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Centre of Mass,
Linear Momentum Collision
9.1. m1 =1k9, m2 =2kg, mg =3kg 16x 0 + 1x (- 0.96x 10-10 sin 52')
x1 -0 x2 =7 x3 =1 + 1 x 0.96 10-10 sin 52o
2 " =0
1+1+16
mtlt+m2l 2+mgl3
Jcm-
m1+m2+mg
16x 0 + 2x O.96, 10-10 cos 52o
1+1+16
2x 0.96r, 10-10 cos 52o
= 6.4x 10-12 m
18
lt =o lz =o y3
The position of centre of mass is
n r, _ (m1x1 + m2x2 + m3x3)
m1 +m2 +mg '
_(mtyt+mzyz+msys)
m1+m2+mg
9.3. Let '0' (0, 0) be the origin of the system
( (1x0)+(2x1)+(3x1l2) Each brick is of mass 'M and.length 'L'
=[.
7+2+3 ' Each brick is displaced with respect to one in contact
(1x0) +(2x0)+3x(J3/2) .L
,, -10
bv-
l+2+3
The X coordinate of the centre of mass
mL ml(t_+- r)l+ml(t_+_3r\l+ml(L
_+_3r\
2
-+ \2 L0) \Z 10) tZ 10)
|
9.2. (t
+ml _+_sL__r,\l+ ml _+_r\l+ ml/r\
_
(L
\2 10 to) tz 10)
|
x.,n \2)
zmL
10
LLLLL3LLLL
-+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_
22105210252
LL
+-+_
m1 = 16 kg, Xl =yl =0 Xcm = 102
m2 =1k9, x2 = - 0.96 x 10-10 sin 52o m,
xg = 0.96, 10-ro sin 52o m,
m3 =1kg, !z = - 0.96 x 10-10 cos 52o
!3 = - 0.96 x 10-10 cos 52o
m1x1 +m2x2+mgxg
''u-u -
rft1 +m2*mg
zL-+sL*zL 2?L
C.M. is at I3 from the centre of bigger disc away from
-'2'"10'-5- centre of the hole.
9.4. Let the centre of the bigger disc be the origin 9.6. Let m be the mass per unit area
2R = Radius ofbigger disc Mass of the square plate = b\ = 6'2^
mt+m,
Il=R h=O ={ - o'* ,ol=f 4d,,ol
12 =0 !z=o [d2m it x/$' ) \r 4' )
+ +
+ 70+30y2=49
30Y2 = - 39
lvd^ mxL+Mx0 m f
9.11. Jr'cm = M+m M+m M
or dm=
i
Mnrdr
- M
- Rl)
rClr
When, the bob falls in the slot the CM is
at a distance 'O'from P. Q P
d
n(Rzz -Rr2) (Rz' mL
IL
Shiftin CM=O-
-2 M +m
R2
( zr\ M rdr
?
mL
i.;i - --::::-
@7 -^h n
Jy'cm = J = towards left
R1
., mL
= ---r- towards nsht
M +m
But there is no external force in horizontal direction.
So the cart displaces a distance -d- 16*6rds right.
M
= +m
9.14. Initially the monkey and balloon are at rest
So, the C.M. is at ?'
When the monkey descends through a distance L the
c.m. will shift
mxLrMx0
60kg 40kg 50kg r0 -
M +m
=M*L
+m
from P
F-4m--+
through a dislxnsg
il-
So, the balloon descends
" -(M+m) '
-
+ tty W
;;= I ^,
Now,
,rllvl m1 W - 1
^ru= ^r l^, 2
+ I?11V1 _r .o
-L.-
m2v2
9.16. As uranium 238 nucleus emits, o-particle with a speed
of 1.4x 107 m/sec
(b) The electron and antineutrino are ejected
perpendicular to each other
Let v2 be the speed of the residual nucleus thorium
Total momentum of electron and antineutrino
234.
ltl1v1 = ltl2V2 = + (6.4)2 * LO-27 kg-m/s
^16$2
3 4x 1.4x 107 = 234x v2 vtp-- 15.4x 10-27 kg.m/sec
'1
4x l.4x 107 kg
7.6TxtO-27
Va =-
' 234 VP =9'2m/s
=2.4x 105 m/sec 9.19. Mass of rrlsr =M
9.17. rft1v1 = ttl21t2 Initial velocitY = g
+ 50x1.8=gylQ24xv2 Mass of bag= m
Irt the man throws the bag towards left with a
= 15 x 1o-24 m/sec
', = ## velocity v
So, there is no external force in the horizontal
= 1.5 x 10-23 m/sec direction.
