Owen Walker

12.1

LAB 12: HUMAN MUSCULATURE

PELVIC GIRDLE AND LOWER LEG
NOTE: Bring an old pair of sweats or light colored pants to draw on.

OBJECTIVES:
 To be able to identify the structures of the articulations of the hip and knee
 To compare and contrast the mobility afforded by these articulations.
 To be able to identify muscles that cause movement at the:
o Hip
o knee
o ankle
 To learn the origin, insertion and action of the identified muscles.
 To be able to identify the muscles on the surface of the human body and human models.

MATERIALS:
Articulations of the hip and knee, preserved cats, models of the human torso and leg, light colored sweats.
Lab Atlas: Chapter 7- articulations and Chapter 8 – muscles.

PART I: ARTICULATIONS – Knee and Hip

Just about all of the bones in the body connect to another bone. The connection points are called articulations or
joints. Articulations serve a few functions: 1) they help hold the bones together and 2) they allow for some
flexibility of a very rigid system. Articulations can be structurally identified as fibrous, cartilaginous, and
synovial joints and functionally classified by movement. The two joints that we will be studying are both
synovial joints.

Instructions: Identify the following structures on the articulation models and complete the questions at the end
of the lab.

I. Coxal (hip; human and model)

iliofemoral ligament
pubofemoral ligament
ischiofemoral ligament

II. Tibiofemoral (knee; human and model)

anterior/posterior cruciate ligaments patella
medial/lateral menisci patellar tendon
lateral/medial collateral ligaments patellar ligament

III. Foot Model – achilles tendon and plantar fascia

 12.2
PART II: MUCLES OF THE HIP AND LEGS

Instructions- Muscle Identification: Identify the following muscles on yourself, the human models and on
the cat. For the cat you only need to identify the starred muscles. Answer the questions at the end of the
lab.

Psosas major
iliacus
gluteus maximus* hamstrings
gluteus medius semimembranosus*
pectineus semitendinosis*
adductor longus* biceps femoris*
adductor magnus* tensor fascia latae*
iliotibial tract – (connective tissue)

quadriceps
rectus femoris* gracilis*
vastus lateralis* gastrocnemius*
vastus intermedius* soleus*
vastus medialis* Sartorius*
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Peroneus longus
 WS: 12.1

Pectineus

Tibilialis Anterior

Abductor Longus Gastrocnemius

Extensor Digitorum
Longus

Gracilis

Vastus lateralis

Sartorius Rectus femoris

Vastus Medialis
 WS:12.2

2. Label the following diagram (posterior). Use the muscle list on page one for labeling.

Gluteus Maximus

iliotibial tract
Abductor Magnus

Gracilis

Semimembranosus

Biceps Femoris
Semitendinosus

Gastrocnemius

Soleus
 W.S.12.3
4. Label the following diagram.

femur, tibia, patella, lateral collateral ligament, medial collateral ligament, anterior cruciate ligament,
posterior cruciate ligament, patella tendon, meniscus

Femur

Patella

Medial Collateral Ligament

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

Meniscus
Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Lateral Collateral Ligament Patellar Tendon Ligament

Tibia

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Knee_diagram.png

Hip: pubofemoral, iliofemoral, ichiofemoral

Iliofemoral Ligament

Pubofemoral Ligament

Ichiofemoral Ligament
 WS: 12.4

Match the muscle with its action, origin or insertion.

A. Flexes leg and thigh; abducts rotates thigh laterally.

B. Origin of lumbar intervertebral discs; bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae.
C. Inserts into the iliotibial tract.
D. Extends hip.
E. Origin of ischial tuberosity.
F. Inserts into the patella tendon.
G. Flexes knee, rotates leg laterally and extends thigh.
H. Inserts on the cuneiform and first metatarsal.
I. Origin of pubis- below the crest.
J. Plantar flexion of the foot.

_____1. Gluetus maximus

_____2. Adductor longus
_____3. Sartorius
_____4. Vastus lateralis
_____5. Psoas major
_____6. Biceps femoris
_____7. Tibialis anterior
_____8. Semitendinosis
_____9. Tensor fasciae latae
_____10. Gastrocnemius