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National Food Authority (Philippines)

Page issues

The Philippines' National Food Authority (Filipino: Pambansang Pangasiwaan ng Pagkain, abbreviated as
NFA), is an agency of the Philippine government under the Office of the President and Cabinet Secretary
(formerly under the Department of Agriculture) responsible for ensuring the food security of the
Philippines and the stability of supply and price of rice, the Philippines' staple grain.

National Food Authority

Pambansang Pangasiwaan ng Pagkain

National Food Authority (NFA).svg

Agency overview

Formed September 26, 1972

Headquarters North Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City

Agency executive

Jason Laureano Y. Aquino, Administrator

Parent agency Office of the Cabinet Secretary

Website www.nfa.gov.ph

History

See also

References

External links

Last edited 2 months ago by an anonymous user

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National Food Authority (Philippines)

Page issues

The Philippines' National Food Authority (Filipino: Pambansang Pangasiwaan ng Pagkain, abbreviated as
NFA), is an agency of the Philippine government under the Office of the President and Cabinet Secretary
(formerly under the Department of Agriculture) responsible for ensuring the food security of the
Philippines and the stability of supply and price of rice, the Philippines' staple grain.

National Food Authority

Pambansang Pangasiwaan ng Pagkain

National Food Authority (NFA).svg

Agency overview

Formed September 26, 1972

Headquarters North Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City

Agency executive

Jason Laureano Y. Aquino, Administrator

Parent agency Office of the Cabinet Secretary

Website www.nfa.gov.ph

History Edit

The National Food Authority was created through Presidential Decree No. 4 dated September 26, 1972,
under the name National Grains Authority, (NGA) with the mission of promoting the integrated growth
and development of the grains industry covering rice, corn, feed grains and other grains like sorghum,
mung beans, and peanuts. This decree abolished two agencies, namely, the Rice and Corn Board (RICOB)
and the Rice and Corn Administration (RCA) and absorbed their respective functions into the NFA. The
former was then regulating the rice and corn retail trade and was tasked to nationalize it within a target
date. The latter was marketed and distributed government low-priced rice especially during lean months.
In addition, the new agency was vested with additional functions aimed at developing post-harvest
systems and processes.

Among others, the NGA supported the paddy production program of the government referred to as the
Masagana’99 Program, which was geared toward rice self-sufficiency. It engaged in massive paddy
procurement at government support prices, and with limited volume, the country joined the family of
rice exporting countries from 1977 to 1981.

On January 14, 1981, Presidential Decree (PD) No. 1770 renamed the NGA and established the National
Food Authority (NFA), further widening the agency’s social responsibilities and commodity coverage to
include, in addition to grains, other food items like raw or fresh fruits and vegetables and fish and
marine, manufactured, processed, or packaged food products, and these were collectively referred to as
non-grains commodities. This law was the basis of the Kadiwa stores or government retail stores, which
sold low-priced basic food and household items which were established within the National Capital
Region and in all the provinces of the Philippines.

On May 31, 1985, Executive Order No. 1028 provided for the deregulation of NFA’s non-grains marketing
activities, specifically terminating NFA’s non-grains trading activities, returning feedgrains and wheat
importation to the private sector, and lifting price controls on rice and corn. As such, at the end of 1986,
all the Kadiwa Stores had sold or closed.

Today, the National Food Authority is charge with ensuring the food security of the country and the
stability of supply and price of the staple grain-rice. It performs these functions through various activities
and strategies, which include procurement of paddy from individual farmers and their organizations,
buffer stocking, processing activities, dispersal of paddy and milled rice to strategic locations and
distribution of the staple grain to various marketing outlets at appropriate times of the year.
In recent years, in response to globalization and to the efforts to reduce the national budget deficit, the
government has been looking into the possibility of restructuring, streamlining or privatizing certain
activities of the NFA.

On May 5, 2014, Executive Order No. 165 reassigned the National Food Authority and three other
agencies to the Office of the President, with oversight responsibilities for the four agencies given to
Francis Pangilinan in the newly created post of Presidential Assistant for Food Security and Agricultural
Modernization. Then-NFA administrator Orlan Calayag stepped down in what he described as a "courtesy
resignation" so that Pangilinan could appoint his own preferred candidate to head the NFA.[1][2]

On July 4, 2016, NFA was among the 12 agencies, formerly from the Office of the President reassigned to
the Office of the Cabinet Secretary, based on Executive Order #1 issued by President Rodrigo Duterte.[3]

See also

References

External links

Last edited 2 months ago by an anonymous user

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Orlan Calayag

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NFA

This is an abbreviation of a government agency.

