 disgrace of, may have af-
'Abbas, Arab chief, attacks Hur- fected Firdausi, i, 37
muzd, viii, 93 Abu'l Fazl, minister under the
'Abbasid, 'Abbasids, Muhamma- Samanids, father of Abu
dan dynasty, vi, 327 'AH al Bal'ami who trans-
rise of, i, 13 lated Tabari, vii. 430
fall of. i, 14 patron of Riidagf, vii, 3S3
Abbreviations, General List of, Abii'l Kasim (Firdausi, q.v.), i,
ix, 135 24. 38, 99, 112, iv, 140,
Abdaas, bishop, vi, 372 v, 89, 119, vi, 20, 207,
Abraham, patriarch, vi, 65 viii, 28
Abtin (Aptya, Athwya), mythi- Abii'l Kasim of Gurgan, shaikh,
cal Iranian hero, husband iii, 191
of Faranak and father of dream
of, about Firdausi, iii,
Fan'dun, ix, 53, 103 191
legend of, i, 145 Abii' Muzaffar. See Nasr.
Zahhak slays, i, 151, 153 Abu Mansiir bin Abdu'r Razzak,
Faridun avenges, i, 170 prince of Tiis, i, 67 seq.,
mythological origin of, i, vi, 16
171, 172, 174 Shahnama of, vi, 16
Abii-'Ali Muhammad, Persian probably compiled by
poet, Shahncima of, i, 69 Magi for, i, 69, viii, 71,
Abu Bakr, the first Khalifa 73
(A.D. 632-4), i, 12, ix, 76 importance of, for Fir-
begins war with Persian dausi, viii, 73.
Empire, ix, 66 Abii Mansur bin Muhammad, son
of above (?), ijg
Abu Dulaf, friend of Firdausi, i, patron of Firdausi, i, 29, no
35 murdered, i, 29, in
assists Firdausi, i, 35 1 10
praise of, i,
reciter of the Shahnama, advice of, to Firdausi, i,
i-
3^ 1 1 1
191
192 GENERAL INDEX
Abu Raihan Muhammad. See Afr4.siyab
— cant.
Albfnim'. seq., iv. 7, 8, 17, 19 seq.,
Abu Talib, uncle of Muhammad, 25. 29, 4^^. 5(>. 5^ seq., 65,
i, 12 66, 70, 75, seq., 83, 89, 93,
Abi'i 'Ubaida, Arab general, ix, 66 94, 96, 103, 108, no, 113,
supersedes Khalid in Syria, 117, 128, 129, 145, 146,
ix. 66 150 192 seq., 235, 252,
seq.,
Abu 'Ubaida, Arab general, ix, 253. 273, 287, 289, 294 V.
67 12, 13, 21, 44, 62, 176,
made commander in Persian 203, 208, vi, 15, 79, 177,
campaign, ix, 67 240 and note, vii, 330,
slain, ix, 67 335. 337. 359. viii, 2.42,
Accession of a Shah, ceremony 30". 349, ix, 25, 103
at, vi, 409 one of the Zoroastrian triad
Achaemenid, Achaemenids, the, of evil, i, 59 and note
first historical Persian mythological origin of, i,
dynasty, i, 64, v, 10, 2S1, 337

vi, 194, 197, 198 first mention of, in Shah-
Achshunvvar. See Akhshunwar. nama, i, 342
'Ad, father of Shaddad, q.v. advocates war with Nau-
Arab tribe, viii, 276 dar, i, 343
'Adan, seaport and territory in bidden by Pashang to in-
southern Arabia, vi, 386 vade Iran, i, 343
Adar. See Azar. sends Shamasas and Khaz-
Adarbad, son of Mahraspand, arwan to invade Sistan, i,
Zoroastrian Saint, v, 16 345
note marches to Dahistan, i, 346
ordeal of, v, 16 note writes to Pashang, i, 346
Aden. See 'Adan. encourages Barman to chal-
Adonis, iv, 315 lenge the Iranians to
Aegean 204
sea, vi, single comibat, i, 347
Afrdsiyab, son of Pashang, ruler rewards Barman, i,3.|H
of Turan and one of the fights with Naudar, i, 348
arch-enemies of Iran, 142- and seq.
^53, i.42, 55. 72. ii, II, 13. encounters Karan, i. 350
14, 16 seq., 20, 79, 81, victorious, i, 350, 352
g8 seq., 118, 127, 149, 184, beleaguers Naudar in Dah-
189, 242 seq., 257 seq., 283, istan, i, 353
286, 288, 322 seq., 335, 347 sends Kuri'ikhan to attack
.<eq., 360 seq.. 369, 373, Pans, i, 353
380, 381, 386, 392 seq., takes Naudar and other
401 sej.,iii, 8, 12,13,15,23, chiefs prisoners, i, 355
26, 27, 29, 40. 42, 47. 73. hears of the death of BAr-
76 seq., 100, 108, 123, 134, man and bids Wisa pur-
136, 143, 146, 1.52, 153, sue K4ran, i, 356
164, 165, 176, 183, 185, hears of the Turkman de-
T93, 200 seq., 207 seq., 211, feats, i, 362
213, 218, 223, 228, 241, sends for, and slays, Naudar,
260 seq., 268, 271, 277 i,362
seq., 285, 29.5, 298, 300, spares the other captives at
320, 333, 337, 339, 3A(> Ighrfras' request, i, 363
GHM-RAL IXDILX 103
Afrasiyab, imprisons the cap- AfrdsiyAb, Garsiwaz to

sends
tives at San, i, 363 summon Siyawush and
advances to Rai, i, 3(^3 Farangi's to court, ii, 300
wroth ,vith, and slays, Igh- seq.
rfras, i, 367 attacks, takes, and has
fights v.-ith Zk\, i. 36S Siyawush executed, ii, 314
Pashang's vrath with, i, seq.
374 ^
appealed to by Farangis, ii,
invades Irdn, i, 374 seq., 317
381 ill-treatment of Farangis by,
sends Kuli'in to intercept ii, 320, 322
Kustam, i, 382 referred to, iv, 204
fights with Arabs for irkn appeal of Pirdn to, ii, 324
and takes 92 it, ii, referred to, iv, 205
king of Tiiran and Chin, ii, spares Farangis, ii, 325, and
99 her son Kai Khusrau, ii,
expelled from fran by Kai 3^7
Kaus and Rustam, ii, loi ^
interview of, with Kai Khus-
fights with the Seven j
rau, ii, 332
Warriors, ii., iii seq. |
referred to, iv, 205
nearly taken prisoner by sends Surkha against the
Rustam, ii, 14, 116, 354, franians, ii, 344
iii, and note
242, 250 marches to avenge Sur-
plot of, against Suhrab and kha, ii, 348
Rustam, ii, 129 fights with Tiis, ii, 353
gifts of, to Suhrab, ii, 130 rescue of, from Rustam by
identical with Astyages in Human, ii, 354
legend, ii, 191 crosses the sea of Chin, ii,
referred to, ii, 522, 347, 394, 356
iii, 206, iv, 145, 130, 194 consults Piran about Kai
invades fran, ii, 224 seq. Khusrau, ii, 336
dream of, ii, 232, 243, 297, returns, ii, 362
iv, 170, 267 vengeance of, on fran, ii,
determines to sue for peace 3 ^'3

and sends hostages, ii, pursues Kai Khusrau, ii,
235 seq. 388 seq.

receives Zanga and consults disgraces Piran, ii, 390
Piran, ii, 253 seq. turns back at the Jihi'in, ii,
sends Pi'ran to welcome 394

Siyawush, ii, 258 Kai Kluisrau's oath to take
plays atpolo with Siya- vengeance on, iii., 21
wush, ii, 264 hears of the approach of
marries Farangis to Siya- the Iranian host, iii,
wush, ii, 275 71

recalls Siyaw-ush, from bids Piran gather troops,
Gang-dizh, ii, 285 iii, 71, 79
sends Garsiwaz to Siya- numbers the host, iii, 79
wushgird, ii, 289 loss of kindred of, in battle,
deceived by Garsiwaz res- iii, 94
pecting Siyawush, ii, 296 rewards Pirdn, iii, 106

seq. reinforces Piran, iii, 118
VOL. IX. N
194 GENERAL INDEX
Afrasiyab, announces to his AfrasiyAb, receives tidings from
chiefs the defeat of his Piran, iv, 77
host, iii, 242 = king of Gang, iv. 134
exhorted by his host to con- Kai Khusrau's great war
tinue the war, iii, 243, 249 with, 152, iv, 133 seq.
makes his preparations, iii, encamped at Baigand (Kun-
243. 250 duz), iv, T51
sends Farghar to spy on hears ill tidings of Piran and
Rustam, iii, 250 of the host, iv, 151
consults with Shida, iii, 250 distress of, iv, 152
describes Rustam, iii, 251 swears to be avenged on Kai
receives Farghar's report, Khusrau, iv, 152
iii. 253 hears of the advance of Kai
consults with Piran, iii, 253 Khusrau, iv, 153
bids Piran continue the war, harangues and equips his
iii, 254 host, iv, 153
sends Shida to summon patrols the Jihun with boats,
Puladwand, iii, 255 iv. T53
consults Puladwand, iii, 256 holds a council, summons
interferes in the fight be- Kurakhan, and crosses the
tween Rustam and Pulad- Jihun, iv, 154
wand, iii, 263 sends Kurakhan with half
withdraws to Chin and the host to Bukhara, iv,
Machin, iii, 265
goes in pursuit of Rustam marches to Amwi, iv, 154
and defeated, iii, 280
is encamps in Gilan, iv, 155
hears of the case of Bizhan arrays his host, iv, 155
and Manizha iii, 301 takes his post at the centre,
consults Kurakh4n, iii, 301 iv, 153
sends Garsiwaz to search gives Shida command of the
Manizha's palace, iii, 301 left wing, iv, 155
sentences Bizhan to death, sends Jahn to guard Shida's
iii. 304 rear, iv, 155
respites Bizhan, 308
iii, gives a grandson command
imprisons Bizhan, iii, 309 of the right wing, iv,
disgraces Manizha, iii, 309 156
escapes from Rustam, iii commands to Gurdgir,
348 Nastiih, Ighriras, and
bids Piran prepare for war, Garsiwaz, iv, 156
iii. 349 proposes to invade Nimruz,
arrays the host against iv, 156
Rustam, iii, 350 reviews the host and pre-
flees from Rustam, iii, 352 pares to encounter Kai
goes to Ivhallukh, iv, 10 Khusrau, iv, 15S
addresses his nobles, iv, 10 urged by Shida not to
sends Shida to Kharuzm, delay the attack, iv, 159
iv, II. reply of, iv, 160
PirAn against fran, iv, 11 wishes to meet Kai Khusrau
reinforcements and bids in single combat, iv, i6i
him break off negotia- sends Shida on an embassage
tions with Giv, iv, 20 to Kai Khusrau, iv, iGi
GENERAL INDEX 195
Afrdsiytib, hears of Shida's Afrdsiyib, arrays his host to

death, 176
iv, light with K;'.i Khusrau,
grief of, iv, 176 iv, 220
commands in person against offers Kai Khusrau peace or
Kai Khusrau, iv, 179 single combat, iv, 221
sends Jahn to the left, iv, fights a general engagement
180 against Kai Khusrau, iv,
reinforced by Garsiwaz, iv, 223, 226
181 defeated and
escapes by
forced by Garsiwaz and flight, iv,227
Jahn to quit the field, iv, army, of, surrenders to Kai
182 Khusrau, iv, 228
returns to camp, iv, 1S3 takes refuge at Gang-dizh,
abandons his camp and re- iv, 230
crosses the Jihun, iv, 184 captive kindred of, sent to
joins forces with Ivurakhan, Kai Kaus by Kai Khus-
iv, 186 rau, iv, 232
staj'S at Bukhara, iv, i<S6 Kai Kai'is on, iv, 237
withdraws to Gang-bihisht, Khusrau 's inquiries concern-
iv, 187 ing, iv, 247
reinforced by Kakula, iv, hears of Kai Khusrau's ap-
iSS proach and quits Gang-
sends troops to Chach, iv, dizh, iv, 248
188 searched for by Kai Khus-
under Tawurg desertward, rau, iv, 248
iv, 188 fears of the f ranians concern-
marches to meet Kai Khus- ing, iv, 249
rau, iv, 190 Kai Khusrau takes counsel
commands the centre, iv, 190 with Kai Kaus about, iv,
hears of Kurakhan's defeat 25S
and return, iv, 193 wanderings and wretched
hears that Rustam is ad- plight of, iv, 2.59
vancing, iv, 194 takes refuge in a cave near
fails inattempt to surprise Barda', iv, 259
Rustam and withdraws to lament of, overheard by
Gang-bihisht, iv, 194, Hiim, iv, 260
seq. capture of, by Hum, iv,
asks aid from the Faghfur, 261
iv, 196 Darmesteter on, iv, 136
prepares Gang-bihisht for a and unbound by Hum,
pitied
siege, iv, 107 iv, 262
besieged in Gang-bihisht, escapes into lake Urumiah,
iv, ig8, 208 seq. iv, 262 and note
offersterms of peace to Kai attracted by the voice of
Khusrau, iv, 203 Garsiwaz, iv, 263
rallies his troops at the holds converse with Garsi-
storming of Gang-bihisht, waz, iv, 266
iv, 2og recapture of, by Hum, iv,
escapes, iv, 211 2G6

gets possession of the trea- slain by Kai Khusrau, iv,
sures of PfrAn, iv, 2Tq 268
196 GENERAL INDEX
Afrasiyab, daughter of = Fa- Ahran, has the dead dragon con-
rangis, iv, 304 veyed to Caesar's court,
Khan of Chin descended iv, 348
from, vii, 334 marries Caesar's third
hoard of, viii, 14S, 406 daughter, iv, 348
Africa, vi, 30 Mirin and, display their
Afri'gli, king of Kh'.razm, ii, 190 accomplishment on the
'Afrit, genie, i, 42 riding-ground, iv, 349
Agani, Sargon I. of, v, 293 Caesar's wrath with Mirin
Age, old, Firdausi's lament over and, iv, 351
his, ii, 336 Mirin and, send a scornful
Golden. See Golden. inessage to Caesar, iv, 353
Aghraeratha (Ighn'ras, q.v.), iv, set to guard the baggage,
137 iv, 355
Aghrerad (Ighn'ras, q.v.), i, 338 i Ahriman, the Zoroastrian Evil
Aghriras. See Ighriras. Principle, sometimes used
Agni, Vedic personification of metaphorically, 139,1, 5, 6,
fire, ii, 25 50, 134. 138, 159, 194.205,
Ahdn^mak (Andarznamak), Pah- 2t8, 236, 238, 241. 245,
lavi treatise, vi, 257 287, 315, 360 ii, 34, 42, ;
Ahmad, son of Isma' il, Sdmanid, 43. 51. 53. 56, 78, 160.
vii, 383 208, 214, 217, 250, 260,
Ahmad, son of Sahl, lord of Marv, 303. 315. 324. 358, 3f>i.
V, 260, 261 374 seq., 405 seq. ; iii,
Ahmad, Fazl son of. See Abii'l 17, 123, 214,228, 2.51,266,
'Abbas Fazl. 275, 277, 287, 293, 294.
Ahmad Hasan Maimandi, minis- 300, 303, 304, 314, 316,
ter of Mahmiid, i, 32, 39, 318, 338 iv, 23, 41
; seq.,
45 45, 46, 89, 103, 124, 128,
Ahmad ibn Muhammad, patron 130, 162, 163, 179, 206,
of Firdausi, i, 29 243, 272, 288, 342, 348,
Ahran, Ruman chief, 154, iv, 352 ; V, 17, 33, 36, 45, 50,
342 seq., 353 90, 99, 103, 122, 123, 125,
bidden by Caesar to slay the 147, 177, 198, 206, 246,
dragon of Mount Sakila, 271, 276; vi, 106, IT2,
IV, 342 206, 240, 281, 290, 299,
takes counsel with Minn, 318, 384; vii, 89, 233,
iv, 342 265, 271, 290, 312, 323,
referred by Mirin to Hishwi, 334. 359. 366, 367, 369 ;
iv, 344 viii, 19, 21, 22. 86, 87, 176,

Ahran, required by Gushtasp to 177, 198, 210, 219, 243.
furnish liini with arms, iv, 293. 333. 3f>4. 421 ix, ;
345 8, 18, 73, 74, 79, 91

goes with Gushtasp and envies Gaiiimart, i, 118
Hishwi to Mount Sakila, son of (the Black Div), i, 119
iv, 34^' Surush warns Gaiumart
Hishwi and, welcome (kish- against, i, 119
tcisp on his return, iv, ridden by Tahmuras, i, 125,
347 127
gives gifts to Gusht4.sp, iv, = Zahhak, i, 162
347 = Salm and 'J"ur, i, 194
GENERAL INDEX 197
Ahriman=AfrAsiyAb, i, 366 Akwan, appears in the form of
Faith of, ii, 358 ; vi, 281, 290 an onager, iii, 273 seq.
= idolatcT, viii, 54 pursued by Kustam, iii, 275
= Band\vi or Guslaliam, foils Kustam, iii, 276
Sy
viii, takes Kustam at a disad-
= Kharrad, son of Jiarzin, vantage, iii, 276
viii, III offers Kustam a choice of
= Bahram Chiibina, viii, 295 deaths, iii, 277
Ahuna Vairya, Zoroastrian outwitted by Kustam, iii,
sacred formula, v, 17 277
Ahura Mazda (Urmuzd), the slain by Kustam, iii, 28 1
Zoroastrian Good Prin- described by Rustam, iii, 282
ciple, i, 116, 235 ; ii, 23 Al, place, ix, 93
81 ; iv, 137 Alans (Alani), people, now the
Ahwaz, city and province Ossetes of the Caucasus,
(KhuzistAn, Susiana), i, 141, 167, i, 217 ; iv, 14,
28G vi, 35, 199, 298, 357;
; 60, 65, 301 ; vi, 395 ;
vii, 197, 198, 201, 214, viii, 36<)

224 viii 400, 402
; invade Iran, i, 19
Airan-veô (Iran-vej q.v.), ii, i8g castle of the, 223 i,
Akem IVIanau, Zoroastrian de- taken by Karan, i, 223,

mon, iii, 271, 272 seq.
=Akuman = Akwan, iii 272 castellan of, duped by
assails Zarduhsht v, 17 Karan, i, 224
Akesines (Chinab), Indian river, monarch of, vi, 395
vi, 31. 64 Nushirwan's dealings with,
Akhast, Turanian hero, 151 ; vii, 216, 239 seq.
iv,105 King of = Khusrau Parwiz,
chosen to fight with Zanga, viii, 208, 209, 213
iv, 97 Alar, a village in Ardshir-Khurra
slain by Zanga, iv, 106 q.v., vi, 205
Akhshunwar ( Achshunwar) , Albfriini, Abu Raihan ]\Iuham-
Haitalian king, vii, i6o mad, Oriental author and
Akki, foster-father of Sargon I chronologist (A.D. 973-
of Agani, v, 293 1048), ii, 189
Aknaton, Pharaoh (XVIII account of Alfir (Gangdizh ?)
dynasty) by, ii, 190

lover of peace like Yazda- Alburz, mountain-range south of
gird, son of Shapiir, vi, 371 the Caspian, also mythi-
'Akr Babil, prison, viii, 194, 196 cal range (Hara-bcre-
Akuman. See Akem Manau. zaiti) surrounding the
Akwan, div, J50, iii, 270 seq., 280 earth, 142, i, 4, 71, 145,
seq.,284, 309 158, 235, 248, 250, 277,
Story of, iii, 271 298, 351. 373 ii. II. 23, ;
Professor Noldekc on the, 27, 79. 96, 1-14. 336, 401 ;
iii, 271 iii, 120 ; iv, 136 ; v, 202 ;
Firdausi on, iii, 273, 281 177

vii, ix, ; 95
boukler of, iii, 271, 27O, 309, Faridiin taken by his mother
343. 344. 347 to, i, 152
removed from pit's mouth Zci.1 cast away, and found,
by Kustam, iii, 345 upon, i, 241 seq.
iq8 GENERAL INDEX
Alburz, Kai Kubad brought by Alexander the Great, Roxana
Rustani from, i, 3.S2 scq. (Rushanak) and, vi, 30, 32
Kai Kaiis' buildings on, ii, reign of, first years of, in
81 history and romance, vi,
-
Aleppo (Chalybon Beroea), city 30
in northern Syria, vii, Darius' banquet, his flight
218 ; viii, 41 from, vi, 30
Alexander king of Epirus
I, his pursuit of, vi, 31
Italian expedition of, vi, 12 murderers of, his treat-
attributed to Alexander ment of them in history
the Great, vi, 12 and romance, vi, 32, 33
Alexander the Great (Sikandar daughter of, marries, vi,
q.v.), B.C. 356-323. son of 33
Philip II of Macedon and Eakirs and, vi, 61
his queen Olympias, 1,14, Calanus and, vi, 61
49 ; ii, 8 seq. ; iv, 314 ; Porus and, historical ac-
V, 30 ; vi, 193, 194, 204, count of, vi, 63
252, 253, 373 vii, 383 ; camp of, his visit to, vi,64
barrier of, i, 16 vi, 78 ; iron steeds, his device of, vi,
legend of, in the Kuran, 64
78
vi, stature of, vi, 64
persecutor of Zoroastrian- Cleophis and, vi, 65
ism, i, 15, 59, 61, 63, 338 Ammon, Oasis of, his visit
paternity of, i, 55 and note ; to, vi, 65
vi, 16, 18 Candace (Kaidafa) and, vi,
one of the Zoroastrian triad 65 5^^.
of evil, i, 59 and note Antigonus (Naitkun), as-
said to have burnt the Zoro- sumes name of, vi, 66
astrian scriptures, i, 63 Plutarch's Life of, vi, 67
Zoroastrianism under, i, 63 Brahmans, visit of, to the,
Era of, ii, 190 vi, 67
accompanied by experts to Indus mistaken for the Nile
the East, vi, 11 by, vi, 68
Romance origin and
of, marvels of his return-jour-
growth of, vi, 12 seq. ney, vi, 69
diagram to illustrate, vi, admiral of (Nearchus), vi, 69
84 Amazons and, vi, 12, 72
Syriac Christian Legend of, legend of, vi, 72
See Syriac. Gloom and Fount of Life,
Muhammad's references to, legend of his expedition
in the Kuran, vi, 15, 77 to, in the Pseudo-Cal-
Persian national hero, how listhenes, vi, 74 seq.
he became, vi, 15 Andreas, his cook, legend of,
cities founded by, vi, 13, vi,76
18 in the Kuran, vi, 77
name, Persian legend of his, Will of, vi, 81
vi, 19 death of, vi, 82
Aristotle, tutor of, vi, 29 dispute over his place of
letter to, vi, 68 interment, vi, 82
correspondence about the corpse of, taken to Memphis,
succession with, vi, 81 vi, 82
GENERAL INDEX 199
Alcxaiukr, the Great, interred at Alkus, fights with, and worsts,

Zawara, ii, H5
Alexandria, vi, 82
slain by Kustani, ii, 113
lonil) of, vi, 8z
Mas'i'uH on, vi, 82 Allah, Muhammadan name of
the Deity, 5"

on, vi, 82
i,
Chrysostom
S. Khalifa
wars on the death of, vi, Al Mansur, 'Abbasid
founder of
197 (A.D. 754-775).
Baghdad, vi, 254
Alexander, son of Alexander the
Almds, river, iii, 251
Great and Cleophis (?). vi, Sul-
Alp-Arselan (Arslan), Seljuk
65 tan (A.D. 1063-1073), n,
Alexandria (Iskandariya q.v.), 219 note
and
sea-port in of the Ghazni-
city Alptigin, founder
Egypt, vi. 13. 15. 17. 83 vid dynasty, i, 20
founded Alexander the
by Altuniya, place, ix, 92
Great, vi, 13
Aiwa, Rustam's spear-bearer,
Pseudo-Callisthenes orig-
slain by Kamus, I49'
inated at, vi, 13 188
iii,
Alexander, the Great, buried
Aiwa, Iranian hero, probably
at, vi, 82 identical with the above,
his tomb at, vi, 82
V, 166
Mas'iidi on, vi, 82 Niish Azar, v,
on, vi, 82
slain by
S. Chrysostom 226
Alfir (Gangdizh ?), palace-fort- Amasis, viii, I93
tress of the capital of their disputed visit to
Amazons,
Kharazm, 190
ii,
Alexander, the Great, vi,
Al Hadr. See Hatra. 12, 72
'AH, husband of Fatima, daugh- origin of, vi, 71
ter of Muhammad, and described, vi, I53 5<'?-
fourth Khalifa (A.D. 656 Sikandar's correspondence

—661) with, and visit to, vi, i53
Muhammad on, i, 12, 106
-
cult of, i, 13 Ambar (Anbar, Piriiz Shapur),
" left bank of
known as the Lion," i, 13. city on the
107 the Euphrates some forty
assassination of, i, 13 miles west of Baghdad,
Firdausi's references to, i, founded by Shapur son of
107; Urmuzd The
24. 37. 40, 41. 106, (Sapor
"
II.)
ii, 337 and

note word means granaries."
Dilamite, friend and vi, 3-7 viii, 188
'All, the i
helper of Firdausi, i, 35 '• foundation of, attributed to

ix, 121 the Azdites, i, it
transcriber of the Sh4h- Ambassadors, instances of kings
nama, i, 39 and chiefs going in person
Alif, terminal, Firdausi's use of, as ambassadors or spies,
iii. 283 vi, 3^5
Al Iskandariis. See Ilalai. Ambuh, place, 41 iii-,
per-
Al Khidr (Khisr q.v.), the Green Amen-Ra, Egyptian god
Prophet, vi, 78 and
note sonated by Nectanebus.
vi, 16
Alkiis, Turanian hero, ii, 114
200 GENERAL INDEX
Ameshapentas, tlio, personifica- Andalus (Land of the West oy of
tions of good (]ualitics in the Vandals), Spain, r^^g,
Zoroastrian tlicology, iii, vi, 66, 122, 138
271 V. 15 seg.
;
queen of (Kaidafa (j-v.), vi,
Amida (Diyarbakr), city on the 121 sec/.
upper Tigris, vii, 187 Andaman, Iranian noble, viii,

Ami'n, 'Abbasid Khalifa, (A.D. 202
809-S13), i, 14 Andarab, town in Afghanistan
Ammianus Marcellinus (4th cen- between Balkh and Kabul,
tury A.D.) Roman histor- iv, 65
ian, V, 13 Andariman, Turanian hero, 151,
Ammon, Oasis of, Alexander the ii, 264 iv, 26
; v, 29 ;
Great's visit to, vi, 30, 65 fights with Gustaham, iv, 87

'Ammuriya, Riiman stronghold steed of, slain by Hajir, iv,
in Asia Minor between 87
Sivri Hisar and Ak-Shahr rescued by the Turkmans,
probably representing the iv, 87
ancient Amorium but chosen to fight with Gurgin,
sometimes confounded iv, 97
with Angora (Anguriya) slainby Gurgin, iv, 104
the ancient Anc3'ra fur- Andariman (Vajjdarcmaini),
ther to the north-east, vi, brother of Arjasp, v, 12,
23 note, 89, viii, 46 (C/. 141. 135
LEC. pp. 134, 153) commands one wing of the
Failakiis marches from, host, V, 46
against Darab, vi, 23 executed by Asfandiyar, v,
Amorium. See 'Ammuriya. 158
Amr, Arab chief, attacks Hur- Andarznamak (Ahdnamak),
muzd, viii, 93 Pahlavi treatise, vi, 257
Amul, city in Mazandaran, i, 145, Andiv, country, viii, 313
177. 289, 298, 344, 366, Andiyan, Iranian wairior, jy2
367 ; ii, 104
18, v, 284
; ; viii, 225, 257, 259, 269, 293,
vii, 89, 237 viii,
; 355, 294, 296
SSfJ, 358, 392 ix, 86
; deceived by Caesar's talis-
Amul. See Amwi. man, viii, 273
Amulet,of Kai Khusrau, iv, 133 Bahram Chubina writes to,
given by Zarduhsht to As- viii, 285
fandiyar, v, 130 receives Kirman, viii, 313
Amwi (Amul, Amuyah, now Andreanticus, sea, vi, 77
Charjui), city on the left Andreas, Alexander the Great's
bank cf the Oxus where cook,
crossed by the route from legend of, vi, 76 seq.
Marv to Bukhar4, iv, 11, in Kurdn, vi, 77
65, 154, 184, 206; vii, Androphagoi, the, iii, 191
91 and note. 331, 357,359; Anestres Castri = Nushirwan, vii,
yiii.
354 383
Andbdeh, vi, 32 Angora. See 'Ammuriya.
Ana.^sth(?tics, employment of, i, Angra Mainyu =Ahrinuin, ii, 28
236, 321 seq. Animals, domestication of, i, 126

An bar. See Ambar. Ant, the, l-irdausi's plea for, i,
Ancyra. Sec Ammuriya. 201 and note
GENERAL INDEX 20I
Antahiya (Antioch), city in .\rab, Arabs, 162, i6j, ii, 79, 81,
Syria on the Orontes, i6j, 99 ; iii, 14 iv, 14 ; v, ;
viii, 41 31 ; vi, 66, 171, 209, 254,

taken by Niishirwan, vii, 321 seq., 377, 385, 396,
218, 25S scq. 398, 402, 406 ; vii, 10,
Anligonus (Naitkun), name as- 107, 201, 219, 244, 245,

sumed by Alexander the 247 ; viii, 67,94, 188, 190,
Great in legend, vi, 191, 208, 230, 241, 250,
66 251 ix, 3. 5. 25, 60, 69,
;
Antioch. See Antakiya. 70, 72, 75 seq., 79, 89. 92,

New, vii, 218, 250 94 seq., 114, 117
Antiochus, Macedonian general, migration of, northward, i,
1 1
vi, 76
Antiochus Sidetes, ii, 80, 81 raids of, into Persian terri-
Aogemaide, Pahlavi treatise, iv, tory, i, 12 vi,;17, 21,
136
Antipater, regent in Macedonia domination of, over Iran, 1,
for Alexander the Great, 12 seq.

intrigued against by king = Mardas, i, 135
Olympias, vi, 82 = Zahhak, i, 139, 275
Aphrodite, goddess, iv, 315 rebellion of, against Kai
Apollo, god, and the Python, Kaiis, ii, 83
vi, 203 Afrasiyab fights with, for
Apologues, i, 242, 265, 285 ; fran, ii, 92

iii, 332 iv, 18, 21, 28,
;
Darab demands tribute from
47 vi, 310
; ix, 86 ; vi, 22
Apothegms, 259, 260
i, 11, 157, ; steed, i, 243, 251, 290 vi, ;
1 58, 224, 254, 273,

170, 380 viii, 126, 302 ix, 11
; ;
298, 300, 313, 315, 330. cymbal, vi, 244

357. 383 ; iii. 53. 9i. 96, invasion of, viii, 72, 93 ix, ;
167, 188, 212, 260, 277, 3. 65 seq.

301, 316, 341, 348, 350, withdraw, viii, 96
351 ; 32, 33, 38,
iv. 13. sage, sages, vii, 406
39. 59, 93. 108, 121, 131, quoted, vii, 277
268 V, 78, 105, 168, 214,
; tribes, ix, 65
242, 249, 250, 265 vi, ; triumph of, over Dhu Kar,
50, 303. 343 vii, 17, 18,
; ix, 66
20, 42, 270, 277, 296, 301, chieftain, incites Abu Bakr
403 viii, 119, 166, 206,
;
to invade Persia, ix, 66
215, 221, 235, 295 ix, ;
concentrate at Kddisiya, ix,
87, 88, no 67
Apprentice, a merchant's, enter- booty found by, at Ctesi-
tains, and finds favour phon (?), ix, 68
with, Bahrani Gur, vii, annex Mesopotamia, ix, 68
40 seq. Khiizistan, ix, 68
Apries (Pharoah-Hophra, B.C.
= 'Umar, ix, 72
589-570). vi, 16 seal, ix, 82
Apsheron, peninsula on the =:Sa'ad, ix, 84
western shore of the Cas- defeated, ix, 85
pian, i, 58, note Nushirwin's dream of, viii,
Aptya. See Ablin. 66 seq., ix, 92

202 GENERAL INDEX
Arabia, ii, loo vi, 70, 72, 206,
; Araxes (Aras q.v.), battle of, viii,
322, 355 viii, 24 note
;
76
trade of, ancient, i, 1 1 Arayish-i-Kum (1 lierapolis), city
Iran and, the portion of in northern Syria, west
Traj, i, i8y of the Euphrates and
Shapiir son of Urmuzd's north of Aleppo, vii, 217,
expedition to, vi, 322 218, 254 viii, 188 ;
Arabian, Arabians, vi, 378, 388, taken by Niishirwan, vii,

ix, 74. 85 255
Faith, vi, 95 Arba, river, viii, 194, 195
Nights, i, 51 vi, 71,78,250; ; Archer, iv, 179
vii, 317 constellation, v, 86
provenance of, vi, 250 ;
Archery, i, 263, 297, 312, 359 ;
vii, 3 n, 163, 266, 293, 328 ;
quoted, vi, 73 iii, 53 scq.. 74, 93. 9^ seq..

Arabic, language, i, 32 ; vi, 179 scq., 246 iv, 38, 48, ;
147, 205 viii, ; 73 ; ix, 99, loi, 102, 104, 107, 122,
81 179. 338; V, III, 122,
infrequent in Shahnama, i, 229, 239 seq., 272 ; vi,
47 379, 383 seq. ; vii, 54,
versions of Pahlavf texts, vi, 55, 80, 118, 122, 125
255 seq. Archimages, 141, 168, lyo, iy6
Fables of Bidpai (Kahla and Architect, Riiman, and Khusrau
Dimna) translated into, Parwiz, viii, 401 seq.
vii, 382, 430 Architecture, invention of, i,
Tabari. See Tabari. 129, 133
Arachosia, the district about Archscribe, 171. See Izid Gas-
Kandahar, vi, 32 hasp and Mihran.
Aragan (Ramkubad), town, vii, Ard, day, i, 88, q.v., ii, 287 iv, ;
188 252 vi, 298, 390 and

;
Aral Sea, i, 57 note iii, 10 ; note ; vii, 112 ; ix, 70,

Arar tree, vi, 19 122
Aras (Araxes), river in Azar- Shahnama finished on the
baijan, v, 13, 14 day 24 of, i,
confused with the Oxus, i, Ardabil (Badan - Piruz q.v.), city

71. 370 in Azarbaijan, ii, 336, 405,
Arash, king of the Khiizians iv, 147, 188 vii, 89, 163, ;
q.v., 146, 148

iv, 224 ; viii, 93, 99, 100,
Arash, son of Kai Kubad. See 184, 226
Kai Arash. Ardawan, Bahrdm, Artabanus
Arash, Ashkanian king, vi, 197, III or IV, the last Ash-
210 kanian (Parthian) king,
Arash, Iranian chief, vi, 394 160, 161, vi, 3, 205, 214
Arash, city. See Hulwan. seq., 254 seq., viii, 214, 285
Arastalis (Aristotle q-v.), j6o, Macrinus, his war and treaty
vi,35 with, i, 81
counsels Sikandar, vi, 179 effect of, on Persian coin-
sentences of, over the coltin age, i, 81
of Sikandar, vi, 185 = Bahram, vi, 197, 210
Aristi, uncle of Zarduhsht (Zor- status of, in Persian tradi-
oaster), V, 17 tion, \i, 201
GENERAL INDEX 203
ArtlawAn, daughter of i6t, vi, ArdawAn, secretary of, slain by

202 Shapur, 256
vi,
marries Ardshir PApakdn, = Mihrak Mithrak =
=
vi, 202, 229 Madik (?), vi, 256
incited by her brother Ardibiliisht, ameshaspenta q.v.,
Bahman to poison Ard- iii, 286, 328
shir Pajiakan, vi, 259 month, i, 82 v, 16, 39,

;
condemned to death, vi, 92 note

260 Ardshir, son of Bizhan,
saved by Ardshir Papa- goes with Zarir to Rum, iv,
kan's minister, vi, 260 360
gives birth to Shapur, vi, hails Gushtisp as Shah, iv,
261 362
restored to favour, vi, Ardshir, son of Gushtdsp, 15^, v,
265 26, 51
writes to Papak, vi, 214 death of, foretold by Jam-
summons Ardshir Papakan 4sp, v, 49
to court, vi, 214 slain, v, 57
receives gifts from Ardshir Ardshir, Iranian hero, perhaps
Papakan, 215
vi, the son of Bizhan, supra
highly esteemsArdshir tells Nastiir where to find
Papakan, vi, 215 Zarir, v, 67

sons of, vi, 215, 255, 267 takes Fardmarz prisoner, v,
note 288
their fate, vi, 228, 229 and Ardshir (Bahman q.v.), Shah, vi,
tiote, 259 213, 271 and note
disgraces Ardshir Papakan, meaning of, v, 259 and note
vi, 216 Ardshir (Artaxerxes II), brother
Ardshir Papakan intrigues of Shapur, Sasanian Shah,
with slave-girl of, 160, vi, 163, vi, 3, 328
201, 217 seq. Shapur arranges for the suc-
eldest son of, made ruler of cession with, vi, 360 seq.
Pars, vi, 218 and note title of, vi, 364
consults the astrologers, vi, abdication of, vi, 364
218 Ardshir, high priest temp.^
Ardshir Papakan, vainly Piriiz, vii, 179 seq.
pursued by, vi, 221 seq. released by Khushnawdz,
returns to Rai, vi, 223 vii, 180
writes to his son about Ardshir, high priest temp.
Ardshir Papakan, vi, 223 Nushirvvdn, vii, 304, 333,
Ardshir Papakan marches 337. 34^
against, vi, 227 discourse of, vii, 305
prepares to encounter Ard- questions Buzurjmihr, vii,
shir Papakdn, 227
vi, 308
defeated, captured by Khar- Ardshir Khurra (Khurra - i - Ard-
rad, and slain by Ardshir shir), city, (Gur or Jur,
Papakan, vi, 228 now iMruzabad), and dis-
buried by Tabdk, vi, 229 trict in Pdrs, vi, 199, 205,
palace of, at Rai spared (?) 206, 229 and note, 231,
by Ardshir Pdpakdn, vi, 241, 245; vii, 206; viii,
229 and note 251, 252, 412 and note
204 GENERAL INDEX
Ardshir Khurra, city, Ardshir Ardshir Papakan, adherents flock
Papakan builds a I'lrc- to, vi, 223
temple in, vi, 230 addresses his supporters, vi,
makes irrigation-works in, 224
vi, 230 founds a city, vi, 202, 224
meaning of, vi, 290 -note receives promises of help,
Ardshir Papakan (Artaxerxes I), vi, 224
Shah and founder of tlie joined by Tabdk,
vi, 225
Sasanian dynasty, 160, Tabak and, defeat Bah-
161 i, 42 ii, 10 v, 10
; ; ; ; man, son of Ardawan, vi,
vi, 193, 209 note, 213 seq., 226
294 seq., 303, 307, 315, marches from Pars against
322, 325, 405 vii, 79, ; Ardawan, vi, 227
185, 212 viii, 191, 214,
; defeats and slays Ardawan,
222, 265, 270, 285, 392, vi, 228
393; ix, 105, 109, III as recorded in Karnamak,
Notes on, vi, 193 seq., 254 vi,202
seq. gives the spoil to the troops,
founds a new national vi, 229
dynasty, restores Zoroas- spares (?) Ardawan's palace
trianism, and collects its at Rai, vi, 229 and note
scriptures, i,62 seq. Tabak counsels, vi, 229
genealogical table of his marriage of, with Ardawan's
descendants, vi, 3 daughter, vi, 202, 229, 259
rise of, compared to that of returns to Pars, vi, 229
Cyrus the Great, vi, 194 builds Khurra-i-Ardshir, vi,
Tabari's account of, vi,i98 229 and note
legend of Cyrus the Great irrigation-works of, at
transferred to, vi, 195 Khurra-i-Ardshir, vi, 230
birth of, vi, 213 war of, with the Kurds, vi,
summoned to court by Arda- 196, 230 seq.
wan, vi, 214 and Haftwad,vi, 236 seq.
equipped by Papak, vi, 214 message sent by arrow to,
presents gifts to Ardawan, vi, 238
vi, 215 worsted by Haftwad and
Ardawan favours, vi, 215 entertained and coun-
prowess of, in the chase, vi, selled by two youths, vi,
215 239 seq.
disgraced, vi, 216 slays Mihrak, vi, 241
writes to Papak, vi, 216 marches to attack the Worm
advised by Papak, vi, 216 vi, 241
intrigues with Guln4r, vi, gives instructions to Shahr-
217 seq. gi'r, vi, 241
hears from Gulnar of the stratagem of, against the
presage of the astrologers, Worm, vi, 242
vi, 219 slays the Worm and its
flees with GulnAr to Pars, attendants, vi, 244
vi, 220 seq. summons Shahrgir, vi, 244
followed by the divine Grace and note
in the form of a mountain- takes Haftwcid's stronghold,
sheep, i, 374 ; vi, 221 seq. vi, 244
GENERAL IXPF.X 2o5
Ardshir P^pakdn, defeats and Ardshfr Pdpakin, harassed by

slays Haftwad and Shah- wars, consults Kaid, vi,
wi. vi, 245 266

carries off the spoil, vi, 245 wroth at Raid's advice, vi.
builds a Fire-temple, vi, 245 267
rewards the two youths, vi, seeks in vain for the daugh-
245 ter of Mihrak, vi, 268
invasion of Kirman by, vi, referred to, vi, 270
205. 245 discovers Urmuzd, vi, 271
goes to Taisafun, vi, 245 counsels Urmuzd, vi, 280
principles of government of, calls and counsels Shdpur,
vi, 250, 273 seq., 2S6 seq. vi, 286 5^17.
Church and State, his views
Reign of, 161, vi, 254 seq.
Note on, vi, 254 on, vi, 250 seq., 286
length of, vi, 254 duration of his dynasty, vi,
Tabari on, vi, 254 252, 257, 289
coins of, vi, 256, 257, 265 death of, vi, 291
Shapiir crowned by, vi, 257 Baluchistan, his failure to

cities of, vi,257 conquer, vii, 242
prophecy of, vi, 257 Nard, invention of, attri-
enthroned at Baghdad, vi, buted to, vii, 382
258 True Cross in treasury of,
title of King of kings of, vi, viii, 380
193. 199. 273

-^54. 258, Ardshir, son of Shirwi, Shah,
inaugural address 258 of, vi, 175. ix, 43 seq.
daughter of Ardawan and, makes Piruz general, ix, 44
stories of, vi, 255 entertains Piruz at feast, ix,
plot of, with her brother 48
Bahman, to poison, vi, death of, ix, 49
259 treasury of, squandered by

discovers plot against him, Guraz, ix, 53
vi, 260 Areâ/-aspa. See Arjasp.
consults his minister, vi, 260 Aries, constellation, i, 88, 118,
condemns the daughter of 310. 335; iii. 26, 38. 187,
Ardawan to death, vi, 260 318 ; iv, 24, 147, 158, 180;
minister of, saves daughter V, 39, 109, 118, 119, 126;
of Ardawan and mutilates viii, 342, 394
himself, vi, ig6, 261 Ariobarzanes, the murderer of

Shapur, son of, born, vi, 261 Darius Codonuinus, vi, 32
hears about Shapur from his Ariobarzanes, satrap, vi, 32 and
minister, vi, 262 note
recognises and acknow- Arish, legendary Iranian archer,
ledges Shapur, vi, 264 V, 62 vii, 234 and note ;
;
restores the daughter of viii, 75, 219 and note ; ix,

Ardawan to favour, vi, 265 25
rewards his minister, vi, 265 Aristobulus, Greek writer, temp.
makes a new coinage in Alexander the Great, vi,
honour of his minister, vi, 12
256, 265 Aristotle (Arastdlis q.v.), Greek
builds Jund-i-ShApiir, vi, philosopher (B.C. 384-
266 322)
2o6 GENERAL INDEX
Aristotle, Alexander the Great's Arjasp, gives Kuhram the com-
tutor, vi, 29 mand in chief, v, 56
letter to, vi, 68 thrice offers rewards to any
correspondence with, that will fight Zarir, v, 61,
about the succession, vi, 62
81, 83 offer of, accepted by Bidi-
silk-worm, his account of, rafsh, V, 62
vi, 204 calls for Bidirafsh to fight
ArjAsp, Turanian hero, ii, 264 ; Nastur, v, 69
iv, 26 fightswith the franians, v,
Arjasp (Areja?-aspa), king of 71
Turan, 155, 156, i, 61 ; defeat of, v, 72
ii, 9, 29 iii, 109
; v, 9, ;
proclaimed by Gushtasp,
II seq., 20, 22, 24 seq., 29, V. 75
31, 51 seq., 89, 98, 99, 107 hears of Asfandiyar's im-
seq.. 116, 141, 142, 159, prisonment and of Gush-
167, 171, 172, 180, 206; tasp's absence in Sistan,
vii, 330, 335. 337. 359; V, 86
viii, 95, 104, 148 ; ix, 104 Summons his chiefs, v, 86
hoard of, viii, 148 sends Situh as spy to fran,
in receipt of tribute from V, 86
Gushtasp, v, 32 on receiving Sitiih's report
hears of Gushtasp's resolve calls out the host, v, 87
not to pay tribute, sum- sends Kuhram to attack
mons, and harangues his Balkh, V, 90
priests, v, 36 marches against Gushtasp,
sends Bidirafsh and Nam- V, 94
khast to Gushtasp, v, 37, commands the centre, v,
40 95
receives Gushtasp's answer defeats Gushtasp and be-
and calls out the host, v, leaguers him on a moun-
45 tain, V, 96
gives one wing to Kuhram, Asfandiyar's vow of, and
V, 46 prayer for, vengeance on,
the other to Andariman, V, 103, 104
V, 46 hears of Asfandiyar's arrival,
the chief command to V. 108
Gurgsar, v, 46 proposes to retreat, v, 108
banner to Bidirafsh, v, 46 sends awav the spoil of
vanguard to Khashash, v, Balkh, V," 108
46 five sons of, v, 108
rear to Hushdi'v, v, 46 persuaded by Gurgsar to re-
marches against Iran, v, 46 main and tight, v, 108, 109
defeat of, foretold by Jam- makes Gurgsar leader of the
^sp, v, 52 host, V, 109
gives one wing to Bidirafsh, arrays the host, v, 109
V. 55 commands the centre, v, log
the other to Gurgsar, v, surveys the battlefield from
56 a height, v, no
centre to Namkhast, v, 56 prepares for flight if needful,
takes the rear himself, v, 56 V, no
GENllRAL IXDEX 207
Arjasp, dismayed at Asfandi- Armenia, Roman, vii, 1S7

yar's prowess, reproaches Armenian, Armenians (Irman-
GurgsAr v, 1 1 1 ians), iii, 286; viii, 188,
hears of Gurgsir's capture 189, 195, 226, 248, 282
and flees, v, 112 version of the Pseudo-Cal-
entertains Asfaiuliyar dis-
guised as a merchant, v,
— listhenes,
like, 254
viii,
vi, 14
145 = Mausil, viii, 293 and note
questions AsfandiyAr, v, 146 Armi'n, son of Kai Kubdd. See

allows Asfandiyar to enter- Kai Armin.
tain the Turkman chiefs, Arnawaz, sister of Jamshid, wife
V. 149 ofZahhak and Faridiin,
prepares to attack Bishutan, and mother of fraj, i, 142
V, I.5 1 married to Zahhak, i, 146
bids Kuhram prepare for seq.
war, V, 151 counsels Zahhak as to his
sends out Turkhan with dream, i, 148
troops to reconnoitre, v, Faridun meets, i, 162
151 Zahhak tries to kill, i, 167
hears from Kuhram that As- son of, by Faridun, i, 177
"
fandiyar has come, v, 152 Arnold, Mathew, his Sohrab
bids the Turkmans march and Rustum," ii, 118
out in force, v, 152 Arran, the modern Karabagh,
palace of, attacked by As- the region between the
fandiyar, V, 153 Kur and Aras rivers, i, 9
arms and encounters As- Arrian, Greek historian (A.D.
fandiyar, V, 153, 154 96-180), vi, 31, 68
beheaded by Asfandiyar, v, Anabasis of, vi, 12
154 Indica of, vi, 12
palace of, fired and his wo- Caspian Gates of, vi, 32
men earned off by Asfan- on the stature of Porus, vi,
diyar, V, 154. 162, 64
head of, thrown from the Ichthyophagi, vi, 69 seq.
ramparts of the Brazen Alexander and the
Hold, V, 157 Amazons, vi, 72
sons of, grieve for, v, 157 death of Alexander, vi, 82
Asfandiyar takes the trea- Arrow-shots, three famous, viii,
sure of, V, 161
Khan of Chin descended Bahram Chubina's, viii, 126
from, vii, 334 Arsaces, name of the founder and
Arjuna, one of the five Paii- other kings of the Parth-
davas (Indian mythology) ian (Ashkanian) dynasty,
iv, 138, 139 vi, 197
Ark, 158 Arsacid, Arsacids, dynastic title
Arman, Armenia or district in of the above, iii, 9 vi, ;
Azarbaijdn, vii, 263 205, 255 ; vii, 156, 185,

Armani, Iranian chief, ix, 74 212
Armenia (Arman, Irman q.v.), imperial system of, vi, 198
country, iii, 12 vi, 202, ; some of, escape from Ard-
203 vii, 153, 224
; viii, ;
shir Pipakan to Armenia,
93, 96, 184, 193, -0-2. 377 vi, 203
2o8 GENERAL INDEX
Arsac-d, rivalry of, with Sasa- Arzhang. put in charge of Kai
nians, viii, 73 Kaiis and his troops when
Arsalas, murderer of Darius taken prisoners, ii, 41
Codomanus, vi, 32 slain by Rustam, ii, 57
Arses, Shah (B.C. 338-336) vi, 29 Arzhang, dungeon of, iii, 309
Arslan Jazib, one of Mahmud's Arzhang, Turanian hero, 148,
generals, i, 100 iii, 76, 77
referred to, i, 114 challenges the Iranians, iii,

Artabanus III (II according to 119
some reckonings), Parth- slain, iii, 120
ian king (A.D. 10-40), iii, Arzhang, Mani the heresiarch's
9, 10 house. See Artang.
Artabanus, son of above, iii, 9 Aryan, Aryans, race, iii, 10 and
Artabanus, Persian captain of note, iv, 137
the guard temp. Xerxes, race, i, 7
V, 282 early seats of, i, 7
Rustam and, v, 282 meaning of, i, 7
Artabanus III or IV (Ardawan organization of, i, 7
q.v.), vi, 20I primitive religion of, i, 7
8
Artang, the house of the heresi- belief in magic of, i,
arch Mani, ii, 19 and tiote ; division of, i, 8

vii, 355 and note ; viii, India and Iran conquered
172 and note, 362 and note by, i, 8
Artaxerxes Longimanus, Sliah, Indian, their relations with
V, 281, 282 the Iranians, i, 15
Bahman and, v, 2S2 Arzu, daughter of Sarv and wife
Artaxerxes Mnemon, Shah, i, 59 of Salm, i, 18S and note
Artaxerxes Ochus, Shah (B.C. referred to, i, 178 seq.
359-338), vi, 18 note, 29 Arzii, daughter of Mahiyar the
Nectanebus II conquered jeweller, vii, 59, 61
by 29
vi, referred to, vii, 55, 56, 58
murdered, vi, 29 sings to Bahram Gur, vii, 60
Artaxerxes I, Sasanian Shah. Bahram Gur woos and weds,
See Ardshir Papakan. vii, 61 seq.
Artaxerxes II (Ardshir brother meaning of, vii, 65 note
of Shapur), Sasanian Ascalon, city in Palestine, v, 292
Shah, vi, 363 Asdepias acida, plant. See
Arts, invention of the. See Homa.
Gaiumart, Hushang, Asfandiyar (Spc«to-data, Span-
Tahmuras, and Jamshid. dat), mythical Iranian
'Anis, treasure, viii, 406 and hero, son of ShAh Gush-
tasp, and the rival
7iote, ix, 20
in
Arwand (Dijla, Tigris), ii, 392, legend of Rustam, 155-

404 ; vi, 329 ; viii, 90 ; 157. i. 4^. 55 ii. 29 V, ; ;
ix, 85, 92 9, 10, 12, 24 seq., 29, 30,

Faridun's crossing of the, i, 41 seq., 45, 49. 69 seq.,
I Co 90 seq., 25S, 259, 261,
Arzhang, a di'v and commander 279, 281 seq., 289, 290,
of the troops of Mazan- 293 ; vi, 15, 49, 55.
daran, 143 ii, 43, 44, 56
; 200, 213, 224, 242, 251,
seq., 63, 64 v, 203 ; 271 ; viii, 95, 104 and
GENEILIL IXDF.X 209
Asfandiyar— com/. .•\sfandiyar, put in bonds, v.

tiote, 171, 270, 33.', 395 84
vo(e ; ix, 25, 26 note, 104 sent to Gumbadcin, v, 84
invulnerability of, v, 19 solaced by Bahman and
sisters of, 156, v, 20, 22 others, v, 85
carried off by the Turk- Jamasp advises Gu.shtdsp
man?, V, 93, 100, 171 to release, v, 07
rescued by, v, 153, 162 hears of arrival of Jamasp,
lament over, v, 252 seq. V, 98. 99
marriage of, with Ilumdi, parley of, with Jdmasp, v,
V, 22, 77 99 seq.
ignored by Firdausi, v, 22 eight and thirty brothers
birth of, V, 32 of, v, loi, 103, III, 160
answers, in conjunction with bids Jamasp send for black-
Zarir and Jamasp, Ar- smiths, V, lOI
jasp's letter, v, 42 breaks his bonds himself, v,
triumph of, over ArjAsp 102, 206
foretold by Jamasp, v, 52 calls for his steed and arms,
given command of one wing, V, 102

V. 55 sets off with Bah-
Jamasp,
addresses his five brothers, man, and Niish Azar, v,
V, 65 103
hears his father's offer of vow of, v, 103
the crown and throne to laments over Farshidward,
the avenger of Zarir, v, 66 V, 104
slays Bidirafsh, v, 70 prays that he may avenge
presents the head of Bidira- Farshidward on .\rjasp, v,
fsh and the steed of Zarir 104
to Gushtasp, V, 71 shrouds Farshidward, v, 105
divides the host, v, 71 sees and addresses the corpse
attacks, with Nastiir and of Gurazm, v, 105
Niish Azar, the Turkmans, passes the Turkman trenches
V, 71 and defeats the outposts,
grants quarter to the Turk- V, 106
mans, v, 72 interview of, with Gush-
made chief ruler of frin tasp, V, 106
under Gushtasp and sent receives the promise of the
by him to convert the crown and undertakes to
world, V, 76 deliver Gushtasji, v, 107
restsfrom his labours, v, 77 arrays and leads the host,
makes Farshidward gover- V, 109
nor of Khurasan, v, 77 attacks the Turkmans, v,
reports the success of his no

administration to Gush- defeats Kuhram, v, no
tasp, V, 77 takes Gurgscir prisoner, v.
slandered by Gurazm, v, 78 Ill
recalled to court, v, 80 seq. defeats Arjdsp, v, 112, 206
sons of, 157, V, 80, 81 grants quarter to the Turk-
resigns his host to Bah man, mans, V, 113
V, 82 distributes the spoil, v,
arraigned by Gushtasp, v, 83 114

vol.. IX. o
2IO GENERAL INDEX
Asfandiyar, undertakes to rescue Asfandiyar, guided by Gurgsar
his sisters from the Turk- crosses ford with host,
mans, V, 115 V, 140
prepares to invade Tiirdn, cursed by Gurgsar, v, 141
V, 115 slays Gurgsar, v, 141
Seven Stages (Haft Khwan) surveys the Brazen Hold, v,
of, ii, 29; V, 27, 118, 119, 142
121, 135, 162 viii, 171
;
captures, questions, and
Story of, 1^6, V, 116 seq. slays two Turkmans, v,
compared with Rustam's, 142
V, 117 Bishiitan and, consult, v,
rivalry in legend between 143
Rustam and, v, 116 stratagem of, to take the
quitsBalkh and goes, with Brazen Hold, v, 116, 143
Gurgsar as guide, to disguised as a merchant,
Tiiran, v, 120 interviews Arjasp, v, 145
offersthe kingdom of the assumes the name of Khar-
Turkmans to Gurgsar in rad, V, 146
return for faithful service, questioned by Arjasp, v, 146
V, 120 trades as a merchant in the
questions Gurgsar, v, 120 Brazen Hold, v, 147
seq.,124, 125, 128, 131, meets his sisters, v, 147
134. 139, 141 gives a banquet to the Turk-
during his adventures in man chiefs, V, 149
the Seven Stages, leaves surprises the Brazen Hold,
Bishiitan in command, v, V, 152 seq.
122, 124, 126, 129, 132 provides for his sisters'
note, 144 safety, v, 153
praised by Bishiitan and the attacks the palace of Arjasp,
host, V, 123, 125, 131, 133 V, 153
scythed chariot made by, encounters Arjasp, v, 154
V, 126 beheads Arjasp, v, 154
revived by Bishiitan after fires Arjasp's palace, v, 154
encountering the dragon, carries off the women, v,

V, 127 154
song of, V, 129 quits the Brazen Hold and
amulet given to, by Zar- leaves Sawa in charge, v,
duhsht, V, 130 .154
encourages the Iranians to joins Bishiitan, v, 155
persevere, v, 136 pursues Kuhram to the
prays for deliverance from Brazen Hokl, v, 156
the snow, v, 138 encounters and takes Kuh-
leaves the baggage behind, ram prisoner, v, 157
V. 138 grants no quarter to the
reproaches Gurgsar for giv- Turkmans, v, 158
ing false information, v, puts to death AndarimAn
139. 140 and Kuhram, v, 158
offers to make Gurgsar announces his victory to
captain the Brazen
of Gushtasp, V, 159
Hold if he will be a trusty disposes of the spoil, v,
guide, V, I4Q t6t
GENERAL INDEX 211
AsfandiyAr, carries off his sisters, Asfandiydr, goes attended to

the womenfolk of Arj4sp, \
meet Rustam, v, 192
and others from the 1
parleys with Rustam, v,

Brazen Hold, v, 162 192 seq.
sets fire to, and dismantles, declines Rustam's invita-
the Brazen Hold, v, 162 I
tion to visit him, v, 193
sends his sons homeward by invites Rustam to a feast,
dirterent routes, v, 162 V, 195
returns himself by the Seven repents of having invited
Stages, V, 162 Rustam, v, 196
picks up his left baggage, counselled by Bishiitan to
V, 162 keep on friendly terms
hunts while waiting for his with Rustam, v, 196, 217
sons, V, 162 does not summon Rustam
rejoined by his sons, v, 163 to the feast, v, 197
welcome of, on his return wrangles with Rustam, v.
to fran, v, 163 198 seq.
banquets with Gushtasp, v, does not assign Rustam his
164 proper seat at the feast,
fight with
of, Rustam, v, 200
Story 156 of, remonstrated with by Rus-
recited by Nadr, son of tam, V, 200
Harith, at Mecca, v, 166 bids Bahman resign his own
complains to his mother of \
seat to Rustam, v, 200
Gushtasp's treatment of vilifies Zal and Rustam, v,
him, V, 167 201
counselled by his mother, recounts his lineage, v, 205
V, 1 68, 175 his exploits, v, 205
j
fate of, foretold by Jamasp, his capture of a hill-fort,

V, 169 V, 206
recounts his deeds before tries a handgrip with Rus-
Gushtasp, V, 170 tam, V, 208
promised the throne by 1
challenges Rustam, v, 209
Gushtasp when he has astonished at Rustam's
brought Rustam and his prowess at the board, v,
kin in bonds to court, v, 210
173. 174 declines Fustam's overtures,
meets with an ill omen on V. 211 seq.
"
starting for Zabulistcin, v, I
calls Zabulistan Babble-
177 I
stead," V, 216
consults with Bishiitan, v, parodies Rustam's address
178 to royal tent-enclosure,
sends Bahman on an em- V, 216
bassage, V, 179 seq. arms for fight with Rustam,
message of, to Rustam, v, V, 223
179 refuses Rustam's sugges-
receives Rustam's answer tion of a general engage-
from, and is wroth with, ment, V, 224
Bahman, v, 191 informed by Bahman of the
converses of Rustam with slaying of Niish Azar and
Bishiitan, v, 192 i\Iilir-i-Nush, v, 227
212 GENERAL INDEX
Asfandiyar, enraged with Rus- Asfandiyar, Bahman on the ven-
tam, V, 228 geance due for, v, 283
wounds Rustam and referred to, v, 288
Rakhsh, v, 229 Asfandiyar-nama (Spand-dit-
jeers at Rustam v, 229 nama), v, 26, 27
calls upon Rustam to sur-
Ashemaogha, vii, 188
render, V, 230 Ashi Vanguhi. the genius of
returns to camp, laments
piety, iv, 137
for Nush Azar and Mihr-i-
and sends their Ashk, presumed founder of the
Niish,
Ashkanian (Parthian)
corpses to Gushtasp with
dynasty, vi, I<J7, 210
a message, v, 232
converses with Bishutan of meaning of, vi, 197
the fight with Rustam, v, Ashkabiis, Turanian hero, j./.^>
232, 240 iii,183, 186, 207, 268

Simurgh instructs Rustam challenges the Iranians, iii,
how to overcome, v, 237 179

seq.
Ruhham worsted by, iii, 179
branch of tamarisk fatal to,
Rustam's fight with, iii, 109,
V, 239 and note 179 seq.
summoned by Rustam to referre 1 to, viii, 75
fight and becomes des- parleys with Rustam, iii, iSo

slain by Rustam, iii, 181
pondent, V, 240
Rustam's final effort for Ashkanian, Ashkanians, race and
peace with, v. 241 seq. dynasty, i, 49 iii, 9, 11 ; ;
Bahman and Bishutan hear v, 10, 282 vi, 196, 209

; ;
of the overthrow of, v, 244 viii, 214

address of, to Bishutan, v, duration of rule, vi, 193
245 times, Firdausi's lack of
Rustam bewails, v, 246 materials for, vi, 193
confides Bahman to Rustam, surviving traditions of,
V, 248 transferred to other
foretells evil for Rustam, v, dynasties, vi, 194
248 importance of, vi, 194
gives his last charge to genealogy, vi, 197
Bishutan, v, 249 Ashkash, Iranian hero, iii, 33, 34,
death of, v, 250 89, 347. 350, 332 ; iv, 13,
Rustam laments over, v, 250 57. 61. 65
corpse of, sent to GushtAsp Rustam and, go to rescue
by Rustam, 251 v, Bizhan, iii, 334
funeral procession of, con- conveys baggage toward
ducted by Bishutan, v, Iran, iii, 34O
251 Kai Khusrau sends, to
lamentations over, v, 252 Khdrazm, iv, 15
seq. Shida defeated by, iv, 60, 72
corpse of, displayed by troops recalled, iv, 145
of,
Bishutan, v, 253 seiit with a host to Zani, iv,
Rustam writes to Gushtdsp I.S7
to excuse himself in the pillage of Makrdn by,
matter of, v, 256 stopped by Km Khusrau,
Xerxes and, v, 282 iv. 243
GENERAL INDEX 213
Ashkasb, appointed governor of .\strologcr, consulted by Sikan-
Makraii, iv, 244 dar, vi, 180
Kai Khusrau welcomed by, Ardawan, vi, 218
on his return from Gang- Vazdagird, son of Shapiir,
dizh, iv, 251 vi, 375 seq., 390
Ashtad, Iranian chief, ix, 1 1 seq. Bahram Gur, vii, i.}.], 145
chosen to visit Khusrau Khan of Chin, vii, 353
Parwiz at Taisafun, ix, 9 Talhand, vii, 408, 413, 418
and Kharrad parley with Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 372
Galini'ish, ix, 11 Astyagcs (Istuvcgu), king of the
visit Khusrau Parwiz, ix, IMedes (Manda q.v., 15. C.
12 584-550)
report to Shi'rwi, ix,27 conquered by Cyrus, i, 18 ;
Asia, iv, 315, v, 293, viii, 187 vi, 194

Minor, vi, 30 ; viii, 193, 194 identified by Armenian his-
Central, vi, 73 torians with Zahhak, i, 72,
Asmodcus, demon, iii, 272 144
Asoka, Indian king (B.C. 264- Mandane and, legend of, ii,
228-7). i, 15 190
Asp, as Persian termination, ii, 9 Afrasiyab and, in legend, ii,
Assurbanipal, Assj'rian king, and 191
Khusrau Parwiz, reigns Asura. See Ahura.
of compared, viii, 193 Atbara, tributary of the Nile, vi,
Assyria, v, 292 65
Assyrians, i, 10 Athenaeus, Greek writer (2n(l-3rd
invasions of fran by, i, 10 centuries A.D.), iv, 316
Astawadh. See Haftwad. Deipnosophistae of, ii, 10
Astivihad, demon, iv, 137 quoted, iv, 314
Astrolabe, i, 104, 188, 310 note ; Athens, schools of, closed by
ii. ^15, 273 iv, 158, 297
; ;
Justinian, vii, 280
vi, 376 vii, 353
; ix, 73 ; Athravans, priests of the Cult of
Astrologer, Astrologers, Astro- Fire, i, 56
logy,1, 104, 18S. 255, 310 Athwya. See Abtin.
and vote ii, 233, 284,
; Atkinson, James, on the Shah-
409 iv. 27. 158, 159, 279,
; nama, vi, 250
284, 334, 335 v, 48, 168; Atossa, wife of Cambyses and
seq., 263 vi, 108,
; 109, Darius Hystaspis, v, 11
114, 132, 195, 198, 201. = Hutaosa, wife of Gush-
218, 227, 377 ix, 73 ;
tasp (?), V, 1 1
importance of, in Shah- Atropatene (Azarbaijan q.v.), i,
nania, i, 52 9, 61
consulted by Faridiin, 194 i, primitive seat of I'ire-wor-
Minuchihr i, 251, 307 ship, i, 56
Zk\ i, 255 sub-kingdom in Parthian
S4m i, 278 times, 198 vi,
Kai Kaus ii, 103, 215, 217 Attock, town on the Indus in
Afrasiyab, ii, 273 iv, 158 ; northern India, vi, 52
Siyawush, ii, 282 Aurand, father of Shah Luhrdsp,
Kustam, iii, 219 v, 205
Kai Khusrau, iv, 158 Aurva/-aspa (Luhrasp q.v.), iv,
Human, v, 310 316 v, II
;
214 GENERAL INDEX
Autumnal equinox, iv, 313 Azar Abadagan (Azarakhsh,
Kai Luhrasp crowned at, iv, Azargashasp q.v.), Fire-
313 temple at Shiz (Takht-i-
Avars, Caucasian tribe, viii, H)\ Sulaiman) near the south-
Avasta. See Zandavasta. eastern border of Azar-
Avidius Cassius, Roman general, baijan, not at Tabriz with
vi, 291 note which the place has been
Awa, Iranian hero, iv, 149 wrongly identified (NT,
Awaza, stronghold, lyo, viii, 134, p. 100, note), IJ2, IV,
138 259 ; vii, 86, 224, 362 ;
Axumite, Ethiopian, dynasty, viii, 282 ; ix, 74

viii, 24 note importance of, i, 61
Ayas, region, v, 61, 74, 107 visited by Kai Khusrau,
Ayin Gashasp (Yazdanbakhsh), iii, 20
Iranian noble, lyi, viii, Kai Khusrau and Kai Kaus
75, 150 note, 222 go on a pilgrimage to, iv,
Hurmuzd consults, viii, 174, 258
177 Khatiin, wife of Khan, sent
and the prisoner, story of, to serve at, vii, 5
viii, 177 seq. Bahram Gur visits, vii, 86,
marches to Hamadan, viii, 94
178 Nushirwan visits, vii, 250,
consults a seer, viii, 178 363
murdered, viii, 181 Azar Afruz, third son of Asfan-
avenged by Bahram Chu- diyar, v, 81
bina, viii, 181
Azarakhsh (Azargashasp, Azar
troops of, disperse, viii, 181 Fire-
Azad Sarv, Firdausi's authority Abadagan q.v.),
temple, i, 61
for the Story of Rustam
and Shaghad, v, 260 scq. importance of, i, 61
Azad Sarv, archmage and agent Azarbaijan (Atropatenc q.v.),
of Niishirwan, v, 261, vii, province in north-western

283 and note Persia, i, 9, 61 ii, 336 ; ;
iv, 136 V, 16 vi, 198,

goes to Marv, vii, 283 ; ;
discovers Biizurjmihr, 203 vii, 160, 214

;
vii,
283 meaning of, i, 56
returns with Buzurjmihr to Azargashasp, spirit of the light-
court, vii, 283 ning, i, 73, 248, 309, 349 ;
Azada, Riinian slave-girl, vi, 382 ii, 57, 294, 345 iii, 23, 53. ;
goes hunting with Bahram 72. 92, 97. "4. 194. 276,
Giir, vi, 382 327; iv, 84, 100, 147,
tries to shame Bahram Giir 175. 275, 307, 360 ; vi,
in hismarkmanship, vi, 381 ; vii, 21, 79, 2^2 ;
383 viii, 46, 122, 152, 176,

slain by Bahram Giir, vi, 245. 256, 415
384 and note temple of (Azar Abadagan
Azar (Azarbaijan q.v.), ii, 195 q.v.), iv, 136. 258, 259 ;
Azar, genius, iii, 287, 328 vii, 89, 250, 317. 365;
Azar (Adar), month and day, i, viii, 68, 184, 210 and note
88, 89 vi, ;41 1 viii, ;

visited by Kai Khusrau,
244, 421 ix, 17 ; iii, 20
GENERAL IXDEX 215
Azargashasp, temj)l ^ of Kai I!al)r-i-Hayan, a surcoat of leo-

Khusrau and Kai Kaus pard or tiger skin worn by
go on a pilgrimage to, Rustam in battle, iii, 184,
iv, 238 186
rcfcrrocl li>, i\-, J64 referred to, iii, 278
= Gushasp q.v., vi, 212 Babylon (Babil, gate of the god),
and note city on the left bank lA
Bahram Gur visits, vii, the Euphrates, now repre-
86, i3<) sentee! by the modern
high priest of, converts Hillah on the right bank,
Sap.'nud to Zoroastrian- ii, 80 ; iii, 286 ; vi, 17,
ism, vii, 139 31, 81, 83 ; viii, 191. ^49 i
Niishirwan visits, vii, 250, ix, 65, 9^

hanging gardens of, v, 293
Khusrau Parwiz visits, Sikandar marches toward,
viii, 283, 307, 312 vi, 176, 178
Azargashasp, Iranian warrior, prodigious birth at, vi, 81,
viii, 296 180
Azar Makan, father of Farrukh- Sikandar sickens at, vi, 181
zad, viii, 40S dies at, vi, 81, 183
Azarmdukht, Sliah, lyj, v, 294 ; Zahhak king of, ix, 65
69 Babylonia, ii, 80, 81
•
ix, 56, 59,
reproaches Kubad, ix, 7 Babylonian, vi, 254
end of, ix, 59, 60 script, vi, 320
Azarnarsi, son of Hurmuzd son Bacchus, Saint and IMartyr, viii,
of Narsi, vi, 318 188
Azdites, Arab tribe, i, 11 Bactria, region between the
Azhi, \zi (Dahaka, Zahhak q.v.), Hindu Kush and the
i, 142 ii, 81
; Oxus, vi, 32, 198
Bactrian plains, iii, 10
camels, viii, 47 ; ix, 93
Badakshan, region south of the
Upper Oxus and east of
Babak, Tribal Iving. Sec Papak. Balkh, famous for its
Babak, muster-master of Nushir- rubies, iv, 65, 192
wan signet-ring of, i, 300
bidden to enrol the host, gem of, vi, 382 and note
767, vii, 230 Bddci.n-Piruz (Shahram - Piruz,
insists on Niishirwan 's at- Ardabil q.v.), city built
tendance for enrolment, by Shah Piruz in Azar-
vii, 231 biiijan, i66, vii, 160, 163
asks pardon of the Shah, vii, Badar, Jiadr, battle of, ii, 337
note, V, 166
Babar, founder of the Mogul Bad Awar, treasure viii., 406,
dynasty in India and nott', i<., 20.
resolutions of, as to wine- Baeton, Greek writer, temp.
drinking, vii, 75 note Alexander the Great, vi,
Babblestead, nonce name given 12
by Asfandiyar to Zabul- Baghdad, city on the Tigris,
istan, V, 216 founded by the 'Ab-
Babil (Babylon (j.v.), 160 basid Khalifa Al Mansur
2l6 GENERAL INDEX
Baghdad — cont. Bahman, follows Rustam to the
as his capital in A.D. 762, hunting-ground, v, 184
on the site of an old Baby- tries to kill Rustam, v,
lonian city (Baghdadu), 184
161, 165, i, 14, 160 iii, ;
interview of, with Rustam,
35 iv, 147, 256
; V, 28 ; ; v, 185 seq.
vi, 254, 290, 322, 327 ;
entertained by Rustam, v,
vii, 83 and note ; viii, 109 186
note, 112, 174, 193, 203, astonished at Rustam's
393 ix, 68
; appetite, v, 186
Ardshir Papakan enthroned leaves Rustam, v, 190
at, vi, 258 gives Rustam's answer to
Yazdagird quits, ix, 88 Asfandiyar, v, 191
Persian settlement of, ix, 67 Asfandiyar's wrath with, v
raided by Arabs, ix, 67 191
Bagiz, vi, 32 resigns his seat at the feast
Bagoas, vi, 29 to Rustam, v, 200
Bahar, district in Turkistan informs Asfandiyar of the
where Siyawushgird was slaying of Niish Azar and
built, ii, 286 Mihr-i-Nush, v, 227
Bahman (Vohu Manau), ame- hears of Asfandiyar's over-
shaspenta q.v., iii, 286, throw, V, 244
327 V, 16; vi, 362 and ;
confided to Rustam by
note Asfandiyar, v, 248
Yasht, PahlaviText, vii, 188 Zawara warns Rustam
month and day, iv, 81 note, against, v, 250
V, 310; vii, 31 and remains with Rustam, v,
note 252, 256
Bahman (Ardshir, Artaxerxes), instructed by Rustam and
son of Asfandiyar, Shah, profits thereby, v, 256
156, J57, i. 42 ii, 9 ; ; Gushtasp advised by Jam-
v, 81, 166, 251, 254, 293. asp to write to, v, 258
297, 303 ; vi, 20 note, 34 Gushtasp 's letter of recall
and note, 49, 200, 213, to, v, 258
270 and note ; viii, 270 equipped by Rustam for his
eldest son of Asfandiyar, v, journey, v, 258
80 welcomed and called Ard-
Asfandiyar resigns the host shir by Gushtasp, v, 259
to, V, 82 and note
hears Asfandiyar's im-
of long arms of, v, 281
prisonment, V, 85 appointed by Gushtasp to
goes with others to solace succeed him, v, 279
him, V, 85 historical position of, in
accompanies Asfandiyar Persian legend, v, 281
from Gumbadan, v, 103 ascends the throne and har-
sent on an embassage, v, angues the chiefs on the
179 seq. vengeance due for Asfan-
crosses the Hi'rmund, v, 182 diyar, V, 283
coming of, reported to Z41, invades Sistan, v, 2S4 seq.
V, 182 sends a hostile message to
interview of, with Zdl, v, 183 Zal, V, 285
GENERAL INDEX 217
Bahman, rejects Zal's concilia- Bahram (V'ardancs), son of
tory overtures, v, 280 ( ii'id;irz anil Ijrotiier oi tjiv,
sacks Zal's jiaiace, v, j86 Iranian hero and Parth-
pillages Zabulistaii, v, 287 ian king, 145, 147. 14^ :
lights, defeats, aiul exe- ii. ii. 3.5. 38. 5«. 62, 85,
cutes Faramarz, v, 288 127, 138, 144, 158, 249,
Bishutan intercedes for Zal 257, 258, 271, 290, 318,
with, V, 288 338, 340 ; iii, 13, 15, 19.
stops the pillage of Zabul 43, 46 seq., 67, 72, 95 seq.,
and rt'lcascs Zal, v, 289 114, 116, 132, 200, 214,
quits Zabul by Bishutan's 232 iv,; 8, 312 vi, ;
advice, v, 290 197

passes over his son SAs4n takes part in the Fight of the
and nominates Humai antl Se\'en Warriors, ii, 107
her issne as successors to seq.
the throne, v, 291 goes with Siyawush against
death of, v, 294 Afrasiyab, ii, 226
referred to, v, 310 put in command by Siya-
Bahman, son of Ardawan, 160, wush, ii, 250, 257
161, vi, 202, 225, 227, 260 I
interviews Farud, iii, 47 seq.
made ruler of Pars, vi, 218 Farud presents his mace to,
and vole iii, 50
referred to, vi, 222 reports his interview with
bidden by Ardawan to seek Farud to Tus, iii, 51
out Ardshir I'apakan, vi, tries to save Farud, iii, 52
223 reproaches the Iranians, iii,
wounded and put to flight 66
by Ardshir Papakan and slays Kabiida, iii, 74
Tabak, vi, 227 rescues the crown of Riv-
escapes to Hind after the niz, in, 94
defeat of Artlawan, vi, 228 1 loses his whi]i, iii, 11, 95
urges his sister to poison ! becomes fey, iii, 93
Ardawan, vi, 259 succours a wounded brother,
Bahman, Iranian magnate, temp. iii, 97
Xiishirwan, vii, 312 ; viii, 1
finds his whip, iii, 95
22 loses his horse, iii, 95
Bahman, castle of, in Azar- set on by Turkmans, iii, 98
baijan, 146, ii, 336, 405 Ruin, 99 iii,
seq. wounds Ruin, iii, 99