So, the earth will recoil at a speed of The momentum will be conserved
1.5 x 10-23 m,/sec Lct he goes right with a velocitY
lnlt =W
9.18. Mass of proton L.67 x to-27 kg + V =(mv/M)
Iret"Vo" be the velocitY of Proton + v =(W/m) "'(i)
Given, momentum of electron Irt the total time he will take to reach ground
=1.4x to-26 kg m,/sec W =u
={7
and momentum of antineutrino
=6.4x10-27 kg m/sec I,et the total time he will take to reach the height
(a) The electron and the antineutrino are ejected in . E@-6
the same direction
As the total momentum is conserved the proton
!="= { ,
Then the time of his flYing
should be ejected in the opposite direction.
=tl -t2
2Ir 2(H -h)
=f!).o, e -[- ! e)
=
g I
I
^P
I
\r/ 1. r---
"o, i
=,Pdr-.1n-nl -[rJ-"""
=[ft.).o, e
Yg
within this time he reaches the ground in the pond 9.22. ?s the block is exploded only due to its internal
energy. So, net, external force during this process is 0.
covering a horizontal distance
:) So the centre of mass will not ghange. Let the body
x=Vxt while exploded was at t}re origin of the co-ordinate
V=! system. If the two bodies of equal mass is moving at a
t speed of 10 m/s in + x and + y axis direction
Mx
l)=--=-X
M Ji respectively, then their resultant will move with
mt m Jl tJu -,[u7t velocity
As there is no external force in horizontal dlrection, fio'-;10t+ 21o.10 cos 90' =loJi m/s 45o
the x-coordinate of CM will remain at that position
Q=
Mx(x)*fl+x1 If the centre of mass o
which have equal mass "r
r#t:fffffiffi:
then wo will move in the
M +m
opposite direction (i.e. 135-with respect + x-axis) of
+ *, M
=i_, the resultant at the same velocity lN2 m/s
9.23. Since the spaceship is removed from any material
.'. The bag will reach the bottom at a distanc" fgl . object and totally isolated from surrounding, the mass
\ml loss by astornauts couldn't slip away from the
towards left of the line it falls. spaceship. So the total mass of the spaceship remain
9.20. Mass = 50 g = 0.05 kg unchanged and also its velocity.
9.24.d=1cxr, v =20 m/s,
v = (2cos 45o) ? - Z rir, +S" j u = O, p = 900 kg,/m3 = 0.9 gmlcm3
1/L = -2 cos 45o I i - Z tit +S' volume =l,1] nr' =1 n (0.5)3 = 0.5238 crn3
1.3,,l 3
(a) Change in momentu* = #, - ri,
mass = vp = 0.5238 x 0.9 = 0.4774258 gn
. _n* 2Jzsh
PReflected = -[*)cos e? -[1)'r, e ; t
The change in momenr.rm will be only in the x-axis
v =.124h, s=h, u=0
direction i.e., = Jffi =gt
L
W
t-
v =( *u )towards rigtrt
+ m)
-
\l g \M
Case-II
Total time =2 ^W When the man on the right jumps, the velocity of it
\lg with respect to the car is u.
mx 2
p =---=!:--
^[?.s.h
=mg O =tnu -W2
^ l2h
- z-l- ,,2 mu
\l g =r=T
9.26. Arailroad car of mass M is at rest on frictionless rails (V is the change in velocity of the platform -when
when a man of mass m starts moving on the car iUtfot itself ii taken as reference assuming the car
towards the engine. The car recoils with a speed v to be at rest)
backward on the rails. .'. So, net velocity towards left (i'e' the velocity of the
Let the mass is movingwith a velocityxwith respect to car with resPect to the earth)
the engine. mu
The velocity of the mass with respect to earth is M - (M+m)
=fru
(x - v) towards right. + m?u-Ymu
Vcm = 0 (InitiallY at rest) -mMu
M(M+m)
-0--MY+m(x-v) *2u
:+ Mv=m(x-v) =M(M*^)
mx--Mv +mv
= m which is started with
+ * =(*
*
^], =[, * tr)'
I m / \ m)
- '- - A small block of mass
g.2g.
