COURSE CE 6133 - DESIGN OF WOOD STRUCTURES DATE

SUBJECT DESIGN VALUES & ADJUSTMENT FACTORS MODULE

LECTURE # 04
03

P
Actual Stress in Total Service Load
the member
P
ft 5
A A

Adjusted Design Value

Check; ft � F t�
P

Ft� = Ft X (product of adjustment factors)

Design Values
From Tables

Ft : Includes the Safety Factors

REFERENCE DESIGN VALUES

Symbol for Symbol for

reference adjusted ASD
Design value design value design value

Bending stress Fb F�b

Tension stress parallel to grain Ft F�t
Shear stress parallel to grain Fv F�v
Compression stress perpendicular to grain Fc⊥ F�c⊥
Compression stress parallel to grain Fc Fc�
Modulus of elasticity E E�
Modulus of elasticity for stability calculations Emin F�min
COURSE CE 6133 - DESIGN OF WOOD STRUCTURES DATE

SUBJECT DESIGN VALUES & ADJUSTMENT FACTORS MODULE

LECTURE # 04
03

DESIGN VALUE TABLES FOR DIMENSION LUMBER

Table 4A. Reference Design Values for Visually Graded Dimension Lumber
(2–4 in. thick) (All Species except Southern Pine)
Table 4B. Reference Design Values for Visually Graded Southern Pine Dimension
Lumber (2–4 in. thick)
Table 4C. Reference Values for Mechanically Graded Dimension Lumber
Table 4F. Reference Design Values for Non-North American Visually Graded
Dimension Lumber (2–4 in. thick)

DESIGN VALUE TABLES FOR TIMBER

Table 4D. Reference Design Values for Visually Graded Timbers (5x5 in and
larger)

DESIGN VALUE TABLES FOR DECKING

Table 4E. Reference Design Values for Visually Graded Decking

SIZE CLASSIFICATIONS
Nominal dimensions
Symbol Name Thickness Width Examples of sizes

LF Light Framing 2 to 4 in. 2 to 4 in. 2 X 2, 2 X 4, 4 X 4

and
SLF Structural Light
Framing
SJ&P Structural Joist 2 to 4 in. 5 in. and wider 2 X 6, 2 X 14, 4 X 10
and Plank
Stud 2 to 4 in 2 in. and wider 2X 4, 2 X 6, 4 X 6
(lengths limited to
10 ft and shorter)
∗
Decking 2 to 4 in. 4 in. and wider 2 X 4, 2 X 8, 4 X 6
B&S Beams and 5 in. and More than 2 in. 6 X 10, 6 X 14, 12 X 16
Stringers thicker greater than
thickness
P&T Posts and 5 in. and Not more than 6 X 6, 6 X 8, 12 X 14
Timbers thicker 2 in. greater than
thickness
∗Decking is normally stressed about its minor axis. In this book, all other bending members are
assumed to be stressed about the major axis of the cross section, unless otherwise noted.
COURSE CE 6133 - DESIGN OF WOOD STRUCTURES DATE

SUBJECT DESIGN VALUES & ADJUSTMENT FACTORS MODULE 04

LECTURE # 03

ADJUSTMENT FACTORS (NDS Pg. 27)

Wet Service Factor CM

* Values in the Tables in the Supplement are for dry (C M < 19%)
conditions.
* If prolonged moisture (CM > 19%) is expected than design values
should be adjusted.
* Cm values are provided at the beginning of each table in the
Supplement.
COURSE CE 6133 - DESIGN OF WOOD STRUCTURES DATE

SUBJECT DESIGN VALUES & ADJUSTMENT FACTORS MODULE 04

LECTURE # 03

SAMPLE FOR TABLE 4A ONLY

Wet Service Factors, CM

Fb Ft Fv Fc⊥ Fc E and Emin
0.85* 1.0 0.97 0.67 0.8** 0.9
* when (Fb)(CF) ≤ 1,150 psi, CM = 1.0
** when (Fc)(CF) ≤ 750 psi, CM = 1.0
LOAD DURATION FACTOR CD
* Reference design values in the supplement are for normal
durations (10 years; floor live loads)
* Strength for shorter duration loads will be greater than
normal duration strength.
Shortest duration load in combination CD

Dead load 0.9

Floor live load 1.0
Snow load 1.15
Roof live load 1.25
Wind or seismic force 1.6
Impact 2.0
COURSE CE 6133 - DESIGN OF WOOD STRUCTURES DATE

SUBJECT DESIGN VALUES & ADJUSTMENT FACTORS MODULE 04

LECTURE # 03

NOTE: 1. Check all Code-required load and force

combinations. 2. The CD associated with the shortest
duration load or force in a given combination is used to
adjust the reference design values. 3. The critical
combination of loads and forces is the one that requires
the largest-size structural member.