Bahrain, group of islands off interviews Piran, iii, 99
the Arabian shore of the attacked by Tazhdv, iii,
Persian Gulf, vi, 330 ix, ;
loi
68 found by Giv, iii, 102
Bahram, genius, iii, 287, 328 ;
death and burial of, iii, 104
vii, 406 and note Bahram, son of Zarasp, Iranian
day, viii, 279 hero, goes with Zarir to
fatal to Bahr4m Chubina, Rum, iv, 360
viii, 337 and note. 339 commands the host in
and 7tote Zarir's absence, iv, 360
Bahrdm, moralist, quoted by hails Gushtdsp as Shdh, iv,
Firdausi, ii, 186 302
2l8 GENERAL INDEX
Bahram, franian warrior or king, Bahram, son of Siyawush, wife of,
iv, 268 warns Bahram Chubina,
Bahram = Ardawan, \î, 197, 210 viii, 247
Bahrani, son of Piruz, Iranian pursues Khusrau Parwiz,
warrior, temp. Bahram viii, 233
Giir, vii, 85 besieges Khusrau Parwiz,
Bahram, father of Shirwi temp. viii, 236
Nushirwan, vii, 251, 262 beguiled by Bandwi, viii,
Bahram, son of Urmuzd, Sasan- 236. 243
ian Shah (Varahran I), returns with Bandwi to
162, vi, 3 Bahram Chubina, viii,
receives the throne from, 238
and is counselled by, blamed by Bahram Chu-
Urmuzd, vi, 303 seq. bina, 238
viii,
mourns for Urmuzd, vi, given custody of Bandwi,
306 viii, 238
Reign of, vi, 307 seq. slain by Bahram Chubina,
Note on, vi, 307 viii, 247
appoints his successor and Bahram, Iranian general, left in

dies, vi, 309 charge of host by Khus-
Mani and, vi, 327 rau Parwiz, viii, 296
Bahram, son of Bahram, Sasan- Bahram, father, in Persian
ian Shah (Varahran II), Tabari, of Bahram Chii-
162, 308
vi, 3, I
bina, viii, 77
appointed to succeed his Bahram, name of, inscribed on
father, vi, 309 cup incites Khusrau Par-
Reign of, vi, 310 wiz to afflict Rai, viii,
Note on, vi, 310 365 and note
story told of, vi, 310 Bahram Azarmihan, Iranian
Bahram, son of Shapur, Sasan- scribe, lyo
ian Shah (Varahran IV), Hurmuzd attempts to
J'5J, vi, 3, 371 suborn, viii, 85 seq.
Reign of, vi, 36S Hur-
reveals state-secret to
Note on, vi, 368 muzd, viii, 88
ruler of Kirman, vi, 368 put to death, viii, 89
title of, vi, 313, 368 Bahram Bahramiyan, Sasanian
seal of, vi, 368 Shah (Varahran III), 162,
Tabari's account of, vi, 368 vi, 3. 316. 3^4. 334
daughter of, vi, 369 Reign of, vi, 313
resigns the throne to his Note on, vi, 313
"
brother, vi, 369 miscalled Kirmanshah,"
dies, vi, 369 vi, 313, 368
Bahram, son of
Siyawush, iy2, appoints his son to succeed
viii, 75, 163, 245 him, vi, 314, 315
reported slain, viii, 128 Bahram Chubina, son of Gas-
returns with captive sor- hasp, marchlord of Rai,
cerer, viii, 128 Persian warrior and usur-
speech of, viii, 166 per, lyo-iys, i, 14 ; vi,
related to Bahram Chubina, 209, 250 ; viii, 70, 73,
viii, 187 184, 187, 199, 209, 214,
wife of viii, 187 215. 343 seq.. 352 seq..
GF.xrn.ir ixnr-x 210
Bahram Chubina — coul. i>ahrain Clu'ibina, refuses Sciwa's
350 360, iSi
seq., ; ix, o, olfcrs, viii, 113 seq., 117
15, 16, 22, 91, 105 seq.
Romance of, viii, 72 seq., counselled by Kluirrad, viii,
1S7, igi, 304 itolc ; ix, 5 121
NiJldckc on, viii, 73 arrays his host, viii, 122
account of, viii, 72 prayer of, before battle,
seller of sheep's heads and, viii, 123
viii, 74, 107 encourages the franians
dream of, viii, 75 against Sawa's sorcery,
withholding of booty by, etc., viii, 124 seq.
viii, 76, 1
48 defeats and slays Sawa, viii,
insult of Ilurmuzd to, viii, 126
doings of, after battle with
defeat of, in I.azic war, viii, Sawa, viii, 130
76 rewarded by Hurmuzd, viii,
sends swords to Ilurnuizd, 133
viii, 76 ordered to attack Parmuda,
parentage of, viii, 76, 77 viii, 133
malicious speech about, viii, holds revel in a garden,
77. 150 135
viii,
coinage of, viii, 77, 173 attacked by and defeats

brought to notice of Hur- Parmuda, viii, 135 seq.
muzd, viii, 98 besieges Parmuda in Awaza,
described, viii, 98, 206 viii, 138
identified by Zad Farrukh, informs Hurmuzd, viii, 138
viii, 99 negotiates for surrender of
sent for by Hurmuzd, viii, Awaza with Parmuda,
100 viii, 138 seq.
consulted by Hurmuzd, viii, receives surrender of, and
100 insults, Parmuda, viii, 143
made commander-in-chief, blamed by Kharrad and
viii, 102 archscribe, viii, 144
selects his troops, viii, 102 tries to appease Parmuda,
justifies his method in so viii, 145
doing, viii, 104 liasinventory made of the
receivesRustam's banner wealtii in Awaza, viii, 147
from Hurmuzd, viii, 105 sends fzid Gashasp witli
Mihran as recorder from spoil to Iran, viii, 148
Hurmuzd, viii, 106 Hurmuzd begins to suspect,
marches from Taisafiin, viii, viii, 151
106 advances of, to Khan re-
refuses to be recalled, viii, jected, viii, 153
108 goes to Balkh, viii, 153
marcfics to Kliuzislan, viii, guided by an onager, viii,
log and note 136
hay-seller and, viii, 109 incited to seek the king-
marches toward Dama- ship, viii, 158
ghdn, viii, 109 change in, viii, 158
parley of, with Faghfur, questioned by Kharratl, \iii,
viii, 112 i5'S

220 GENERA T. INDEX
Bahrain Cliubina, sends Yalan- Bahrcim ("liul'fna, deceived by
sina after Kharrad and forged letters, viii, 287,
archscribe, viii, 159 293. 294
pardons archscribe, viii, 160 marches against Khusrau
Luck of, viii, 162 Parwiz, viii, 2S7
renounces allegiance to goes to Azar Abadagan,
Hurmuzd, viii, 162 viii, 28S
intercepts the royal letters, arrays his host, viii, 289

viii, 163 fights with and slays Kut,
consults the chiefs, viii, 163 viii, 290
becomes friends with the sends back corpse of Kut,
Khan, viii, 172 viii, 291
appoints a prince for Khura- worsts Rumans, viii, 292

"
san, etc., viii, 173 Harvest of," viii, 292
marches to Rai, viii, 173 charges and routs Khusrau
avenges murder of Ayin Parwiz' centre, viii, 294
Gashasp, viii, 181 fights with Gurdwi, viii, 294
historical campaign of, goes to fight Khusrau Par-
against Khusrau Parwiz, wiz and his body-guard,
viii, 189 viii, 297
carline and, viii, 1S9, 303 leaves Janfuriiz in charge
marches to the Kahrawan, of host, viii, 297
viii, 201 puts to flight and pursues
spies' report of, to Khusrau Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 298
Parwi'z, viii, 201 Suriish saves Khusrau Par-
Khusrau Parwiz marches to wiz from, viii, 209
meet, viii, 203 deserted by his chiefs, viii,
interview of, with, viii, 302
204 seq. retreats, viii, 302
tampers with troops of releases Nastuh, viii, 306
Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 225 goes to Rai, viii, 306
combat of, with Khusrau welcomed by Khan, viii, 316
Parwi'z, viii, 228 asks oath of Khan, viii, 317
arrives at Taisafiin,
viii, 231 counsels Khan to resist
sends Bahram, son of Siya- Makatiira, viii, 318
wush, in pursuit of Khus- challenged by Makatiira,
rau Parwiz, viii, 233 viii, 319
blames Bahram, viii, 238 fight of, with Makatiira, viii,
chides, warns and im- 320
prisons Bandwi, viii, 238 Khan sends gifts to, viii, 321
addresses the magnates, viii, asked by Khan's wife to
239 avenge ^dealh of her
elected Shah, viii, 243 daughter on lion-aje, viii,
gives malcontents three 324
days to quit Iran, viii, 244 battle of, with lion-ape, viii,
plot against, viii, 245 seq. 325,

warned, viii, 247 of, demanded by
extradition
slays ]5ahram, son of Siya- Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 328
wush, viii, 247 urges Khan to make war
hears of Bandwi's escape, on frdn, viii, 330
viii, 248 sets foith for frdn, viii, 331
GENERAL INDEX 221
Bahrain Chiibina, Kharrcid at- BahrAm Gi'ir, returns with

tempts to prejudice, with Nu'm^n to Yazdagird, vi,
Khcin. viii, 333 386
arrives at Marv, viii. 336 complains of Yazdagird to
fatal day of, viii, 337, 339 Munzir, vi, 387
Kulun seeks interview with, receives advice and his slave-
viii, 330 girl from Munzir, vi, 3S8
stabs, 340 viii. falls into disgrace at court,
sister of,mourns, viii, 340 vi, 389
dying speech of, viii, 341 asks Tainush to intercede
makes Yalan-sina his man- for him, vi, 389
datory, viii, 342 released and return? to Mun-
letter of, to Khan, viii, 343 zir, vi. 390
burial of, viii, 343 welcomed by Munzir, vi, 390
name of. on cup, viii, 365 hears of his father's death
and n?tz and of the election of
assassination of, referred to, Khusrau, vi, 395, 396
ix, 4 claims the kingship and is
Bahram Giir, Sasanian Shah snpported by Munzir, vi,
(Varahran V), 163-165. i, 396 seq.
42 vi, 3, 250, 325, 329
; interview of, with Jawanwi,
and note, 394 seq. vii, ; vi, 398
160, 164, 165, 170 and negotiates w'th the Iran-
note, 174, 178, 187, 334, ians, vi, 401 seq.
359; viii, 75, 129 and Iranians produce examples
note ; ix, 26, 77 of Y'azdagird's cruelty to,
birth of, vi, 375 vi, 404
Yazdagird advised by mag- addresses the Iranians, vi,
nates to choose governor 404
for, vi, 376 proposes to decide the ques-
put in Munzir's charge, vi, tion of the kingship by
372. 378 ordeal, vi, 403
goes with Munzir to Yaman, promises to rule justly, vi,
vi, 378 406
nurses of, vi, 378 agrees to be the first to face
education of, vi, 378 seq. the ordeal, vi, 409
obtains his tutors' dismissal, Reign of, 164, vii, 3 seq.
vi, 380 Note on, vii, 3 seq.
makes choice of steeds, vi, length of, vii, 3
380 largely legendary, vii, 3
slave-girls, vi, 38 1 character of, vii, 3
goes to the chase- with a resembles Jarnes V of Scot-
slave-girl, vi, 382 land, vii, 3
markmanship of, vi, 383 accession of, vii, 7
seq. age of, at, vi, 373
slays his slave-girl, vi, 384 inaugural measures at,
and note vii, 7 seq.
goes hunting with Nu'm^n holds eight days' court, vii,
and Munzir, vi, 384 7 seq.
picture of, hunting, sent to appoints ministers, vii, 4,
Yazdagird, vi, 385 8, II

222 GENERAL INDEX
Bahrani Gur, sends letters to Bahram Giir reproaches Ruzbih
the chiefs, vii, 8 for parsimony, vii, 83
pardons his enemies, vii, 9 reported to be given up to
makes festival for three pleasure, vii, 84
days, vii, 9 reproached by his chiefs,
rewards Nu'man and Mun- vii, 84
zir, vii, 10 secret preparations of,
honours Khusrau, vii, 10 against the Khan, vii, 85
remits arrears of taxes, vii, summons his chiefs, vii, 85
II levies a host, vii, 86
restores the nobles exiled makes Narsi viceroy, vii, 86
by Yazdagird to their goes to Azar Abadagan, vii,
honours, vii, 1 1 86, 94, 139
proclamations of, vii, 12, march of, to Marv against
79, 82 the Khan, vii, 89
persecutes the Christians, defeats the Khan at Kash-
vi,373 vii, 4
; mihan, vii, 4, 5, 90, 170
war of, with Rum, vii, 4 note
adventures of, 164, vii,' 4, marches on Bukhara, vii,
12 seq. 90
forbids wine-drinking, vii, defeats the Turkmans, vii,
91
allows wine-drinking again, grants peace to the Turk-
vii, 25 mans, vii, 91
whip of, vii, 47, 54, 63, 64 boundary pillar of, vii, 92,
ecjuipage of, for the chase, 160, 161, 164
vii, 48, 76 makes Shahra ruler of
loses and finds his tughral, Turan, vii, 92
vii, 49, 50 goes to Istakhr, vii, 95
visit of, to Barzin, vii,
49 seq. makes gifts of treasure, vii,
marries Barzin's daughters, 95. 96
vii, 53 deposits the Khan's crown
hunting-feats of, vi, 383 in a Fire-temple, vii, 95
seq. ; vii, 54, 55, 77, 80, 81 goes to Taisafun, vii, 95
visitsa jeweller, vii, 56 seq. welcomed by Narsi and the
course of life of, bewailed by chiefs, vii, 96
Ruzbih, vii, 56 remits taxes for seven years,
many wives of, vii, 56 vii, 5. 97
asks and obtains Arzu in happiness of the world
marriage, vii, 61 seq. under, vii, 99
visit of, to Farshidward, vii, bestows Khurasan on Narsi,
68 vii, 99
forbids all plundering, vii, inquires about Caesar's en-
79 voy, vii, 100
ear-marks and brands gives audience to Caesar's
onagers, vii, 81 envoy, vii, loi
remits the tribute of Barkuh Caesar's questions to, vii, 102
and Jaz, vii, 82 parting gifts of, to Caesar's
visits Baghdad, vii, 83 envoy, vii, io6
holds revel at Baghdad, addresses the archmages,
vii, 83 vii, 106
GENERAL INDEX 223
Bahrdm Gur, wazi'r complains of BahrAm Giir, appointed Shan-
Shangul to, vii, loy gul's heir, vii, 143
writes to Shangul, vii, 110. parting gifts of, to Shangul,
visit of, to Hind, vii, 3, 112 vii, 144
seq. takes account of his trea-

motive of, vii, 5 sures, vii, 144
fabulous, vii, 6 term of life of, foretold by
bears his own letter to Hind, the astrologers, vii, 144
vii, 112 resolves to levy no more
audience of, with Shangul, taxes, vii, 145
vii, 112 unsuccessful attempts of, to
entertained by Shangul, vii, benefit his subjects, vii,
116 146 seq.
wrestles before Shangul, vii, Gipsies introduced into fran
117 by, vii, 6, 149
displays his markmanship appoints Yazdagird his suc-
before Shangul, vii, 118 cessor, vii, 150
calls himself Barzwi, vii, death of, vii, 6, 150
121 Firdausi's reflections on,
slays monsters, vii, 121 seq. vii, 150, 151
offered a daughter and great mourning for, vii, 151
advancement by Shangul, Bahram-Gushnasp, father, in
vii, 127 Arabic Tabari, of Bahram
takes to wife one of Shan- Chiibina, viii, 77
gul's daughters, vii, 128 Bahram Tal, viii, 138 and note
receives an invitation from Baida (White), a town in Pars a
Faghfiir, •/ii, 129 few miles north of Shi'raz,
reply of, vii, 130 not to be confounded
Sapinud of his wish to
tells with the stronghold
"
quit Hind, vii, 131 known as White Castle"
meets some Iranian mer- further north, i, 236 vi, ;
chants and pledges them 198 and note, 199

to secrecy, vii, 133 Baigand, city and fortress
feigns sickness, vii, 134 (Kuhandizh ?) between
escapes with Sapinud, vii, Bukhara and the Oxus,
134 vii, 176
reproached by Shangul, vii, Afrasiyab encamps at, iv,

135
makes a league with Shan- marches from, iv, 154
gul, vii, 137 Mahwi encamps at, ix, 118
welcome of, on his return, Baisinghar Khan, grandson of
vii,137 Timur the Lame, life of
addresses the nobles, vii, Firdausi by, i, 23
13S edition of Shahndma of, i,
praised by the nobles, vii, 23

130 preface to, i, G7
makes a new treaty with Baitu'l Mukaddas (Gang-i-Diz-
Shangul, vii, 140 hukht), Zahhak's capital
entertains Shangul and (Babylon ?), also an Arab
seven other kings, vii, name for Jerusalem, i,
140 seq. 161

224 GENERAL INDEX
Baitu'l Har^m, the Kaaba q.v., Ealkh — conf.
119, 121
vi, vii, 94. 331. 359, 384 ;
of pray-
B^j, Zoroastrian system viii, 22, 74, 95. 153. 159.
insr, i. So 161, 173 ix, 116 ;
Bakhtagan, father of Buzurj- ancient seat of Aryan civili-

mihr, vii, 279 zation, i, 7
Baku, town on the peninsula of situated on ancient trade-
Apsheron on the western route, i, 57
shores of the Caspian and seat of the Magi, i, 60 seq.
a chief centre of the Zoroaster's successful evan-
petroleum industry, i, 58 gel at, i, 61 V, 18 ;
nole Zoroaster slain at, i, 61 v,

Bakyir, mountain where
Afra-
92. 93
siyab had a palace, iv, 136 rhyme-word, Firdausi's dif-
Balaam, prophet, v, 15 ficulty with, i, 74
Bal'ami, Abii 'Ali Muhammad Shahnama, scene of, shifted
al-, (died A.D. 99^), to, ii, 317
9.; iv,
Samanid minister and
Siyawush defeats Garsiwaz
compiler of the Persian at, and takes, ii, 229
version of Tabari's An-
Luhrasp makes, his capital,
nals, vii, 5 iv, 713
Balas (Balash q.v.), Sasanian becomes a devotee at, v,
Shah, vii, 170 seq.
Balash, king of Kirman, slain by Kuhram sent by Arjasp to
Ardshir Papakan, vi, 205 attack, V, 90
Balash (Balas), Sasanian Shah, stormed, v, 92, 93
166, vi, 3 Luhrasp slain at, v, 91, 93
appointed regent by Piruz, spoil of, sent away by
vii, 164 Arjasp, V, 108
hears of the overthrow of Asfandiyar quits, to invade
Pfriiz, vii, 1&9 Turan, v, 120
Reign of, vii, 170 seq. of, viii, 221
aphorist
Note on, vii, 170 bestowed by Mahwi on his
character of, vii, 171 son, ix, 115
introduces pubhc baths, vii,
Baluchistan (Gcdrosia,
•^
Baliich,
171 Makran), country, 167, ii,
end of, vii, 171 80, 226; iii, 34; iv, 136;
title of, vii, 171 vii, 340
vi, 12, 70 ;
accession of, vii, 171 Ardshir Papakan 's ill suc-

Siifarai's letter to, vii, 173 cess against, vii, 242
welcomes Sufarai on his
Nushirwan conquers, vii, 242
return from Turan, vii, becomes prosperous, vii, 362
181
Baluchis, people, vii, 241 seq.
dethroned, vii, 182 241
ravages of, vii,' 217,
Balkh, city in northern Afghani- chastised by Nushirwan, vii,
stan. 154, ^55. ii. loi- --8
242
231, 242, 246, 249; iii. viii,
iv, 19. 20, 65, Balwi, Iranian noble, 172,
153, 192 ;
V. 18, 20, 257, seq.

156. 157. 255 ;
talis-
deceived by Caesar's
29, 31. 33. 41. 48. 73. 86,
171. 255 man, viii, 273
87, 91. 104. ;
GENERAL I \ /)/:.\
L'alwi, praised by Casar, viii, 279 Band^vi, causes defeLtion of Pah-
receives Chacli, viii, 314 rim Chiibina's chiefs, viii,
Baniddt, father of Mazdak, vii, 302
188 insults of, to Niyitus, viii,
B^miyan, city in Afghanistan, 309. 310

north of the Kuh-i-liaba reconciled to Niydtus, viii,
mountains and famous 311
for its Buddhist remains, minister of Khusrau Parwiz,
iv, 65 viii, 313
Banak, Iranian chief, temp. Ard- adherents of, beheaded, viii,

shir Papakan, vi, 202 370
Bandawa, Sindian chief, defeated execution of, referred to, ix,
by Sikandar, vi, 175 16, 104
Band-i-Kaisar, dam at Shiish- Bani Tayy, Arab tribe, viii,
tar, 295
vi, 188
Bandwi, Iranian noble temp. Banquets, the Seven, of Niishir-
Kubad, vii, 207 wan, 168. See Niishir-
Bandwi, maternal uncle of wan.
Khusrau Parwiz, iyi-173, Baniigashasp, daughter of Rus-
viii, 200, 202, 204 seq., 224, tam and wife of Giv,
225, 227, 231, 234, 245 ii. 4
seq., 289. 296, 298, 356, stays with Rustam while
357; ix, 4 Gfv seeks Kai Khusrau, ii,
imprisonment of, viii, 77, 365
176 suitors of, ii, 383, 384
Gustaham and, escape and rejoins Giv, 395 ii,
revolt, viii, 182 Bar, mountain-range in Khura-

referred to, viii, 189 san, V, 30
put to death, viii, 191, 355 Bar, treasure, viii, 406 and note
accompanies Khusrau Par- Baraham, a Jew, 164, vii, 13
wiz in his flight, viii, 231 entertains Bahram Gur
turns back and murders scurvily, vii, 16 seq.
Hurmuzd, viii, 232 goods of, confiscated, vii, 20
Khusrau Parwiz,
rejoins viii, Barbad, minstrel, 175, viii, 396
seq., 406, ix, 29 and
233 note
promises to save Khusrau supersedes Sarkash, viii, 399
Parwiz, viii, 234 visits Khusrau Parwiz in
disguises himself as Khus- prison, ix, 29
rau Parwiz, viii, 235 lament of, ix, 30
beguiles Bahram, son of Barbar, Barbaristin, town and
Siyawush, viii, 23O, 245 country (British Somali-
imprisoned by Bahram land), 143, ii, y^ i''^.- 90.
Chubina, viii, 238 93, 98 iii, 207, 269
;
iv, ;
Bandwi, Bahram Chubina hears 136, 148 vi, 114

;
vii, ;
of escape of, viii, 24S 327 viii, 381

;
entertained by Mausil, viii, identification of, ii, 79

249 king of, ii, 83, 94, 95
goes with Mausil to meet taken prisoner by Guraza,
Kluisrau Parwiz, viii, 282 ii- 97
Bahram Chubina writes to, sends embassy to Gush-
viii, 285 tksp, V, 75
VOL. IX.
226 GENERAL INDEX
Barda', city in Arran^.w., now in Bar?dm, pursues and overtakes
ruins, on the Tharthur a Mahwi, ix, 118
tributory of the Kur, iv, captures Mdhwi, ix, 119
147 ; vii, 341 ; viii, 99, Barsam, the sacred twigs, imple-
100, 184, 222, 226 ; ix, 15 ment in Zoroastrian reli-
Afrasiyab takes refuge in a gious ceremonial, i, 80
cave near, iv, 259 Barsine (Stateira), eldest daugh-
Bardi. See Baida. ter of Darius Codomanus,
Barkuh, city between Istakhr vi, 33
and Yazd, vii, 79, 80 marries Alexander the Great,
tribute of, remitted by Bah- vi, 33
ram Giir, vii, 82 Barta, Iranian hero, 751, iii, 25,
Barmaiiin (Purmaya '/'''), 92 iv, 149
;
brother of Faridiin, i, 90, 91 chosen to fight with Kuh-

Barman, son of Wisa, Turanian ram, iv, 97
hero, 142, 144, 151, i, slays Kuhram, iv, 105
92, 342 ; ii, 18, 129, 130, Bartds, region in Turkistan, ix,
150, 349 ; iii, 79, 210 ; iv, 19
Barzin, sacred Fire and Fire -
spies out the Iranian host, i, temple on the Binaliid
346 Kuh, south west of Tiis
challenges the Iranians to and Mashad in Khurasan,
singlecombat and slays i, 237 ii, 107
; ; vi, 391 ;
Kubad, i, 347 viii, 216

rewarded by Afrisiydb, i, Iranians worship at, vi, 400
348 Barzin, Fire-temple built by
besieges Gazhdaham in Luhrasp at Balkh, iv, 318
White Castle, i, 354 Barzin, Iranian hero, i, 365 ii, ;
defeated and slain by Karan, 12, 22, 73 iii. 25, 127,

;
i. 354 273
revival of, in legend, ii,119 Barzin, father of Bihzdd, temp.
marches on Iran, ii, 228 Yazdagird son of Shapiir,
defeated by Siyawush, ii, vi, 395
229 Barzin, Iranian noble, temp.
chosen to fight Ruhham, iv, Bahram Giir, 164
97 visited hy Bahram Gur,
slain by Ruhh4m, iv, 102 vii, 49
Barrier, Alexander's (Sikan- entertains Bahrdm Gur, vii,
dar's),in the Caucasus, 50 seq.
160, i,16. vi, 189, 249 gives his daughters in mar-
legend of, vi, 78 riage to Bahram Gur, 164,
site of, vi, 79 vii, 53
described, vi, 164 Barzin, father of RAd and Dad,
Barsaentes, satrap, vi, 32 temp. Bahram Gur, vii, 86
murderer of Darius Codo- Barzin, father of Ustad, temp.
manus, vi, 32 Ni'ishirwan, vii, 251
executed, vi, 32 Barzin, father of Shadan, vii,
Barsdm, general of Bfzhan, ix, 382, 423
97. 117 Barzin, bower of, vii, 83
marches on Marv, ix, 97, 116 Barzin, general of NushirwAn,
Mcihwi's conduct to, ix, 117 viii, 17
GENERAL IMJEX 2 27
Barzin, father of Kharrad, iji- Battlestead = Brazen Hold, v,

^73. viii, 74, 76, 190. 205 121
and passi)ii, ix, 4, 9, 12, Bazamish (Valerian, q.v.), 161
27 defeat of, and capture by,
Barzin, father of Jahn, viii, 391 Shipiir son of Ardshir, vi,
Barzwi, noncc-nanie assumed by 294. -95
Bahrain Gur in Hind, single combat of, with Gar-
vii, 121, 134 shAsp, vi, 297
Barzwi, physician and sage, bridge built by, at Shush-
temp. Nushirwin, i6(), vii, tar, vi, 298
383 Bazdnush (Jovian q.v.), 162, 163,
goes on a mission to Hind, vi, 324, 326
vii, 424 elected Emperor, vi, 353
consults a sage, vii, 427 sues for peace, vi, 353
hears of the book of Kahia accepts Shapur's terms, vi,
and Dimna (Fables of 355
Bidpai), and procures it Bazh, suburb of Tiis, i, 38
for Nushirwan, vii, 427, 428 Bazrangi, dynasty of Tribal
translates the above into kings, vi, 198
Pahlavi, vii, 382, 428 Bazur, Turanian warlock, iii, 128
asks boon of Nushirwan, uses magic against the fran-
vii, 429 ians, iii, 128
Basra (Bassora), city on the wounded by Ruhham, iii, 129
Shatt-el-Arab, ix, 68, 69 Beas (Hyphasis), easternmost of
founded by 'Umar, ix, 67 the rivers of the Punjab,
Bastam, city near Damaghan on vi, 64
the road to Nishapur, vii, Bedouins, i, 135, 179
357 desert of the, iv, 148
Bastan-nama (Khudî -
n4ma), commanded by Zahir in Kai
Firdausi's chief authority, Khusrau's host, iv, 148
V, 24, 27, 261 ; vi, 17, 84 Bel, Babylonian god, v, 293
traditional origin of, i, 67 temple of, v, 293
discussed, i, 68 'Belisarius,Roman general (A.D.
translated into Arabic by 505-565). vii, 1S6, 187,
Ibn Mukaffa', vi, 16, 373 217, 218
modern Persian, i, 67 seq. ; Berber, race in northern Africa,
vii, 382 vi, 73
Bastavairi, Bastvar (Nastur (/.u.), Berbera, trading-station in the
V. 12, 25 Gulf of Aden, ii, 79
Batanin (Marcian), Ruman Berlin, viii, 192
general, viii, 41, 47, 52 Berozias, Barzwi q.v., vii, 3S3
Baths, public, introduction of, Bessus, satrap, toiip. Alexander
by Balash, vii, 171 the Great, vi, 32
Battle of the Twelve Rukhs, 151, assumes royal state in
iv, 7 seq., v. 29 Bactria, vi, 32
Firdausi's reflections on, iv, executed, vi, 32
98, 106 JJhima, one of the five Pan-
Eleven Rukhs, 151, iv, 88 davas, iv, 138, 139
arranged by Gudarz and Bhutdn, Indian kingdom, bet-
Piian, iv, 95 seq. ween Assam and Thibet,
of the Bridge, ix, 5, 67 vi, 8J
228 GENERAL INDEX
Bibliotheca, of Diodorus, v, 293 Bihisht (Paradise), name of the
Bid, a div, ii, 44, 54, 55, 93 country round Gang, iv,
slain, ii,64 59,
iii, 256 ; ; 195
iv, 296 V, 204;
Bihistun. See Bistiin.
Bidad, city of Cannibals in the Bihruz, a scribe temp. Bahram
vicinity of Sughd, iii, 244 Gur, vii, 71 seq.
seq. makes an inventory of the
meaning of, iii, 244 note goods of the miser
stormed by Rustam, iii, 246 Farshidward, vii, 72
Bidirafsh (Vidrafsh), Turanian Bihzad (" well bred "), the horse
hero, 155, V, 24, 25, 41, of Siyawush and sub-
51, 52, 62 seq. sequently of Kai Khus-
goes as envoy to Gushtasp, rau, 146, ii, 391 iv, 172, ;
V, 37, 40 seq. 303

returns with Gushtasp's Siyawush's last charge to,
answer, v, 44 ii, 312
receives banner from Ar- Farangis instructs Kai
jasp, V, 46 Khusrau how to obtain,
commands one wing, v, 56 ii,374 seq.
volunteers to fight Zarir, v, Bihzad, Gushtasp's horse, v, 56,
62 69
slays Zari'r, v, 63 Bihzad, Iranian chief, temp.
fights Nastur, v, 70 Yazdagird son of Shapiir,
slain by Asfandiyar, v, 70 vi, 395 vii, 85 (?)
;
head of, presented to Gush- Bihzad, Iranian chief, teuip.

tasp, v, 71 Kubad son of Piriiz, vii,
Bidpai, Indian sage, vii, 383 207
Fables of (Book of Kalila Binalud, mountain-range, west
and Dimna), brought to of Mashhad, north of
Persia, i6g, vii, 213, 382 Nishapiir, v, 29
Bih Afrid, daughter of Gush- Birds, Sikandar holds converse
tasp, ii, 3 ; V, 22 with, 160, vi, 160
taken captive by the Turk- Birka-i-Ardshir, city in Pars
mans, V, 93, 94, 100 founded by Ardshir Papa-
goes with Humai to draw kan, vi, 290 and note
water and meets As- Birmaya, cow, i, 151
fandiyar, V, 147 supplies the infant Faridiin
escapes from Arj asp's with milk, i, 151
palace, v, 153 slain by
' Zahhak, i, 152, 153,
laments over Asfandiyar, v, 162
252 Birthmark, characteristic of
reproaches Gushtasp, v, 254 Kaian race, ii, 372 ; iii,
Biiiafridh, ancestor of Ardshir 49 and note

Papakan, vi, 200 described, ii, 372 iii, 49 ;
Bih Ardshir, Seleucia q.v. as Siyawush's, iii, 49

rebuilt by Ardshir Papa- Kai Khusrau's, ii, 372 iii, ;
kdn, vi, 254, 291 note, 49 and note

viii, 194, ig6 Farud's, iii, 49
Bihbihan, town near the left Bisa (Fasa, Pasa, city south of
bank of the Tab river in Lake Bakhtigan in Pars,
Pars, vii, 188 vii, 89 ?)
GEKFR.ir. TXDEX 229
Bishop </»-
predate 341,348
(/.ji., iv, Bishi'itan, hears of Asfandiyar's
as militarist, 378
i, 373, ;
overthnnv and laments
iv, 197 V, 300; vi, 352 ; for him, v, 244
advisi's Cicsar, iv, 330 Rustam bewails Asfandiydr
Nuslizaii's last requests to, to, v, 246
vii, 273 Asfandiyar's last charge to,
Bishi'itan (Peslio-tanu), brother V, 249
of Asfandiyar, 756, i^y, heads Asfandiydr's funeral
V, 66, 117, 178, 179, 182, train, v, 251
195, 216, 223, 244 seq., displays the corpse of As-
249 seq., 261, 288 seq. fandiyar, V, 253
an immortal, v, 12, 19 reproaches Gushtasp, v, 253
birth of, V, 32 Jdmasp, V, 254
commands the host during consoles Katiyun, v, 255
Asfandiyar's absence in supports Rustam's over-
tlie Seven Stages, v, 122, tures to (iushtasp, v, 257
124, 126, 129, 13^. 144. intended by Gushtasp to be
150 Bahman's minister, v, 279
Asfandiyar praised by the intercedes for Zal, v, 288
host and, v, 123, 125, 131, intercession of, accepted, v,
133 289
revives Asfandiyar after his counsels Bahman to quit
encounter with the dragon Zabul, v, 290
V, 127 Bistam (Gustaham q.v.), viii, 255
prays for deliverance from and note, 256
"
the snow, v, 138 Bistun (Bagistana i.e. Place of
Asfandiyar and, consult, v, God," Bchistiin, Bisi-
143 tiin),a lofty rock a few
sees Asfandiyar's signal and miles east of Kirmanshah
approaches the Brazen and famous for its in-
Hold, V, 150 scriptions, i, 379 ; ii, 128 ;
passes himself off as Asfan- iii, 12, 184, 350 ; iv, 190 ;
diyar, V, 143, 151, 152 v, 56, 184 ; vii, 61, 363 ;
joined by Asfandiyar, v, viii, 209

155 inscription of Darius Hys-
advises Asfandiyar, v, 179 taspis at, i, 6 v, 1 ; 1
Asfandiycir holds talk about Gotarzes at, iii, 9, 11

Rustara with, v, 192 = Zars white elephant, i, 328
advises Asfandiyar to main- = Rustam, v, 229
tain friendly relations Biwarasp (Zahhak), i, 72, 144
with Rustam, v, 196, 217 meaning of, i, 135
Rustam served with un- Biward, Turanian hero, iii, 161
tempcred wine by, v, 211 comes to aid P/ran, iii, 152
despair of, at the situation Biward, Iranian chief /e»!p.
between Rustam and Yazdagird son of Shapi'ir,
Asfandiydr, v, 218 vi, 395
laments for Niish Azar and Bizhan, frdnian hero, son of Giv,
Mihr-i-Nush, v, 232 147, 130-15-^. ii, 4. 366
Asfandiydr talks of the and note ; ii, 4, 366 and
fight witli Rustam to, v, note : iii, 20, 45, 67, 76
240 seq., 81, 92, loi, 115, 121,
230 GENERAL INDEX
Bizhan — cont. Bizhan, goes to Irman with
129, 130. 133. 130, 141- Gurgfn, iii, 292
157 set]., 211, 234, 247, destroys the wild boars, iii,
248, 253, 259, 204, 271, 293
284 seq., 289, 330 seq., 337 envied by Gurgin, iii, 294
seq., 349, 350. 352 seq. ; steed of, iii, 296, 302, 313
iv, 7, 13, 26 seq., 56, 77, interview of, with Manizha's
88, 91, 102, 123 seq., 147, nurse, iii, 297
292 vi, 194
; visitsManizha, iii, 298
favourite with the poet, iv, 8 drugged, iii, 299
parentage of, iii, 324 wakes in Afrasiyab's palace,
friendship of, with Gusta- iii, 300
ham the son of Gazhda- holds revel with Manizha,
ham, iii, 15 iii, 300
relations of, with Gi'v, iii, 15 discovered by Garsiwaz, iii,
undertakes to slay Palashan, 302

iii, 26 taken before Afrasiyab, iii,
to carry crown
off the 303
and handmaid of Ta- sentenced to death, iii, 304
zhav, iii, 27 lament of, iii, 305
swears to avenge Zarasp, iii, imprisoned, iii, 309; v, 116
59 searched for by Gurgin,
borrows a steed from iii, 310
Gustaham, iii, 59 receives Rustam's ring, iii,
the mail of Siyawush, 340

iii, 60, 69 Rustam's conditions of re-
worsts Farud, iii, 62 lease for, iii, 345
praises Farud to Tus, iii, 62 released, iii, 346
fights with Fariid, iii, 64 pardons Gurgin, iii, 346
Palashan, iii, 70 joins in attack on Afra-
pursues Tazhav, iii, 77 siyab's palace, iii,347
takes Ispanwi captive, iii, 78 presented to Kai Khiisrau
prowess of, with Kawa's by Rustam, iii, 354
standard, iii, 93 holds converse with Kai
shares his steed with Gusta- Khusrau, iii, 356
ham, iii, 95 desires to fight Human, iv,
goes with Giv in quest of 39
Bahram, iii, 102 asks Gi'v to lend him the
attacks Bidad, iii, 244 niaii of Siyawush, iv, 40
goes to summon Rustam, seeks Gudarz' permission to
iii, 245 fight Human, iv, 41
worsted by Puladwand, iii, receives the mail of Siya-
25S wush from Giv, iv, 45
Story of, and Manizha, 150, parleys with Human, iv,
iii, 12, 28.5 seq. 45
historical basis of, iii, 11 returns after the fight in
Molil on, iii, 285 Human's armour, iv 51,
Firdausi on, iii, 287 defeats night-attack and
referred to, viii, 72 slays Nastihan, iv, 54
volunteers to go to the help attacks with Giv I'iran's
of the Irmdnians, iii, 291 centre, iv, 83
GENERAL INDEX 23 1
Bfzhan, fights with Farshidward, Bizhan, Khiin of Turks, lays am-
iv, 87 bush for Mihwi, ix, 118
chosen to fight with Ruin, sends Barsain in pursuit of
iv. 97 Mahwi, ix, 118
slays Ruin, iv, 103 hears of Mahwi's capture,
asks Giidarz for help for ix, 119
Gustaham, iv, 117 puts Mahwi to death, ix, 1 20
rescues Gustaham, iv, 124 goes mad and kills himself,
seq., 132 ix, 120, 121

brings back the corpses of Black Di'v. See Div.
Lahhak and Farshid- horse, Gushtasp 's, v, 18
ward, iv, 126, 132 cured by Zarduhsht, v, iS
Kai Khusrau remonstrated Stone, meteorite built into
with by, and other nobles, the wall of the Kaaba at
for refusing audience, iv, Mecca, ii, 163 and note,
vi, 65
Kai Khusrau gives audience Blest, Country of the, vi, 74, 76
to, and other nobles, iv, Boars, wild, devastate Irman,
283 seq. iii, 290
Kai Khusrau 's gift to iv, slain by Bizhan, iii, 293

295 Bombyx Mori. See Silk.
brings Luhrasp before Kai Book of Kings, Firdausi's Shah-
Khiisrau, iv, 300 nama, i, 43
sets out \\4th Kai Khusrau Indication and Revision,
on his pilgrimage, iv, 306 Mas'udi's, vi, 252
refuses to turn back when quoted, vi, 252
bidden by Kai Khusrau, Boot, golden. See Golden.
iv. 307 Borysthenes, river (Dnieper q.v.),
Kai Khusrau farewells and 191
iii,
warns, and his comrades, Boulder of the Div Akwan, iii,
iv, 308 271, 343 seq., 347

disappears and is sought Rustam carried off on, iii,
in vain by, and his 276

comrades, iv, 308 flung into the sea with,
end of, iv, 309 iii, 278
Gudarz' grief for, iv, 310, raised from the sea, iii, 309
312 used to cover Bizhan's pris-
sons of, go with Zarir to on, iii, 309
Rum, iv, 360 removed from pit's mouth
hail Gushtasp as Sheih, iv, by Rustam iii, 345
362 Boundary-pillar, Bahrain Giir's,
Bizhan, Ashkdnian king, vi, 197, vii, 92, 160, 161, 164
210 Bowl, the full, svmbolism of, vi,
Bizhan, Khdn of Turks, jy6, ix, &3
Brabantio, his warning to
70, 96
Mdhwi writes to, ix, 96 Othello, vi, 324
consults his minister, ix, 97 Brar/rok-resh, a Karap. v, 13
sends troops to .Marv, ix, 97 slayer of Zarduhsht, v, 13
Mihwi makes war on, ix, 115 Brahman, Hindu priest, iii, 29 ;
marches against Mahwi, ix, iv, 30 ; v, 207, vii, 425 ;
ix, 2 1
117
232 GENERAL INDEX
Brahmans (Gymnosophistse), 159 Bucephalus, horse of Alexander
vi, 64 the Great, vi, 18
Palladius on, vi, 61 birth of, vi, 26
country of, vi, 143, 147 a mare (Ethiopic version),
hear of Sikandar's coming vi, 18
and write to him, vi, offered by Darius to Porus,
143 vi, 31
Sikandar's interview with, death of, vi, 18, 64
vi, 67, 143 seq. city built by Alexander in
described, vi, 144 memory of, vi, 18
reply to Sikandar's ques- Buddha, birth stories of, vii, 383
tions, vi, 144 seq. Buddhism, in eastern fran and
Sikandar quits, vi, 147 Kabulistan, i, 15
Brahmanism supersedes Budd- superseded by Brahman-
hism in eastern fran, i, 16 ism,16 i,
Brains, human, prescribed to regarded idolatrous

as by
Zahhak by Iblis, i, 139, Zoroastrians, i, 16
146 Buddhist saints, story of two, vi,
Bramble-grubber, 164. See 63
Dilafruz. Budge, Dr. E. A. Walhs, his
Brand-mark, 291
iii, editions the Syriac of
of Kaiis, iii, 291 and Ethiopic versions of
Brazen Hold, the 1^6, v, 116, the Pseudo-Callisthenes,
117,119 seq., 159. 197. vi, 14, 17 note
206, 255 Budini, race, vi, 73
route to, v, 120, 135 Buiti, demon, assails Zarduhsht
described, v, 121, 135, 141 i, 62 ; V, 17
Asfandiycir's stratagem for Bukhara, city on the Zarafshan
taking, v, 116, 143 river in the province of
surprised from within by Sughd, ii, 241 iv, 65
; ;
Asfandiyar, v, 152 seq. vii, 331, 348, 359, 384 ;
left in charge of Sawa, v, ix, 97, 115, 117

154 Kurakhan sent to, iv, 134
Arj asp's head thrown from Afrasiyab joins Kurakhan
the ramparts of, v, 157 at, iv, 186
Asfandiyar destroys, v, 162 Fire-temple built by Tiir at,
referred to, viii, 171 iv, 225
Bride, the, one of the Kai Kaus' Bahram Giir attacks, vii, 90
treasures, iv, 295 receives tribute from, vii,
given by Kai Khusrau to 94
Giv, Zal, and Rustam, iv, Bukhtakan. See Bakhtagan.
293 Bulghar (Bulgaria), viii, 406
Brides of the Treasure, Genii Bull, mythological, i, 71 ; ii,
that watch over secret 407 ; vii, 24.5

hoards, vi, 250 -fish, ii, 128
Bridge, Battle of the, ix, 5, 67 Bundahish, Pahlavi text, i, 91,
Browning, Robert, his poem of 92, 117, 125, 131, 235,
"
The Glove," vi, 384 236, 337 îote, 338, 369 ;
Bucephala, city founded by ii, 3 note, 11, 26. 81, 118,
Alexander the Great, vi, 189
18 meaning of, i, 70 note
GENERAL IXDEX !33
Bu ulaliMi, account of Creation liuzurjniihr, a

semi-mythical
in, i, 117 personage, vii 280
BurAb, court-farrier to Cajsar, f<jund by Azdd Sarv at Marv,
iv, 326 vii, 283
refuses to employ Gushtasp, undertakes to interpret
iv, 3^7 Nushirwan's dream vii,
Buraza, minister under Yazda-
gird son of Shapur, vii, 4 goes with Az4d Sarv to
Burial-place of Rustam's race, court, 283
vii,
the scene of the battle be- adventure of, with a snake,
tween Bahman and Far4- vii, 284
marz, v, 287 interprets Nushirwan's
Burjak and Burjatur, vi, 207. dream, vii, 284
See Youths, the two. rewarded and honoured by
Burjasp, Turanian hero, iv, 26 Niishirwan, vii, 286, 289,
commands the loft wing, iv, 304, 311, 315, 388
26 accomplishments of, vii, 286
Burns, quoted, viii, 3 discourses at the Seven
of,
Burrus, Praetorian prefect temp. Banquets of Niishirwan,
Nero, vii, 279 vii, 287 seq.
Burzmihr, Iranian warrior, vii, on fate and fortune, vii, 291
86 on the attainment of great-
bears Narsl's letter to Bah- ness, vii, 291, 296
ram Gur, vii, 94 on what is worthiest, vii,
Burzmihr, scribe, viii, 81, 87, 313 291
= Buzurjmihr (?) q.v., viii, on sages, vii, 288, 291, 292,
71 294, 296 seq., 309
Burzuyala, Turanian hero, iv, on fools, vii, 297, 298, 306
182 on conduct, vii, 288, 291
fights and flees from Kai seq., 299, 309
Khusrau, iv, 183 on kings, vii, 290, 294, 295,
Biisipas, nonce name used by 301, 312
Human when parleying on the wise administrator,
with Rustam, iii, 198 vii, 294
Bust, city in Si'stan, situated at on sons, vii, 295, 303, 311.
the junction of the Kan- on riches and poverty, vii,
dahar and Helmund 295
rivers, i, 252 ; iv, 65 ; v, questioned by Ardshir and
173. 277, 287; vi, 175; Yazdagird, vii, 308
vii. 173, 395 ; ix, 89 on scribes, i, 27 vii, 311;
stream of, i, 252 on loyalty, vii, 312

Buzgu^h, name of tribe, ii, 55 discourse of, vii, 366
and note, iii, 207 questioned by Nushirwin,
Buzurjnihr, thief counsellor of vii, 367 seq.
Nushirwan in frdnian expounds the game of chess,
tradition and famous for vii, 380, 388
his wisdom, lOy-ijo, i, invents the game of nard,
27 ; V, 261 ; vii, 5 ; viii, vii, 381, 389
67 seq.
3 seq., welcomed on his return from
associated with the I'ersian Hind by Nushirwan, vii,
Wiidom-litcraturc.vii, 278 393

234 GENERAL INDEX
Buzurjinihr, goes liunting with, Cajsar, temp. T.uhrasp, Nastar,
and is suspected of theft master of the herds to, iv,
by, Nushirwan, viii, 4 325
disgraced by Nushiiwaii, refuses to employ Gush-
viii, 5 tasp, iv, 326
instructs Nushfrwiin's page, Biirab, court-farrier to, iv,
viii, 5 326
refuses toadmit himself in refuses to employ Gush-
the wrong, viii, 6 seq. tasp, iv, 327
treated with increasing proposes to give his eldest
rigour, viii, 7, 8 daughter in marriage, iv,
released,viii, g 329
divination by, viii, 10 seq. wrath of, at his daughter's
advises with Nushirwan, choice of Gushtasp, iv,
viii, 47 seq. 330
instructed by Nushirwan yields to bishop's counsel,
to prove Hurmuzd, viii, 331
iv,
56 seq. refuses to provide for his
abolition of Fire-worship daughter and Gushtasp,
foretold by, viii,68 331
iv,
death of, viii, 69, 71 bids Mirin slay the wolf of
= Burzmihr (?), viii, 71 Faskun, iv, 333
Mas'udi on, viii, 71 inspects the slain wolf, iv,
Byzantine title, vii, 218 341
marries his second daugh-
ter to Mirin, iv, 341
bids Ahran slay the dragon
of Mount Sakila, iv, 342
third daughter of, iv, 342
CiESAR, the dynastic title of the seq.

married to
kings of the West or Rum
Ahran, iv,
who were regarded as be- 348

rejoices in his two sons in
ing descended from Salm,
the son of Faridun, 154, law, iv, 348
161, 162, 165, i6y, i6g, proclaims the tidings of the
172-174, i, 262 383
; ii, ;
slaying of the wolf and
the dragon, iv, 349
iii, 9; vi, 112, 297, 353 ;
vii, 163 8 seq., 19,

; viii,
sons-in-law of, display their
accomplishment on the
43 seq., 51 seq., 230, 232,
245, 252 seq., 257 seq.. 299, riding-ground, iv, 349
sees Gushtasp's prowess and
306 seq., 334, 373 seq.,
408 seq. ; ix, lo, 23 questions him, iv, 350
learns the truth about the
transliteration of, i, 84 and wolf and the dragon and
note
asks pardon of Gushtasp
temp. Luhrasp, 154, iv, 339 and Kat4yun, iv, 351
seq. : V, II, 32, 167 wrath of, with Mirin and
daughter of = Katdyun, iv, Ahran, iv, 351
314 V, 167, 205
; seeks to find out through
capital of, founded by Salm, Kat^yun who Gushtdsp
iv, 325 is, iv, 351
GENERAL INDEX 235
Caesar, Luhrasi>, receives Cicsar, tevip. Shdpur son of

tciufy.
Gushtasp with honour at Ardsliir, jOi
court, iv, 352 pays tribute, vi, 29S
Ilyas refuses to pay tribute temp. Shapur son of Urmuzd,
to iv. 352 162. vi, 341 seq., 345
receives a scornful message seq.
from Mirin and Ahran, iv, Shapur in disguise visits, vi,
353 336
takes counsel with Gushtisp, entertained by, vi, 337
iv. 333 discovered by, vi, 337
bids Gushtasp lead foiLh arrested by, vi, 337
the host, iv, 354 sewn up in an ass's skin
arrays the host, iv, 355 by, vi, 338
Gushtasp brings the dead put in charge of wife of
body of Ilyas to, iv, 355 vi, 33«'?
welcomes Gushtasp after his invades and ravages Iran,
victory, iv, 356 vi, 338
consults Gushtasp about Shapur prepares to attack,
demanding tribute from vi, 346
fran, iv, 356 overthrown by Shapur at
sends an envoy to Luhrdsp, Taisafun, vi, 346 seq.
iv, 356 Shapur's treatment of, vi,
gives audience to Zarir, iv, 349. 357

360 motherof, vi, 351
replies, to, and dismisses brother of (Yanus q.v.), vi,

Zarir, iv, 361 351
questions Gushtasp, iv, 361 temp. Yazdagird son of Sha-
sends Gushtasp to Zarir's pur, vi, 389
camp, iv, 361 pays tribute, vi, 3S9
goes to feast with Gush- temp. Bahram Giir, 165
tasp and discovers who embassage of, to BahrAm
he is, iv, 363 Giir, vii, 5, 86, 100
gives gifts to Katayun, iv, marches on Iran, vii, 84
363 propounds questions to Bah-
the Iranian chiefs, iv, 364 ram Giir, vii, 102
parts in good will from envoy questioned by the
of,
Gushtasp, iv, 364 high pri(.-.st, vii, 104

sends embassy to Gushtasp temp. Nushirwan, i6j, 169,
on hearing of Arjasp's de- iy2-ij4, vii, 244 seq., 269,
feat, V, 75 273
temp. Humai, sues to Rush- replies to Nushirwan con-
nawad for peace,307 v, cerning Munzir, vii, 245
= Failakus9.i'., vi, 24, 26, 27 treasures of, taken by Nush-
= Sikandar q.v., vi, 40, 42, 49 irwan, vii, 255, 258
113, 114, 118, 121, 122, sues to Nushirwan for peace,
124, 128, 129, 142, 158, vii, 261
161, 170, 174, 178, 183 sends tribute to Nvish/rwin,
= Valerian (Baz4nush q.v.), vii, 362
32G
vi, death of, viii, 43
= Jovian (Bazdniish q.v.), temp. Nushirwan, Ilurmuzd,
vi, 353. 354 and Khusrau I'aiwiz, J72
236 GFNERAL INDEX
Caesar, ioiip. Nushirwan, etc., Cicsar, tetnp. Nushirwan, etc.,
offends Nushirwan, viii, invited to seize fran, viii,
44 seq. 408
marches against Nushir- tricked by Khusrau Parwiz
wan, viii, 46 and retreats, viii, 410
attacks Hurmuzd, viii, 93 letter of, about the True
retakes cities, viii, 93 Cross referred to, ix, 22
makes peace with Hurmuzd, Csesarean birth, of Rustam, i,
viii, 95 236, 32 T 5^17.
welcomes Khusrau Parwiz, Calanus (Sphines), Indian as-
viii, 257 cetic, vi, 61
offers help to Khusrau Par- Onesicritus and, vi, 61
wiz, viii, 261 Alexander the Great and,
cliangcs his mind, viii, 262 vi, 61
consults the astrologers, viii, death of, vi, 61
264 derivation of, vi, 61
decides to help Khusrau identical with the sage sent
Parwiz, viii, 265 by Kaid to Sikandar
offers daughter to Khusrau {see Four Wonders), vi, 62
Parwiz, viii, 266 Calendar, Zoroastrian, i, 88 ; iii,
accepted by Khus-
offers of, 286
rau Parwiz viii, 269, 270 adopted by Darius Hystas-
talisman of, viii, 271, 275 pis, i, 59
deceives Riiman envoys, Callinicus. See Kaliniyus.
viii, 272 Callisthenes, Greek historian
mastered by Kharrad, temp. Alexander the Great
viii, 274 vi, 12, 74
gifts of, to Kharrad, viii, 278 Romance of Alexander
writes to Khusrau Parwiz, fathered on, vi,13
viii, 279 account of, vi, 13
praises Ruman envoys, viii, Callitris quadrivalvis, the Arar
279 19
tree, vi,
counsels Maryam, viii, 279, Cambyses, father of Cyrus the
280 Great, ii, 190
gives Niyatiis cliarge of identical with Siyawush in
Maryam, viii, 280 legend, ii, 191
corpse of Kut sent to, viii, Cambyses, son of Cyrus the
291 Great and King of Persia
Khusrau Parwiz announces (B.C. 528-521), V, 10, II ;
death of Bahram Chu- vi, 16

bina to, viii, 345 Camel, piece in chess, vii, 422
daughter gives birth to
of, position of, vii, 422
Shirwi, viii, 371 move of, vii, 422
Khusrau Parwiz' letter to, Cancer, constellation, iii, 125,
viii, 373 151, 255 vii, 257
;
rejoicing of, at birth of moon in, an evil omen, i, 1 88 ;
Shirwi, viii, 374 iii.255 (?)

embassy of, to Khusrau Candace (Kandakc, Kaidafa
Parwiz, viii, 374 q.v.), dynastic title of
the
gifts of, given by Khusrau queens of Ethiopia, vi
Parwiz to Sliirwi, viii, 381 13. 7^
(7/:\\7:/i'.//, /.\7)/;.V 237
Caiidace Alexander the Ciroat Caucasus, pa.sses in, i, 16 ; vi, 79
and, vi, 65 5^17. fortified, i, 16, vii, 153,
Candahar. See Kandahar. 187, 239
216,
Cannibalism, iii, mi, 244 Mas'udi's account of,
Canopns, star, i, i>SS vii, 215
of Yaman, i, 266 ; ii, 203 ; barrier (mythical) of Alex-
iii, 297 ; vi, 382 ander the Great (Sikan-
Cappadocia (Pdlawina), vi, 294 dar) in, i, 16 ; vi, 78, 189,
Captives, mutilation of, vi, 323, 249
334. 34^5. 357 legend of, in the Kuran,
settlement of, vi, 327, 357 vi, 78
Carline and BahrAm Chubina, site of, vi, 79
viii, 1 89, 303 described, vi, 164
Carnclians, ii, 123 Cave, cavern, in Mazandaran, ii,
of Yaman, ii, 123 28

Carrhjc, defeat of Crassus at, i, 15 White Div's, ii, 28, 55, 58
Carthagenians, the, vi, 30 seq.
Alexander the Great's Afrasiyab's, in A/arbaijan,
legendary visit to, vi, 30 iv, 136 seq.. 259 seq.
Casaubon, Isaac, vi, 13 Central clime. See Clime.
Caspian Sea, i, 3, 4, 16, 19, 56, Chach (Shash, Old Tashkand,
57, 338; ii, 189, 336; now' in ruins), city on the
iii, 10, 192 iv, 136 v, ; ;
right bank of the Jax-
13 artes west of Ferghana,
Caspian Gates, iv, 315 ; vi, 31, famous for its bows, ii,
32 241, 258 ; iv, 19, 187, 188.
Cassander (B.C. 350-297), eldest 255 ; 167, 329, 334.
vii,
son of Antipatcr and 340, 343. 348, 358, 359;
King of Macedonia, vi, 82 viii, 314,377 ix, 115. ;
"6
Castellan, bishop as. See Bishop. bow of, i, 227 iii, 123, 181, ;
Castes, division of Aryans into, 227 ; V, vi, 384

244 ; ;
i. 7 viii, 294
125, 126,
Iranians into, i, 130, 132 government of, given to Tus
Castle, White. 5d:e White Castle, by Rustam, ii, 358
of the Alans. See Alans. thane of, one of Firdausi's
Bahman. See Bahman. authorities, vi, 197, 210
Obli\ion, 184 vii, referred to, vi, 229 and
Kubad son of Piriiz note
confined in, vii, 184 daughter of governor of,
escapes from, viii, 184 vii, 2S5
Catholicus, viii, 195 intrigue of, vii, 285
Catullus, Roman poet (B.C. 84- executed, vii, 286
54). i. (>o battle-axes of, ix, 118
on next of kin
Persian Chaghan, district on the right
marriage, i, bo bank of the Oxus where
Caucasus, mountain-range run- that river is crossed from
ning in a soutix-easterly Tirmid, and city further
direction from the Black north on the upper waters
Sea to the Caspian, i, lO ; of river of the same name,
iv, 316 ; vi, 15 ; vii, 214, iii, 152, 177, 228 vii, 94, ;
217 ; viii, 72 157. 359

^38 GENERAL INDEX
Chaghan, ceded by Kubad to Chare- of Mytilene, story by, of
the Haitalians, 198 vii, Hystaspes and Zariadres
monarch of = Faghanish, vii, cjuoted, iv, 314
333 Charinda, river, iii, 10 note
Chaghwan = Chaghan (?), vi, 174 Charjui (Amwi q.v.), city on the
Sikandar visits, vi, 174 Oxus, vii, 91 note
quits, vi, 175 Charogos. SeeTainiish.
Chaha, hostelry of, i, 45 Chase, equipage for, vii, 48, 76 ;
Chahar Makala, Persian treatise, viii, 384

i. 23 Chess, game of, i6c), vi, 201 ;
account of Firdausi in, i, 38, vii, 14 and note, 280, 385

39, 45 seq. ; viii, 371
Chahram (Jahram q.v.), city in Note on, vii, 380
Pars sent by the Raja of Hind to
Chalah, viii, 193 Niishirwan, vii, 5, 380,
Chalandshan. See Chanland- 384 seq.
shan. expounded by Buzurjniihr,
Chalcedon, 195
viii, 194, vii, 380, 388
Chalybon-Bcroea (Aleppo), city symbolism of, vii, 381
in northern Syria, vii, 218; two forms of, vii, 38 1, 388,
viii, 41 422
held to ransom by Niishir- changes in powers of pieces
wan, vii, 218 in, vii, 381
Champions, the Twelve, vii, 15O. Mas'udi on, vii, 382
See Rukhs. invention of. Story of the,
Chamrosh, mythical bird, i, 235 i6g, vii, 394 seq.
Chanlandshan Kha a nj an (
1 .
Chess-board, vii, 14, 385, 388
Khanlanjan), district and Chess-men, vii, 14, 380, 388
town (Firuzan) near Ispa- Chevy Chase, ii, 82
han on the Zayinda river Chigil (Naryn ?) district and
{see LEC. pp. 206, 207 river, tributary of the
and note), i, 29 Jaxartes, iv, 135
Ahmad ibn Muhammad of, monarch of, v, no
patron of Firdausi, i, 29 commands the left, v, no
Firdausi's escape from = Arjasp, v, 54, 86
drowning at, i, 26, 29 Turkman of, =Gurgsar, v,
Chao-wou=Sawa q.v., viii, 72 139
Characters, chief, of Shahnama, Chihrzad (Humai), daughter and
i. 49 wife of Shah Bahman, ii,
Characteristics, of fran, i, 3 seq. 3 ; 290 and 7tote

V,
Characteristics of a Happy Man, meaning of, v, 290 and note
Pahlavl text, vii, 279 Chi'jast (Khanjast, Urumiah),
Charam, j^lace in Iran, iii, 40, 41, lake in Azarbaijan, iv,
52, 68. 85, 86, III, 112 136 note
Charbar, place on the coast of Cliildren, sometimes brought up
]ialuchistan (Makran), vi, un-named, i, 8, 179
70 Chin, country, China, but gen-
Chares of Mytilene, Greek writer erally in the Shahnama
and official at the court of equivalent to Chinese
Alexander the Great ii Tartary and sometimes
JO ; vi 61 to Ti'ir^n, 160, 165, 173,
GENERAL IMJHX ^39
Chin, count! y, China — coul. Cliin, sea of —-conl.
i,J07, 229. 230, 2G1, 267, ^:M. 239 note : vi 149
351. 371 ii. 77. 82, : III, vii, 343 viii, 377
;
M3. 154. 156. 237, 277. shield of, iii, 125, 140, 256 ;
2S6, 287, 289, 297, 305, ix, 118

307. 357. 359. iî, 394 ; Sikandar goes to, vi, 169
iii, 4O, 49, 103, loO and silk of, 157 i, ; iii, 104, 165 ;
passim. V, 159, 295 ; vi, 85, 266 ;
assigned by Faridun to Tiir, vii, 73. 92, 347. 364. 418 ;
i, 189 viii, 258, 269, 374

brocade of, i, 269, 233 and steel of, iii, 186
passim stuffs of, vi, 143, 215
coasts of, vi, 1 73 ware of, vii, 78
cloth of gold from, ii, 275 ; sage of, viii, 235
vi, 182, 334 sashes from, ix, 12, 53
dinars of, iv, 241 gold thread of, ix, 82
Faghfiir of. See Faghfur. merchantmen of, ix, 89
helm of, i, 132 China, country, vi, 204
images of, v, 35 silk industry of, vi, 204
implements of, vi, 122 Chinab (Akesines), river in the
Khan of. See Khan. Punjab, vi, 31, 64
King of = Afrasiyab, ii, 99; Chinese, viii, 72
iv, 165, 170, 230 language, vi, 147
= Khan, iii, 227, 228; Chingish, Turanian hero. I4'j. iii,
vii, 87 207
= Arjasp, V, 36, 52, 55, volunteers to avenge Kamiis,
69, 86, 108 iii, 194
= Faghfur, vii, 131 challenges Rustam, iii, 194
= Mahmud, iv, 142
lord of slain by Rustam, iii, 195
= Sikandar, vi, 113 Chi'nwi, noble of Chin, viii, 331
= Faghfur, vi, 171 Chionitae, people, v, 13
mace of, iii, 129 geographical position of, v,
ornaments of, ii, 232 ; vi, 13
102, 139 Chorene, Moses of. See Moses.
paper of, vi, 172 Chosrau, Chosroes I (Kisra),
pen of, vi, 57, 99 Sasanian Sh4h, vii, 212,
prince of = Khan, iii, 226 281. See Nushirw4r^
= Afrasiyab, iv, 194 Chosroes, king of Armenia, vi,
= Arjasp, V, 35 202
=Parmuda, viii, i,\z Christ, 174, vi, 339 ; vii, 207,
= Sawa, viii, 222 249, 264, 270, 273, 2 70 ;
rarities of, vi, 171, 173 ; vii, ix, 24, 109

49 Faith of, vi, 133, 339 ; vii,
robes of, iii, 329 ; viii, 205, 274 ; viii, 43, 191, 272,
257 310, 380
Rose of = daughter of the account of, 276 viii,
Khan, vii, 363 and nole father 276
of, viii,
sea of, i, 113, 140, 252, 349; mother of, viii, 276
ii, 12, 256, 276, 285, 356, Cross of, viii, 377, 3S0 IX,
357; iii, 151, 252; iv, 23
^37. 2^4 ; V, 109, 203, laughter of, viii, 191, 380
240 GENERAL INDEX
Christian, Christians, 767, vi, Cloud, thunder-, as water-steal-
342 ; vii, 171, 254, 270 ; ing demon, i, 7
viii, 21, 67, 195, 196, 256, of bale = Afrasiyab, ii, 13
272, 308, 310, 381 ix, 23 ; name given by Rustam to
rites of marriage, vi, 104 himself, ii, 53
Faith, vi, 336 Clough, quoted, viii, 187
persecution of, vii, 153 Cocks and hens, taught to crow
Firdausi's view of, vii, 219 daybreak, i, 126
wife of Nushirwan, vii, 263, Colchians, people of the south-
274 eastern shores of the
mother of Niishzad, vii, Euxine, vi, 72
263 Colic, cure of, vii, 39
NiishzAd in his
helps Commander of the Faithful, ix,
revolt, vii, 266 7-2
laments for Niishzad, 'Umar, the first, ix, 72 and
vii, 276 note
support Niishzad, vii, 266, Commons, king of the, vii, 3
Communists (Mazdakites, q.v.),
shut gates of Karsan against vii, 185
Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 252 Companions of the Prophet
Christianity, vi, 138 (Muhammad), ijg
polemics against, vii, 219, praise of, /jp, i, 106
270, 273 Constantinople, vii, 316 viii, ;
Chiibin (Jiibin), father, accord- 194

ing to Mas'iidi, of Bahram conspirator against Nushir-
Chiibina, viii, 77 wan escapes to, vii, 316
Chubina, viii, 215, 222 Contents, General Table of, ix,
meaning of, viii, 98 note 139
Cilicia (Kaidafa), most south- Cook, chief, of
Nushirwan, griev-
easterly province of Asia ance of, viii, 18
Minor, vi, 294 Cordwainer. See Shoemaker.
Circesium, viii, 188 Corn-land, taxes on, vii, 215
City of Women, 160. See Hariim. Corpse, 160
Claudius, Roman emperor (A.D. Cos, island in the ^gean sea, vi,
41-54), iii, 10 204
Cleophis, Indian queen, vi, 65 silk industry of, vi, 204
Alexander the Great and, Cosmogony, ancient Iranian, i,
vi, 65 5.71
Climate, of Iran, i, 4, 5 Firdausi's, 102, iv, 136
Mazandardn, ii, 27 Country of the Blest. Sec Blest.
Clime, Climes, the seven, i, 40, Courses, the Seven, of Rustam,
71, 122, 123, 238 ; ii, 15 143, ii, 29, 44 seq.
note, 372 iii, 290, ; 317 ; Crassus, the triumvir (B.C. 115-
vi, 179, 262, 266, 273, 280, 53). i. 15
376, 377 ; viii, 39.5 defeat of, at Carrh;r, i, 13
Kai Khusrau surveys, in his Creation, Zoroastrian account of,
divining-cup, iii, 318 i. 5. 117
Central, i, 71, 122 ii, 27 ; Firdausi's account of, i, 102
Cloud, emblem of prosperity, i, seq.
73, 113, 114 ii, 263 and ; Crete, island, south of Greece,
note ; iv, 141 vi, 96 ; vi, T,ii note.
GENERAL INDEX 241
Crete, Minos king of, legend of, Cypress, of Kishmar. See Kish.
vi, 323 note mar.
Crocodile, iii, 278 Cyrus the Great (B.C. 558-528),
= assassin, i, iii son of Cambyses and
= Kamus, iii, 192 founder of the Persian
Cross, the, 174. vi, 351, 352; empire
vii, 249, 270, 276 viii, 308, ; legend of, in Herodotus
309, 374 identical with that of Kai
captured by D4rab, vi, 306 Khusrau, ii, 9, 190
and 7wte in Ctesias transferred to
religion of, vi, 138 Ardshir Papakan, vi,
Passion of, vi, 339 195
the true, viii, 191, 196, 253, rise of, i, 18
377. 37S, 380 ix, 4, 5, ;
compared to that of Ard-
10, 24 shir Papakan, vi, 194
restoration of, ix, 7, 56 historical parallel with Kai
of Christ, ix, 23 Khusrau, v, 10
Elevation of, ix, 43
Crows and Owls, story of, viii,
263 and note D
Crystal, House of, ix, 25 and note
Ctesias. See Ktesias. Dabistan, 17th century Persian
Ctesiphon (Taisafiin q.v.), city on treatise, v, 28
the left bank of the Tigris Cypress of Ki.shmar, account
some 25 miles below Bagh- of, in, V, 28
dad, originally an exten- Dad, franian warrior, vii, 86
sion of Seleucia on the Dadafrid, melody, viii, 398 and
right bank of that river, note
ii, 80; vi, 321, 322, 325, Daevas. See Div.
372 viii, 42, 188,
; 189, Daghwi, desert in Turkistan, ii,
193. 194. 196 ix, 65 seq.