velocity V on the horizontal part of the bigger block of
floor'
a
Loss in x.n. [1') 60 x (10)2 - ] x 100 x 36 = tzoorJ 9.36. (a) Mass of block = 2 kg and speed = 2 m/ s
\2) 2 Mass of 2nd block = 2 kg
9.33. Using law of conservation of momentum Let final velocity of 2nd block = v
+ tTt2u} = m1v (t) + tn2v1
m1u1 Using law of conservation of momentum
where ? = speed of 2nd particle during collision. 2x Z=(2+ 2) _v
+ m1u1 + llllU2 = m1U1 + m1 + Y=lm,/s
(*)(vr -ur ) + m2vl Loss in K.E. in elastic collision
mass
1009 1009
yl= mv-(M-m)v1
^+^L
9.35. Mass of 1st ball = m and speed = v L+e2
3
-4xs.40fll
\2)
=-44v
v = -!44=i'19)m/stowards
\11i
left
10
=- 6l M aVa + Msva =(Me+Mp)V
27 2x7 =4xV
.'@- :) v =(])-z*.. ...(ii)
*=[1)m=0.1m = 10 cm.
\ 10i
y =eU 9.42. Mass of bullet m = 0.02 kg
v=JWh2=18*9.8*1.5 Initial velocity of bullet Vr = 500 m,/sec.
Mass of block, M=10k9
Vr -_{tr.93.15
t-:=-
v5
Initial velocity of block =lJz = O
9'8x 2 2
Final velociry of bullet = 100 m,/sec = y
"l2x
g.40.K.E. of Nucleus =[f')rr, Let the final velo:city of block when the bullet emerges
\2) out, if block = yz
E2
=[1), (E/mc2\=
'
\2) zmc2
Energy ernitted by Gamma photon = E
E'
Decrease in internal energy = E * =
2mc2
9.41. Mass of each block Me =2kg
Initial velocity of the Ist block, y = 1 m,/sec Using conservation of energy
Vo =1mlsec
mv1 *Mu2=mv+Mvl
Va - U m,/sec + 0.02 x 500 = 0.02 x 100 + 10 x v2
Spring constant of the spring = 100 N/m y1 = 0.8 m/sec.
=+
The blockA strikes the spring with a velocity lm,/sec After moving a distance 0.02 m it stops.
After the collision, it's velocity decreases continuously + change in K.E. = work done
and at a instant the whole system. (Block A + the
compound spring + Block B) rnove together with a = ,-(;)x 1ox (0.8)2 =M x 1ox 1ox 0.2
cotrrmon velocity. \
Let that velocity be V, + M =0.16
Using conservation of energy, 9.43. The projected velocity = 11
= cr = t3n-1 (eu sin 0/u cos 0) = tan-1 (e tan 0) So, I =vo sin t[?) + ]s sin r[?)
tanct=etan0 ...(2)
gxz sec2 av8 sin r?
y=xtanc[tan -t
c,
Because, ...(3) -
2] g
Here, y = 0, tan u, = e tan 0, sec2 a =1+ e2 tan 0 Hence the plane will hit again at a distance
I=8hsin0
and u2 =n2 cos2 o + sin2 o
"2u2 9.45. h=5m
Putting the above values in the equatiol (3).
0=45o
gr2 (1 * 12 tan2 g)
xetan0=
ztz (cos2 o + e2 sin2 o) -" =(g)
[+J
2*u2 tano (cos2 o + e2 sin2 e1 Here the velocity with which it would strike
X=
g (1 + e2 tan2 g) =v-Jzg"5=10m/sec.
