Forces Acting On a Well Foundation:

In addition to the self weight and buoyancy, it carries the

dead load of superstructure, bearing and piers and
subjected to the following horizontal forces:
(i) Braking effort of the moving vehicle.

(ii) Force due to the resistance of bearings against movement due to

temperature variations.

(iii) Force of water current

(iv) Seismic forces

(v) Wind force

(vi) Earth pressure.