; 193; iv, 117
taken by Shahrbaraz, ix, Dahaei.e.," foes "or" robbers,"
43. 44 a name given by the Iran-
Sa'ad, ix, 67 ians to the nomad tribes
booty found at, ix, 68 dwelling east of the Casp-
Culture-heroes. See Gaiiimart, ian and north of the
Hushang, Tahmuras, and Atrak in the region now
Jamshid, i, 118 seq. occupied by the Yamut
Cup, divining-, of Kai Khusrau, Turkmans, i, 19 ; iii,
iii, 317, 318, 323 10

inexhaustible, of Kaid, i$g, Dahaka (Azhi, Azi, Zahhak
vi, 94, 100, 109 q.v.), evil spirit, i, 7, 142,
poisoned, proffered to Ard- 172
shfr PapakAn, vi, 259 Dahistcin, stead or home of the
crj'stal,to detect poison (?), Dahae and town
q.v.
vii, 51 between Harat and Marv,
Cybele, Greek goddess, vi, 71 1, 280, 344 seq., 349, 363,
= Hittite Ma, vi, 71 iv, 61, 72, 79, 148, 157 ;
Cymbals, of the Brides of the ix, 95
Treasure, vi, 250 ; vii, 35 Naudar beleaguered in, by
and note Afrasiyab, i, iî
vol-. IX.
242 GENERAL INDEX
Dai, genius, i, 88, 89 ; iii, 287, Dambar, city in Kabulistan (? )
328 which was regarded as

month or day, i, 88, 89 v, ; Indian, i, 252, 256 ; iv,
43 vi, 306
; viii, 173, ; 278, 283, 284 ; vii, 396,
421 ix, 17
; 399. 421
pa Mihr, day, i, 88 v, ; Damdad, Nask, i, 70 note
16 1
Damur, Turanian hero, ii, 296,

Dai Marj, place where Bahram 319 iv, 156
;
Giir is said to have been overthrown by Siyawush,

drowned, vii, 6 ii, 295
Daitya, river, v, 13 advocates execution of Siya-
Daizan (Tair q.v.), vi, 322 wush, ii, 317
legend of, vi, 322 Danbar. See Dambar.
daughter of, legend of, vi, Dandamis. See Mandancs.
" Dang, coin, ix, 94 and note
Dakhma, Tower of Silence," i, Danishwar, the dihkan, sup-
81 and note posed compiler of the
Dakiki, Persian poet, ijg, 154, Bastan-nama, temp. Yaz-
155. ii. 3 'tiote, 8 v, ;
dagird III, i, 67, 68
10, 13; vi, 196; viii, Danube, river, v, 1 1
190 Darius' expedition to, v, 1 1 .
account of, i, 28, 67, 69, Dara, son of Darab, Shah (Darius
log V, 20
; Codomanus q.v.) 158, i,
Firdausi and, v, 21 seq., 42 ; ii, 3, 9 ; v, 281 ; vi,
30, 87, 88 83 seq., 112, 113, 123,
work of, compared with the 124, 132, 137, 170, 172,
Yatkar-i-Zarirdn, v, 24 188, 325, 353 viii, 220, ;
seq. 242, 387

Damaghan, city on the road from first historic Shah in the
Tihran to Nishapur and Shahnama, i, 49
the capital of the province origin of v, 297 note
name,
of Kumis, ii, 15 iv, 255 ; ;
legendary son of Darab, vi,
109, i8g
viii, 17, 27
Daman-i-Kuh, the northern appointed by Darab to
"mountain-skirt" of mod- succeed him, vi, 27
ern Persia, iii, 15 Reign of, 15S, vi, 29 seq.
Damascus, chief city in Syria, Note on, vi, 29 seq.
vi, 195 historical account of, vi, 29
Nicolaus of, Greek his- movements of, after his
torian, temp. Augustus, final defeat by Alex-
vi, 195 ander (Sikandar), vi, 31
Damdwand, volcano nearly Sikandar's correspondence
20,000 feet high and the with the wife and daugh-
culminating peak of the ter of, vi, 33
mountain-range south of accession of, vi, 34
the Caspian, i, 143, 144, letter of, to the kings, vi,
148 vi, 202
; viii, 391 ;
34
Zahhdk fettered on, i, 169, pays his troops, vi, 35
173 ambassadors come to, vi, 35
Arish's arrow-shot from, v, demands tribute froni
iz Sikandar, \i, 50
GENERAL INDEX 243
Dari, marches against Sikandar, D4rA Pandh, viii, 189, 284
vi. 37 goes disguised to Khusrau
Sikandar 's visit to the camp Parwiz' camp, viii, 2S6
of, vi, 38 betrays Bahram Chubina,
invites Sikandar to a ban- viii, 286
quet, vi, 40 returns to Bahram Chubina,
ambassador of, recognises with forged letter, viii, 287
Sikandar, vi, 40 T>krkh, Shah, son of Bah man
sends horsemen in pursuit and Humii, 158, i, 42 ;
of Sikandar vi, 41 ii, 3. 9 ; V, 281, 292, 297

defeated by Sikandar, vi, 43 seq. ; vi, 11, 34 and 7iote,
collects another army, vi, 49. 83, 84, 86, 132, 137,
43 172, 188 ; vii, 215 ; viii,
defeat of vi, 44 191
goes to Chahram vi, 44 foundling legend of, ii, 11;
Istakhr vi, 44 V, 293 seq.
takes counsel with his chiefs Tabarf's version of, v,
vi, 45 297 note
collects a new host vi, 46 birth of, V, 294
marches from Istakhr, vi, 46 referred to, v, 294 seq.
defeat of, vi, 46 exposed on the Farat, v,
withdraws to Kirman, vi, 295
46 found and adopted by a
bewails himself, vi, 47 launderer, v, 296 seq.
letter of, to Sikandar, vi, 49 royal birth of, asserts itself,
Fur, vi, 50 V, 298
marches against Sikandar, youthful escapades of, v, 298
vi, 51 brought up as a cavalier, v,
abandoned by his troops 299
and flees, vi, 51 feelslack of natural affec-
murdered by his ministers, tion for the launderer, v,
vi, 52 300
murderers of, arrested by hears of his case from the
Sikandar, vi, 53 launderer's wife, v, 300
dying interview of, with v, 301
enlists,
Sikandar, vi, 53 seen by Ifuniai, v, 302
vengeance promised to, by and the adventure of the
Sikandar, vi, 53 ruined vault, v, 303
tells his last wishes to receives gifts from Rashna-
Sikandar, vi, 54 wad, V, 304
bestows Rushanak upon questioned by Rashnawid,
Sikandar, vi, 55, 86 V, 304
dies, vi, 55 prowess of, against the
burial of, vi, 56 Riimans, v, 305, 306
Seisin, son of, vi, 211 praised and rewarded by
kindred of, support Ard- Rashnawcid, v, 305, 306
shi'r Papakdn, vi, 223 captures the Cross, v, 306
Dara (l)aras), city, viii, 41, 194 and )wte
taken by Niishirwan, viii, 41 takes of the spoil one spear,
ceded by Khusrau I'arwiz, V, 307
viii, 188 returns to Iran, v, 307
244 GENERAL INDEX
Darab, Rashnawad hears from Darband, Pass of, described,
the launderer and his wife i, 16
of the case of, v, 308 fortification of, i, 16, 17
Rashnawad writes to Hnmai and note, vii, 213, 239
about, V, 308 Mas'iidi's accounts of,
recognised by Humai as vii, 215
being her son, v, 308 Dari, vii, 430 and note
appears with Rashnawad Dariel, Pass of, in the Caucasus,
Isefore Humai, v, 309 seq. vi, 79
crowned by Humai and Darius, Hystaspis, Shah, i, 9, 65 ;
accepts her excuses, v, 310 V, 10 viii, 187

;
Humai proclaims the ac- trilingual inscription of, at

cession of, V, 311 Bihistiin, i, 6
visited by, and rewards, the Zoroastrian calendar adopt-
launderer and his wife, ed by, i, 59
V, 311, 31-2 reign of, and Gusht^sp's
Reign of, 158, vi, 11 seq. compared, v, 11
Note on, vi, 11 seq. conversion of, v, 1 1
father of Sikandar in Per- Darius, Codomanus (Dara q.v.)

sian legend, vi, 16 Shah, i, 49 vi, 16, 17, 29
;
legendary father of Dara, vi, defeated at Issus, vi, 30

17 Alexander escapes from the
liarangues the chief-;, vi, 20 banquet of, vi, 30
ambassadors come to, vi, 21 defeated at Gaugamela, vi,
employs Ruman artificers, 31
vi, 21 asks that his family may be
wars with the Arabs, vi, 21 restored to him, vi, 31
defeats and demands tribute writes to Porus, vi, 31
from Arabs, vi, 22 historical account of the
wars with Rum, vi, 22 death of, vi, 31
defeats Failakus, vi, 23 daughter of, marries Alex-
grants terms of peace to ander, vi, 33
Failakus, vi. 24 corpse of, sent to Pars, vi,
marries the daughter of 33
Failakus, vi, 25 assassins of, punished, vi, 33
returns to Pars, vi, 25 Dareja, river in Azarbaijan, v,
becomes disaffected towards 14
his wife (Nahid), vi, 25 Darkness, Land of. See Gloom.
marries again, vi, 27 House of, ix, 7 ;
Dara is born to him, vi, 27 Darmdn, viii, 202

fails in health, vi, 27 Darmesteter, Professor, un I'ir-
appoints Dard to succeed dausi's geography, ii, 7<),
him, vi, 27 80
dies, vi, 28 on Afrdsiy^b's capture by
Ddrab, Darabgird, city in Pars, Hum, iv, 136
756', vi, 17, 198, 199; Story of the Worm, vi, 203
viii, 313 Haftvvad, vi, 206
Darband, town and pass be- Darun, Zoroastrian religious rite,
tween the Caucasus q.v., V, 19
and the Casjîan, ii, 336 ; Daryai Riid, river in Azarbdijan,
viii, 369 nole V, 14
GENERAL INDEX \5
Dastaginl, city, viii, 103, 196 ; Dihkdn, Persian generic title, i,
ix, 7 56, 81
taken by Heraclius, \iii, Kq Fiiith of, vi, 95
Dashma, franian hero, iv, 148 Dijla (Arwand, Tigris q.v.), river,
Dastan (Zal </.?'.), 264
i, 84, 248, i, 100
Daslan-i-Sain (ZAl q.v.), i, 84 Faridi'in's crossing of, i, 160
D4stan-i-Zand (Zal q.v.), i, 245 Dilafn'iz, franian hero, iv, 147
and }iole, 248 Dilafri'iz, a bramble-grubber,
Date-palm, i, 4 Bahram Gur and, vii, 70
taxes on, vii, 215, 225 seq.
Daughter of Kaid. See Kaid, Dilafruz-i-Farruk!ipai, franian
Four Wonders of. slave-girl, 162, vi, 3
"
Daulat Shah, author of Lives slave to Caesar's wife, vi,
of the Poets," i, 24 338
Death, early, I'lrdausi's justifi- pities Sha])nr, vi, 339
cation of, ii, 119 discovers who Shapiir is, vi,
Dead Sea, viii, 192 339
Deinon. See Dinon. frees Shapiir from the ass's
Deipnosophistce, of Athcnaeus, ii, skin, vi, 340
ID escapes with Shapur from
quoted, iv, 314 Rum, vi, 340 seq.
Derketo, goddess, v, 292 entertained by a gardener,
legend of, v, 292 vi, 34^
Destiny, Muhammadan and Zor- praised by Shapur, vi, 346

oastrian conceptions of, i, named and honoured by
52 Shapur, 356vi,
Dewasarm, king of Hind, vii, 381 meaning of, vi, 356 note
sends the game of chess to Dilam, Dilaman, district on the
Niishirwan, vii, 380 Caspian now represented
Dharma, Indian god of righteous- by Talish and part of
ness, iv, 138 Gilan, vi, 202, 227 vii, ;
follows in the form of a dog 243. 244, 362

the Pandavas in their pil- Dilamids (Buyids), dynasty rul-
grimage, iv, 139 ing in south-western fran
Dhoulkarnain. See Zu-'l-kar- in the loth century A.D.,
nain. i, 14. 21, 45
Dhu K4r, battle of, viii, 188, ix, Dilamite, 'AH the, friend and
4. 5. 66 helper of Firdausi, i, 35 ;
historical account of, viii, ix, 121

190 Dihinjam, Caesar's (temp. Luh-
date of, viii, 191 rasp) second daughter, iv,
Diagram to illustrate reign of 333
Gushtasp, V, 27 asked in marriage by Mirin,
Persian Romance of Alex- iv,333
ander the Great, vi, 84 married to Mi'ri'n, iv, 341
Diba-i-Khusraui, treasure, viii, Dilarai, wife to Dara and mother
406 and note of Rushanak, 15S, J59, vi,
Dice, vii, 381 87 seq.
used in the game of nard, visited
by Nahi'd, vi, 89
vii, 3''^ I. 389 Dimna, Kalila and, i6r). See
symbolism of, vii, 381, 382 Fables of Bidpai.
>46 GENERAL INDEX
Dina-i Mainog-i lsh\ra.d, Pahlavi Div, divs, carry Jamshid on his
text, 189 ii, throne up to the sky, i, 1 33
quoted, vii, 279 title of honour, ii, 29
Dinar, gold coin, i, 81, 231, 363 song of a, ii, 31

and passim Arjasp informed by a, of
Dinawari, Arabic historian Gushtasp's resolve not to
(ninth century), vi, 16, pay tribute, v, 36
64, 80, 81, 256, 323 ; vii, Mazdak's five, vii, 205
6, 156, 186, 214 Biizurjinihr's ten, vii, 368
Dinkard, Pahlavi text, i, 70 note, Akwan. See Akwan.
373 ii,
; 26, 8t vi. ;
= Ahriman, 7J9, i, 82, 126,
252 156, 195, 260 ; ii, 46, 324,
Diodorus, Greek historian, temp. 342. 370. 386, 400 ; iii,
Julius Caesar and Augus- 189, 293. 333 iv, 63, 84, ;
tus, V, 293 201, 206, 278, 282, 286,

Bibliotheca of, v, 293 289 seq., 301, 322, 341 ;
Diognetus, Greek writer, temp. v, 35, 81, 180, 188, 189,

Alexander the Great, vi, 194 seq., 218, 228, 242 ;
12 vi, 349 ; vii, 93, 107, 109,

Dionysus, Greek god, vi, 71 117, 143. 227, 154, 206,
temple of, visited by Si- 268, 289, 304, 323, 303,
kandar, vi, 71 332, 368 seq., 376, 390 ;
Diram. See Drachm. viii, 27, 50, 87, 123, 215,

Dirazdast (Longimanus), title, 222, 304, 341, 346, 411 .
v, 281 vi, 324 and note
; ix, 47, 102, 104
Div, di'vs (Daevas), demons or = Bahram Chiibina, viii,
"
foreign devils," 140, 143, 153. 219, 293. 298
150, i, 42, 82, 130, 131,
—witch, viii, 161
134, 148, 227, 290; h, = Zahhak, viii, 242
27. 33. 34. 38. 41 seq., 57 = Kuliin, viii, 342
seq., 68, 73, loi, 102, Binder of the=Tahmuras,
144 ; iii, 70, 74, 200, 232, i, 42, 125, 126, 214
244, 255, 257 seq., 261, = Gudarz, iv, 35
268, 273 320, 330
seq., ,
= Rustam, iii, 253, 262
iv, 86, 87, 177, 288, 295 , Black, son of Ahriman, /jp,
v, 32, 58, 66, 71, 108, 174; i, 82, 117 ; ii, 53 ; v, 199 ;
201, 202, 213, 220, 230; 171

viii,
245 ; vi, 135, 146, 150, White, 143, i, 82 ; ii, 27, 39

241 ; vii, 115, 154, 174, seq., 43. 44. 54. 55- 58 seq.,
368 seq. ; viii, 159, 161, 66, 93, 163, 373 iii, 143, ;
206, 209, 211, 217, 218, 256, 314 iv, 136, 296
; ;
290, 341. 342, 399 and v, 117, 176, 203, 207, 234
note, 418 ; ix, 18, 25 defeats Kaiis, ii, 40
rebel against Tahmiiras, i, blood of, cures blindness,
127 ii, 58. 62
overthrown by Tahmiiras, i, slain by Rustam, ii, 60
127 Divining-cup. See Cup.
teach Tahmiiras the art of Dneiper (Borysthenes), river in
writing, i, 127 southern European Rus-
build edifices for Jamshid, i, sia, flowing into the Black
133 Sea, iii, 191
cnNERir. ixnnx 217
Don (Tanais), river in soutlicrn Drea 11, Abul K4sim of Gurgan's,
Juiropcan Russia, (lowing iii, 190
into Sea of Azov,
tlie iv, Afrasiyab's, ii, 232 seq.
315 note, 316 referred to, ii, 243, 297 ;
Doiti, The Mot-all Philosophie of, iv, I

70, 267
vii, 3^3 Firdausi's, of Mahmud, i, 1 1 2
Drachm (diram), silver coin, i, 30
Daki'ki, v, 23,
81 Gudarz's, ii, 363, 404
Dragon, 143. 154, 156, 160, 164, Gushtasp's, v, 19
165, i, 42, 123 ; vi, 132, Raid's, V, 62, gi
146 Ratayiin's, iv, 316, 329, 330
Faridi'in takes the form of, Niishirwan's, vii, 282 seq. ;
1S6
i, ix, 92
of the Kashaf, i, 235 Odatis', iv, 315
Sdm and the, i, 296 seq., Papak's, vi, 200, 212
V, 202 Piran's, ii, 325
slain by Rustam and Sam's, i, 243, 244
Rakhsh, ii, 48 seq. Siyawush's, ii, 309
of Mount Sakila, iv, 342 seq. Tiis', iii, 149
Gushtasp and, iv, 343 seq. Zariadres', iv, 315
teeth of, produced by Draupadi, joint wife of the five
Hishwi to Caesar, iv, 351 Pandavas, iv, 138 and
referred to, iv, 358 note, 139
Sikandar's adventure with, Drought and famine in Iran, i,
vi, 71. 151 3. 5. 371

370. ; li. 363 ;
slain by Bahram Gur, vii, vii, 159, 162

42, 123 seq. Piriiz's measures to allev-
described, i, 123, 296 ; iv, iate, vii, 159, 162
345 ; v, 202 .
vi, 151 ;
breaking up of, described,
123
vii, 43, vii, 163
Dragon = Afrisiyab, iii, 22, 46, Mazdak's parable concern-
211, 219, 222. 248, 319, ing, vii, 201
343 ; iv, 270 Drvaspa, genius of cattle, iv, 137
= Ahriman, 195 330 i, ; iii, Dualism, i, 5, 49, 50, 52, 56, 58
= Ardawan, vi, 222 taught by Urmuzd to Zar-
= Fur, vi, 113 duhsht, v, 16
= Giv, 58 iii, Dughdhova, v, 14, 15
= Human, iv, 43, 52 account of, v, 14
= Palashan, 26 iii, Duk, plain, yiii, 282, 284
= Puladwand, 264 iii, mountain, viii, 289
= Rakhsh's dam, 379 i, Dukhtniish. See Niisha.
= Rakhsh, 380 i, Dunbar. See Dambar.
= Rustam, 222 iii, Duncker, Professor, ii, 9
= Zahhak, 155, 158, 161, i, on date of Zandavasta, ii, 9
163, 168, 169, 275, 288, Durdsrobo, a Karap q.v., v, 15
292 Dust, prevalence of, in Iran, i, 3
Dragon's child =Rudaba, i, 304 as a metaphor, i, 73 and
Drangiana (Sfstan), province in passim
eastern fran, i, 4 ; vi, 32 Dynasty, dynasties, Iranian, i, 49
Dream, dreams, veridical, i, 51 Pishdadian q.v.
Firdausi on, vii, 281 Kaianian q.v.
248 GENERAL INDEX
Dynasty, Ashkanian q.v. Elephantine, the = Rustam, ii,
Sasanian q.v. 6.5, 67

Eleven Rukhs, Battle of the, iv,
88
arranged by Giidarz and
Pi'ran, iv, 95 seq.
Eclipse of sun, total, temp. Firdausi's reflections on, iv,
Piriiz, vii, 159 7, 98, 106
Edessa, S. James of, i, 374 Ellipi, kingdom of, i, 9, 17
Eggs, golden, as tribute, vi, 24, Elixir, 144, ii, 177, 178
36, 160, 169 Elymais (Elam, q.v.), kingdom,
Egypt (Misr, q.v.), ii, 80 vi, 12, ; vi, 198
16, 17, 72, 81, 82 viii, ;
Endless peace, the, vii, 217
187, 193 Enotokoitai, the. vi, 80
Pseudo-Callisthenes written ancient kingdom in
Epirus,
in, vi. 13 northern Greece, vi. 12
invaded by Alexander the Alexander I of, vi, 12
Great, 30 vi, his expedition to Italy,
Egyptian Egyptians, vi, 16 ; vi, 12
viii, 193 ix, no ; Equinox, autumnal, iv, 313
falsification of history by, Erinde, river, iii, 10 and note, 11
vi, 16 Esdras (Ezra), Jewish priest and
thorn, viii, 210 scribe, supposed by the
linen, ix, no Muhammadans to have
Ekbatana (Hamadan), the capi- restored from memory the
tal of Media, i, 17 ; ii, law lost during the cap-
191 ; vi, 31, 32 tivity, vii, 207, 264
capital of the Manda, q.v., Ether, viii, 275
i. 17 Ethics, Muhammadan, respected,
Elam (Susiana, Khuzistan), 74
viii,
ancient kingdom and Per- Ethiop, Ethiopian, Ethiopic, i,
sian province at the head 44 iii, 226
; vi, 43, 71, ;
of the Persian Gulf, i, 9 ;

80
194, 198
vi, = Indian, vi, 13, 68
Elburz. See Alburz. western and eastern, vi, 13,
Elements, the four, i, 102, 286 68, 71
Elephant, elephants, i, 112 and version of the Pseudo-Callis-
passim thcncs, q.v., vi, 17 and
towers on, 179 iv, note. iS,
30, 33, 66, 67,
Fur's, vi, 115, 116 71, 74, 82, 83
Sikandar's device to over- Ethiopia, vi, 72
come, vi, 115, 116 flight of Ncctanebus to, vi,
= Rustam, 221, iii, 253 18 note
= Rakhsh, 257 iii, western and eastern, vi, 68
= Fur, vi, 117 = India, vi, 68
piece in chess, vii, 285, Eumenes, Greek ephemcrist,
423 temp. Alexander the
position of, vii, 388, 422 Great, vi, 12
move of, vii, 422 Euphrates (Farat, q.v.), river, ii,
White, ZAl's, 141. i, 328 80 ; V, 292 ; vi, 31.327 ;
referred to, i, 377 vii, 217 ; viii, 188, 190

GENERAL INDEX 2-!9
Euxinc, sea, i, i6 ; ii, 191, 336; Faghfiir

— cout.
vi, 72 80, 113, 169 seq., 325 ;
Eye, metaphor for child, i, 17S, vii, 340. 343. 40'"^ : viii,
I So, 181, 1S5, 194 ii, ; 74 ; ix, 87, 97, 102

297, 3-!S V, 272 ; vii, ; temp. Kai Khusrau, helps
276, 356 Afrdsiyab, iv, 219
evil, ii, -204, 252 iii, 141, ;
Khan and, sue to Kai
157. 337 iv, 144, 282
; ; Khusrau for peace, iv,
V, 194. 245, 2.51, 290 ; 229

vi, 266, 402 vii, 78, 81, ;
orders Afrasiydb to quit
172 viii, 16, 417
;
Khutan and Chin, iv,
turns milk to bane, vii, 320 230
seq., 324, 325 grants facilities to Kai
Khusrau for his march
through Chin, iv, 239
Khan of Chin and, welcome
Kai Khusrau, iv, 240
Fables of Bidpai (Book of confirmed in the posses-
KaHla and Dimna), vii, sion of Chin and
213, 427 seq. ; viii, 202 Machin, iv, 252
note, 390 temp. Sikandar, ambassa-
introduction of, into Persia, dors from, come to Dara,
vii, 213 vi, 35
translation of, vii, 382, 3S3 Sikandar visits as his own
Firdausi's account of, vii, ambassador, vi, 170
430 gives audience to Sikandar,
vogue of, vii, 383 vi, 170
origin of, vii, 383 entertains Sikandar, vi, 171

Niishirwan's acquisition of, answers Sikandar, vi, 172
vii, 423 seq. gifts of, to Sikandar, vi,
Faghanish, temp. Piruz, kin<^ of 173
the Haitalians, 16S, vii, sends envoy with Sikandar,
157 vi, 173
helps Piriiz for a considera- temp. Bahram Giir, 765
tion, vii, 157 daughter of, the wife of
temp. Niishirwan, 168 Shangul, vii, 115
made king instead of hears of Bahram Giir's ex-
Ghatkar, vii, 333 ploits in Hind, vii, 129
Niishirwan takes counsel invites Bahram Giir to visit
about, vii, 333 him, vii, 129
descent of, from Bahram Bahram Giir's reply to, vii,
Giir. vii, 334 130
Niishirwan writes to, vii, temp. Niishirwan, viii, 97
337 Faghfiir, son of Sawa, viii, 74,
makes submission to Niish- 75. 120
irwan, vii, 360 confused with Faghfiir of
Faghfiir, dynastic title of the Chin, viii, 74
rulers of Chin and IMachin, parley of, with Bahram
152. 153. 160, i, 262 ; Chiibina, viii, 1 1 2
ii,383 ; iv. II, 135. 196, head of, on spear, viii,
238 seq. ; v, 221 ; vi, 35, 132

250 GENERAL INDEX
Failakiis (Philip II of Macedon), Faramarz, son of Rustam, 146'
grandfather in Iranian 157. ii. 4. 319. 341 seq.'
legend of Sikandar (Alex- 349, 351. 354 iii. 18, 30- ;
ander the Great), 158, vi, 35, 36, 202, 323, 325, 326'
57, 102, 112, 125. 130, 131, 328 ; iv,14 v, 173, 174,
;
151, 182 ; vii, 215 ; viii, 182, 183, 198, 231, 260,
387 261, 272, 274, 281, 283,
wars with Darab, vi, 22 284
allied with the king of Rus, parentage of, iii, 323
22
vi, appointed to expel the
inarches from 'Amniuriya to Turkmans from Zabulis-
encounter Darab, vi, 23 tan, iii, 31
defeated and returns to referred to, v, 184
'Ammuriya, vi, 23 Zawara and, sent by Rustam
sues for peace, vi, 23 to bid Zal and Riidaba
agrees to send tribute, and prepare to receive Asfan-
give his daughter in diyar, v, 190
niarriage, to Darab, i$8, slays Mihr-i-Nush, v, 227
vi, 24, 25
goes to Rustam and Asfan-
adopts Sikandar as his heir, diyar, v, 247
vi, 27 marches against Kabul, v,
Faith, Faiths, the four, vi, 92, 274, 276
95 takes the corpses of Rustam,
of Christ, Christian, vi, 133, Zawara, and Rakhsh from
352, 356 the pits, and conveys
of Ahriman, ii, 358 ; vi, them to Zabul for burial,
281, 290 V, 274 seq.
Faithful, Commander of the, ix, fights with the king of
72 Kabul and puts him
'Umar, the first, ix, 72 and and his kin to death, v,
note
276, 277
Fakirs, the, vi, 61
makes a Zabuli
king of
Alexander the Great and,
Kabul, 277 V,
61
vi, returns to Zabul, v, 277
Onesicritus and, vi, 61
hears of Bahman's invasion
Fakka', a kind of drink, i, 43
and marches against him,
note
V, 287
Falatun (Plato), vii, 100 ; viii,
defeated and put to death,
264
108, 196; 176; V, 288
Falconry, ii, vi,
vii, 42, 48 seq., 54, 55, 76 Faranak, wife of Abtin and
and note mother of Faridun, i, 90,
origin of, i, 126 145. 157
Famine, See Drought. Faridun brought up by, on
Farab (Fariyab ? q.v.), iv, 185 Birmaya's milk, i, 151
Farab (Firabr), desert and town taken by, to Mount
on the right bank of the Alburz, i, 152
Oxus opposite to Amwi, told by, about his origin.
q.v., vii, 91, 92 i. ^5Z
desert of, ix, 115, 118 prays for Faridiin's safety,
Fara'in, Iranian chief, vii, 207 i. 158
GENERAL INDEX 251
r"ar4nak, rejoices over Faiidun's Farayin, counselled by his

success, i, 175 youngest son, ix, î
gifts of, to Faiidi'iii, i, 176 misrule 33of, ix,
Faranak, daughter of liarzin, plot against, 54 ix,
vii, 53 Farfuriyus (I'orphyrogenitus ?),
married to Bahrain Gi'ir, Ki'iman general, i6y, vii,
vii, 53 218
Farnngis, daughter of Afrasiyab, defeated by Niishirwan, vii,
wife of Siyawush, and 256
mother Kai Khusrau,
of makes report to Caesar, vii,
1^5, 1^6, 148, ii, 270 seq., 260

2S8 seq., 299, 306, 373, Farghan, Riiman architect, and
381, 386 5^^. iii, 96, 117, ; Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 401
203, 211 seq.
Mandane and, identical in Farghana, region south of the
legend, 191 ii, Jaxartes, east of Sughd,
Siyawush marries, ii, 270 iii, log
Afrasiydb summons, to Farghar, Turanian hero, iii, 250

court, ii, 300 seq. goes to spy on Rustam, iii,
Siyawush confides in, ii, 307 250
seq. reports to Afrasiyab, iii, 253
Afrasiyab appealed to by, Farhad, Iranian hero, ii, 73, 85,
ii, 317 seq. 138 316, 338, 340 ; iii, II.
imprisoned, ii, 320 20, 25, 34, 45, 48, 127,
sentenced, ii, 322 268, 289, 313, 327, 331,
Pfran saves and takes charge 352 ; iv, 13, 15, 21, 25,
of, ii, 324 seq. 42, 147, 292
Kai Khusrau born of, ii, 326 Parthian origin of, iii, 1 1
dwe'ls at Siyawushgird, ii, goes as envoy to the king of
333 Mazandaran, ii, 63
instructs Kai Khusrau how takes part in the Fight of
to find Bihzad, ii, 374 the Seven Warriors, ii,
gives Giv the mail of III
Siyawush, ii, 376 steed of, iii, 313
crosses the Jihi'in, ii, 392 goes with Rustam to rescue
provided for by Kai Kaiis, Bizhan, iii, 334
399
ii, left in command bv Giv,
Fariburz marries, iii, 14S iv, 83
referred to, iii, 146 seq., 202 ;
put in command of the left
iv, 205, 213, 216 wing, iv, Qi
death of referred to, iv, 304 left at Gang-bihisht, iv, 219
Farat (Euphrates), river, 158, Farhcid, Iranian general, temp.
V, 294, 309 vi, 37, 42, ; Niishirwan, vii, 251
43, 290 viii, 93, 250
; commands left wing, vii, 251
DArAb cast away upon, v, Farhad, lover of Shirin, viii, 192
295 Fariburz, son of Kai Kaus, 148,
FarAyi'n (Guriz, Shahrbariz^.z;.), 151, ii, 3, 62, 199, 316,
Shah, lys, ix, 50, 53, 105 335. 336, 340. 358, 405
accession-speech of, ix, 52 seq., 409; iv, 14, 24, 32,
counselled by his eldest son, 45, 50. 145 seq., 164, 166,
ix, 52 167, 174, 177, 182, 187,
252 GENERAL INDEX
Fariburz — cont. Fariburz, Kai Khusrau remon-
211, 213, 215, 238, 239, strated with by, and
253, 258, 268, 289, 331 ; other nobles for refusing
iv, 13, 34. 37. 91 audience, iv, 275
encampment of, described, Kai Khusrau's gift to, iv,
ii.155 295
claims of, to the throne sup- sets out with Kai Khusrau
ported by Tus, ii, 401, on his pilgrimage, iv, 306
iii, 13 refuses to turn back when
recognises Kai Khusrau as bidden by Kai Khusrau,
Shah, ii, 410 iv, 307
Kai Khusrau 's letter to, Kai Khusrau farewells and
84
iii, warns, and his comrades,
reads to the chiefs Kai iv, 308
Khusrau's letter, and disappears and is sought
supersedes Tus, iii, 86 in vain by, and his com-
sends Ruhham to Piran, iii, rades, iv, 308
87 vainly reminds his com-
obtains an armistice and rades of Kai Khusrau's
prepares to renew the warning, iv, 309
campaign, iii, 89 end of, iv, 309
fights and is defeated, iii, 90 Faridun (Thraetaona), Shah, son
returns to Iran, iii, iii of Abtin and Faranak,rô,
asks Rustam to support his 141, 133, i. 30. 42, 54, 55.
suit to Farangis, iii, 146 90 seq., 142, 286, 336, 341,
marries Farangis, iii, 148 349, 351, 364, 370. 382.
leads the van of Rustam's 384, 385; ii, ". 17, 19,
expedition to succour Tus, 21, 29, 33, 36, 37, 99. 193.
iii, 148 195, 204, 237, 274, 318,
meets Giidarz, iii, 163 327. 392, 400, 404 ; iii.
joins forces with Tus, iii, 21, 37. 245. 257; iv, 17,
169 66, 69, 89, 91, 142, 149.
goes to Kai Khusrau with 151, 153, 168, 174, 203,
tidings of victory, iii, 236 204, 221, 222, 255, 259,
seq. 260, 262, 266, 269, 286,
returns to the host, iii, 241, 289, 299, 313, 328; V, 32,
243 34, t6o, 180, 196, 204
commands the right wing, seq., 245, 260, 261, 271,
iv, 24 283 ;vi, 73, 172, 209,
superseded pro tern, by 406 vii, 37, 38, 60, 62,
;
Katmara, iv, 92 73, 79, loi, 120, 199, 207 ;

chosen to fight with Kulbad, viii, 129, 205, 218, 231,
iv, 97 242, 260, 300, 376 seq.,
slays KulbM, iv, 99 391, 392 ; ix, 25, 39, 53.
commands with TukhAr the 71, 86, 103
troops from Khawar, iv, mythological origin of, i, 171
148 seq.
slays Fartus, iv, 181 Zahh4k's dream of, i, 147
commands the right, iv, 191 seq.
takes part in the siege of advent of, prophesied, i,
Gang-bihisht, iv, 199 149

GENERAL INDEX 253
Fari'dun, birth of, i, 150 Faridiin, becomes Shdh, i, 168
father of, slain by Zahhdk, i, fetters Zahhak upon Mount
151 Damawand, i, 169
brought up on the milk of Reign of, 140, i, 171 seq.
the cow Birniaya, i, 151 Note on, i, 171 seq.
taken by his mother to three sons of, i, 174, 177
Mount Alburz, 152 i, ethnical significance of, i,
palace of, burned by Zahhak, 54

i. 152, 153 accession of, i, 174
questions his mother about holds a feast, i, 175
his origin, i, 152 makes a progress through
contemplates revenge on the world, i, 17G
Zahhak, i, 154 builds himself a seat, i, 177
dissuaded by his mother, i, sends Jandal on a mission, i,
154 177
Kawa revolts to, i, 157 receives Jandal s report, i,
resolves to war with Zahhak, 182

i, 157 instructs his sons how to
brothers 158of, i, deal with Sarv, i, 182
ox-head mace invented by, sons outwit Sarv, i, 184
of,
1,158 receive Sarv's daughters
rewards the smiths, i, 158 in marriage, i, 185
goes to fight Zahhcik, i, 159 return home, i, 186
seq. proved by Fan'dun, i, 186
visited and instructed by named by Faridiin, i, 187
Suriish, i, 159 wivesof, named by Fari-
life of, attempted by his diin, i, 188
brothers, i, 160 horoscopes of,taken by
saves himself by his magic Faridiin, i,188
power, i, 160 divides the world among
van of, led by Kawa, i, 160 his sons, i, 189
crosses the Arwand (Dijla, grows old, i, 189
Tigris), 1, 160 Salm and Tiir write to, to
enters Zahhak's capital, i, demand the abdication of
161 fraj, i, 191
overthrows Zahhdk's talis- makes answer to his sons, i,
man, i, 161 193

seeks in vain for Zahhak, i, holds converse with fraj, i,
162 195
finds the sisters of Jamslu'd, writes to Salm and Tiir, i, 197
i, 162 fraj's head sent to, i, 202
hears where Zahhak is, i, 163 mourning of, for fraj, i, 203
Story of, and Zahhak's min- êq.
ister (Kundrav),
i, 164 sight of, injured by mourn-
doings reported to Zah-
of, ing for fraj, i, 204
hak by Kundrav, i, 165 hopes for issue from fraj, i,
attacked by, and over- 205
throws, Zahhdk, i, 168, recovers his sight, i, 206
288 gifts of, to Miniichihr, i, 207
counselled by Surush about gives a feast to the nobles,
Zahhak, i, 1O8, lOy i, 207
254 GENERAL INDEX
Faddun, receives an embassage Farrukh-Hurmuzd (Hurmuzd
from his sons, i, 209 q.v.), father of Rustam,
makes answer to his sons, ix, 69
i, 211 Farrukhzad (of glorious birth),
sends IVIiniichihr to fight name assumed by Gush-
with Salm and Tur i, 215 tasp in Riim, iv, 351 seq.,
hears of Minuchihr's vic- 357. 360
tory, i, 222 j
Farrukhzad, Shah, J75, ix, 61
Minuchihr sends the heads I
seq., 70
of Salm and Tur to, i, 222, Siyah Chashm and, ix, 62
229 poisons, ix, 63
welcomes Minuchihr on his Farrukhzad (Farrukhanzad q.v.),
return in triumph, i, 230 son of Hurmuzd, brother
confides Minuchihr to Salm, of Rustam, and favourite
231
i, of Khusrau Parvviz, ix, 23,
gives thanks to God and 87. 92, 95
prays for death, i, 232 conspires with Guraz, viii,
distributes the spoil to the 408, 412
troops, i, 232 goes to the host, viii, 412
enthrones Minuchihr, i, 232 rebels in favour of Shirwi,
passes his last days in viii, 413
austerities, i, 232 brother of, viii, 413 and
dies, i, 232 note
burial of, i, 233 conspires with Tukhar, viii,
mourning 233, 237

for, i, 414
Firdausi's reflections on, i, proclaims Shirwi Shah, viii,
170, 232
final warfare of Zahhak hears where Khusrau Par-
with, i, 278,173 cf. wiz is hiding, viii, 419
Mount Sipand besieged by holds talk with Khusrau
order of, i, 329 Parwiz, viii, 420
Grace of, i, 335 bribes Mihr Hurmuzd to
saying of, ii, 219 and note murder Khusrau Parwiz,
flag of = flag of Kawa, vi, 59 ix, 33
capital of, vii, 215, 238 defeats the Arabs, ix, 85
Farikin (Maiyafarikin, Martyr- counsels Yazdagird, ix, 86,
opolis), city in Roman 87
Armenia, vii, 200 leads the host to Khurasan,
taken by Kubad, vii, 200 ix, 8g
Fdriyab, city half way between entrusts Yazdagird to
the town of Marvrud and M4hwi, 95 ix,
Balkh, iv, 65 goes to Rai, ix, 96
Farr, i, 82. See Grace. FarrukhzAd, Iranian warrior,
Farruhan (Farrukhcin). See viii, 241, 296
Fardyin. speech of, viii, 240
Farrukh, ruler of Nimriiz, viii, Farsang (parasang), measure of
375 length, about 3.88 miles,
Farrukhan (Farruhan). See i, 82
Farayin. Farshidward, son of Wisa and
Farrukhdnzdd (Farrukhzad q.v.), brother of Piran, Turan-
viii, 195 ian hero, 75-', i, 92 ; iii,
GENERAL INDEX 555
Farshfdward — com/. Farshfdward, a miser. Bahram

90, 166, 205, 252 ;
198, Gur visits, vii, 68 seq.
iv, 7, 119, 122, 125,
10, pretended destitution of,
133. 153. 160, 162 vii, 68 seq.
summons Pircin to save wealth of, described, vii, 70,
Farangi's, 322 ii, 72, 73
commands with Lahhak the Fartiis, Turanian hero, iii, 182,
right wing, iv, 26 213, 231, 251
attacks the Iranians in comes to aid Pirdn, iii, 152
flank, iv, 82 hears of the coming of
opposed by Zanga, iv, 83 Rustam, iii, 175
goes to help Piran and by Fariburz, iv, 181
slain
attacks Giv, iv, 85 Farud, son of Siyawush and
prowess of, iv, 86 Jarira daughter of Piran,
fights with Guraza, iv, 87 and half brother of Kai
Bizhan, iv, 87 Khusrau, 145, 147, i, 92,
Lahhak and, put in joint 370 ii, 3, 291
; iii, 8, 14, ;
command, iv, 84 42 seq., 72, 85, 87, 93, 107,

Piran's instructions to, III seq. iv, 42, ; 135 ;
95
iv, V, 30
hear of the death of Piran birth of, ii, 291
and the coming of Kai liostiHty of Tiis to, iii, 13
Khusrau, iv, 112 Story of, 14J, iii, 37 seq.
lament for Piran, iv, 112 referred to,iii, 39
take counsel with the advised by Tukhar, iii, 47,

host, iv, 113 52 seq.
fight and escape Iranian interview of, with Bahram,
outpost, iv, 116 iii, 47 seq.
referred to, iv, 118, 120, birth-mark of, iii, 49

126 gives his mace to Bahram,
repose themselves, iv, 121 50
iii,
corpses of, brought back eighty slaves of, the, iii, 55

by Bizhan, iv, 126, 132 their mockery of Tiis, iii,
deaths of, announced to

Afrasiyab iv, 152 their mockery of Giv, iii,
Farshidward, brother of Asfan-

diyar, 153, v, 20, 22, no, slays the steed of Tus, iii, 56
114, 141, 171 wounds the steed of Giv, iii,
governor of Khurasan, v, 77 58
stationed on the Iranian slays the steed of Bizhan,
right, v, 94 iii, 61
mortally wounded by Kuh- worsted by Bizhan, iii, 62

ram, v, 95, loi, 104 attacks the Iranians, iii, 63
Asfandiycir laments for, v, prowess of, iii, 64
loi, 104 mortally wounded, iii, 64
resolves to avenge, v, 104 dies,iii, 65
dies, V, 104 mother and slaves of,

shrouded by Asfandiyar, v, destroy themselves, iii, 66
105 burial of, iii, 68
Farshidward, a miser, 16^, vii, Kai Khusrau's gritf for, iii,
07 seq. 8 } seq., 1 12
256 GENERAL INDEX
Fariid, son of Shirin and Khusrau Firdaus: — covt.
Parwiz, ix, 39 72, 78, 80 seq, 197, 198,
Farukhzad. See Farrukhzad. 202, 250, 254, 294, 313,
Farwardi'n, genius, i, 88 iii, ; 375, 321 seq.. 326, 328
287, 328 368 ;
vii 3, 4, 6, 133, 156,
name of month and day, i, 159, 185, 186, 188, 213,
88, 133, 263 ; iii, 230, 286, 214, 217 seq., 317 ; viii,
317. 323 ; 375

vi, ; vii, 71, 73, 74, 187, 190, 192,
363 ; viii, 367, 371 193, ix, 69
origin of, iii, 286 materials for the life of, i,
Faryan, king, father-in-law of 23 seq.

Kaidrush, 759, vi, 66, 67, personal references of, in the
124 seq., 171, 172 Shahnama, i, 24 seq.
city of, taken by Sikandar, conclusions from, i, 35
vi, 124 date of birth of, i, 24
slain, vi, 125 Muhammadan of the Shi'ite
daughter and son-in-law of, sect, i, 24, 106, 107
taken prisoners, vi, 125 fond of wine, i, 25 ; iv, 313 ;
brought before Naitkun, V, 164, vi, 291, 306, 309,

vi, 126 314, 362, 369 vii, 277 ;
sentenced to death, vi, 126 owned or occupied land, i,

pardoned, vi, 126 25 ; vi, 411 ix 112 ;
Fciskun, forest in Rum, iv, 333, escape of, from drowning, i,
335 seq. 26, 29

Wolf of, 154 son of, i, 26 ; viii, 190
described, iv, 333, 336 referred to {?), i, 27 ;
Mirin bidden by Ca?sar to 277, 311

vii,
slay, iv, 333 death of, 173, i, 26 ; viii,
Gushtasp undertakes to 190

336
slay, iv, complains of old age, 160,
keeps tusks of, iv, 338 i, 26 ii, 336 ; iv, 141 ; ;
tusks of, produced before v, 262 vii, 220 ;
Caesar by Hishwi, iv, patrons, friends and helpers

351 of, i, 29 seq., 35, 39, no ;
referred to, iv, 359 ix, 121

Fatima, daughter of Muhammad exempted from taxation, i,
and wife of 'Ali, i, 12 33. 39; ix, 121

Fazl. See Abu'l 'Abbas Fazl. Nizami's account of, i, 38
Feast. See JNIihrgan, Nauruz, seq., 45
New Year's Day, Sada. later legends of, iii, 15, 109,
Ferghana. See Farghana. igi ; iv, 8
Fight of the Seven Warriors, 143, Dakiki, and. See Daki'ki.

ii, 82,
107 seq. Mahmud and. See Mah-
Firdausi, Persian poet and mud.
author of the Shahndma, Satire of. See Mahmud.
146, 134, 135, j6o, 173. Shahnama of. See Shah-
i, 3, 22 seq, ; ii, 9, 10, 82, nama.
119; iii, 1 1, 108, 271, Yusuf and Zuli'kha of, i, 45
272 ; iv, 136, 138, 314, admits Muhammadan tradi-
316; V, 10, 20 seq., 29, tions into Shdhnama,
282 ; vi, 16, 17, 64 seq., viii, 42
GENERAL INDEX ^57
Firdausi, and rhyme-word, viii, Fo-lin, vi, 73 and note
397, note Footman (pawn), piece in chess,
account of Arab conquest vii, 385
by, supplemented, ix, position 388
of, vii,
65 move 422
of, vii,
Yazdagird's death, ix, 70, promotion of, vii, 422
107 Ford and toll-house of Zark, ix,
reflections on, ix, 108, 100 and note, 116
III Fort, hill, Malcolm's descrip-
on completion of Shalinama, tion of a, i, 236
ix, 121 Fortifications vitrified vi, 79, 165
time spent on Shdhnama, Fount of Life, the, vi, 74
ix, 122 seq. ,158 seq.
praise of Sultan Mahmud- Sikandar's expedition to,
Sec Mah'iiud vi, 158 seq.
Fire, ancient cult of the Aryans, account of, in the Pseudo-
i. 7. 49, 56 Callisthcnes, vi, 74 seq.
priests of. See Magi, Sikandar fails to find, vi,
region of, ii, 56 160
Hiishang's discovery of, i, Founts, the Seven, viii, 392
123 Four, Wonders of Kaid. See
institution of the Cult of, Kaid.
i,116, 123 Faiths, vi, 91, 95
Feast of Sada,124 i, Frangrasyan (Afrasiyab, q.v.),
ordeal by, 144, ii, 218 seq. i, 338 ii, 81, 189
; ; iv,
sacred, vi, 21, 201, 212 137. 138
Fire— fane or temple, 154. See Frashokart, son of Gushtasp, v,
Azar Abadagan, Azar- 26
gashasp, Barzin.
—worship, abolition of, pro-
Frasiyav (Afrasiyab, q.v.), i,
338 ii, 8r
;
phesied, viii, 68 Fravashi, i, 369 ii, 82 iii, 286

; ;
Firiiz, Iranian king, iv, 149 Frazdanava, lake or river, v, 13

Firuzabad. See Gur. Fruba, sacred Fire, vi, 201, 255
Firuzi Kuh, pass in the Alburz Funj, leader of Khan's host,
range, ii, 28 temp. Nushirwan, vii, 330
Fish, mythological, i, 71, 72, Fur (Porus, q.v.), dynastic title
148, 252 ii, 15, 299
; iv, ; and Indian king, temp.
279; vii, 341 and note, Sikandar, i^g, vi, 31, 51,
406 viii, 212 and note
; 62, 64, 110. seq. 123, 132,
salt, the, legend of, vi, 76 135, 137. 170, 172. 175 ;
395
—eaters.
seq.
See Ichthyo-
vii,
Dara's letter to, vi, 50
phagi. Sikandar's war with, vi, 67,
Fleece, Golden. See Golden. 1 1 2 seq.
Flesh-meats, introduction of, routed by Sikandar's iron
attributed to Ahriman, steeds, vi, 116
i. i3« single combat of, with Sik-
Flight, of Muhammad, referred andar, vi, 117
to, ix, 122 slain, vi, 117
Flying-machine, of Kai Kaiis, ii, troops of, submit to Sikan-
103 dar, vi, 118
VOL. IX.
258 GENERAL INDEX
Furuliil, Iranian hero, iî, iv, Gandarep, monster, i, 143
24. 33 slain by Keresaspa, i, 172,
chosen to fight with Zan- 173
gula, iv, 97 Gang, mountain, iv, 162 v, 216 ;
slays Zangula, iv, loi Gang, sea of, ii, 362

Gang, stronghold in Tiiran and
seat of Afrasiyab, ii, 241,
261, 309, 344, 357, 369 ;
Gabriel, angel, 1, 114 ; iv, 140 ; iii, 236, 253 iv, 258 ;
vi, 138 note =

king of Afrasiyab, iv, 134
Gahan (Kahan, town above two places known as, iv, 136
Juwayn on the Farah = Gang-bihisht igo,
q.v., iv,
river which flows into 195. 197. 198, 202, 208,
the northern end of the 218, 220, 221, 229, 232
Lake of Zirih in Sistan ?)
= Gang-dizh q.v., iv, 247
149, iii, 152, 177, 224, 225 Gang-bihisht, north of the Jax-
Gahar, Turanian hero, 1^9, iii, artes, stronghold and seat
216, 224, 251 of Afrasiyab, 152, iv, 135,
comes to aid Piran, iii, 152 136, 207 seq., 228
slain by Rustam, iii, 225 Afrasiyab at, iv, 187
Gaiumart, the first Shah and marches from, iv, 190
culture-hero, and the first returns to, iv, 196
man in Zoroastrian tradi- described, iv, 195
tion, ijg, i, 90, 91, 116, prepared for a siege by
123 ; vi, 208 ;24, viii, Afrasiyab, iv, 197
5.5, 260, 269, 310, 376 besieged by Kai Khusrau,
Reign of, i, 117 seq. iv, 198, 208 seq.
Note on, i, 117 taken by storm, iv, 209 seq.
greatness of, i, 118 occupied by Kai Khusrau
culture-hero, i, 118 for a while, iv, 218
son of, i, 119 Giidarz left in command of,
slainby Black Div, i, 120 iv, 2 1 9
envied by Ahriman, i, 119 Gustaham, son of Naudar,
warned by Suriish, i, 119 left in command of, iv, 238,
grief of, the death of
for Kai Khusrau dwells for a
Siyamak, i, 120 year 254
in, iv,
bidden by Suriish to avenge Gang-dizh (Gang-i-Siyawush),
Siyamak, i, 120 stronghold, 145, 153, iv,
goes with Hiishang to fight 135, 136, 186 note, 203,
Black Div, i, 121 257, 264 ix, 25 ;
death of, i, 1 21 possible identification of, ii,
Firdausi's reflections on, i, i8g

121 meaning of, ii, 19
rites of, vii,
53 building and description of,
Faith of, vii, 273 vii, 277 ; ii,279 seq.
Galbwi, Iranian chief, ix, 74 Afrasiyab takes refuge at,
Galinush, put in charge of Khus- iv, 230
rau Parwiz, viii, 421 ix, ;
Kai Khusrau resolves to
5. II. 12 pursue Afrdsiyib to, iv,
parley of, with Kharrad and 231

Ashtcid, ix, 12 seq. niarches to, iv, 247
GENERAL ISJ)l-X 250
Gangdizh, Kai Khusrau, forbids Garshasp, frAnian noble, temp-
his troops to injure, iv, 247 Nushi'rwan, viii, i.S
enters, iv, 248 Garsiwaz, brother of Afrasiyab,
remains a year at, iv, 249 145. 150. 153. i, 92, 342.
advised by his paladins 349; ii, 3, 188, 189, 193,
to leave, iv, 249 195, 228, 231 seq., 249,
appoints a governor for, 253, 264, 268, 269, 286,
iv, 249 289 se?., 313 seq. ; iii, 197,
distributes treasure at, iv, 208, 306, 310, 350, 352 ;
250 iv, 10, 135 seq., 209 seq.,

Gang-i-Dizhukht (Baitu'l Muk- 252, 268 ; vi, 325 ; ix,
addas q.v.), i, 161, 226 103
Gang-i-Siyawush. See Gang- defeated by Siyawush, ii,
dizh. 229 seq.

Ganges, Indian river, vi, G4 sues for peace to Siyawush,
Garamik-kart. See Giranii. ii, 237 seq.
Garcha, Turanian hero, iii, 152 fails to string the bow of
comes to aid Piran, iii, 152 Siyawush, ii, 266
Garden of the Hesperides, vi, 74 visits Siyawush, ii, 289 seq.
Indians, viii,196 envies SiyiwTish, ii, 292 seq.

Gardener, a, vi, 341 challenges Siyawush, ii, 294
entertains Shapur son of slanders Siyawush, ii, 296
Urmuzd, vi, 341 seq. seq.
sent by Shapur to the high betrays Siyawush, ii, 301
priest, vi, 344 seq.
describes Shapur, vi, 344 compasses the death of
rewarded by Shapur, vi, 357 Siyawush, ii, 315 seq.
Gargwi, Iranian hero, v, log charged with the execution
commands the left, v, 109 of Farangis, ii, 322
Garib, surface-measure, vii, 215 goes to Manizha's palace,

and note iii, 301
Garshasp. See Keresaspa. finds Bizhan, iii, 302
Garshcisp, son of Zav, Shah, 142, takes Bizhan before Afra-
i, 90, 91, 174 ii, 336 ; siyab, iii, 303
Reign of, i, 373 seq. ordered to execute Bizhan,
Note on, i, 373 iii, 304
relation of, to Keresisp, i, imprison Bizhan, iii, 309
174 disgrace Manizha, iii, 309
accession of, i, 374 put in charge of the ele-
death of, i, 375 phants, iv, 156
Garshasp, Iranian hero, i, 42, reinforces Afrasiyab, iv, iSi
144, 207, 212, 214, 239, Jahn and, compel Afra-
345 ; ii, 4 iii, 260, 273
; ;
siyab to quit the field, iv,
V, 202 182
relation of, to Keresispa, i, commands the rear, iv, 191
174 ^ taken prisoner by Rustam
Garshasp, Iranian chief, tevip. at the storming of Gang-
Shapur son of Ardshir, vi, bihisht, iv, 210
297 referred to, iv, 211
single combat of, with Baz- sent to Kai Kaiis, iv, 233
^nijsh, vi, 297 imprisoned, iv, 23.5
26o GENERAL INDEX
by Kai Kaiis
Garsi'waz, sent for Gav, mother of, chess invented
and Kai Khusrau, and put to appease, vii, 421
to the torture, iv, 265 death of, vii, 423
voice of, attracts Afra- birth of, vii, 395
siy4b from lake, iv, 265 tutor of, vii, 397, 398, 401,
holds converse with Afra- 402, 407, 408, 410, 413,
siyab, iv, 266 417. 421
slain by Kai Khusrau, iv, rivalry between Talhand
269 and, vii, 397 seq.
Garsiyiin, Iranian chief, ix, 115 war between Talhand and,
Gashan, as rhyme-word, viii, vii, 404 seq.
397 note attempts of, at accommoda-

Gashasp, Iranian chief, vi, 394 tion with Talhand, vii,
addresses the nobles on the 405, 408, 413
succession to the throne, defeats Talhand, vii, 412
vi, 394 proposes a decisive battle to
Gashasp, Iranian general, temp. Talhand, vii, 414
Niishirwan, vii, 251 victory of, vii, 416
put in charge of baggage- invents chess to console his
train, vii, 251 mother for the death of
Gashasp, Iranian noble, viii, 17, Talhand, vii, 421
18 Gaza, city in south-western
Gashasp, father in ShahnAma of Palestine, vi, 30
Bahram Chiibina, viii, 76, siege of, by Alexander the
99, 162, 169, 304 Great, vi, 30
Gashasp, father of Ashtad q.v., Gazhdaham, Iranian hero and
ix, II castellan of White Castle,
Gathas, ii, 8; v, 11, 12, 17 144. i. 369 ; ii. 131. 13^.
Gaugamela, village near Nineveh, 134. 138, 139, 145. i4(> ;
vi, 31, 32 note iii, 15, 25, 33, 40, 45, 294 ;
battle of, vi, 31 iv, 13, 24, 149

Gaumata (the false Smerdis), besieged by Barman, 354 i,
Magus, 207
vi, relieved by Karan,
354 i,
usurpation, and death of, i, Suhrab described by, ii, 136

58 evacuates White Castle, ii,
overthrow of, celebrated at 137
the Magophonia, i, 59 Gedrosia (Makran, Baluchistan),
Gav, king of Hind, i6(j, vii, 395 vi, 69
seq. Gelani. See Gilan.
mother of, vii, 395 seq. Gemini, constellation, vi, 155 ;
two marriages of, vii, 395, viii, 86, 203 ix, 73 ;
396 Genealogical tables

two sons of, vii, 395, Pishdadian dynasty, i, 90,
396 91
becomes queen, vii, 397 Kaianian dynasty, ii, 3
triesto keep peace be- Sdsanian dynasty, vi, 3
tween her sons, vii, 397 Kings and heroes of TurAn,
seq. i, 92
hears of the death of Tal- Iranian heroes, ii, 4
hand, vii, 419 Genealogies, fictitious, v, 282,
reproaches Gav, vii, 420 290, 293; vi, 199, 2x1
GENERAL INDEX 261
Genealogies, of Papak in Tabari, Gil, Afrdsiyab's camp in, iv, 155

vi, 200 Ni'ishirwan's dealings with,
Mas'udi, vi, 200 vii, 216, 242 seq.
Geography, Firdausi's, ii, 28 captives from, settled at

Darmestctcr on, ii, 79, 80 Sursin, vii, 328
Geometrician, vi, 377 Gimirri. See Kimmerians.
Geopothros (Gotarzes q.v.), iii, 9 Gipsies, the, 165, vii, 6
George, Armenian general, viii, Noldekc on, vii, 6
195 language of, vii, 6
Germanus, \ii, 218 brought into frdn by Bah-
Germany, vi, 73 ram Gur, vii, 149
Gharcha (Georgia), country be- Girami (Garamik-kart), son of
tween the Caucasus and
•
the Aras, iv, 14, 65
Jamasp, 155. v, 24 seq., 58
death of, foretold by Jam-
king of, iv, 149
asp, V, 50
Gharchis (Georgians), vii, 94 worsts Namkhast, v, 59
Ghatkar, ruler of the Haitalians, rescues Kawa's v, 59
flag,
q.v., 168 vii, 334, 33.5 ;
slain, V, 59
hears of, and destroys, the
Khan's embassy to Niish- Giravgard, Turanian stronghold
on the Oxus, iii, 73, 80
330
irvvan, vii,
occupied by the Iranians,
prepares to oppose the Khan
vii, 330
iii, 78
Girduni, Sirdarra, pass in the
defeated, vii, 332
Alburz range, 28 vi,
Ghaznin, city in Afghanistan, ii, ;
the capital of Sultan 32

Mahmiid, i, 20, 257 ; iv, Sawachi, pass in the Alburz
14 v, 173 ; vii, 173
;
range, ii, 28
Ghee, clarified butter, vi, 105 Girdkuh, fortress, v, 30
Ghiil, a sorceress, i, 42 ; v, 117, Girih (Jirrah), place south of
128 Shiraz, vi, 199
referred to, v, 121 Giv, Iranian hero, son of Gudarz,
described, v, 130 and father of Bizhan, 146-
slain by Asfandiyar, v, 131 I5I' 154. ii. 4. 25, 33. 35.
Ghundi, a div, ii, 44, 54, 55, 38, 62, 70, 73, 85, 91, 127.
93 ; iii, 256 ; iv, 296 ; 138 seq., 148, 151, 158,
V, 204 160, 188, 193, 197. 271,
Ghiir, district in Afghanistan 318, 319, 338, 340. 349,
between Harat and Ghaz- 351. 362, 388 seq. : iii, 11,
nin, ii, loi 13, 18, 19, 27, 33, 45. 48,
Ghuz, a Turkish tribe and desert seq. 57. 67. 75. 7^, 81, 85,
east of Gurgan, iv, 60 86, 89 seq., 96, loi seq.,
Gil, Gilan, district on the south- 108, III, 114 seq., 121 seq.,
west coast of the Caspian, 127, 129, 130, 133. 139
167. i, 230, 231 ; ii, 226, seq., 143, 154. 155. 157.
293 ; iv, 148, 265 ; V, 13 ; 159, 161, 169, 170, 182,
vi, 227 ; vii, 224, 340, 183, 187, 206, 211. 227,
362, ix, 93 231, 238, 244, 245, 247,
river of =
KiziI Uzun, also 248, 253, 255, 259, 264,
called Safid Rud, iv, 154 268, 273, 289, 291, 292,
waters of =Caspian, i, 230 294, 296 seq., 302, 305,
262 GENERAL INDEX
Gi'v — cont. Giv, tells how he captured
307 seq., 311 scq., ô seq., Piran's wife and sister, ii,
337 seq., 350, 353 seq. ; 383

iv, 7, 8, II, 13, 15, 16, 19 overthrows Piran and his
seq., 26 39 seq., se^., 52, hobt, ii, 385
54. 56, 59, 69, 82 5^^., 90, releases Piran, ii, 387
99, 102, 136, 147, 157, 223, at the Jihun, ii, 391 seq.
2 26, 2-27, 233 5^(7., 292, announces Kai Khusrau 's
296, 306 seq. : V, 207, arrival in Iran, ii, 304
208 ;194 viii, 168
vi, ;
accompanies Kai Khusrau
meaning of, ii, 335 to Ispahan, ii, 396
historical character, iii, 9 rewarded by Kai Kaus, ii,
relationship of, to Rustam, 399
ii. 155, 365. 384 iii. 323 ; goes on an embassy to Tus, ii
son of Gudarz, 158 ii, 400
wife of, ii, 365, 384 iii, 323 ; bears Ivai Khusrau 's letter
sister of, ii, 384 iii, 323 ; to the castle of Bahnian,
father of Bizhan, ii, 366 ii, 408
and note undertakes to slay Tazhav,

solicitude of, for Bizhan, iii, 28
iii, 15 burn the barricade at the
harries Mazandaran, ii, 39 Kasa riid, iii, 29
taken prisoner in Mazan- horse of, wounded by Farud,
daran, ii, 40 iii,
58^
released by Rustam, ii, 58 lends Bizhan the mail of
taken prisoner in Hama- Siyawush, iii, 60, 69
varan, ii, 90 sees Palashan approaching,
released by Rustam, ii, 97 iii, 69
goes in search of Kai Kaiis, burns the barricade at the

ii, 104 Kasa rud, iii, 73
takes part in the Fight of parleys with Tazhav, iii, 75
the Seven Warriors, ii, rouses the Iranians, iii, 81
107 seq. rallies the host, iii, 91
bears letter from Kaiis to many kindred of, slain, iii, 94
Rustam, ii, 139 urges Bahram not to return
encampment of, described, to the battlefield, iii, 96
ii, 155 goes in quest of Bahram, iii,
helps to saddle Rakhsh for 102

the fight with Suhrab, ii, takes Tazhav captive, iii,
160 102
Suhrab described by, ii, 166 buries Bahram, iii, 104
quarrels with Tiis over the made adviser to Tus, iii, 116
future mother of Siya- interrupts Tus' parley with
wush, iii, 194 Ilunian, iii, 122
sent by Ot'idarz to seek Kai raids Ivhutan, iii, 247
Khusrau, ii, 364 seq. steed of, iii, 257
finds Kai Khusrau, ii, 370 worsted by Pulddwand, iii,
receives mail of Siy4-

the 258
wush, ii, 377 interferes in the fight
exploits of, in defence of between Rustam and
Kai Khusrau, ii, 378 seq. Puladwand, iii, 263
GENERAL INDEX 263
i\\v, opposes Bfzhan's expedi- Giv, takes Gurwi prisoner, iv, 100
tion to Irnian, iii, 291 opposes Bfzhan's going to
qiR'stions tiurgin about Bi- help Gustahani, iv, iig
zlian, iii, 31 1 consents to Bfzhan's going
wrotli with t'lurfîii, iii, 314 to help Ciustaham, iv, 120
appeals to Kai Khiisrau, iii, brings Gurwf before Kai
315 Khusrau, iv, 127
comforted by Kai Khusrau, given a command, iv, 149
iii, 315, 318 commands the real, iv, 191
sent to summon Riistam, takes part in the siege of
iii, 319 Gang-bihisht, iv, 199
met by Zal, iii, 321 goes with the captives to
tells Rus-
liizhan's case to Kai Kaus, iv, 233
tam, iii, 322 gives Kai Kaiis tidings of
announces Rustam's ap- Kai Khusrau, iv, 234
proach to Kai Khusrau, rewarded by Ivai Kaus, iv,
iii, 326 236
goes to welcome Rustam, returns to Gang-bihisht
iii. 353 with letter for K.ai Khus-
holds parley with Piran, rau, iv, 238
iv, 20 made governor of the coun-
overtures of, rejected and try between the sea and
returns to Gudarz, iv, 21 Gang-dizh, iv, 246
commands the rear, iv, 24 welcomes Kai Khusrau on
referred to, iv, 39 his return from Gang-
tries to stop Bi'zhan from dizh, iv, 250
fighting Human, iv, 40, 43 rewarded by Kai Khusrau,
over-ruled by Gudarz, iv, iv, 252
43 Gudarz and, meet Hum, iv,
refuses to lend Bizhan 263
the mail of Siyawush, iv, hear of Hum's adventure
43 with Afrasiyab, iv, 263
repents of his refusal, iv, Kai Khusrau remonstrated
44 with by, and other nobles
son of = Bizhan, iv, 76 for refusing audience, iv,
ordered to dispatch troops 275
to oppose Lahhak and sent by Gudarz to summon
Farshidward, iv, 82 Zal and Rustam, iv, 278
sends Zanga and Gurgin, iv, bidden with other chiefs by
83 Kai Ivhusrau to make an
leaves Farhad in command assembly on the plain, iv,
and attacks with Bizhan 291 seq.
Piran 's centre, iv, 83 Kai Khusrau 's gift to, iv,
defeats Ruin, iv, 84 295
fights with Piran, iv, 84 receives grant of Kum and
attacked by Lahhak and Ispahan, iv, 298
Farshidward, iv, 85 sets out with Kai Khusrau
superseded pro tern, by on his pilgrimage, iv, 306
Shidush, iv, 92 refuses to turn back when
chosen to fight with Gurwf, bidden by Kai Khusrau,
iv, 97 iv, 307
264 GENERAL INDEX
Giv, Kai Khusrau farewells Gotarzes, war of, with Vardanes,
and warns, and his com- iii, 10, II
rades, iv, 308 Meherdates, iii, 10 seq.
disappears and is sought character of, in history,
in vain by, and his iii, 10
comrades, iv, 308 Grace or Glory, the divine, i,

end of, iv, 309 113, 114, 116, 123, 130
grief of Gudarz for, iv, 310, seq., and passim
account of, i, 82
Givgan, Iranian hero, ii, 109, visible appearances of, i, 82,
155 iii. 34
; Jv, 24 ; 130, 374. 385 ; vi, 221
Gloom, the (Land of Darkness), seq.
160, V, 30 vi, 79 ; Granicus, river in Asia Minor
conception of, vi, 73 flowing into the Propon-
visited by Asfandiyar, v, 76 tis (Sea of Marmara), vi,
Sikandar's expedition to, 30
vi, 74 seq. battle of the, vi, 30, 31
account of, in the Pseudo- Grapes, bunch of, Kubad and
Callisthenes, vi, 74 seq. the, vii, 183 note
Sikandar hears of, vi, 158 Greece, vi, 30
enters, vi, 159 seq. Greed and Need, personification
emerges from, vi, 162 146
of, vi, vii, 71, 205,
;
jewels of, vi, 162 '206, 368, 369

Glory, the divine. See Grace. Greek, Greeks, i, 10 v, 282 ; ;
Glove, The, Browning's poem vi, 82

of, referred to, vi, 384 relations of, with the Iran-
note ians, i, 14
Go-between, old woman as, i, history and legend in rela-
280 seq. tion to Persian dto, ii, 9
Gog and Magog (Yajiij and conception of India, vi, 68
Majuj, q.v.), the barbarous captives, mutilation of, by
nomads of northern Asia, the Persians, vi, 373
i, 16 ; vi, 78 philosophers entertained by
Golden, Age, 129, 134i, Nushirwan, vii, 280
boot, iv, 34, 180, 243, 282, Green, Prophet, the. See Al
300. 359 Khidr.
Fleece, land of the, i, 57 sea, the, vi, 174 note, viii,
Gomer. See Kimmerians. 46 and note

Good Thoughts, Words, and Gretna Green, vi, 323 note
Deeds, Zoroastrian for- Griffon, fabulous bird, i, 23=5 and
mula, i6(), vii, 317, 318 Hole
symbolised in the game of Gudarz, son of Kishwad, Iranian

nard, vii, 381 hero, and father of Giv, a
Gordyene, kingdom, south of reminiscence of the Par-
Armenia, vi, 198 thian king Gotarzes, q.v.,
Gotarzes, Parthian king and 146. 148, 151-153. i. 4^ ;
Iranian hero (Gudarz, ii, 33. 35. 3«. 62, 70.

4.
q.v.), iii 109 73, 83, 91, 1^7. 138, 142.

memorial tablet of, iii, 9 157. 178. 193. 250,
177.
Geopothros, iii, 9 286, 316, 318, 335,
290,
coin of, iii, 9 338, 340. 349, 371 i'^?-. 384,
GENERAL INDEX 265
Gudarz — cont. Gudarz, sends Gi'v to seek for
388, 394, 406 ; iii, 8, II, Kai Khusrau, ii, 364
15, 18, 19. 24, 28, 33, 38, hears of Kai Khusrau's
40, 43 seq., 50, 51, 67, 81 arrival in fran, ii, 3<)3
seq., 85, 88 seq., 100, iii, welcomes Kai Khusrau and

112, 115, 117, 118, 120, Giv, ii, 396
123, 126, 127, 129 seq., accompanies them to Is-
134. 136, 137. 139. 143. taklir, ii, 31)1)
145, 149 seq., 154 seq., dispute of, witli Ti'is, ii, 400
164, 169, 172, 177, 1S7. seq.
205, 206, 211 seq., 220, goes with Kai Kliusrau to
225, 232, 236, 246, 253, the castle of Bahman, ii,
254. 255, 258, 264, 268, 407
273. 277, 289, 298, 302, advises Tus to avoid
305, 308, 322, 327, 329 Kalat, iii, 41
seq-, 337 seq., 354, 337 supersedes Tus, iii, 83
iv. 7. 13. 79, 80, 85, 88 informs Kai Khusrau about
seq., 102, 103, 106 seq., Farud and the defeat of
113 seq., 136, 145 seq., the Iranians, iii, 83
149, 157, 162, 171, 180, sends Bizhan for Kawa's
igi, 206, 226, 227, 292, standard, iii, 92
299 ; V, 207, 208 ; vi, Iranian watchman and, iii,
194 viii, 104, 168
; ix, ; 136 seq.
23 meets Fariburz, iii, 163
taken prisoner in Mazan- Rustam, iii, 171
daran, ii, 40 warns Rustam not to trust
released by Kustam, ii, 58 Firan, iii, 212
leceives Ispahan from Kai sends Ruhham to help Rus-
Kaiis, ii, 78 tam, iii, 227
taken prisoner in Hama- praises Rustam, iii, 248
varan, ii, 90 steed of, iii, 313
released by Rustam, ii, 97 goes to welcome Rustam,
censures Kai Kids, ii, 105 iii, 353
takes part in the Fight of sent to invade Tiiran by Kai

the Seven Warriors, ii, 107 Khusrau, iv, 13
mediates between Kai Kaiis ordered to negotiate with
and Rustam, ii, 144 seq. Piran, iv, 13
encampment of, described, negotiations failing, marches
ii, 153 from Raibad to meet
sons and grandsons of, ii, Piran, iv, 22
158 iii, 33; ix, 25 ; arrays his host, iv, 24
loss of, iii, 83 note, 94, gives the right wing to
131 iv, 310, 312
; Faribur;:, iv, 24
survivors of, iv, 298 baggage to Hajir, iv, 24
consoles Siyawush for his left wing to Ruhham, iv,
mother's death, ii, 199 24
appointed ruler of Su^hd rear to Giv, iv, 24
and Sipanjab, ii, 3.58 posts a watchman on the
returns to fran, ii, 3O2 mountain-top, 23 iv,
sees Suriish in a dream, ii, takes his station at the cen-
363 tre, iv, 24
2G6 GENERAL INDEX
Gudarz, counsels Bizhan as to Gudarz, slays Piran, iv, 109
his fight with Human, drinks Piran's blood, iv, 109
iv, 41 sends Ruiiham to fetch
over-rules Giv's objections, Piran's corpse, iv, no
iv, ^^ harangues the host, iv, no
rewards Bizhan, iv, 52 resumes his command, iv,
prepares to resist a night- III
attack, iv, 53 calls for volunteers to pursue
gives a force to Bizhan, iv, Lahhak and Farsh'dward
54 iv, 116
joins battle with Piran, sends Gustaham, iv, 117
iv, 55 Bizhan to help Gustaham,
writes to Kai Khusrau, iv, iv, 119
56 comes before Kai Khusrau
sends Hajir with the letter, with the other champions,
iv, 57 iv, 126
receives Kai Khusrau 's receives Ispahan, iv, 129
reply, iv, 62 commands the left wing, iv,
prepares to renew the fight, 147
iv, 63 takes part in the assault on
receivesRuin with a letter Gang-bihisht, iv, 208
from Piran, iv, 67 left in command at Gang-
entertains Ruin, iv, 68 bihisht, iv, 219
dismisses Riiin with pre- Giv and, meet Hum, iv, 263
sents and the reply to hear of Hum's adventure
Piran 's letter, iv, 74 with Afrasiyab, iv, 263
prepares for the flank-attack gives Kai Khusrau and Kai
of Lahhak and Farshid- Kaus tidings of Afrasiyab,
ward, iv, 82 iv, 264
sends Hajir with orders to Kai Khusrau remonstrated
Gfv, iv, 82 with by, and other nobles
harangues the host, iv, 89 for refusing audience, iv,
resolves to fight in person, 275
iv, 90, 92, 96 takes counsel with other
gives the left wing to Far- nobles, iv, 277
had, iv, 92 sends Giv to summon Zal
right wing to Katmara, iv, and Rustam, iv, 278
goes with other chiefs to
rear to Shidush, iv, 92 meet Zal and Rustam, iv,
chief command to Gusta- 282
ham, iv, 92 audience of, with Kai Khus-
instructs Gustaham,92 iv, rau, iv, 283 seq.
holds a parley with Piran holds, witli other chiefs, at
and arranges with him the the bidding of Kai Khus-
Battle of the Eleven rau, an assembly on the
Rukhs, iv, 95 seq. ])lain, iv, 291 seq.
slays Piran's steed, iv, 107 Kai Khusrau 's charge to, iv,
pursues Piran, iv, 108 294
calls on Piran to surrender, gift to, iv, 295
iv, 108 asks Kai Kiiusrau for a
Piran wounds, iv, 108 patent for Ciiv, iv, 298
GENERAL INDEX 267
Giklarz, goes with Kai Khiisrau Gund-i-ShApur (Shdpur Gird, Rds
on his jiilgriinago, iv, 30O Shai)i'ir, Kand-i-Slu'ipiir,
turns liatk at the bidding Jund-i-Shapi'ir), city in
Kai Khusrau, iv, 307
t)[ Khuzistan, north-west of
laments tiie loss of the pala- Shuslitar and now rrpre-
dins, iv, 310, 312 sentcd by the ruins of
returns to frin, iv, 310 Shahdbad, vi, 295 ; vii,
promises fealty to Luhrdsp, 219, 276

iv, 312 built for Roman captives,
grantlsons of, go with Zarir 295
vi,
to lûm, iv, 360 Mani-gate of, vi, 327
hail Gushtasp as Shdh, iv, Niishzad imprisoned at,
362 vii, 264 and note
Gudarz, Ashkdnian king, vi, 197, Gur (Jur, Zur, Firiizabad), city
210 in Pars, south of Shiraz,
Gudarzians, descendants of vi, 199, 205, 229 note, 230,
CU'idarz son of Kishwad, 245
iii, 108, 115, 200, 214 Giir, nickname of Bahram son of
Gular, place, vi, 206 Yazdagird, vii, 6
Gulgiin (bright-bay), steed of Noldeke on, vii, 6
Gudarz, iii, 366 Giiran, king of Kirman, iv,
steed of Luhrasp, v, 64 146
steed of Bahram Giir, vii, 57 Guraz (Shahrbaraz, Farayin
Gulshahr, wife of Piran, ii, 269, q.v.), general of Khusrau
276. 2S8, 387, 390 Parwiz and Shah, 1^4,
prepares Jarira's wedding I'PS, viii, 194, 408, 409
outfit, ii, 270 seq. ; 44 ix,
presents gifts to Farangis, conspires with Farrukhzad,
ii. 275 viii 408
announces the birth of Kai invites Caesar to take fran,
Khusrau to Piran, ii, 326 viii, 408
referred to, ii, 3S3 rebels, viii, 411 ix, 45 ;
Gulzaryiin, river in Turkistan letters of, ix, 45, 46

(Jaxartes), ii, 358, 381 ; letter of Piruz to, ix, 47
iv, 187, i8g, 190, 218, 219; account of, ix,50
vii, 329, 340, 360 meaning of, ix,50
Gulndr, slave-girl of Ardawan, dual personality of, ix,
vi, 217 50
meaning 217 note
of, vi, marches on Taisafun, ix,
intrigue with Ardshir
of, 51
PapakAn, vi, 217 seq. confers with Iranian mag-
reports the presage of the nates, ix, 51
astrologers to Ardshir misrule of, ix, 53
Papakan, vi, 219 conspiracy against, ix, 54
fiees with Ardshir Papakan goes hunting, ix, 55
to Pars, vi, 220 end of, ix, 55
Gumbadan, mount and strong- Guriz, son of Mahwi,
hold, V, 29, 86, 152, 171, referred to, ix, 107, 115
177, 206 ; ix, 93 governor of Marv, ix, 120
situation of, v, 30 put to death with his sons,
Asfaiuliyar warded at, v, 84 ix, 120
268 GENERAL INDEX
Gurdza, Iranian hero, iî, ii, Gurdwi, fights with Bahram Chu-
73, 340 ; iii, 20, 25, 34, 45, bina, viii, 294
48, 92, 129, 141. -253 iv, ;
receives province, viii, 313
15. 24, 34 informs Khusrau Parwiz of
takes king of Barbar prison- Gurdya's doings, viii, 356
er, ii, 97 writes to, and sends Khus-
takes part in the Fight of the rau Parwiz' letter to,
Seven Warriors, ii, 107 Gurdya, viii, 360
seq. wife of, goes with letters to
encampment of, described, Clurdya, viii, 360
ii. 155 hears of the plight of Kai
goes witli Rustam to rescue and informs Gurdya, viii,
Bizhan, 334 iii, 367
fights with Farshidward, iv, Gurdya, sister of Bahram Chu-
87 bina, 171, 173, 174, ii,
chosen to fight with Siya- 119; viii, 74, 104 note,

mak, iv, 97 187, 191, 347, seq., 358
slays Siyamak, iv, 100 365 ;
6 ix,
Gurazm (Kavarazem), a relative a legitimist, viii, 74
of Gushtasp, 155, V, 12, present at council, viii, 164
22, 53, 99, loi, 102, 104 speech of, viii, 165, 167,
seq., 171, 205, 261 171
envies Asfandiyar, v, 78 referred to, viii, 221
death of, referred to, v, 97 counsels Bahram Chiil)ina,
Asfandiyar addresses the viii, 221
corpse of, v, 105 laments Bahram Chubina,

Gurdafrid, daughter of Gazhda- viii, 340
ham, 14-f, ii, 119, 138 resident at Marv, viii, 346

referred to, ii, 131 seq.
encounter of, with Suhrab, informs her followers of the
ii, 132 seq. Khan's offer of marriage,
beguiles Suhrab, ii, 133 seq. viii, 349
Gurdgir, son of Afrasiyab, ii, starts for fran,

viii, 351
92 parleys with Tuwurg, viii,

commands the troops from 352 ... ,
Tartary, Khallukh, and arrives at Amwi, viu, 354

Balkh, iv, 156 doings of reported to 1-Chus-
Gurdwi, brother of Bahram rau Parwiz, viii, 356, 358

Chubina, lys, 174, viii, met by Gustaham, viii, 356
74, 205, 206,
202, 231, asked in marriage by Gusta-
293. 295, 296, 298, 342, ham, vhi, 357
349. 354. 358 ix, 6 ;
receives letters from Khus-
a legitimist, viii, 74 rau Parwiz and Gurdwi,
Gustaham and, persuade viii, 360
Khusrau Parwiz not to plots murder of Gustaham,
make a night-attack, viii, viii, 360
224 justifies murder of Gusta-
takes charge of baggage, ham, viii, 361
viii, 228 reports death of Gustaham
Bahram Chubina writes to, to Khusrau Parwiz, viii,
viii, 285 361
GENERAL IXDICX 2<ig
Gurdya, dresses up as a warrior Gurgin, goes with Bizhan in

to please Khusrau Parvviz, quest of Manizha, iii, 296
viii, 363 searches for Bizhan, iii, 310
prowess of, in drinking, finds Bizhan's steed, iii, 311
viii, 364 questioned by Giv about
appointed overseer of royal Bizhan, iii, 312
bower, viii, 364 false account of, about Biz-
diverts Khusrau Parwiz and han's disappearance, iii,
saves Rai, viii, 368 313
Gurgdn (Hyrcania), province Giv's wrath with, iii, 314
watered by the Atrak and appears before Kai Khusrau,
Gurgan rivers on the iii, 316
south-eastern shores of imprisoned, iii, 317

the Caspian, 168, iv, 61 ; appeals to Rustam, iii, 331
vi, 373 ; vii, 89, 237, 337, released, iii, 333
338, 357. 358, 361 ; viii, goes with Rustam to rescue
15. 3.55 ; ix, 8y Bizhan, iii, 334
Abu'l Kisim of. See Abii'l pardoned by Bizhan, iii, 346
Kasim. opposes Lahhak, iv, 83
Gurganj, one of the two capitals chosen to fight Andariman,
of Kharazm (Kat (Kath) iv, 97
being the other), situated slaysAndariman, iv, 104
on the Persian side of the Kai Khusrau remonstrated
Oxus, iv, 60 with by, and other nobles
Gurgin, son of Milad, Iranian for refusing audience, iv,
hero, 150. 151, ii, 33, 35, 283 seq.
62, 70, 73, 85, 90, 127, audience of, with Kai Khus-
138, 144,316, 340. 394; iii. rau, iv, 283 seq.
II, 12, 19, 20, 25, 48, 108, Gurgsar, tribe, v, 43 and note
115, 126, 145, 182, 211, Gurgsar, Turanian hero, Jj6, v,
253, 264, 268. 273, 285, 117, 131 seq., 146, 233
289, 292, 294 seq., 300, note
305, 310 seq., 322, 323, made captain of the host by
331 seq., 345, 346, 352 ; Arjasp, V, 46
iv, 13, 15, 21, 24, 147, given command of one wing,
191, 292 viii, 72, 211, 216
; V, 56
takes part in the Fight of persuades Arjasp to remain
the Seven Warriors, ii, and fight Asfandiyar, v,
107 seq. 108, 109
undertakes embassage to made leader of the host, v,
Afrasiyab, iii, 29 109
goes with letter from Kai taken prisoner by Asfandi-
Khusrau to Rustam, iii, yar, V, I I I
^74 offers toguide Asfandiyar to

accompanies Bizhan to Ir- the Brazen Hold, v, 113
m4n, 292
iii, goes as guide with Asfandi-
refuses to help Bizhan yar to Ti'iran, v, 120
against the wild boars, offered the kingdom of the
iii, 293 Turkmans by Asfandiyar
envies and beguiles Bizhan, in return for faithful ser-
iii, 294 vice, V, 120
270 GENERAL INDEX
Gurgsar, describes the route to Gushasp, noncc-namc assume I
the Brazen Hold, and the by Bahram Giir, \ii, 59

Seven Stages, v, 120 seq., seq.
124 seq., 128, 132, 134 Gushasp, nonce-name assumed
chagrin of, at Asfandiyar's by Bahram (jiir, vii, 59
successes, v, 124, 128, seq.
131. 133 Gush-bistar, a savage, vi, 80, 177
reproached by Asfandiyar meaning of, vi, 177 note
for giving false informa- interview of, with Sikandar,
tion, V, 139, 140 vi, 177
offered the captainship of Gushtasp (Vistaspa, Vishtasp,
the Brazen Hold by Hystaspe?'), son of Luh-
Asfandiyar in return for rasp, father of Asfandi-
trusty guidance, v, 140 yar, and Sh^h, 154-1^7,
shows the Iranians a ford, i, 42, 61 ii, 3, 9; iii, ;
140
v, 109; iv, 334
314 seq,
questioned by Asfandiyar seq., V, 24 seq., 61, 68, go,
for the last time, v, 141 92 seq., 103 seq., 119, 130,
curses Asfandiyar, v, 141 148, 154. 155, 159, 166
slain by Asfandiyar, v, 141 seq., 180, 181, 183, 205,
Giirkan (Juzjan), city and dis- 206, 208 seq., 213, 216,
trict between Marvrud 220, 221, 233
note, 243,
and Balkh, iv, 65 248 seq., 289, 293
281, ;
Gurkils, tribe 15
(?), viii, vi, 20, 49, 55, 200, 213,
Gurukhan, Iranian hero, iv, 149 251, 252, 258 ; vii, 359 ;
Gurwi, Turanian hero, 145, 151, viii, 41, 68, 95, 148, 213,
152, ii, 296, 314, 319, 338, 270, 392, 393 ix, 25 ;
340 ; iii,197, 199, 237 ; son of Luhrasp, iv, 318

iv, 7, 99, III, 252 ; v, jealousy of, respecting the
272 grandsons of Kai Kaiis,
challenees and is overthrown iv. 318
by Siyawush, 295 ii, asks Luhrasp to appoint him
advocates the execution of heir to the crown, iv, 318
Siyawush, ii, 317 departs in wrath for Hind,
carries out the execution of iv, 319
Siyawush, ii, 320 arrives at Kabul, iv, 320
chosen to fight with Giv, iv, overtaken by Zarir, iv, 320
97 takes counsel with the
taken prisoner by Giv, iv, chiefs, iv, 321
100 returns to Luhrasp, iv, 322
brought by Giv before Kai pardoned by Luhrasp, iv,32 2
Khusrau, iv, 127 determines to quit Iran, iv,
executed, iv, 129 3-^3
Gurzban, vi, 394. See Gurkan. takes a steed of Luhrasp's,
Gushasp, sacred Fire, vi, 201 iv, 323
Gushasp, chief scribe, temp. story of, in Rum, ii, 10 ;
Bahram Gi'ir, vii, 11 iii, 285 iv, 324 seq.