SIZE FACTOR CF

Dimension Lumber

SOUTHERN PINE (Table 4B)

Size Factor, CF
Appropriate size adjustment factors have already been
incorporated in the tabulated design values for most thick-
nesses of Southern Pine and Mixed Southern Pine dimen-
sion lumber. For dimension lumber 4" thick, 8" and wider
(all grades except Dense Structural 86, Dense Structural
72, and Dense Structural 65), tabulated bending design
values, Fb, shall be permitted to be multiplied by the size
factor, CF = 1.1. For dimension lumber wider than 12"
(all grades except Dense Structural 86, Dense Structural
72, and Dense Structural 65), tabulated bending, tension
and compression parallel to grain design values for 12"
wide lumber shall be multiplied by the size factor, CF =
0.9. When the depth, d, of Dense Structural 86, Dense
Structural 72, or Dense Structural 65 dimension lumber
exceeds 12", the tabulated bending design value,
Fb, shall be multiplied by the following size factor:

CF = (12/d)1/9
COURSE CE 6133 - DESIGN OF WOOD STRUCTURES DATE

SUBJECT DESIGN VALUES & ADJUSTMENT FACTORS MODULE 04

LECTURE # 03

OTHERS Check notes at the beginning

of the relevant reference
table. For Table 4A only

Size Factors, CF

Fb Ft Fc
Thickness (breadth)
Grades Width (depth) 2" & 3" 4"
2", 3", & 4" 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.15
Select 5" 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1
Structural, 6" 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1
No.1 & Btr, 8" 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.05
No.1, No.2, 10" 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0
No.3 12" 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0
14" & wider 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9
2", 3", & 4" 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.05
Stud 5" & 6" 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
8" & wider Use No.3 Grade tabulated design values and size factors
Construction, 2", 3", & 4" 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Standard
Utility 4" 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
2" & 3" 0.4 — 0.4 0.6

TIMBERS APPLIES to Fb ONLY

CF = (12/d)1/9
COURSE CE 6133 - DESIGN OF WOOD STRUCTURES DATE

SUBJECT DESIGN VALUES & ADJUSTMENT FACTORS MODULE 04

LECTURE # 03

REPETITIVE FACTOR Cr

Repetitive Member System:

1. Three or more parallel members of Dimension lumber or structural com­
posite lumber
2. Members spaced not more than 24 in. o.c.
3. Members connected together by a load-distributing element such as roof,
floor, or wall sheathing

If a member is part of repetitive member system then the

reference design values in the Supplement can be increased by
15%. (Cr =1.15)

FLAT USE FACTOR Cfu

*The reference bending stress values, Fb , is for strong axis bending

(load applied to narrow face).
*For weak axis bending (load applied to long face) , F b , should be
modified by Cfu.

INCISING FACTOR Ci

If member is incised for chemical treatment :

COURSE CE 6133 - DESIGN OF WOOD STRUCTURES DATE

SUBJECT DESIGN VALUES & ADJUSTMENT FACTORS MODULE 04

LECTURE # 03

TEMPERATURE FACTOR Ci

SEE APPENDIX C of NDS .

EXAMPLE
Determine the ASD reference and adjusted design values for the following mem­
bers and loading conditions. All members are No. 2 Hem-Fir and are fully braced
to prevent lateral-torsional buckling. Bending occurs about the strong axis.
a. Roof joists are 2 X 10 at 16 in. o.c. which directly support the roof sheathing.
Loads are (D + S).
b. A 6 X 14 carries an equipment load that can be considered a permanent load.
c. Purlins in a roof are 4 X 14 at 8 ft o.c. Loads are (D + Lr).
d. Floor beams are 4 X 6 at 4 ft o.c. Loads are (D + L). High-humidity conditions
exist, and the moisture content may exceed 19 percent.