After collision, let it make an angle p with horizontal'
2eu2 tan 0. cos2 e
The horizontal component of velocity 10 cos 45" will
I remain unchanged and velocity in the perpendicular
eu2 sin 20 direction to the plane after wilisine
g rr=ex10sin45o
it will fall ata (9) ,. to x 7/Ji
+ So, from the starting point O, =
\.4/
distance
= (3.75) Ji m/sec.
Similarly, vz = SJi m/sec
u=^p', *rl
= ^l7eJ25 = 8.03 m,/sec
Angle of reflection from the wall
g= tan-1 (s.7s Jb/sJ,
= tan-r [9) = rr"
sin 20 (4i
_ u2 sin 20 * eu2. sin 20 _u2 (1 + e)
ggs ) Angle ofprojection o = 90
- (e + 9)
g.44.The ball strikes the inclined plane at origin with 90-(45+37o)=$o
velocityvs = JzdE.As the ball elastically rebounds. It Let the distance where it falls =L
recalls with same velocityvg, at the same angle 0 from x=Lcos0
the normal or y-axis. Let the ball suikes the incline Angle of Projection (cr) = - Bo
second time at any point P, which is at a distance I --2 sec-
^^^2
8x- cl
from the origin along the incline. From the equation v
!=rayt*!*yi
0=vo cos0t -]S.ore12
where t is the same time of motion of ball in air which
moving from origin to P.
As r*0 so - zvs
g
Now from the equation
x =voxf *f,*rr'
+ -L sin 4 =L cos0x tan 8'-*
r=vosinet+]gsino12 2
= v= (M fl u=o'25 *u- u
x2 =J
2m,
xo
+ m) 5.025 207 m1 * fi12
Using conservation of energy : \t\ + m2v2
9.5O. (a) Velocity of centre of mass =
.-(;)(M + m) .u2 =(M + m). s .h m1+m2
Here vt =O Y2 =vo
+ u2
=2xL0x0.1 =2 _mtx0+mZxv} =_Wg_
QOD2 n\.+mZ m1 +fi2
u = 2O7 * Ji = 280 m/sec (b) The spring will attain maximum elongation when
= both velocity of two blocks will attain are velocity of
9.48. Mass of bullet m =20 gm = 0.02 kg
centre of mass.
Mass of wooden block M = 500 gm = 0.5 kg
x -+ maximum elongation of spring.
Change in kinetic energy = potential energy strored in Due to { and F2 block of mass m1 and m2 will
spring. experience different acceleration and experience an
inertia force.
+ l^ruo' - |wr
+ ml(r$' 1*' = Net force * ,,'
mz =: :" - _r2_\
my+m2
= ^ru&,(t- l= pz
\ mt+mz) -mr\+mz\-mt\+Fzmt
.=lp;l "
I 1t/2
=mzF\
+ mtFz
m1+m2
ff\+m2
9.51. If both blocks are pulled by some force, they suddenly (F, -F1)
move some acceleration and instantaneously stop at Similarly Net forcc ofi m2 - - m2 x
same position where the elongation of spring is - = Fz ----
ml+mz
maximum. m1F2+nZFZ-m2F2+m2\
m1+m2
-mt.F2+TZFZ
m1+m2
:> Let x1,x2 -> extension by block m1 andm2 .'.If rq displaced by a distance x1 and x2 by m2 the
Total work done = Fx1 + Fx2 ...(1) maximum extension of the spring is x1 + xr.
Increase the potential energy of spring .'. Work done by the blocks = €il€rBY stored in the
spring.
=(;)" (x1+ x2)2 ...(2)
+ mz'\ ++trl2
mtFz, + mtF2
(xr) *mz\ * *,
m1 m1 + m2
Equating (1) and (2) /r \
F (x1 + rr, =(1) K (x1 + x2)2 =l* l.