Foreigners are stumped when they come across the phrase “NFA rice” in Philippine-related matters,
and then they come to our site and try to look up what it means in our online dictionary.

Pambansang Pangasiwaan ng Pagkain

National Food Authority

The NFA is an agency of the Philippine government under the Office of the President (formerly under
the Department of Agriculture). It is responsible for ensuring the country’s food security, as well as the
supply and price of rice, the staple grain of the Philippines.

To put it in an indirect way, the antonym of “NFA rice” could well be called premium rice or
commercial rice. Bluntly speaking, it’s “cheap” rice.

Examples of what is not NFA rice: Sinandomeng, Dinurado, Wagwag, Milagrosa...

....

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NFA, in Restrospect

The National Food Authority was created through Presidential Decree No. 4 dated September 26,
1972, under the name National Grains Authority, (NGA) with the mission of promoting the integrated
growth and development of the grains industry covering rice, corn, feed grains and other grains like
sorghum, mongo, and peanut. This decree abolished two agencies, namely, the Rice and Corn Board
(RICOB) and the Rice and Corn Administration (RCA) but absorbed their respective functions. The
former was then regulating the rice and corn retail trade and was tasked to nationalize it within a
target date. The latter was in-charged of marketing or distribution of government low-priced rice
especially during lean months. In addition, the new agency was vested additional functions aimed at
developing the grains post-harvest systems and processes.

Among others, the NGA supported the paddy production program of the government referred to as
the Masagana’99 Program, which was geared toward rice self-sufficiency. It engaged in massive paddy
procurement at government support price(s), and at limited volume the country joined the family of
rice exporting countries from 1977 to 1981.

On January 14, 1981 Presidential Decree (PD) No. 1770 was issued which reconstituted the NGA into
what is now the National Food Authority (NFA). This decree, widened the agency’s social
responsibilities and commodity coverage to include, in addition to grains, other food items like raw or
fresh fruits and vegetables and fish and marine, manufactured, processed, or packaged food products,
and these were collectively referred to as non-grains commodities. This law was the basis of the
Kadiwa chain of stores or government retail stores, which sold low-priced basic food and household
items which were established within the National Capital Region and in all the provinces of the
country.
On May 31, 1985, Executive Order No. 1028 was issued and provided for the deregulation of NFA’s
non-grains marketing activities. This resulted in the termination of NFA’s non-grains trading activities
and the return of feedgrains and wheat importation to the private sector as well as the lifting of price
controls/ceilings on rice and corn. As such, at the end of 1986, all the Kadiwa Stores had been
devolved to the private sector and /or closed.

Today, the National Food Authority is vested the functions of ensuring the food security of the country
and the stability of supply and price of the staple grain-rice. It performs these functions through
various activities and strategies, which include procurement of paddy from individual bonafide
farmers and their organizations, buffer stocking, processing activities, dispersal of paddy and milled
rice to strategic locations and distribution of the staple grain to various marketing outlets at
appropriate times of the year.

In the last five years or so, in response to the initiatives on globalization, and as part of the efforts to
trim the national budgetary deficit, the government has been looking into the possibility of
restructuring, streamlining or privatizing certain activities of the NFA.

For this purpose, there were several bills filed in Congress designed to make NFA more relevant to the
needs of the times including one that was crafted by the NFA community. The different versions of the
bill had been consolidated into one and was already drafted by a joint committee of the upper and
lower House of Congress.

PHILIPPINE STANDARD TIME

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Corporate Governance

Philippine National Trade Repository

Rice Issues Q&A

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International Rice Research Institute

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About NFA

Today, the National Food Authority is vested the functions of ensuring the food security of the country
and the stability of supply and price of the staple grain-rice. It performs these functions through
various activities and strategies, which include procurement of paddy from individual bonafide
farmers and their organizations, buffer stocking, processing activities, dispersal of paddy and milled
rice to strategic locations and distribution of the staple grain to various marketing outlets at
appropriate times of the year.