;
bidden to remit the arrears interview of with Hishwi,

of taxes, vii, 1 1 iv, 324
'The Hystaspes of legend not necessarily the father of Darius I. Sic Vol. iv,
P 314 seq-
CliSERAL l.MJliX 2 71
GushtAsp, vainly seeks work in Gushtasp, welcomed by Hishwi

Rum as a scribe, iv, 325 and Ahran on his return,
herdsman, iv, 326 iv, 347
camel-driver, iv, 326 accepts gifts from Ahran
blacksmith, iv, 327 and bestows part upon
dreamed of by Katayiin, iv, Hishwi, iv, 347
returns to Katayun, iv, 348
goes to Caesar's palace, iv, goes to the sports on
330 Csesar's riding-ground, iv,
chosen for her husband by 349
Katayun, iv, 330 prowess of, at polo and
marries Katayun, iv, 331 archery, iv, 350
spends his time in the chase, questioned by Ca;sar, iv, 350
iv, 33^ reproaches Caesar for his
makes friends with Hi'shwi, treatment of Katayun, iv,
iv, 332 and note 350
asked by Hishwi to under- claim of, to have slain the
take the adventure of the wolf and the dragon, iv,
wolf of Faskun, iv, 335 351
undertakes to slay the wolf confirmed by Hishwi, iv,
of Faskun, iv, 336 351
provided with steed and reconciled to Caesar, iv, 351
arms by Mirin, iv, 336 goes to court and is received
goes with Mirin and Hishwi witli honour by Ctcsar,
to the forest of Faskun, iv,351
iv, 337 consulted about Ilyas by
prays for help, iv, 337 Ca;sar, iv, 353
gives thanks for his victory, leads forth the host, iv, 354
iv, 338 refuses the overtures of
•
takes the wolf's tusks, iv, Ilyas, iv, 354

338 brings the body of Ilyas to
•welcomed by Hishwi and Caesar, iv, 356
Mirin on his return, iv, routs the host of Ilyas, iv,
339 356
discovers to Katayun his returns in triumph to Caesar,
royal race, iv, 340 iv, 356
referred to, iv, 343 seq. recognised by Zarir, iv, 360
asked by Hishwi to under- goes to Zarir's camp, iv, 361
take the adventure of the hears of Luhrasp's abdi-
dragon of Mount Sakila, cation in his favour, iv,
iv, 31.5 362
bids A bran provide a steed, saluted as Shah by the
sword, and other arms, chiefs, iv, 362
iv, 345 invites Caesar to a feast, iv,
goes with Ahran and Hish- 362
wi to Mount Sakila, iv, sets out for Tran with Kata-
346 yun, iv, 364
takes two of the dragon's parts good will from
in
teeth, iv, 346 364
Caesar, iv,
gives thanks for his victory, welcomed and crowned by
iv. 347 Luhrisp, iv, 36^
272 GENERAL INDEX
Gushtasp, Reiga of, 154, v, 9 seq. Gusht'jsp, takes up his position
Notes on, v, g seq., 116 seq., on a height, v, 55, 56, 63
166 seq., 260 seq. referred to, v, 60, 64 seq.,
division of, v, 9 89
points of interest in, v, 9 hears of the death of Zari'r,
compared with that of V, 64
Darius Hystaspis, v, 10 wishes to avenge Zan'r, v,
diagram to illustrate, v.ay 64, 68
legend of Zarduhsht and, v, dissuaded by Jamasp, v, 64,
18 69
black horse of, v, 18, 28 offers his daughter Humai
sees his place in Paradise, v, to the avenger of Zarir,
19 V, 64
Ridge of, V, 29 crown and throne to the
succeeds Luhrasp as Shah, avenger of Zarir, v, 66
gives his steed and arms to
sons of, V, 32 Nastur, v, 69
pays yearly tribute to Ar- seesand laments over Zarir's
jasp, V, 32 corpse, V, 73
converted by Zarduhsht, v, bids Nastur lead the host
33 home, V, 74
helps to spread the Faith, marries J-Iumai to Asfandi-
V. 34 yar, v, 74
establishes Mihr Barzin and gives Nastur a command
other Fire-fanes, v, 34 and bids him
invade
conversion of, recorded on Turan, v, 74
Cypress of Kishmar, v, 34 rewards the host, v, 75
advised by Zarduhsht not builds a Fire-fane and makes
to pay tribute to Arjasp, Jamasp its arch mage, v,
V, 35 75
receives embassage from Mansion of, v, 75
Arj4sp and takes counsel writes to his governors to
with his chiefs, v, 41 announce the defeat of
sends answer to Arjasp, v, 43 Arjasp, V, 75
summons the host, v, 47 receives embassies and tri-
marches against Arjasp, v, bute from Caesar and from
48 the kings of Barbaristan,
bids Jamasp foretell the Hind, and Sind, v, 75
issue of the fight, v, 48 makes Asfandiyar chief
distress of, at Jamasp's ruler of Iran and sends
proi)hecy, v, 53 him to convert the world,
encouraged to fight by V, 76
Jamasp, v, 54 sends the Zandavasta to
gives Zarir the standard and each clime, v, 77
the command of the cen- Gurazm slanders Asfandiyar
tre, V, 55 to, v,78
one wing to As!"andiyar, sends Jamisp I0 recall As-
V, 55 fandiyar to court, V, 80
other winsj to Shidasp, v, convokes an assembly and
55 arraigns Asfandiyar, v,
the rear to Nastur, v, 55 82 seq.
GENERAL INDEX 273
Gushtasp, puts Asfandiyar in Gusht4sp, Asfandiyar recounts
bonds, V, 84 his deeds to, v, 170 seq.
sends Asfandiyar to Gum- promises to resign the throne
badan, v, 84 to Asfandiyar when he
takes the Zandavasta to has brought Rustam and
Si'stan, V, 85 his kin in bonds to court,
welcomed by Rustam and V. 173, 174
Zal, V, 85 Asfandiyar sends the corpses
kings revolt from, v, 85 of Niish Azar and Mihr-i-
while in Sistin hears from Niish, and a message to,
his wife of the sack of V, 232
Balkh and the captivity Asfandiyar's last message to,
of his daughters, v, 93 V, 249
calls together his chiefs and hears of Asfandiyar's death
summons the host, v, 94 and laments for him, v,
marches from Sistan toward 252
Balkh, V, 94 wrath of the nobles with, v,
takes command of the cen- 252
tre, V, 94 reproached by Bishutan, v,
thirty-eight sons of, slain, 253
and defeat of, in fight Humai and Bih Afrid, v,
with Arjasp, v, 95, 96 254
takes refuge on a mountain, Rustam's overtures to, v,
V, 96, lOO 256
consults Jamasp, v, 96 Bishutan testifies in Rus-
sends Jamasp to Asfandiyar tam's favour to, v, 257
with the offer of the crown reconciled,and writes, to
in return for help, v, Rustam, v, 257
97 advised by Jamasp to write
interview of, with, and pro- to Bahman, v, 258
mise to resign the crown writes to Rustam and Bah-
to, Asfandiyar, v, 106 man to recall the latter,
commands the centre, v, 109 V, 258
makes thanksgiving for vic- welcomes and gives Bahman
tory, V, 113 the name Ardshir, v, 259
promises to resign the crown tells Jamasp of his wishes
to Asfandiyar when he as to the succession, v, 279
has delivered his sisters dies, V, 280
from captivity, v, 114 Gustaham, son of Naudar and
summons troops, rewards brother of Tus, i, 90 ii, ;
Asfandiyar, and sends 127, 336 iv, 194;
him to invade Tiirdn, v, Tus and, sent by Naudar

115 to conduct the Persian
hears of Asfandiydr's suc- women to Alburz, i, 351,
cess and writes to him, v, 353
160 hear of Naudar's death, i,
gives a banquet on Asfan- 364
diyar 's return, v, 164 passed over in the suc-
consults Jamasp and the cession, i, 369, 370
astrologers on Asfandi- Kai Khusrau sends troops
yar's future, v, 168 to succour, iv, 157
VOL, IX. S
274 GENERAL INDEX
Gustaham, son of Naudar, at- Gustaham, son of Gazhdaham,
tacks the Turanians, iv, 178 rescued by
Bizhan, iv,
sent to Chach with troops, 124 seq.
iv, 188 healed by Kai Khusrau, iv,
reports his defeat of Khur- 133
akhan, iv, 193 Kai Khusrau remonstrated
takes part in the assault on with by, and other nobles
Gang-bihisht, iv, 208 for refusing audience, iv,
left in command of Gang- 275
bihisht, iv, 238 audience of, with Kai Khus-
goes to welcome Kai Khus- rau, iv, 283 seq.
rau on his return from Kai Khusrau's gifts to, iv,
Gang-dizh, iv, 252 295
left behind as viceroy on Kai sets out with Kai Khusrau
Khusrau's return to Iran, on his pilgrimage, iv, 306
iv. 254 refuses to turn back when
Gustaham, son of Gazhdaham,' bidden by Kai Khusrau,
Iranian hero, 152, i, 369 ; iv, 307
ii,12, 58, 107; iii, 19, 25, Kai Khusrau farewells and
33. 45. 48. 59, 92, 93. 127, warns, and his comrades,
129. 139, 141. 211, 247, 308
iv,
248, 253, 273, 289, 294, disappears and is sought
322, 350; iv, 7, 13, 15, in vain by, and his
24. 33. 93, 132 seq., 149, comrades, iv, 308
191, 292 end of, iv, 309
takes part in the Fight of Gustaham, Iranian warrior, temp.
the Seven Warriors, ii, Yazdagird son of Shapur,
107 seq. vi, 394
friendship of, for Bizhan, lions of, slain by Bahram
iii. 15 Giir, vi, 410
lends Bizhan a steed, iii, 60 Bahram Gur's commander-
mounts behind Bizhan, iii, in-chief, vii, 85
95 Gustaham (Bistam q.v.),
attacks Bidad, iii, 244 maternal uncle of Khus-
sends Bizhan to summon rau Parwiz, I-/I-I/4, viii,
Rustam, iii, 245 199, 200, 202, 204 seq.,
goes with Rustam to rescue 227, 228, 231, 25.5, 257,
Bizhan, iii, 334 259. 269, 282, 289, 293,
fights with Andariman, iv, 295, 298 ix, 4,; 6
87 imprisonment of, viii, 77, 17b
made commander in chief Bandwi and, escape and
pro tent, vice Gudarz, iv, revolt, viii, 182
- informs Khusrau Parwiz of
?~
Gudarz instructs, iv, 92 the blinding of Hurmuzd,
resigns his command to viii, 184
Gudarz, iv, 1 1 1 referred to, viii, 189
volunteers to pursue Lahhak revolt of, viii, 191, 355
and Farshidward, iv, n6 saves Khusrau Parwiz from
wounded, iv, 123 Turk, viii, 220
'This is assumed in a\\ cases where it is doubtful wbigh Gus(aliani is me^nt.
CJ. Vol. i, p. 369.
GENERAL INDEX 275
Gustaham Gurdwi and,
(Bistdm), Haft Khwdn, ii, 29 ; v, 117 and
dissuade Khusrau Parwiz note
from making a night- of Rustara and Asfandiyar
attack, 224 viii, compared, v, 1 1 7
viii, 229 and note
treasurer, M4n, ii, 29
accompanies Khusrau Par- Haftwdd (Haftanbukht, Asta-
•wiz in his flight, viii, wadh). Tribal King, 161,
231 vi, 199
turns back and murders account of, in Tabari, vi,
Hurmuzd, viii, 232 205
Khusrau Parwi'z,
rejoins viii, daughter of, vi, 205, 206,
233 233. 234
Khusrau Parwiz warned becomes guardian of the
against, viii, 255, 256 Worm, vi, 236
deceived by Caesar's talis- Noldeke and Darmestcter
man, viii, 272 on, vi, 206
praised by Caesar, viii, 279 son of, vi, 206
Bahram Chiibina writes to, helps his father against
viii,285 Ardshir Papakan, vi,
chooses comrades for Khus- 236
rau Parwiz in battle, viii, Story of, 161, vi, 232 seq.
296 seven sons of, vi, 233, 235
receives Khurasan viii, 313 rise to power of, vi, 235
summoned to court, viii, 355 builds, and migrates to, a
hears of execution of Band- stronghold, vi, 235
wi, 355
viii, Ardshir Papakan and, vi,
hears of Gurdya's doings, 236 seq.
viii, 356 slain by Ardshir Papakan,
goes to meet Gurdya, viii, vi, 245
356 Haital, Ilaitalians, country and
asks Gurdya in marriage, people (White Huns),
viii, 357 dwelling north of the
Gurdya plots murder of, Oxus, 166, 168, vii, 6,
viii, 360 153, 161. 164, 171, 174,
intimates of, beheaded, viii, 181, 187. 197, 340, 342,
370 390 ; viii, 45, 242, 329.
assassination of, referred to, 370. 377
ix, 16, 104 origin and scat of, i, 19,
Gutschmid, Alfred von, on the 20
Cyrus legend in Ctesias, confused with the Turks,
vi, 195 vii, 4
Guzihr, Tribal King, vi, 198, 199 Bahram Giir's defeat of. vii,
4
help Piriiz, vii, 156, 157
H Piruz's expedition against,
vii, 159, 164 seq.
Habash (Ethiopia), 160, vi, 149 tradition of, vii, 160
people of, encountered by king of, vii, lOo, 184
Sikandar, vi, 149 helps Kubad, vii, 198
Haftanbukht. See Haftwad. Kubcid's flight to, vii, 170,
Haft Khan, ii, 29 184, 198
276 GENERAL INDEX
Haital Haitalians, Niishirwan's Halai, reason for her repudiation
alliance with the Khan by Darab and her naming
against, vii, 317 her son Iskandar (Sikan-
Khan's war with, vii, 328 seq. dar), vi, 19
Khan's embassy to Niishir- Halai-Sandarus. See Halai.
wan destroyed by, vii, 330 Hamadan city in
(Ekbatana),
host of, levied to oppose the 'Irak-i-'Ajami, vi, 31 vii,, ;
Khan, 331 vii, 6 ;viii, 178, 189 ix, 68 ;
defeated, vii, 332 Hamavaran (Yaman), south-

Niishirwan's help sought by, western Arabia, 143, ii,
vii, 33^ 25, 78 seq., 94, 96 seq.,

Faghanish made king by, 139, 143 seq., 213, 215,
vii, 333 218, 250 iv, 296, 299; V,
;
Niishfrwan takes counsel 174, 207, 208, 220 viii, ;
concerning, vii, 333 334, 104, 168

make submission to Niish- king of, 143, i, 338 ii, 85 ;
irwan, vii, 360 seq., 93, 207 and note v, ;
Ha'iy, son of Kutiba, governor 176

of Tiis and a patron of asks quarter of Rustam,
Firdausi, i, 35, 39 ii, 97
Hajir, Iranian hero, 144, 151, ii, releases Kai Kaiis, ii, 97
134, 136, 140, 349 iv, ; Hamawan, mountain, 148, iii,
103, 147, 191 135, ^37. 13S, 14-^, 144.
taken prisoner by Suhrab, 153. 154. 158, 161, 164,
ii, 131 167, 169, 172, 177; iv.
misleads Suhrab, ii, 152 seq. 299 v, 116
life of, attempted by Rus- occupied by the ranians.
fi
tam, 176 ii, iii, 132

attacks Bidad, iii, 244 Hamdan Gashasp, Iranian chief,
put in charge of the bag- 122, 163, 204
viii,
gage, iv, 24 speech of, viii, 166

bears letters from Gudarz Hamza, of Ispahan, tenth cen-
to Kai Khusrau, iv, 57 , tury Arabic historian, vi,
rewarded by Kai Khusrau, 257
iv, 58 Handgrip, as test of strength, ii,
bears Kai Khusrau's reply 64, 66, 67 V, 208 ;
to Gudarz, iv, 61, 62 Hani bin Mas'ud, Arab chief,

goes with orders to Giv, iv, viii, 190
82, 83 Haoma. See Homa.
slays Andariman's horse, = Hum, q.v.
87
iv, Haraiti Bareza (Alburz, q.v.),
chosen to fight with Sipah- mountain, iv, 137
ram, iv, 97 Hardm, the environs of Mecca,
slays Sipahram, iv, 104 vi, 65, 120 and note,
Halab (Chalybon - Beroea, 121
Aleppo), city in northern Haram, of Khusrau Parwiz, ix,
Syiia, iv, 359, 360 viii, ; 4- 5
41. 46, 47 Harat, city in north-western
Ilalai (Olympia (?), Nahid), Afghanistan, ii, loi iii, ;
daughter, in legend, of 222 viii,

; 71, 92, no,
Philip II of Macedon, vi,i9 116, 117, 130, 173
GENERAL INDEX 77
Harat, early scat of Aryan civili- Hatra, king of, vi, 323
zation, i, 7 Haug, his theory of the origin of
battle of, i, 21 Zoroastrianism, ii, 8
Firdansi flees to, from Mah- Hauz, tank or pool, i, 203 and
111 ud, i, 39 note, vii, 50 and tiotc
desertof, ii, 228; viii, 114 Hawk, hawks, domestication of,
marchlord of. See Makh. by Tahmuras, i, 126
bestowed by Mahwi on his two white, Kai Kubad's
son, ix, 115 dream of, i, 385
Harts, father of Kais, viii, 250 Hawking. See Falconry.
Harith, father of Nadr, q.v., v, Hay, sack of, Bahram Chiibina
166 and the, viii, 109
Harith bin Jabala, prince of the Hazar, Hazaran, Turanian hero,
Ghassanians, vii, 217 v, 24, 56, 59
protected by Justinian, vii, Hazara, father of Iviit, viii, 291
217 Hecataeus, Greek historian (6th-
war of, with Munzir, vii, 217 5th centuries B.C.), vi, 13
Harpagus, Persian noble, temp. Helenopolis, city in Bithynia, vi,
Astyages, ii, 190 61
= Piran in legend, ii, 191 Heraclius, Eastern Roman Em-
Harum (City of Women), 160, vi, peror (A.D. 610-642), V,
73, 153 seq. 306 note viii, 187, 191
; ;
visited by Sikandar, vi, 153 ix, 5. 7

seq. attempts of, for peace with
Sikandar's correspondence Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 194,
with the ruler of, vi, 153 195
seq. takes Dastagird, viii, 194
Harunu'r-Rashid, Khalifa (A.D. retreat of, viii, 195, 196
786-809), i, 14 Shirwi's letter to, ix, 7
Hariit, angel, iii, 286, 288 alliance of, with Shahrbaraz,
'
Harvest of Bahram,' viii, 292 ix, 43, 44
Hasan Sabbah (The Old Man of Hermit, Khusrau Parwiz and the
the Mountain), v, 30 172, viii, 254
Hashim, Arab general, ix, 68 Herodotus, Greek historian (B.C.
sent by 'Umar in pursuit of 484-425). ii. 9 ; iii, 191 ;
Yazdagird, ix, 68 vi, 13, 16, 68, 72, 73 ; viii,

wins battle of Jalula, ix, 68 193
takes Hulwan, ix, 68 legend of Cyrus the Great in,
Hashimi, a descendant of Hashim ii, 190 ;vi, 195
the great grandfather of Heroes, chief, of mixed descent,
Muhammad, i, 25 ; vi, 362 i. 55
and note Vale of, vii, 6

Hashiniite = Muhammad, ix, 81 Hesperides, Garden of the, vi,
and note
Hcishish, murderer of Darius Hierapolis. See Arayish-i-Riim.
Codomanus, vi, 32 High priest, temp. Shapur son of
Hatra (Al Hadr), city, vi, 321 Urmuzd, 343 seq.
vi,
seq. hears of Shapur's return, vi,
account of, vi, 322 344
besieged, vi, 322 informs the captain of the
fall of, legend of, vi, 322 host, vi, 345
278 GENERAL INDEX
Hijaz, north-western Arabia, Hind, Rahram Gur"s visit to,
viii, 24 and note, 66, 67 fabulous, 6
vii,
Hilal, Arab, ix, 69 king of, entertained by
slayer of Rustam son of Bahram Gur, vii, 140
Farrukh-Hurmuzd, ix, 70 seq.
Himalaya (Himavat), mountain- Nushfrwan goes to, vii, 241
range dividing India from Hindiya (Amida ?), city in
Thibet, vi, 74, 81 Roman Armenia, vii, 200
Himavat. S.'e above. taken by Kubad, vii, 200
Himyar — Hamavaran (Yaman), Hindu Kush, mountain-range in
79
ii, Afghanistan, ii, 80
Hind, Hindustan, 14-;, J59, 161, Hindustani, vii, 6
165, i6g, i, 231, 261 ii, ; Gipsy language a debased
92, 228, 287, 289 iii, 30, ; form of, vii, 6
152, 164, 165,
204, 177, Hiong-Nu, probably the Huns, v,
221, 222, 235,
237, 238, 13
242 ; iv, 14, 60, 65. 133, Hira, city west of the Euphrates
196, 208, 272, 317, 320 ; near Mashad 'Ali (Nedjef),
V, 76, 188, 257, 262, 265, vi, 372; vii, 217; viii,
277 vi, 80, 81, 91, 98
; 188, 191 ix, 5, 66 ;
and passiin seat of the dynasty of Al

land of sorcerers, i, 163 Munzir, i, 55
Mai 252
of, i, kingdom of, ix, 65
king of (Shangul) temp. Kai abolished by Khusrau
Khusrau, iii, 162, 210, Parwiz, ix, 66
218, 251 attacked by Persians, ix, 67
temp. Bahram
Gur, vii, Hira (Jebel Niir), mountain
113, 119, 126, 128 north of Mecca, viii, 42
temp. Niishirwan, viii, 52 Hirbad, keeper of the women's
lord of = Shangul, iii, 187 house of Kai Kaiis, ii, 202,
man of = Shangul, iii, 216 206
prince of, iv, 71 Hirmund (Helmund), river in
lord of = Mahmud, iv, 142 Sistan in eastern Iran, i,
monarch of, iv, 319, 321 358,359; iii, 321 ; V, 178,

kings of, send tiibute to 182, 186, 191, 196, 219,
Gushtasp, iv, 75 285
ambassadors from, come referred to, v, 198, 231
to Darab, vi, 21 Hisham ibn Muhammad ibn
Dara, vi, 35 Al-Kalbi, Arabic historian
ruler of = Fur, vi, 51 (Sth-gth centuries A.D.),
Sikandar invades, vi, 98 vi, 30 viii, 73
;
silk of, vi, 99 Hishwi, Riiman toll-collector,

king of=Kaid, vi, 103 iv, 334 seq.
Sikandar becomes king of, interview of, with Gushtasp,
vi, 118 iv, 324
people of, help the Sindians becomes friends with Gush-
against Sikandar, vi, 175 t4sp, iv, 332
Raja of, i6g. See Raja. asks Gushtasp, on behalf of
Bahr4m Gur's visit to, vii, Mirin, to undertake the
5, no seq. adventure of the wolf of
motive of, vii, 5 Fdskun, iv, 335
GENERAL INDEX 279
Hishwi, goes with Gushtasp and Hormisdas, goes with Julian
Mirin to the forest of to the East, vi, 325
Fdskun, iv, 337 Horoscope, i, 152
Mirin and, welcome Gush- of the sons of Faridun, i, 188
t^p on his return, iv, 339 ZaI, i, 251, 278
asks GushtAsp, on behalf of Rustam, i, 278, 307
Ahraii, to undertake the Siyawush, ii, 196, 205, 234
adventure of tlie dragon Mi'rin, iv, 334
of Mount Sakila, iv, 344 Shaghad, v, 264
goes with Gushtasp and Ardawan, vi, 218
Ahran to Mount Sakila, Bahram Gur, vi, 376
iv, 346 Yazdagird son of Shapur,
Ahran and, welcome Gush- vi, 390
tasp on his return, iv, 347 Shirwi, vi i, 37.2 ; ix, 16, 17

receives gifts from Gush- Horse, of Persian royalty, how
tasp, iv, 348 distinguished, ii, 410 note
confirms Gusht^sp's claim Gushtasp's black. See
to have slain the wolf and Black horse,
and piece in
dragon, produces (steed, knight),
their teeth to Cjesar, iv, chess, vii, 285, 423
351 position of, vii, 388, 422
-Hittite, Hittites, vi, 71 move of, vii, 422
empire, vi, 71 Houri, maid of Paradise, i, 272 ;
Hiuen Tsiang, Chinese traveller ix, 81

(A.D. 603-668), vi, 63 House of Darkness, ix, 7
quoted, vi, 63, 73 Crystal, ix, 25 and note
Hoibaras, Persian slave, temp. Houses, the Twelve, of the sky,
Astyages, vi, 195 1, 103, 188
Hold, The Brazen. See Brazen good influence of, i, 52

Hold. Hrazdan, river in Armenia, v, 13
Holy Ghost, the, vi, 13S and note Hiilwan (Arash), town, vii, 187,
Holy Questions, Mountain of the, 201
i, 62 situation of, vii, 187
Homa (Soma), a plant held Yazdagird retires to, ix, 67
sacred by the Zoroas- taken by Hashim, ix, 68
trians, i, 8 and note, ii, 8 Hum (Haoma, q.v.), hermit, 153,
juice of, ii, 8 135 seq., 259 seq.
iv,
referred to, iv, 138 hears Afrasiyab lamenting
Homer, vi, 13, 72 in the cave, iv, 260
epic method of. contrasted capture of Afrasiyab by, iv,

with Firdausi's, i, 47 261
quoted, vi, 68, 73 Darmesteter on, iv, 136
Hormisdas I. See Urmuzd son pities and unbinds Afrasi-
of ShApiir. ycib, iv, 262
Hormisdas H. See Urmuzd son tells his adventure with
of Narsi. AfrasiyAb to Gudarz and
Hormisdas (Urmuzd son of Giv, iv, 363
Urmuzd son of Narsi), Kai K4us and Kai Khus-
Persian prince, takes re- rau, iv, 264
fuge with the Romans, vi, suggests how Afrasiyab may
3i«. 3-25 be recaptured, iv, 265
28o GENERAL INDEX
Hum, recaptures Afrasiyab, iv, Humai, crowns, and excuses her-
266 self to,
Darab, v, 310
Huma. See below. proclaims Darab, v, 311
Humai (Huma), daughter of Humai, Iranian chief, tcDip.
Gushtasp, ii, 3 v, ; 12, Bahram Gur, vii, 88
25 goes as envoy to the Khan,
marriage of, with Asfandi- vii, 87
yar, v, 22, 74 Hiimdn, son of Wisa and brother
ignored by Firdausi, v, 22 of Piran, Turanian hero,
offered in marriage to the 144, 148. I4g. 151, i, 92;
avenger of Zarir, v, 64 ii,129, 130, 132, 148, 150,
taken captive by the Turk- 264, 390 iii, 90, 91, 93,
;
mans, V, 93, 100 108, 120 seq., 133 seq.,

goes with Bih Afrid to draw 142, 149, 152, 1.53, 158,
water and meets Asfandi- 166, 169, 177, 182, 192,
yar, v, 147 202, 205, 210,
217, 227,
escapes from Arj asp's pal- 232, 234, 252, 259, 330 ;
ace, V, 153 iv, 7, 8, 10,

44, 29 seq.,
bewails Asfandiyar, v, 252 55. 56. 61, 75, 76. 91, 118,
reproaches Gushtasp, v, 254 152
Humai (Chihrzad, q.v.), daughter Barman and, join Suhrab
and wife of Bah man, and with troops, ii, 129
mother of Darab, ShAh, Afrasiyab's instructions to,
157, 158. ii, 3. 9, 10 v, ; ii, 129
2S1, 290 seq. ; vi, 20, 22, misleads Suhrab as to Rus-

190 tam, ii, 165, 169
mairied to Bahman, v, 290 reproaches Suhrab for spar-
Bahman appoints, and her ing Rustam, ii, 171
issue, to succeed him, v, throws the blame for Suh-
291 rab's death on Haji'r, ii,
Semiramis (?), v 293 176
genealogies of, v, 293 withdraws from fran under
Reign of, 158, v, 292 seq. safe conduct, ii, 176, 181,
Note on, v, 292 seq. 182, 184
accession of, v, 294 rescues Afiasiyab from Rus-
Darab born of, v, 294 tam, ii, 354, 355
referred to, v, 296 persuades Afrasij'ab to
hears of Riiman invasion abandon the pursuit of
and bids Rashnawad lead Kai Kliusrau, ii, 394
forth the host, v, 301 parleys with Tiis, iii, 121
reviews the host, v, 302 leads the host against Tiis,
affected on seeine: Darab, v, iii, 127
302 counsels Piran, iii, 134

hears from RashnawAd pursues the Iranians to
about Ddrab, v, 308 Mount Hamawan, iii, 135
recognises that Darab is her ralhes the Turanians, iii,
son, V, 308 139

thanksgiving largess of, v, reconnoitres the Iranians,
309 iii, 174
Rashnawdd and Darab ap- informs
^ ^
I'l'ran of the arrival
pear before, v, 309 seq. of Rustam, iii, 174
GENERAL INDEX 281
Ili'iiiian, parleys disguised with llunniizd (Shah), counselled by

Kiistani, iii, i(j6 Nushirwan, viii, 25 seq.
commands the centre, iv, 25 Niisliirwan's testament in
dissuaded from fighting by favour ol, andlast coun-
Pi'ran, iv, 30 sels to, viii, 61 seq.
parleys with Bizhan, iv, 45 Reign of, 170, viii, 70
armour of, donned by Bi- Note on, viii, 70
zhan, iv, 51 character of, viii, 70
Turanians' grief at death of, system of administinticn of,
iv, 51 viii, 71
Huns, the, i, 10 ; v, 13 ; vi, 15 ; justice of, viii, 71
153
vii, instances of, viii, 90 seq.
settlement of, at Samar- scribes executed by, viii, 71
kanil, i, 19 insult of, to Baliiam Chu-
^\hite. 5fe Haital. bina, viii, 76
Hur, father of Bihruz, vii, 72 Lazic war renewed by, viii,
Hurmuz (Urmuzd), Ashkanian 76
king, vi, 197 Bahram Chiibina's gift of
Hurmuz (Urmus), city and island swords to, viii, 76
on the south-eastern shore accession of, viii, 78
of the Persian Gulf, vi, turns to evil courses, viii,
204 81
Hurmuz (Hormisdas IH), Sh4h, puts to death tzid Gas-
166, vii, 153, 186 hasp, viii, 83
appointed by Yazdagird to poisons Zarduhsht, viii, 83
succeed him, vii, 155 seq.
Reign of, vii, 156 schemes against and puts
Note on, vii, 156 to death Simah Parzin,
defeated by Pi'ruz, vii, 157 viii, 85 seq.
pardoned by Pirilz, vii, 156, attempts to suborn Bahram
158 Azarmihan, viii, 85 seq.,
leads the van in the war gives audience, viii, 86
with the Turkmans (Hai- hears state-secret from Bah-
talians), vii, 164 ram Azarmihan, viii, 88
perishes in battle, vii, 168 puts to death Bahram Azar-
Hurmuz, minister of Bahram mihan, viii, 89
Gur, vii, 26 repentance of, viii, 90, 93
Hurmuzd (Hormisdas IV), son places of residence of, viii,
of Nushirwan, Shah, i6g- 90
IJ2, vii, 279 viii, 56 ; wars of, viii, 92
seq., 69 seq., 74 seq., 78, attacked by Sawa, viii, 92
87, 147, 169, 170, 174, Sawa's letter to, viii, 93
198, 209, 212, 213, 222, attacked by Caesar, viii, 93
232, 265, 270, 304, 312, Khazars, viii, 93
333. 355. 370. 376 ; ix, 4, Arabs, viii, 93
15.104 consults the Iranians, viii,
son of the Khan's daughter, 94
vii, 317 counselled by his wazir, viii,
sent against the Turks, vii 94
317 makes peace with Ca?sar,
examination of, viii, 3, 57 viii, 95
282 GENERAL INDEX
Hurmuzd (Shah), attacks and de- Hurmuzd (Shah), hears of the
feats the Khazars, viii, 95 murder of Ayin Gashasp,
sends for Mihran Sitad, viii, 182
viii, 97 dethroned and blinded, viii,
hears prophecy about Bah- 183, 200
ram Chiibina, viii, 98 visited in prison by Khusrau
orders search to be made for Parwiz, viii, 185, 198, 230
Bahram Chubina, viii, 99 requests of, to Khusrau Par-
discovers and sends for wiz, viii, 199
Bahram Chubina, viii, 100 referred to, viii, 211
consultsBahram Chubina, counsels Khusrau Parwiz,
viii, 100 230
viii,
gives chief command to murdered, viii, 232

Bahram Chubina, viii, \oz Hurmuzd Garabzin or Galabzin
questions Bahram Chubina, (Ivharrad son of Barzin
viii, 103 q.v.), viii, 190
gives Rustain's banner to Hurmuzd, priest, vii, 188
Bahram Chubina, viii, 105 assists Nushirwan in his
sends Mihran with Bahram disputation with Mazdak,
Chubina, viii, 106 vii, 188, 206
intelhgencer after Bahram Hurmuzd, Iranian general, vii,
Chubina, viii, 107 251
to recall Bahrain Chubina, commands the outposts in
viii, 108 Niishirwan's army, vii, 251
Kharrad, son of Barzin, Hurmuzd (Hurmuzdshah, Far-
as envoy to Sawa, viii, rukh-Hurmuzd q.v.),
no father of Rustam, ix, 72,
hears of Bahram Chiibina's 96
78, 85, 89,
victory, viii, 132 Hurmuzd ShahrangurAz (Shah-
makes thanksgiving, viii, 132 ranguraz q.v.), ix, 54
rewards Bahram Chubina Hurmuzd, devotee, ix, 102
and the troops, viii, 133 pleads with Mahwi for Yaz-
surveys spoils sent by Bah- dagird, ix, 102
ram Chubina, viii, 150 Hurmuzdagan, vi, 193, 199
grows suspicious of Bahram battle of, vi, 193, 199, 202,
Chubina, viii, 151 256
dismisses the Khan with Husain, friend of Firdausi, ix,
gifts, viii, 152 121
hears from Kharrad of Bah- Hushang, son of Siyamak, min-
ram Chiibina's disaffec- ister of Gaiiimart, and
tion, viii, 160 Shah, 139, 140, i, 42, 90,
consults with high priest, 91, 126 ii, 204
; iv, 133, ;
viii, 161 286, 292, 302 V, 180, ;
Ayin Gashasp, viii, 174, 245 vii, 37, 273

; viii, ;
177 376 ix, 25, 41

;
plans to make away with Firdausi's etymology of, i,

Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 174 121
hears of Khusrau Parwiz' goes with Gaiiimart to fight
flight, viii, 176 the Black Div, i, 121
imprisons ]5andwi and Gus- slays the Black Div, i, I2i
taham, viii, 176 Reign of, 140, i, 122
GENERAL INDEX 283
Hushang, Reign of, Note on, i, Iblis, occasional substitution of*
12Z for Ahrinian in the Shah-
succeeds Gaiiiniart, i, 122 nama, i, 50, 70 ; ii, 82, no
culture-hero, i, 123 tempts Zahhak, i, 136 seq.
discovers lire, i, IJ3 turns cook, i, 137 seq.
institutes Fire-worship, i, 1 23 causes serpents to grow out
founds the Feast of Sada, i, of Zahhcik's shoulders, i,
124 139
domesticates animals, {,124 counsels, garbed as a leech,
dies, i, 124 Zahhdk, 139 i,
Firdausi's reflections on, i, Ibn Mukafta', Persian scholar

124 and Arabic writer, vi, 373 ;
rites of, vii, 53 vii, 161

Faith of, viii, 380 account of, vi, 17
Hushdiv, Turanian hero, v, 46 translator of the Bastan-
put in charge of the rear, v, nama into Arabic, vi, 17
46 Fables of Bidpai (the
Hushyar, astrologer, vi 372, 375 Book of Kalila and
takes Bahram Giir's horo- Dimna) into Arabic,
scope vi, 176 _
vii, 3S3
Hushravah (Kai Khusrau, q.v.), Ibrahim, Abraham the pat-
138
iv, 137, riarch, vi, 1 1 9, 120
Hutaosa, wife of Gushtasp, v, 1 1 house of =the
Kaaba, vi, 119
= Atossa (?), V, II Ichthyophagi, vi, 81
//fyaonas (Khyons, Chionitae ?), Sikandar and, vi, 69, 147
people, V, 13 Arrian on, vi, 69
Hyapates, son of Scmiramis, v, modern accounts of, vi, 70
292 city of, described, vi, 177
Hydaspes, id.
go to meet, and are visited
Hydaspes (Jhilam), river in the by, Sikandar, vi, 17S
Punjab, vi, 18, 31, 62, 63 hand over the treasures of
Hydraotes (Ravi), river in the Kai Khusrau to Sikandar,
Punjab, vi, 64 vi, 178
Hyperboreans, the, vi, 74 fd-i-Kurdi, Feast of, i, 143
Elysium of, vi, 74 Ighriras (Aghraeratha, Aghrc-
Hyphasis (Beas), river in the ra.d, Aghriras), brother of
Punjab, vi, 64 Afrasiyab and Turanian
Hyrcania (Gurgan, q.v.), ii, 27 ; hero, 142. i, 92, 337, 342
iii. 10 ; vi, 373 seq. : ii, 18, 20, 303, 304 ;
Giv, prince of, iii, 9 iii, 8 ; iv, 136, 206, 262

Hystaspes (Gushtasp, q.v.), iv, characterised, i, 55, 338
314 seq. opposes war with Iran, i,
Hystaspes, father of Darius I, v, 343

10 Barman's single combat,
governor of Parthia, v, lo i. 347
over-ruled by Pashang, i,
344
Afrasiydb, i, 347
iBLfs, the Muhammadan Devil, Iranian captives saved by,
140, 143, iv, 206, 282 ; V, i. 3(^3
174, 218 released by, i, 365 seq.
284 GENERAL INDEX
Ighrhas, upbraided and slain by Indian, Indians, Faith of, iy2,
Afrasiyab, i, 367 viii, 275
Pashang's grief for, i, 374 script, ix, I 7
revival of, in legend, iv, 135 scribe, ix, 17
given a command, iv 156 Indies, Greek idea of two, vi, 13
head of, sent by Kai Khus- duplicate races in, vi, 68
rau to Kai Kaiis, iv, 185 Indo-European race, i, 7
referred to, iv, 267 Asiatic branch of, i, 7
Ijds bin Kabi'sa, viii, 188 Aryans, i, 7
'
governor of Hira, viii, 190 early seats of, i, 7
Ila, Turanian king, iv, 182 religion of, i, 7
fights with Kai Khusrau, iv, Indra, Indian god, ii, 25 ; vi, 203
182 Vritra and, ii, 25 ; vi, 203
Ilyas, ruler of Khazar q.v., 154, Indus, river, i, 71, 252 ; ii, 21 ;
361
iv, iii,177, 204, 237. 251 ; V,
tribute demanded of, by 293 vi, 62, 67, 70
; ; vii,
Caesar, iv, 352 241
refuses tribute and declares mistaken for the Nile, vi, 68
war, 352 iv, Introduction, to Shahnama, i, 3
makes overtures to Gush- seq.
tasp, iv, 354 lollas, Alexander the Great's cup-
corpse of, brought by Gush- bearer, vi, 82
tasp to Cajsar, iv, 355 Iraj, youngest son of laridun
Imagery, of Shahnama. See q.v. and the protagonist
Shahnama. of the Iranian race, 140, i,
Imaus, Greek form of Himalaya 54, 90, 91, 211 ii, 8, 16, ;
q.v., vi, 12 19, 20, 237, 297,302; iii, 8;

'Inanian, 'Inanians, Arab tribe, iv, 146 V, 42, 44, 261
; ;
vi, 324. 330, 331. 333 vi, 353 vii, 73

; viii, 266, ;
Ind. See Hind. 376 and note, 392 ix, 103 ;
India, iv,316 ; vi, 17, 64, 81, S3, etymology of, i, 174
204 naming of, i, 188
frinians and Aryans of, i, 15 horoscope of, i, 188
Palladius on, vi, 61 receives Iran and Arabia as
Ancient, M'Crindle's, quoted, his portion, i, 189
vi, 68 abdication of, demanded by
=
Ethiopia, vi, 68 Salm and Tiir, i, 192
Indian, Indians, iy2, vi, 81, 375, offers to go to his brothers,
397 ; vii, 135, 146; viii, i, 196
377 visits Salm and Tur, i, 19S
= Ethiopians, vi, 13, 68 reception of, by Salm and
sages, vi, 61, 83, 91 seq., 143 Tur, i, 198
seq., 266 offers to resign his kingship
bells and gongs, vi, 175 ;
to his brothers, i, 200
viii, 46, 120 slain by Tur and Salm, i,
bane, vi, 259 201

king of = Shangul, vii, 118 head of, sent to Faridun, i,
tongue, vii, 117, 143 202

sword, falchion, scimitar,viii, mourning for, i, 203 seq.
127, 145. 417 ix. 17 ; daughter of, 140, i, 205
Garden of the, viii, 196 married to Pashang, i, 205
GENERAL INDEX 285
fiaj, daughter of, gives birth to frdnians, historical relations of,
Minuchihr, i, 206 with Semites, i, 10
vengeance for, i, 215 seq. Assyrians, i, 10
referred to, i, 335, 349 Arabs, i, 1 1 ; vi, 17; ix,
Iraj, king of Kabul, iv, 146 65 seq.
'IrAk, ix, 66 Greeks and Romans, i, 14
=
'frak 'Arabi (Babylonia), Aryans of India, i, 15
vii, 214, 224 Tiirdnians, i, 16 seq.
Iram, gardens of, i, 100, 113; Kimmerians, i, i
7
ii, 78 vii, 235
; and Scythians, i, 17
note Parthians, i, 18
Iran, 142-144. 14^. 148. 150, 152- Alani, i, 19
155. 157, 15S, 162, 163, Huns, i, 19
163, i6y, 172. 173, 173, Turks, i, 20
176, i, 3, 113, 152, 153 traditional relations of, with
and passim other Indo -
Europeans,
boundaries of, i, 3 Semites, and Turanians, i,
physical features of, i, 3 54. 55. 56
gradual desiccation of, i, 3 revolt against Jamshid and
and see Drought, summon Zahhak to Iran,
climate of, i, 4 i. 139
flora of, i, 4 chiefs imprisoned at
of,
fauna of, i, 5 Sari, 363
i,
land of contrasts, i, 5, 58, plot for release with Igh-

60 riras, i, 363
cosmogony of, i, 5 inform Zal, i, 366
people of, i, 6 released by Kishwad, i,
-vej, region, i, 9 367

situation of, i, 9 provided for by Zal, i,
Zoroaster's (Zarduhsht's) 367
birth-place, i, 62 bewail Naudar, i, 364
Arab conquest of, i, 12 wish to withdraw from the
Arabia and, Iraj's portion, Seven Stages, v, 135
i,189 encouraged to persevere by
-Shahr, ii, 81 Asf andiyar, v, 1 36
fought for by Afrasiyib and provoked to combat by
the Arabs, ii, 92 Zawara, v, 225
invaded by Suhrab, ii, 130 Sikandar's proclamation to,
lord of=Mahmud, iv, 142 vi, 44
monarch of = Darab, vi, 21, bewail themselves, vi, 48
26 counsel Dar4 to come to
and Shahnama compared, terms with Sikandar, vi,
vi, 193 48
invaded by Munzir and ask quarter of Sikandar, vi,
Nu'min, vi, 397 51
Rum's tribute to explaine 1, hailSikandar as ruler, vi, 56
vii, 187 after Yazdagird son of
Iranian, Iranians, 144, 147-131, Shdpur's death meet for
153. 155. 163-167. 171, counsel in Pdrs, vi, 394
176, i, 9 and passim Jawanwi sent by, to Mun-
neighbours of, i, 9 zir, vi, 397
286 GENERAL INDEX
Iranians, offer prayer at the Fire- Iranian, Iranians, defeat the
fane of Barzin, vi, 400 Turks, viii, 126
loyal,support Bahram Gur, revolt against Hurmuzd,
vi, 402 viii, 156
procedure of, to elect a elect Bahram Chubina

Shah, vi, 403 Sh4h, viii, 243
decide to reject Bahram homage Shirwi, ix, 8
Gur, vi, 403 choose two chiefs to visit
remonstrated with by Mun- Khusrau Parwiz in prison,
zir, vi, 403 ix, 9
of, to Munzir,
object-lesson plot against Guraz, ix, 54
vi,404 go hunting with Guraz, ix,
accept Bahram Gur's pro- 55
posal for settling the race, ix, 65
question of kingship by enmity of, with Semite,
ordeal, vi, 406 i, 54 ix, 65 ;
ask Munzir to intercede announces arrival of Shu'ba

with Bahrdm Gur for Mughira to Rustam, ix, 82
them, vii, 9 defeat of, at Kadisiya, ix, 84
arrears of taxes of, can- retreat to Yazdagird, ix, 85
celled, vii, II -born, ix, 99
levied by Bahram Gur, vii, defeat of, at Marv, ix, 116
86 ambushed, ix, 118
resolve to submit to the Irma'il and Karma'il, Zahhak's
Khan, vii, 87 cooks, 140, i, 146
send Humai as envoy to the Irman, (Arman q.v.), i, 345, 358 ;
Khan, vii, 87 iii, 12, 285, 292. 296,
letter of, to the Khan, vii, 87 3"
ask for Narsi's good offices devastated by wild boars,
with Bahram Giir, vii, 93 iii, 290
lament for the death of Irmanians (Armenians q.v.), 150,

Piriiz, vii, 169 iii, 286
revolt against Kubad, vii, complain to Kai Khusrau

195 of the wild boars, iii, 290
put Kubad in fetters, vii, Iron steeds, Sikandar's, vi, 115
195 Isa (Jesus), viii, 276 note
ask pardon of Kub4d, vii, Isdigird I (Yazdagird son of
200 Shapur), Sasanian king,
pardoned by Kubad, vii, 200 vi, 371
take Sakila, viii, 47 Isdigird II (Yazdagird son of
chiefs received in audience Bahram Gur), Sasanian
by Hurmuzd, viii, 86 king, vii, 153
consulted by Hurmuzd, viii, Ishmael, vi, 65, 120, 121
94 Iskandar. See Sikandar.
defeat the Khazars, viii, 96 Iskandar, herb, vi, 26
advise Bahr4m Chubina, Iskandariya (Alexandria), 160,
viii, 102, 121, 239 seq., 287 vi, 183
SAwa employs sorcery Sikandar buried at, vi, 185
against, viii, 123 Island, the=Meroe, vi, 65
encouraged by Bahram Islands, Male and Female, vi, 72
Chubina, viii, 124 origin of legend of, vi, 72
GENERAL INDEX 2f<7
Isma'il. See Ishmael. Istakhr, Ardshir Papakan

Isnia'i'l, brother of Sultan Mah- marches from, against the
niud, i, 21 Kurds, vi, 230
Isnnpwi. See Ispanwi. returns victorious to, vi,
Ispahan, city in 'Irak-i-'Ajami, 232
-f
A
i. 351 ii. 394. 399 ; ; Yazdagird taken
made Shah at,
to, ix, 64
iii, 109 vi, 57, 86, 87,
; ix, 65
199, 201, 202, 210 vii, ;
Istuvegu. See Astyages.
6, 84, 214, 224 ; viii, 90 Italy, vii, 218
given to Giidarz, ii, 78 ; iv, Alexander of Epirus' ex-
129 pedition to, vi, 12
Kai Khusrau at,
arrival of Alexander the Great's
396
ii, legendary expedition to,
bestowed on Giv by Kai vi, 12, 30
Khusrau, iv, 298 Iwan-i-Kcrkh, vi, 327
Ispanwi, slave-girl of Tazhav, Izads (Yazatas), the, iii, 286
iii, 14, 27, 77 Izid, viii, 75
taken captive by Bizhan, Izid Gashasp, archscribe, J 70,
iii, 78 viii,74
Ispuruz, mountain in the neigh- confusion in name of, viii,
bourhood of Alazan- 75. 76
daran, ii, 38, 56, 57, iv, put to death by Hurmuzd,
136, 230 viii, 75. 83
Israfil, archangel, 160, vi, 78 malicious speech of, viii, 77
Sikandar's interview with, and note, 150 and note
VI, 83, 161 imprisoned, viii, 81
Issedones, tribe situated on the sends for high priest, viii, 81
Tarim basin in eastern Izid Gashasp, Iranian warrior,
Turkistan, iii, 192 viii, 103, 122, 136, 138,
Issus, town, plain, and gulf in 149, 350, 353. 356
Cilicia, vi, 30 conducts spoil to Iran, viii,
battle of, vi, 30, 31 148
Darius' family taken pris- goes hunting with Bahram
oners at, vi, 31 Chiibina, viii, 156
Istakhr (Persepolis), city in Pars, speech of, viii, 165
142, 165, ii, II, 22, 28,
339 ; vi, 57, 198, 199,
202, 211, 223, 225, 231,
3-26, 356, 386 ; vii, 83, Jabala bin Salim, viii, 73
95, 188 ; viii, 90, 313 ;

Jacob of Sarug, Syriac poet.
ix, 50, 54 Syriac Christian Legend
buildings at, attributed to of Alexander the Great
Humai, v, 293 versified by, vi, 15, 74, 78,
Dara marches from, to en- 84
counter Sikandar, vi, 37, JAdiistan, vi, log and note
46 Jagatai, mountain-range in
returns to, vi, 44 Khurasdn, v, 29
Sikandar crowned Shdh at, Jahn, son of Afrasiyib, Turan-
vi, 59 ian hero, 152, i, 92 ii, ;
taken by Ardshir Papakan, 264, 268 iv, 156, 162,

;
vi, 227 200 seq., 214

288 GENERAL INDEX
Jahn, son of Afrasiyab, sent to Jamasp, foretells the death in
guard Shida's rear, iv, 155 battle of Ardshir, v, 49
advances to the attack Shidasp, V, 50
and is defeated by Karan, Girami, v, 50
iv, 178 exploits of Nastur, v, 50
stationed at the centre with death of Nivzar, v, 51
Afrasiyab, iv, 179 Zarir, v, 52, 70 note
sent to the left with troops, triumph of Asfandiyar, v,
iv, 180 52
Garsiwaz and, compel Afra- defeat of Arjasp, v, 52
siyab to quit the field, iv, encourages Gushtasp to
182 fight, V, 54
commands the right, iv, referred to, v, 59, 102
190 dissuades Gushtasp from
helps defend
to Gang- avenging Zarir, v, 64, 68
bihisht, iv, 209 made archmage of Fire-
taken prisoner by Rustam, temple built by Gush-
iv, 210 tasp, v, 75
sent to Kai Kaiis, iv, sent to recall Asfandiydr to
233 court, v, 80 seq.
interned by Kai Kaus, iv, advises Gushtasp, when be-
235 leaguered by Arjasp, to
spurious passage about, iv, release Asfandiyar, v, 97
272 note volunteers to go to Asfan-
Jahn, architect of throne of diyar, V, 97
Takhdis, viii, 391 reaches Gumbadan in dis-
Jahram (Chahram), 161, 163, guise, V, 98

city in Pars, vi, 44, 119, interview of, with Asfan-
202, 225, 237, 241, 268, diyar, V, 99 seq.
400 ; vii, 185 ; ix, 29, 61 sends for blacksmiths to
Dara goes to, vi, 44 uncliain Asfandiyar, v, loi
degert of, vi, 401 sets off with Asfandiyar,
Jdj (? Chach 150
q.v.), iv, Bahman, and Niish Azar,
Jalalpiir, city in the northern V, IC3
Punjab, 18
vi, foretells Asfandiyar's fate,
Jalula, town north-east of Bagh- V, 169
dad, i, 12, ix, 68 reproached by Bishiitan, v,
battle of, i, 12, ix, 68 254
Jam, son of Kubad and brother advises Gushtasp to write
of Nushirwan, vii, 316 to Bahman, v, 257
conspires against Nushir- writes by Gushtasp's orders
wan, vii, 316 to recall Bahman, v, 258
Jcimcisp, chief minister of Shah Gushtasp tells his intention
Gushtasp, 155, i, 42 ii, 9 v, ; ; as to the succession to, v,
12, 22, 24 seq., 58, 206, 279
216, 248 viii, 171, 393
; ;
prophecy of, viii, 68
ix, 26 additions of, to throne of
omniscience of, v, 19, 48 Takhdis, viii, 392
answers, in conjunction with Jdmasp, son of Piriiz, 166, vi, 3
Zarir and Asfandiyar, Ar- supersedes Kubad temporar-
jasp's letter, v, 42 ily, vii, 184, 195
GENERAL INDEX 2 So
Jamdsp, son of P.'ri'iz, titio of, Jamshi'd, treasure of, founti by

vii, 1 86 Hahram Giir, 164, vii, 36
fate of, vii, iS6, 200 described, vii, 36
James, St., bishop of Edessa, i, Jandal, envoy of Faridun, 140,
374 i. ^77
James V of Scotland, vii, 3 asks Sarv's daughters in

Bahram Gi'ir's resemblance marriage for Faridun's
to, vii, 3 sons, i, 178
Jamhur, king of Hind, vii, 395, informs Faridun of the out-
396. 39'^. 399. 401. 403 come of his mission, i, 182
Jamshid, son of Tahmiiras, Shdh Jandal, city in Hind, vii, 140
and culture-hero, 140, 164, monarch of, entertained by
i, 42, 90, 91, ; ii, 4, 33, Bahram Gur, vii, 140
37, 168, 204, 358, 399 ;
seq.
iii. 7. 57. 257, 273 ; iv, Janfuruz, Iranian general, viii,
63. îi, 149. 203, 206, 297
272, 274, 290 V, 2>^, 34. ;
Jamisiyar, minister of Dara, vi,
38, 47, 180, 202, 215, 216, 52. 88
245, 271, 284 ; vi, 45 murders Dara, vi, 52
and 172, 209
note, vii, ; informs Sikandar of Dara's
36 seq., 107, 162, 173, 211 ; murder, vi, 52
viii, 22, 242, 269, 310, arrested by Sikandar, vi, 53
332, 341, 3S7 ix, 25, 39, ; executed, vi, 56, 88
103 Jaranjas, Turanian hero, iv, 156
Reign of, 140, i, 129 scq. Jarira, daughter of Piran, wife
Note on, i, 129 seq. of Siyawush, and mother
the Iranian Noah, i, 129 of Farud, J-/7, i, 92 ii, ;
meaning of, i, 130 3; iii. 43

ascends the throne, i, 131 married to Siyawush, ii,
greatness of, i, 131 268 seq.
culture-hero, i, 132 birth of her son Farud, ii,
makes armour, i, 132 291
raiment, i, 132 referred to, iii, 39
institutes castes, i, 132 advises Farud, iii, 42
great builder, i, 133 dream of, iii, 63
introduces jewelry and per- kills herself, iii, 66
fumes, i, 133 Jarmana, place, ix, 93
Iccchcraft, i, 133 Jasha, king, i, 67, 68
ship-building, i, 133 Jatakas, vii, 383
carried by the di'vs into the Jats, people of north-western
air, i, 133 India, vii, 6
feast held in memorial of, i, fabulous origin of, vii, 6
134 Jawanwi, Iranian magnate, vi,
fall of, 130, 134, 139 vii, 8, 10
i, 373 ;
franians revolt against, i,139 goes as ambassador to Mun-

fliglit and death of, i, 139 zir, vi, 398
sisters of, married to Zah- interview of, with Munzir,
hAk, 146 i, vi, 398 seq.
found by Faridun, 140, i, recognises the divine Grace
162 in Bahram Gur, vi, 398
referred to, iv, 304 seq.
VOL. IX.
290 GENERAL INDEX
Jawanwi, suggests a course of Ji'hiin
— cont.
action to IMunzir, vi, 400 134. 174. 332 ; ix, 77, 115,
returns to fran, vi, 400 118
bidden by Bahram Gur to boundary between Iran and
remit the arrears of taxes, Tiiran i, 71, 370, 371
vii, II confused with the Aras, i,
Jaz (Gaz), town north-west of 370

Ispahan, vi, 337 vii, 76, ;
fords of, viii, 331
79. 80 Jins, ix, 81
tribute of, remitted, vii, 82 Johari Das, Babu, quoted, vi, 81
Jerusalem, v, 306 note, vi, 81 ; Joktan, vi, 65
viii, 191, 196 =Kahtan, vi, 65
Elevation of the True Cross Joshua, vi, 77
at,ix, 43 Moses and, Muhammadan
Jesus, i,42 viii, 191
; ix, 10 ; legend of, vi, 77
sayings of, viii, 276 and note Jovian (Bazanush), Roman Em-
Cross of, viii, 3 So peror (A.D. 363-4), vi,
laughter of, viii, 191, 380 324 seq. ; viii, 41
Jew, Jews, 168, vi, 356 vii, 13, ; confused with Valerian, vi,
273 viii, 21, 67, 276
; 324
Faith of, vi, 95 Judaism, vi, 327
Bahram Gur's adventure Judda, the port of Mecca, J59,
with a, vii, 16 seq. vi, 121
persecution of, vii, 153 Sikandar arrives at, vi, 121
Zuran's plot with a, against Julian (Yaniis), Roman Em-
Mahbiid, vii, 320 5^^. peror (A.D. 361-363), i,
bewitches Niishirwan's food, 12 ; vi, 325

vii, 321 confused with Valerian, vi,
makes confession to Niishir •
324
wan, vii, 325 not an emperor in the Shah-
Fables of Bidpai, vogue of nama. vi, 324, 326
largely due to, vii, 383 expedition of, against Per-
Jewelled tree, Kai Khusrau's, iii, sia, vi, 324 seq.
329 Julius Valerius, early Latin
Jeweller, a, 164. See Mahiyar. translator of the Pseudo-
daughter of, 164 Callisthenes, vi, 14, 61,
Jewels, discovery of, i, 133 66 seq., 71, 74, 78, 79,
Palace of, 160 81
Jhilam (Hydaspes), river in the Jund-i-Sh4pur (Gund-i-Shapur
Punjab, vi, 18, 31, 63 q.v.), city, vi, 256
Jihun (Oxus q.v.) river, 146, 152, = Ras-Shapur, vi, 256
i. 215, 219, 345. 375 ". ; foundation of attributed to
i^.igscq., 99, 229, 237,248, Ardshir Papakan, vi, 266
258, 311, 340, 390, 394, Jupiter, planet, i, 72, 161, 188,
399, 404 ; iii, 58, 159 ; 281 ;115 iii,
ii, 318 ; ;
iv, 10, 12, 20, 53, 60, 79, iv, 143, 295 V, 256 vi, ; ;
153. 154. 157. 181, 184, 138, 172, 292 vii, 49, ;
187, 194, 255, 304 V, 12, ; 357

248, viii, 28, 152,
;
29, 40, 45, 48, 203 vii, ; 157. 395

92, 165, 166, 180, 329, Justin I, Eastern Roman Em-
338, 340 ; viii, 94 99, peror, vii, 316
cnxr.R.ir. ixnnx 291
Justin II, Eastern Roman Em- K^bul — cohI.

peror, vii, 212 viii, 41 ; 146, 278, 283, 292 ; v,
Justinian, Eastern Roman Em- 126, 170, 173, 224, 242,
peror, i, 16 vii, 212, 219,
; 251, 260, 263 seq., 271,
317 viii, 41
; 273 seq., 284, 287 ; vi,
silkworm introduced into 207 ; vii, 173
the West during reign of, Buddhism in, i, 15
204
vi, superseded by Brahman-
bargains of, with Nushfrw^n, ism, i, 16
vii, 214, 216 seq. dagger of, i, 219 ; vi, 320
protection of Harith bin Z41 visits, i, 256
Jabala by, leads to war Beauty of = RudAba, i,
with Nushirwan, vii, 217 262, 316

successes of, in the West, monarch of =Mihrab, i, 294,
vii, 217 365
closes the schools of Athens, rejoicings at, over Zal's
vii, 280 successful embassy to
Juya, a div, ii, 71 Minuchihr, i, 314
slain by Rustam, ii, 72 preparations at, to welcome
Sam and 315 Zal, i,
falchion 376
of, ix, 981, ;
K Shaghad sent to be brought

up at, V, 264
Kaaba, the, i3g, vi, 65 king of, J57, V, 264, 271
account 65 of, vi, daughter of, marries Sha-
Sikandar's expedition to, ghad, V, 264
vi, 67, 83, 119 Shaghad and, plot against
Kabab, small pieces of meat Rustam, v, 265 seq.
skewered together for gives a feast, v, 266
roasting, ii, 103 ; iii, 69; pretends to quarrel with
iv, 121 ; v, 152 ; viii, 250 Shaghad, v, 266
Kabisa, viii, 188 treachery of, v, 268 seq.
Kabtun, king of Misr and the abases himself before
progenitor of the Copts, Rustam, v, 269
vi, 121 entertains Rustam and in-
welcomes Sikandar, vi, 121 vites him to hunt, v,
praises Kaidafa to Sikandar, 269
vi, 122 hypocrisy of, v, 271
Kabiida, 147, one of Afrasiyab's Faramarz sent against, v,
herdsmen, iii, 73 274, 27O
slain by Bahram, 74
iii, defeated and put to death
Kabul, Kabulistan (Afghanis- with all his kin, v, 277
tan), city and country, tribute of, question about,
141, 157, i, 57, 252, 264, V, 265
268, 277, 282, 283, 286, Faramarz makes a Zabuli
294, 298, 299 note, 300, king of, V, 277
302 seq., 357, 378
316, ; monarch of, entertained by
ii, 12, 18, 21, 92, 228, 260, Bahram Giir, vii, 140 seq.
271. 341 ; iii. 17. 35. 145, K4chir Bishi, city in Turin, ii,
153. 165, 174, 186, 190, 258, 360, 361 vii, 330, ;
202, 206, 321 ; iv, 14, 65, 358 ; ix, 1 1

7
292 GENERAL INDEX
Kadisi, Kadisiya, town on one Kaian, throne, viii, 214
of the canals west of the race, viii, 217
Euphrates and south of crown, ix, 11, 105
Mashad 'AH (Nedjef), vi, Kaianiish (Ivataiiin), brother of
119, 330 ; ix, 5. 73. 74. Faridun, i, 90, 91, 158
77. 78 V, 261
battle of, i, 12, 143 ; ix, 5, referred to,
i, 147, 165
67,69 Purmayaand, summon the
date of, ix, 67 smiths to Faridun, i, 158
canal of, ix, 69 go with Faridun against
Rustam advances to, ix, 73 Zahhak, i, 159
Kacâsta (Urumiah q.v.), lake, attempt to kill Faridun, i,
iv, 137 160
Kaf, mythical Mount Alburz Kai Arash, son of Kai Kubad,
q.v., ii, 83, 404 iv, 65,
; ii, 23, 204. 205
3, vi, ;
149 viii, ;
66 and note 197, 210, 228 viii, 216 ;
Kafur, king of Bidad, I4g, iii, 191 Kai Armin, son of Kai Kubad,
worsts the Iranians, iii, 244 ii, 3- 23
slain by Rustam, iii, 245 Kaid, Indian king, 759, 161, i,

Kahtan, desert of, i, 287 55 vi, 61, 83, 91 seq.,
;
Kahtan, the Arabic form of 112

Joktan, the progenitor of identical with Mandanes
the southern Arabs, vi, (Dandamis), vi, 62
65, 120 consults Mihran about his
Kai, meaning of, ii, 8 dreams, vi, 92 seq.
Kaian, Kaianian {see Kai), ii, 8, dreams of, interpreted by
9, 22, 404 5 seq., 9, ; iii, Mihran, vi, 94, seq.
14, 43, 67, 112, 147, 307, Four Wonders of, 159, vi,
318, 320, 328, 342 iv, ; 94, 97 and note, 99 seq.
5 seq., 24, 33, 35, 65, no, daughter, 759, vi, 94, 100,
127, 150, 166, 175, 234, 102, 104
260, 262, 269, 273, 279, described, vi, 100, 102,
285, 286, 289, 293, 308, 104
319, 324 ; V, 7 seq.. ID, married to Sikandar, vi,
47. 49, 52, 54, 57. 59, 60, 104
67 seq.. 73 seq.. 79, 86, 91, reference in Sikandar's
97, 122, 168 203, 210, Will to, vi, 182
223, 253, 254, 282, 288. cup, described, vi, 94,
289, 291, 311 ; vi, 9 seq., 100
17. 34. 48, 55. 57. 59, 81, principle of, explained,
112, 125, 141, 179, 180, vi, 109
194, 199. 200, 202, 210, leech, vi, 94, 101
223, 237 note ; viii, 65, prescribes for Sikandar,
216 vi, 107
dynasty, i, 49, 373 ; ii, 7 sage, vi, 94, 101
seq. ; iii, 5 seq. ; iv, 5 = Calanus, vi, 62
seq. ; v, 7 seq. ; vi, 9 seq. Sikandar's encounter of
genealogical table, ii, 3 wits with, vi, 62, 104
birth-mark, ii, 372 seq.
stature, ii, 375 explains the principle of
saying, iv, 33 the cup, vi, 109
GENERAL INDEX ^03
Kiiid, soiuls his I'oiir Wonders Kaidriish, wife of, vi, 66

ami utluT gifts to Si- taken with his wifi-, by
k.imlar, \ 103
i, Sikandar, vi, 125
revival of, in legem!, v i, 25O, brcjught with his wife before
2G6 Naitkiin, vi, 126
prophecy of, vi, 256, 257, 267 sentenced with his wife to
consulted by Ardshir Papa- death, vi, 126
k^n, vi, 266 pardoned with his wife, vi,
advice of, to Ardshir Papa- 126
kan, vi, 267, 273 gratitude of, vi, 127
Kaiddfa (Cilicia), vi, 294, 297 returns to Kaidafa, vi, 127
Kaidafa (Kandake, Candace q.v.), presents Naitkun (Sikan-
159. vi, 83, 121 scq.. 325 dar) to Kaidafa, vi, 127
obtains Sikandar's portrait. Kaihan. See Kaid.
vi, 122 K;u Kaiis, son of Kai Kubcid and
praised by Kabtiin to Sikan- Shah, 143-147. I5~, 153.
dar, vi, 122 i, 42, 338 ii. 3. 8 seq., 23
;
receives a letter from seq., 33 seq., 54 seq., 61

Sikandar, vi, 123 seq., 109, no, 127, 130,
answers Sikandar's letter, vi, 233. 243 seq., 264, 269
123 seq., 284,
-2^2), 286, 290,
welcomes Kaidriish on his 296, 301. 316. 318, 319,
return from captivity, vi, 335. 347. 361. 364, 371.
127 372. 383. 401 ; "i. 7. 9,
receives Naitkun (Sikandar) 13, 14, 20 seq., 24, 30, 45,
graciously, vi, 128 51, 84, 85, 88, 90, 93, 96,
state of, described, vi, 128, 113,145,147,166,174,236,
130, 133 238, 239. 289. 307, 327 ;
gives audiences to Naitkun iv, 13, 61, 129, 135. 136,
(Sikandar), vi, 12S seq. 162, 167 seq., 185, 191,

recognises Sikandar, vi, 129 199, 201, 203, 217, 218,
seq. 232 seq., 254, 256 seq., 269
hears Sikandar's embassage, seq., 278, 287, 289, 290,
vi, 129 292, 295 seq., 306, 310,
covenants of, with Sikandar, 314, 321 seq. ; V, 29, 30,
vi, 132, 138 116, 173, 174, 190, 203,
warns Sikandar against 207, 208, 210, 215, 216;
Tainiish, vi, 133 vii, 74, 107, 115; viii,
chides Tainiish, vi, 135 22, 104, 168, 270, 341 ix, ;
takes counsel with Sikandar 25

about Tainiish, vi, 135 Reign of, 143, ii, 25 seq.
approves of Sikandar's Notes on, ii, 25 seq., 79
scheme, vi, 137 seq., 118, 188 se^., 335
takes counsel with her Rustam, ii, 83
visits
nobles, vi, 139 tempted by divs, ii, 30 scq.,
gifts of, to Sikandar, vi, 140 82, 102 scq.
Sikandar's final message to, goes to Mount Kaf, ii, 83
vi, 143 defeats Afrasiyab and re-
Kaidriish (Kandaros, Candaules), gains fran, ii, 100
son of Kaidafa (Candace), makes Rustam paladin of
vi, 134. 135 paladins, ii, loi
294 GENERAL INDEX
Kai Kaiis, buildings of, on Kai Kaiis, requires Kai Ivhus-
Mount Alburz, ii, 8i, loi rau to swear vengeanc^
flying-machine of, ii, 103 on Afrasiyab, iii, 21
fall of, from the sky, ii, 104 ; welcomes Giv and hears
V, 174 his tidings of Kai Khus-
repentance of, ii, 105 rau, iv, 234
hears of Suhrab and sum- gives a feast, iv, 234
mons his chiefs, ii, 136 deals with the captives, iv,
seq. 235
bids Tus hang Rustam and proclaims the conquest of
Giv, ii, 143 Tiiran and Chin, iv, 236
apology of, to Rustam, ii, rewards Giv, iv, 236
147 sends Giv back with letter
encampment of, described, to Kai Khusrau, iv, 238
ii. 153 hears that Kai Khusrau is
overthrown by Suhrab, ii, returning and goes with
160 the nobles to welcome
refuses to cure Suhrab, ii, him, iv, 256
178 receives gifts from, and hears
attempts to console Rustam, the adventures of, Kai
ii, 181 Khusrau, iv, 257
marries the future mother of gives a feast in honour of
Siyawush, ii, 194 Kai Khusrau, iv, 257
receives Siyawush at court, counsels a pilgrimage to the
ii, 198 temple of Azargashasp,
bestows Kuhistanupon Siya- iv, 258
wush, ii, 199 Kai Khusrau and, hear from
conduct of, in the case of Giidarz of Hum's adven-
Siyawush and Sudaba, ii, ture with Afrasiyab, iv,
200 seq. 264
sends Siyawush to fight send for Garsiwaz and
Afrasiyab, ii, 225 put him to the torture,
rejects terms of peace and iv, 265
quarrels with Rustam, ii, make thanksgiving before
244 seq. Azargashasp, 269 iv,
hears of the defection of go in state to the temple
Siyawush, ii, 258 of Azargashasp, iv, 270
grief of, at the death of prays that he may die, iv,
Siyawush, ii, 337 270
hears of Kai Khusrau's •
obsequies of., iv, 271 "
arrival in Iran, ii, 395 treasure of, called The
"
receives Kai Khusrau, ii, Bride bestowed by Kai
397 Khusrau on Giv, Zal, and
rewards Giv, ii, 399 Rustam, iv, 295
provides for Farangis, ii, favour shown by I.uhrasp
399 to the grandsons of, iv,
arbitrates between Tus and 318, 321 seq.
Giidarz, ii, 403 seq. grandsons go with Zarir
of,
welcomes Kai Khusrau on to Rum, 360 iv,
his return from the hail Gushtasp as Shah, iv,
castle of Bahman, ii, 410 362
GENERAL INDEX 205
Kai Kai'is, Rustam's patent Kai Khusrau, tells his story to
from, v, 203 I\ai Kaiis, ii, 397
Kai Khusrau, son of Siyawush praises Giv to Kai Kaiis, ii,
and Farangis, Shah, 146- 398

154, 160, i, 42, 309 ii, ; goes to Istakhr, ii, 399
3. 9, 25. 104, 189, 190, 334 enthroned as Shah, ii, 400,
seq., 386 seq. ; iii, 13 seq., 411
47. 55. 57. 66, io6, 108, supported by Giidarz and
in seq., 132, 134, 166, opposed by Tiis, ii, 400
173. 175. i8(J. 191. 197. seq.
198, 202, 205, 211, 226, letter of, to the defenders of
228, 238 seq.. 249, 250, the castle of Bahman, ii,
271, 277, 285, 286, 289, 407
294 seq., 326 seq., 338, establishes Fire-worship at
353 se^. ; iv, T seq., 19, 21, the castle of Bahman, ii,
30, 31. 36, 56 seq., 65, 66, 409
71, 72, 76 seq.. 90, 99, pardons Tiis, ii, 410
115, 144 seq., 152, 153, Reign of, 147, iii, 7 seq.
237 seq., 262, 267 se^., Notes on, iii, 7 seq., 108,
317 seq., 319, 321 ; v, 10, 191, 271, 285 seq. : iv,
12, 21, 39, 173, 188, 203, 7. 135 seq.
204, 208, 215, 284, 289 ; last link with the Vedas,
vi, 79. 177 vii, 120, 173,
; iii, 7
359 viii, 148, 219. 270,
; longest in respect of sub-
332, 392 ix, 25, 103
; ject matter in the poem,
fravashi of, ii, 82 iii, 7
identical with Cyrus the divisions of, iii, 7
Great in legend, ii, 9, 190 episodes of, iii, 7
prophesies respecting, ii, 310, warlike character of, iii,
372, 390 8
birth of, ii, 325 seq. subject-matter of, iii, 8
account of youth of, ii, accession of, iii, 17
328 seq. goes on a hunting expedi-
questioned by Afrasiyab, ii, tion, iii, 19
332 to the temple of Azar-
dwells at Siydwushgird, ii, gashasp, iii, 20
333 swears to take vengeance on
sent to Khutan, ii, 356 Afrasiyab, iii, 21
Machin, ii, 357 note prepares for war, iii, 23
described by Suriish, ii, 363 seq.
Giidarz sends Giv to seek, offers reward for the head
ii, 364 seq. of l'alash4n, iii, 26
recalled, ii, 370 crown of Tazhav, 27 iii,
found by Giv, ii, 370 slave of Tazhav, 27 iii,
birth-mark of, ii, 372, iii, head of Tazhav, iii, 28

