Components

Lead screw

A lead screw also known as a power screw[ or translation screw, is a screw used as a linkage
in a machine, to translate turning motion into linear motion.

Advantages:

1. Large load carrying capability

2. Compact

3. Simple to design

4. Easy to manufacture; no specialized machinery is required

5. Large mechanical advantage

6. Precise and accurate linear motion

7. Smooth, quiet, and low maintenance

8. Minimal number of parts

9. Most are self-locking

The disadvantages are that most are not very efficient. Due to the low efficiency they cannot
be used in continuous power transmission applications. They also have a high degree of
friction on the threads, which can wear the threads out quickly. For square threads, the nut
must be replaced; for trapezoidal threads, a split nut may be used to compensate for the wear.
DC Motor
A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machines that converts direct current
electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most common types rely on the forces
produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism,
either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current flow in
part of the motor.DC motors were the first type widely used, since they could be powered
from existing direct-current lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's speed can be
controlled over a wide range, using either a variable supply voltage or by changing the
strength of current in its field windings. Small DC motors are used in tools, toys, and
appliances.

Ball Bearings

Ball bearings, as shown below, are probably the most common type of bearing. They are
found in everything from inline skates to hard drives. These bearings can handle both radial
and thrust loads, and are usually found in applications where the load is relatively small. In a
ball bearing, the load is transmitted from the outer race to the ball, and from the ball to the
inner race. Since the ball is a sphere, it only contacts the inner and outer race at a very small
point, which helps it spin very smoothly. But it also means that there is not very much contact
area holding that load, so if the bearing is overloaded, the balls can deform or squish, ruining
the bearing.

Sliding Door

Sliding doors move along metal, wood, or vinyl tracks fitted into their frames at the top and
bottom. To ease their movement, sliding doors often have hexagonal Nut attached to the top
and bottom or to the bottom and connected to lead screw.
IR Sensor

An infrared sensor is an electronic device that emits in order to sense some aspects of the
surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the motion.
These types of sensors measures only infrared radiation, rather than emitting it that is called
as a passive IR sensor.

BC547 IC

BC547 is an NPN bi-polar junction transistor. A transistor, stands for transfer of resistance, is
commonly used to amplify current. A small current at its base controls a larger current at
collector & emitter terminals.

Single channel relay

A relay is an electrically operated device. It has a control system and (also called input circuit
or input contactor) and controlled system (also called output circuit or output cont actor). It is
frequently used in automatic control circuit.

AC adapter

An AC adapter, AC/DC adapter, or AC/DC converter is a type of external power supply,

most AC/DC adapters were linear power supplies, containing a transformer to convert the
mains electricity voltage to a lower voltage, a rectifier to convert it to pulsating DC.

Working principle
A garage door opener is a motorized device that opens and closes garage doors controlled by
switches on the garage wall.

There are five types of garage door openers:

1. Chain drive openers have a chain (similar to a bicycle's) that connects the trolley to
the motor.
2. Belt drive openers use a rubber belt in place of a chain.
3. Screw drive openers have a long screw inside the track. The trolley connects to this
screw.
4. Direct drive openers have the motor installed inside the trolley and use a gear wheel
to guide the trolley along a fixed chain.
5. Jackshaft openers mount on the wall at either end of the torsion bar.

When 12 V DC supply connected, the IR sensor is activated. Then the IR sensor detected the
object the motor rotates and actuated the lead screw. The sliding door is connected to the lead
screw with the help of two hexagonal nuts now the rotary motion converts into linear motion
they will be opened.

During closing, the sensor senses another object and the process doing reversed.

APPLICATIONS:

Inventory management.

Controlling access to confined areas.

Personnel tracking.

Supply chain management.

pharmaceutical industry

Project Planning

The main objective of this project is to develop an Automatic Door opening system using IR
sensors which will reduce the need of manual labor.

According to our project requirements, the following modules are essential.

Power supply

2 channel relay module

Motor

IR sensors

Lead Screw

Advantages:

Large load carrying capability

Compact

Simple to design

Easy to manufacture; no specialized machinery is required

Large mechanical advantage

FEATURES:

The automatic deduction of payment while using toll booths;

Building access systems;

Payment cards, student ID cards and even Passports

Wireless sensors & mesh networks

The keys to unlock your car door.

Reference

1. WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY - R P Kiran

2. Basic Electronics by D.P. Kothari
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sliding_door
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadscrew
Components Required & Analysis or Bill of materials

S.No. Component Quantity Specification

1 Angle Rod 4 900mm
2 Square Rod 6 600x25x25mm
3 Lead screw 1 12mm
4 Bearing 1 12mm
5 Hex Nut 2 M12
6 Sliding door 1 17 X21cm
7 IR Sensor 2 10cm range
8 BC547 IC 1
9 12v DC 1 2amp

COST ESTIMATION OF THE PROJECT

Material Machine &

SL.No Name of part Material Unit total
cost(raw) assly. cost

1 Angle Rod 45/kg 2feet 90

2 Square Rod 75/kg 10feet 187.5

3 Lead screw metric thread 50 12mm 50

4 Bearing 80 80
5 Hex Nut 25 25

6 Sliding door 230 17*21 cm 230

Fabrication
7 1200
cost

8 IR Sensor 250 2feet range 250

9 BC547 IC 300 300

10 12v DC 180 2amp 180

11 DC motor 30R 450 450

Circuit
12 3000
cost

13 Trasnport expenses 500 500

Total Cost 6542.5