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Rice production in the Philippines

Page issues

Rice paddies in Santa Maria, Bulacan.

Rice production in the country of Philippines is important to the food supply in the country and
economy. The Philippines is the 9th largest rice producer in the world, accounting for 2.8% of global rice
production.[1] The Philippines was also the world's largest rice importer in 2010.[2]

2015 Annual Rice Production of Philippine provinces.

Rice production

History

See also

References

Last edited 7 months ago by Kku

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Agriculture in Bangladesh

Agriculture in the Philippines

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Rice production in the Philippines

Page issues
Rice paddies in Santa Maria, Bulacan.

Rice production in the country of Philippines is important to the food supply in the country and
economy. The Philippines is the 9th largest rice producer in the world, accounting for 2.8% of global rice
production.[1] The Philippines was also the world's largest rice importer in 2010.[2]

2015 Annual Rice Production of Philippine provinces.

Rice production Edit

Geography of production Edit

Rice is the most important food crop, a staple food in most of the country. It is produced extensively in
Luzon, the Western Visayas, Southern Mindanao, and Central Mindanao. [3]

Total production Edit

In 2010, nearly 20.7 million metric tons of palay (pre-husked rice) were produced.[4] In 2010, palay
accounted for 21.86% percent of gross value added in agriculture and 2.37% of GNP. [5]

History Edit

The Nagacadan Rice Terraces, Ifugao Province.

Historically, the per hectare rice yields in the Philippines have generally been low in comparison with
other Asian countries.[3]

The Green Revolution Edit

Further information: Green Revolution

Since the mid-1800s yields have increased substantially as a result of the cultivation of high-yielding rice
varieties developed in the mid-1960s at the International Rice Research Institute located in the
Philippines. The proportion of "miracle" rice in total output rose from zero in 1965-66 to 81 percent in
1981-82.[3] Average productivity increased from 1.23 metric tons per hectare in 1961 to 3.59 metric tons
per hectare in 2009. [1]
This green revolution was accompanied by an expanded use of chemical inputs. Among farmers
surveyed in Central Luzon, the quantity of insecticide active ingredient applied per hectare increased
tenfold from 1966 to 1979, from less than 0.1 kilogram per hectare to nearly 1.0 kilogram per hectare. By
the mid-1990s, this figure had been cut in half. Since then, use has declined even more, and levels of
insecticide use are now slightly below what they were before the Green Revolution began.

Growth of irrigation Edit

The government also undertook a major expansion of the nation's irrigation system. The area under
irrigation grew from under 500,000 hectares in the mid-1960s to 1.5 million hectares in 2009, almost half
of the potentially irrigable land.[4]

In the 1980s rice production encountered problems. Average annual growth for 1980-85 declined to a
mere 0.9 percent, as contrasted with 4.6 percent for the preceding fifteen years. Growth of value added
in the rice industry also fell in the 1980s. Tropical storms and droughts, the general economic downturn
of the 1980s, and the 1983-85 economic crisis all contributed to this decline.[3]

Crop loans dried up, prices of agricultural inputs increased, and palay prices declined. Fertilizer and plant
nutrient consumption dropped 15 percent. Farmers were squeezed by rising debts and declining income.
Hectarage devoted to rice production, level during the latter half of the 1970s, fell an average of 2.4
percent per annum during the first half of the 1980s, with the decline primarily in marginal, nonirrigated
farms. As a result, in 1985, the last full year of the Marcos regime, the country imported 538,000 tons of
rice.[3]

The situation improved somewhat in the late 1980s, and smaller amounts of rice were imported. In 1990
the country experienced a severe drought. Output fell by 1.5 percent, forcing the importation of an
estimated 400,000 tons of rice.[3]

See also

References

Last edited 7 months ago by Kku

RELATED ARTICLES
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A project of

CGIAR-GRISP-LOGO

Philippines

philippines

Basic Statistics

Scroll right for more ->

Element

1961

1962

1963
1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988
1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013
2014

Arable land (000 Ha)

