Quantity Equivalent unit

Mass 1 kg = 1000 g = 0.001 metric ton = 2.20462 Ibm = 35.27392 ounces

1 Ibm = 16 ounces = 510-4 tons = 453.593 g = 0.453593 kg
Length 1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm = 106 m = 1010 angstrom = 39.37 in
= 3.2808 ft = 1.0936 yards = 0.0006214 mile.

Area 1 Hectare = 10000 m2 = 2.471 acres = 107639.10 ft2

1 Acre = 43560 ft2 = 4046.85 m2

Volume 1 m3 = 1000 L = 106 cm3 = 106ml

= 35.3145 ft3 = 264.17 gal
1 ft3 = 1728 in3 = 7.4805 gal = 0.028317 m3 = 28.317 L = 28317 cm3
1 barrel = 158.987 L = 35 gal  42US gal
Force 1 N = 1 kg.m.s-2 = 105 dyne = 105 g.cm.s-2 = 0.22481 Ibf
1 Ibf = 32.174 Ibm ft.s-2 = 4.4482 N
Pressure 1 atm = 1.01325105 N/m2 (Pa) = 1.01325105 kg/(m.s2) = 760 torr
= 760 mmHg = 14.696 psi = 1.01325 bar
Energy 1 J = 1 N.m = 107 dyne.cm = 2.77810-7 kW.h = 0.23901 cal
= 0.7376 ft-Ibf = 9.48610-4 Btu
Power 1 W = 1 J/s = 0.23901 cal/s = 0.7376 ft-Ibf/s = 9.48610-4 Btu/s
= 1.34110-3 hp

Permeability 1 barrer = 3.348×10-19 kmol·m·m-2·s-1·Pa-1

1.33×1014 barrer = 1 m3·m.m-2s-1.kPa-1 (Darcy)

Universal gas Other constant

8.314 m3.Pa/mol.K h = 6.62510-34Js (Plank’s constant)
0.08314 liter. bar/mol.K  = 5.66910-8 (Stefan-Boltzman constant)
0.08206 liter.atm/mol.K g = 9.80665 m/s2
62.36 liter.mmHg/mol.K Faraday constant = 96485 C/mol
0.7302 ft3 atm/Ib-mole.°R
10.73 ft3.psia/Ib-mole.°R
82.06 cm3.atm/mol.K
8.314 J/mol.K
1.987 cal/mol.K
1.987 Btu/Ib-mole.°R
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Fundamental Constantsa
Constant Symbol SI value Non-SI value

Gas constant R 8.3145 J mol
1 K
1 8.3145  107 erg mol
1 K
1
8.3145 m3 Pa mol
1 K
1 83.145 cm3 bar mol
1 K
1
82.0575 cm3 atm mol
1 K
1
1.9872 cal mol
1 K
1
Avogadro constant NA 6.022142  1023 mol
1
Faraday constant F 96485.34 C mol
1
Speed of light
in vacuum c 2.99792458  108 m s
1
Planck constant h 6.626069  10
34 J s
Boltzmann constant k 1.38065  10
23 J K
1
Proton charge e 1.6021765  10
19 C
Electron rest mass me 9.109382  10
31 kg
Proton rest mass mp 1.672622  10
27 kg
Electric constant e0 8.85418782  10
12 C 2 N
1 m
2
4pe0 1.112650056  10
10 C 2 N
1 m
2
1/4pe0 8.98755179  109 N m2 C
2
Magnetic constant m0 4p  10
7 N C
2 s2
Gravitational
constant G 6.674  10
11 m3 s
2 kg
1

aAdapted from P. J. Mohr, B. N. Taylor, and D. B. Newell (2007), “CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical
Constants: 2006” (physics.nist.gov/constants and arxiv.org/abs/0801.0028).

Defined Constants
Standard gravitational acceleration gn ⬅ 9.80665 m/s2
Zero of the Celsius scale ⬅ 273.15 K

Greek Alphabet
Alpha  a Iota  i Rho  r
Beta  b Kappa  k Sigma  s
Gamma  g Lambda l Tau  t
Delta  d Mu  m Upsilon  y
Epsilon  e Nu  n Phi  f
Zeta  z Xi  j Chi  x
Eta h Omicron  o Psi  c
Theta
u Pi  p Omega  v
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Conversion Factorsa
1 atm ⬅ 101325 Pa 1 eV  1.6021765  10
19 J
1 torr ⬅ 760
1
atm 133.322 Pa 1 Å ⬅10
10 m  10
8 cm
1 bar ⬅ 105 Pa  0.986923 atm 1 L ⬅ 1000 cm3 1 dm3
 750.062 torr 1 D Ⳏ 3.335641  10
30 C m
1 dyn  10
5 N 1 P  0.1 N s m
2
1erg  10
7 J 1 G Ⳏ 10
4 T
1 calth ⬅ 4.184 J

a The symbol Ⳏ means “corresponds to.”

SI Prefixes
10
1 deci d 10 deca da
10
2 centi c 102 hecto h
10
3 milli m 103 kilo k
10
6 micro  106 mega M
10
9 nano n 109 giga G
10
12 pico p 1012 tera T
10
15 femto f 1015 peta P
10
18 atto a 1018 exa E
10
21 zepto z 1021 zetta Z

Properties of Some Isotopesa

Isotope Abundance,% Atomic mass I gN
1H 99.988 1.0078250 1/2 5.58569
2H 0.012 2.014102 1 0.85744
11B 80.1 11.009305 3/2 1.7924
12C 98.9 12.000. . . 0 —
13C 1.1 13.003355 1/2 1.40482
14N 99.64 14.003074 1 0.40376
15N 0.36 15.00011 1/2
0.56638
16O 99.76 15.994915 0 —
19F 100 18.998403 1/2 5.25774
23Na 100 22.98977 3/2 1.47844
31P 100 30.97376 1/2 2.2632
32S 95.0 31.972071 0 —
35Cl 75.8 34.968853 3/2 0.547916
37Cl 24.2 36.965903 3/2 0.456082
39K 93.26 38.96371 3/2 0.261005
79Br 50.7 78.91834 3/2 1.40427
81Br 49.3 80.91629 3/2 1.51371
127I 100 126.90447 5/2 1.1253

aAbundances are for the earth’s crust. Atomic masses are the relative masses of the neutral
atoms on the 12C scale.