\z,t
1x1 + x2)2
2 m2\ + m1F2
+ (x1 + x2) =(zF/k) -Ir -rfe =-#
k m1+m2
Since the net extemal force on the n'vo blocks is zero
thus same force act on opposite direction. 9.53. Mass of the man (M = 50 kg
fn1X1 = rll2X2 ...(3) ^)
Mass of the pillow (Mo) = 5 kB
and x1 + x2 =?.F/k When the pillow is pushed by the man, the pillow will
rb go down while the man goes up. It becomes the
'' X2 = ----:- X1 external force on the system which is zero'
;m2 of mass is zero
= Acceleration of centremass
,l t, * Velocity of centre of is constant
MmxV^=MOxVo ...( 1)
t' *t + x1 =7-F/k Given the velocity of pillow is 80 ftls which is relative
Substituting
m2 of pillow with resPect to man
ry)=zrtt Vplm =Vo -?Vm)
*r(t * mz) =VP + Vm
\ Vo =VP/w-V^
11 =
?.Fmo -
' k(mr +*z) Putting in equation (1)
---:2-
2.Fm.
M^'V* =Mpx(VPlm-V^)
- 3 50xV- =5x(8-V^)
+ vL -v2 - -Zl
uu ==--i..il:
(a) If the collision is perfectly elastic
mV1 +mVr=tnv1 +tTw2
3 10+0=v1+v2
\3i v1 + v2 =lO ...(1)
-5 Again v1 +v2=-(u1 -u2)
-u
3
= _ (10.0)
-5x JN = - 10 ...(2)
3
Substracting (2) from (1)
J@ bz =20
Y2 =lO m/s
(b) Putting the work .rlr", principle =
The deceleration ofB
(i). - "
(o)2 -(i), 2mx (v2)2 Putting work energY PrinciPle
/r\ .^-, (t\
lalxmx(0)" 2-
--mxaxh
-l:lx mxLlo
=_?,tnxgxh \z) \2)
lh -+ height reached by heavY balll
-(i),.
=) h =r!.]
Ig]
= (10)2
100,,
=-Fs x h
= h =-2x1x10 =5m
simirarry,(i)',, (0)2 -[i)' mvt2 - mx g x h2
(b) If the collision is perfectly in elastic
(height reached by small ball)
tTtxUl*mxU2=(m+m)xv
=(1)'!f; s'nz = mx 10+ mx 0 =2mxv
,llo 0.25L = ,=flg)=5m,/s
'9 =- \2 )
The two block will together attacking to each other
some h3 is more than 2L, the velocity at highest point
Putting work energY PrinciPle
will not be zero.
And the'm'will rise by a distance 2I. [1']' ,* , (0)2 -f\2)
1.) . 2m x (v)2 = 2mx[r8 x s
\2)
+ (5)2 a2=
frdx mg sm q, cos 0
...( 1)
0.1x10x2 =s M +m M +m
+ S=12.5m So, the absolute (Resultant) acceleration of 'm' on the
9.59. Let velocity of 2 kg block on reaching the 4 kg block block "M' along the direction of the incline will be
before collision = ur c=gsinc[-a2 coscr,
Given, V2 =0 (velocityof 4kgblock) =g sin cr -
mg sin o cos2 o
M +m
(i)- " *' -[;) mx (t)2=-m x ps x s . lru*r-r.os2
+ pr=@ "
=gslnC[l-
L M+m ']
= = 0.6 m,/sec . lm+msin2al
a=.gslnc[t-l
+ ut = 0.6 m,/sec " L M+m l ...(2)
Since it is a perfectly elastic collision
kt v1, v2 + velocity of 2 kg and 4 kg block after lct, the time taken by block'm'to reach the bottom
collision end by't'
m1 x u1 + m2u2 = tnlVl * tn2v2 Now, s =ur *[1.]"r'
\2)
= 2x O.6 + 4.0 = Zv1 + 4v2
:3 h
2v1 + 4v2 =1.)