49 note burning the barricade at
saves Pirdn's life, ii, 387 the Kasa riid, iii, 28
at the Ji'hun, ii, 391 seq. going on an embassage to
arrives at Zam, ii, 394 Afrasiydb, iii, 29
visits Giidarz at Ispahan, warns Tiis to avoid Kaidt,
ii. 396 iii, 39
295 GENERAL INDEX
Kai Khusrau, hears of the death Kai Khusrau sends Giv to sum-
of Farud and of the defeat mon Rustam, iii, 319
of the Iranians, iii, 84 sends the host to meet
wratli of, with Tiis, iii, 84 Rustam, iii, 327
seq.. Ill
welcomes Rustam, iii, 328
writes to Fariburz, iii, 84 jewelled tree of, iii, 329
disgraces Tus, iii, 86 requests Rustam to rescue
imprisons Tus,
iii, 87 Bizhan, iii, 330
releases Gurgin at Rustam's
pardons Tus and the fran-
ians, 114
iii, request, iii, 333
hears of the peril of the equips Rustam for his quest
Iranians on Mount Ham4- of Bizhan, iii, 333
wan and summons Rus- welcomes Rustam on his
tam, iii, 142 seq. return, iii, 354

sends Rustam to succour rewards Rustam and his
the Iranians, iii, 145 comrades, iii, 356
furthers the suit of Fari- holds converse with Bizhan,
burz to Farangis, iii, iii, 356
147 gives gifts to Manizha, iii,
hears of Rustam's victory, 356

iii, 239 hears that the Turanians
disposes of the captives and are invading Iran, iv, 12
spoil, iii, 240 summons his paladins, iv, 13
sends gifts to Rustam and host, iv, 14
the host, iii, 241 sends Rustam to Hindustan,
goes to meet Rustam on his iv, 14
return in triumph, iii, Luhrasp to the Alans,
267 iv, 14
gives a feast to the chiefs, Ashkash to Kharazm, iv,
268
iii, 15
rewards Rustam, iii, 269 Gudarz to Turan, iv, 15
holds a court and hears of orders Gudarz to negotiate
the doings of the div with Piran, iv, 15
Akwan, iii, 273 receives letter from Gudarz,
writes to summon Rustam, iv, 58
iii, 274 rewards Hajir, the bearer,
g les to welcome Rustam on iv, 58
his return from slaying prays for victory, iv, 58
the div Akwan, iii, 282 sends Hajir with answer,
rewards Rustam, iii, 283 iv, 61
hears at a feast of the case leads a host to aid Gudarz,
of the Irmanians, iii, 289 iv, 62
calls for volunteers,
iii, 291 referred to, iv, 85
sends Bi'zhan and Gurgin to presage of, that Piran would
Irnian, iii, 292 be slain by Gudarz, iv, S^,
comforts Giv for the loss 88
of Bizhan, in, 315, 318 reaches Gudarz, iv, iii, 126
imprisons Gurgin, iii, 317 receives Gudarz and the
126
promises Giv to consult the other champions, iv,
divining-cup about Biz- Gurwi brought by Giv

han, iii, 317 before, iv, 127
GESERAL INDEX 297
Kimsrau, lainonts uvcr K':ii Klnisrau, sends Karan with
I'iraii, iv, 127 a reply to Sliida, iv, i().S
buries Pirau and the Tur- arms to fight witli Sliida,
anian ohani[)i()ns, iv, 128 iv, 171
puts Cuirwi to deatli, iv, 1^9 makes Ruhham his stand-
rewards the host, iv, 129 ard-bearer, iv, 171
gives Ispahan to Gudarz, sends instructions to the
iv, 129 host, iv, 171
pardons the Turanian host, parley of, with Shida, iv,
iv, 131 172
amulet of, iv, 133 accepts Shida's challenge
healsGustaham, iv, 133 to a wrestling-bout, iv,
summons reinforcements, 175
iv, 145
134, gives Ruhham charge of his
Great War of with Afrasiyab,
, steed, iv, 175
152, iv, 135 seq. wrestles and overthrows
exemption of, from death, Shi'da, iv, i
75
iv, 138 instructs Ruhham to bury
recalls the troops under Shida, iv, 176
/ Luhrasp, Kustam, and spares the life of Shida's
Ashkasli, iv, 145 interpreter and bids him
stations Tiis on his right return to Afrasiyab with
with Kawa's standard, iv, tidings, iv, 176
146 prays for vengeance on, and
gives the right wing to Rus- attacks, Afrasiyab, iv, 178
tam, iv, 147 bids Shammakh attack, iv,
left wing to Gudarz, iv, 180
147 attacks with Rustam from
commands to various the centre, iv, 180
chiefs, iv,149 148, fights with Ustukila, fla and
hears of Afrasiyab's passage Burzuyala, iv, 182
of the Jihiin, iv, 157 returns to camp, iv, 183
sends troops to the aid of hears of Afrisiyab's retreat,
Gustaham, son of Nau- iv, 184
dar, at Balkh, iv,
157 offers praise to
God, iv, 184
Ashkash with a host to pursues Afrasiyab, iv, 185
Zam, iv, 157 seq.
marches to Kharazm, iv, 157 marches to Sughd, iv, 188
surveys the seat of war and hears tidings of Afrasiyab,
entrenches the host, iv, iv, 188
157 sends Gustaham, son of
Shida's embassage to, iv, 161 Naudar, to Chacli, iv, 188
sends Karan to welcome Rustam to encounter
Sliida, iv, 165 Tawurg, iv, 188
proposes to figlit in single marches from Sughd and
combat, iv, 166 reduces the Turkman
rejects the frdnians' sug- strongholds, iv, 189
gestions of a peace, iv, to the Ciulzaryun, iv, 189
167 commands the centre, iv,
accejjts Shi'da's challenge, 191
iv, 168, 169 prays for victory, iv, 191
298 GENERAL INDEX
Kai Khusrau, hears of the defeat Kai Khusrau, repulses Afrasi-
of Kurakhaii by Gusta- yab's night-attack, iv, 225
ham, son of Naudar, iv, defeats Afrasiyab, iv, 227
193 receives the submission of
hears of Rustam's defeat Afrasiyab's army, iv, 228
ofTawurg, iv, 193 gives a feast, iv, 228
warns Rustam to beware of offers praise to God, iv, 228
Afrasiyab, iv, 194 returns to Gang-bihisht, iv,
plunders the camp of, and 228
pursues, Afrasiyab, iv, accepts the submission of the
195 Khan and Faghfiir, iv, 229
besieges Gang-bihisht, iv, resolves to pursue Afra-
198, 208 seq. siyab to Gang-dizh, iv,
converses with Rustam, iv, 231
198, 199, 222 plan of, opposed by the host,
receives Jahn in audience, iv, 231
iv, 200 supported by Rustam, iv,
decUnes Afrasiydb's pro- 231
posals for peace, iv, 207 agreed to by the host, iv,
with Rustam, Gustaham 232
son of Naudar, and Gii- sends Giv with Afrasiyab's
darz, assails Gang-bihisht captive kindred to Kai
on all sides, iv, 208 seq. Kaiis, iv, 232 seq.
prays for victory, iv, 208 leaves Gustaham, son of
takes Gang-bihisht by storm, Naudar, in command at
iv, 2og seq. Gang-bihisht and marches
searches vainly for Afra- to Chin, iv, 238
siyab, iv, 212 demands facilities from the
gives the spoil of Gang- Khan, the Faghfiir, and
bihisht to the troops, iv, the king of Makran, iv,
217 238
grants quarter to the Turk- marches through Khutan,
mans and assumes the iv, 240
government of Turan, iv, welcomed by the Faghfiir
217 and the Khan of Chin, iv,
dwells for a while at Gang- 240
bihisht, iv, 218 stays three months in Chin,
leaves Giidarz and Farhad iv, 241
at Gang-bihisht, iv, 219 leaves Rustam in Chin and
marches against Afrasiyab, marches to IVIakran, iv,
iv, 220 241
rejects Afrasiyab's over- sends an embassy to the
tures, iv, 223 king of Makran, iv, 241
fight a general engagement gives honourable burial to
against Afrdsiydb, iv, 223, the king of Makran, iv,
226 243
entrenches his troops and stops the pillage of Makrcin,
prepares with Tiis and iv, 243
Rustam for a
night-at- stays a year in Makran, iv,
tack from Afrasiyab, iv, 244
224 makes ready a fleet, iv, 244
GENERAL INDEX >99
Kai Kluisrau, leaves Ashkash as Kai Khusrau, prays for satis-
governor and marches to faction on Afrasiyab, iv,
the desert, iv, z\\ 253
voyage of, iv, J45 dwells for a year in Gang-
wonders of, iv, 245 bihisht, iv, 254
lands, iv, 246 desires to return to Kai
appoints Giv governor, iv, Kcius, iv, 254
246 leaves Gustaham, son of
receives the submission of Naudar, as viceroy, iv,
the chiefs, iv, 247 254
seeks for tidings of Gang- carries off treasure from
dizh and of Afrasiyab, iv, Chin and Makran, iv, 254
247 arrives at Chach, iv, 255
marches to Gang-dizh, iv, Sughd, iv, 255
247 met by Khuzan and Tali-
forbids his troops to injure man, iv, 255
Gang-dizh, iv, 247 makes offerings to the Fire-
enters Gang-dizh, iv, 248 temple at Bukhara, iv,
searches for Afrasiyab, iv, 255
248 crosses the Jihun, iv, 255
remains a year at Gang-dizh, arrives at Balkh, iv, 255
iv, 249 welcomed everywhere by
urged by his paladins to the people, iv, 255
return to Iran, iv, 249 goes by Talikan, the Marv-
appoints a governor for riid,Nishapur, and Dam-
Gang-dizh, iv, 249 aghan to Rai, iv, 255
distributes treasures at stays two weeks at Kai, iv,
Gang-dizh, iv, 250 256
marches seaward from Gang- announces his approach to
dizh, iv, 250 Kai Kaus, iv, 256
welcomed by Giv, iv, 250 goes to Baghdad and thence
crosses the sea to Makran, to Pars, iv, 256
iv, 251 reception of, by Kai Kaus,
welcomed in Makran by Ash- iv, 256
kash and the chiefs, iv, presents gifts, and tells his
251 adventures, to Kai Kaiis,
appoints a governor for iv. 257
Makran, iv, 251 has a feast given in his
marches to Chin, iv, 251 honour by Kai Kaus, iv,
welcomed by Kustam, iv, 257
251 rewards the troops, iv, 258
confirms the Faghfiir and takes counsel with Kai Kdus
Khan in the possession of concerning Afrasiyab, iv,
Machin and Chin, iv, 252 258
goes with Rustani to Siya- goes with Kai Kaus on a pil-
wushgird, iv, 252 grimage to the temple of
rewards Kustam and Giv, Azargashasp, iv, 25S
iv, 252 Kai Kaus and, hear from
welcomed by Gustaham, son Giidarz of Hum's adven-
of Naudar, iv, 252 ture with Afrdsiyab, iv,
goes to Gang-bihisht, iv, 253 264
300 GENERAL INDEX
Kai Khiisrau.and Kai Kaus, send Kai Khusrau, treasure of, dis-
for Garsiwaz, and put him posal 294
of, iv,
to the torture, iv, 265 found by Sikandar, 160,
shiys Afrasiyab, iv, 26S vi, 176
Garsiwaz, iv, 269 charge of, to Giidarz, iv, 294
Kai Kaus and, make thanks- gifts of, to Giv, Zal, and
giving before Azargash- Rustam, iv, 295
asp, iv, 269 Gustaham, iv, 295
treasurer of, makes gifts to Giidarz, iv, 295
Azargashasp, iv, 269 Fariburz, iv, 295
sends letters announcing Bizhan, iv, 295
his triumph to all the Zal's companions, iv, 297
chiefs, iv, 270 confirms Rustam in pos-
holds festival and bestows session of Nimruz, iv, 297 ;
treasure, iv, 270 V, 203

goes with Kai Kaiis in state bestows Kum and Ispahan
to the temple of Azar- on Giv, iv,298
gashasp, iv, 270 confirms the charge of
performs the obsequies of Kawa's flag, and gives
Kai Kaus, iv, 271 Khurasan, to Tus, iv, 300
assumes the crown as sole summons and crowns Luh-
Shah, iv, 272 rasp, iv, 300
becomes world-weary, iv, Zal's protest to, against
272 Luhrasp's succession to,
closes his court and with- Iv, 301
draws to his oratory, iv justifies his choice of Luh-
274 rasp, iv, 301
prays that he may be taken takes leave of the franians,
from the world, iv, 274 iv, 303
passes a week in prayer, iv, women of, lament for him,
274, 279 iv, 304
remonstrated with by the commends his women to the
nobles, iv, 275, 279 honour of Luhrasp, iv, 305
replies to the nobles, iv, 276 dismisses the Iranians, iv,
279 305
passes five weeks in prayer, counsels Luhrasp, iv, 305
iv, 280 bids Luhrasp farewell, iv,
hears from Suriish that his 306
prayer is granted, iv, sets forthon his pilgrimage
280 with some of his chiefs,
bidden to appoint Luhrasp iv, 306
as his successor, iv, 281 Indian parallel, iv, 138
puts off his royal robes, iv, again appealed to by the
281 franians, iv, 306
receives Zal, Rustam, and reply of, iv, 307
others in audience, iv, 283 bids his chiefs return, iv, 307
seq. rests with his remaining
pardons Zal, iv, 291 chiefs by a spring, iv, 307
orders an assembly to be prepares for his passing, iv,
held on the plain, iv, 308
291 farewells his chiefs, iv, 30S
CKXERir. i\i)r:x 301
Kai Khusrau, warns his chiefs Kaiwan, calculates the arrears of
of the coming of the snow, taxes, vii, 1 1
iv, 308 Kakula, Turanian hero, iv, 188

disappears, iv, 308 reinforces Afrisiydb, iv, 188
Kai Kubad, Shah and founder Kdkwi ((/. Karkwi), grandson of
of the Kaianian dynasty, Zahhak, 141, i, 226
142, i, 42, 373, 374 ii, 3, ; attacks the Iranians, i, 225
8, 12, 14, 16, 18 seq., 26, defeated and slain by Minii-
33. 37. 87, 143,
34. 36. chihr, i, 227
144, 249, 260, 270, 274, Kalahur, warrior of Mdzandaran,
3^7. 336. 363. 390, 394 ; ii, 67
iii, 34, 49, 51. 57, 144 ; tries a handgrip with Rus-
iv. 35. 70. 149. 16S, 201, tam, ii, 07
283, 298, 302 174, ; V, Kalat, stronghold, iii, 39 ix, 91 ;
180. 188, 189, 205, 202, home of Farud, iii, 39

210, 221, 272 vi, 197,;
Kai Khusrau bids Tus to
210 ; vii, 37, 74, 115, 120, avoid, iii, 39
173 ; viii, 89, 170, 260. Tiis marches
to, iii, 40
270, 310, 332 ix, 25 ; captured by the Iranians,
brought by Rustam from iii, 66
Mount Alburz, i, 382 seq. Kalat-i-Nadiri, stronghold, ii,
tells his dream to Rustam, 189 ; iii, 14

i. 385 described, iii, 14
accepted by Zal and the Kale (Nereis), daughter of Alex-
other chiefs as Shah, i, 387 ander in the Pseudo-Cal-
Reign of, 142, ii, 1 1 listhenes, vi, 77
Note on, ii, 11 Andreas, the cook, and,
origin of, ii, 1 1 and tiote legend of, vi, 77
makes peace with Afra- Kalila and Dimna, Book of, 769.
siyab, ii, 20 See Fables of Bidpai.
gifts of, to Zal and Rustam, Kaliniyus (Nicephorium, Callini-
ii, 21 cus, Wari'gh q.v., Rakka),
descendants of, commanded city situated at the junc-
by Dilafruz, stationed on tion of the Belikh and the
Kai Khusrau's left hand, Euphrates, i6y, viii, 188
iv, 147 taken by Niishirwan, vii,
Kai Manush, vi, 200 218, 257
Kai Pasliln, son of Kai Kubdd, Kalu, mountain in Turan, ii, 328'
ii, 3, 23, 204, 205 ; iv, Piran sends Kai Khusrau
302 to be brought up on, ii,
Kais, Arab chief, entertains 328
Khusrau Parwiz, viii, goes to see Kai Khusrau
250 at, ii, 329
Kaiser Friedrich Museum, viii, Kalus, Ruman chief, iv, 356
192 sent as envoy to Ilyas, iv,
Kait. See Kaid. 352. 358
Kai Ugf, vi, 200 laihrasp, iv, 357
Kaiwan, franian statistician, vii, entertained by Luhrasp, iv,
1 1
357
' " Kalur "

Misprinted
302 GENERAL INDEX
Kalus, describes Gushtasp to Kangha (Kharazm q.v.), country,
Luhrasp, iv, 358 ii, 189, 190
dismissed with honour, iv, Kangde? (Gang-dizh q.v.),
359 stronghold, ii, 189, 190

Kamus, Turanian hero, 148, 149, Kanir. See Tainush.
107, 151, 152, 161,
iii, 162, Kannuj (Kanauj), city near the
164 seq., 168 seq., 172, 176, west bank of the Ganges
in the division of Agra in
178, 181 seq., 200, 207,
209, 213, 216,
224, 229, the United Provinces of
232. 241, 242, 251,
235, British India, i, 261, 357 ;
252, 268, 269

256, iv, ; iii, 35 278, 283, 284
; iv, ;
297 V, 167, 199, 220

; V, 257 vi, 64, 207, 352
; ;
Story of, of Kashan, 148, iii, vii, 115, 119, 123, 128,
108 seq. 129, 134, 137, 3''^5, 3^^.
Firdausi on, iii, 269 390. 393. 425
comes to the aid of Piran, conquest of, by Mahmud,
iii, 151 i, 99, 100 and note.
plan of campaign of, 113
adopted, iii, 162 Sikandar reaches, vi, no
leads the attack, iii, 168 river of, vii, 112 and note,
hears of the coming of Rus- 390
tam, 175
iii,
monarch of = Shangul, vii,
Rustam described by Piran 140

to, iii, 183 Bahram Gur appointed heir
challenges Rustam, iii, 187 to, vii, 143

parleys with Rustam, iii, 188 Karabagh (Arran), district north
fights, and is taken prisoner of the Aras, i, 9
by, Rustam, iii, 1S9 seat of primitive Fire-wor-
end of, iii, 190 ship, i, 56
Kanabad, mountain, part of the Karakh-Maishan, town built on
Binalud range north of the lower Tigris by Ardshir
Nishapur in Khurasan. Papakan, vi, 199, 291
The name may be preserved noie
in the modern Gunabad, Karan, son of Kawa, franian
a village to the north of hero and the mythical
that range, iv, 23, 37, 47, progenitor of a family
48, 51. 55. 56, 76, 88, 112 famous in Ashkanian
occupied by Piran, iv, 22 times, 141, i, 207, 211, 214
Kand. See Kaid. seq., 344. 345. 3^5 ". ;
Kanda Gashasp, Iranian war- II seq., 18, 22, 119 ; iii.
rior, viii, 103, 122, 163 9; iv, 14G ; vi, 194;

speech of, viii, 166 viii, 168 ix, 85 ;
Kandahar, city in southern takes the Castle of the

Afghanistan, i, 286 iv,
; Alans, i, 223 seq.
65 V, 233 note
; reports his success to Mini'i-
Kandake (Candace q.v., Kaidafa chihr, i, 225
q.v.), 66 vi, commands Naudar's host,
Kandaros. See Kaidrush. i. 345
Kandaules. See Kaidrush. tells of his encounter with
Kand-i-Shapiir. See Gund-i- Afrasiyab, i, 350
Shapiir. counsels Naudar, i, 353
GENERAL IXlJliX 3"3
Karan, son of Kawa,
with KarimAn. Iranian and groat-hert)
Shidi'ish and Kishwad, pur- great-grandfather of Kus-
sues Kurakhan, i, 354 tam, ii, 4, i_'5and note,
defeats and slays BdrniAn, V, 202
354
i. KdristAn, viii, 188
defeats Wisa, i, 357 Karkh, suburb of Baghdad, iv,
meets and defeats Shama- 147 ; ix, 85
sis, i. 361 Arab defeat at, ix, 85
bears to Zav the news of Karkh = Khurram Ab4d (?), vi,
his election as Shah, i, 3-'7
370 Karkwi {cf. Kakwi), a descend-
re-appearance of, in legend, ant of Zahhak, i, 290

iv, 135, 146 attacks Sam, i, 290
made champion of the host, slain by Sam, i, 291
iv 149 Karma'il and Irma'il, Zahhak 's
sent by Kai Khusrau to cooks, 140
welcome Shi'da, iv, 165 device of, i, 146
bears Kai Khusrau's answer Karnamak - i - Ardshir - i
-
to Shida, iv, 168 Pipakan, Pahlavi text,

opposes and defeats Jahn, vi, 14 note, 61, 198, 301,
iv, 178 325 vii, 380
;
family, of, vii, 171 account of, vi, 195

glorification of, vii, 170 resembles Yatkar-i-Zari-
origin of, vii, 185 . ran, vi, 196
rivalry of, with Mihran, purport of, vi, 196
vii, 185 portion of Shahnama cor-
Karan, mountain, the name responding with, vi, 196
given from the above compared with, vi, 200
hero to part of the Al- seq., 205 seq., 255 seq.
burz range which lies Firdausi and, vi, 196
between Mount Dami- polo episode in, vi, 196
wand and Amul and Karnapr.ivaram :s, vi, 80
formed his principality, Karpan (Karap q.v.), v, 14
and that of his descend- Karsan, viii, 188, 232
ants as late as and after gates of, shut against Khus-
the Muhammadan con- rau Parwi'z, viii, 252
quest, V, 112 walls of, fall down, viii, 253
Karan, Iranian chief, tonp. Yaz- Khusrau Parwiz stays at,
dagird, son of Shapiir and viii, 253
Bahram Gur, vi, 394 ; Karshipta, mythical bird, i, 235
vii, 86, 90 Karsiyun, Turanian hero, iv, 10
Karan, mountain-chief, viii, Karun, mountain. See Karan.
189 Kariin, river joining the Shat al
Karap (Karpan), v, 17 Arab at its delta, vi, igg
meaning of, v, 14 note
Kara su, river, v, 14 dam on, vi, 295
Karaz, viii, 252 and note. Kdsa rud (Kashaf q.v.), river,
Kargascirs, a wild tribe, i, 253 147, iii, 28, 68, 69, 71. 72.
and note, 277, 279, 286, 82, 105 iv, 90 ;
290, 294, 298, 319, 340 ;

barricade at the, iii, 29
ii, 98; iii, 318 bi^rnt by Civ, iii, 73
304 GENERAL INDEX
Kashaf (Kasa riid q.v.), river in Katayun, eldest daughter of
north-eastern Khurasan, Caesar, iv, 348
i, 235, 296 Story of, 154, iv, 329. seq
story of the dragon of, i, 296 marriage of, iv, 329 seq.
seq. dreams of Gushtasp, iv, 329
Kashan (Kasan, town in Farg- sees and chooses Gushtasp
hana, north of the Jax- for her husband, iv, 330
artcs ?), iii, 108, 151, 170, marries Gushtasp, iv, 331
177, 180, 181, 188, 192, sells a jewel, iv, 332
204, 207, 224, 237, 242 ;

discovers that Gushtasp is
iv, 189 V, 39 vii, 331,
; ;
of royal race, iv, 340
334 persuades Gushtasp to go
Kamiis of, Story of, 14S, iii to the Sports on Caesar's
108 seq. riding-ground, iv, 349
in Turan, iii, 108 Caesar reproached by Gush-
in fran, iii, 109 tasp for his unkindness to,
man of=Kamus, iii, 189 iv, 350
Kashan, city between Ispahan reconciled to Caesar, iv, 351
and Kum, iii, 109 referred to, iv, 358
Kashmar. See Kishmar. receives gifts from Caesar, iv,
Kashmigan, son of Farrukhzad, 363
ix, 92 goes to Iran with Gush-
Kashmihan, place north-east of tasp, iv, 364
Marv, vii, 89 sons of, v, 32
Bahram Gur's victory at, counsels Asfandiyar, v, 168,
vii, 90 175
Siifarai's victory at, vii, 170 ancestry of, v, 205
note, 176 Asfandiyar's last message
Kashmir, country, i, 113 ii, 271, ; to, v, 249
338 iii, 35. 152,237,251
; ; laments over Asfandiyar, v,
iv, 14, 60, 65 ; V, 263 ; 252
395, 396, 421
vii, consoled by Bishiitan, v, 255
king of, vi, 31 Katib, Arab chief, vi, 21, 65, 120
monarch of, entertained by Katmara, Iranian hero, iv, 92
Bahram Giir, vii, 140 seq. put in command of the right
Kastantaniya (Constantinople), wing, iv, 92
viii, 265 Kaus, Shah. SeeKai Kaus.
Kastarit. See Kyaxares. brand-mark of, iii, 291
Kaswin. See Kazwin. Kaus, son of Shah Kubad, vii,
Kat (Ivath), one of the two 316
capitals of Kharazm Kavarazem (Gurazm q.v.), v,
12
(Gurganj being the other) Kavi (Kai), ii, 8

situated on the right Usa, ii, 25
bank of the Oxus, iii, 152 Kavi (Kavig), v, 14
Katayi'in (Nahid), daughter of Kavig (Kavi), v, 17
Caesar, wife of Gushtasp, meaning of, v, 14
and mother of Asfandiyar, Kavi Husravah (Kai Khusrau
154. I5^K ii, 3 ; iv, 34^ ; q. v.), iv, 137, 138
V, II, 253 Kdvya Ushana (Kai Kaus, q. v.)
referred to, i, 55 ; v, 205, ii, 25
252 Kavyan (Kaian), ii, 3
249.
GENERAL INDEX 3^5
Kawa, the smith, 140, i, 155 seq., Khdlid, recalled to lead Syrian
207, 214 ; iv, 165, 178 ;
campaign, iv, 66
vii, 185 ; viii, 72 ; ix, 30 Khallukh (c/. Khalaj), iv, 10,
Zahh4kand, Story of, 140, i, 156; v. 42, 44, 55. 61, 74,
154 seq. 90, 107, 112, 157, 242, 255
revolts and goes to Faridun, Khdn of Chin, the, temp. Kai
i. 157 Kai'is, ii, 383
leads I'aridun's van, i, 160 temp. Kai Khusrau, 148, 149,
flag of, i, 143, 160. 211, 217, iii, 108, 160 seq., 164 seq.,
218, 237, 332 ii, 12, 227, ; 172, 175 seq., 181, 184,
341. 349. 354. 400, 402, 1S7, igoseq., 196, igSseq.,
405, 406, 410 iii, 25, 38, ; 205, 207 seq., 215, 217, 221
39, 48, 84, 85, 116, 121, 222, 226 seq., 235, 241,
126, 129, 135 seq., 149. 242, 251, 252, 256, 268,
161 iv, 24, 25, 34, 55,
; 320 ; iv, 60, 135, 2385^5. ;
59, 92, 112, 146, 180, 226, V, 199, 220

243, 282, 292, 359 ; vi, Khan of Chin =
Arj asp, v, 47, 51,
347 ; vii, 250 ; viii, 385 ; 72
ix, 30, 67 temp. Sikandar, ambassadors
origin of,i, 157 from, come to Dara, vi, 35
Bizhan's prowess with, iii, temp. Bahram Gur, 165, vii,
93 49, 91. 93. 97. loi, I"
half of, taken by Piran, invades Iran, vii, 84
iii, 94 responds graciously to the
staff of, cloven by Piilad- franians' embassage, vii,
wand, iii, 258 88
Tiis confirmed in charge gives himself up to pleasure
of, by Kai Khusrau, iv, at Marv, vii, 88
300 fate of, in war Aîth Bahram
rescued by Gira.mi,v, 59,69 90
Giir, vii, 5,
Kawian, standard, i, 211 crown placed in a Fire-
of,
Kazirim, town west of Shiraz, vi, temple, vii, 95
199 Khushnawaz, son of, vii,
Kazwi'n, city north-west of Tih- 165
ran, v, 30 temp. Nushirwan, 16S, vii, 1S6,
Kerdtor. See Tainiish. 328 seq. ; viii, 43, 52, 87,
Keresasp, Keresaspa, Iranian 89, 97 5^^.
hero,
234, 235, 373
i, ii, 4 ;
daughter of, married to
account of, in the Zanda- Nushirwan, 16S, vii, 213,
vasta, i, 172 357
later development of, i, 174 historically ruler of the
Kcresavasda (Garsiwaz q.v.), ii, Turks, 317 vii,
1S9 ; iv, 137 relations of, with Nushir-
Khalaj (Kharlikh), a Turkish wdn, vii, 88
tribe dwelling north of the the Haitalians, vii, 317,
Jaxartcs and cast of 328 seq.
Tdshkand, vii, 92 embassy of, to Niishirwdn,
Khalid, famous Arab general vii, 329
temp. Muhammad, v, I2 hears of the destruction of
begins hostilities against his embassy by the Hai-
Persian Empire, ix, 66 tdlians, vii, 330
VOL. IX. u
3o6 GENERAL INDEX
Khan of Chin, leads forth his Khan of Chin, marriage of
troops, vii, 330 daughter of, with Nushir-
defeats the Haitahans, vii, wan referred to, viii, 72
332 letter of, viii, 77
Nushirwan takes counsel dismissed by Hurmuzd with
about, vii, 333, 334 gifts, 152
viii,
descent of, from Afrasiyab refuses advances of Bahram
and Arjasp, vii, 334, Chiibiiia, 153 viii,
Nushirwan writes to, vii, becomes friends with Bah-
337 ram Chubina, viii, 172
purposes to invade Iran, vii, brother of, 173, viii, 190, 191
337 reports flight of Curdya,
hears of Nushirwan's ad- viii, 351
vance, vii, 338 ordered to go in puisuit,
takes counsel, vii, 338 viii, 331
sends embassy to Nushir- parley of, with Giirdya,
wan, vii, 339 viii, 3.52
hears his envoy's account daughter of, viii, 190
of Nushirwan, vii, 344 killed by lion-ape, 173,
offers to make affinity with viii, 322, 324
Nushirwan, vii, 345 queen of, viii, 190
attempts to outwit Nushir- asksBahram Chubina to
wan, vii, 351 avenge her daughter, viii,
gives audience to Mihran 324
Sitad, vii, 351 disgraced, viii, 344
invites Mihran Sitad to welcomes Bahram Chubina,
choose a wife for Nushir- viii, 316
wan, vii, 352 swears friendship with Bah-
consults the astrologers, vii, ram Chubina, viii, 317
354 dominated by Makatiira,
entrusts his daughter to viii, 317
Mihran Sitad, vii, 354 advised by Bahram Chubina
gives presents to Mihran to slight Makatiira, viii,
Sitad, vii, 356 318
parts with his daughter at views fight between Bahram
the Jihiin, vii, 356 Chubina and Makatiira,
daughter of, 16S viii, 320
described, vii, 352, 357 sends gifts to Bahram Chu-
evacuates territory, vii, bina, viii, 321
358 refuses to give up Bahram
Khan of Chin {see too Parmuda), Chubina, viii, 329
temp, Hurmuzd, Khusrau distrust Bahr4m Chu-
I'arwiz, and Yazdagird, bina, viii, 334
171. 173, viii, 141 seq., impress of seal of, obtained
190, lyi, 204, 215, 220, by Kharrad, viii, 338
263 seq., 306, 316 seq., burns Kuliin's kindred, viii,
342 seq., 346 seq., 351, 334
352. 356, 357. 3(>3 ; ix, seeks in vain for Ivharrad,
87, 102 viii, 344
supposed war of, with Hur- mourns for P.ahram Chu-
muzd, viii, 72 bina, viii, 344
GENERAL ISDEX 307
Khan of Chin, brother of, 77J Kharrad, son of Barzin (Hur-
= Bizhan, ix, 97 muzd Gan'ibzin or Galab-
Kh^nagf, Ruman noble, viii, 375, zin), iyi-iy3, viii, 74, 76,
378 iSSseq., 205, 225, 257 seq..
leads Cajsar's embassy to 269, 270, 331 scq., 381 ;
Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 374 ix, 4, II, 12, 24

Khusrau Parwiz' gifts to, sent by Hurmuzd as envoy
viii, 382 to S4wa, viii, no
returns to Rum, viii, 382 beguiles S4wa and flees, viii,
Khin-i-lrman (Arman q.v.), iii, III
290 flight of, reported to Sawa,
Khanjast (Chijast, Urumiah), viii,112
lake in Azarbaijan, iv, counsels Bahram Chubina,
136, 2O4 ; viii, 282 viii, 121
Khar (Khuvar) of Rai, district seeks, refuge, viii, 123
and town (now Aradun), counts Iranian slain, viii,
so called to
distinguish 127
it from a town of the same blames and counsels Bahram
name in Pars, situated Chubina for his behaviour
south-east of Tihran, i, to Parmuda, viii, 144,
368, 374, 381 146
Kharazm (Khiva), country, ii, questions Bahram Chubina
189, 190 iv, II, 12, 15,
; on his adventure with the
60, 61, 72, 137, 173, 186, onrger, viii, 15S
287 vi, 72
; vii, 238, ;
flees from Balkk with arch-
359 scribe, viii, 159
Kharazmians, people, ii, 190 ; makes report of Bahram
vi, 72 Chubina to Hurmuzd, viii,
Kharijites, Muhammadan sect, i, 160
13 real name of, viii, 190
Kharrad, Iranian hero, i, 365 ; waits on Khusrau Parwiz,
ii. II, 22, 33, 73, 340; viii, 252
iii, 115. 127, 139, 211, speech of, to Caesar, viii, 259,
273, 289 iv, 15 ; 275
Kharrad, nonce name assumed masters Caesar's talismans,
by Asfandiydr, v, 146, viii, 274, 275
140 Ca^sar's gift to, viii, 278

Kharrad, temp. Ardshir Papa- praised by Ca\sar, viii, 279
kdn, Iranian warrior, 161, made chief minister, viii, 314
vi, 284 speech of, to Khcin, viii, 332
takes Ardawcin prisoner, vi, attempts to prejudice Bah-
228 ram Chubina to the Kh^n,
temp. Bahrim Gur, frdnian viii, 333
chief, vii, 85 intrigues against BahrAm
temp. Kubid son of Piruz, Chubina, viii, 334 secj.
archimage, vii, 207 cures daughter of queen of
temp. Nushirwin = (?) the Chin, viii, 336
above, vii, 251 incites Kulun to kill Bahram
Kharrad. sacred Fire, vi, 212 Chubina, viii, 337
and note, 226, 391 asks boon of queen of Chin,
Kharrad. bower of, vii, 83 viii, 33'"^
3o8 GENERAL INDEX
Kharrad, returns to fran and is Khazarwan parleyed with by
rewarded, viii, 345 Mihrab to gain time, i,
reads out Caesar's letter to 358

Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 376 slain by Zal, i, 360 ii, 18 ;
end of, ix, 4 Khazarwan, temp. Bahram Giir,

chosen to visit Khusrau king of Gilan, vii, 85
Parwiz at Taisafun, ix, 9 takes the Khan prisoner,
Ashtad and, parley with vii, 90
Galiniish, ix, 1 1 Khazarwan, franian noble, temp.
visit Khusrau Parwiz, ix, Khusrau Parwiz, speech
12 of, viii, 241
report to Shirwi, ix, 27 Khazra, treasure, viii, 406 and
Kharrad, franian general, de- note
feats Khazars, viii, 96 Khilafat, the, i, 12 seq.
Kharrad, father of Hurmuzd, ix, Khil'at, robe of honour, i, 82
102 Khir, place on the south-western
Khashash, Turanian hero, v, 47 shore of Lake Niris in
made leader of the van, v, Pars, vi, 198
46 Khisr (Al Khidr, q.v.), chief and
Khata (Cathay), northern China, prophet, vi, 159
ii. 357 goes with Sikandar to the
Khatlan (Khuttal), a general Gloom, vi, 159
name for the non-Muham- parts company with Sikan-
madan regions to the dar, vi, 160
north and east of Khura- finds the Fount of Life, vi,
san (
= Haital more ) ,
160
specifically a district on Khiva (Kharazm), country, ii,
the bank of the

right 190
upper Oxus west of, or Khorasan. See Khurasan.
forming part of, Badakh- Khshathro-saoka (Gang-dizh ?),
shan, iii, 218, 228 iv, ; stronghold, ii, 189, 190

65 vii, 94, 331, 359
; Khudai-n4ma (Bastan-Nama), i,
Khatun, consort of the Khan of 66 ;24 V,

Chin, vii, 5 Khurasan, province in north-
fate of, in war with Bahram eastern fran, iy6, ii, 399 ;
Giir, vii, 5 iv, 148, 203 ; V, 28, 77 ;
Khawar, the West or Khura- vi, 242, 301 vii, loo,

;
san (
?) ,
perhaps = Khar 214, 224, 237, 335 viii, ;
q.v., iv, 147, 148. Cf. 78, 94, 241, 313, 355, 369;
Karan (mountain). ix, 59, 69, 87, 88, 92
Khazar, Khazars, region and Narsi made ruler of, vii,
people north of the Cau< 99

casus, i, 1 7 ii, 285 iv, ; ; governor of, viii, 75
71.316, 352 55^., 358, 361 ; prince of, viii, 173
vii, 83, 214, 224 viii, ;
Maliwi becomes master of,
94. 377. 379 ix, 114
invasion of, viii, 72, 93 Khurasan, chieftain, viii, 241
defeated, viii, 96 speech of, viii, 240
Khazarwan, Turanian hero, 142 Khurasani. See IMakh.
Shamasas and, invade Zabu- Khurdad, amcshaspenta, i, 88 ;
listan, i, 345, 358 iii, 287, 328

GENERAL INDEX 309
Khiirdad, month and day, i, 88, Khusrau, father of Khazarwan,
I5() ; vii. 11^, 225, 351 ; viii, 241, 29O (?)
viii. J 5. 173 Khusrau Parwiz, son of Hur-
Khurm, seat of an oracle, vi, 82 muzd, Shdh, iyi-175, v,
UR-aning of, \-i, Sj 294, 306 note vi, 3 viii,
; ;
oracle of, consulted, vi, 184 71, 74, 170, 173, 174, i8i,
Khurra-i-Ardshir. See Ardshir 182, 191 seq., 216, 304,
Iv hurra. 306, 316, 334, 335. 342.
Khurram Abad (Karkh ?), city, 358. 367 seq., 395 note,
vi, and note
327, 357 413 note ; ix, 4 seq., 1 1,
Khurshi'd, genius and day, i, 88 ; 12, 25, 26 note, 30, 31, 33

V, 92 note seq., 38 seq., 45 seq.
Khurshid, Iranian chief, viii, horse of,story of, viii, 91
270, 296 Hurmuzd plots to kill, viii.
Khushnawaz, ruler of the Haita- 174

lians, 166, vii, 194, 198, flees, viii, 175
359 ; viii, 75, 168, 242, adherents gather round,
245. ^67 viii, 175
Piruz advances against, vii, swear fealty to, viii,176
164 goes to Baghdad, viii, 184
writes to Piruz, vii, 165 visits Hurmuzd in prison,
appeals to Bahram Giir's 185, 198, 230
viii,
treaty, vii, 166 extensive historical con-

prayer to God, vii, 167
of, quests of, viii, 187
materials for reign of, in
digs a trench, vii, 67
defeats Piruz by a feint, vii, Shahnama, viii, 187
168 flight of, historical, from
correspondence of, with Ctesiphon, viii, 188
Siifarai, vii, 174 seq. affects Christianity in exile,
defeated by Siifarai, vii, viii, 188
177 helped on terms by Emperor

takes refuge in Kuhandizh, Maurice, viii, 188
vii, 177 historical campaign of,
sues for peace, vii, 178 against Bahrim Chvibina,
releasesKubad, Ardshir, and viii, 189
other captives, and gives visits of, to Fire-temple at
up the spoil, vii, 180 Shiz, viii, 190, 283, 307,
Khusrau, Shah. See Kai Khus- 312
rau. Nu'man bin Munzir exe-
Khusrau, Iranian noble, 163, cuted by, viii, 190
164, vi, 408 triumphal arch of, viii,
elected Shah in succession 192

to Yazdagird son of Shi- Assurbanipal and, reigns of,
pur, vi, 395 vii, 1 1 ; compared, viii, 193
proposes that Bahrcim Gur fall of, historical account of,
shall begin the ordeal, vi, viii, 193 seq.
409 attempts of Heraclius to
does homage to BahrAm Giir, make peace with, viii, 194,
vi, 410 195
honoured by Bahram Cair, treatment of defeated gen-
vii. 10 erals by, viii, i<)4
3IO GENERAL INDEX
Khusrau Parwiz, prediction con- Khusrau Parwiz, accepts Casar's
cerning, viii, 194 offer, viii, 269, 270
Reign of, 796, viii, 186 seq. welcomes Niyatiis and
Note on, viii, 186 seq. Waryam, viii, 280
Hurmuzd's requests to, viii, marches to Diik, viii, 282
1 99 Mausii anil, viii, 283
spies' report of Bahrain returns to Duk, viii, 284
Chubina to, viii, 201 Dara Panah goes over to,
takes counsel, viii, 202 viii, 286
marches to meet Bahram forges letter to Bahram
Chubina, viii, 203 Chubina, viii, 286
interview of, with Bahram sends corpse of Kut to
Chubina, viii, 204 seq. Csesar, viii, 291
attacked by Turk and saved decides to fight without
by Gustaham, viii, 220 Ruman help, viii, 292, 293
dissuaded from making a arrays his host, viii, 293
night-attack, viii, 224 resolves to fight in person,
troops of, tampered with by viii, 295
Bahram Chubina, viii, bodyguard of, viii, 296
226 leaves Bahram in charge of
sends away his baggage, host, viii, 296
viii, 228 flees from Bahram Chubina,
combat of, with Bahram viii, 298
Chubina, 228, 229
viii, saved by Suriish, viii, 299
retreats to, and holds, the returns to Niyatiis and
bridge of Nahrawan, viii, Maryam, viii, 299
228 suspected of Christian ten-
worsts Yalan-sina, viii,229 dencies, viii, 308
flees to Taisafiin, viii, 229 gives banquet to Niyatiis
counselled by Hurmuzd, and Riimans, viii, 309
viii, 230 restores captured cities to
prepares to flee, viii, 231 Iîim, viii, 312
takes refuge in a shrine, makes Ivharrad, son of Bar-
viii, 233 zin, chief minister, viii,
arrives at Babil, viii, 249 314
entertained by Kais, viii, 250 proclamation of, viii, 314
Mihran Sitad, viii, 251 demands extradition of Bah-
town of Karsan and, viii, ram Chubina, viii, 328
252 advised to send envoy to
interview of, with Hermit, Khan, viii, 329
viii, 254 resolves to put Bandwi to
warned against Gustaham, death, viii, 354
viii, 255, 256 summons Gustaham, viii,
welcomed by Caesar, viii, 355
257 hears of Gurdya's doings,
takes up his abode at viii, 356, 358
Warigh, viii, 257 writes to Gurdya viii, 359

instructs his embassy to hears of the death of Gusta-
Cassar, viii, 257 ham, viii, 362
Caesar offers daughter to, welcomes Gurdya to court,
viii, 266 viii, 362
GENERA f. rXDF.X 3TT
Kliusraii Parwiz, Giinlya (Iri'sses Khusrau Parwiz, sends Farrukh-

up to please, viii. 303 zad to the host, viii,
warned by Shirin against
(iiinlya, \iii, 304 hears Kubad proclaimed
makes Cjiialya overseer of Shah, viii, 416
royal bower, viii,364 arms and hides in ganlen,
oppresses Rai, viii, 365 viii, 417
relieves Rai, viii, 368 palace of, plundered viii,
organizes the realm, viii, 3G9 418

seq. discovered, viii, 419
puts to death adherent? of holds talk with Farrukhzad,
Bandwi and Ciustaham, viii, 420
viii, 370 recalls former presage, viii,
consults astrologers on birth 420
of Shirwi, viii, 372 imprisom-d, viii, 421
grieved at Shirwi's horo- duration of reign of, viii,
scope, viii, 372 421 ,

consults the high priest, charges against, ix, 4, 5, 9,
viii, 372 10
writes to Caesar, viii, 373 reply of, to charges, ix, 5,
Caesar's embassy to, viii, 14 seq.
374 Haram of, ix, 4, 5
gives Caisar's gifts to Shi'rwi, last days of, Theophanes'
viii, 381 account of, ix, 6
presents to Khanagi, viii, Shirwi's treatment of, ix, 7
3S2 sons of, executed, ix, 7, 35
and Shirin, ix, 7 imprisoned at Taisafiin, ix,
Story of, 174, viii, 382 seq. 9

equipage of, for the chase, companioned by Shirin, ix,
viii, 384 29
married to Shirin, viii, 386 Barbad visits, ix, 29
justifies his marriage, viii, laments over, ix, 30
388 steed of, ix, 30
gives gilded chamber to son of, ix, 31
Shirin, viii, 389 referred to, ix, 33 and tiote
displeasured with Shirwi, kingdom of Hira abolished

viii, 390 by, ix, 66
and throne of Takdis, viii, Muhammad's letter to, ix,
391 seq. 66
palace of, story of, viii, 400 Khusrau and Shirin, Persian
seq. poem, viii, 192
Farghan and, viii, 401 seq. Khusrau, father of Piruz, 175,
imprisons Riiman artificers, vii, 44, 46, 48, 49, 51, 57
viii, 402 Khusrau, a miller, ij6, ix, 99.
releases Riiman artificers, See Miller.
viii, 403 Khutan, town and district in
treasures of, viii, 406 eastern Turkistan,
146,
Guraz intrigues against, viii, ISO, ii, 277, 288, 325, 357,
408 383 ; iii, 107. 242, 247 ;
device of, against Gurdz and iv, 26, 219 ; vii, 84, 115,
Caesar, viii, 409 330. 334. 35'J
31^ GENERAL INDEX
Khutan, raided by Giv, iii, 247 Kings, Book of, Firdausi's, i, 43
monarch of, iv, 1 1 i
IVrsian, viii, 73
Afrasiyab, iv, 230 Tribal. See Tribal.
Kai Khusrau marches Kirman, region in southern Iran,
through, iv, 240 15S, iv, 146
vi, 31, 47, ;
people of, make submission 57. 59. 199. 202, 205, 245,
to Nushirwan, vii, 360 252 ; vii, 214 ; viii, 313
Khuza' Arab tribe, vi, 63 Dara retires to, vi, 46
rule of, ended by Sikandar, etymology of, vi, 204, 236
vi, 120 Ardshir Papakan's invasion
Khuzan, a king of Pars, iv, 146, of, vi, 205, 245
191 Kirmanshah, title, vi, 313, 368
meets Kai Khusrau in Kirmanshah, city between Bagh-
Sughd, iv, 255 dad and Hamadan, vii,
Khiizians, people of Khuzistan, 187 ; viii, 192
q.v., iv, 146 Kirmanshahan, city in Kirman,
Khuzistan (Susiana, 'Arabistan), south of Yazd, vi, 368
province at the head of Kirwan (Karwan, district north
the Persian Gulf, vi, 290 of Jaxartes ?), ix, 93
and note, 298, 327, 357 ; Kirwi, Iranian noble, vii, 23
viii, 109 and note, 193 story of, vii, 22
annexed by Arabs, ix, 68 Kishmar, plape south of Nisha-
Khuzra, treasure, ix, 20 pur in the Kuhistan dis-
Khvaituk-das, i, 60 trict of Khurasan, v, 35
Catullus on, i, 60 Cypress of, v, 27
Khyons (Hvyaonas), v, 13, 25 account of, v, 28, 34
Kibchak, region east of the Jax- Gushtasp and, v, 34
ates and north of Tash- Kishwad, Iranian hero, father
kand, iv, 254 ix, 93 ; of Gudarz, 151, i, 207,
Kibtfs, vi, 397 and note 344. 365 ; ii. 4. II. 12,
Kimak, a river in Kibchak, iv, 18,22, 33, 70, 73, 107, 112,
203, 231 138. 318, 384, 399, 404,
Kimmerians, the, i, 17 409 ; iii, 19, 24, 33, 45,
Kinam-i-Asiran, near to, or iden- 100, 121, 123, 126, 143,
tical with, the ruins of 154, 187, 289, 215, 302,
Shiis (Siis, Susa), vi, 327, 305. 308, 311, 327, 339;
357 and note iv, 20, 32, 35, 63, 147,
King, the ideal, iii, 16 174, 180, 263, 294, 310,
of kings, title of, vi, 193, 197 360, viii, 104
meaning of, in Achae- Karan, Shidiish, and, pursue
menian and
Parthian Kurukhan, i, 354
times, 198
vi, sent by Zal to release the
assumed by Ardshir Papa- Iranian captives, i, 367
kan, vi, 193, 199, 254, Kishwaristan, Iranian hero, iv,
258, 273 148
of the Commons, vii, 3 commands the troops from
piece in chess, vii, 382, 385 Barbaristan and Rum, iv,
position of, vii, 388, 422 148
check to, vi', 422 Kisra, Shah, 166. See Nushir-
mate to, vii, 423 wan.
piece in nard, vii, 382, 389 Kitradad, Nask, i, 373
GENERAL INDEX 3^5
Knathaiti, Pairika, female per- Kub4d, imprisoned, vii, 184
sonification of idolatry, i, escapes, vii, 184, 197
172 marriage of, vii, 1S4, 1S6,
Kobad, Shah. See Kubad. 198
Ktesias, Greek historian (5th gives his wife a signet-ring,
century B.C.), vi, 13, 68 vii, 198
legend of Cyrus in, ii, 9 vi, ;

cedes Chaghdn to the Hai-
195 talians in return for their
Gutschmid on, vi, 195 help, vii, 198
account of Scmiramis in, v, goes to Ahwaz, vii, 19S
293 hears of the birth of Nushir-
Persica of, v, 293 wan, vii, 199
Kubad, Iranian hero, brother of marches on Taisafun, vii,
Karan, 142, i, 207 199
acts as Minuchihr's scout, i, pardons the Iranians and
217 Jamasp, vii, 200
parleys with Tiir, i, 217 makes Rizmihr chief minis-
accepts Barman's challenge ter, vii, 200
to single combat, i, 347 wars of, with Riim, vii, 187,
dissuaded by Karan, i, 347 200
reply of, i, 347 takes cities from Rum, vii,
fights and is slain, i, 348 200
Kubad, Shah. See Kai Kubad. makes his capital at Ma-
Kubad, son of Piriiz and father da'in, vii, 201
of Nushirwan, Sh4h (Ko- builds a city and hospital,
bad), 166, vi, 3, 208 ; vii, 20 1
vii, 179 seq. and note, 226, drought in reign of, vii, 201
247 ; viii, 25, 46, 72. 168, Mazdak and, vii, 1S4, 201
169. 245, 265, 285, 312, seq.
369 ix, 22, 25
;
Mazdak's parable to, vii,
captivity of, among the 201

Haitalians, vii, 160 converted by Mazdak, vii,
leads the rearguard in the 184, 204
war with the Turkmans presides over the disputa-
(Haitalians), vii, 164 tion between Nushirwan
taken prisoner, vii, 168 and Mazdak, vii, 207
released, vii, 180 gives judgment against Maz-
made Shah instead of Bal- dak, 208
vii,
ash, vii, 182, 188 hands over Mazdak and
Reign of, 166, vii, 183 seq. his followers to Nushir-
Note on, vii, 183 seq. wan, vii, 208
historical sketch of, vii, repentence of, vii, 209
183 testament of, vii, 210, 316
title of, viii, 183 and note age of, vii, 210
reform of taxation by, vii, death of, vii, 210
183 note, 215 sons of, vii, 316
with the help of Shdpur of Kubdd (Shirwi q.v.), son of Khus-
Kai overthrows and puts rau Parsviz and Maryam,
Sufarai to death, vii, 191 Sh4h, lys, viii, 190, 196 ;
seq. ix, 3 seq., 9, 11, 12, 14, 24,

dethroned, vii, 184, 195 3^. 47. (^4
314 GENERAL INDEX
Kubad (Shi'rwi'),
secret and public Kuhram, commands one wing of
names of, viii, 371, /|i6 the host, V, 46
proclaimed Shah, viii, 416 in chief, v, 56
imprisons i\liusr,ui Parwiz, sent by Arja;s[) to attack
421
viii, Balkh, V, 90
accedes to throne, viii, 421 troops of, storm Balkh, burn
Reign of, 175, ix, 3 the Fire-temple, and slay
Note on, ix, 3 Zarduhsht and the priests,
tragic, ix, 3 V, 92
pestilence during, ix, 3 stationed on the
left, v, 95
boorishness of, ix, 3 mortally wounds Farshid-
difficult situation of, ix, 3 ward, v, 95
reproached by his sisters, ix, appointed by Arjasp to send
7 away the spoil of Balkh
Kubad, son of Jam son of Kubad, in the charge of his
316
vii, younger brothers, v, loS
plot to make, Si\ah, vii, 316 commands the right, v, no
Kubard, Turanian hero, iv, 190 defeated by Asfandiyar, v,
commands the left, iv, 190 no
Kiich, tribe or town (Kuk ?)
in bidden to prepare for war,
Kirman, ii, 226 V, 151
Kufa, city west of the Euphrates retreats to the Brazen Hold,
and in the neighbourhood of V, 152
Mashad 'AU (Nedjef), viii, mistakes Bishutan for As-
190 ; ix, 68, 69 fandiyar, v, 152
wood of, vi, 381 hears the cries of the Iran-
founded by Sa'ad, ix, 67 ian watch from the Brazen
Kiih, nonce name assumed by Hold and takes counsel
Human, iii, 198 with Andariman, v, 155
Kuhandizh (Baigand q.v.), vii, makes for the Brazen Hold
177 with his troops, v, 156
Khiishnawaz takes refuge in, pursued by Asfandiyar, v,
vii, 177 156
Kuhila, Turanian hero, iv, 181 encountered and taken
slain by Minuchihr, iv, 181 prisoner by Asfandiyar,
Kuhistan, generally a mountain- V, 157
ous region, particularly executed, v, 15S and note
that of northern Iran, Kujaran, city and province on
Parthia, or of the high the Persian CJulf, vi, 205,
ranges further south, but 206, 232
in the Shahnama = Ma Haftwid migrates from, to
wara'u'n-Nahr (Transox- stronghold, vi, 235
ania), ii, 199 Kulbad, Turanian hero, brother
Kuhram, Turanian hero, 13T, ii, of Piran, 146, 131, i, 92,
349 342 ; ii, 264, 388
18, ;
chosen to fight with Barta, iii, 166, 177, 198, 199, 205,
iv, 97 V, 29; 210, 222, 231, 234, 252 ;
» slain by Barta, 103 iv, iv, 10, 26

Kuhram, brother or son of Ar- wounded by Zal, i, 361
jksp, 156, v, 29, 58, 89 death and revival of, in
seq., 10b seq., 112, 141, 159 legend, ii, 119

GENERAL INDEX 3^5
Kiilbid, pursues Kai Khusrau, ii, Kurakhdn. son of Afrasiyiib, i,
377 *'•'/• ! <>2 ; iv, 10

chosen to figlit with I'ari- counsels Afrasiyab, iii, 301
burz, iv, <)7 summoned and sent with
shiiu by Fariburz, iv, yy troops to Bukliara by
Kuluu, Turauian hero, i, 382, 387 Afrasiyiib, iv, 154
sent by Afrasiyab to inter- joined by Afrasiyab, iv, 186
cept Rustam, i, 3S3 defeated by (iustaham son
by Rustam, i, 386
slain of Naudar, iv, 193
Kulun, Turk in league with defeat of, announced to
Kharrad against Bahram Afrasiyab, iv, 194
Chubina, Jyj, viii, 335 Kurakhan, governor of Balkh,
incited by Kharrad to kill viii, 22
Bahr4m Chubina, viii, 337 Kuran, vi, 65 ; viii, 277 note ;
Marv by help of
arrives at ix, 81 aiul nule
Khan's seal, viii, 339 quoted, i, 99 v, 166 viii,
; ;
seeks interview with Bah- 42, 192 ; ix, 81 and note

ram Chubina, viii, 339 references to Alexander the
stabsBahram Chubina, viii, Great in, vi, 15, 78, 84
340 legend of Moses and the
maltreated, viii, 340 salt fish in, vi, 77
kindred of, burnt, viii, 344 Gog and Magog in, vi, 78
Kum, city in 'Irak 'Ajami, Kurd, Kurds, the
people of
between Tihran and Ka- Kurdistan q.v., 161 i, 9 , ;
shan, 399
ii, vi, 193, 203, 257
bestowed on Giv by Kai language, i, 64
Kaus, ii, 399 legend of the origin of the,
Kai Khusrau, iv, 298 i, 146
Kumar, city or cape in India, ii, Ardshir Papakan 's war with,
103 and note in Karnamak, vi, 196,
Kundrav, minister of Zahhak, 206, 256
140 Shahuama, vi, 230 seq.
mythological origin of, i, 143 Kurdistan, mountainous region
Faridiin and. Story of, 140, north of Mesopotamia, vi,
i, 164 330
goes to Zahhak with tidings Kurdzad, daughter of Mihrak
of Faridun, i, 165 q.v.
Kundur, Turanian hero, iii, 152, Kuria Muria Islands, off the
185, 210, 215, 251 ; v, southern coast of Arabia,
112, vi, 72
worsted by Rustam, iii, 224 Kurukhan, Turanian warrior, i,
stationed on the right, v, 94 353

Kunduz (Kuhandizh, Baigand sent by Afr4siy4b to attack
q.v.), iv, 151 Pars, i, iî
Afrasiydb encamps at, iv, Kurus, Indian tribal race, iv,
151 388
marches from, iv, 154 Kus, i, 177. See Tammi'sha.
Kur (Cyrus), river in Transcau- Kiit, Ri'iman warrior, 772, viii,
casia flowing into the 281, 289, 291
Caspian sea, v, 13 slain by Bahram Cln'ibfna
Kuraish, Arab tribe, vi, 65 viii, 290
3i6 GENERAL INDEX
Kiit, corpse of, sent back to Lahhak, Farshidward and, re-
Rumans, viii, 291 ferred to, iv, 118, 120, 126
Kutch (read Kuch q.v.), iii, 34 repose themselves, iv, 121
Kutib, father of Husain (or corpses of, brought back
Ha'iy) one of Firdausi's by Bizhan, iv, 126,
patrons, i, 35 ix, 121 ; 132
Kyaxares (Kastarit), king or deaths of, announced to
chief and leader in the Afrasiyab, iv, 152
confederacy that over- Lambak, a water-carrier, 164
threw Nineveh, i, 18 entertains Bahram Giir, vii,
13 seq.
rewarded by Bahram Cnir,
vii, 20
Land of Darkness. See Gloom.
Labarum, the, v, 306 tioie Land-tax, Mahmiid's remission
Ladaa (Pashan), battle of, iii, of, vi, 196, 208
13 seq., 80 seq., 89 seq., Nushirwan's reform of, vii,
123 iv, 27. 37, go, 120,
; 215, 225
299 Latin version, early, of Pseudo-
Lagus, Ptolemy son of. See Callisthenes. See Julius
Ptolemy. Valerius.
Lahhdk, Turanian hero, brother Launderer, a, foster-father of
of Piran, 132, i, 92 ; ii, Darab, 15S, v, 292
323 7wie ; iii, 90, 166, finds Dar4b in the Farat, v,
198 ; iv, 7, 71, 122, 125, 295
133, 160, 162 Darab adopted by, and his
summons Piran to save wife, V, 297
Farangis, ii, 322 quits his home with wife
pursues the Iranians to and D4rab and settles
Mount Hamawan, iii, 135 elsewhere, v, 298
commands with Farshid- becomes wealthy but
ward the right wing, iv, 26 sticks to trade, v, 29S
attacks the Iranians in perturbed at Darab's youth-
flank, iv, 82 ful escapades, v, 298
opposed by Gurgin, iv, 83 brings up Darab to be a
goes to help Piran and cavalier, v, 299
attacks Giv, iv, 85 Darab's lack of natural
prowess of, iv, 86 affection for, v, 300
put in chief command with wife of, informs Darab of
Farshidward, iv, 94 his case, v, 300
Piran's instructions to, iv, Rashnawad sends for, and
95 his wife, v, 304
^
Farshidward and, hear of the informed by, of the case

death of Piran and the of Darab, v, 308
coming of Kai Khusrau, visits, with his wife, D4r4b
iv, 112 at his accession, v, 311
lament for Piran, iv, 112 dismissed with 312
gifts, v,
take counsel with the host, Lazhawardi, fort, ix, 93
iv. 113 Lazica, region on the eastern
fight, and escape from, shore of the Black Sea,
frdnian outpost, iv, 116 vii, 215 viii, 194
;
GENERAL INDEX 317
Lazic war, renewed by Hur- Luhrdsp, successes of, iv, Co,
muzd, viii,76 71
Bahram Chiibina defeated troops of, recalled, iv, 145
76
in, viii, nominated by Suriish to be
Leech of Kaid, i^g. See Kaid. Kai Khusrau 's successor,
Legend, Syriac Christian, of iv, 281
Alexander. See Syriac. crowned by Kai Khusrau,
Leo, constellation, ii, 405 iii, ; iv, 300
81, 318; vi, 172, 180; Zal's protest against the
vii, 410 viii, 122, 394
; succession of, iv, 301
Libra, constellation, i, 310 vi, ;
succession of, justified by
97 Kai Khusrau, iv, 301
Life, Fount of. See Fount. acknowledged by Z41, iv,
Water of, 160 .Id. 302
Plutarch's, of Alexander the the chiefs, iv, 303
Great, vi, 67 undertakes to respect Kai
Lion, lions, slain by Rakhsh, 143, Khusrau 's wives, iv, 305
ii. 45 counselled and farewellod
Asfandiyir, 156, v, 125 by Kai Khusrau, iv, 306
Bahram Gur, 163-165, vii, addresses the chiefs, iv, 311
55. 77 receives the fealty of Za!
-ape, IJ3, viii, 322 seq. and other chiefs, iv, 312
Lion's House, constellation of praises and rewards ZaI,
Leo. i, 188 iv, 312
Irion's Mouth, the, place, iv, 245 coronation of, iv, 312
Loadstone, chamber of, viii, 275 Reign of, 154, iv, 314 seq.
suspended cavalier in, \'iii, Note on, iv, 314 seq.
275 harangues the chiefs, iv, 316
Longimanus (Dirazdast), title of makes Balkh his capital, iv,
Artaxerxes I, son of Xer- 317
xes, V, 281 builds the
Fire-temple of
Lucerne (Medicago sativa), tax Barzin, 318iv,
on, vii, 215 shows favour to the grand-
Liich, perhaps = Kuch q.v., vii, sons of Kai Kai'is, iv, 318,
362 321 seq.
captives from, settled at refuses to appoint Gush-
Siirsan, vii, 328 tasp his heir, iv, 319
Luhrasp, Shah, 134, 155, i, 42 ; sends Zarir in pursuit of
ii, 3. 9 iv, 57. 65, 135.
; Gushtasp, iv, 320
337. 347. 356 seq. ; v, 10, pardons Gushtasp, iv, 322
20, 21 and note, 26, 29, hears of Gushtasp 's fiight,
36, 38, 64. 68, 80, 86, 87, iv, 323
90 seq., 98 seq., 104, 114, consults Zarir and the sages,
141, 154, 155, 157, 159, iv, 323
160, 1O7, 171, 180, 183, searches in vain for Gush-
205, 208, 243, 255, 281. t4sp, iv, 324
284 ; vi, 55, 200 ; viii, receives K^lus, Caesar's en-
148, 213, 270, 392
95. ; voy, in audience, iv, 357
104
ix, entertains Kalus, iv, 357
sent to the Aldns by Kai consults Zarir, iv, 358
Khusrau, iv, 14 questions Kaliis, iv, 358
3ii GENERAL INDEX
Luhrasp, dismisses Kaliis with M'CrindIc, Ancient India of,
honour, iv, 359 quoted, vi, 68, 80
sends Zarir with other chiefs Mada. See Medes.
on a mission to Rum, iv, Mada'in, Ctesiphon (Taisafun),
359 and the neighbouring
messasje of, to Caesar, iv, 361, cities, i6y, iy4, vii, 201,
welcomes and crowns Gush- 244, 266, 272, 337, 363 ;
tasp on his return to viii, 4, 46, 192, 193

Iran, iv, 364 Nusliirwan sends his Ruman
resigns the throne to Gush- captives to, vii, 259
tasp and becomes a de- palace of Khusrau Parwiz
votee, v, 31 at, story of, viii, 400
converted by Zarduhsht, v, Madik, king of the Kurds, mean-
33 ing of, vi, 203, 256
advises Gushtasp to resign Madofryai, mountain, part of
the kingship to Asfan- the Alburz range, south-
diyar, v, 66 east of the Caspian, v, 30
opposes Kuhram, v, 91 Magi, priests of the Medes
slain, V, gi, 93, 99 (Mada), i, 9 ; ii, 190 ; vi,
Asfandiyar's vow to avenge, 372. 373 ; 171, 184
vii,
V, 103 preservers of tradition, i, 56,
Lumsden, his edition of the 60
Shahnama, i, 76 meaning of name, i, 56 and
Luna. See Moon. note
rise to power of, i, 58
influence of, declines after
M the Greek conquest, i, 59
principal seats of, i, 60
Ma, Hittite goddess, vi, 71 literature of, i, 61

= Cybele, vi, 71 language of, 64
i,
priestesses of =
Amazons, vi, compile the prose Shah-
71 nama for Abii Mansur, i,
Macan, his edition of the Shah- 69
nama, i, 76 ; vi, 60 advocates of next-of-kin
Mace, Faridun's, i, 161, 163, 165, marriage, ii, 1S9
168 Magian, Magians, vii, 60
the making i, 158 of, chant, vii, 60
Macedonia, 82
vi, 81, fire, vii, 409
Macedonian invasion of the East, Magic, i, 51
vi, 68, 6g derivation of, i, 56
Machin (China), ii, 357 note, 370, sympathetic, i, 8
394 ; iii. 253, 265
46. ; Magism, v, 11
iv, 151, 203, 229, 231, 234, Magog. See Gog.
252 ; V, 142, 145 viii, ; Magophonia, import of, i, 59
417 ix, 107
; Magus. See Magi.
Machine, flying, of Kai Kaus, ii, Mahabharata, Indian Epic, iii,
103 8 ;iv, 316 vi, 31, 80
;
Macrianus, Praetorian prefect, vi, the passing of the five P4n-

294 davas in, compared with
treachery of, to Valerian, that of Kai I^husrau, iv,
vi, 294 138
GENERA L IXDEX 319
Mdh Afrid, grandmother of Mahmiid — cunt.
Miniichihr, i, 205 135 seq., 139 ; V, 30, 89,
Mah Afri'd, deiughter of Ti'ir, iv, 118, 262 ; 279,vi. 20, 107,
304 292, 370 vii, 277 ; ix, ;
Mkh Afrid, daughter of Barzin, 122

vii. 53 Firdausi's feeling against,
married to Bahram Giir, i. 33 vi,62, 92 se^. and note
;
vii, 53 Satire on, i, 23, 40 seq.

Mah Azar, scribe, viii, 81 alleged ill treatment by,
Mahan, Iranian noble, v, 260, 263 i, 36 seq. : vii, 431
33.
Mahbiid (Mebodes), minister of alleged repentance of, i, 45 ;
Kubad and Nushirwan, iv, 8

16S vii, 213
; occasion
of, iv, 8
instrumental in making approves of Firdausi's ver-
Nushirwan Shah, vii, 316 sion of the fight between
Niishirwan's treasurer, vii, Rustam and Ashkabiis,
319 109
iii,
sons of, vii, 319 remission of the land-tax by,

serve Nushirwan's meals, vi, 186, 208
vii, 319, 321 Mahraspand, father of Adarbad,
wife of, prepares Niishlr- V, 16 ytote
vvan's food, vii, 321, 322 Mahrwi, viii, 248
envied by Zuran, vii, 319 Mahwi (
= Shahwi ?), one of
fall of, vii, 317, 322 Firdausi's authorities, i,
Nushirwan's repentance 67 vii, 382

;
with regard to, vii, 317, Mahwi, Persian chief, iy6, ix,
325 70. 74. 89. 95. 97. 100 seq.,
Mah i-Azada Khu, wife of Tur, i, 118
1S8 described, ix, 87
meaning of, i, 188 note Farrukhzad entrusts Yaz-
Mahiyar, minister of Dara, dagird to, ix, 95
murders Dara, vi, 52 accepts charge of Yaz-
tells Sikandar of the mur- dagird, ix, 96
der, vi, 52 becomes disaffected to Yaz-
arrested by Sikandar, vi, 53 dagird, ix, 96
executed, vi, 56, 88 writes to Bizhan, ix, 96, 116
Mahiyar, Iranian noble, vii, 38 betrays Yazdagird, ix, 97,
praises Bahram Giir, vii, 38 98, 116, 117
Mahiyar, a jeweller, 16^, vii, 55 quest of, for Yazdagird, ix,
secj. 100
daughter of. See Arzii. has tidings of Yazdagird, ix,
entertains Bahram Giir, vii, lOI.
59 seq. consults his warriors, ix, 106

Mahmiid, Sultan (A.D. 999- son of, counsels, ix, 107
1030), i, 100; iii, 15; receives Balkh and Marat,
viii, 24 ix, 115
account of, i, 21 governor of Marv, ix, 120
-
brothers of, i, 21, 114 put to death with his
Firdausi's praise of, jjq, sons, ix, 120
152. 155. ^56, 160, 161 ; sends miller to slay Yaz-
i, 2Q seq., 112 seq.; iv. dagird, ix, 107, 116
320 GENERAL INDEX
Mahwi, sends troops after miller Makatiira, slighted by the Khan,
with instructions, ix, 107 viii, 31S
troops of, strip corpse of challenges Bahram Chii-
Yazdagird, ix, 108 bina, 319
viii,
hears of death of Yazda- fight of, with Bahram Chii-
gird, ix, 108 bina, viii, 320
bids miller throw corpse of Makh, viii, 71, 78
Yazdagird into stream, Makhzum, place, 93
ix, 108 Makna Bad, city, iii, 109
slays monks, ix, 113 Makran (Gedrosia, Baluchistan),
consults his intimates and country on the shore of
minister, ix, 113 the Arabian Sea, ii, 80,
advised by his minister, ix, 82 ;iv, 136, 203, 231,
113 234. 237 seq., 254 ; vi,
claims the throne on false 182, 202, 397 ; vii, 390 ;
pretences, ix, 114 viii, 393, 417

becomes master of Khura- king of, /jj, iv, 238 seq.
san, ix, 114 refuses facilities to Kai
evil rule of, ix, 114 Khusrau, iv, 239, 242
makes war on Bizhan, ix, buried by Kai Khusrau,
"5 iv, 243
conduct of, to Barsam, ix, Kai Khusrau marches upon,
117 iv, 241
crosses Oxus and camps at stops pillage of, iv, 243,
BaiEjand, ix, 118 244
flees, ix, 118 prepares a fleet in, iv, 244
overtaken by Barsdm, ix, sails for Gang-dizh from,
118 iv, 245
captured by Barsam, ix, 119 returns to, iv, 251
put to death by Bizhan, ix, goes to Chin from, iv, 251
120 Alexander the Great's re-
Mai, city in Turkistan, i, 252, turn by, productive of
256, 261 iv, 278, 284
; ; marvels, vi, 6g
91, 331, 385, 421
vii, etymology 69
of, vi,
Mai, king of Hind, vii, 395, 396, Malcolm, Sir John, identification
399, 4" I. 403. 404 and description of Mount
Maidan, riding-ground, i, 83 Sipand by, i, 236 v, 30 ;
Maidhyo-maungha, cousin and version of Suhrab by, ii,

first convert to Zarduhsht, 118
V, 17 on the scene of the death of
Mail of Siyawush, iii, 58, 60, 61, Bahram Gur, vii, 6
69, 81 ; iv, 40, 41, 44, Malika, daughter of Tair, vi, 3,
45. 51 324
referred to, iv, 42, 43 legend vi, 323, 330 seq.
of,
Maishan (Mesene), a small state offers tobetray her father's
on the lower Tigris, vi, 199 stronghold to Shapiir, vi,
Majijj (Magog), 160. See Yajiij. 331
Makati'ira, Turkman chief, iy3, makes the garrison drunk,
viii, 317 vi, 333
dominates the Khan, viii, opens the gate to Shapiir,
318 vi, iii
CnXHRAL jxniix 3-:i
Malika, goes to Shdpur's camp, Manizha, wakes Bizhan in Afrasi-

vi. 333 yab's palace, iii, 300
Mamigonian, Armenian family, holds revel with Bizhan, iii,
viii, iSS 300

M4mun, Khalifa, i, 14 ; vii, 382, disgraced, iii, 309
430 made Bizhan's attendant,
jNIan, the First (Gaiumart q.v.), iii, 310
i. 5 referred to, iii, 318, 319
on the nature of, ijg, i, 104 hears of the arrival of Rus-
of Sigz (Kustam), ii, 100 and tam's caravar, iii, 337
>iote interviews of, with Kustam,
Man, weight, i, 290 and nole ; iii. 337. 34^
viii, 148 and note, 314, 399 bears Rustam's ring to
Manachihr, i, 206 note Bizhan, iii, 340
Manda, nomads, i, 18 kindles signal fire for Kus-
confused with the MadA tam, iii, 344
(Medes), i, 18 ; vi, 194 receives gifts from Kai
empire of the=empire of Khusrau, iii, 35G
the Medes, ii, 191 Manshiir, Turanian hero, iii, 161,
Mandane, daughter of Astyages, 165, 172, 182, 185, 199,
ii, 190 205, 210, 213, 226, 231,
= Farangi's in legend, ii, 191 241, 251, 256
Mandanes (Dandamis, Kait, Kai- comes to the aid of Piran,
han, Kand, Kaid q.r.), vi, iii, 151
61 hears of the coming of Kus-
Onesicritus and, vi, 61 tam, iii, 175
identical with Kaid, vi, 62 Mansion of Gushtasp, Fire-tem-
Mani, heresiarch, i6j, ii, ig nole ; ple, V, 75
V, 118 and note ; vi, 307 Mansiir bin Niih, Samanid prince
vii, 188
;
(A.D. 96 1
—
976), i, 20, 21
account of, vi, 327 V, 21 ; vii, 5
-gate, vi, 327, 3.59 Maniishan, a king in Pars, iv,
teaching of, vi, 32S 146, 180, 191
disputation of, with the high ManusA'ihar (Miniichihr), i, 338
priest, vi, 35S Manwi, viii, 253
executed, vi, 359 Marathi, Scythian people, iv, 315
Manicheism, ii, 19 note Marchlord, ill-disposed, op-
Manizha, daughter of Afrasiyab, presses Kai, 174, viii, 366
750, iii, 285, 295 scq., 304, destroys gutters and cats,
308 sea., 348, 349 viii, 360
Bizhan and. Story of, i§o, recalled, viii, 368
iii, 7, 12 Marcian (Batariin q.v.), viii, 41
historical basis of, iii, 1 1 Marco Polo, Venetian traveller
Mohl on, iii, 285 (A.D. 1254-1324), vi, 74
Firdausi on, iii, 287 Mardanshdh, (Valan-sina q.v.),
referred to, viii, 72 viii, 74, 76 ix, 5, 6
;
sends her nurse to ]iizhan, son of, ix, 5, 6

iii, 297 conspires against Khusrau
invites Bizhan to visit her, Parwiz, ix, 6
iii, 298 mutilation and execution of,
drups Bizhan, iii, 299 ix,
vol.. IX. X
322 GENERAL INDEX
Mardanshah (Mardasas), son of Marvell, quoted, viii, 399 note
Shirin, viii, 189, 191, 193, Marvrud (Murghab), river in
196 ix, 39
;
Khurasan flowing into
execution of, ix, 7 and forming the Marv
Mardas, father of Zahhak, Story oasis, ii, 228 ; iv, 255 ;
of, 140. i, 135 seq. viii, 92

murdered by Zahhak, i, 137 Mary, Maryam, mother of Jesus,
Mardasas. See Mardanshah. viii, 276 note, 277 note
Mardwi, Turanian hero, iii, 77 Maryam, daughter of Csesar, ij3,

Mardwi, Persian official, viii, 21 174, viii, 188, 192, 276
Mardwi, gardener, viii, 397 note, 278, 279, 373. 374.
Margh, city in Turkistan, i, 256 ; 380,
iv, 278, 284 ; vii, 91, 331, murder of, viii, 193, 389
412, 421 referred to, viii, 255, 266,
Mark, birth. See Birthmark. 269, 270, 371, 381, 389
Marriage, next of kin (Khvaitiik- counselled by Caisar, viii,
das), i, 60 ; ii, 189 ; v, 17 279, 280

Mars', planet, i, 72, 276, 332, 339 ; Niyatus put in charge of,
ii,247, 407 iii, no, 159, ; viii, 280
178. 318, 332 vii, 92, ;

as peace-maker, viii, 310
252, 418 viii, 395
; ix, ; Mashad, city in Khurasan, ii, 189
73. 89 Mashya and Mashyoi, the off-
Martyropolis, ceded by Khusrau spring of Gaiiimart, the
Parvviz, viii, 188 first man, i, 117, 131
Marusipand, palace, ix, 11 Masius, Mount, viii, 41

Mariit, angel, iii, 286 Massagetae, tribe, iii, 192
Marv, oasis and city in ancient Mas'iidi, Arabic historian (died
northern Khurasan, now A.D. 956), V, 293 vi, 62, ;
in Turkistan, lys, i, 45 ; 63,82, 193. 257. 313. 315 ;
ii, loi ; V, 29, 260, 261, vii, 3, 4, 6, 153, 280
263 vii, 174, 357

; viii, ;
version of the death of
20, 93, 173, 336, 337. 346 Rustam by, v, 261
seq., 352, 356 ix, 70, 89, ; genealogies of Papak ac-
116, 117 cording to, vi, 200
early seat of Aryan civi- '
Book of f ndication and Re-
lization, i, 7 vision' by, vi, 252
as rhyme-word, vii, 88 note apologue of the owls by, vi,
Khan reaches, vii, 88 310
Bahram Giir marches on, parentage of Yazdagird son
vii, 89 of Shapur according to,
Azad Sarv finds Buzurj- vi. 371
mihr at, vii, 283 account of the fortifications
traditional scene of Yaz- at Darband by, vii, 215
dagird's death, 70
ix, origin of the game of nard
Yazdagird at, ix, 97, 116 according to, vii, 3S2
sage of, ix, no origin of the game of chess
apothegm of, ix, no according to, vii, 382
conduct of Mahwi to Bar- on Buzurjmihr, viii, 71
sam at, ix 117 Maundeville, Sir John, vi, 13, 72
Guraz, son of Mahwi, gov- Maurice, Eastern Roman Em-
ernor of, ix, 120 viii, 1 8 7, 188
peror,
GENERAL INDEX 3-53
Maurice, helps Kliusrau Parwiz Mazda, Ahura. Sic Ahura.

on terms, viii, 188 Mazdak, heresiarch, J 66, i, 63 ;
murcUr of, \iii, 193 vii, 184, 185

