DOI 10.4010/2016.

1702
ISSN 2321 3361 © 2016 IJESC
`

Research Article Volume 6 Issue No. 6

Flow Analysis and Manufacturing Process Plan of a Water Jet

Nozzle
G.Srikanth Reddy¹, J.Govardhan², P. Akshay Kumar³
Department of Mechanical Engineering
AVN Institute of Engineering and Technology, Telangana, India

Abstract:
Water jet nozzles are used for increasing the velocity of water coming out of the nozzle. The water comes out in the form of a jet
from the outlet of a nozzle, which may be fitted to a pipe through which the water is flowing under pressure. The design of the
nozzle is a challenging task because; the profile of the nozzle should be capable of increasing the velocity at the outlet. The
advent of CFD packages reduces the effort of the engineer to design the nozzle by understanding the flow pattern and pressure
distribution by performing flow analysis. The nozzle is designed by following standard industrial design methodologies and also
computational fluid domain analysis to calculate velocity and pressure distribution. The design parameters are identified from the
literature and are given as input for CFD analysis. Later, extended to develop a manufacturing process plan of the nozzle using
CAM software. Tool path and CNC program is generated in CAM software. Solid Works flow simulation is used to do CFD
analysis and NX-CAM software is used to create tool path and CNC program.

1. Introduction:

The design and manufacturing process of a water jet nozzle is

a cumbersome engineering challenge because of the extreme
pressure conditions of the water. Analysis is done to observe
the deflections on the structure and stresses developed in the
body because of applied load [1].

A nozzle is a device designed to control the direction or

characteristics of a fluid flow (especially to increase velocity)
as it exits (or enters) an enclosed chamber or pipe [2].
A nozzle is often a pipe or tube of varying cross sectional
area, and it can be used to direct or modify the flow of a fluid
(liquid or gas). Nozzles are frequently used to control the rate Fig.1. 3D Model imported to solid works.
of flow, speed, direction, mass, shape, and/or the pressure of
the stream that emerges from them. In nozzle velocity of The figure.2 shows the meshed model of the fluid domain
fluid increases on the expense of its pressure energy [3]. that is created for the flow analysis.
The main objective is to perform computational fluid domain
analysis to calculate velocity and pressure distribution in the
nozzle. Fluid flow analysis was done on the nozzle to
understand the velocity and pressure distribution.

Key words: Nozzle, CFD, velocity and pressure.

2. Flow Analysis of Nozzle:

3D model of the nozzle was developed in UNIGRAPHICS

from the inputs available. The model was then imported into
SOLIDWORKS flow simulation. A fluid flow model was
developed with the given velocity. 3D model of the nozzle is
shown in figure.1. Fig.2. Meshed fluid model.

The figure.3 shows both the solid mesh domain and the fluid
mesh domain.

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Fig.3. Meshed model of both fluid and solid.

The component is made of aluminium and the material

properties of aluminium are as follows: Fig.5. velocity increase in the nozzle.
Property Value Units The figure.6 shows the values of pressure distribution of
Elastic Modulus 69000 N/mm² water flowing in the tube maximum pressure of 79 bar in red
region is indicated at the inlet of the nozzle and different
Poisson's Ratio 0.33 NA
color regions shown the pressure drop in the nozzle and the
Shear Modulus 26000 N/mm² minimum pressure is indicated at the outlet of the nozzle in
blue color.
Density 2700 kg/m³
Tensile Strength 124.08 N/mm²
Thermal Expansion 2.40E-
/k
Coefficient 05
Thermal conductivity 170 W/m-k
Specific Heat 1300 J/kg-k

Flow analysis was done on the nozzle to plot velocity and

pressure distribution. Boundary conditions are shown in the
figure.4. An inlet flow velocity of 3.65m/s is given as the
input data and to environmental pressure values are given at
the exit of the nozzle.

Fig.6. Pressure distribution in the nozzle.

The figure.7 indicates the pressure, total velocity and velocity

in three directions i.e. In X, Y, Z directions at two points one
at the inlet of the nozzle and the other at the outlet of the
nozzle.

Fig.4. Boundary conditions.

After the boundary conditions goals were set to calculate the

total pressure and velocity changes throughout the model and
the results are recorded. The figure.5 shows the velocity
change in the model and a maximum velocity of 125.2m/s is
indicated in the red region at the outlet of the nozzle.

Fig.7. Pressure and Velocity values at inlet and outlet of the

nozzle

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As the water flows in the nozzle with some pressure it exerts
pressure on the inner cylindrical surface and the pressure
values on the inner surface of the nozzle and a maximum
pressure of 79bar is exerted, indicated in red region in the
figure.8.

Fig.10. Velocities at different cross-sections of the nozzle.

The figure.11 shows the flow path of water from the inlet to
Fig.8. Pressure exerted on the surface of the nozzle. the outlet with change with velocity indicated by the color of
the arrows.
Iso surfaces plot option is used to find the pressure at five
different cross sections with 5 different pressure values and
shown in figure.9. Pressure values of 40 bar, 70 bar, 76 bar,
78 bar and 79 bar are been plotted.

Fig.11. Velocity flow trajectories.

The figure.12 shows the flow path of water from the inlet to
the outlet with change with maximum pressure at the inlet
Fig.9. Pressure values at different cross-sections of the and a gradual decrease in pressure and a minimum pressure
nozzle. at the outlet indicated by the color arrows.

The figure.10 shows the velocity change at the 5 different

cross sections for five different pressure values:

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 Fig.12. Pressure flow trajectories
The velocity and pressure values are tabulated in Table.1.

Table.1
3. Length vs. Velocity graph: the nozzle to the exit of the nozzle. Length in meters is
taken on x-axis and pressure in pa is taken on y-axis and
Graph is plotted for velocity to length. This shows how the the graph is plotted as shown in figure.14.
velocity changes through the inlet of the nozzle to the exit
of the nozzle. Length in meters is taken on x axis and
velocity in m/s is taken on y axis and the graph is plotted
as shown in figure.13.

Fig.14. Pressure vs. length graph.

Fig.13. Length vs. Velocity graph.
4. Pressure Vs length:
Graph is plotted for pressure to length. This shows how the
pressure drops from maximum to minimum from inlet of
5. Result:
CFD analysis is performed on the nozzle for an inlet fluid
velocity of 3.65m/s and the results are documented. From
the above analysis it can be observed that the maximum
velocity of 125m/s is flowing at the convergent side of the

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nozzle and a maximum pressure of 79 bar acting at the
divergent side of the nozzle.

6. Conclusion:

Flow analysis on a nozzle is the most important aspect to

determine the outlet velocity of the nozzle. For any flow
analysis to perform inlet parameters and outlet parameters
play the most crucial role. Creating a prototype and then
performing flow analysis on the part to achieve desired exit
velocity may or may not be realized. So CFD flow analysis
is performed on the part for different inlet and outlet
diameters in solid works flow simulation module to
achieve satisfactory results. By performing flow analysis it
is determined that the maximum exit velocity and
maximum pressure acting on the inner surface of the
nozzle.

Acknowledgment:

The authors are grateful to the management of AVN

Institute of Engineering and Technology, Koheda,
R.R.Dist., Telangana, India, for providing the facilities for
the execution of this experimental analysis in the Computer
Aided Design Laboratory of the Department of Mechanical
Engineering.

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Water Jet Nozzle". G.Srikanth Reddy. Ijmetmr, Volume 3,
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NASA.gov.Retrieved 19 January 2009.

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6.M Djassemi."A parametric programming technique for

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