= -;- -=(!\o,,
Again, vl -v2=+(ut-u2) ...(1) srn o \2)
=+(0.6-0)=-0.6 I ._ 4fr-
'-!"tin"
Substracting (2) from (1)
3v2 =1'2 "'(2) So, the velocity of the bigger block after time f will be
:) vz =0.4m/s Vm =U * a2t
vl =-0.6+0.4=-O.2m/s
.'. Putting work energy principle for 1st 2 kg block -mSsincrcosa @
M.^ ilrtir"
when come to rest
x (o)2 .(;), 2x (0.2)2 - lz^'s'lrsin2 cr "or' o1"'
(;),, = 2x1o x s1 -t-
|
L Cu+m)2asincr l
x 2x 0.2x 0.2 = 2x 0.2x 10 x 51 Now substituting the value of 'a' from equation (2),
= f+l
\2) we get
+ Sl =lcrn
Iz^'r2hsir2 o . .or2,, (M +m) 1"'
Puning work energy principle for 4 kg block =[*
'u * rf ,in o 'g ti' o (M.,- - tin,o)]
(;), -, (o)2 -(i)' 4x (0.4)2
=-4x
0.2x 10x 52 or u* =l
- ^'rn "" Y , )"'
:+ 2xO.4x 0.4= 4x0.2x 10x 52
Lf, * m) (M + sin2 m a;.1
+ 52 =4cm 9.61. The mass'm'is given a velocity ?'over the larger mass
M
Distance between 2 kg and 4 kg block = Sr + 52
(a) When the smaller block is travelling on the
=1+4=5crn vertical paft, let the velocity of the bigger block be v1
9.60. The block 'm' will slide down the inclined plane of towards left.
mass M with acceleration o1 = g sin o (relative) to the
From law of conservation of momentum (in the
inclined plane.
horizontal direction)
The honzontal component of a1 will be
mv=(M+m)v1
dx = g sin o cos cr, for which the block M will
accelerate towards left. Let the acceleration be a2.
= u7=L
According to the concept of centre of mass, (in the
M+m
horizontal direction external force is zero), (b) When the smaller block breaks off, left its
frex =(M + m) a2 resultant velocity is v2
From law of a conservation of energy
in its
G)^* =(l)*"'
.(l)^",' + mgh
So, t}te time for which the smaller block was
flight is grven by,
+ hr=t
GM,m6+n
*.[;J # =(1)^,"",,
2g
.(i)*o "'o'
So, Total height =h + ht =h,u *'!^' Again as the an internal force acts
Mu'
=h * -h ...(4) M"V, =M6V6
(M + m) ?.9
+ =Mbvb
v."M" ...(2)
[From equation (3) and (a)]
u_ Mv2 Putting in equation (1)
(d)
2e(M+m)
Because the smaller mass has also got a horizontal
Gm" x *,1#, rh] =(;), *, -W
component of velocity 'lr' at the time it break off from
.M (which has a velocity vr), the block'm'will again . (1). M6 x v]
land on the block'M (bigger one)
Let us find out the time of flight of block 'm' after
breaks off.
it =(i)' M6 x v62
W.), u6,,62
During the upward motion (BC)
+ GM,
2R + ?h -2R -h
0=yv -8t (2R+h)(R-h)
+ sn =vrz
" *(2\
\z)
+ sinosin0=cosocosp
+ cos0,. cosp-sin o cos0=0
+ vu =28h :+ cos(o+9)=0=cos90o
3 + a + p=99"
9.63. Since it is not a head on collision the tr /o bodies move
9.64. Let the mass of both the particle and the spherical
in different dimensions body be 'm', the particle velocity !, has two
Let v1, v2 + velocities of the bodies vector collision components y cos o normal to the sphere and y sin a
Since, the collision is elastic. Applyrng law of tangential to the spheres.
conservation of momentum on X = direction After the collision, they will exchange their velocities.
mpt + 171 X sr = mv1 COs o + mv2 COS p So, t}re spherical body will have a velocity v cos q, and
+ v1 cos d * v2 cos p - u1 ...(1) the particle will not have anycomponent of velocityin
this direction.
Puning law of conservation of momentum in y
direction [This collision will be due to the component y cos a in
the normal direction. But, the tangential velocity, of
0=ftyl sillc v2 sin p ...(2) the particle y sin a will be unaffeaed.l
Again (i)*r, * o =[1),.,,2 .(i)^ - *,
",' So, velocity ofthe sphere .o, o - 'r -p2
+ ur2 =vr2 +v22 ...(3) t.
and velocity of the particle = y sin a =
Squaring equation (1) r
v12 + v22 =v12 cos2 o. + v22 cos2 p+ zvf 2
o