Mausil, Armenian prince, viii, disputation of, with Nushfr-
188, 189, 248, 282, 295 wdn, vii, 188, 206 seq.
entertains Bandwi, viii, 249 account of, vii, 188, 201
Klnisrau Parwiz and, viii, 283 becomes chief minister to
referred to, viii, 293 and Kubad, vii, 201
note influence of, over Kubad,
Ma wara 'u'n-Nahr (KuhistAn vii, 201
q.v., Transoxania), ii, 19, parable of, to Kubdd in time
199 ; iii, 151 of drought, vii, 201
Maximian, Roman Emperor, viii, practical application of
188 Kubad's reply by, vii,
Mayam, place, iii, 40, 41, 53, 11 1 202
Mayors of the palace, Oriental, i, converts Kubad, vii, 204
14 preaching and practice of,
Mazaga, Indian city, vi, 65 vii, 204
taken by Alexander the attempt of, to convert Nush-
Great, vi, 65 irwan, vii, 205
Mazana (Mdzandaran, q.v.), ii,28 Kubad decides against, vii,
Mazandaran, region lying be- 20S
tween the Alburz range executed with his followers
and the Caspian, 143, i, by Nushirwan, vii, 208
4, 5, 12, 253, 279, 290, Mazdakism, vii, 1S4
294. 296, 298, 319, 323. Mazdakites, vii, 184

339, 378 ; ii, 25 seq., 33, great assembly of, vii, 205
34, 36 seq., 45, 55, 60 seq., massacre of, vii, 185, 208
66 seq., 75, 76, 78, 81, 93, Mebodes. See Mahbiid.
105, 139, 143 seq., 293 , Mecca, city, v, 31, 166 vi, 120 ; ;
iii, 144, 207, 167, 215; ix, 69

232, 243, 256, 260, 324, Sikandar's visit to, vi, 64,
330; iv, 86, 136, 296, 119 seq.
299; v, 116, 117, 203, account of, vi, 64
207, 220 vi, 373 ; ; vii, Medea, land of, i, 57
215 ; viii, 48 ; ix, 74 Mede, Medes (Mada), Aryan
approach to, from Iran, ii
people, i, 7, 10, 17, 56, 58,
28 I
72 vi, 194, 203

;
description of, ii, 27 I

account of, i, 9
king of, 143, ii, 39, 43, 54, confused with the Manda
62 seq. (nomads), i, 18 vi, 194 ;
interview of, with Rus- empire of the=empire of

tam, ii, 67 the Manda, 17 ii, 191
1, ;
fight of, with Rustam, ii, Media, iv, 315 ; vi, 31 vii, 6 ; ;
73 Magna, vi, 201, 203, 256

transforms himself into a I
vii, 214
rock, ii, 74 Median, vi, 195
death of, ii, 75 Median, language (Zend), i, 64
Mdzandardnian, a native of, or seq.
pertaining to, Mdzan- empire, ii, 9 vi, 194 ;
daran, iii, 320 Mediterranean, the, vi, 294

32} GENERAL INDEX
Megara, city in Greece, vi, 323 Mihr Barzin, Iranian warrior,
note temp. Bahram Gur, vii, 85
legend concerning, vi, î^) Mihr Bidad, Iranian magnate,
note vii, 21
Megasthenes, Greek writer, entertains Bahram Gur, vii,

temp. Alexander the 22
Great, vi, 68 Mihr 'Hasis, minister of Ardshir,
Meherdates (Milad), Parthian son of Shirwi, in Persian
prince, iii, 10 seq. Tabari, ix, 43
Memphis, Egyptian city, vi, 82 put to death, ix, 43
corpse of Alexander the Mihr Hurmuzd, Iranian noble,
Great taken to, vi, 82 175, viii, 196 ; ix, 34
Merchant, a, 164 account of, ix, 5
entertains arid displeases referred to, ix, 6, 33
Bahram Gur, vii, 39 conspires against Khusrau
made the slave of his own Parwiz, ix, 6
apprentice, vii, 42 put to death, ix, 7
Merchants, Iranian, made acces- described, ix, 33
sories to Bahram Gur's Mihr-i-Niish, second son of
flight from Hind, vii, 133, Asfandiyar, ii, 3 ; v, 80,
134 283
Mercury, planet, i, 72 iii, 159, ;
slain by Faramarz, v, 227
318 V, 243 vi, 171, 224
; ; ;
death of, reported to Asfan-
viii, 299, 395 ix, 73 ; diyar by Bahman, v, 227
Meroe, island and city of, vi, 13, corpse of, sent to Gush-
65 tasp, v, 232
Meru, mythical mountain, iv, 139 Mihr-i-Niish, Persian sage, vii,
Mesopotamia, vi, 30, 294, 321 270

Arab invasions of, iii, 14 quoted, vii, 270
annexed by Arabs, ix, 68 Mihr-i-Niish, ix, 103
Mesopotaniian desert, vi, 322 pleads with Mahwi for Yaz-
Messiah, the,viii, 267 dagird, ix, 103
Mih-Azar-Gushnasp, minister of Mihr Narsi, chief minister of
Ardshir, son of Shirwi, in Bahram Gur and of his
Arabic Tabari, ix, 43 son Yazdagird, vii, 4, 153
put to death, ix, 43 sons of, vii, 4
Mihr, month and day, i, 88, 8g, Mihr Piruz, Iranian warrior,
174. 175. ^3-i ; vi, 24, 33, temp. Bahram Gur, vii, 85
55 Mihrab, king of Kabul, 141, 142,
Mihr, feast, ix, 40 i, 234, 361; ii, 12,14, 18,21
Mihr, sacred Fire. See Mihr visited by Zal, i, 256

Barzin. tributary to Sam, i, 256
Mihr Azar, priest, vii, 188, 206 daughter of (Rudaba),i, 257,
assists Nushirwan in his V, 203
disputation with Mazdak, praises Zal to Sindukht, i,
vii, 206 260
Mihr Barzi'n, sacred Fire and hears from Sindukht of the
Fire-temple, vi, 201, 212 loves of Zal and Rudaba,
and note i, 284
established by Gushtasp, v, reproaches Rudaba, i, 289

34 Sam sent against, i, 292
GENERAL INDEX 325
Mihr4b, hears of Scim's cominc;, Mihrdn, family, vii, 156
i, 292, 2i)g imjiortance 73
of, viii, 7-:.
IMiiu'ichilir's assent to proverb on, 185 vii,
Zal's marriage,
i, 314 account of, vii, 185
felicitates
Sindukht, i, 315 rivalry of, with family of
Sindukht and, prepare to K4ran, vii, 185
welcome Sam and Zal, i, men of mark among the,
314 vii, 186, 187 ; viii, 74
entertain Sdni and Zal, i, Mihr4n, treasurer to Yazdagird
317 son of Shdpiir, vi, 387
visit Sam, i, 319 Mihrdn, Irdnian general, vii, 251
hears of the birth of Rustam, commands the centre of
i. 323 Nushirwan's host, vii, 251
goes with Z41 and Rustam Mihran, archscribe, viii, 76
to meet Sam, i, 324 sent with Bahram Chubina,
parleys with Shamasas and viii, 106
Khazarwan to gain time, counsels Bahram Chubina,
1,358 viii, 122 and note
writes to summon Zal, i, seeks refuge, viii, 123
359 congratulates Bahram Chu-
IMihrak, Tribal King, 161, vi, 3, bina, viii, 129
199, 237, 238, 237, 267, takes counsel with Kharrad,
268, 270, 272, 273 vif, ; viii, 159
185, 192 flees from Balkh and is
=Mithrak, 206 vi, retaken, viii, 159

slain by Ardshir Papakan, pardoned by Bahram Chu-
vi, 241 bina, viii, 160
daughter of, 161, vi, 3, 241, referred to, viii, 163
256, 257, 268 seq., 272 speech of, viii, 166
escapes, vi, 241, 256, 268 Mihran Sitad, Iranian high priest
referred to in Kaid's and envoy, temp. Nushir-
prophecy, vi, 267 wan, 168, vii, 186, 350,
discovered by Shapiir, vi, 361, 363 ; viii, 96, 100
268 seq. attempt of the Khan to out-
informs Shcipur of her wit, vii, 352
birth, vi, 270 takes charge of the Khan's
marries Shapiir, vi, 270 daughter, vii, 354
birth of her son Urmuzd, receives gifts from the Khan,
vi, 271 vii, 35t>
= Mithrak = Madik = Arda- welcomed on his return, vii,
wan (?), vi, 256 357
importance of, in legend, vi, embassage of, referred to,
257, 2G7 viii, 72, 73

; viii, 72, 97
Mihrak, servant of Niishirwdn, sent for by Murmuzd, viii, 97
viii, 18 19 tells prophecy about
of
Mihran, Indian sage, J59, vi, Bahram Chubina, viii,
91. 97 98, 216
consulted by Kaid about death of, viii, 99
his dreams, vi, 92 seq. Mihran SitAd, merchant, enter-
interprets Kaid's dreams, tains Kluisrau I'arwiz,
vi, 94 S''^- viii, 251
326 GENERAL INDEX
Mihras, father of Ilyas ruler of Minos, king of Crete, vi, 323 note
Khazar, iv, 352 legend of, vi, 323 note
Mihras, Caesar's envoy, vii, Mi'nii, viii, 253 ami note
261 Miniichihr, Shah, 140-142, i, 42,.
negotiates peace with Nush- 90, 91, 209 seq., 274, 275,
irwan, vii, 261 319, 337. 339 seq.,348,
Mihrdat. See Meherdates. 363 ; ii, 19, 29, 33. 36. 37.
Mihrgan, feast, i, 175 and note, 302, 318, 400 ; iii, 9, 30,
iv, 313 ; vi, 230 and note, 87, 115 ; iv, 10, 65, 69,
245 70, 76, 136, 206, 283, 285,
Mihrmas, 200
vi, 298 ; V, 12, 174, 252, 284 ;
Mil as rhyme word, i, 75 vi, 200, 353 ; viii, 219,

Milad, Iranian hero, iii, 11, 12, 223, 392 ix, 103 ;
25, 29, 145, 274, 289, 293, birth of, i, 206

345 iv. 83, 147, 191
; ; vi, etymology of, i, 206 and
394 viii, 72, 211
; note, 234 and note
import of word, viii, 73 Faridun's gilts to, i, 207
customs of, viii, 216 goes to fight Salm. and Tur,
Milad (Taxila), Indian city, vi, i, 216
102, 109, no makes proclamation to the

situation of, vi, 62 host, i, 218
Sikandar approaches, vi, contends against Salm and
98 Tur, i, 219
Military obsequies, temp. Nushir- prepares for a night-sur-
wan, vii, 252 prise, i, 220
Milk, bane of, vii, 125 and note, sends Tur's head to Faridun,
324 " i, 222
easily turned," vii, 317 sends Karan to take the

poisoned by the Evil Eye, Castle of the Alans, i, 223
vii, 320 seq., 324, 325 seq.
Mill, iy6, ix, 89, 116 hears of Karan's success, i,
Miller, a, daughters of, 164 225

becomes Bahram Giir's defeats and slays Karkwi, i,
father-in-law, vii, 34 225 seq.

dignified by Bahram Gur, pursues and slays Salm, i,
vii. 34 227
Miller, a, iy6, ix, 70 pardons Salm's troops, i, 229
Yazdagird and, ix, 99 sends Salm's head and a
informs chief of Zark about letter to Faridun, i, 229
Yazdagird, ix, 100 return of, in triumph, i, 230
informs Mahwl about Yaz- welcomed by P"aridun, i, 230
dagird, ix, loi confided to Sam by Faridun,
bidden to slay Yazdagird, i. 231
ix, 107 enthroned by Faridun, i, 232

fling corpse into stream, mourning of, for, and burial
ix, 108 of, Faridun, i, 233
Miiigrelia, province on the east- Reign of, 141, i, seq. 234
ern shore of the Black Note on, i, 234 seq.
Sea, vii, 215 accession and inaugural
Minister, piece in chess. See address of, i, 237
Wazir. Sam's address to, i, 238
GENERAL IXDEX 327
Minuchilir, hoars of Sdm's find- Mi'rln,provides Gushtisp with a
ing of Zal, i, 2.|.S steed and arms, iv, 330
sons of, i. 248 goes with Gushtasp and
sends Naiidar to congratu- Hishwf to the forest of
late Sam, i, 24S Faskun, iv, 337
summons Sam and Zal to Hishwi and, welcome Gush-
court, i, 24Q tasp on his return, iv, 339
Sam the story of his
ti'lls informs C;csar that he has
quest to, i, 250 slain the wolf, iv, 341
Zal's horoscope taken by marries Caesar's daughter,
order of, i, 251 iv, 341
gifts of, to Sam, i, 251 consulted by Ahran, iv, 342
hears of the case of Zal and refers Ahran to Hishwi, iv,
Riidaba, i, 288 344
advises with the archi- letter of, to Hishwi, iv, 344
mages, i, 288 Ahran and, display their
welcomes Sam, i, 2S9 accomplishment on the
hears of Sam's campaign, i, riding-ground, iv, 349
290 wrath with, iv,35i
Caesar's
bids Sam destroy Mihrab sends a scornful message
and
his belongings, i, 292 to Caesar, iv, 353
receives Zal well, i, 306 set to guard the baggage,
consults the astrologers as to iv, 355
Zal,307 i, Mir Khand (Mirkhond), Persi n
Zal proved by hard ques- historian (A.D. 1433-
tions by order of, i, 308 1498), V, 30 vi. 62, 315
; ;
Zal displays his accomplish- vii, 3, 4, 6, 156, 159, 171,

ment before, i, 311 183, 186 viii, 192
;
gracious reply of, to Sam, i, distich of, quoted, ix, 56

314 Miskal, measure of weight, vi, 24
warned of his death by the and note, viii, 394
astrologers, i, 335 Mist (Egypt), 159, 79, 80, 84,
ii,
counsels, and gives the 94. 96, 143, 286; vi, 114,
throne
to, Naudar, i, 335 115, 122, 181 viii, 381;
dies, 336 i, king of temp. Kai Kaiis, ii,

Minuchihr, son of Arash, iv, 94. 95. 98
149 king of, defeated by Sikan-
commands the troops from dar, vi, 37
Khurasan, iv, 148 welcomes Sikandar, vi,
slaj^s Kuhila, iv, 181 121
commands the left, iv, 191 invaded by Sikandar, vi, 37,
Mirin, Riiman 154 chief, 121
asks Caesar's second daugh- sea of, vi, 120
Dilanjam, in marriage,
ter, Sikandar stays a year in, vi,
iv, 333 121
bidden by Caesar to slay the Mithra, Mitra, god, i, 7
wolf of Faskun, iv, 333 Mithradat. See Meherdates.
casts a horoscope, iv, 334 Mithrak, vi, 20O
asks Hishwi to interest = Mihrak, vi, 206
Gushtdsp in his behalf, =Mihrak=Madik = Arda-
iv, 334 wdn (?), vi, 256
328 GENERAL INDEX
Mithrates. See Meherdates. Mu'awiya, Khalifa (A.D. 661-
Mithradatcs I, Parthian king, ii, 679), i, 12, 13
80 Miibid, i, 83
Modes of speech, viii, 30 Mugliira, son of Shu'ba. See
Mohl, Jules, his edition and Shu'ba Mughira, ix, 69
translation of the Shah- Muhammad, the Prophet (about
nama, i, 76, 77 vi, 60 ; A.D. 571-632), i, 13, 40,
on the Story of Bizhan and 41 ; ii,337 note vi, 65, ;
Manizha, iii, 285, 286 190, 292 viii, 42, 191

; ;
the Worm, 203 vi, ix, 69, 81 seq.

Wisdom-literature, \di, 280 on 'All, i, 12, 106
Mong, Indian city, vi, 18 praise of, i, 106
Monks, ix, 109 quoted, i, 106, v, 166
find and recover corpse of reference of, to Alexander
Yazdagird, ix, loy the Great in the Kuran,
lament over and entomb vi, 15. 77
Yazdagird, ix, 109 seq. Muhammad, birth of, vii, 213
sentences of, over Yazda- Nushirwan and, 120, viii,
gird, ix, 109 seq. 68

slain by Mahwi, ix, 113 divides the Moon, viii, 42,
Monophysite, viii, 195 67
Moola Firooz, i, 201 note letter of, to Khusrau Par-
Moon, one of the seven planets, wiz, ix, 66
i, 72, viii, 395 Flight of, referred to, ix, 122
on the nature of the, zjp, i, Muhammad Kasim, Arab gen-
205 eral, vi, 325
=Tur, i, 223 Muhammad Laskari, friend of
divided by Muhammad, Firdausi, i, 99 ; iii, 286
viii, 42, 67 Muhammad Mahdi, his edition
Moses, Hebrew law-giver, v, 294 of the Shahnama, i, 76
Salt Fish and, legend of, vi, Muhammad, son of Abdii'r-Raz-
77 zak, i, 68, 99
Faith of, vi, 95 Muhammadan, Muhammadans,
Moses of Chorene, Armenian vi, 78 ; viii, 73
historian (5th century elements in Shahnama, viii,
A.D.),i, 72 42
account of Zahhak by, i, 144 ethics respected, viii, 74
Rustam by, i, 236 Mukaffa'. See Ibn Mukaffa'.
Mosul, city in Mesopotamia, vi, Miiltan, city in the Punjab, vii,
322 140
Mountain, mountains, sanctity monarch of, entertained by
of, i, 118 Bahram Giir, vii, 140
of the Holy Questions, i, Mumasenni, tribe, i, 237
62 Munzir, al, dynasty of, i, 55
—skirt (Daman-i-Kuh), iii, Munzir, prince of Hira, temp.
15.91. 95 Yazdagird son of Shapiir
= Rakhsh, iii, 221, 251 and Bahram Giir, 163,
Old man of the, v, 30 164. 394, 406,
—sheep, personification of 408 ;
vi,
vii, 9
372,
the divine Grace, vi, 201, visits Yazdagird, vi, 377

221. See Ram. monarch of Yaman, vi, 378
GENERAL TXDEX 329
Munzir, returns to Yaman with Mush, town west of Lake Van,
Bahrain, vi, 378 viii, 188
chooses nurses for Bahrani, Mushkinab, a miller's daughter,
vi, 37^'' i2 and tiole
vii,
dismisses Jiahram's tutors, taken to wife by Bahram
vi, 3S0 Gur, vii, 33
provides Bahram Gur with Mushkinak, a miller's daughter,
steeds, vi, 380 32 and note
vii,
provides BahrAm Gur with taken to wife by Bahram

slave-girls, vi, 381 Gur, vii, 33
goes to the chase with Bah- Muslim, ix, 85
ram Gur, vi, 384 Mutawakkil, Khalifa (A.D. 847-
sends a picture of Bahrim 861), i, 14
Giir shooting to Yazda- Cypress of Kishmar de-
gird, vi, 385 stroyed by, V, 28
sends Bahram Gur with Mutilation, instances of, vi, 261,
Nu'nian to Yazdagird, vi, 323. 334. 348, 357. 404
386 Mytilene, Chares of, Greek wnriter,
receives a letter from Yaz- temp. Alexander the
dagird, vi, 387 Great, ii, 10 vi, 61 ;
counsels and sends Bahram quoted, iv, 314

Gur a slave-girl and pre-
sents, vi, 388 N
welcomes Bahram Gur on
his return, vi, 390 Nabarzanes, Persian general, vi,
supports Bahram Gur's 32
claim to the throne, vi, pardoned by Alexander the
396 seq. Great, vi, 32
invades fran, vi, 397 Nadir, Shah, iii, 14
interview of, with Jawanwi, Nadr son of Harith, v, 166
vi, 398 seq. recites the story of Rustam
refers Jawanwi to Bahram and Asfandiyar, v, 166
Giir, vi, 398 fate of, V, 166
advises Bahram Gur to Nahavand, city, south of Hama-
negotiate with the Iran- dan, i, 12 ;69 ix, 68,
ians, vi, 401, 404 Yazdagird concentrates his
intercedes with Bahram Gur forces at, ix, 68
for the Iranians, vii, 10 Battle of, i, 12 ix, 69 ;
rewarded by Bahram Gur, Nahid (Katayi'ui, q.v.)

vii, 10 Nahid (Halai, Olympias ?),
Munzir, son of Nu'man, prince of daughter of Failakus and
Hira, temp. Nushirwin, mother of Sikandar, i^g,
i6j, vii, 244 seq. 24 seq., and note
vi,
protected by Niishirwan, married to Darab, vi, 25

vii, 217 troubled by offensive
war of, with Hdrith bin breath, vi, 26
Jabala, vii, 217 cured, but repudiated by
sent by Nushirwan to invade Darab, vi, 26
Rum, vii, 246 returns to l'"ailakus ami
Murddd, ameshaspcnta, i, 88 ; gives birth to Sikandar,
iii, 287, 328 vi, 26
330 GENERAL INDEX
Nahid, visits Dilarai and Rusha- Naphtha, Sikandar 's iron steeds
uak, vi, 89 filled with, 139, vi, 115
referred to, vi, 1S7 Fur's elephants and troops

Nahid, the planet Venus, vi, 214 routed by the use of, vi,
Nahrawan, city near Baghdad, 116
east of the Tigris also a ;
used to vitrify Sikandar's
canal on the eastern bank barrier, vi, 165
of that river, quitting it Nard, game of, i6g, viii, 371
about 100 miles above, invention of, vii, 280, 381,
and rejoining it about 100 382, 389
miles below, Baghdad, sent by Niishirwan to the
vii, 141 viu, 187, 204,
; Raja of Hind, vii, 5, 381
206, 231 meaning of, vii, 381
bridge of, viii, 223, 228 seq. symbolism of, vii, 381
broken down by Khusrau Mas'iidi on, vii, 382
Parwiz, viii, 229 described, vii, 389
Naishapur. See Nishapur. Nariman, Iranian hero, father of
Naitkiin (Antigonus), minister Sam and great-grand-
of Sikandar, name of, father of Rustam, i, 42,
assumed by Sikandar, vi, 174, 207, 212, 239, 299,
66, 125 seq. 333. 344 ii. ; 4, 49, ii5.
119, 125, 126, 162, 354 ;
personates Sikandar, vi, 125
seq. iii, 17. 35 ; V, 196, 199.
Kaidriish and his wife 202, 242, 262, 264, 266,
brought before, vi, 126 289
sentenced to death by, vi, death of, described, i, 329
126 Narimanau, epithet of Kere-
pardoned by, vi, 126 saspa, i, 172, 174
= Sikandar, vi, 131, 133. Narmpai, name of a tribe, 160,
ii, 55 and note, 63, 64 vi, ;
134. 141
Nakula, one of the five Pan- and note
71
davas, iv, 138 Sikandar and, vi, 150
referred to, iv, 139 Narses (Narsi, son of Bahrdm,
Names, use of, in sympathetic q.v.), Saisanian king
magic, i, 8, 177, 179 Narses, Exarch, treatment of, by

and public, viii, 372
secret Empress Sophia, viii, 76
and note Narses, general, viii, 189
Namkhast, Turanian hero, v, 24, Narsi, Ashkanian king, vi, 197,
26 210
Narsi, son of Bahram, Shah
goes as envoy to Gushtasp,
V, 37. 40 (Narses), 162, vi, 3, 313.
returns with Gushtasp's 316. 325. 330. 331. 337 ;
answer, v, 44 vii, 359

given command of the cen- Reign of, vi, 315 seq.
tre, v, 56 Note on, vi, 315
worsted by Girami, v, 59 315
title of, vi,
Napata, city in Nubia, vi, 65 inaugural address of, vi, 315

daughter 262. See
Naphtha, iSg. 56
i, o'f,
black, iv, 208, 209 Niislia.

use of, in sieges, iv, 208, Narsi, brother of Bahram Gur,
209 i(>5, vi, 3 ; vii, 4, 95. i^^
GENERAL 1M)I:X 331
Narsi, made captain of the host, Nastihan, slain by Bizhan, iv,
vii, II 54
regent, vii. 86 Nasti'ih, Iranian hero, ii, 4 ; iii,
fails to persuade the fran- 46 iv, 14S

;
ians to resist the Khan, Nastuh, Turanian hero, iv, 156

vii, 87 Nastiih, son of Mihran Sitad, 77J,
Hahrani Gur's letter to, vii, .
viii, 225, 303
9^ advises Hurmuzd, viii, 96
writes to Bahram (jur on released by Bahrdm Chii-
behalf of the Iranians, vii, bina, viii, 306
94 Nastiir (Basta-vairi, BastvAr),
goes with the chiefs to wel- son of Zarir, 755, v, 12,
come Bahram C.i'ir, vii, 96 25, 26
made ruler of Khurasan, exploits of, foretold by
vii, 99 Jamasp, v, 50
welcomes his brother on his given command of the rear,
return from Hind, vii, 137 V, 55
Narwan, forest of,near Tammisha fights victoriously, v, 60
q.v. i,217, 218 ii, 341 ; ; goes in search of Zarir, v, 67
viii, 35^^ 360. 377 ix, 86 ;
finds Zarir's corpse and
Nasibin (Nisibis, q.v.), vi, 326 laments over it, v, 67
cession of, vi, 355 exhorts Gushtasp to avenge
inhabitants of, refuse to Zarir, v, 68
submit to Shapur, vi, 356 goes forth with Gushtasp 's
taken by Shapur, vi, 356 steed and armour, v, 69
Nasiru'd-Dfn, title of Subuk- challenges Eidirafsh, v, 69
tigin, q.v., i, 21, 100, 114 fights with Bidirafsh, v, 70
Nasr, Amir, brother of Sultan attacks, with Asfandiyar and
Mahmud, i, 21 vi, 196 ; Niish Azar, the Turan-
account of, i, 100 ians, V, 71
referred to, 114 i, leads the host home, is
praise of, i, 114 vi, 207 ;

given a command, and
Nasr, Arab chief, vi, 65 invades Tiiran, v, 74
appeals to Sikandar for stationed on the Iranian
help, vi, 120 left, v, 94
made ruler of Mecca, vi, 121 commands the right, v,-i09
Nasr, son of Ahmad, Samanid, Nastiir, son of Shirin and
vii, 340 Khusrau Parwiz, ix, 39
patron of Riidagi, vii, 383 Nature-worship, of the Aryans,
Nastar, Ca;sar's master of the i. 7. 51
herds, iv, 325 Nau-Ardshir = Nard, vii, 381
refuses to employ Gushtasp, Naubahar, Fire-temple at Balkh,
iv, 326 31
Nastihan, Turanian hero, son of Luhrasp retires to, v, 31
W isa and brother of Naudar, Shah, 142, i, 90, 91,
Pi'ran, 146. 131, i, 92 ii, ; 369 ii, 20, 36, 70, 153.
;
264 iii, 79. 198, 210, 231,

; 336, 400, 404 ; iii, 8, 24,
25^ iv, 53 seq., 61, 75.
; 39, 50, 57. ^7. «6, 112,
77 123, 187, 215,
132, 177,
pursues Kai Khusrau, ii, 257, 294, 327
28CJ, >v, ;
377 ^''l- 13, 61, 70, 157. 167, 178,

332 GENERAL INDEX
Naudar — cont. Nearchus, admiral of Alexander
191, 193. 206, 237, 254, the Great, vi, 12, 61, 70
262, 267 ; vii, 37, 171 ; Ichthyophagi, account of
viii,223, 242 by, quoted by Arrian, vi,
embassies of, to Sam, i, 248, 69, 70
288 Nectanebus II (Nekht-neb-f),
returns with Sam to court, i, the last Pharaoh
289 personates Amcn-Ra and
counselled by Miniichihr and becomes the legendary
appointed his successor, i, father of Alexander the
335 Great, vi, 16
laments for Miniichihr, i, story of, vi, 18 and note
336 Need, personification of. See
Reign of, 142, i, 337 seq. Greed.
Note on, i, 337 Negroes, the, described, vi, 73,
accession of, i, 339 157
evil rule of, i, 339 cause frost and snow to
revolts against, i, 339 harm
Sikandar, vi, 156,
appeals to Sam, i, 339 157
the chiefs reconciled to, Nekht-neb-f. See Nectanebus.
by Sam, i, 341 Nereis. See Kale.
rewards Sam, i, 342 Nero, Roman emperor (A.D. 54-
marches against Afrasiyab 68), vii, 279
to Dahistan, i, 345 Neryosang, ii, 82
battles of, with Afrasiyab, Nestorian, Nestorians, viii, 195
i, 348 seq. Metropolitan, vii, 219
takes counsel with Karan, Patriarch, vii, 219
i. 349 New Year, Persian, beginning of,
defeated, i, 350, 353 i, 74. 88
sends Tus and Gustaham Feast of (Nauriiz, New

to conduct the Persian Year's Day), i, 74, 274 ;
women to Alburz,
351 i, vii, 94, 200
beleaguered in Dahistan, i, origin of, i, 133
353 Nicaea, Indian city, vi, 18
escapes from Dahistan, i, Nicephorium (Callinicus, Kalini-
355 yiis q.v., Warigh, Rakka),
pursued and taken by Afra- viii, 188
siyab, i, 355 Nicolaus of Damascus, Greek
slain, i, 363 historian temp. Augustus,
the Iranians bewail, i, 364 vi, 195
Nauriiz, Persian New-year's day Nil, as rhyme-word, i, 75
when the sun enters Aries, Nile, i, 40, 71, 114, 297 ; ii, 96,
vi, 33. 55, 273, 389 via, ; 153. 217, 310, 402 ill, ;
216 38, 41, 58, 208, 224, 225 ;

Nawand, place in Khurasan on iv, 145 seq., 180, 333 v, ;
the Binaliid Kuh (?), ii, 176, 188, 191, 245 vi, 42, ;
107 169, 171, 269 vii, 48, ;
Naztab, a miller's daughter, vii, 250, 344, 416 viii, 126, ;
32 and note 284. 293, 294 ix, 98 ;
taken to wife by Bahram Blue, vi, 65

Giir, vii, 33 mistaken for Indus, vi, 68
GENERAL IMjEX 333
Ni'inri'iz— Si'stan=ZabulistAn,' i, Niydtus (Theodosius, of son
252. 264, 346, 357 ; ii, 21, Maurice), Jjj, viii, 189,
34. 69, 77. So, 84, 338, 281, 289 ix, 23 ;
395 ; iii. 17, 35, 319 ; iv, brother of Crcsar, viii, 280,
136. 188; V, 85, 248, 288 ; 310
vii, 327 viii, 196, 284; ; put in charge of Maryam,
ix, 5, 6 vi'i, 280
conlirmcd to Rustam by Kai welcomed by Khusrau I'ar-
Khusrau, iv, 297 wiz, 280
viii,
Zal by Luhrasp, iv, 312 WToth with Khusrau Par-
Sikandar marches to, vi, 175 wiz, viii, 290
satrapy of, ix, 69 watches fight between Khus-
Nineveh, viii, 193 rau Parwiz and Bahram
fall of, i, 10 Chubi'na, viii, 297
kings of, that attacked entertained at banquet by
Iran, i, 10 Khusrau Parvviz, viii, 309
battle near, viii, 194 quarrel of, witli Bandwi,
Ninus, mythical founder of viii, 309
Nineveh, v, 292, 293 threat of, to Khusrau Par-

Ninyas, son of Ninus, v, 293 wiz, viii, 310
Niris, salt lake in Pars, vi, 17 reconciled to Pandwi, viii,
referred to, vi, 21 3"
Nisa, city (Muharamadabad ?) returns to Rum, viii, 312
in Khurasan or town in Nizami, Persian poet, viii, 192
Kirman, vii, 89 viii, 19 ; Nizami-i-'Arudi, Persian writer
Nishapiir, city in Khurasan,* i, {12th century A.D.), i,
36, 45 ii, loi iv, 255
; ; ; 23
V, 28 seq., 291 ; vi, 298 ; account of Firdausi by, i, 38
viii, 173 ; ix,95 seq., 45, 46
Nisibis (Xas.'bfn q.v.), city in Noldeke, Professor, v, 20, 21,
northern Mespotamia, i, 2S2 vi, igS note, 199 and
;
374 note, 253, 313, 372 viii, ;
sieges of, i, 374, viii, 41 71, 188

peace of, vi, 254 on the div Akwan, iii, 271
cession of, hy Jo. ian, vi, 326 quoted, v, 118
by Khusrau Parvviz (?), treatise of, on the Alexander
viii, 188 Romance, etc., vi, 14 and
Nisus and Scylla, story of, vi, 7!0te
323 note on the Story of the Worm,

Nitetis, vi, 16 vi, 203, 205, 206
Nivzar, son of Gushtasj), 755, v, on llaftwad, vi, 206
2O on the Gipsies, vii, 6
death of, foretold by Jam- on Sufarai, vii, 171, 185
asp, V, 50 on Wisdom-literature, vii,
slain, V, 60 281
'Prop'rly speakinR, ZiUmlisliiii is llie name of tin- hilly cmiiUi y about the
upper waters of the lliliiuiml, while Niinriiz and Sibtiin are synonymous
nam s for the low lying lands inio which i:s waters di scend, but I-'irdausi does not
seem to make any such liistinciion.
•
The city has sullered much in the past from the ravages of war and earth-
quake and has been rebuilt SLveral times on tlightly varying siicts,
334 GENERAL INDEX
Noldcke, on Romance of Baliram Niish Azar, Firc-templc at
Chiibina, viii, 73 Balkh, V, 92 note, 173,
North, Sir Thomas (A.D. 1535- 24^,255
1603 ?), vii, 383 burnt by the Turkmans, v,
version of the Fables of 93
Bidpai by, vii, 383 Nush Azar, youngest son of
Northman, the, vi, 19 Asfandiyar, ii, 3, v, 166,
found the Russian empire, 283, 285
vi, 19 attacks, with Nastiir and
Note on Pronunciation, preced- Asfandiyar, the Turanian
ing text in each volume host, V, 71
Nubia, vi, 65 builder of a Fire-temple, v,
Niih bin Nasr, Samanid prince 81
(A.D. 942-954). vii, 5 with Asfandiyar at Gum-
Niih II. bin Mansiir, Samanid badan, v, 98
prince (A.D. 976-997), i, informs Asfandiyai of Jam-
2t, 36 V, 21 ; asp's arrival, v, 98, 99
Nu'man, prince of Hira, 162, accompanies Asfandiyar
vi, 372, 396, 404
164, from Gumbadan, v, 103
visitsYazdagird, vi, 377 slays Turkhan, v, 151
goes to the chase with Bah- wrangles with Zawara, v, 226
ram Gur, vi, 384 slays Aiwa, v, 226
goes to the Persian court slain by Zawara, v, 227
with Bahram Giir, vi, death of, reported to Asfan-
. 386 diyar by Bahman, v, 227
returns to Yaman with corp.se of, sent to Gushtasp,
letters and presents, vi, V, 232
387 Nushirwan (Kisra, Chosroes I),
welcomes Bahram Gur on Shah, 166-1J0, i, 27, 42 ;
his revisiting Yaman, vi, V, 260 vi, 3, 201

; vii, 4, ;
390 199, 220, 273 seq., 279 seq.,

invades Tran,
vi, 397 320 viii, 3 seq., 71, 72,
;
rewarded by Bahram Gur, 86 seq., 98, 129, 169, 108,

10vii, 200, 205, 209, 300, 312,
Nu'min bin Munzir, prince of 313. 377 ix, 22, 26, 71,
:
Hira, viii, 188 ix, 5 ; 80, 92, 105, 109, no, 119
put to death, viii, 190 collector of Iranian tradi-
Nu'man, Arab general, ix, 68 tion, i, 67
sent by 'Umar to fight quoted, vi, 208, 209 anî
Yazdagird, ix, 68 note

defeats Piriizan at Naha- ori<în of name, vii, 1S5, 211
vand, ix, 68 and note
slain, ix, 69 birth of, stories of, vii, 18O,
Nurse, Manizha's, iii, 297 197 seq.
interview of, with Bizhan, assistants of, against Maz-
297
iii, dak, vii, 188, 206
Niisha (Dukhtnush), daughter of upbringing of, vii, 200
Narsi, 162, vi, 3, 324, Mazdak's attempt to con-
331 vert, vii, 205
carried off by the Arabs, vi, disputation of, with Maz-
323. 330 dak, vii, 206 seq.
GENflR.U. INDEX 335
Nuslurwi'in, Kiibad dt-ciiles in NushirwSn, method of, in levying
favour of, vii, 208 tioops, vii, 233
executes Mazdak and his wtites to Caesar on Munzir's
followers, \ii, 208 behalf, vii, 245
Kii bad's testament in favour supplies Munzir with troops
of vii, 210, 316 for the invasion of Rum,
Reign of, i6y, vii, 212 seq. vii, 246
Notes on, vii, 212 scq., 279 goes to A/.ar AbadagAn, vii,
seq., 316 seq., 380 seq., 250

viii, 3 seq., 41 seq. disposition <.)l host by, vii,
Roman Emperors contem- 251
porary with, vii, 212 addresses his troops, vii, 251
historical events of reign of, proclamations of, vii, 252,
in the Shahnama, vii, 213 365
marriage of, with the daugh- burial of dead soldiers by,
ter of the Khan vii, 347, vii, 232
seq. policy of, with enemies, vii,

referred to, viii, 72, 97 seq. 253
waisof, with Rum, vii, 213, takes Shi'irab, vii, 254
217 Arayish-i-Rum, vii, 255
first campaign of, vii, 218, Caesar's treasures, vii,
249 255. 258

cons}iiracy against, vii, 214, defeats Farfurius, vii, 256
316 takes Antakiya, vii, 258
division of empire by, vii, disposes of the Ruman cap-
214, 224 ix, 69
; tives, vii, 259, 327
bargains of, with Justinian, Ruman cordwainer and, vii;
vii, 214, 216 seq. 260

taxation reformed by, vii, envoy fiom Caesar comes
215, 224 to, vii, 261
wall of, in the Caucasus, J67, grants peace to Caesar, vii,
i, 16 ; vii, 215, 239 262

JMas'udi's account of, vii, appoints Shirvvi to receive
215 the Ruman tribute, vii,
dealings of, with the Alans, 262
vii, 216 Christian wife of, vii, 263
Gildn, vii, 216 mother of Nushzad, \ ii,
Baluchis, vii, 217 263, 274 seq.

Munzir supported by, vii, helps Nushzad, vii, 266
217, 244 laments for Nushzad, vii,

and consequent war with 276
Riim, vii, 217, 244 imprisons Nushzad, vii, 264
jealous of Justinian's suc- illness and reported death
cesses in the West, vii, of, vii, 264, 265
217 hears of Nushzad's revolt,

promises to rule justly, vii, vii, 266
221 seq. instructs Ram Barzin how
attends muster at the insist- to act, vii, 267 seq.
ence of liabak, vii, 231 Seven Bancjuets of 168, vii,
approves of liabak's con- 280, 287 seq.

duct, vii, 232 possiule origin of, vii, 280
336 GENERAL INDEX
Nushirwan, Seven Banquets of, Nushirwan, leceives the tiibute
Buzurjmihr's discourses from Rum, vii, 362
at, vii, 287 seq. goes to the temple of Azar-
dream of, vii, 282 gashasp, vii, 363
consults the archmagos, vii, greatness of, vii, 364
282 questions Buzurjmihr, vii,
seeks for a dream-interpre- 367 seq.
ter, vii, 2^2 receives the game of chess
dieam of, interpreted by from Hind, vii, 380, 385
Buzurjmihr, vii, 284 Raja of Hind's embassy to,
rewards and honours Bu- îi. 384
zurjmihr, vii, 286, 289, 304, rewards Buzurjmihr for dis-

311. 315 .
coveiing how to play
_
relations of, with Singiba, chess, vii, 388

vii, 317 sends Buzurjmihr with pre-
the Haitalians, vii,"317 sents and the game of
with Mahbud and his sons, nard to Hind, vii, 390
vii, 319 seq. proposes wager with the
suspects Zuran, vii, 324 Raja, vii, 391
greatness of, vii, 327 welcomes Buzurjmihr on
buildings of, vii, 327 his return from Hind, vii,
embassy of Khan to, vii, 329 393
consults the chiefs as to acquires the Book of Kalila
Faghanish, the Khan, and and Dimna, 423 vii, seq.

the Haitalians, vii, 333 sends gifts to the Raja, vii,
leply of chiefs to, vii, 334

rejoinder of, to chiefs, vii, rewards Barzwf, vii, 429
336 precautions of, as to suc-
prepares for war with the cessor, viii, 3

Khan, vii, 337 goes hunting with Buzurj-
writes to his chiefs, the mihr, viii, 4
Khan, and Faghanish, suspects and disgraces
vii. 337 Buzurjmihr, viii, 5
marches from Mada'in, vii, treats Buzurjmihr with in-
337 creasing ligour, viii, 7, S

goes to Gurgan, vii, 337 reconciled to Buzurjmihr,
receives embassy from the viii, 9
Khan, vii, 339 questioned by archimagcs,
holds a court, 340 vii, viii, 14 seq., 28 seq.
his
displays his prowess before gives judgment against
the assembly, vii, 341 own son, viii, 16
dismisses the Khan's envoy chief cook of, aggrieved, viii,
with a letter, vii, 344 18

Khan's offer of affinity to, counsels Hurmuzd, viii, 25
vii, 347 seq.
writes to console Caesar's
reply of, vii, 349
occupies territory evacuated son and successor, viii,
by the Khan, vii, 358 43

Haitalians and others bring wroth at answer received,
gifts to, vii, 360, 362 viii, 45
gives praise to God, vii, 361 invades Rum, viii, 46

GENER.U. IXDEX 337
NushirwAn, success of, viii, 47 Niishzdd, goes to fight with Rdm
checked, viii, 47 Barzin, vii, 272
in want of money,
viii, 47 exhorted to yield by Piriiz,
takes counsel with Biizurj- vii, 273
mihr, viii, 47 reply of, to Piruz, vii, 274
refuses advances from a wounded, vii, 275
shoemaker, viii, 50, 71 repents, vii, 275
high esteem of, for scribes, sends message to his mother,
viii, 50 vii. 275
grants peace to, and takes dies, vii, 275
tribute from, the Kumans, lamentation for, vii, 276
viii, 52 Firdausi's reflections on, vii,
returns to Taisafi'in, viii, 53 276
sons of, viii, 56, 63
instructs Biizurjmihr to
prove Hurmuzd, viii, 56 O
seq.
testament of, in favour of, Oasis of Ammon, vi, 65
and last counsels to, Alexander the Great's visit
Hurmuzd, viii, 61 seq, ; ix, to, vi, 65
22 Oblivion, Castle of, vii, 184
directions of, as to inter- Obsequies, military, in the time
ment, viii, 65 of Nuslurvvan, vii, 252
hall of, shattered, viii, 68 Oceanus, Homeric and Oriental,
death of, \iii, 69, 71 i. 71
system of administration of, Odatis, Scythian princess, iv, 315
viii, 71 legend of, iv, 315
ministers of, put to death by Odenathus, Arab chief, vi, 222
Hurmuzd, 81 seq. viii, Shapiir son of Ardshir and,
choice of Hurmuzd by, story vi, 294, 325
of, viii, 87 confused with Valerian, vi,
palace of, viii, 193 324 seq.
dream of, ix, 92 Odorico, Minorite Fiiar and tra-
Niish Zad = Mihr-i-Nush, q.v., veller (A.D. 1286-1331),
V. 285 and note vi, 13
Nushzad, father of Mihrak, Old Man of the Mountain, the, v,
vi, 237, 241, 267, 270, 30
273 Olives, taxes on, vii, 215, 225
Nushzad, son of Nushirwin, Olympias (N^hid, Halai ?), wife
i6y, vii, 213, 265, seq. of Philip of Maccdon and
histoiical account of, vii, 219 mother of Alexander the
Firdausi's account of, vii, Great
263 seq. legendary relations of, with
education of, vii, 263 Nectanebus, vi, 16, 18
imprisonment of, vii, 264 choice by, of name for her
hears report of Niishirwdn's son, vi, 19
death, vii, 265 intrigues of, vi, 82
revolts, vii, 266 Omartes, Scj^thian chief, iv, 315
helped by his mother, vii, legend of, iv, 315
266 Omen, ii, 192, v, 177
writes to Caesar, vii, 266 of the quince, ix, 13, 14
VOL. IX. Y
33^ GENERAL INDEX
Omphis, Indian king, vi, 62 Page, of Nushi'rwan, viii, 5
Onager, the div Akwan as, iii, seq.
273 seq. relative of Biizurjmihr, viii,
Bahram Chubina guided by, 5
viii, 156, 158 instructed by Buzuijmihr,
Onesicritus, chief pilot of Alex- viii, 6
ander the Great and takes messages between
writer, vi, 67 Nushirwan and Biizurj-
untrustworthy, vi, 12, 61, 67 mihr, viii, 6 seq.
Fakirs and, vi, 61 Pahlav, region, ii, 77, 102 ; iii,
Calanus and, vi, 61 222

Mandanes and, vi, 61 Pahlavan, i, 83 vi, 194 ;
Onnes, minister of Ninus, v, 292, Pahlavi, middle Persian language

.293 of Ashkanian (Parthian)
Ordeal by fire, ii, 218 seq. and Sasanian times, vii,
Ormus (Hurmuz), city on the 6, 113, 188, 380 seq. ; viii,
Persian Gulf, vi, 204 73. 74 ; ix. 50
Osrhoene, kingdom in northern meaning of, i, 64, 83
Mesopotamia, vi, 198 Firdausi's use of the word,
Othello, play of, quoted, vi, 324 i, 69
Owls, Mas'iidi's apologue of the, Fables of Bidpai translated
vi, 310 into, vii, 382
and Crows, story of, viii, 263 language (middle Persian),
and note v, 24, 26, vi, 194
Ox, the first, i, 5 texts, ii, 27 v, 13, 14, 24,
;
legend of the, i, 117, 236 30, vi, 195, 196, 257

;
Ox of Kai Kaiis, ii, 26 version of the Pseudo-Callis-

Ox-hide, or skin, filled with gold thenes, vi, 14, 16, 84
as tribute, v, 265 and writing and reading, con-
note ; vii, 262, 363 ; viii, fusion in, vi, 14, 62, 205,
46, 52, 53 206
Oxus (Jihiin, q.v.), river, i, 57 ; Paiddwasi, Persian coin = five
ii, 190 ; v, 12, 29, ; vii, dinars, vii, 95 and note,
156. 317 viii, 72; viii, 381 and note ; ix,
ancient trade-route, i, 57 19
confused with Aras, i, 71, Paighu = Turanian, v, 13, 21
370 38 note, 41 note, 44
7Jote,
change in course of, i, 57 note viii, 190

;
note, iii, 10 Paikar-i-Guid, melody, viii, 398

referred to, ix, 117 and note, and note
118 Pairika. See Pari.
Oxyartcs, father of Roxana Palace of Jewels, 160
(Riishanak), wife of Alex- Paladins, 154
ander the Great, vi, 32 Palashan, Turanian hero, 147,
iii, 26, 79
surveys the Iranian host,
iii, 69
slain by Bizhan, iii, 70

Padashkvar, a mountain or sec- Palawina (Cappadocia), vi, 294,
tion of the Alburz range, 297, 298
i, 338 Palestine, vi, 30
GENERAL INDEX 339
Palladius, bishop, vi, 6i, 62 Parmuda, approaches Balkh,
treatise of, on the Brah- viii, 134
mans, vi, 61 attacks and is defeated by
j'
interpolated into the Bahrdm Chubina, viii,

Pseudo-CaUisthenes, vi, 134 seq.
61 escapes to .'\w4za, viii, 138
Palmyra, city in Syrian desert, besieged by Bahram Chii-
324 vii, 217
vi, 294, 322, ; ! bina, viii, 138 seq.
Palus Maeotis (Sea of Azoff), vi, negotiates surrender of
73 Awaza with Bahram Chii-
Pandavas, the five, iv, 138, 139 bina, viii, 139 seq.
pilgrimage of, compared surrenders Awaza and sets
with that of Kai Khusrau out for fran, viii, 143
and his paladins, iv, 138 insulted by Bahram Chu-
Pand Namah, of Moola Firooz, i, bina, viii, 144
201 note Bahram Chubina tries to
Pandnamak-i Vadsh6rg-Mitr6-i placate, viii, 145
Bukhtakan, PahlavT text, Pars (Persis, FdrsistAn), country
vii, 279 on the eastern shores of
Pandu, Indian king, iv, 316 the Persian Gulf, 142, 153.
Papak, Tribal King, 160, vi, 3, 160, i, 351, 353, seq., 357,
194. 195. 198 seq., 2H 368, 371 ii, 23, 28, 76.
;
note and seq., 227, 252, loi, 226, 275, 286, 362,
254. 256 ; viii, 214. 219 410 ; iv, 146, 256, 269,
and note, 285 270, 318 ; V, 293, vi, 17.
;
Sasan and, vi, 212 25, 32 note, 37, 45, 115,

daughter of, marries Sdsan, 119, 194 and passim vii, ;
160, vi, 213 86, 90, 95. 190, 194. 201,

mother of Ardshir Papa- 206, 214, 224 viii, 109 ;
kan, viii, 214 note. 112, 216, 241, 393,

Ardawan's letter to, vi, 214 395 ix, 68
;
dies, vi, 218 corpse of Darius Codomanus

kindred of, support Ardshir sent to, vi, 33
Papakan, vi, 223 seq. Ardshir Papakan fiees to, vi,
Papakan Ardshir. See Ardshir 220
Papakan. marches from, against Ar-
Parable, Mazdak's, vii, 201 dawan, vi, 227
Paradise Lost referred to, vi, 71 returns to, vi, 229
Pari, i, 83, 172 Iranians, after the death of
Paris, city, MSS. of the Pseudo- Yazdagird son of Shapiir,
Callisthenes in National meet to consult in, \i, 394
Library at, vi, 14 64
Parsi's, ix,
Parmuda {see too Khdn of Chin), Part Kings. See Tribal Kings.
170, lyi, viii, 75, 117, 130, Parthia, kingdom, v, 10
12,6 seq., 146, 1^0 seq., 164, Hystaspcs governor of, v,
174 10
hears of Bahr4m Chubina's Parthian, Paithians, i 10, 60, 64 ;
victory and takes counsel, vi, 203, 256, 322 vii, 156; ;
viii, 131 viii, 73

marches toward Jihun, viii, conquest of fran by, i, 19
131 Zoioastrianism under, i, 63
340 GENERAL INDEX
Parthian, dynasty, iii, 9, ii v, ; Periods, mythic and historic, of
281 vi, 194, 201
; Shahnama, i, 49, 53
uses the title of King of Perozes (Piruz), Sasanian king,
kings, vi, 197 v'ii, 159
Great King, vi, 198 Persepolis (Istakhr), city in

history, events of, repro- Pars, vi, 31, 32 note, 373 ;
duced in distorted form in ix, 65

Shahnama, iii, 11 buildings at, attributed to
kingdom, ii, 80 Humai, v, 293
Parvviz, Iranian chief, vi, 394 Zoroastrian sciiptuies said
Parwiz, meaning of, viii, 187. to have been burnt at, i,
See too Khusrau Parwiz. 63
Pashan (Ladan), battle of, iii, 15, Persia,i, 308 ii, 191 iii, 109,
; ;
80, 89 ; iv, 27, 36, 42, 128 iv, 8 ; v, 306 note ; ;
90, 206 ; viii, 397 and vi, 61, 278 vii, 118, 129, ;
note 381 viii, 195

; ix, 66 ;
Pashang, father of Miniichihr, i, Chess brought to, vi, 201 ;
90 iii,
; 25 (?) iv, 136, ; vii, 280, 284 seq.
marries daughter of fraj ;
Fables of Bidpai brought to,
i, 205 vii, 213, 423 seq.
Pashang, ruler of Turan and Persian, Peisians, i, 6, 8 seq., 73,

father of Afrasiyab, 142 ; 74 ; ii, 190 ; v, 74 ; vi, 30
i, 92, 336, 337 ii. II. 13. ; 44, 45, 81, 143, 148, 157,
18, 20, 21, 297, 401 iii, ; 170, 201 and passim
15 iv, 78, 136, 151, 174,
; bard, quoted, vii, 265
222, 266, 289 dispute with the Riimans
consults his chiefs as to war over Sikandar's burial, vi,
with fran, i, 342 184
bids Afrasiyab invade fran, empire, ii, 9 ; vi, 197, ix, 65
i, 343. 375 war with Riim, viii, 41
of,
advised by Ighriras not to history and legend in rela-
make wai, i, 344 tion to Greek history and
overrules Ighriras, i, 344 legend, ii, 9
Afrasiyab's letter to, i, 346 language, 147, 205 vii,
vi, ;
wroth with AfrasiyAb, i, 134, 140, 143, 430 ix, 12, ;
374
Pashang (Shida, q.v.), son of monks introduce the silk-
Afrasiy4b, i, 92 iii, 15 ;
worminto Europe, vi, 204
Pashin, son of Kai Kubad. See mutilation of captives, vi,
Kai Pashin. 323. 334. 348, 357- 404
Pashin, Iranian noble, vi, 408 sea or gult, vi, 204, 205, ix,
Patashwargar, region, vi, 202 and 66, 68
note swords, vii, 135
Pat-khusrau, brother of Gush- wisdom-literature, vii, 278
tasp, V, 26 seq., viii, 3
Patrician, iv, 348 verse, vii, 383
Patrons of Fiidausi, i, 29 Fables of Bidpai trans-
Pauravas, Indian race and dyn- lated into, vii, 383
asty, vi, 31 conquest of Yaman, viii, 24
Pauriishasp. See Pourushaspa. note
Pel fumes, invention of, i, 133 raid Syiia, viii, 41
GEN ERA J. INDEX .rfi
iVisiaii, iVrsians, defeat by Phosi)hf)r, UKiining star, ii, 123

Romans rcfcrictl tt), viii, Piiolius, (luoted, viii, 191
Phraates 11, Parthian king,
war with Turks, viii, jj (13. C. 13S-127), ii. So, 81
Book of Kings, viii, 73 Phraates = Farh ad, iii, 11
Tabari. See Tabari. Phrygians, the, vi, 71
= Bahram Chubina, viii, 113 Pil, as rhyme-word, i, 75
= Hurmuzd, viii, 116, 117 Pillar, Bahram Giii 's, vii, 92, 160,
prince = Bahrain Chubina, i6t, 164
viii, 319 Pilsam, Turanian hero, 1^4, 146,
ideas on marriage, ix, 7 ii, 112 seq., 320, 323 note,
= Ashtdd and Kharrad, ix, 350 seq. : iii, 204
24 pleads for Siyawush, ii, 315
exonerate Shiiin, ix, 38 summons I'lran to save Far-
win The Battle of
'
tlie angis, ii, 322

Biidge,' ix, 67 Piran, son of Wisa, Turanian
fail in attack on Hira, ix, 67 hero, cousin, commander-
defeat of, at Kadisiya, ix, in-chief, and counsellor of
67, 84 Afrasiyab, 145, 146, 148-
Jalula, ix, 68 152, i, 92 ii, 3, 112, 188,
;
Xahavand, ix, 69 257 seq., 264, 277, 291,

Shu'ba Mughira's embassy 3". 315, 316. 335, 350,
to, ix, 69 370. 377. 379 seq., 397.
robes, ix, 94 398 iii,
; 13, 26 note, 39,
transcribe Shalmama for 42, 58, 90, 91, 98 seq., 102,
Firdausi, ix, 121 108, 120, 122, 123, 125,
Persica, of Ktesias, v, 293 142, 149 seq., 158, 160,
Persis (PArs, Farsistan), vi, 195 161, 169, 181 seq., 192, 193,
Pesho-tanu (Bishutan q.v.), v, 199 seq., 216 seq., 222,
12 227, 232, 234, 242, 252,
Pestilence, in reign of Kubad, ix, 253. 259, ?>05 seq., 335 ê?-.
3. 7 349, 350, 357 iv, 7. 10 ;
.
Petroleum, in ancient cult and seq., 15 seq., 29 seq., 36,

modem industry, i, 56 seq. 38, 41, 47, 59 seq., 88 seq.,
Pharasmanes, King of Kharazm, 93 seq., 103, 106 seq., 117,
vi, 72 118, 129, 134, 145, 159,
Philip II of Macedon, (Failakus, 160, 162, 205, 206 ; viii,
B.C. 382-336), father of 414
Alexander the Great, i, character of, i, 55
55 note, 29 vi, 16, identical with Harpagus in
Nectanebus and, story of, legend, ii, 191
vi, 18 advises Afrdsiyab to receive
names his son Alexander, Siyciwush, ii, 253 note and
vi. 19 seq.
Philon, Macedonian noble, vi, 76 goes to welcome Siydwush,
Philosophers, Greek, enter- ii, 258 seq.
tained by Niishirwin, vii, daughter of, 145. See J arira.

280 arranges marriages for
Phocas, Eastern Roman Em- Siy4wush, 145, ii, 26S
peror, viii, 187, 189, 193, seq.
194 entertains Siydwush, ii, 278
34^ GENERAL INDEX
I'l'ran, offers to licl]i Siyawush to Piran, goes to Khutan, 107 lii,
builtl Gang-dizh, ii, 27S goes to oppose Tus, 117 iii,
prophecy of Siyawush to, ii, informs Afrasiyab of the

2S2 seq. Iranian invasion, iii, 118
goes to collect tribute, ii, 285 reinforced, iii, 118
visits Siyawush, ii, 2S7 joins battle with Tus, iii, iiS
Afrasiyab, ii, 288 sends a wailock to bring a
summoned to save Far- snowstorm on the Iran-
angis, ii, 322 seq. ians, iii, 128
pleads for Farangis, ii, 324 defeats the Iranians, iii, 131
takes charge of Farangis, ii, takes counsel with his chiefs,
325 iii, 133
dreams of Siyawush, ii, 325 pursues the Iranians, iii, 134
protects the infant Kai sends Lahhak and Human
Khusrau, ii, 326 seq. on in advance, iii, 135
advises Afrasiyab respecting reaches Mount Hamawan,
Kai Khusrau, ii, 356 iii, 137
sends Kulbad and Nastihan beleaguers the Iranians, iii,
to pursue Kai Khusrau, 138
ii. 377 attacked by Tus, iii, 139
overthrown with his host hears of the approach of
by
Giv, ii, 385 reinf 01 cements, iii, 151
appeals to Kai Khusrau, ii, haiangues his host, iii,151
386 goes to meet his allies, iii,
released, ii, 387 153
desciibes Giv's prowess to plan of campaign of, re-
Afiasiyab, ii, 389 jected, iii, 162
disgraced, ii, 390 hears of the arrival of Iran-
retires to Khutan, ii, 390 ian succouis, 164 seq.iii,
appointed to oppose the Rustam, 174 iii,
Iranians, iii, 71, 79 takes counsel with Kami'is

marches on Giravgard to and the chiefs, iii, 175, 182
surprise the Iranians, iii. attacks the Iranians, iii, 176
80 describes Rustam to Kamus,
captures the Iranians' herds, iii,183
iii, 81 parleys with Rustam, iii, 202
defeats the Iranians, iii, 82, reports to his kindred his
94 interview with Rustam,
^
Ruhham's embassy to, iii, 87 iii, 206

grants a month's aimistice declines Rustam's terms, iii,
to Fariburz, iii, 88 217

losses of, in battle, iii, 94 retieats,iii, 231
takes half of Kawa's stand- counsels Afrasiyab, iii, 253
ard, iii, 94 uiges Afiasiyab to with-
sends Ruin to attack Bah- draw to Chin, iii, 265
ram, iii, 98 city of, iii, 335
goes to see Bafiram, iii, 99 enteitains Rustam in dis-
hears of the Iranians' re- guise, iii, 335
treat, iii, 105 pursues Rustam, iii, 349
informs Afrasiyab and resent by Afrasiyab to invade
turns in triumph, iii, 106 Iran, iv, 11
GENERAL INDEX 313
PirAn, liokls park-y with (ii'v, iv, Piran, instructs them, iv, 95
JO holds a parley with Gudarz
informs Afrcisiyab, iv, 20 and arranges with liim
receives reinforcements, iv, the Battle of the Eleven
20 Rukhs, iv, 95 seq.
rejects Giv's overtures, iv, steed of, slain by Gudarz,
21 iv, 107
occupies Kandbad, iv, 22 falls under his steed and is
arrays his host, iv, 25 injured, iv, 107

gives the centre to Huni4n flees from Gudarz, iv, 107
iv. 25 refuses to surrender, iv,
left to Burjisp, iv, 26 108
right to Lahhdk and wounds Gudarz, iv, 108
Farshidward, iv, 26 slain by Giidarz, iv, 109
sets scouts on the mountain- lamented for by Lahhak
top, iv, 26 and Farshidward, iv, 112
dissuades Human from Kai Khusrau, iv, 127
fighting, iv, 30 buried with the Turanian
heais of Hiimdn's death, iv, champions by Kai Khus-
51 rau, iv, 128
sends Nastihan to make a death of, announced to
night-attack, iv, 53 Afiasiydb, iv, 151
hears of Neistihan's death, treasures of, taken pos-
55
iv, session of by AfrasiyAb, iv,
attacks Giidarz, iv, 55 219
proposes terms to Gudarz, Piriiz (Perozes), ShAh, 166, vi, 3 ;
iv, 63 vii, 4, 153, 178 seq., 335,

sends Ruin with letter to 359 ; viii, 73, 75, 168,
Gudarz, iv, 67 242, 245, 267, 285
receives Giidarz' reply, iv, 74 passed over in the succes-
haiangues his troops and sion by Yazdagird, vii,
prepares for battle, iv, 75 155
sends messenger to Afra- helped by the HaitaHans,
siyab, iv, 75 vii, 156, 157
receives Afrasiy4b's reply, defeats Hurnûz, vii, 157
iv, 80 Hurmuz pîrdoncd by, vii,
becomes despondent, iv, 81, 156, 158
98 Reign of, 166, vii, 159 seq.
sends LahhAk Far- and Note on, vii, 159 seq.
shfdward to the take calamities of, \ii, 159
Trinians in flank, iv, 82 title of, vii, 159
fights with Gfv, iv, 84 relic of, vii, 159
appeals to Lahhak and measures of, against drought

Farshidward for help, iv, vii, 159, 162
85 cities of, vii,

159, 163
announces the
proposed expedition of, against the
Battle of Eleven Rukhs, HaitaHans, vii, 159, 164
iv, 94 seq.
gives the chief command to tradition of, vii, 160
Lahhdk and Farshidward, in mythical story, vii.
iv, 94 161
344 GENERAL INDEX
Piruz (Perozes), Bahram Gur's Piri'iz, son of Shapur, fianian
pillar said to have been noble, takes Rustam's
moved by, vii, i6i letter to Sa'ad, ix, 80, 81
daughter of, taken prisoner, Piruzan, Persian general, com-
vii, i6i mands Persian forces at
child of, the wife of Nahavand, ix, 68
Kubad, i6i, 184
vii, slain, ix, 69
accession of, vii, 161 Piruz-Ram (Ram-Piruz), city
advances against Khiish- built by Piruz, 166, vii,
nawaz, vii, 164 159, 163
gives the van to Hurmuz, Piruz Shapur (Ambar q.v.), vi,
vii, 164 3^7. 357
gives the real to Kubad, Pisces, constellation, i, 310 and
vii, 164 note : ii, 407 ; iii, 26, 159,
gives the regency to P)alash, 318 ; iv, 364 ; vi, 395 ;
vii, 164 vu, 245 ; viii, 51, 342 ;
makes Sufarai (Sarkhan) ix, 71

minister to Balash^ vii, Pishdadian, Pishdadians, i, 116,
164 and note 373 vii, 161, 171
;
raphes to the appeal of Dynasty, i, 49, 115 seq.,

Khiishnawaz, vii, 165, 167 122 ii, 9, 336
; iii, 9, 13 ; ;
defeated by Khushnawaz, vi, 194

vii, 168 Plague. See Pestilence.
death of, vii, 168 Planets,the seven, vi,2o6 vii,4o8 ;
Iranian tradition of the created by Ahriman, 3, 52

revenge for,vii, 170 evil influence of, i, 52
Sufarai determines to symbolized in the game of
avenge, vii, 173 naid, vii, 3S2
Piruz, franian chief, vii, 85 Plato (Falatiin), Greek philo-
Piiuz, Iranian general, vii, 187 sopher (B.C. 427-347), vii,
Piruz, Iranian warrioi, vii, 219, 100 note

273 seq. Planisphere, ii, 215, 216
exhorts Nushzad to yield, Pleiads, Pleiades, i, 114, 205,
vii, 273 244. 245, 267, 332 ; ii,
Piriiz, father of Ustad, viii, 148, 282, 394, 408 ; iv,

296 183, 245, 329; V, no,
Piruz, son of Khusrau, minister 131 ; vi, 169, 401 ; \\\,
of Ardshir son of Shiiwi, 365 ; 158 viii, 53,
175 Plutarch, Greek wiiter (A.D. 46-
appointed general, ix, 44 120), vi, 67
letter of Guiaz to, ix, 46 Poll-tax, vii, 215, 225
takes counsel, ix, 46 Polo, game of, 145, ii, 263 seq.,
writes to Guraz, ix, 47 292; iv, 349, 350; vi, 329,
Guraz marches against, ix, 379,382; vii, 57, 118, 143,
48 235 viii, 246, 247, 25S,
;
appeals to Tukhar, ix, 48 371 ix, 16

;
feasts with Aidshir, ix, 48 episode in Karndmak and

informs Guraz of the death Shahnama, vi, 196, 257,
of Ardshir, ix, 51 263, 271
put to death, ix, 57 -stick, ii, 292 ; iv, 350 ; vi,
Piruz, Iranian prince, ix, 59 27T, 272; vii, 118; viii, 247
GENERAL INDEX 315
Ponis (I'"i'ir (/.;.). liuliaii king, Pseudo-Calisthcncs, account and
vi, 17, ()i siq., 00, 70, .S3 versions of, vi, 13 seq.,
son of, vi, 18, 63 17
Darius' lettci to, vi, 31 vogue of, \ i, 17
origin of name of, vi, ji treatise of I'allacliiis inter-
kingdom of, vi, 31 p(jlated in, vi, 61
Alexander and, historical Alexander and Porus in, vi,
account of, vi,63 64
in the Pseudo-Callisthc- historic elements in, vi, 83
nes, vi, 64, 67 Egyptian elements in, vi, 83
statute of, vi, 64 Persian elements in, vi, 83
nephew of, vi. So Arabic elements in, vi, 83
Pourushaspa, father of Zai- diagram to illustrate, vi, 84
duhsht (Zoroaster), ii, g ; Ptolemy, son of Lagus, one of
V, 14. 15. 17 Alexander the Great's
Prefatory Note, vii, v generals, king of Egypt
Prelate, or bishop q.v., iv, 341, (B.C. 323-283), and his-
34S vi, 184
; torian, vi, 12, 13, 66
as militarist, iv, 197 ; v, Piilad, a div, ii, 44, 54, 55, 64,
306; vi, 124; viii, 47 93 iii, 256
; iv, 296 and ;
and vote note ; v, 204

Prelude, to Shahnania, i, 99 seq. Pul4d, Iranian hero, ii, 22
Kai Kaus, ii,29 Pulad, Turanian hero, ii, 264 ;
Suhrdb, ii, 119 iii, 234

199,
Siyawush, ii, 191 Piilad wand, Turanian hero or
Kai Khusrau, iii, 15 div, I4g iii, 191, 268,
;
Farud, iii, 37 270

Kamus, iii, no summoned by Afrasiyab, iii,
Akwan, iii, 272 254

Bizhan and Manizha, iii, 2S7 goes to help Afrasiyab, iii,
Battle of the Twelve Rukhs, 255
iv, 9 takes counsel with Afra-
Rustam and Shaghad, v, 261 siyAb, iii, 256
Niishirwan, vii, 220 worsts Tus, iii, 257
Hurmuzd, viii, 77 Giv, Ruhhdm, and Biz-
Presbyter, iv, 348 han, iii, 258
Prithd, Indian princess, iv, 316 cleaves in twain Kawa's
Procopius, Byzantine historian standard, iii, 25S
(6th century A.D.), vii, 187 challenged by Rustam, iii,
Prometheus, i, 57 259
Pronunciation, Note on, preced- overthrown by Rustam, iii,
ing text in each volume. 264
Property-tax, remission of, 165 withdraws with his army
Prophet, the, Praise of, Jjp from the luld, iii, 265
Proverb, i, 194, 195. 197 vii, ; Pun-t (Berbera q.v.), ii, 79
185 viii, 187
; Piirandukht, Shah, lys, v, 294 ;
Pseudo -
Callisthenes, Greek vi, 3 ix, 56
;
Romance of Alexander reproaches Kubad, ix, 17

the Great, ii, 9 ; vi, makes Shahranguiaz prime
30 seq., 62 seq., 71, 72, minister, ix, 56
74 seq. True Cross and, ix, 56
346 GENERAL INDEX
Purmaya (Barmaiiin), brother of Rai, city and district near Tih-
Faridun, i, 90, 91 v, 261 ; ran, 174, i, 363, 366 seq. ;
referred to, i, 147, 165 ii. 23, 399 ; iii, 242 ; iv,
Kaianush and, summon the 147, 255, 256 V, 14, 18 ;
;
smiths to Faridun, i, 158 vi, 32, 202, 219, 229 vii, ;
go with Faridun against 84, 160, 184 viii, 72,

;
Zahhak, i, 159 155, 166, 171, 173, 174,

attempt to kill Faridun, 189, 214, 216, 240 ix, ;
i, 160 68, 69, 89, 95, 96

Pusfairukh, ix, 50 seat of the Magi, i, 60
Python, Apollo and the, vi, 203 Khar of. See Khar, i, 368,
374. 381
Ardawan's capital, vi, 201
Q Shapur of, vii, 184, 185, 191,
192
Queen of Chin (wife of the seat of Arsacid power, viii,
Khan), viii, 190 72

daughter of, slain by lion- Bahram Chubina goes to,
ape, viii, 322 viii, 306
asks Bahram Chubina to Khusrau Parwiz oppresses,
avenge her daughter, viii, viii, 365
324 misery of, viii, 367

steward of, plots with Khar- Gurdya delivers, viii, 368
rad against Bahram Chubina Rai. See Raja.
viii. 335 Raibad, town, about twenty
daughter of, cuied by Khar- miles west of Nishaptii,
rad, viii, 336 and district east of the
grants boon to Khan ad, Jagatai range, in Khura-
viii, 338 san,*, iv, 17, 22, 23, 47,
disgraced, viii, 3^4 55, 76, 88, 112, 134
Questions, Mountain of the Holy, occupied by Gudarz, iv,
62
i, 16
hard, vii, 102 seq. arrival of Kai Khusiau at,
Quince, omen of the, ix, 13, 14 iv, III, 126
Quintus Curtius, Roman writer Rdja (Rai) of Hind, temp. Luh-
(ist century A.D.), vi, 65 rasp, iv, 321 ix, 17 ;
on the Amazons, vi, 72 temp. Niishirwan, i6g, vii, 140

and note, 143, 424
proposes wager to Niishir-
R wan, vii, 5, 385, 387
receives game of nard from
Races, duplicate in West and Nushirwan, vii, 5, 381,
East, vi, 68 389 seq.
fair-haired, vi, 73 fails to discover how to play
Rad, ruler of Zabulistan, vii, 86 the game, vii, 392
Rada, Mount, ix, 91, 94 pays forfeit to Nushirwan,
Radwi, archimage vii, 393
pleads with Mahwi for Yaz- receives Ntishirwan's gifts

dagird, ix, 102 from Barzwi, vii, 425
•The village of Riwad to the south of the range may perhaps indicate what
was once the western boundary ol the district.
GENERAL INDEX 347
Kaja, assists Barzwi in his mis- Ram, personification of the

sion to Hind, vii, 428 Divine Grace, i, 374. See
letter of, ix, 17 mountain-sheep.
put in cliarge of Shirin, Rustam's life saved by a, ii,
ix, 17
_
46
Rakhsh, Rustam's steed, T42, i, constellation, ii, 299 ; v, 129
3S6; ii, 13, 42 scq., 67, 74, Ram, Fire-temple, vi, 202, 226
94, 97, 110, 116, 139, 143, Ram, franian wairior, viii, 291
311 354; iii, 146, 177, Rdm Ardsliir, city, vi, 202, 290
186, 189, 194, 195, 223, and note
224, 226, 227, 229, 259, Rdm Barzin, high priest and
264, 275, 278, 276, 279, general, 167, vii, 275
313. 3-26, 335,
3^4. 342. Kubad's testament kept by,
344. 346 seq., 350, 352 ; vii, 210
iv. 295 V, 117, 184, 192,

;
Nushirwan's instructions to,
198. 207, 208, 214, 219, concerning Nushzad, vii,
228 seq., 234 seq., 266, 275 267 seq.
caught by Rustam, i, 378 goes to fight with Nush-
seq. z4d, vii, 272
described, i, 379, 380 hears of Nushzad 's last
care taken of, i, 380 wishes, vii, 276
slays a lion, ii, 45 Ram Barzin, Persian official,
encounters a dragon, ii, 48 313
viii,
stolen by Turkmans, ii, 121 Rambihisht, wife of Sasin, vi,
seq. 198
sire ofShurab's charger, ii, Ram Hurmuz, city in Khuzistan,
128 east of Ahwaz, vi, 199
saddled by Giv, Ruhliam, plain of, vi, 199
and Tiis for the fight with Ramishn - i -
Ardshir, district,
Suhrab, ii, 160 vi, 202
referred to, iii, 184, 228, Ram Kubad (Aragan), city, vii,
253 ; V, 199 188

wounded by Asfandiyar, v, Ram Piruz. See Piiuz Rdm.
229 Rangwi, Iranian warrior, viii,
returns home without Rus- 296
tam, V, 229 Rasafa, viii, 188
Rustam's thought of aban- Rashnawad, captain of the host
doning, V, 235 to Humî, 158
healed by the Simurgh, v, assembles troops, v, 301
237 Darab enlists under, v,
tries to save Rustam, v, 301
270 host of, reviewed by HumAi,
falls into the pit, v, 270 V, 302
body of, taken from pit by marches on Riim, v, 302
Faramaiz, v, 275 and the adventure of the
tomb of, V, 276 ruined vault, v, 303
loid of = Rustam, v, 306 gives presents to Darab, v,
Rakhshasas, vi, 13 304
Rakka (Callinicus, KAliniyus ^.t;., questions DarAb, v, 304
Nicephorium, Warigh), sends for the laundercr and
city, viii, 188 his wife, v, 304
348 GENERAL INDEX
Rashnawdd, Darab and, defeat Rivm'z, son-in-law of Ti'is, 14^,
the Rumans, v, 305, 306 iii, 14, 25, 45, 57, 60, 71
praises Darab, v, 305, 306 prepaics to attack Farud,
offers Darab tJie spoil, v, 306 iii, 51
grants peace to Caesar, v, referred to, iii, 55

307 burial of, iii, 68
returns to Iran, v, 307 Rivniz, son of Kai Kaus, ii, 3 ;
hears from the launderer and iii, 14, 96, 113, 114, 232
his wife about the case of slain, iii, 93
Darab, v, 308 battle for crown of, iii, 94
writes to Humai about the Rivniz, son of Zarasp, iv, 360
case of Darab, v, 308 Zarir and, go to Rum, iv, 360
appears with Darab before hails Gushtasp as Shah, iv,
Humai, v, 309 seq. 362
Ras-Shapiir (Gund-i-Shapur, Rizniihr (Zarmihr), son of Sufa-
q.v.),city. vi, 255, 256 rai, 166, vii, 207 viii, i6g ;
Rati, weight, vi, 156 and note identical with Sufaiai, vii,
Raven, Raven-head, ix, 91 and 185
note, 95 note, 96 Kubad and, go to the Hai-
Ravi (Hydraotes), river in the talians, vii, 186
Punjab, vi, 64 fate of, vii, 186
Rawalpindi, town and distiict in loyalty of, to Kubad, vii, 196
the Punjab, vi, 62 helps Kubad to escape from
Rawlinson, Sir Henry, his ac- prison, vii, 197
count of Gotarzes' insciip- negotiates a marriage for
tion at Bihistun, iii, 9 Kubad, .vii, 197
Rawlinson, Professor, vi, 253 made chief minister, vii, 200
Red Sea, ii, 364 Rizwan, angel, ii, 39 and note,
Reeds (bamboos), vi, 71 288
gigantic, seen by Sikandar, Roc, mythical bird, i, 51, 235
vi, 148 Roman, Romans, i, 10 iii, 2S6 ; ;
used in house-building, vi, vi, 254, 318, 325, 326 vii, ;
71, 148 214 viii, 188, 189, 195

; ;
Religion, War of the, v, 19, 26 ix, =;o, 66

two campaigns of, v, 29 relations of, with the Iran-
Remus, See Romulus. ians, i, 14
Reseph, viii, 188 empire, Eastern, i, 373 ; vi,
Responses, of Nushirwan, viii, 14 253
seq., 28 seq. war of, with Persian, viii,
Revellers,
Rosary of, ix, 38, 40 41. 193
_
Rhyme-words, i, 74 ; ii, 228 Alexander's legendary visit

note ; v, 261 ; vi, 372 ; to, vi, 30
vii, 88 and note, 89 and emperors, vi, 321, 371, 372
note, 174 and note, 245 and neglect the defences of the
note, 263 and note Caucasus, vii, 187
Firdausi and, 397 note
viii, so-called tribute of, to
Ridge of Gushtasp, 29 v, Persia, vii, 1S7
Riv-Ardshir, city east of the treatment of Munzir by, vii,
Jarahi river near the head 217
of the Persian Gulf, vi, 202 leads to war with Nushir-
referred to, vi, 224 wan, vii, 217
GENERAL l.\DEX 349
Romans.defeat Bahr^m Chiibfna, Rudaba, go-between of, with
viii, 76 Zal, i, 2 So
Romance of Alexander the Great 7A\ sends Sdm's kttei to, i,
(Pseiulo-Callisthenes, 280
q.v.), vi, II scq., 88 rewaids her go-between, i,
incorporation of, in Shdh- 281

ndma, vi, 16 go between of, discovered by
vogue of, vi, 1 7 Sindukht. i, 281
sources of marvels in, vi, 12, reproached by her parents, i,
69 282, 2S7
diagiam to illustiate, vi, 84 congratulated by Sindukht,
Rome, vi, 194, 197, 203, 301, i. 315
seen and admired by Sam, i,
Shapi'ir son of Ardshir's wars 318

with, vi, 294, 297 married to Zal, i, 318
BahrAm Gur's war with, vi, Zdl and, go to Si'stan, i, 319
373 giievous travail of, i, 320
Romulus and Remus, foundling saved by the Sfmurgh, i, 321
legend of, v, 293 Caesarean operation per-
Rook, piece in chess. See Rukh. formed upon, i, 322
Rosary of Revellers, ix, 38, 40 gives birth to Rustam, i,
Roxana (Rushanak, q.v.), vi, 33 322

Alexander and, vi, 30 fasts in sorrow for Rustam,
account of, vi, 32 v, 278
Rudiba, daughter of Mihrab fren2ry of, v, 278
king of Kabul, wife of Zal, regains her wits, v, 279
and mother of Rustam, referred to, v, 190, 289
141, 157. i. 145. 299 :
ii, lamentation of, v, 289
44, 180 ; v, 182, 184, 190 Riidagi, Persian poet, versifies
note the Fables of Bidpai, vii,
Story of Zal and, i, 256 seq. 3S3. 431
referred to, iii, 285 Riidbar, district, v, 30
Zal hears of, i, 257 Rudj'-Ab, father of Papak (in
description of, i, 257, 259, Shahnama), vi, 200, 212
264, 266, 272 Rue, vnld, as a prophylactic, i,
hears of Zal, 260 i, 380
falls in love with Zal, i, 260 Ruhham, son of Gudarz, Tidnian
handmaids of, go in quest of heio, ii, 4. 62, 73, 144, 158,
Zal, i, 263 340 ; iii, 19, 33, 48, 67,
interview ZAl, i, 266 115, lit scq., 139 sf(/., 154,
invite Z41 to visit RudAba, 157, 182, 187, 211, 248,
i, 267 259, 264, 268, 273, 322,
reproached by the porter, 350, 352 ; iv, 13, 15. 21,
i, 267 31, 37, 147 vii 156 ;
describe Z41, i, 268 helps to saddle Rakhsh for

prepares to receive 7.k\, i, the fight with SuhrAb, ii,
269 160
entertains, and plights her mortally wounds Farud, iii,
troth to, Z41, i, 272 64

Zk\ consults the archiniagcs embassy of, to Pirdn, iii, 87
on the matter of, i, 273 attacks ]5azur, iii, iîj
350 GENERAL INDEX
Ruhham, worsted by Ashkabiis, Ruin, entertained by Giidarz, iv,
iii, 179 68
goes to the help of Rustam, returns to Piran with Gii-
iii, 227 darz' reply, iv, 74
worsted by Pulddwand, iii, goes to help Piran against
258 Gi'v and is defeated, iv, 84
goes with Rustam to rescue chosen to fight with Bizhan,

Bizhan, iii, 334 iv, 97
commands the left wing, iv, slain by Bizhan, iv, 103
24 Riiina, place, ix, gi
superseded pro tern, by Rukh, piece in chess (castle), vii,
Farhad, iv, 92 385. 423
chosen to fight with Barman position of, iv, 8, ; vii, 388,
iv, 97 422
slays Barman, iv, 102 move of, iv, 8 ; vii, 422
sent by Giidarz to fetch Rukhs, Battle of the Twelve, 151;
Piran's corpse, iv, 110 iv, 7 seq.
acts as Kai Khusrau's stan- meaning of, iv, 7
dard-beaier in his combat Battle of the Eleven, 151,
with Shida, iv, 171 iv, 88
protests against Kai Khus- arranged by Giidarz and

rau's fighting on foot with Piran, iv, 95 seq.
Shida, iv, 174 Firdausi's reflections on,
holds Kai Khusrau's steed, iv, 7, 98, 106
iv, 175 referred to, v, 29 ; vii, 156
instiucted by Kai Khusrau Riim, the Eastern Roman Em-
to bury Shida, iv, 176 pire, 15^, 15S, 162, i6y,
Kai Khusrau remonstrated ^72. 173, i, 15, 229 ii, ;
with by, and other nobles 143. 297, 307, 360 iii, ;
for refusing audience, iv, 106, 151, 164, 296 ; iv, 14,
275 133. 148. 196, 197. 208,
Ruhham, king of Rai, temp. 272, 312, 314, 316, 317,
Bahram Giir, 85 vii, 2,2^ seq., 330, 331, 333 55?-.
Ruhhcim, Iranian warrior, vii, 339, 341 seq., 345, 348, 349
156 352, 353. 355. 356, 359,
helps Piruz to gain the 361, 364, ; V, 75, 76. 102,
throne, vii, 156, 186 ; 180, 188, 262, 301, 305 ;
viii, 73 vi, 40, 41, 45, 51, 53, 81,
Ruin, son of Piran, 151, i, 92 ; 94, 104, 113 seq., and
iii, 207, 234 iv, ; 10, 71, passim
90, 102, 152, 153, 162 king of = Mahmiid, i, 113
summons Piran to save = Sikandar, vi, 172
Farangis, ii, 323 and note West and, Salm's portion, i,
sent by Piran to attack 189
Bahram, iii, 98 brocade of, i, 157, 183, 210,
wounded by Bahram, iii, 252, 2G3, 316 and passim ;
99 iii, 26, 235, 291, 297, 355 ;
put in command of ambush, iv, 128, 271. 364 ; v, 295 ;
iv, 26 vi, 56, 89 vii, 64, 67, 276,

;
bears letter from Piran to 384 viii, 157, 173, 278.

