Team Summit

ID no. Name
20 082 Md. Jafor Ahmed Shuvo
20 087 Rabeya Ahammed
20 088 Nazmun Nahar
20 110 Najom Usama Chowdhury
20 130 Md. Sarowar Hossain
 Sampling
Techniques
and
Sample
size
Rabeya Ahammed

Id: 20 - 087
Important
Statistical
terms
 • A set which includes all measurements
of interest to the researcher
• The collection ofallresponses,
Population
measurements, or counts that are of
interest
Target • The population to be studied to which the
Population investigator wants to generalize his results

• A subset of the population

YOUR TITLE YOUR TITLE YOUR TITLE
Sample
 Sampling
Scheme
Sampling Unit
Smallest unit from which Method of
sample can be selected selecting
sampling units
from sampling
Sampling Frame frame
List of all the sampling
units from which sample is
drawn
 Why Sampling?

Get information
Can Do A about
More When it’s large populations
Better Job
Accuracy impossible to At
of Data
study the Less costs and
Collection
whole
Less field
population
time
Types of Sampling

01 Probability sampling

02 Non-probability sampling
 Probability Sampling
Random sampling

• Each subject has a known probability of

being selected
• Allows application of statistical sampling
theory to results to:
• Generalise
• Test hypotheses
 Non Probability Sampling
Convenience • sample is selected from elements of a
samples population that are easily accessible

Snowball • Initial informants are approached to refer other

sampling participants who meet the eligibilitycritertia.

Purposive • You chose who you think should be in the

sampling study

• Probability of being chosen is unknown

Quota Sampling • Cheaper- but unable to generalise
potential for bias
Appropriate Method of Sampling

Probability samples are the best

They Ensure-
 Representativeness
 Precision
Methods Used in Probability
Samples

Simple random sampling

Systematic sampling
Stratified sampling
Cluster sampling
 Simple Random Sampling

Each sample has and equal probability of being chosen.

Unbiased representation of the total population
If the sample does not represent the population, the
variation is called sampling error.
Najom Usama
Chowdhury

Id: 20 - 110
Simple Random Sampling
(Example)
Table of Random Numbers

684257954125632140
582032154785962024
362333254789120325
985263017424503686
 Systematic
Sampling

Systematic sampling is a type of probability sampling method

in which sample members from a larger population are selected
according to-

 A random sampling point and

 A fixed , periodic interval.
Systematic Sampling
(Example)
 Cluster Sampling

Cluster sampling involves identification of cluster of participants that

represent the population are identified and included in the sample.

Cluster: A group of sampling units close to each other i.e. crowding

together in the same area or neighborhood.
 Cluster Sampling (Example)
Section 1 Section 2

Section 3

Section 5

Section 4
 Stratified Sampling
A stratified random sampling involves dividing the entire
population into homogeneous groups which are called strata.
Random samples are taken from each stratum.
 Stratified Sampling
Vs.
Cluster Sampling
Basis for comparison Stratified Clustered

Sampling Unit Only specific elements of strata A cluster is perceived as a

are accepted as sampling unit sampling unit

Selection of population elements Individually Collectively

Homogeneity Within Groups Between Groups

Objective To increase precision and To reduce cost and improve

representation efficiency
Md. Jafor Ahmed
Shuvo

Id: 20 - 082
Sampling
Design
Process

Define the population
Determine the sampling
frame
Select sampling techniques
Determine the sample size
Execute the sampling process
The total number of
people in Rajbari
Young people[ 2 high schools,
1 collage] A post graduate young person wants
to start a computer learning program
in Rajbari village. Before starting this
Non probability Sampling
service, he needs to know how much
(Convenience sample) willing the people of this village in
computer learning course.
Survey on 500 students There are 5000 people, 2 high
school, 1 collage, 1 medical center, 1
madrasha.
Go to the 2 high schools and
1 collage, and randomly pick
5 classes which contain above
500 students.
 Factors of Appropriate
sample design
Add your title

02 Time
Degree of 03
Accuracy
01 Resources
 Determination of Sample Size

 The importance of the decision

 The nature of the research
 The numbers of variables
 The nature of the analysis
 Sample sizes used in similar studies
 Incidence rates
 Completion rates
 Resource constraints
Factors Determining Sample Size

Three factors are required to specify simple size:

1) The heterogeneity (variance of the population) δ^2
2) The magnitude of acceptable error β
3) The confidence level Z
Md. Sarowar Hossain

Id: 20 - 130
 Errors and
Disadvantages
Errors in Sampling at a glance
 Sampling error
• Selection of sample that does not represent the entire
Random Sampling population.
• This is the difference between census survey and
Error sample result

• This is the total of sampling error except random

Non sampling Error sampling error.
• This error is caused during the data collection
(Systematic error) procedure.
 Systematic error
Respondent • An error that occur due to
Error respondent action and
inaction

Administrative • An error caused by improper

administration or execution of the
Error research task.
 Respondent Error
Non response • Statistical difference between sample result that includes only
respondent and perfect survey that include both respondent and non
respondent

error • Such as in 500 sample, respondent 400 result and perfect survey 500
respondents results

• If respondent either consciously and unconsciously give false answer.

• It can be two ways deliberate falsification and unconscious
Response bias misrepresents.
• Such as, if I asked in the class where are you shopping? Most of them
will say Bashundhara or Jamuna future park.
 Response Bias
• Tendency to agree with all or most of the Questions
Acquiescence Bias • For example for a new product research, respondents recognize high likelihood of
acquiescence bias

Extremity Bias • Some respondent tend to use extremes when responding questions
• For example, they may use 1 or 10 in a ten point scale.

• This error occur due to the interviewer influences on the respondent answer.
Interviewer Bias • Such as interviewer age , gender style of dress and tone of voice may influence on
respondent answer
 Administrative Error
• This error depends on the data entry and programming inaccuracy.
Data processing Error • Careful procedure and check each steps reduce this error.

• Improper sample selection and sampling design cause sample selection error.
Sample selection Error • Suppose target population is Dhaka university students and select Jagannath
university students.

Interviewer Error • Mistakes made by interviewer failing to record survey response correctly.
TITLE
Disadvantages of
Sampling
Sampling method is
1 judgmental

Improper Selection of
2 sampling technique

Selection of proper size

3 of Sample

Experience manpower
4
 Sample
Size
Selection
 Example-1

Suppose in a village has 2000 people. We want to count the number people
using solar energy of this village. Average cost of solar energy is 10000 tk.
Margin of Error 100Tk and confidence level is 95%.
 Solution

Here,
Target population, N= 2000,
Standard deviation,δ=10000/4=2500 ,
Margin of error,В=100
and Z=1.96
 Example-2

Suppose, From the 20000 students of Dhaka university 80% students

think to reform the quota system. Researcher wishes to have less 3%
margin of error and to be 95% confidence of interval. What should be
the sample size of this research?
 Solution:
Here, Target population N= 20000, P= 0.80, Q= 0.20 Margin of
error B= .03 Z= 1.96
 Any
Questions?