Soil mechanics Effective Stress Lateral Earth pressure (Rankine)

Effective stress
void ratio porosity (Pe , P ' ,σ e , σ ') 10 kPa
Pore water pressure / neutral pressure y1 3
γ=18 kN /m
Vv Vv ( Pw , σ w ,u) o
e= n= e φ=20 A 3 m
Vs V y y c=15 kPa 1
Total Pressure / Total Stress F 1 w 2

e H ∇
n n= ( PT , P ,σ T , σ)
e= 1+e γ=19 kN /m 3

1−n F e
φ=30 B 5 m
water w o
e
_____________________________ Pe=PT −Pw F
c=12 kPa
2
2

Water / Moisture degree of

content Saturation Pe=∑ Psoil−Pw active passive
Ww 2 φ 2 φ
w=
Ws S=
Vw _____________________________ ka=tan 2 −45 kp= tan 2 +45 ( ) ( )
Vv
σ1
_____________________________ Ph=Pv ka−2 c √ ka Ph< Pv
σ AA' Ph=Pv kp+2 c √ kp Ph> Pv
V τ
a vr = a =n (1−s) σ3 Fa=[ Pabove +Pv (centroid) ka−2c √ ka ]× Area
V θ σ3
_____________________________ Fp=[ Pabove +Pv (centroid ) kp +2c √ kp]× Area
γ γ _____________________________
G= γ w Gs= s γ Se = wG s AA' sol: 20
w kaA= tan ( −45 )=0.4903 2
2
_____________________________
30
3 σ kaB=tan ( −45 ) =0.3333 2
γw = 9.81 kN /m = 62.4 pcf 2
3 3
ρw = 1000 kg /m = 1.94 slugs /ft τ F 1={[10 +18(1.5)]0.4903−2(15) √ 0.4903} 3(1)
� c θ 2θ F 1=−8.5960 Kn
σ3 Δd
W F 2={[10+18 (3)+(19−9.81) 2.5]0.3333
γ= σ1 −2(12) √ 0.3333 }5(1)
V F 2=75.6653 kN
Fwater =9.81(2.5)(5)(1)=122.625 kN
G + Se σ3 = min. principal stress
γ= s γ σ1 = max principal stress Crack happens due to
1+ e w σ = normal stress on the failure z resistance force (cohesion),
resistance F becomes zero
plane after crack
γ=γ d ( 1+ w) τ = shear stress on the failure plane Fa( beforecrack )
γ sat Δd = plunger stress = ∑ F ( w/cohession force)+Fwater
c = cohesion Fa=F 1+F 2+Fwater
γ ϕ = angle of friction
θ = angle of failure plane Fa( after crack )
γd =∑ F (no cohesion force)+Fwater
u = pore water pressure
0 s 1 ____________________________ then F1 becomes
γ=γ d + s ( γsat −γd ) φ
θ = 45o + 3− z
2 F 1'={ [10 +18( z + )]0.4903
2
unconfined, undrained: −2(15) √ 0.4903}(3− z)(1)
γe =γ , =γ−γ w (σ3=0, σ1= Δd = qu = 2c) Fa=F 1' +F 2− Fwater
Gs−1 _____________________________
γe = γ for drained: z = depth of tensile crack, Ph =0
1+e w
(confined) Ph=0=(10 +18 z)0.4903−2(15) √ 0.4903
_____________________________ σ1' = σ1 – u, σ3' = σ3 – u z = 1.8247 m
_____________________________
Relative density (unconfined) (σ3=0, θ=0, pure Location of lateral pressure (yb):
1 1 cohesion)
emax −e γ dmin− γ d γ I sin(θ)ka
Dr = = σ1' = σ1 + u, σ3' = 0 + u e=
F
, F a yb = ΣF( H− ȳ−e)
e max −e min 1 1
γ dmin− γ dmax
O.M. = Ryb