;
Giidarz, iv, 67 337. 367. 374 i^'. 99. loi

;
GENERAL INDEX 351
Rum, hdm of, iii, 114 Ruman, Riimans, king of = Philip
sea of, iii, 177 of Macedon, vi, 19
city in, founded by Salm, iv, carry out works in fran, vi,
3-25 21
ravaged by Rashnawdd and = Sikandar, vi, 50, 52,
DarAb, v, 307
ambassadors from, come to Iranians ask quarter of, vi,
DArab, vi, 21 51
Darab wars with, vi, 22 tongue, vi, 160 vii, 256, ;
prince of, vi, 22 261

chiefs of, vi, 23, 153 dispute with the Persians as
withdraw on Darab's ap- to Sikandar's burial, vi,
proach, vi, 23 184
tribute of, to frin, vi, 24 sages, vi, 1S5
explained, vii, 187 their sentences over the
ambassadors from, come to coffin of Sikandar, vi,
Dara, vi, 35 I, 85, seq.
reed (pen) of, vi, 85 silk, vi, 280, vii,
; 424
stufTs of, vi, 143 defeated by Shapur, son of
philosophers of, vi, 115, Ardshir, vi, 297
154 viii, 279, 382
;
engineeis build bridge at
cavaliers of, vi, 167 Shiishtar, vi, 299
Shah of = Sikandar, vi, 170 astrologic tablets, vi, 376
Sikandar's policy to safe- eunuchs, vii, 67, ; viii,
guard, vi, 178 279

Arastalis' advice to Sikan- pen, vii, 73
dar concerning, vi, 179 helmet, vii, 89, 272, 274
invaded by Shapur, vi, 350 bishop, vii, 275, 276
slave-girls of, chosen by envoy, viii, 8 seq.
Bahram Gui, vi, 382 surrender to Niishirwan, viii,
Bahram Gur's war with, vii, 47
4. 84
5, entrench themselves, viii,
^
Niishirwdn's wars with, vii, 47

213 sue for peace and pay tribute
robes of, viii, 308 viii, 51 seq.
captured cities of, restored architect, viii, 193, 401

to, viii, 312 marches, viii, 252
monks of, slain by Mcihwi, robes, viii, 253
ix, 113 helms, viii, 105, 276, 417
Kiiman, Riimans, 154, 158, 162, worsted by Hahr4m Chii-
167, 172, 173, iii, 309 iv, ; bina, viii, 292
357. 360, 363 V, 173, 205 ; artificers by
imprisoned
292 vi, 44, 45, loi seq.,
; Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 402
113, 114, 127, 142, 148, released
by Khusrau Par-
1 08, 170, 179 seq., and wiz, viii, 403
passim Riimiya (New Antioch, Siirsin
</.!'.), a suburb
slaves, i, 252 ; vi, 3S2 ; vii, of Ctcsiphon
54. 2.50 (Taisafun)on the east bank
invade Ircin, v, 301 of the Tigris, vii, 218
defeated by Rashnawdd and Riis (Russia), vi, 19 viii, 406 ;
Daiab, v, 305 seq. king of, vi, 22

352 GENERAL INDEX
Rushanak (Roxana, q.v.), daugh- Rustam, goes with Zal and
ter of Dara (in Shahnama) Mihrab to meet Sam, i, 325
and wife of Sikandar, 15S, slays the white elephant, i,
159. ii. 3 vi, 86 seq., 188
;
327. 377
account of, vi, 32 bidden by Zal to take Mount
derivation of, vi, 33 Sipand, i, 329
bestowed by Dai a on Sikan- takes Mount Sipand, i, 331,
dar, vi, 55 377
son of, vi, 81, 181 sends the Spoil to Zal, i, 333
visited by Nahi'd, vi, 89 sets fire to Mount Sipand, i,
married to Sikandar, vi, 90 333

reference in Sikandar's Will, bidden by Zal to prepare for
to, vi, 181 wax-, i, 376
Rushan Piruz, city, vii, 160 reply of, i, 376
Russia, vi, 19 Zal gives Sam's mace to, i,
Russian, Russians, vi, 19 378
empire, vi, 19 obtains Rakhsh, i, 378
foundation of, vi, 19 goes in quest of Kai Kubad,
cloth, ix, no i, 382 seq.
Rustam, son of Zal, fianian slays Kulun, i, 386
national hero, 141-150, first campaign of, ii, 11 seq.
153, 154. 15^, 157, i. 42, nearly takes Afrasiyab
68, 90, 174, 235 seq., 376 prisoner, ii, 14, 116, 354
seq. ; ii, 4, 18, 25, 34, 35, rewarded by Kai Kubad, ii,
42 seq., 79, 92 seq., 188, 21

236, .237, 271, 286, 290, Seven Courses (Haft of
311, 316, 319, 335, 318, Khwan) 143,44 seq. ii,
MA seq., 349 se^-, 37i, 372, life of, saved by a ram, ii, 46
380, 394, 400 iii, 24, 35, ; song of, ii, 51
36, 40, 107 seq., 121, 134, rescues Kai Kaiis in Mazan-
138, 141 seq., 155, ib^seq., daran, ii, 58
182 seq., 294, 307, 308 iv ;
handgrip of, ii, 66, 67
II, 13, 27, 30, 65. 157, encounter of, with Kalahur,
167, 172, 198, 226, 227, 67
ii,
277, 285, 289, 292, 319, Juya, ii, 71

324 ; v, 9, 22, 30, 50, 73, audience with the king of
of,
86, 165, 254 seq., 278, 279, M^zandaran, ii, 67 seq.
281, seq., 298 vi, 325, ; encounter of, with the king
395 vii, 151
; viii, 106, ; of Mazandaran, ii, 73
177, 219, 223, 332 ix, 25 ; rewaided bj^ Kai Ivaus, ii, 77
Caesarean birth of, i, entertains Kai Kaiis, ii, 83
236, 321 seq. takes the king of Shim
account of, in Moses of prisoner, ii, 97
Chorene, i, 236 defeats Afrasiyab, ii, 100
presage of, by the astrolo- made paladin of paladins by
gers, i, 278, 307 Kai Kius, ii, loi
Simurgh, i, 321 goes in search of Kai Kaus,
oiigin of name, i, 322 and ii, 104
note takes part in the Fight of the
effigy of, sent to Salm, i, 322 Seven Warriors, ii, 107 seq.
nurturing of, i, 324 slays Alkiis, ii, 115
GENERA!. I.\l>i:.\ 353
Kiistam, and Siihrab, Story of, Rustam, daughtn of, ii, 3S3,
ii, 1 1 S seq. 384, iii, 3^3
loses Kaklish, ii, 121 wife of, ii, 3S4, iii, 323
Afrasiyab's plot against, ii, hears of Kai Khusrau's
129 arrival in fran, ii, 395
holds a drinking-bout, ii, 141 Turkman occupation of Za-
quarrels with Kai K4us, ii. bulistan, accoimt of by, iii,
142 14
reconciled by Giidarz, ii, 144 goes to do homage to Kai
seg. Khusrau, iii, 17
goes in disguise to see Suh- witnesses Kai Khusiau's
r4b, ii, 149 oath to avenge Siyawush,
adventure of, with Zhanda iii, 22
Rami, ii, 149 seq. proposes to Kai Khusrau to

Suhrab described by, ii, 151, expel Turkmans from ZA-
166 bulistan, iii, 30
encampment of, described, asks Kai Khusrau to pardon
ii. 154 Tiis and the franians in
armed by Tus, Giv, and the matter of Fai lid, iii,
Ruhham for his fight with "3
Suhrab, 160 ii, summoned by Kai Khusrau,
challenges Suhrab, ii, 161 iii. 143
charge of, to Zawara, ii, 167 advocates the maiiiage of
dechnes Suhrab's advances, Fariburz and Faiangis,
ii, 169 iii, 146
saves his life by a ruse, ii, marches to succour Tus, iii,
170 148
prays that his strength may meets Gudarz, iii, 171
be restored, ii, 171 takes counsel with Tus and

learns too late that Suhrab the chiefs, iii, 172
is his son,
ii, 173 arrays the host, iii, 177
grief of, 173 seq.
ii, fight of, with Ashkabiis,
makes a truce with Humdn, legend about, iii, 109
ii, 176 leferied to, viii, 75
tries to slay Hajir, ii, 176 parleys with Ashkabiis, iii,
himself, 177 ii, 180
brings up Siyawush, ii, 196 slays Ashkabiis, iii, 181
maiches with him against described by Piran, iii, 183
Afrisiyab, ii, 225, seq. harangues the troops, iii,
returns and quarrels with 186, 219. 223. 232, 235
Kai KAus, ii, 242 seq. challenged by Kamiis, iii,
grief and wrath of, at the 187
death of Siyawush, ii, 338 spear-bearer of, slain by
seq. Kdmiis, iii, 188
puts Surkha to death, ii, 346 parleys with Kimiis, iii, 188
lights with the Turanians, ii, takes Kamiis prisonei, iii,
349 seq. 189

appoints Tus ruler of Ch4ch, and the Kh4n
of Chin, Story
ii. 35S of, I4(), 191 seq.
iii,
Gudarz ruler of Sughd and refe.red to, iii, 193

Sipanjab, ii, 35S slays Chingish, iii, 195
VOL. IX. Z
354 GENERAL INDEX
Rustam, parleys with Human, Rustam, Story of fight of, with
iii, 196 the div Akwan, J79, iii,
conditions of peace offered 271 seq.
by, iii, 197. 205 summoned to court by Kai
parleys with Pi'ran, iii, 202 Khusrau, iii, 274
proposes peace on terms to pursues the div Akwan, iii,
the Iranians, iii, 211 275
warned by Giidarz not to foiled by Akwan, iii, 276
trust Piran, iii, 212 taken at a disadvantage by
wrath with Piran, iii, 218
of, Akw4n, iii, 276
unhoises Shangul, iii, 221 offered a choice of deaths by
prowess of, in battle, iii, 222 Akwan, iii, 277
seq.
outwits Akwan, iii, 277
overthrows Kundur, iii, 224 finds Rakhsh among Afra-
slays Sciwa, iii, 224 siyab's herds, iii, 278
Gahar, iii, 225 encounters Afrasiyab's
attacks the Khan of Chin, herdsmen, iii, 279
iii,225, seq. defeats Afrasiyab, iii, 280
victorious, iii, 231, seq. slays Akwan, iii, 281
wroth with Tiis and the carries off the spoil, iii,
Iranians, 234
iii, 281
sends Fariburz to Kai Khus- welcomed by Kai Khusrau,
rau with tidings of victory, iii, 282
iii,236, seq. tells adventure with
his
leads on the host, iii,238 Akwan, 282
iii,
reaches Sughd, iii, 244 rewarded by Kai Khusrau,

sends troops to attack iii, 283
Bidad, iii, 244 returns home, iii, 283
slays Kafiir, iii, 245 summoned to court in the
besieges and stoims Bidad, matter of Bizhan, iii, 319
iii, 246 seq.
sends Gi'v to raid Khutan, visited by Giv, iii, 322
iii, 247 promises to help Giv, iii,
praised by Giidarz, iii, 248 324
described Dy Afrasiyab, iii, goes with Giv to court, iii,
251 326
attacks the Turanians, iii, address of, to Kai Khusrau,
257 iii, 327
challenges Puladwand, iii, undertakes the rescue of
259 Biziian, iii, 330
overthrows PulAdwand, iii, plan of, iii, 333
264 chooses his comrades, iii,
defeats the Turanians, iii, 334
266 goes disguised to Turan, iii,
divides the spoil, iii, 266 335
ravages Tiiran, iii, 266 gives presents to Piran, iii,
returns in triumph, iii, 267 336

asks Kai Khusrau's leave to welcomed by Piran, iii, 336
return to Zdl, iii, 269 opens a market, iii, 337

rewarded by Kai Khusrau, interviews of, with Mam'zha,
iii, 269 iii. 337. 342
GENERAL IXJJliX 355
Rustam, soiuls food and his ring Rustam, left by Kai Khusrau in
to Jiizhan, iii,340 Chin, iv, 241
removes boulder of Akwan welcomes Kai Khusrau on
from pit's mouth, iii, 345 his return from Gang-
makes conditions foi release dizh, iv, 251
with Bizhan, iii, 345 accompanies Kai Khusrau
releases Bizhan, iii, 346 to Siydwushgird, iv, 252
arrays his troops against summoned by the frinians
Alrdsiy4b, iii, 350 to remonstrate with Kai
mocks Afrasiyab, iii, 351 Khusrau, iv, 278
defeats Afrasiyab, iii, 352 with Zal and the sages, sets
triumphant return of, iii, forth for fr4n, iv, 279
353 met on arrival by Giidarz
presents Bizhan to Kai and other chiefs, iv, 282
Khusiau, iii, 354 holds converse with the
rewarded by Kai Khusrau, Iranians, iv, 282
iii, 356 audience of, with Kai Khus-
goes to Sistan, iii, 356 rau, iv, 283 seq.
sent to Hindustan by Kai holds, with other chiefs, at
Khusrau, iv, 14 the bidding of Kai Khus-
successes of, iv, 60, 71 rau an assembly on the
troops of, recalled, iv, 145 plain, iv, 291 seq.
commands the right wing, Kai Khusrau 's gift to, iv,
iv, 147 295
attacks with Kai Khusrau confirmed by Kai Khus-
from the centre, iv, 180 rau in possession of Nini-
goes %\dth Zawara to the [
ruz, iv, 297
right wing, iv, 180 sets out with Kai Khusrau
'
sent to the desert to attack on his pilgrimage, iv,

Ta^\^lIg, iv, 188 306
reports his defeat of Tawurg, turns back at the bidding of
iv, 193 Kai Khusrau, iv, 307
advances, iv, 194 laments the loss of the pala-
failure of Afrasiyab's at- dins and returns to fran,
tempt to surprise, iv, 195 iv, 310
takes part in the siege of Zeiland, welcome Gushtasp
Gang-bihisht, iv, 199, 208 to Sistin, V, 85
seq. rivalry in legend between
Kai Khusrau 's converse Asfandiycir and, v, 116
with, iv, 198, 199 Haft Khwan of, compared
captures Jahn and Garsiwaz, with that of Asfandiyar,
iv, 210 V, 117
advises Kai Khusrau to Asfandiyar's fight with.
reject Afrdsiydb's over- Story of, 156, V, 166 seq
tures, iv, 222 recited by Nadr, son of
ordered to prepare for a Harith, at Mecca, v, 166
night-attack from Afra- referred to, v, 169, 170, 30O
siyab, iv, 224 Gushtdsp bids Asfandiyai
supports Kai Khusrau 's pro- go against, v, 173
posal to pursue Afrasiyab Asfandiydi's message to, v,
to Gang-dizh, iv, 231 179
356 GENERAL INDEX
Rustam, life of, attempted by Rustam, bids Zawara bring him
Bahman, v, 184 his arms, v, 218
interview of, with Bahman rejects Zal's counsels, v, 220
V. 185 arms for battle, v, 222
entertains Bahman, v, 186 gives Zawara charge of the
great appetite of, v, 1S6, 210 troops, V, 222
jests with Bahman on his goes with Zawara to the
small appetite, v, 1S6 Hirmund, 222 v,
sends Zawara and Faramar'z instructs Zawara, v, 222
to bid Zal and Riidaba crosses the Hirmund and
prepare to receive Asfan- summons Asfandiyar to
diyar, v, 190 the combat, v, 223
goes to the Hirmund, v, suggests a general engage-
igi ment, v, 224
parleys with Asfandiyar, v, distress of, at the death of
192, seq. Niish Azar and Mihr-i-
invites Asfandiyar to visit Niish, V, 228
him, V, 193 Zawara
offers to surrender
accepts Asfandiyar's invita- and Faramaiz to Asfan-
tion to a feast, v, 195 diyar, v, 228
tells Zal, of his interview wounded by Asfandiyar, v,
with Asfandiyar, v, 196 229
indignation of, at not being flees from Asfandiyar, v,
summoned to the feast, 229
v, 197 sends Zawara with a message
sets forth to reproach Asfan- to Zal, v, 230
diyar, V, 198 parleys with Asfandiyar, v,
wrangle of, with Asfandiyar, 231
v, 198 seq. recrosses the Hirmund, v,
demands proper seat at
his 231
the feast, v, 200 kin of, grieve over his
Zal and, vilified by Asfan- wounds, V, 234
diyar, v, 201 bids the leeches to attend to
details his ancestry, v, 202 Rakhsh first, v, 234
recounts Sam's exploits, v, despair of, v, 235
202 advised by Zal, v, 235
his own exploits, v, 203, Zal summons the Simurgh
207 to the aid of, v, 235
patents of, from Kai Kaus healed by the Simurgh, v,
and Kai Khusrau, v, 203 237
aged six hundred years, v, instructed by the Simurgh
204 how to overcome Asfan-
triesa handgrip with Asfan- diyar, V, 237, seq.
diyar, v, 209 cuts the fatal branch of
accepts Asfandiyar's chal- tamarisk, v, 239
lenge, V, 209 prepares the arrow, v, 240
asks for neat wine, v, 211 summons Asfandiyar to re-
makes overtures to
fresh new the light, v, 240
Asfandiyar, v, 211 seq. makes a final eifort for peace
addresses the royal tent- with Asfandiyar, v, 241
enclosure, v, 215 seq.
GENERAL IXDEX 357
Kustam, bewails Asfaiuliydr ti> Rustam, Shaghdd, glories over,

Bishutan, v, j-j<i V, 271
Asfaiuliyar cduriik-s lialiman slays Sluiglu'ul, v, 272
to. V, 2.\fi
last words of, v, 272
an evil future for,
foretells corpse of, taken from the
V, 24S pit by Faramarz, v, 274
laments Asfandiydr, v, 250 obsequies of, v, 274 seq.
warned by Zawara against Artabanus and, v, 282
Bahman, v, 250 burial place of, v, 287
sends Asfandiyar's corpse to scene of the battle be-
Gushtasp, V, 251 tween Bahman and Fara-
Bahman remains with, v, marz, V, 287
252, 256 personification of the Sacae,
instructs Bahman, v, 256 i, 68; vi, 194
writes to Gushtasp to excuse conduct of, in Hamavaran,
himself in the matter of viii, 104, 168
Asfandiyar, v, 256 banner of, bestowed on
overtures of, to Gushtasp Bahram Chiibina, viii,
supported by Bishutan, 105, 217

V, 257 Rustam, Persian commander in
Gushtasp accepts the ex- chief under Yazdagird III,
cuses of, and writes to, v, 176: ix, 66, 67, 69, 73, 81
257 seq.. 90,95
requested by Gushtasp to brother of Farrukhzad, viii,
send back Bahman, v, 258 413 and note
equips Bahman for his jour- revolt of, viii, 413
ney, V, 258 overthrows Azarmdukht, ix,
Story of, and Shaghcid, 157, 59
V, 260 seq. advances to Kadisij'a, ix, 67,
provenance of, v, 260 seq. 73

death of, v, 261, 273, 289 end of, ix, 69
versions of, v, 261 finds evil aspects in the stars
Kabul's tribute to, question ix, 73
of, V, 265 wiites to his brother, ix, 73
Shaghad and the king of hears of Shu'ba Mughira's
Kabul plot against, v, 265 arrival, ix, 82
takes up Shaghad 's cause, v, Riizbih, Bahram Gur's high
267 priest, 164, vii, 26 seq., 54,
prepares to occupy Kabul 67
with a host, v, 268 bewails Bahram Gur's
persuaded by Shaghad to go course of life, vii, 56
with Zawara and a small reproached by Bahram Giir
escort, V, 268 for his parsimony, vii, S3
pardons king of Kabul, v, Ruzbih, scribe, viii, 252

269
entertained by king of
Kabul, v, 269
goes hunting with Zawira,
V, 270 Sa'ad, son of W'akkas, Arab
falls a victim to treachery, general, 176, ix, 67, 68,
V, 270 82 seq., 90
358 GENERAL INDEX
Sa'ad, succeeds Abu 'Ubaida, ix, Sakil, son of Ca;sar, temp.
67 Luhrasp, iv, 355
at Kadisiya, ix, 67, 6g commands the left wing,
founds Kiifa, ix, 67 iv. 355
takes Ctesiphon, ix, 67 Sakila, mountain, i6g, iv, 342 ;
recalled, ix, 68 viii, 41

sent by 'Umar to invade dragon of, 154, iv, 342 seq.
fran, ix, 72 referred to, iv, 343, 351,

letter of Rustam to, ix, 78 358
taken by Piruz, ix, 80, 81 stronghold of, taken by
Sabbakh, king of Yaman, iv, 146 Rumans, 47 viii,
Sabz dar sabz, melody, viii, 399 Saklab (Slavonia), ii, 360 ; iii,
and note 152, 164, 177, 185, 204,

Sacae (Scythians), i, 17, 19 218, 221 seq., 235, 238,
Rustam a personification of, 243. 255 ; vi, 179 ; vii,
i, 68; vi, 194 112, 115, 364 viii, 379 ;
Sacaestan. See Sistan. Salm, eldest son of Faridiin, 140,

Sacrifice, human, and serpent- 141, i, 42, 90, 91, 183 seq.,
worship, i, 143 335. 342, 344. 362 ii, ;
Sada, feast of, 140, i, 23 ; iv, 19, 237, 318 iii, 37, 115, ;
317 V, 309
; ; vi, 33, 55, iv, 66, 69, 269, 272 v, ;
230 and note, 245, 273, 205, 261, 284 vi, 353 ; ;
389; vii, II, 200; 94, vii, loi viii, 266, 270,
;
viii, 68, 133, 216, 313 ; 300, 376 note, 378, 381
ix, 40 92 racial significance of, i, 54
institution of i, 124 etymology of, Firdausi's, i,
Sada, Iranian noble, vii, 312 174
Safid Rud, river flowing through naming of, i, 187
Gilan into the Caspian, horoscope of, i, 188
V, 13. 16 receives Rum and the West,

Sagastan (Sistan q.v.), v, 13 i, 189
Sage, sages, 159, vi, loi, 103 envies fraj, i, 190
Indian, vi, 62 plots with Tur, i, 190
naked (Brahmans q.v.) Tiir and, demand the abdi-
of Kaid. See Kaid. cation of Iraj, i, 191
saying of, viii, 155 Iraj visits, i, 198
Sagittarius, constellation, i, 188 ; Iraj not welcomed by,
iv, 355 i, 198 seq,
Sagsar, Sagsars, district and slay Iraj, i, 201
tribe, i, 279 and note, 290, send fraj's head to Fari-
323. 339 ; ii, 143 ; iii- 152, diin, 202
i,
207 hear of Minuchihi, i, 208

Sahadeva, one of the five Pan- send an embassy to Farl-
davas, iv, 138 dun, i, 208
referred to, iv, 139 receive Faridiin's reply, i,
Sahl, wife of fraj, i, 188 213 seq.

referied to, i, 182 seq. prepare for war, i, 215
Sahl, son of Mahan, Iranian worsted by Minuchihr, i,
noble, V, 260, 261, 263 220
Saifu'd-Daula, title of Sultan plan night-surprise, i, 220
Mahmud, i, 21 worsted, i, 221
GENERAL INDEX 359
Salm, hears of Tiir's defeat and Sim, son of, restored to hira by
death, i, zz^ the Siinurj^li, i, 247
retreats on the castle of the returns home witli Zal, i, 248
A14ns, i, 2Zi congratulated by Minii-
prevented by Miniichihr, i, chihr, i, 248
goes with Zal to court, i, 249
flees from Miniichihr, i, 227 tells of his quest to Minii-
slain by Miniichihr, i, 228 chihr, i, 250
troops ask quarter of
of, Miniichihr's gifts to, i, 251
Miniichihr, i, zzS public rejoicings at his
head of, sent to Faridiin, i
home-coming, i, 252
229 goes to the wars and leaves
Scimitar of, iv, 335 seq. Zk\ to rule in Zabulistan,
Salt, Rustam's caravan of, i, i. 253
330 seq. Mihrab tributary to, i, 256
desert, i, 3 Zal writes to, about Riidaba,
legend of the, vi, 76 seq.
fish, i. 275
Sdm, son of Nariman, Iranian receives Zal's letter, i, 277
hero, father of Zal and consults the astrologers, i,
grandfather of Rustara, 278
^41. 142. i, 42, 207, 212, Rustam's birth foretold to,
231, 235, 238 seq., 337, i, 278
344, 375 ii. 4. 16, 17, 33,
: replies to Zal's letter, i, 279
34, 49, 125, 126, 137, 140, returns from the war, i, 280
173, 182, 183 iii, 35, 121, ; summoned to court, i, 289
202, 215, 260, 279, 283 ; welcomed by Miniichihr, i,
iv, 222, 251, 290, 301, 289

319 ; v, 14, 15, 58, 62, 63, tells of his campaign, i, 290
196, 198 seq., 242, 262 slays Karkwi, i, 291
seq., 266, 267, 274, 285, bidden to destroy Mihrab
286, 290
289, ; vii, 74 ; and all his belongings, i,
223
viii, 292
pronunciation of, i, 95 note welcomes and promises to
etymology of, i, 171 seq. help Zdl, i, 293
Miniichihr confided to, by writes to Miniichihr and
Faridiin, i, 231 pleads past services, i, 295
mace of, i, 235, 290, 297, 328 tells of the slaying of the
given by Zal to Rustam, dragon of the Kashaf, i,

i. 378 296
"
speech of, to Miniichihr, i, One blow," i, 297, 299
238 receives Sindukht in aud-
casts away his son Zal at ience i, 302
birth, i, 241 invited by Sindukht to
hears rumours of Zil, i, 243 visitKabul, i, 305
dreams of, concerning Zal, dismisses Sindukht with
i, 243, 244 gifts, i, 305
consults the archmages and hears of Zal's success with
bidden to seek his son, Miniichihr and informs
i, 243 Mihrab, i, 314
finds his son on Mount goes with Zal to Iviibul, i,
Alburz, i, 244 seq. 317
36o GENERAL INDEX
Sam, sees Riidaba and felicitates Samarkand (Sogdiana, Sughd),
Zal, i, 318 city and distiict in Turk-
returns to Sistan, i, 319 istan, ii, 241 ; vii, 167,
entertains Mihrab and Sin- 358, 359 ; viii, 377 ; ix,
dukht, i, 319 96, 115
leaves Zal the regent of Sis- early seat of Aryan civili-
tan and goes on a cam- zation (?), i, 7
paign, i, 319 settlement of the Huns at,
hears of the birth of Rustam, i. 19
i, 323 Sambaz, Iranian chief, speech of,
wxites to congratulate Zal, viii, 242
i. 323 Samiran, king, vi, 405 and note
comes to see Rustam, i, 324 Samkuran, Iranian hero, iv, 149
bids Zal and Rustam fare- Sandar, Sandarus, the Arar tree,
well, i, 327 \i, 19
hears of Rustam's success Sandal, Sandali, city in Hind,
at Mount Sipand and vii, 395. 396, 401 seq.
writes to Zal, i, 334 king of, entertained by
Naudar's appeal to, i, 339 Bahram Giii, vii, 140 seq.
goes to court, i, 340 Sanja, a div, ii, 39, 40, 44, 55 ;
met and offered the crown iv, 296 ; V, 204

by the Iranian chiefs, i, Sanscrit,vii, 382
340 Sapad, mountain. See Spento-
refuses the crown, i, 340 data.
reconciles the chiefs and Sapandarmad. See Sipandar-
Naudar, i, 341 mad.
counsels Naudar, i, 341 Sapimid, daughter of Shangul, vi,
rewarded by Naudar, i, 341 3 vii, 144
;
departs, i, 341 married to Bahram Giir,

death of, referred to, i, 345, vii, 128
346, 349 finds out who her husband is,
of, 358
obsequies vii, 131
mace given by Zal to
of, plans Bahram Gur's flight
Rustam, i, 378 from Hind, vii, 132
exploits of, recounted by reproached by Shangul, vii,
Rustam, v, 202 135
Sam, Iranian warrior, temp. converted to Zoroastrian-
Yazdagird son of Shapur, ism, 139 vii,
vi.395 visited by Shangul, vii, 142
Sama Keresaspa Narimanau, Sapor I (Shapur son of Ardshir
Iranian hero, i, 171 seq. q.v.), Sasanian king, vi,
Samangan, city south-east of 294, 321
Balkh (?), 144 ii, 121 seq., Sapor II (Shapur son of Uimuzd
130 q.v.), Sasanian king, i,
king of, 144, ii, 118, 140, 184 374 V, 13
; vi, 294, 321 ; ;
entei tains Rustam, ii, 122 viii, 41

father of Zhanda Razm, Sapor III (Shapur son of Sha-
ii, 150 pur q.v.), vi, 365
Samanid, Samanids, i, 14, 20, Sarakhs, city in Khurasan, be-
21, 67; vii, 5, 383 tween Nishapur and Marv,
end of dynasty of, i, 21 ii, 108
GENERAL INDEX 361
Saraparda, i, 84 SAsAn, descendants of, help Ard-
Sunoslftnnia viuiiiialc. See shfr Papukan, vi, 224
}Ionia. House of, vi, 251, 270 and
Sargon I. of Agani, v, 293 note
foumlling legend of, v, lineage of, ix, 56, 105 and
393 note
Saif, city in MAzandaran, i, 230, Sdsdn, father of Ardshir Papa-
289, 366; V, 174; vii, kin, 160, vi, 3, 193, 198,
237 viii, 168, 341, 355,
; 200, 201, 240
392 ix, 86
; legend of, vi, 211 seq.
Iranian captives imprisoned marries daughter of Papak,
at, i, 363 vi, 213
released, i, 367 Sdsanian, SAsanians, i, 11, 374 ;
Sar-i-pul-i-Zohab, vii, 187 iii, 9 V, 13, 281

; vi, 81, ;
Sarkab, Ruman general, viii, 281, 209, 225, 253, 257 vii, ;
292 85, 185, 212, 237 viii, 65, ;
Sarkash (Sergius), minstrel, 174, 72, 73, 214, 262, 330, 413
viii, 193, 398 seq.406 note ix, 4, 5, 46, 47, 50,
;
Story of, 174, viii, 396 54, 65, 72, 73, 76, 77, 83,
disgrace of, viii, 399 105
Sarkhin. See Sufarai. dynasty, i, 49, 374 ; ii, 10 ;
Sari'ich, desert in Kirman, ii, 226 v, 10, 282 ; vi, 249 seq.,
vii, 362 253. 257, 321 ; vii, I
seq..
Sariig, Jacob of, Syriac poet. 381 viii, 73
; ; ix, 4
See Jacob. Tabari on the rise of the,
Sarv, king of Yaman, 140, i, 211, vi, 198
286 v, 260 ;vi, 73 ; characterised,vi, 249
daughters of, asked in mar- Zoroastrianism under, vi,
riage by Faiidiin for his 251
sons,
i, 178 Mas'iidi on Church and
consults his chiefs, i, 179 State under, vi, 251
agrees, conditionally, to duration of, vi, 257
Faridun's request, i, 181 empire, i, 11 ; vi, 193, 327 ;
attempts to outwt Fari- viii, 193

dun's sons, i, 183 seq. conquered by the Arabs,
gives his daughters in mar- ix, 65 seq.
riage to Faridun's sons, 1, genealogical table of, vi, 3,
185 253
Sarv=Azad Sarv, q.v. Tabari's history of, vi, 14
S4sdn, cponym of Sasanian dyn- note
asty, viii, 219, 220, 330, fictitious genealogies of, v,
341 290; vi, 199, 211, 256
S^dn, son of Bahman, ii 3 ; v, view of Sikandar, vi, 15, 224
290 and note, 240 and note
disinherited and flees from rivalry with Arsacids, viii,
court, V, 291 73
account 291 of, v, usage, viii, 190
SisAn, name of Dara's son and architecture, viii, 193
several of his descendants, race viii, 285, 3S6, note
ii 3 ; vi, 200, 211, 224, Satire, Firdausi's, on SuItAn
255 ; ix, 105 and nole Mahmud, i, 40 seq.
',62 GENERAL INDEX
Satrapy, satrapies, Niishirwdn's Sawa, head of, set on lance, viii,
four ix, 69 130
Saturn, planet, i, 72, 100, 161, wealth of, sent to Hurmuzd,
204, 245, 295, 311 ii, ; 133
viii,
183, 208, 215, 247, 263. Sawurg, Indian king, 139, vi, 64,
310, 319, 394. 407 iii. ;
n8
32, no, 178, 232, 237, 254, Sayce, Professor, on the Ama-
268, 318 iv, 31, 214
; ; zons, vi, 71
V, 68, 89, 136, 154, 159, Scandinavians, vi, 73
220,233 ; vi, 97, 115, 176, found the Russian empire,
281, 318, 385 vii, 92. ; vi, 19
151, 252, 267, 346, 418 ; Scimitar of Salm, iv, 335 seq.
viii, 24, 66, 321, 392, 305 ; Scotland, vi, 79
ix. 73 vitrified forts in, vi, 79
sphere of, ix, 92 Scribe, scribes, office of, highly
Sav (the Sdvbar of tho Pahlavi esteemed, i, 27 and note ;
texts, now Chashmah-i- vii, 311 viii, 50

;
Sabz), a lake among the put to death by Hur-

hills inthe neighbourhood muzd, viii; 71, 81 seq.
of Tus and Mashad, i6j, Scriptures, Zoroastrian. See
vi, 373. 392 Zandavasta.
legend of, vi, 372, 391 seq. Scylla, Nisus and, story of, vi,
Savalan, mountain in Azarbaijcin 323 note
V, 14 Scythia,iv, 316
Sawa, Turanian hero, 149, iii, 224 Scythians (Sacae), their relations
slain by Rustam, iii, 224 with the Iranians, i, 17
SAwa, Iranian hero, v, 154 wars of, with Darius Hys-
left in charge of the Brazen tapsis, V, n
Hold by Asfandiyar, i, Seasons, confusion of the, ix, 77
154 note
Sawa, luler of the Turks, lyo ; Sects, Muhammadan, i, 99
viii, 74, 94 seq., 100 seq., parable of, i, 107
1,07, 108, 110 seq., 123, 129 Seleucia (Bih Ardshir q.v.), city
132. 133. 135. 137. 139. on the right bank of the
164, 169, 174, 216, 219, Tigris, opposite to Ctesi-
222, 224, 240 phon (Taisafiin), ii, 80 ;
= Chao-wou, viii, 72 vi, 254, 291 note, 322 ; viii,

attacks Hurmuzd, viii, 92 189, 194, 196
letter of, to Hurmuzd, viii, Semiramis, legendary queen of
93 Assyria, historically Sam-
98 muramat, wife of
prophecy about, viii, (?)
Hurmuzd sends Kharrad, Samsi Adad king of Assy-
son of Barzin, to, viii, no ria (B.C. 824-804), ii, 10 ;
hears of Bahram Chiibina's vi, 66, 405 note
army and blames Kharrad legend v, 292, 293

of,
viii, no Humai and, v, 292, 293
offers of, to Bahram Chu- Semites, the, i, 9
bina, 113 seq., 117 seq.
viii, relations of, with the Iran-
employs sorcery against the ians, i, 9 seq., ix, 65
Iranians, viii, 123 Seneca the younger, Nero's tutor
defeated and slain, viii, 126 (B.C. 3—A.D. 65), vii, 279
GENERAL INDEX 3^'3
Seoses (Sufarai ?), Persian com- Shabrang, Bahram Gur's steed,

mander-in-chief, temp. vii, 37, 80
Kiibail, vii, 187 P>i'zhan's steed, iii, 296, 302,
Sergiopolis, \iii, iSS 313 iv, 8, 39. 50. 119,
;
Sergius, Saint and Martyr, viii, 124

1 88 ShidAn son of Barzi'n, one of
patron saint of Khusrau Firdausi's authorities, i,
Parwi'z, 18S, 195

viii, 67, 69 ; 382, 423
vii,
Roman leader in Tabari, Shaddad, son of 'Ad, legend of,
viii, 188 i, 100
Sergius (Sarkash), minstrel, viii, Shcidward, treasure, viii, 406 and

193 note
Serpent, serpents, on Zahhik's Shaghad, son of Z41, 137, v,
shoulders, i, 139 261
worship and human sacri- Story of Rustam and, 157, v,
fice, 143
i, 260 seq.
Seven, favourite number in Per- provenance of, v, 260
sian story, vii, 186, 280, birth of, V, 263
Banquets of Nushirwan. See astrologers'evil prognostic
Banquet. 264
of, V,
Climes. See Climes. sent to be brought up at
Courses (Haft Khwan) of Kabul, V, 264
Rustam. See Rustam. marries the daughter of the
Planets. See Planet. king of K4bul, v, 264
Persian nobles, legend of the king of Kabul and, plot
vi, 207 against Rustam, v, 265
transferred to Ardshir seq.
Papakan (?), vi, 207 pretended quart el of, with
Stages (Haft Khwan) of As- the king of Kabul, v, 266
fandiyar. See Asfandi- goes to Zabul, v, 267
yar. cause of, taken up by
Warriors, Fight of the, 143, Rustam, v, 267
ii, 25, 82, 107 seq. persuades Rustam to go
Founts, jewel, viii, 392 with Zawdra and a small
and forty Shahs, viii, 395 escort to Kabul, v, 268
and note warns the king of Kabul of
Severus, Roman Emperor (A.D. Rustam's coming, v, 269
146-211), vi, 322 glories over Rustam, v, 271
Hatra besieged by, vi, 322 outwitted and slain by
Shabahang, Farhdd's steed, iii, Rustam, v, 272
313 iv, 8
; corpse of, burnt, v, 277
Bizhan's steed, iv, 47 Shah, accession of, ceremony at,
Shabdiz, Bahram Gur's steed, vi, 409
vii, 37, 80 Shdhi, city in H4mdvaran, ii, 89
Giv's steed,iii, 257 Shahcibad, the modern name for
Luhrasp's steed, iv, 323 the ruins of Gund-i-Sh4-
taken by Gushtasp, iv, pur in Khuzistan, vi, 295
3^3 Shahd, river, ii, 108; iii, 11,
Mihrab's steed, i, 326 116, 118, 123, 152, 173,
Khusrau Parwiz' steed, viii, 230, 241 ; vi, 391, 392
407 ; ix, 30 Shahd, mountain, iii, 237
3^>4 GENERAL INDEX
Shahnama (Bastan-nama, Khii- Shahnama, principles of the
dai-nama), isg, i, 66 ; ix, present translation of, i,
4 scq., 43, 50, 6i, 70 77 seq.
subject-matter of, how pre- certain terms used in, ex-
served, i, 56 plained, i, 80 seq.
oiigin of, i, 65 seq. Firdausi on the compilation
put into wilting, i, 66 of, i, 108
Prose, compilers of, referred historic element in mythical
to, vlii, 71, 73 period of, iii, 8 seq.
probably compiled by Magi, Greek subject-matter in, vi,
i, 69 II
referied to, by Firdausi, i, derivation of Sikandar given
108, 109 ; iv, 141 seq. ; in, vi, 19
vi, ig6 historic period of, i, 49; vi, 29
more than one, i, 29, 66, 67, Tian and, analogy between,
69 vi, 193
Dakiki and. See Dakihi. portion of, corresponding to
Shahnama, Firdausi's, 139, iy6, Karnamak, vi, 196
3, 23 seq. ; iii, 7, 9, 11, Karnamak and, compared,
14, 271, 286 ; iv, 7, 8, vi, 200 seq., 255 seq.
1^6 316, V.9- seq., 19,

seq., Wisdom-literature in, vii,
20, 22 seq., 27 seq., 293, 278 seq.
294 ; vi, 3 and note, 30, Shahnama, of Abii- 'All Muham-
31, 66 seq., 72, 79, 82 seq., '
j
mad, i, 69
194 seq., 205 seq., 249 seq., Shahra, chief, 165, vii, 92
253, 256, 270 note, 294, made king of Tiiran by
301. 307. 310. 325. 326; Bahram Gur, vii, 92
vii, 5, 156, 184, 185, 215, Shahram-Piruz. See Badan
217. 317. 381 ; viii, 3, 41, Piriiz.
42, 71, 72, T^seq., xS-j seq. Shahran, ix, 102

191, 192 pleads with Mahwi for Yaz-
scene of, i, 3 dagird, ix, 102
theme of, i, 8, 47 Shahran Guraz, Iranian warrior,
Baisinghar Khan's edition speech of, viii, 239
of, i, 23 Shahranguiaz (Hurmuzd Shah-
completion of, Firdausi on, ranguraz, Guraz q.v.),
176 ; ix, 121 175: ix, 50
date of completion of, i, 24 ;
heads conspiracy against
ix, 122 Guraz ix, 54
;
length, metre, and language Shahr-Bami-Iram, sister of Gfv

of, i, 47; iv, 8 ix, 122 ;
and wife of Rustam, ii, 4,
anomalies of, i, 48 384
explained, i, 48 Shahrbaraz (Guraz q.v.), Iranian
divisions and chief charac- general, viii, 194 ; ix, 43,
ters of, i, 49 50
machinery of, i, 51 revolt of, viii, 195
leading motives of, i, 53 sons of, viii, 196
cosmogony of, i, 71 ; iv, 136 rebellion of, ix, 43, 44
imagery of, i, 72 alliance of, with Heraclius,
editions of, i, 76 ix, 44
translations of, i, 77, 87 i
Shahr-Baiz. See Shahibardz.
GENERAL INDEX 3^'5
Sluilirgir, warrior in Sikandar's Sham, king of, taken prisoner by

host, vi, 125, 126 Rustam, ii, 97
takes Kaidi'ifa's son and ShamAsas, Tiirdnian hero, i.f2 ;
daiiglitcr-in-law piisoncrs, i, 346 ii, 12, 18

;
vi, 125 Khazarw4n and, invade Ki.-

Shahrgir, captain of the host to "bulistan, i, 345, 35S
Anlshir Papakan, vi, 241 parleyed with by Alihrab to
Ardshir's instructions to, vi, gain time, i, 358
241 flees from Zk], i, 361
goes to Ardshir's help, \i, met and defeated by Karan,

244 and Hole i. 3'Ji
Shahrguraz (Shahrbardz q.v.), ix, Shambalid, daughter of Barzin,
50 vii, 53
Shahrinaz, sister of Jamshid, married to Bahram Gur, vii,
wife of Zahhak and Fari- 53
dun, and mother of Salm Shamiran, Turanian hero, iii, 185
and Tur, i, 90, 142, 164 comes to aid Piran, iii, 152
seq., 177 Shamiran, stronghold north of
married to Zahhak, i, 146 Harat (?), ix, 91, 94
sons of, by Faiidiln, i, 177 Shammakh, king of Siir, iv, 57,
Shahn'r, Shahrivar, ameshas- 146
penta, i, 88 iii, 286, 328
; Shammas, legendary founder of
month and day, i, 88 v, ; Fire-worship, vi, 339 note
310 ; vii,76 Shammas, Ntishzad's general,
Shahrwaraz (Shahrbaraz q.v.), vii,219, 272
50
ix, Shamta, viii, 195, 196
Shahrwi, archimage, vi, 329 Shangul, king of Hind, temp.
minister during Shapur son Kai Khusrau, /^p, 161, iii,
of Urmuzd's minority, vi, 172, 185, 198, 205, 210,

329 217. 251
Shahryar, son of Shiiin and comes to aid Pircin, iii, 152
Khusrau Parwiz, 39 ix, volunteers to light Rustam,
father of Yazdagird, ix, iii, 209, 216
64 challenges Rustam, iii, 221
Sh4hwi, eldest son of Haftwad, worsted, iii, 221
vi. 237 temp. Cahram Gtir, 165, vi,
referred to, vi, 206 325 ; vii, 109 seq.
helps his father against border-raids of, vii, no
Aidshir Papakan, vi, 236 gives audience to the Iran-
executed, vi, 245 ian envoy (Bahram Giir),
Shahwi (=iMdhwi ?), one of Fir- vii, 112
dausf's authoiities, vii, state of, described, vii,
382, 394 1 12
Shakespeaie, quoted, iii, 286 ;

brother of, vii, 113
V, 156 nole vii, 383 viii
; ; vaunts his own greatness,
1 87 vii,114
Shakn, region, iii, 152, 177, 185, wife the daughter of the
of,
192, 204, 222, 223, 228, Faghfur, vii, 115
237 son of, vii, 1 15
Sh4m (Syria), ii, 80, 84 ; vi, 357 ;
entertains Bahram Gur, vii,
viii, 170 116
366 GENERAL INDEX
Shangul, Bahram Gur wrestles Shapiir, son of Papak, vi, 199
before, vii, 117 Shapiir, son of Ardshir Papakan,
plays at polo, vii, 118 Shah (Sapor I), 161 i, 42
, ;
Bahram Giir displays his vi, 3, 256, 303, 307, 313,

markmanship before, vii, 315, 321 seq., viii, 265
118 compilation of Zandavasta
tiies to find out who the under, i, 62, 63
Persian envoy (Bahram stories of, in Karnamak, vi,
Gur) is, vii, 118 seq. 196, 255

takes counsel with his sages, Tab'ari, vi, 255, 257
vii, 126 crowned in his father's life-
offers a daughter and great time, vi, 257
advancement to Bahram secret birth of, vi, 261
Gur, vii, 127 origin of name, vi, 262
marries Sapinud to Bahrdm note
Gur, vii, 128 scq. recognised and acknow-
goes to a festival, vii, ledged by Ardshir Papa-
134 kan, vi, 264
hears of Bahram Giir's flight discovers the daughter of
vii, 135 Mihrak, vi, 268 seq.
reproaches Sapinud, vii, 135 summoned and counselled
makes a league with Bahram by Ardshir Papakan, vi,
Gur, 137 285 sea. J.
bids farewell to Sapinud, vii, confused with Shapiir son

137 of Urmuzd, vi, 294, 321,
makes a new treaty with 324. 327
Bahram Giir, vii, 140 Reign of, 161, vi, 294 seq.
entertained with seven other Note on, vi, 294
kings by Bahram Giir, vii, historical inaccuracies of,
140 seq. vi, 294
visits his daughter Sapinud, wars of,with Rome, vi, 294,
vii, 142 297
farewells Sapinud, vii, 143 Odenathus and, vi, 294
makes Bahram Giir his heir, defeats the Rumans, vi,
vii, 143 297
Bahram Giir's parting gifts leccives tribute from Caisar,
to, vii, 144 vi, 298
sends Gipsies to fran, vii, builds cities, vi, 298
149 bids Bazaniish build a bridge
Shapigan, treasury of, i, 61, 62 at Shiishtar, vi, 298
Shapiir, Pishdadian hero, i, 210, summons and counsels Ur-
211, 215 muzd, vi, 299
slain, 352
i, Shapiir, son of Urmuzd, Shah
'
Shipiir, Kaianian hero, ii, 271, (Sapor II), 162, 163, i,

338, 340 iii, 19, 289, 322,
; 374 V, 16 note
; vi, 3, ;
331 iv, 292

; 294. 295, 307, 371, 373,
hails Gushtasp as Shah, iv, 405 (?) ; vii, 359 ; viii,
362 41
Sh&piir, Ashk4nian (Parthian) provides for uniformity of
king, vi, 197, 210 Zoroastiian doctrine, i, 62
'
May be identical wiili ihe above in legend.
GENERAL IXDEX 3^>7
Shapur, s<jn of Urmuzd, Zoroas- ShApiir, praises the slave-girl, vi-

trian canon closed under, 34<3
i. 03 prejiarcs to attack Caesar,
referred to, vi, 318 vi, 346
Reign of, 162. vi, 321 seq. sends spies to Taisafun, vi,
Note on, \i, 321 seq. 346
bridge of, at Taisafun, vi, sends tidings of his victory
321. 3^9 over Caesar to the prov-
icsidences of, vi, 321, 330 inces, vi, 348
confused with Shapur, son treatment of Caesai by, vi,
of Ardshir, vi, 294, 321, 340
3^4. 327 invades Riim, vi, 350
triumphant treaty of, with defeats Ydnus, vi, 352
the Riimans, vi, 326, 355 bids Bazanush come to him,
cities of, \i, 327, 357 vi, 354
birth of, vi, 328 dictates terms of peace, vi,
crowned as an infant, vi, 328 355
education of, vi, 329 returns to Istakhr, vi, 356
Mdlika offeis to betray her takes Nasibin, vi, 356
father's hold to, vi, 331 names and honours the
opens the gate to, \i, 333 slave-girl, vi, 356
sends Malika to his camp, vi, rewards the gardener, vi, 357
333 keeps Caesar captive, vi, 357
treatment of Arab captives sends Caesar's corpse to
by, vi, 323, 334 Rum, vi, 357
receives the title of Zii'l arranges a disputation be-
Aktdf q.v., vi, 335 tween Mam' and the high
returns to Pars and receives piiest, vi, 35S
tiibute, vi, 335 Mani executed by, vi, 359
consults the astrologers, vi, ananges foi the succession
33.5 with his brother Ardshir,
visits Caesar in disguise, vi, vi, 360 seq.
336 dies, \i, 362
entertained by Ca?sar, vi, ShApur, son of Shipiir, Shih
337 (Sapor III), 163, vi, 3,
denounced by a Persian resi- 251, 360, 371 ; vii, 171,
dent at Caesar's court, vi, 186
337 Ardshir, son of Urmuzd,
arrested, 337 vi, resigns the throne to, vi,
sewed up in an ass's skin and 364
imprisoned, vi, 338 Reign of, 163, vi, 365 seq.
pitied by an Iranian slave- Note on, \i, 365
girl, vi, 339 death of, vi, 366
freed from ass's skin by Tabari on, vi, 365
slave-girl, vi, 340 Shapur, son of Yazdagird, king
entertained by a gardener, of Armenia, vi, 373
vi, 341 seq. Shdpur of Rai, Kubad's com-
sends the gardener to the mander-in-chief, vii, 184,
high priest, vi, 344 185 viii, 72
;
described by the gardener, summoned to overthrow

vi, 344 Siifarai, vii, 191
368 GENERAL INDEX
Shapur of Rai, conference of, ,
Shida, refuses to interfere in the
with Kubad, vii, 192 fight between Rustam and
goes to Shiraz and arrests Piiladwand, iii, 363
Sufarai, vii, 193 sent by Afrasiyab to Khk-
conveys Sufarai to Sh4h razm, iv, 11
Kubad, vii, 194 defeated by Ashkash, iv,
Shapur, Iranian noble, temp. 60, 72
Nushinvan, vii, 304, 333 commands the left wing, iv,
Shapur, Iranian wairior, J72, 155

viii, 202, 225, 257, 259, surname of, meaning of, iv,
269, 293, 296 155 note

deceived by Caesar's talis- urges Afrasiyab to attack
man, viii, 273 Kai Khusiau, iv, 159
praised by Caesar, viii, Afrasiyab's leply to, iv,
279 160
Bahram Chiibina writes to, wishes to meet Kai Ivhus-
viii, 285 rau in single combat, iv,
receives Istakhr and Darab- 161
gird, viii, 313 goes on an embassage to
Shapiir, father of Piruz, ix, Kai Khusrau, iv, 161
80 skirmish of, with Iranian
Shapur Gird (Gund-i-Shapur (/.y.) outposts, iv, 164
city, vi, 295, 298 welcomed by Kai an, iv,
Shatt-al-Arab, the combined 165
streams of the Tigiis and mail and steed of, iv, i68
Euphrates, ix, 67 receives Kai Khusrau 's reply,
Shawaran, Iranian hero, 151, ii, iv, 170
73, 90, III, 228, 249, 250, returns to Afrasiyab, iv, 170
255. 271, 318 iii, 20, 34,
; goes to fight Kai Khusrau,
43, 45. 48. 67, 115, 334, iv, 171
iv, 97. 105. 147. 275 parley of, with Kai Khus-
Shawwal, the tenth Muham- rau, iv, 172
madan month, vi, 208 challenges Kai Khusrau to
Sheep's heads, Bahram Chiibina a wrestling-bout, iv, 173
and viii, 74, 107
the, urged by his interpreter to
omen reported to Hur-
of, flee from Kai Khusrau, iv,
muzd, viii, 108 174

Shem, patriarch, vi, 65 refuses, iv, 174
Shepherds, Kai Khusrau brought wrestles and is overthrown,
up by, ii, 328 seq. iv, 175
Sher-kappi, viii, 322 note Kai Khusrau instructs Ruh-
Shi'ban, vi, 397 ham to bury, iv, 176
Shida (Pashang), son of Afra- Sliidasp, minister to Tahmiiras,
siyab, 152, i, 92 ; iii, 262, i, 127
350 ; iv, 10 seq., 15, 135, Shidasp, son of Gushtasp, 155,

156, 158 seq., 206, 222, ii, 3 V, 26, 58
;
2S7, 290 death of, foretold by Jam4sp

consulted by his father, iii, V, 50
250 seq. given command of one wing,
goes on embassy to Piilad- V, 55
wand, iii, 255 slain, V, 58
GENERAL INDEX S'iO
Shidiish, franian hero, i, 211 ; ii, Shiri'n, has charge of Rdja's letter
58, 85, 158, 340 ; iii, 33, ix, 17
45, 48, 127, 129, 130, 139, companions Khusrau Par-
141, 157, 248, 253 ; iv, wiz in prison, ix, 29
13, 15, 25, 191 reproached and summoned
with K4ran and Kishwdd, by Shirwi, ix, 36
pursues Kurakhan, i, 354 makes her Will, ix, 36
put in command of the goes to Court, ix, 37
rear, iv, 92 40
justifies hciself, ix, 38,
Kai Khusrau remonstrated exonerated, ix, 38, 41
with by, and other nobles, sons of, ix, 39
for refusing audience, iv, unveils to the Court, ix, 39
-275 enamoured of, ix, 39
Shir\vi
Shi'ite, Shi'itcs, Muhammadan makes request of Shirwi, ix,
sect, i, 13 40,41
origin of, i, 13 goes home, 40 ix,
Firdausi a, i, 24 distributes her wealth, ix, 40
Shikbdn, TrAnian warrior, vi, frees her slaves, ix, 41
395 poisons herself, ix, 42
Shiknan, place, vii, 359 Shirkhan (Shirvan, district and
Shingan, region, iii, 228, 238 ; town west of the Caspian
iv, 65 between the Kur river and
Shiraz, citj' in Pars (Farsistan), Darband ?), i, 169
166, i, 236 vi, 198 note,; Shirkhun, a Zabuli, v, 184
210 vii, 6, 173, 190, 193,
; guides I3ahman to Rustam,
194 V, 184
Sliiriu, wife of Khusrau Parwiz, Shiiu, son of Gushtasp, 155, v, 26
174, 175. viii, 187, 194, slain, V, 57
363. 383. 407 ix, 28, 36 ;
Shiriiya, son of Bi'zhan, iv, 360
enmity of, to Shirwi, viii, goes with Zarir to Riim, iv,
189, 191, 193 360
account of, viii, 192 Shirwan (Shirvan ?) iii 216.
Khusrau and, Persian poem, See Shirkhan.
viii, 192 Shirwi, franian hero, i, 207, 215
meaning of, 193
viii, helps to take the Castle of
Maryam murdered by, \'iii, the Alans, i, 223 seq.
193. 389 conveys the spoil to Faridun,
a Christian, viii, 195 i.230, 232
warns Khusrau Parwiz Slu'rwi, Nushirwan's commander-
against Gurdya, viii, 364 in-chief, vii, 251
Khusrau Par\viz and, ix, 7 appointed to receive the
Story of, i'74, viii, 382 Ruman tribute, vii, 262
married to, viii, 386 Shfnvi (KubM q.v.). Shdh, 174,
gilded chamber given to, 175, viii, 188, 190,
viii, 389 seq. : ix, 7, 8, II, 27, 2
hears Kubid proclaimed 31 seq., 36, 45, 47, 64
Sh4h, viii, 416 Shirfn's enmity to, \'iii, i
informs Khusrau Parwfz, 191. 193

viii, 416 internment of, viii, i(],^^96,
has charge of Slu'rwi's horo- 391
scope, ix, 16 released, viii, 196, 4^5
VOL. IX. A.\
370 GENERAL INDEX
Sh'rwi (Kubad), secret and public Shu'ib, Arab chief, 158, vi, 21
names of, viii, 372, 416 attacks Darab, vi, 21
astrologers consulted at defeated and slain, vi, 22
birth of, viii, 372 Shiilak, Gushtasp's steed
ill-omened horoscope of, viii, (Dakiki), v, 73
372 ; ix, 16 Asfandiyar's steed (Fir-
referred to, viii, 373, 390 dausi), V, 126
kept by Shirin, ix, 16 Shiirab (Sura), city on the
Khusrau Parwiz gives Euphrates, east of
Cajsar's gifts to, viii, 381 Antioch, vii, 217
boorishness of, viii, 390 place of Gushtasp's exile,
Khusrau Parvviz' displeasure vii, 254
with, viii, 390 taken by Nushirwan, vii,
sends to take Khusrau Par- 217. 254
wiz, viii, 419 Shiirsan, vi, 379
Reign of, lys, ix, 3 Shiis (Siis, Susa), city on the
Note on, ix, 3 Karkhah river north west
Length of, ix, 42 of Shiishtar in Khuzistan,
tieatment of Khusrau Par- vi, 327
wiz by, ix, 7 Shiishtar, ^"hustar, city on the
writes to Heiaclius, ix, 7 Dujayl (Kariin) river in
Ashtad and Kharrad report Khuzistan, vi, 199, 295
their interview with Khus- and note, 299 viii, 381 ;
rau Parwiz to, ix, 27 dam and bridge at, vi, 298,
reproaches and summons 326
Shirin, ix, 36, 37 Sicily, vi, 30
falls in love with Shirin, ix, Alexander the Great's legen-
39 dary visit to, vi, 30
grants Shirin 's requests, ix, Siege-operations, iii, 246 iv, 208 ;
40, 42 51?^. vii, 254, 257

;
poisoned, ix, 42 Signs, the Twelve (Zodiac), vii,

son of, ix, 42 408
Shirzad, herald in Niishirwan's Sigz, man of (Rustam), ii, 100
host, vii, 252 and note ; iii, 183, 209,
Shirzil, franian warrior, viii, 218, 221
296 Sigzian, a native of Sigz, v, 226
Shiz (Takht-i-Sulaiman), seat of and note 228
the Magi in Azarbaijan, i, = Rustam, iii, 209, 225, 227 ;
60 viii, 190
; v, 241
Fire-temple at, vii, 5 = Zawara, v, 226, 2 28
Khatiin sent to, vii, 5 = Faramarz, v, 228
Shoemaker, Bahram Gur and Sikandar (Iskandar, Alexander
the, 164, vii, 24 the Great, q.v.). Shah, 158-
Nushirwan and the, i6g, 160, i, 42, 49 ii, 3, Sseq.;
;
218, 260
vii, V, 30 vi, II, 13, 16, 18,
;
offer of, to advance money 29. 30, 33. 193. 210, 240
to Nushirwan, viii, 48 and note, 325, 353 viii, ;
rejected, viii, 50, 71 52, 214, 217, 242, 262.

ci'u'ba Mughira, companion of 381, 387. 392 ; ix, 26
"'whhe Prophet, ix, O9, 83 paternity of, i, 55 and
p^^ assy of, ix, 69. 82 note
[
GENERAL INDEX 371
Sikandar, clorivation of, in Ta- Sikandar, sends envoys to Ispa-
bari, vi, ly han and to the family of
dciivation of, in Shdhnima, D4ra, and letters to the
vi, 19, 26 provinces, to announce
birth of, vi, 18, 26 his accession, vi, 57
adopted as his heir by Faila- crowned Shah at Istakhr,
kus, vi, 27 vi, 5<j
counselled by Arastih's, vi, Reign of, 15S, vi, 60 seq.
35 Note on, vi, 60 seq.
refuses tribute to Ddrd, vi, diagram to illustrate Per-
36 sian Romance of, \ i, 84
prepares for war with Dard, inaugural address of, vi, 85
vi. 37 correspondence of, with the
invades, and defeats king of, the wife and daughter of
Misr, vi, 30, 37 Daici, vi, a 86, seq.
Iran, vi, 30, 37 seq. marries Riishanak, vi, 90
visit of, to the camp of Dkrk,
'
invades Hind, vi, 98
vi, 38 Kaid and, vi, 61, 98
invited to banquet with approaches Milad, vi, 61, 98
Dara, vi, 40 inquires about the Four
takes the golden cups of Wonders of Kaid, vi, 100
Dara, vi, 40 Four Wonders and other
recognised, vi, 40 gifts sent by Kaid to, vi,
escapes, vi, 41 103
defeats Dara, vi, 43, 44, 46 marries daughter of Kaid, vi
issues proclamation to the 104
Iranians, vi, 44, 47 sage of Kaid and, vi, 62, 104
gives the spoil to his troops, seq.
vi, 44. 47 principle of the cup ex-
marches from 'Irak against plained to, vi, log
Dara, \n, 46 conceals his treasures, vi,
enters Istakhr, vi, 46 no and note
answers Dara's letter, vi, 50 advances to Kannvij, vi, no
marches from Istakhr, vi, 51 troops of, protest, vi, 113
hears of Dard's murder, vi, remonstrates with his troops
52 vi, 113
arrests Darei's murderers, vi, troops of, ask pardon, vi,
53 114
finds Dara still living, vi, 53 war of, with Fiir (Porus), vi,
promises to avenge Dcir4, vi, 67, no seq.
53 hears of Fiii's elephants, vi,
promises to carry out Ddri's "5

last wishes, vi, 54 his device to overcome, vi,
Dari bestows Riishanak "5
upon, vi, 55, 86 challenges Fiir to single
laments for, and buries, combat, vi, 116
Dara, vi, 55, 56 slays vi, 117
I'lir,
executes Dard's murdereis, Fiir's troops submit to, vi,
vi, 56 n8
hailed as ruler by the frin- becomes king of Hind, vi,
ians, vi, 56 n8
372 GENERAL INDEX
Sikandar, bestows Hind on Sikandar, rsveals himself to Tai-
Sawurg, vi, ii8 niish, vi, 142
visit of,to Mecca and the entertains at a banquet,
Kaaba, vi, 64, 67, 119 seq. gives gifts to, and dis-
ends the rule of the Khuza' misses, Tainush, vi, 143
in Arabia, vi, 120 final message of, to Kaidafa,
sets up Nasr instead of the vi, 143
Khuza', vi, 120, Brahmans hear of the com-
goes to Judda, vi, 121 ing of, and write to, vi,
marches to Misr, vi, 121 143
welcomed by king of, vi, interview of, with the Brah-
121 mans, 144 seq.
vi, 67,
stays for a year in, vi, 121 quits the Brahmans, vi, 147
Kaidafa (Candace) and, vi, Fish-eaters (Ichthyophagi,
vi, 65, 121 seq. q.v.) and, vi, 69, seq., 147,
poitiait obtained by
of, 177
Kaidafa, vi, 122 adventuie of, with a whale,
Kaidafa praised by Kabtun vi, 71, 147
to, vi, 122 sees gigantic reeds (bam-
\viites to Kaidafa, vi, 123 boos), vi, 71, 148
Kaidafa's answer to, vi, 123 attacked by snakes, scor-
assumes the name of Nait- pions, and boars, vi, 148
kiin (Antigonus), vi, 66, the people of Habash, vi,
125 seq. 149
pleads (as Naitkiin) for the Narmpai, vi, 150
Kaidriish and his wife, vi, adventure of, with a dragon,
126 vi, 71, 151
goes (as Naitkiin) to Kai- visits the temple of Diony-
dafa, vi, 127 sus, vi, 71, 152, 166
graciously received by Kai- warned of his death, vi, 152,
dafa, vi, 128 161, 166
audiences of, with Kaidafa, marches toward Hariim, the
vi, 128 seq. City of Women (Amazons
recognised by Kaidafa, vi, q.v.), vi, 153 seq.
129 seq. encounters snow and frost,
delivers his message, as vi, 156
envoy, to Kaidafa, vi 129, encounters great heat, vi,
134 157
covenant of, with Kaidafa, encounters the negroes, vi,
vi, 132, 138 157
warned by Kaidafa against reaches and inspects Harum,
Tainiish, vi, 133 -î. 157
insulted by Tainush, vi, 134 marches westward and finds

counsels Kaidafa about Tai- a fair-haired race, vi, 73,
niish, vi, 135 158
covenant with Tainush,
of, hears of the Gloom, q.v., and
vi, 136 of the Fount of Life, q.v.,
Kaiddfa's gifts to, vi, 140 and prepares to visit them
returns with Tainush, vi, 141 vi, 158
welcomed by his troops, vi, sets forth with Khisr as
141 guide, vi, 159
GENERAL INDEX 373
Sikandar, Khisr ami, part com- Sikandar, arrives at Habil, vi,
pany, vi, U)0 180
fails to find the Fount of prodigious birth at, vi, 81,
Life, vi, 160 180
interview of, witli biuls, vi, consults the astrologers
160 on, vi, 180
interview of, with Israfil, vi, warned of his end, vi, iSo
7S, lOI sickens, vi, i8i
emerges from the Gloom, vi, Will of, vi, 8r, i8i
162 grief of the troops for, vi,
matches eastward, vi, 163 183, 184
hears of YAjiij and Majiij, dies, vi, 183
vi, 163 dispute as to burial of, vi.
barrier of, j6o, i, 16 ; vi, 7S, 184
164, 2. ,9 body of, taken to Iskanda-
Speaking Tree visited by, vi, riya, vi, 185
167 seq." See Tree, sentences of sages over, vi,
reaches The World's 82, 83, 185
End," vi, 168 cities of, vi, 83, 189
receives gifts, vi, 169 Zoroast:ian and Sasanian
expedition of, to Chin, vi, view of, i, 59 and note, 61
80, i6g seq. seq. ; vi, 15 and note, 224,
goes as his own ambassador 240 vii, 79 and note
;
to the Faghfiir, vi, Silk, account of, vi, 204

170 introduction of, into the
describes himself, vi, 171 West, vi, 204
Faghfur's gifts to, vi, 173 Silk-worm. See Silk.
departs with Faghfur's en- Silvia, Vestal, v, 293
voy, vi, 173 Simah Barzin, scribe, Hurmuzd
identity of, discovered by plots against, 170, viii, 85,
the envoy, vi, 173 seq.
dismisses the envoy with Simmas, chief herdsman of
gifts and a message to Ninus, V, 292
Faghfur, vi, 174 Simurgh, mythical biid, 156, J57,
anives at Chaghwan, vi, i, 51 iii, 15S, 313, 330
; ;
174 V, 117, 132 seq., 166, 246,

marches to Sind, vi, 175 248, 255
defeats Band^wa, chief of described, i, 235 and note,
the Sindians, vi, 175 253. 276, 302, 326. V, 132
marches to Nimruz, vi, nest of, on Mount Alburz, i,
175 241, 244. 250
receives gifts from the king young of. i, 242, 250, v, 132,
of Yaman, vi, 175 133
meets Gush-bistar, vi, 177 fmds and biings up the in-
carries ofl the treasuies of fant Zal, i, 242
Kai Khusrau, vi, 178 informs Z^l of his parentage,
policy of, for safeguaiding i. 245
Riim after his decease, vi, gives Zdl one of her feathers,
8r, 178, 197 i, 246, 321
adopts the advice of Aras- their efficacy, i, 246, 320

tali's, vi, 180 restores ZAl to Sam, i, 247
374 GENERAL INDEX
Simurgh, referred to, i, 251 Sindukht, Mihrab and, prepare
succours Riidaba, i, 320 seq. to welcome Sam and Zal,
foretells Kustaiu's future i, 315. 317
greatness, i, 321 entertain Sam and Zal, i,
slain by Asfandiyar, v, 133 3 1 7 -"^'''l-

summoned to Rustam's aitl visit Sam in Si'stan, i, 319
by Zal, V, 235 seq. Sinjibii, first historical Khan of

heals Rustam and Rakhsh, the Turks, 317 vii,
V. 237 relations with Niishir-
of,
instructs Rustam how to wan, vii, 317
overcome Asfandiyar, v, Haitalians and, vii, 317
237 Sipahram, Turanian hero, J51 ;
Sind, the river Indus and the ii, 228, 229, 388 iv, 26, ;
parts adjacent, i, 113 ii, ; 103

285 iii, 10 note, 117, 185,
;
chosen to fight with Hajir,
216, 238 iv, 65, 71 V, ; iv, 97
75, 180, 203, 277 vi, 113; ;
slain by Hajir, i\', 104
vii, no, 112, 390 Sipand (Spewto-data, q.v., Spen-
king of, iii, 185 vi, 113,; dyad, Sapad, White
entertained by Bahram Castle), mountain north-
Gur, vii, 140 seq. west of Nishapiir, 142, i,
kings of, send tribute to 377 ii, 118
; v, 30, 116, ;
Gushtasp, v, 75 117
chiefs of, vi, 123 Malcolm's identification and
warriors of, vi, 132, 137 desciiption of,' i, 236
Sikandar marches to, vi, 175 Zal bids Rustam take, i, 329
Sindbad, the sailor, vi, 71 described, i, 329
lands on a whale, vi, 71 taken by Rustam, i, 331
Sinde, river, iii, 10 and note treasures of, i, 331, 332
Sindian, Sindians, 160, vii, 126 hold destroyed by Zal's
of,
defeated by Sikandar, vi, orders, i, 333
175 Sipandarmad, ameshaspenta,
Sindukht, wife of Mihrab and q.v., iii, 287, 328 v, 18 ;
mother of Riidaba, 141, i, month, i, 89 iv, 252

; ix, ;
259, 299 70, 122

Mihrab praises Zal to, i, 260 day, i, 88, 89, viii, 331
discovers the loves of Zal Sipanjab (Farghana ?), region, i,
and Riidaba, i, 281 375 ii. 241,342,344. 345
;
reproaches Riidaba, i, 282 358 iii, 151

;
informs Mihrab about Zal Sipansar, Iranian warrior,viii, 293

and Riidaba, i, 284 Sistan = Nimriiz = Zabuiistan,'
goes with gifts to Sam, i, 144, 149, 155, i, 319 ; ;
300 seq. ii, 80, 335, 365 iii, 165, ;
well received by Sam, i, 302 166, 191, 207, 321, 356;

invites Sam to visit Kabul, iv, 14, 278 ; V, 13, 17, 29,
i. 305 85, 86, 89, 94, 173, 174,
returns to Kabul, i, 306 201, 220, 248, 261, 264,
hears of Zal's success with 267 vi, 32, 198 vii, 214
; ;
Miniichihr, 315 i, former capital of, i, 4

felicitates Riidaba, i, 315 lake of, i, 4 v, 239 note
;
"
•C/. Vol. v., p. 30. Ste p. 333 note.
GENERAL ISDEX 373
Si'stdn, orig;in of name, i, 19 S i y awiish — ro n I .
l)y Sliamasas and

invadoil 172, 201, 202, 204, 205,
Khazarwan, i, 358 214. 215, 22J, 223, 231,
mourning in, for Kustam, v, 235. 249, 250, 252, 257,
278 267, 270, 271, 283, 285,
invaded by Bahman, v, 284 289, 299, 305, 307, 310 ;
seq. v, 174, 176, 192, 208, 272 ;
Persian measure of weight,

Siti'r, viii, 104, 349, 395 note ;
iii, 184 ix, 25 and note, 26 note.

Situh, Turanian heio, v, 86, 87 103
goes as a spy to Iran and mother of, 144, ii, 3
reports to Arjasp, v, 80, Story of, 144, ii, 188 seq.
Note on, ii, 188 seq.
Siyah Chasm, skive of Farrukh- good examjile of Fir-
zad, ix, O2 dausi's method, ii, 188
handmaid of Farrukhzad Prelude to, ii, 191
and, ix, 62 identical with Cambyses,
imprisoned, ix, 62 the father of Cyrus the
released, ix, 62 Great, in legend, ii, 191
poisons Farrukhzad, ix, 63 adventure of the mother of,
Siyamak, son of Gaiumart, /J9, 193
ii.
117, 119
i, destined to misfortune from
slainby the Black Div, i, 120 birth, ii, 196
lamentations over, i, 120 brought up by Rustani, ii,
Siyamak, Turanian hero, iî, iv, 196

97 horoscope of, ii, 196, 205,
chosen to fight with Guraza, 234
iv, 97 returns to court, ii, 197
slain by Gurdza, iv, 100 made ruler of Kuhistan, ii,
Siyavakhsh. See Siyiwush. 199
Siydvashana. See Siyawush. mourns for liis mother's
Siydwush, son of Kai K4us, and death, ii, 199
father of Farud and Kai temptation of, by Siulaba,
Khusrau, 144-148. i, 55, ; ii, 200 seq.
92 ; ii, 3, 25, 82, 104 note marches against Afrasiy4b,

187 seq.,335, 338 seq., 346 ii, 225 seq.
seq., 363. 371. 372, 374 demands hostages of Afrd-
seq.. 3«3. 386, 388, 396, siyab, ii, 239 seq.
403, 411 ; iii, 8, 13, 18, 19, goes over to Afrasiyab, ii,
21, 22, 29. 39. 42. 43. 51. 258 seq.

52, 57, 66, 67, 71, 72, 87, plays at polo with Afrasiyib
93, 99, 112, 117, 118. 137. ii, 264
146, 148, 149, 156, 163, archery of, ii, 266, 293
183, 197, 199, 200, 201, 203 mairiage of, with Jarira, ii,
seq.. 211, 214, 226, 237, 268 seq.
238, 256, 283, 289, 297, marriage of, with 1-aiangis,
307. 315. 324. 347; iv. 7. ii, 270 seq.
17. 18, 34, 50, 51, 70 seq., entertained by PirAn, ii, 278
89. 90, 95. 96. 102, 109, buikls cities, ii, 278 seq.
120, 127, 129, 130, 137, consults the astrologers, ii,
152, 159, 162. 167, 168, 282

376 GENERAL INDEX
Siyawush, foie tells the future to Skirts, binding together of, in
I'iran, ii, 282 seq. battle, iv, 85 and note, 177
entertains Piran, ii, 287 and note, 209
entertains Garsiwaz, ii,290 Slavs, 194
viii,
scq. Smerdis, the false, v, 1 1 vi, 207 ;
plays at polo with Garsiwaz, Snakes = Arabs, ix, gi

ii, 292 Snowstorm, iii, 108
challenged by Garsiwaz, ii, Iranian host distressed by,
294 iii, 71, 128 V, 137; vi, 156
;
overthrows Gurwi and Da- paladins of Kai Khusrau

mur, ii, 295 lost in, iv, 308 seq.
slandered by Garsiwaz to Sohrab and Rustam, Matthew
Afrasiyab, ii, 296 seq. Arnold's, ii, 118
summoned to court by Sol, planet, viii, 395
Afrasiyab, ii, 300 seq. Soma. See Homa.
betrayed by Garsiwaz, ii, Son of Firdausi, death of, viii,
301 seq. 190

excuses himself from going Song, of a div, ii, 31
to coutt, ii, 306 of Rustam, ii, 51
passion of, ii, 307 seq. of Asfandiyar, v, 129
foretells the future to Faran- of the daughter of Barzin,
gis, ii, 310 seq. vii, 52
charges and turns loose of thedaughter of Mahiyar,
Bihzad, ii, 312 vii, 66
60, 61,
attacked and taken by Sophia, Empress, her treatment
Afrasiyab, ii, 314 of Narses, viii, 76
execution of, ii, 320 Sorcerer, a Jewish, brings about
referred to, iv, 268 the death of Nushirwan's
Blood of (plant), ii, 321 minister, Mahbud, vii, 320
birth-mark of, iii, 49 seq.
mail of, iii, 58, 60, 61, 69, 81, Sorceress, Rustam and a, 143, ii,
iv, 40 scq., 51 50 seq.

murderer of = Afrasiyab, iv, Sudaba and a, 144, ii, 214
198 seq.
garth of = Siyawushgiid, iv, Asfandiyar and a, 1^6, v, 128
238 seq.
goods of, viii, 148, 151 Soshyans, the Zoroastrian Mes-
Siyawush, Iranian chief, J72 ; 131
siah, i,
viii,128, 163, 187, 233 Souterrain, 137 iv, 212

ii,
=
son of Bahram, viii, 247 Spain (Andalus), vi, 66
Siyawush, wild duck, ii, 104 Spand-dat (Spento-data, Asfan-
note diyar), V, 24 seq.
Siyawushgird, city built by Siya- Span-dat-nama (Asfandiyar
—
wush, 145, 146, 153 ii, ;
nama), v, 26, 27
301, 314, 373 iv, 250,
; Speaking Tree, the, 160. See
252 Tree.
building and desciiption of, Speech, modes of, viii, 30
ii, 285 seq. Spendyai, mountain. See
becomes the home of Kai Spe>zt6-data.
Khusrau, ii, 333 Spe«t6-data (Spand-d4t, As-
referred to, iv, 238 fandiyir q.v.), v, 12
GEXniiAL INDEX 377
Spe;(t(')-data (Spciulyarf, Sapad, Sufarai, glorification of, in
Sipand q.v. ), mountain Iranian tradition, vii, 170
north-west of Nishapur, account of, vii, 173, 184,
ii, iiS V, 30, 116, 117
;
185
Sphint-s. See Calanus. resolves to avenge Piriiz,
Spica, star, i, 245. 271 ; viii, 379 vii, 173
Spitama, clan name of Zarduhsht writes to Haldsh, vii, 173
(Zoroaster), 236 iv, 15i, ; marches on Marv, vii, 174
Spityura, brother of Yinia (Jam- correspondence of, with
shid), i, 130 Khushnawaz, vii, 174
Spring, a, 143 defeats Khushnawaz, vii,
of Sav, q.v., 163 177
Srovbar, mythical serpent, i, 172 gives the spoil to the troops,
Stages, the Seven, J56. See As- vii, 177
fandiyar. Khiishnawdz sues for peace
Stateira. See Barsine. to, vii, 178
Steed, piece in chess. See Horse. consults his troops, vii,
Steeds, iron, Sikandai's, J59, vi, 178
"5 resolves to make peace, vii,
filledwith naphtha, vi, 115 179
Fur's elephants and troops replies to Khushnawdz, vii,
routed by, vi, 116 179
Stone, the Black. See Black. returns to Iran in triumph,
Strabo, Greek geographer (born vii, 180
c. 63 B.C.), vi, 68, 81 welcomed by Balash and
Strength, handgrip as test of. the chiefs, vii, r8i
See Handgrip. greatness of, vii, 181, 190
Subuktigin, father of Sultin dethrones Balish and makes
Mahniud, account of, i, 20 Kubad Shah, vii, 1S2
^~ title of, i, 21 proverb concerning, vii, 185
referred to by, i, 100, 114 identical with Rizmihr, vii,
Sudaba, daughter of the king of 185
Hamavaran and wife of fall of, vii, 190 seq.
Kai Kaiis, 143-146, ii, 3, Ku bad's letter to, vii, 193
79, 188, 189, 200, seq. 225, arrest of, vii, 193
249, 257, 335, 339 property of, confiscated, vii,
description of, ii, 86 194
marries Kai Kiiis, ii, 88 conveyed to Shdh Kubad,
imprisoned with Kai Kaiis vii, 194
by her father, ii, 91 executed, vii, 195

released by Rustam, ii, 97 son of, (Rizmihi), vii, r96
temptation of Siyawush by, Sufis, vi, 59 and 7iole
ii, 200 seq. Sughd (Sughdiana, Samarkand),
slain by Rustam, ii, 340 district and city in Turk-
referred to, v, 174 istan between the Oxus
Sufaiai (Sarkhin, SukhrA, and Jaxartes, i, 19 ; ii,
Seoses ?), 166, vii, 170 230, 232, 249,

237, 241.
and note, 171, 173 seq. ; 358 iii, 244
; iv, 65, 1S8, ;
viii, 72, 75, 168, 285 189. 255; vii, 331. 337.
appointed minister to the 358, 359
regent Balash, vii, 164 Sughdiana, vi, 72. See Sughd.
378 GENERAL INDEX
Suhrab, son of Rustam and Si'ikhra. See Sufarai.
Tahmina danghter of the Sukhta, treasure, viii, 406 and
king of Samangan, 144, rwfe
ii, 4, 25 iv, 296
; v, 204 ; ;
Sultan. See Mahnnul.
vi, 325 Sumai, viii, 195
Story of, J44, ii, 118 seq. Sun, on the Nature of the, Jjg,
Note on, ii, 118 i,105
purely episodic, ii, 118 one of the seven planets, i,
Sir Jofin Malcolm's ver- 72

sion of, ii, 118 in astiology, i, 188, 310
Matthew Arnold's version and note
of, ii, 118 total eclipse of, vii, 159
Prelude to, ii, 119 Sunday, viii, 378, 380
lament of, for the loss of Sunnites, orthodox Muhamma-
Gurdafrid, ii, 119, note dans, i, 13
questions his mother as to oiigin of, i, 13
his father, ii, 126 Siir, city near Ispahan, iy6, iv,
chargei of, sired by Rakhsh, 146, 180 ix, 74, 89, 95,
;
ii, 128 97, 100, 116, 118

Afrasiyab's plot against, ii, Sura. See Shurab.
129 Surkha, son of Afrasiyab, 146,
gifts to, ii, 130 i, 92 ii, 344 seq.
;
invades fran, ii, 130 taken prisoner by Fara-

takes Hajir prisoner, ii, 131 marz, ii, 345
beguiled by Gurdafrid, ii,i33 death of, ii, 347
described by Gazhdaham, Sursan (Zib-i-Khusrau, Rumiya
ii, 136 q.v.) city built by Nushii-
sees from White Castle the wan, 168, vii, 317, 327,
Iranian host advancing, 328
ii, 148 Surush, angel, the messenger of
seen while feasting bj'' Rus- Urmuzd, 75,7, 172, i, 51,
tam, ii, 150 175, 182 ; ii, 288, 289,
hears of the death of Zhanda 364, 408 iii, 277
; iv, ;
Razm, ii, 151 139, 203, 265, 283, 307;

misled by Hajir, ii, 152 seq. V, 170, 253 vi, 199 ;
overthrows the camp-en note, 372 ; vii, 38 ; viii,

closure of Kaus, ii, t6o 173
challenged by Rustam, ii, warns Gaiumait against the
161 Black Div, i, 119
Rustam described by, ii, bids Gaiumart avenge Siya-
154. 169 mak, i, 120
advances of, to Rustam, visits and instructs Faiidun,
ii,169 i, 159
spares Rustam's life, ii, 170 counsels Faridun about Zah-

again encounters Rustam, ii, hak, i, 169
172 appears to Gudarz in a
makes himself known to dream, ii, 363
Rustam, ii, 173 referred to, iv, 273
last requests of, to Rustam, informs Kai Khusrau that,
ii. 173 his prayer is granted, iv,
mourning for, ii, 182 seq. 281

GENERAL IXDEX 379
Surush, angel, bills Kai Khusrau Tabak, justifies himself, 226 v'l
appoint J.nhiasp as his Aidsliir IVijiakan and, de-

successor, iv, 281 feat Bahman, vi, 226
may bo assunicd to bavc buries Ardawan, \ i, 22<)
acconipanittl Kai Klius- atlvises Arilshir I'apakan to
rau on his pilgrimage, iv, marry the daughter of
139. 303. 308 Ardawan, vi, 229
saves Khusrau Parwiz from Tabaii, Arabic historian (A.D.
Bahram Chubina, viii, 838-923), iii, 108 ; vi, 14
n 299
189,
Surush, day, i, 88 ; vi, 411
note, 16, 19, 30, 198, 200,
291 note, 310, 313, 315,
Surush, astrologer, vi, 372 321, 326 ; vii, 3 seq., 156,
takes liahram Cn'ir's horo- 159, 160, 170, 171, 185
scope, vi, 376 186, 217 ; viii, 73, 73 seq..
Siisanak, a miller's daughter, 188; ix, 4, 50, 01, O4,
32 and note
vii, 69
taken to wife by Bahram account of death of Rustam
Giii, 33 vii, by, V, 261
Susiana (Khiizistdn q.v.), vi, 295, etymology of Dirdb, v,
321 vii, 184
; 297 note
Sviatoi, island lying off western Sasanians, vi, 14 note
shore of the Caspian, i, 58 Alexander's battles with
tiote Darius, vi, 30
Swat, river in Northern India, Yajuj and Majuj, vi, 78
vi, 65 rise of Sasanian dynasty,
Swyamvara, Indian form of vi, 198
mairiage, 316
iv, Ardsliir Papakan, vi, 198,
Syavarshana (Siyawush q.v.), . 203
11, 1S9 iv, 137
;
genealogies of Papak, vi,
Syria (Sham), country, ii, 80 ; 200
vi, 30 viii, 193
; Worm, vi, 205, 206
raiiled by Persians, viii, 41 Haftwad, vi, 203, 206
Syriac, version of the Pseudo- length of Ardshir Papa-
Callisthenes, vi, 14, 16, 18, kan 's reign, vi, 234
30, 31 seq., 61, 63, 65, 66, Ardawan 's daughtei, vi,
68, 71, 72, 74, 78 seq. 255
Chiistian Legend of Alex- Shapur, son of Ardshir
ander, vi, 14, 15, 74,78,84 Papakdn, vi, 255, 257
quoted, vi, 15 death of Shdpur, son of
metrical version of, vi Shapu*-, vi, 305
15. 78, 84 Bahr4m, son of Shapur,
Syrian, ix, 06 vi, 368
Yazdagird, son of Shapur,

vi, 371 seq.
Kubad and Nushirwdn's
reform of taxation, vii,
183 note, 215

Tabak, frdnian chief, 161, vi, 202, Turks, vii, 317
Persian, vii, 5 ; viii, 42, 73
suspected by Ardshii Papa- seq.. 187 seq. ; ix, 4, 3, 43,
k4n. A, 225 ] 70
38o GENERAL INDEX
Tabarf, Persian, story from, con- Tainush, Fui 's son in law, vi,
cerning Kubad, vii, 183 133
note insults Sikandai, vi, 134
Arabic, viii, 42, 73, 1S7, 190 Kaidafa chides, vi, 135
195 ; ix, 4, 5, 7, 43, 50 Kaidafa and Sikandar con-
Tabaristan (Mazandaran, q.v.), sult about, vi, 135
i, 40
39, ix, 74 ;
makes a covenant with
Firdausi's stay in, i, 39 Sikandar, vi, 136
chief of, i, 39, 40 accompanies Sikandar on
patron of Firdausf, i, 39 his return, vi,
141
Table of Contents, General, ix,i39 Sikandar discovers himself
Tables, Genealogical. See Gene- to, vi, 142
alogical. asks grace of Sikandar, vi,
Tacitus, Roman historian (A.D. 142
55-120), iii, 10 and note, pardoned by Sikandar, vi,
15 vi, 73
; 142
Tahm^sp, father of Zav, i, 90, entertained at a banquet,
369, 370 ; ii, II ; iv, 283 presented with gifts, and
Tahmina, daughter of the king of dismissed, by Sikandar,
Samangan and mother of vi, 143
Suhrab, 144; ii, 4, 118 Tainush (Theodosius), 163, vi,
precautions of, for her son's 372, 389, 404
safety, ii, 127, 140, 149 goes to Yazdagird as ambas-
mourning of, for Suhrab, ii, sador, vi, 389
184 seq. asked by Bahram Giir to
death of, ii, 186 intercede with Yazdagird
Tahmuras, Shah, 140, i, 42, 90, for him, vi, 389
91, 214 ; ii, 168 ; 293 iii, ;
obtains Bahram Giii's re-
iv, 133 ; vii, 9 and note, lease, vi, 390, 404

273 ; viii, 277, 332, 376 ;
Tair (Daizan, q.v.), Arab chief,
ix. 25 162 ; vi, 3, 322, 324, 330
Reign of, 140, i, 125 seq. seq.
Note on, i, 125 Taisafun (Ctesiphon, q.v.), 16S,
Binder of the Div (Ahri- 174 vi, 397
> vii, 18S, ;
man), i, 125, 127, 214 194, 361, 363 viii, 53, 90,
;
Ahriman and, legend of, i, 125 109 note, 118, 173, 175,
culture hero, i, 125, 126 180, 182, 229, 241 ; ix, 9,
divs rebel against, i, 127 10, 90
conquers and enslaves the Ardshir Papakan goes to,
divs, 127i, vi, 245
taught wiiting by the Shapur's bridge at, vi, 321,

divs, i, 127 329
dies, i, 128 sacked by Tair, vi, 330
Firdausi's reflections on, i, Shapur sends spies to, vi, 346
128 Caesar defeated and taken
horn of, iii, 335 prisoner by Shapur at, vi,
Tainush (Chaiogos, Keratoi, 347
Kanir), son of Kaidafa, Niishirwan returns to, viii,
J59 ; vi, 66, 67, 134 seq. 53

Kaidafa warns Sikandar Bahram Chiibina marches
from province of, viii, 106
against, vi, 133
GENERAL INDEX 381
Taisafi'in, Khusrau Panviz im- Talisman, Ca;sar's, J72
prisoned at viii, 421 ix, q ; described, viii, 271, 275
Barbae! visits Khusrau Par- deceives Persian envoys,
wiz at, ix, 29 viii, 272
T4j, viii, 71 mastered by Kharrad, viii,

Tdkdis, Throne of, IJ4, viii, 391 274
account of, viii, 391 Tamaiisk, plant, i, 4 v, 240, ;
added to by J4m4sp, viii, 243, 246, 247, 256

branch of, fatal to Asfandi-
Takht {or TAk)-i-BustAn, place y4r, v, 239 and note
some four miles north- Tammisha (Kus), town in Eastern
Kirmanshah in the
east of JNIazandarAn, formerly a
Persian province of Arde- seat of Faridun's, between
lan and famous for its Sariyah and Astarabad, i,
Sas4nian bas-reliefs, vi, 177, 216, 230
257 ; viii, 192 Tami'iz,viii, 77 note
inscription at, vi,257 Tanais, river, iv, 315 and note

Takht-i-Khusrau. 5eeMada'in. Tarak, river (the Atrak, the
Takht-i-Sulaim4n (Shiz, q.v.), boundary between Gur-
viii, 1 89 gcin and Dahistdn, or the
Talhand, Indian prince, i6g, Turk flowing into the
vii, 394, 396 seq. Jaxartes west of Tdsh-
Story of Gav and, i6g, vii, kand ?), vii, 164, 165, 359
394. seq. Tardz, city now in ruins, north-
mother of. See Gav. east of Tashkand neai the
birth of, vii, 396 present town of Aulich-
tutor of, vii, 397, 398, 401, Ata, i, 257, 266; V, 157 ;
402, 408, 410, 414 vi, 268 viii, 370 ix, 41

; ;
rivalry between Gav and, Cypress of = Rud4ba, i, 269

vii, 397 seq. Idols of, ii, 123, 206; iii,
war between Gav and, vii, 248 iv, 218
; viii, 370 ;
404 seq. Tartary, iv, 156

rejects Gav's offei of accom- Taurus, constellation, iii, 168 ;
modation, vii, 406, 409 iv, 177 vi, 151

; vii, 282 ;
death of, foretold, vii, 408, Tausar, high piiest under Ard-
413. 418 shir Papakan, i, 62
defeated by Gav, vii, 412 letter of, i, 63
accepts Gav's proposal for a Tawdba, Iranian hero, iii, 25
decisive battle, vii, 415 Tawurg, Turanian hero, iv, 188
defeat and death of, vii, sent on an expedition by
416 Afrasiyab, iv, 1S8
Talikan, city and stronghold defeated by Rustam, iv, 193
east of Marv, ii, 228 iv, ; Taxation, i6j, vii, 224
65. 255 Fiidausi's exemption from,
ceded by Piruz to the Hait4- i. 35. 39 ix, 121 ;
lians, vii, 156, 160 reform of, by Kub^d, vii, 183

importance of, vii, 156 note, 215, 225
Talimdn, f 1 dnian hero, i, 2 1 1 ,
2 1
7 Nushirwin, vii, 215, 225
seq.
meets Kai Khusrau in Sughd Taxila, Indian city, vi, 63
vi. 255 situation of, vi, 62
382 GENERAL INDEX
Tazhav, an franian deserter to, TIr, genius, iii, 287, 328
and son-in-law of, Afrasi- month and day, i, 88, viii,
yab, 148 iii, 27, 28
; 394
sends Kabiida to spy out the Tiri,eunuch of Guzihr, vi, 198
Iranian host, iii, 73 Tirmid, city and fortress north
paileys with Giv, iii, 75 of the Oxus (Jihiin) where
defeated, iii, 77 the route from Balkh to
flees with Ispanwi, iii, 77 Samarkand crosses that
pursued by Bizhan, iii, 77 river, ii, 229, 258 ; iv, 65 ;
escapes to Afrasiyab, iii, 78 156, 157, 331

vii,
attacks Bahram, iii, 100 Tirudih, village in the neighbour-
taken prisoner by Giv, iii, hood of Istakhr (Persc-
102 polis), and the birth-place
Temperaments, the four, vii, 38 1 of Ardshir Papakan, vi, 1 98
symboUsed in the game of Tishtar, Sirius, i, 235
nard, 381 vii, Tobit, Book of, iii, 272
Tennyson, quoted, v, 281 Toll-house and ford of Zark, ix,
Tharthai, river in northern 100 and note, 116
Mesopotamia, vi, 322 Tollman, Giv and the, 146 ii, ;
Theodore, brother of Herachus, 390

viii, 194 Gushtasp and the, iv, 324,
TlieodosiopoUs, citj- in Armenia, 332 and note, 334 seq., 344
vii, 187 seq., 351
Theodosius II. (Tainiish, q.v.). Trade-routes, ancient, i, 11, 57
Eastern Roman Em- Traitana, i, 7, 8, 171 seq.
peror (A.D. 401-450), vi, Trajan, Roman Emperor (A.D.
372 vii, 187
; 98-117), vi, 322
Theodosius (Niyatiis, q.v.), viii, siege of Hatra by, vi, 322
189 Translation, the principles adop-
Theophanes, Greek
Chronicler, ted in the present, i, 76 seq.
account days of
of last Translators of the Shahnama,
Khusrau Parwi'z by, ix, 6 list of
previous, i, 87
Thermodon, river on the south- Treasuie, of Jamshid, 164, vii, 36
ern shores of the Euxine, Kai Kh israu, 160, iv, 295 ;
vi, 72 vi, 178

Thornbrake town, the world, i, Sikandar, vi, 1 10 and note
310 Khusrau Parwa'z, viii, 406

Thraetaona, i, 171 seq. ; ii, 81 Tree, the Speaking, 160, vi, 79
Thrita, i, 171 seq. described, vi, 167 seq.
Tiber, river, v, 294 Sikandar visits, vi, 167, seq.
Tibciius XL, Eastern Roman warns Sikandar of his death,
Emperoi, \ii, 212 viii, 42 ; vi, 168, 169

Tigris (Arwand), river, vi, 294 Triad of evil, Zoroastrian, i, 59
322 viii, 193, 194
; ix, ;
and note
67 Tribal, or Part, Kings, the, 160,
small, the, vi, 199 and note vi, 180, 203, 204, 225, 252,
lower, vi, 291 note 253

bridge over, vi, 321 origin of, vi, 179, 181, 210
Tihran, citv, ii, 28 iii, 109 ; ; v, character of their rule vi,
14. '18 197, 198
edition of Shahndma, i.
76 number of, vi, 198
GENERAL INDEX 383
Tribal, or Part Kings, ArdawAn, Tur, etymology of, i, 174
the chief of, vi, 201 naming 187
of, i,
Firilausi on, vi, 210 horoscope i, 188 of,

Tribute, Rum'sto frAa, vi, 24; made ruler over the Turk-
vii,214,215, 248,262,333, mans and Chin, i, 189
338,362; viii, 52, 53 plots with Salm, i, 190
Trita, i, 7, 8, 171 seq. Salm and, demand the abdi-
Tshatrang-Xamak, Pahlavi text, cation of Iraj, i, 191
vii, 3S0, 381 Iraj visits, i, 198

Tughral, a species of falcon,, vii, reception of fraj by, i,
49 198, seq.
described, vii, 48 slay Iraj, i, 201
Bahrdm Gur's, vii, 48 seq. send fraj's head to Fari-
Tukhar, Fariid's counsellor, 14J, diin, i, 202
iii, 43 5^^. hear of Minuchihr, i, 208
tells Farud the blazons of send fen embassy to Fari-
the Iranian chiefs, iii, 44 diin, i, 208
counsels Farud, iii, 47, 52 seq. receive Fan'dun's reply,
Tukhdr, king of Dahistan, iv, 148 i, 213 seq.
commands with Fariburz prepare for war, i. 215
the troops fiom Khdwar, parley of, with Kubad, i, 217
iv, 148 Salm and, worsted by Minu-
slays a scout from Makran, chihr, i, 220
iv, 242 plan a night-surprise, i,
Tukhdr, Iranian chief, viii, 228 220
takes letter to Caesar, viii, worsted, i, 221
263 slain by Minuchihr, i, 221
Tukhar, Iranian general, con- head of, sent to Faridiin, i,
spires against Khusrau 222

Parvviz, viii, 414 Fire-temple at Bukhara
releases Shirwi, viii, 413 built by, iv, 255
refuses to help Piruz against daughter of, iv, 304
Guraz, ix, 48 = Turan, iv, 51, 164
Tukhara, fidnian warrior, viii, chief of = Human, iv, 51
296 prince of = Shida,
164 i\ ,
son 314
of, viii, Tiiran (Turkistan), the legendary
Tumaspa (Tahniasp, q.v.), i, 369 patrimony of Tiir, q.v. and
Tur, second son of Fan'dun and a general name for the
luler of Turin, 140, 141, non-franian regions north
i. 42, 90 seq., 335, 337, of the Oxus (Jihiin), 142,
34^.344. 362 ; ii, 8, 17, 19, 146, 14S. 13J, IS3. 165-
99. 237, 262, 297, 302, 303, i6j ; i, 189, 229, 351, 371,
318, 327, 363, 390; iii, ii, 9, 18, 25, 79, 82, loi.
7. 30. 37. "5. 197. 245, 112 and passim ; iii, 8, 11,
246 iv, II, 34, 66, 69, 70,
; 15, 25, 29 and passim ;
78, 166, 167, 188, 201, 203, iv, 10, 15, 17, 19, 20, and
206, 269, 272, 290 V, 42, ;
passim ; v, 12, 20 seq., 25,
206, 261, 284 vi, 353 ; ;
32, 41. 43. 45. 53. C)i. and
vii, 73 viii, 266, 300, 376
; passim; vi, 43. 182, 398;
note, 378 ix, 103 ; vii, 43, 92, I3<i. 156, 178;
racial significance of, i, 54 viii, 118, 123, 130, 242,
384 GENERAL INDEX
Tiiran — cont. Turk, Turks = Kulun, viii, 343
329. 331. 349, 350. 376, defeated by Yalan-sina, viii,
405, 407 ix, II, 89, 99
; 353
monarch of Chin and=Afra- Turkhan, Turanian hero, v, 151
siyab, ii, 99 sent with troops to recon-
host of, ii, no noitre outside the Brazen
lord of = Mahinud, iv, 142 Hold, v, 151
Turanians (Turkmans), 143, 148, Turkish, ix, 87
149' 1 51-153. 155. 165; Turkistan (Tiiran), I4y, ii, 19 ;
i, 9, 10, 54 ; ii, 11, 81, 265; iii, 109, 228 iv, 233 v, ; ;
iii, 30, 115, 320, 322 iv, ; 55 vi, 179, 278, 280. 397;
;
7, 81. 129, 223, 227; V, vii, 84, 92, 118, 334, 365 ;
13, 20, 116 ; vii, 90 ; viii, viii, 324, 336, 363, 376,
123, 320 377. 407
historical relations of, with Turkman, Turkmans (Tiiian.
the Iranians, i, 16 ians), 148, 153, i, 20, 189,
Turk, Turks, i, 10, 20 ; viii, 95, 263, 343, 352, 357; ii,
103, 121,
136, 138 135, 12, 14, 15, 92, 100 and
seq., 142, 164, 169, 170, passim iii, ; 30, 63, 81, 93,
189. 316, 320, 349, 352 ; and passim ; iv, 10, 13,
ix, 96 seq., 105, 114,
70, 15, 19, 20, 22, 29 and
117, 120 passim ; v, 22, 25, 36, 39,
confused vdth the Haita- 40. 44. 47. 51. 52, 61, 72,
Uans, vii, 4 90 seq., 98 seq., 104 seq.,
historical appearance of, vii, 108, no,
113, 114, 116,
317 135, 152, 157. 158, 171.
Tabari on, vii, 317 173, 206, 254 vii, 48, 88. ;
defeat the Haitahans, vii, 92, 97. 177. 179, 239, 344.
332 364 ; viii, 377 ; ix, 25, 76,
described, vii, 332 94
War of, with Persians, viii, slave-boy of Zal meets the
72 damsels of Rudaba, i, 263
prophesied, viii, 98 seq.
= Sawa, 98viii, make peace with Zav, 371 i,
defeated, viii, 126 army of, surrenders to As-

find Sawa's corpse, viii, 127 fandiyar, v, 72, 113
sorcerer, sends ill dream to monarch of=Arjasp, v, 74
Bahram Chubina, viii, led by Kuhram, storm
121, 128 Balkh, burn the Fire-
put to death, viii, 129 temple, and slay Zar-
heads of chiefs of, sent to duhsht and the priests, v,
Hurmuzd, viii, 130 92, 93
retreat to Tiiran, viii, 131 take Gushtasp's daughters
three, the, viii, 187, 204 captive, v, 93
one of, attacks Khusiau kingdom of, offered by
Parwiz, viii, 220 Asfandiyar to Gurgsar in
reproved by Bahram return for faithful service,
Chubina, viii, 221 V, 120
lead night-attack on Khus- ordered by Arjasp to march
rau Panviz, viii, 227 out from the Brazen Hold
= Makatura, viii, 319 in foice to. attack the in-
GENE UAL 1X1) EX 38:
Turkman, Turkmans —out. Tus, Gustaham and, hear of
vadcrs under Bishiitan, v, Naudar's death, i, 3O4
passed over in the succession
hear the cries o( the frdn- i. 3(J9. 370
ian watch in the Brazen character of, i, 369
Hold, V, 155 appointed captain of the
refused quarter by Asfandi- host, ii, 78
yAr, V, 158 taken prisoner in Hama-
language, vi, 147 varan, ii, 90
defeated by BahrAm Giir, released by Rustam, ii, 97
vii, 90, 91 goes in search of Kai Kdiis,
sue for peace, vii, 91 ii, 104
war of Piriiz with, vii, 164 engaged in the Fight of the
seq. Seven Warriors, ii, 107
inroads of, through the seq.
Caucasus, vii, 238 commanded by Kai Kaiis to
make submission to Nushir- hang Rustam and Giv,
wan, vii, 360 ii. 143
=Turk, viii, 87, 89, 94, encampment of, described,
217 ii, 153
king = Afrisiydb, ix, 25 summons Rustam to fight
Tiis, son of Naudar, franian hero, Suhrdb and helps to
146-149. 154, iy6 i, 90 ; saddle Rakhsh, ii, i6o
353. 370 ii. 33. 35. 38,
;
quarrels with Giv over the
58, 62, 70, 73, 85, 90, 91, future mother of Siya-
127. 138. 142, 148, 177. wush, ii, 194
188, 193, 197, 199, 226, supersedes Siyawush, ii, 246
257. 316, 319. 335. 338, seq.
340. 349, 353 seq., 371, leads the host home, ii, 258
383. 394 ." i". II. 18, 19, intercedes for Surkha, ii,
24, 25, 37 seq., 45 seq., 60, 347
62, 64, 66 seq., 76, 78. 80, worsted in fight by Afrasi-
82 seq., 108, III seq., 132 yab, ii, 353
seq., 136 seq.,145, 149 appointed ruler of ChAch, ii,
seq., 154, 155, 159, 161, 358
163, 166, 167, 169, 170, returns to ivkn, ii, 362
172, 174, 177 seq., 182, dispute of, with Giidarz over
183, 187, 206, 211, 213 Kai Khusrau, ii, 400 seq.
seq., 225, 228, 230, 232, advocates the claims of Farl-
234. 235, 238, 246, 248, burz, ii, 401
253. 254, 255, 257, 259. asks pardon of Khusrau, ii,
268, 273, 277, 289, 294, 410

307, 322, 327, 329 iv, 13, ;
hostility of, to Fariiil, iii, 13,
15. 62, 79, 9T, 157, 180, 51, ^2
191, 224, 226, 227, 242, marches on Kaldt, iii, 40
292, 296, 306 seq. v, ; sends chiefs to attack Farud,
57. 116, 207, 208 ; viii, iii, 47 seq.
1 68 Bahrdm's remonstrance
Gustaham and, sent by Nau- with, 51 iii,
dar to conduct the Iranian hoise of, slain by Farud, iii,
women to Alburz, i, 351
yoL. IX.
386 GENERAL INDEX
Tiis, resolves to attack Kalat, ni, j
Tiis, posted on Khusrau's right,
62 i
iv, 146
remorse of, for the death of takes part in the siege of
Fan'id, iii, 67 Gang-bihisht, iv, 199
builds a charnel for Farud, oidered to prepare for a
Rivniz, and Zarasp, iii, night-attack from Afra-
68 siyab, iv, 224
marches from Kalat, iii, 68 Kai Khusrau remonstrated
defeats Tazhav, iii, 77 with by, and othei nobles,
occupies Giravgard, iii, 78 for refusing audience, iv,
defeated by the Turkmans, 275
iii, 82 Giidarz, and other ^nobles
deprived of his command, take counsel, iv, 277
iii, 83 audience of, with Kai Khus-
Kai Khusrau's wrath with, rau, iv, 283 seq.
iii, 84, III, 112 holds with other chiefs, at
superseded, iii, 86 the bidding of Kai Khus-
returns to Kai Khusrau, iii, rau, an assembly on the
86 plain, iv, 291 seq.
disgraced, iii, 86 Kai Khusrau's gifts to, iv,
imprisoned, iii, 87 295. 300
pardoned, iii, 114 asks for further recognition
challenges Piran to battle, from Kai Khusrau, iv,
iii, 117 299
joins battle with Piran, iii, letains the charge of Kawa's
118, 126 flag and receives Khur-
parleys with Human, iii, 121 asan, iv, 300
piays to be delivered from sets out with Kai Khusrau
the snowstorm, iii, 128 on his pilgiimage, iv,
retreats to Mount Ham4- 306
wan, iii, 132 refuses to turn back when
makes a night-attack upon bidden by Kai Khusrau,
Pi'ran, iii, 139 iv, 307
harangues the host, iii, 141 Kai Ivhusrau farewells and
hears of the approach of suc- warns, and his comrades,
cours, iii, 159 iv, 308
takes counsel with the host, disappears and is sought
iii, 167 in vain by, and his
arrays the host, iii, 169 comrades, iv, 308
chiefs and, take counsel with end of, iv, 309
Rustam, iii, 172 Tiis, city, now in ruins, north of
Rustam's wrath with, iii, Mashad in Khurasan, i,
234 39 ;V, 28 vi, 393 ;ix, ;
collects the spoil, 235 iii, 90, 95

worsted by Piiladwand, iii, birthplace of Firdausi, i, 38,
257 41. 45
leads a host to Khaiazm. iv, governor ol, i, 39
61 piince of, i, 100, 114
son of = Zarasp, iv, 135 legendary origin of, iii, 14
made overseer of the host, legend concerning Fiidausi's
iv, 149 burial at, iii, 191
CESllRAL ISDLX 3S7
1 lis, city, treasure of Kai Kdi'is Urmuzd, the Good Principle, i,
" "
called The IJride stored 5, 50, 116 seq., 236, ii, 82,
295
at. iv, iii, 271, 286, 317, 327 iv, ;
SAm and the dragon of, v, 139. 185 ; v, 15 seq. vi, ;
202 55. 3(>2. 372. 387 vii, ;
local legend of, vi, 372, 391 228, 406 and note ; viii,
seq. 285 ; 24ix,
governor of, ix, 92 Unity symbolised in the

of,
Tuwurg, Turanian hero, ii, 253 game of nard, vii, 381

Tuwurg, brother of Khdn, lyj, day, i, 88 iii, 323
; vi, 302 ;
viii, 364 and note, 306, 375

reports flight of Gurdya, viii, Urmuzd, Ashkanian (Parthian)
351 king, vi, 197, 210
sent in puisuit, viii, 351 Urmuzd, son of Shapur, Shcih
parleys with Gurdya, viii. (Hormisdas 161, 162,
1),
vi. 3, 257, 273, 280, 313.
Twelve Kukhs (Champions), 327
Battle of the. See Rukhs. discovery of, by Ardshir Pa-
Signs (Zodiac), vii, 408 pakan, 257, 271
vi,
Tyre, city, vi, 30 birth of, vi, 271

siege of, vi, 30 counselled by Ardshir Pd-
pakan, vi, 280
Shapur, vi, 299
Reign of, 162, vi, 301 seq.
U Note on, vi, 301
title of, vi.
301
story about, vi, 301
Clad, a div, 143, ii, 28, 59, 6i ; Urmuzd, son of Narsi, Shdh
iv, 296 note ; v, 204 note (Hormisdas II), 162, vi, 3,
Rustam and, ii, 52 seq. 294. 295. 307. 315. 316.
niade king of Mdzandaran, 325 ; 359; viii. 41
vii,
ii, 76 Reign of, vi, 318 seq.
'Umar, Khalifa (A.D. 634-643), Note on, vi, 318
i, II seq., 67 ix, 66 seq., ; sons of, vi, 318
72, 76, 121 inaugural address of, vi, 318
founds Basra, ix, 69 pregnant wife of, enthroned,
sends Hcishim in pursuit of vi, 320
Yazdagird, ix, 68 Urmuzd (Hormisdas), son of
Nu'm4n to fight Yazda- Urmuzd, Persian Prince,
68
gird, ix, vi, 318, 325
Sa'ad to invade frdn, ix, referred to (?), vi, 337
7^ Urmuzd Ardshir (Ahwaz), city in
'Umar Khayyam, Persian poet Khuzistan, vi, 290 and
and scientist (died A.D. note
1 1
23). V, 30 Urmuzd, frdnian warrior, viii. 296
Ummayyads, Muhammadan Uroscopy, vi, loi, 107. loS
ilynasty, i, 12, 13 Urumiah (Khanjast or Chi'jast),
Une, daughter of Alexander the lake in
Azarbaijan, iv,
Great in the Pseudo-Cal- 136 viii, 195
;
listhcnes, vi, 77 Afrasiydb escapes from Hum

Ural Mountains, iii, 192 into, iv, 262 and note
388 GENERAL INDEX
Ustad, fraiiian general, \ii, 251 Vardanes, wars of, with Gotarzes,
commands Nushirwan's iii, 10, II
right wing, vii, 251 assassination of, iii, 10, 11
Ustad, franian warrior, viii, 296 character of, iii, 15
Ustukila, Turanian hero, iv, 182 Varewg-ana, the raven, i, 235, 236
fights with Kai Khusrau, iv, Vedas, i, 129, 144, 171, 234, 337,
182 ii, 8, II, 25
'Utbi, Al, secretary to Sultan Vega, star, vii, 245

Mahmud, i, 32 Vendidad, Nask, vii, 188
'Uthman, Khalifa, 12 i, reference to Mazdak in, vii,
Utterakuri, a legendary people, 188
î, 74 Venus, planet, i, 72, 100, 194,
Uzava (Zav), Shah, i, 369 276, 303, 322, 332, 339 ; ii,
115. 275, 345; iii, 143,
159, 254, 318, 332 V, ;
159; vi, 98, I02, 171, 190,

212, 224, 332 vii, 53, ;
Vale of heroes, vii, 6 151, 263 ; viii, 152, 359,

Valerian (Bazanush), Roman 394. 395 ." ix, 26, 73
Emperor (A.D. 253-260), Verethraghna, the raven, ii, 25
vi, 323 seq. Victory of Victories, The, ix, 69 .
defeat and capture of, by Vidrafsh (Bidirafsh), v, 24, 26

Shapur son of Ardshir, vi, Village-chief, 154
294. 295 Vineyards, taxes on, vii, 215, 225
memorials of, vi, 295 Virgo, constellation, iii, 24 viii, ;
confused with Odenathus, 359 ix, 71

;
Julian, and Jovian, vi, Vishtasp (Vistaspa, Gushtasp,

324 seq. q.v.), V, 24
death of, in captivity, vi, Vistaspa (Vishtasp, Gushtasp,
326 q.v.), iv, 316; V, II
Valkash (Vologeses I), Parthian Vistasp-sast, v, 11
(Ashkanian) king, i, 62, 63 Vitrified fortifications, vi, 79, 165

Vaîdaremaini (Andariman), Vivanghat, i, 129
brother of Arjasp, v, 13 Vohiiman. Vohu Manau.
See
Varahran I (Bahram son of Vohu Manau (Vohiiman, Bah-
Urmuzd), Sasanian king, man), ameshaspenta, iii,
vi, 307 271 ; V, 16, 17

Varahran II (Bahram son of Volga, river of European Russia,
Bahram), Sasanian king, falling into the Caspian,
vi, 310 iv, 316
Varahran III (Bahram Bahrami- Vologeses I (Valkash), Parthian
yan), Sasanian king, vi, (Ashkanian) king (A.D. 51
313. 368 -77), i. 62, 63
Varahran IV (Bahrani son of Vologeses II, Parthian (Ashka-
Shapur), Sasanian king, nian king), i, 19
vi, 313. 368 Vologeses (Balash), king of Kir-
Varahran V (Bahram Gi'ir), man, temp. Ardshfr Papa-
Sasanian king, vii, 3 kdn, vi, 205
Vardancs (Bahram), Parthian Vologeses (Balash), Shah, vii, 170
(Ashkdnian) king, iii, 9 Vonones I, Parthian (Ashkdnian)
seq., 109 king (A.D. 8-12)
GENERAL INDEX 389
Vouru-Kasha, sea, iv, 137 Whale, Sikandar's adventure
\'iitra,deinon, ii, 25 with a, vi, 71, 147
Indra and, vi, 203 Wheeler, James Talboys, quoted,
VulkTs-f-aiulaiuT rtlitioii uf the vi, 81
Shalinania, i, 77 ; vi, Go Whip, Bahrdm Gur's, vii, 47, 54,
63. 64
object of reverence, vii, 47,
\V 54. 63
White Castle (Mount Sipand,
Wahr, region, iii, 177, 228, 235 q.v.), stronghold north-
WakkAs, father of Sa'ad g.v., west of Nishapur, 144, i,
176; ix, 72, 78, 82, 90 369; ii, 118, 131, 138
W4Ud, Khalifa, vi, 325 Malcolm's identification
Walnuts, taxes on, vii, 225 and description of, i,
War of the Religion, v, 19, 26, 29 236 ; V, 30

two campaigns of, v, 29 besieged by Barman, 1,
Warazad, king of SipanjAb, i-f6, 354

ii, 3^1 seq., 346 evacuated by Gazhdaliam
Warigh (Callinicus, KAliniyus, ii. 137
q.v., Nicephorium, Rakka) Div, 143. See Dfv.
cit}, viii, 188, 253, 257, Elephant,/^/. Sê Elephant.
280 Huns (HaitaHans, q.v.), 1, 20
Khusrau Parwiz takes up his Will, of Alexander the Great, vi,
abode 257
at, viii, 81
Warriors, the Seven, Story of the provisions of, vi, 81, iSi
Fight of, 143. ii, 25, 82, Kubad, son of Piriiz, vii, 210
107 seq. Wine-drinking, forbidden by
Warstead = Bidad, iii, 245 Bahrani Gur, 23 vii,
Wash, city, viii, 24 and note again permitted, vii, 25
Water, scarcity of, i, 3 Firdausi's love of. See Fir-
— courses, underground, i, 3 dausf.
— horse, 163, vi, 373, 392 Wisa, Turanian hero, uncle of
referred to, vi, 373 Afrasiyab, 142, i, 92, 337,
legend of Yazdagird and 342, 353. 361, 362 ii, 112 ;
the, vi, 392

— stealing demons, i, 7, 338
354 ; iii.
197, 202, 206

79, 102, 105, 121,
; iv, 32, 39,
of Life, 160, v, 30 vi, 159, ; 50, 54. 55. 74. 84, 95. 99.
160 103, 113, 115, 122
Wazir (minister), piece in chess, pursues Karan, i, 355
vii,385, 423 finds Barman dead, i, 356
position of, vii, 388, 422 defeated by Karan, i, 357
move of, vii, 422 returns to Afra.siyab, i, 357
West, Dr. E. W., referred to, v, sayings of, iv, 32
II Wisagird, city in Turin, ijT, iv,
West, the, Salm's portion of the 19. 20, 65 vii. 157, 331.
;
world, i, 189 Wisdom, praise of, vii, 103

gateway of, viii, 369 and Firdausi's, I3g
note
Western sea, the, 160, vi, 138 —referred to, vii,
literature, Persian, vii,
278
278
Whale, mistaken for an island, seq., vni, 3
vi, 71, 147 iMolil on, vii, 280
390 GENERAL INDEX
Wisdom, literature, Noldekc on, Yalan-sina (Mardanshali), bro-
vii, 2S1 ther of Bahram Chubina,
apportionment of, viii, 202 viii, 74, 102, 122, 135, 138,
Witch, 143, 156. See Sorceress. 157, 163, 169, 204, 288,
Wizard-land, vii, 120 and note 291, 296 seq., 303, 316,
Wolf, 154, 156, 165, vii, 121 seq. 356, 337 ; ix, 6
and note goes hunting with Bahram
slain by Bahram Giir, vii, Chubina, viii, 156
123 pursues and brings back
of Faskiin. See Faskiin. archscribe viii, 159
Women, City of, 160 See Hariim. speech of, viii, 165, 170
Wonders, 160, iv, 245 worsted by Khusrau Parwiz,
the Four, of Kaid, i^g. See viii, 229
Kaid. commands the centre, .-iii,
World, on the making of the, ijg 289

Worm, the, 161, vi, 195, 206, 238 Bahram Chubina makes, his
seq. mandatory, viii,342
Story 161, -vi, 196, 203
of, defeats the Turks, viii,
seq.,232 seq. 353

Mohl, Noldeke, and Dar- negotiates marriage between
mesteter on, vi, 203 seq. Gurdya and Gustaham,
cult 235
of, vi, viii, 357
Ardshir Papakan's strata- Yama. See Yima.
gem against, vi, 242 Yaman (Hamavaran), south-
servants of, vi, 242 seq. western Arabia, 140, 160,
Writing, art of, taught by the 162, i, 181 seq., 266, 286;
divs to Tahmuras, i, 127 ii, 80 iv, 146
; v, 260 ; ;
vi, 73, 120, 121, 324, 331,

385. 386, 396, 401 ; vii,
X 262 ; viii, 98
king of = Sarv, 140, i, 178,
Xerxes, Persian king (B.C. 485- 179, 182
465). v, 282 Yaman, carnclians of, ii, 123 ; iii,
Asfandiyar and, v, 282 289

effigy of, falls, vi, 30 Canopus of, ii, 203 ; iii, 297 ;
vi, 382
onyx of, vi, 128
striped stuff of, vi, 175
monarch of, vi, 175 ; viii,
YAjxij and MAjiij (Gog and 16
Magog, q.v.), 160, vi, 79, gives gifts to Sikandar,
163 seq., 211 note î.175
legend of, in the Kuran, vi, = Munzir, vi, 378, 387,
78 _
390
Tabari on, vi, 78 Bahram Gur goes to, vi, 378,
described, vi, 163 390
Ya'kub bin Lais, Persian chieftain conquered by Persians, viii,
and founder of the Saffari 24 note
dynasty, i, 67, 68 curtains of, viii, 148, 151
Ya'kubi, Arabic historian (died Yanus (Julian), brother of Ca?sar,
A.D. 891) 162, vi, 324, 326
GENERAL IXDEX 391
Ydnus, Icatls a host against SliA- Yazdagird, consults the astrolo-
piir, vi, 351 gers, vi, 390
(kfoatcd, vi, 352 death of foretold, vi, 301
Vaslit XXII, nu'trical para- attacked by bleeding of the
j)lirasi' 318
of, vii, nose, vi, 390
Yatkar-i-Zariran, Pahlavi text, death of, vi, 373, 393
V, 13, 24, 27 and nole vii, ; Noldeke on, vi, 373
380' corpse of embalmed and
compared with Daki'ki's taken to Pars, vi, 393
work, V 24 scq. Yazdagird, son of Bahrdm Giir
resembles KArnimak, vi, (Isdigerd II), Shdh, 166,
195, 196 vi, 3 ; vii, 4, 152, 136, 160,
Yazates (Izads), the, iii, 286 187
Yazd, city in central Persia, vi, welcomes his father on his
return from Hind, vii,
Yazdagird, son of Shapiir, Shah 137
(Isdigerd I), 163, 164. vi, apjjointed by Bahram Giir
3 vii, 4, 10,
; log, 119, to succeed him, vii, 150
171. 185. 359 Reign of, 166, vii, 153 seq.
referred to, vi, 369 vii, ; Note on, vii, 153
74 a blank in Shahnama, vii,
Reign i6j, vi, 371 seq.
of, 153
Note on, vi, 371 5^^. historicallj important, vii,
parentage of, uncertain, vi, 153
371 wars of, vii, 153
lover of peace like Aknaton fortifies passes in the Cau-
of Egypt, vi, 371 casus, vii, 153, 1
87
titles of, vi, 371, 372 title of, vii, 153
Tabari on, 372, 373
vi, sons of, vii, 153
coins of,373 vi, appoints Hurmuz to suc-
evil administration of, vi, ceed him, vii, 155
374. 404 dies, vii, 155
makes search for a governor Yazdagird (Isdigerd III), Shdh,
for his son Bahram Gur, 176, V, 294 ; vi, 3 ; viii,
vi, 376 seq. 55, 73 ; ix, 5. 61, 64 seq.,
Nu'man and Munzir visit, 68 seq., 72, 81, 90, loi,
^'i. 377 105, 106, 113, 115, 116,122
puts Bahrim Giir in Mun- Reign and Era of, 176, ix,
zir's charge, vi, 378 64
receives from Munzir a pic- Note on, ix, 64
ture of Bahrdm Giir shoot- taken for safety to Istakhr,
ing, vi, 385 ix, 64
Bahram Giir returns to, vi, age of, at accession, ix, 65
386 difficult position of, ix,
65
gives presents to, and sends Yazdagird, historical importance
a letter by, Nu'mdn to of reign of, ix, 65
Munzir, vi, 387 flight of, from Ctesiphon, ix,
disgraces Bahram Giir, \i, ^7
389 Ihilwan, ix, 68
sends JJahram Gur back to last attempt of, to recover
Mun_ir, vi, 390 his empire, ix, 68
392 GENERAL INDEX
Yazdagird, concentrates his Youths, two, bid Ardshir Papa-
atNahavand, ix, 68
forces kin not to tarry in his
defeated and a fugitive, ix, flight from Ardawan, vi,
6f) 201, 222
death of, referred to, ix, 69 Youths, two', entertain and coun-
host returns to, after Kadi- sel Ardshir Papakan in
siya, ix, 85 the matter of the Worm,
hears of Rustam's death, ix, vi, 207, 239 seq.
85 help Ardshir Papakan to
quits Baghdad, ix, 88 slay the Worm, vi, 242,
makes for Marv, ix, 8g 244
entrusted to Mahwi by Yudhishthira, eldest of the five
Farrukhzad, ix, 95, 96 Pandavas, iv, 138
at Marv, ix, 97, 116 renunciation of the world,
hears of tlie coming of the and ])ilgrimagc to heaven
Turks, ix, 97 compared with that of
of,
betrayed by Mahwi, ix, 98 Kai Khnsrau, iv, 138
defeated, ix, 98, 116 Yunan, vi, 95 and note, viii, 258
miller and, ix, 99 seq. Faith of, vi, 95
described, ix, 99, loi
Mah\vi bids miller slay, ix,
107, 116 Z
slain, stripped and flung into
stream, ix, 108, 109 and Zab, lesser, tributary of Tigris,
note viii, 189
corpse of, recovered, la- Zabul, ZabuIistan=Nimruz =
mented over and en- Sistan,
^
141, 142, 144,
tombed, ix, 109 seq. 156 ; 248, 252, 254,
i, 264,
Firdausi on, ix, iii 282, 324, 332, 357, 361,
Yazdagird, chief scribe, temp. 364, 366, 367, 371, 375,
Nushirwan, vii, 304, 307, 381 ; ii, 21, 28, 42, 61,
312, 333, 337, 339, 39 + 83, 92, 126, 138, 141, 142,
discourse of, vii, 305 156, 168, 227, 228, 245,
questions Biizurjmihr, vii, 260, 338, 362, 363, iii, ;
308 14, 134, 141, 145, 153, 165,

Yazdan, viii, 75 171, 174, 175, 186, 190,
Yazdanbakhsh (Ayin Gashasp 199, 200, 202, 206 seq., 217
q.v.), viii, 75, 76 246, 250, 269, 274, 321,
Yazdin, viii, 195, 196 326, 342, 347, 354, 356 ;
Year, New, festival at, i, 104 279,283,296, 311;

iv, 147,
Yima (Yama, Jamshid), i, 7, V, 85, 86, 167, 169 seq.,
130, 374 173, ^75 seq., 181 seq.,
legend of, i, 129 193. 194. 212, 215, 219,
Yokel, a, 164 223, 224, 235. 248, 251,
entertains Bahrdm Gur, vii, 252, 255, 256, 258, 265,
43 seq. 266, 273, 275 seq., 281,
wife of, her converse with 283, 285 seq. ; vi, 207 ;
Bahram Gur, vii, 45 vii, 173, 174, 193; viii,
presage of, vii, 46 369 ix, 75

;
rewarded by Bahram Giir, invaded by Shamasas and

vii, 48 Khazarwan, i, 345, 358
•
'
Not the same apparently as those above. See p, 333 note.
GENERAL IXDEX 303
ZAbul, vintage of, ii, no Zahhdk, becomes king of the

occupied by tlic Turk mans, Arabs, i, 137
i, 19 ; iii, 14, 30 serpents grow out of tiie
C"iusht<is|> goes to, v, 85 shoulders <jf, i, I3<j

Moon of=Kudaba, v, 190 Iblis' advice to, i, 139
and note invades frAn, i, 139
" "
called Babblcstead b> captures and slays Jamshid,
Asfandiyar, v, 216 i, 140
Bahman's sojourn in, v, 252, Reign of, 140, i, 141, seq.
256 Note on, i, 141, seq.
pillaged by Bahman, v, 287 not destroyed, i, 143
Bahman quits, v, 290 feast in celebration of over-
Zabuli, a native of Zabul, iii, throw of, i, 143
188,201,257,326; 212 V, dream of, i, 147
a, made king of Kabul, v, Arnawaz' advice to, con-
277 cerning, i, 148
Zad Farrukh, suggests Bahrain takes counsel with the archi-
Chiibina to Hurmuzd, magcs, i, 149
viii, 99 warned by Zirak, i, 149
speech of, viii, 241 seeks for Faridiin, i, 150
Zadsham, king of and Tiiran slays Abtin,i, 151, 153
grandfather of Afrasiy4b,i, iiirmaya, i, 152

92, 342 seq.. 376 iv, 149, ; burns Fandiin's palace, i,
163. 166, 203 152, 158

ofifspring of =Afrasiyab, iv, K4wa and. Story of, 140, i,
178 154 seq.

Zagros, mountain-range in wes- K4wa revolts against, i, 156
tern fran, viii, 189 Faridiin resolves to war
Zahhak (Azhi Dahaka), son of with, i, 157
Mardis, Arab king and marches against, i, 159
Shah, 140, 141 i, 42, 90, ; capital of, i, 161
91 ii.
; 33, 81, 318 iii, ;
entered by Faridiin, i, 161
257 iv. 89, 206, 272, 274,
;
talisman of, overthrown by
290 V. 12, 180, 203, 204,
; Faridiin, i, i6i
284 vi, 15, 45, 172, 209,
; sought for in vain by Fari-
240 and note vii, 185, ; diin, i, 162
199; viii, 218, 239, 241, minister of, 140, i, 164 seq.
391
387. i-^. -5. 65,
;
hears from Kundrav of Fari-
'
103 diin's doings, i, 165
protagonist of idolatry and goes to fight with Faridiin,

of the Semitic race, i, 54, i, 166
143, 226, 256 enters his palace, i, 167

one of the Zoroastrian triad overthrown by Faridiin, i,
of evil, i, 59 and note 168

referred to by Moses of Cho- Sunish's counsel to Faridiin
rene, i, 72, 144 concerning, i, 1O8, 169
Story of, 140, i, 135 seq. fettered to Mount Damd-
tempted by Iblis, i, 136 seq. wand, 1O9 i,
father of, 140 future final destruction of,

murdered by, i, 137 173
J.
referred to, viii, 387 saying of, ii, 171 and note
394 GENERAL INDEX
Zahhak, an Aryan myth, ix, 65 Zal, horoscope of, taken, i, 251
king of Babylon, ix, 65 made regent of Zabul by
an Arab, ix, 65 Sam, i, 253
Zahi'r, Iranian hero, iv, 14.S progress of, in the arts, i, 255
commands the Bedouins in makes a progress through
Kai Khusrau's army, iv, his realm, i, 256
148 Riidaba and, story of, i, 257
Zainig'u, Zaini'gav, ii, 81 seq.
Zairi-vairi (Zariadres, Zarir, q.v.), referred to, iii, 285
iv, 316 V, 12 ; hears of, and falls in love
Zal (Dastan, Dastan-i-Sam, Das- with Mihrab's daughter,
tan-i-Zand, Zal-i-zai), son i, 257 seq.
of Sam and father of described, i, 260, 268
Rustam, 141, 142, 15J, sees Riidaba's handmaids,
154. 156, 157 ; h 145. -235, i, 263
384, 387 ii, ; 4, II seq., interview of, with Riidaba's

18, 19, 21, 33 seq., 49, 58, handmaids, i, 266
61, 62, 69, 77, 140, 168, invited to visit Riidaba, i,
169, 180, 182, 227, 228, 267, 269
271, 286, 290, 318, 319, goes to Riidaba, i 270 seq. ,
338, 362, 371 ; iii, 8, 17, plights his troth to Riidaba,

18, 21, 22, 35, 121, 132, i, 272
138, 141, 147, 190, 202, consults the archimages on
221, 245, 269, 274, 279, the matter of Riidaba, i,
283, 307, 321, 322, 325, 273
328, 331, 347. 351. 354. writes to Sam, i, 275
355 ; iv, 13. 147.222,251, go-between of, with Riidaba,
277. 319 V, II, 14, 15.
; i, 280
58, 86, 169, 173 seq., 197, sends Sam's letter to Rii-
200, 204, 210, 212, 219 daba, i, 280
seq., 231, 240 seq., 246, goes to plead his cause with
255, 256, 261, 277 seq., Sam, i, 292
281, 283, 290; vi, 79; bears a letter of appeal from
viii, 223 ; ix, 25 Sam to Miniichihr, i, 295
vaiious names of, i, 84, 245 well received by Minii-
and note, 248 and note chihr i, 306
born with white hair, i, astrologer's presage con-
240 cerning, i, 307
cast away by Sam, i, 241 questioned by the arch-
found and brought up by images, i, 308
the Simurgh, i, 242 answers the archimages, i,
seen by a caravan, i, 309
242 displays his accomplishment
informed of his parentage by before Miniichihr, i, 311
the Simurgh, i, 245 returns to Sam, i, 316
given a feather by the goes with Sam to Kabul, i,
Simurgh, i, 246 317
restored to Sam by the felicitatedby Sam, i, 318
Simurgh, i, 247 married to Riidaba, i, 318
goes with Sam to court, i, and Riidaba go to Sistin, i,
249 319
GENERAL IXDI-X 305
Zal, left regent of Sistdn by S4m' Zal, witnesses Kai Khusrau 's
i. 3>y oath to avenge Siydwush,
siiiuiuoiis Si'murgh to
tlic iii, 22
succour Kiulaba, i, 320 son of = Rustam, iii, 132
goes with Rustam and Mih- meets Giv, iii, ^^ i
rdb to meet Sam, i, 324 sayings of, iii, 316, 351
bids Rustam take Mount sumnjoned by the franians
SijKind, i, 329 to remonstrate with Kai
hears of Rustam's success, Khusrau, iv, 278
i. 33^ sets out for fran with Rus-
bids Rustam destroy the tam and sages, iv, 279
hold of Mount Sipand, i, met on arrival by Gudarz
333 and other chiefs, iv, 282
informs Sam of Rustam's holds converse with the
exploit, 334 i, Iranians, iv, 282
buries Sam, i, 358 audience of, with Kai Khus-
hears from Mihrdb that rau, iv, 283 seq.
Shamasas and Khazar- asks pardon of Kai Khus-
wan are invading Zabu- rau, 290
iv,
listan, i, 359 holds, with other chiefs, at
goes to the help of Mihrdb, the bidding of Kai Khus-
i. 359 rau, an assembly on the
shoots arrows into the ene- plain, iv, 291 seq.
mies' camp, i, 359 Kai Khusrau's gift to, iv,
slays Khazarwan, i, 360 -295
wounds Kulbad, i, 361 companions of, rewarded by
puts Shamasas to flight, i, Kai Khusrau, i^', 297
361 returns thanks, iv, 298
hears of the death of protests against Luhrasp's
Naudar, i, 364 succession, iv, 301
fights with Afrasiyab, i, acknowledges Luhrasp as
368 Shah, iv, 302
proposes the election of a sets out with Kai Khusrau
new Shah, i, 370 on his pilgrimage, iv,
reproached by the frin- 306
ians, i, 375 turns back at the bidding of
reply of, i, 375 Kai Khusrau, iv, 307
bids Rustam prepare for laments the loss of the pala-
war, i, 376 dins and returns to Iran,
gives Sam's mace to Rus- iv. 310
tam, i, 378 promises fealty to Luhrisp,
collects horses for Rustam, iv,311
i. 37« Rustam and, welcome Gush-
marches against AfrAsiydb, tasp to Sistan, v, 85
i, 3«i hears of Bahman's ap-
urges the frcinians to choose proach, V, 182
a Shah, i, 381 interview of, with Bahman,
sends Rustam to summon V, 1S3
Kai Kubid. i. 382 give Bahman a guide to
goes to do homage to Kai conduct him to Rustam,
Khusrau, iii, 1 7 V, 184
396 GENERAL INDEX
Zal, Riklaba and, l)i(l(len by Zand, comment, i, 65
Rustam to
prepare to Zandavasta, i, 116, 129, 144, 171
receive Asfandiyar, v, 190 seq.. 234, 337, 338, 369;
Rustam recounts his inter- ii, 8, 25 seq., 81, 118, 189,
view with Asfandiyar to, 190 iii, 8 iv, 151, 228,

; ;
V, 196 253, 259, 308 V, II seq., ;
Rustam and, vilified by 30, 36, 41, 43, 51, 82, 85,
Asfandiyar, v, 201 100, 173, 176, 216, 241,
receives a message from 294. 299. 309 vi, 17. 55, ;
Rustam by Zawara, v, 226, 252, 343, 356 vii, ;
230 200, 207, 283, 302 ; viii,

grieves over Rustam 's 96, 246, 283, 312
wounds, V, 234 traditional origin of, i, 61
summons the Simurgh to discussed, i, 62
Rustam's aid, v, 235 language of, i, 63 seq.
goes to Rustam and Asfan- meaning of, i, 65
diyar, V, 247 origin of chief characters in,
forebodes Rustam's future, i, 65
V, 247 diffusion of traditions in, i,
father of Shaghad, v, 260,

263 extant portions of, i, 70
sends Shaghad to be brought note
np at Kabul, v, 264 quoted, i, 99, 130, 141, 142,
laments for Rustam, v, 273 17-i. 235, 369; viii, 218,

sends Faramarz against 240
Kabul, V, 274 sent by Gushtasp to every
bids Riidaba to cease to clime, V, 77
mourn for Rustam, v, burnt by the Turkmans at
278 Balkh, V, 92
receives and replies to Bah- passage from, metrically
man's hostile message, v, paraphrased, vii, 318
285 Zanga. Iranian hero, 145, 151,
goes to meet Bahman, v, ii. 73. 90. 228, 249, 271,
286 31S ; iii,20, 34, 43. 45,
palaceof, sacked, v, 286 48, 67, 92, 115, 350 iv, ;
Bishutan intercedes for, v, 13. 15. 24, 105, 147

288 takes part in the Fight of
released and returns to his the Seven Warriors, ii,
palace, v, 289 107 seq.

Zal-i-zar (Zal, q.v.), i, 84, 248 and accompanies S i
y a wu s h
note against Afrasiyab, ii,
Zam (now Karkhi), town on the 226

left bank of the Oxus sent on an embassy to Afra-
beween Amwi (Charjui) siyab, ii, 250 seq.
and Tirmid, where, there goes with Rustam to rescue
was a crossing-place, ii, Bizhan, iii, 334
394. 395 ; iv, 65. i57 ; vii, opposes Farsliidward, iv,
359 83
= Oxus, ii, 97 chosen to fight Akhast, iv,
Zamyad, Yasht, i, 338 97

Zamzam, iv, 258 note slays Akhdst, iv, 106
GENERAL INDEX 397
Zanga, Kai Klmsrau remon- Zurduhsht, account of, i, 02
with
stratod by, and meaning of, v, 13
other nobles, lor refusing legend of, v, 14 seq.
audience, iv, 275 converts Gushtasp, v, 18,
Zangula or Zangula, Tiirdnian 33
hero, 151, iv, 26 success of evangel of, v, 34
chosen to fight with Furii- plants the Cypress of Kish-
hil, iv, 97 mar,, v, 27, 34
slain by Furiihil, iv, 101 advises Gushtasp not to jjay
Zarang, former capital of Sistcin, tribute to Arjdsp, v, 35
situated some twenty referred to, v, 36, 38, 41
miles from the north- slain at Balkh, v, 92, 93
eastern shores of Lake amulet given to Asfandiy^r
Zirih,
i, 4 by, v, 130
Zarar, 200
vi, religion of, under the Sds4-
Zarasp, son of Miniichihr, i, 248 ; nian empire, vi, 251
iv, 147 (?)• girdle of, v, 16 vi, 332 riole.
;
kindred of ', go to the Fire-fane of, vii, 139

temple of Azargashasp, high priest of, converts
iv, 270 Sapimid, vii, 139
go to meet Zk\ and Rus- saying of, viii, 218, 240
tam, iv, 2S2 Zarduhsht, high priest, 170, viii,
go with Zarir to Rum, iv, 81
360 visits fzid Gashasp in prison,
Zarasp or Zarasp, son of Tiis, 14^, viii, 82
24, 54, 57, 59, 60, 67,
iii, visit of, reported to Hur-
113, 114
72, iv, 135 ; muzd, S3
viii,
goes against Fariid, iii, 53 poisoned by Hurmuzd, viii,

referred to, iii, 55; iv, 149 83 seq.
burial of, iii, 68 Zariadres (Zairi-vairi, Zarir, q.v.),
Zarzisp, treasurer of Kai Khus- v, 26
rau, iv, 269 legend of, iv, 314 seq.
makes gifts to Azargashasp, Zarir (Zariadres, Zairi-vairi),
iv, 269 brother of Shah Gushtdsp,
Zarasp, franian hero, iv, 180, 301 ^54, 155. i. 42 ii, 3 iv,
; ; ;
Zarathustra, Zarathushtra. See 315. 316, 318, 347; v, 12,

Zarduhsht. 13, 24 seq., 37, 41 seq., 49
Zarduhsht (Zarathushtra, Zoro- seq.,60 seq., 73, 94, 109,
aster), prophet, law-giver, 169, 181, 193, 254, 261
and evangelist of ancient sent by Luhrasp in pursuit
frdn, 755, i, 53, 116, 235, of Gushtasp, iv, 320
236 ; ii, 8, 9 ; iv, 272 ; charger of, iv, 321
v, 9 seq., 23 seq., 27, 28, returns with Gushtasp, iv,
42, 51, 77, 173, 206, 216,. 322
217, 241, 255 ; vi, 55.252, consulted by Luhrasp, iv,
328; 207,264,318;
\ii, 9, 323. 35S
viii, 67, 213, 308 advises Luhrdsp, iv, 358
Zandavasta revealed to, i, 61 goes with other chiefs on a
title of a line of priest- mission to Rum, iv, 359
princes, i, 61 •
reaches Halab, iv, 360
'!(!> not clear whiich Zarasp is inttndcd,
398 GENERAL INDEX
Zarir entrusts the host to Zav, accession of, i, 370
Bahram, iv, 360 drought and famine in tlie
goes to Caesar's court, iv, 360 time of, i, 371
audience with Caesar of, and concludes peace with the
recognition of Gushtasp Turkmans, i, 371
by, iv, 360 dies, i, 372
gives Luhrasp's answer to Zawara, brother of Rustam, 146,
Caesar, iv, 361 157. ii. 4.347, 96, 228,
visited in his camp by Gush- 349 ; iii, 325,30, 202,
tasp, iv, 361 328 iv, 24, 34
; v, 173, ;
informs Gushtasp of Luh- 174, 182 seq., 187, 191,

rasp's abdication in his 231, 260, 261
favour, iv, 362 engaged in the Fight of the
Love-story of, v, 26, 27 Seven Warriors, ii, no
Death-story of v, 26, 27 seq.
converted by Zarduhsht, v, worsted by Alkiis, ii, 115
33 rescued by Rustam, ii, 115
answers, in conjunction with made leader of Rustam 's
Asfandiyar and Jamasp, host, ii, 142
Arjasp's letter, v, 42 left in charge of Rustam's
death of, foretold by Jam- host, ii, 161
asp, V, 51 goes on embassy to Human,
receives the standard and ii, 176
the command of the cen- safe-conducts Hunicin from
tre from Gushtasp, v, 55 fran, ii, 176, 181, 182
prowess of, v, 61 seq. incites Rustam to avenge
slain by Bidirafsh, v, 63 Siyawush, ii, 360
Zarir-nama, v, 26, 27 given a command, iv, 149
Zark, town south-east of Marv, goes with Rustam to the
ix, 98 right wing, iv, 180
canal of, ix, 98 referred to, v, 186, 228,
corpse of Yazdagird flung 261
into, ix, 109 Faramarz and, sent by Rus-
recovered from, ix, 109 tam to bid Zal and
ford and toll-house of, ix, Riidaba prepare to re-
100 and note ceive Asfandiyar, v, igo
chief of, ix, 100 brings Rustam's armour, v,
hears from miller about 218
Yazdagird, ix, 109 put in charge of the troops,
Zarmihr. See Kizmihr. V, 222
Zarniish, city in Khiizistan, vi, 35 goes with Rustam to the
Zartusht Bahram Pazdhii, Hirmund, v, 222
author of the Zartusht- Rustam's instructions to, v,
nama, v, 18 222
o
Zartusht-nama, poem, v, 18 provokes the Iranians 1
Zav, Shah, 142, 143, i, go, 91, combat, v, 225

381 ii, II, 36
; ; iv, 283 slays Niish Azar, v, 227
Reign of, 142, i, 369 scq. goes in quest of Rustam, v,
Note on, i, 369 230
mentioned in the Zanda- takes from Rustam a mess-
vasta, i, 369 age for Zdl, V, 230
GEN ERA 1. ISDHX 399
Zawara, grifvcs over Rustani's Zoroastrian, cosmogony, i, 5
wounds, V, 234 view of Buddhism as idola-
goes to Rustain and Asfan- trous, i, 16
diyar, v, 2.\-j conception of destiny, i, 52
warns Riistam against Bah- propaganda, i, 58 scq.
nian, v, 230 triad of evil, i, 59 and note
Rustam and, with small scriptures. See Zandavasta.
escort, goto Kahtil, v, 268 calendar, i, 88
goes hunting with Rustam, adopted by Darius Hys-
V, 270 taspis, i, 59
falls a victim to treachery, Zoroastrianism, i, 49 ; vi, 15, 196,
V, 270, 273 251. 252, 327, 328 ; vii,
death of, V, 273 188, 317
body of, taken from the pit conceptions of, i, 5, 51. 5.2
by Faramarz, and buried original seat of, i, 56 seq.,
V, 275 62
Zend, language, i, 64 becomes tlie state religion,
improper use of term, i, 64 i. 59
Zeus, Babylonian, vi, 22 declines after Alexander's
oracle of, consulted, vi, 22 conquest, i, 60
Zhanda Razm, maternal uncle of scriptures of. See Zanda-
Suhrab, 144, ii, 149, 151 vasta.
accompanies Suhrab to Iran, under the Parthians, i, 60,
ii, 150 63
death of, ii, 150 revivalof, i, 63
referred to, ii, 160 based on nature-worship, i,
Zhangwi, Turkman noble, viii, 116

331 existed before Zoroaster, i,
Zib-i-Khusrau (Riimiya, qv.), 116

city, i6y, vii, 259 under the Sisanian empire,
Zijanak, daughter of Ardawan, vi, 251
q.v., 161, vi, 255
millenia of, vi, 252
Story of, in Karnamak, vi, Zii'l Aktaf, title of Shdpi'ir, son
255 Urmuzd, 162, vi, 323
of
Tabari, vi, 255 meaning of, vi, 323
Shdhnama, vi, 259 seq. Zu'lfakar, ii, 337 and note
Zinfgav, ii, 81 Zu'1-karnain (Sikandar, Alex-
Zira, father of Gurwi, 152, ii, 295, ander the Great), vi, 51
314 ; iii, 120, 197, 199 iv. ; legend of, in Kur^n, vi, 78,
97. W, 127, 219 V, 272 ; 84
Zirak, an archimage, i, 150 barrier of, vi, 78
warns Zahhak, i, 149 site of, vi, 79
Zirih, sea or lake, i, 4 ; ii, 80 ; iv, Ziir. See Giir.
130 Ziiran, NiishirwAn's chamber-
the Lake of Sistan, i, iv ii, ; lain, 16S
80 enviesMahbud, vii, 319
Zirih, son of Shah I'iriiz, vii, 170 plotswith a Jew against
Zodiac, viii, 394 Mahbud, vii, 320 seq.
Zoroaster. See Zarduhsht. makes confession to Niishir-
Zoroastrian, Zoroastrians, v, 17; w4n. vii, 324
vi, 206, 251, 328
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vol.. IX.

THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSI.

DONE INTO ENGLISH BY

ARTHUR GEORGE WARNER, MA.

The homes that are the diceUincjs of to-day

PIMNTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY THE DEVONSHIRE PRESS, TORQUAY

CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS

Page 195, Col. 2, line 11, delete first comma.

Page 363, Col. I, line 25 end, insert comma.

THE SASANIAN dynasty (concluded)

KuBAD (Commonly Called Shirwi) —

Khusrau Parwiz answered Shirwi . .

demanded from Shirwi the Death

Shirwi asked Shirin in Marriage, how Shirin

killed herself, and how Shirwi was slain .

Ardsiii'r, Son of Shirwi —

Life ended ......

Sa'ad, Son of Wakkas, invaded Iran, how

Yazdagird sent Rustam to oppose him, and

Yazdagird wro^e to Mahwi of Siir .

How Yazdagird was slain by Khusrau, the Miller

General List of Abbreviations

BCM. The Chahar Maqala (" Four Discourses ") of Nidhami-i-

Mirkhond. . . . Translated ... by E. Rehatsek.

THE SASlNIAN DYNASTY

KUBAD (COMMONLY CALLED SHIRWI)

replies thereto. Versions of them are given in both the

3. The keeping of the troops for a long period absent

2. The exactions of arrears of tribute for the previous

twenty or thirty years.

»NT, p. 379. ZT, ii., 330. "See Vol. viii., p. 196.

on letters written by ireniclius. After the capture of

Klnisrau Parwi'z by the (H)n.s])irators, he was bound and

marry Shirin it must have been for political motives and

392 and note.

Hon) Shirivi ascended the Throne, announced his Will,

Now when Shirwi sat on the goodly throne,

Securely on the throne of ivory.

And happy. Never will we practise ill.

The world will we keep peaceful and cut off

To God and turn to custom and the way.

My conduct. Then will I devote myself

Whose memories are charged with ancient lore."

He asked the assembly Whom shall :

The warriors all surroested by their looks

Kiibad pereeived whom the Iranians

The other was Kharrad, son of Barzin,

Ye chiefs experienced and veteran !

Deem not the conduct of the world too toilsome,

Perchance through you he may conform himself.

Say : 'Twas no fault of ours nor did the Iranians

Reflect on thy foul deeds. As for myself,

say so to these chieftains of Iran

Who may abate the woes that thou hast brought

Tlio palace of Mai'usi|)aM(l lor there

111 lielin and breastplate, all the Arab steeds

Wore and all his soldiers were drawn up,

Hath donned Kaian crown. Iran,

Why this cuirass and helm and massive mace ?

Thou art concerned about my tender frame C. 2029

That I shall sprinkle jewels over thee.

Commissi )ncd me to bear Khusrau Parwiz

Or niffht an audience of Khusrau Parwiz