4,901.00

4,880.00

4,860.00

4,840.00

4,820.00

4,800.00

4,760.00

4,730.00

4,700.00

4,670.00

4,644.00

4,700.00

4,750.00

4,800.00

4,850.00

5,000.00

5,100.00

5,150.00

5,200.00

5,228.00

5,220.00

5,240.00

5,260.00
5,280.00

5,350.00

5,400.00

5,420.00

5,440.00

5,460.00

5,480.00

5,487.00

5,435.00

5,385.00

5,335.00

5,285.00

5,235.00

5,185.00

5,135.00

5,085.00

5,034.00

4,984.00

4,935.00

4,970.00

5,120.00

5,005.00

5,155.00

5,290.00

5,450.00
5,500.00

5,300.00

5,450.00

5,580.00

5,590.00

Rice area (000 Ha)

3,179.19

3,161.32

3,087.45

3,199.67

3,109.18

3,096.12

3,304.00

3,332.15

3,195.83

3,195.00

3,332.29

3,194.15

3,527.75

3,632.49

3,674.04

3,641.38

3,601.70

3,560.70

3,636.81
3,459.13

3,442.83

3,239.63

3,140.67

3,221.77

3,402.61

3,402.91

3,255.90

3,392.67

3,497.28

3,318.72

3,424.96

3,237.00

3,282.40

3,651.53

3,758.70

3,951.14

3,842.27

3,170.04

3,999.84

4,038.08

4,065.44

4,046.32

4,006.42

4,126.65
4,070.42

4,159.93

4,272.89

4,459.98

4,532.30

4,354.16

4,536.64

4,689.96

4,746.08

4,739.67

Paddy yield (t/Ha)

1.23

1.25

1.24

1.25

1.31

1.32

1.38

1.33

1.71

1.75

1.60

1.44

1.46

1.55
1.66

1.80

2.01

2.03

2.11

2.21

2.30

2.63

2.32

2.43

2.59

2.72

2.62

2.64

2.70

2.98

2.82

2.94

2.87

2.89

2.80

2.86

2.93

2.70

2.95
3.07

3.19

3.28

3.37

3.51

3.59

3.68

3.80

3.77

3.59

3.62

3.68

3.84

3.89

4.00

Paddy Production (000 t)

3,910.10

3,966.98

3,842.86

3,992.40

4,072.64

4,094.02

4,560.70

4,444.66

5,464.08
5,578.40

5,324.88

4,609.50

5,158.90

5,615.26

6,112.04

6,542.61

7,254.39

7,211.62

7,684.80

7,646.49

7,910.74

8,533.73

7,294.91

7,828.88

8,805.60

9,246.79

8,539.85

8,970.92

9,458.77

9,885.00

9,673.26

9,513.00

9,434.21

10,538.05
10,540.64

11,283.57

11,268.96

8,554.82

11,786.60

12,389.40

12,954.90

13,270.65

13,499.90

14,496.78

14,603.00

15,326.71

16,240.19

16,815.55

16,266.42

15,772.32

16,684.06

18,032.42

18,439.41

18,967.83

Milled production (000 t)

2,608.04

2,645.98

2,563.19

2,662.93
2,716.45

2,730.71

3,041.99

2,964.59

3,644.54

3,720.80

3,551.69

3,074.54

3,440.98

3,745.38

4,076.73

4,363.92

4,838.68

4,810.15

5,125.76

5,100.21

5,276.46

5,692.00

4,865.70

5,221.86

5,873.34

6,167.61

5,696.08

5,983.60

6,309.00
6,593.30

6,452.07

6,345.17

6,292.62

7,028.88

7,030.61

7,526.14

7,516.40

5,706.07

7,861.66

8,263.73

8,640.92

8,851.52

9,004.43

9,669.35

9,740.20

10,222.92

10,832.21

11,215.97

10,849.70

10,520.14

11,128.27

12,027.62

12,299.09

Rice imports (000 t)

187.80

0.00

256.00

298.86

559.56

108.18

290.45

0.01

0.01

370.40

455.89

336.22

166.29

134.78

55.44

30.87

0.02

0.00

0.01

0.00

0.01

189.72

538.15

2.06

0.03
119.19

195.18

592.73

0.06

0.63

201.60

1.53

263.27

866.88

722.40

2,414.04

834.38

642.27

810.90

1,196.16

886.62

1,049.16

1,821.64

1,716.32

1,805.62

2,432.00

1,775.11

2,378.04

706.47

1,008.27
399.14

Rice exports (000 t)

0.05

0.04

0.09

0.09

0.03

0.02

1.05

36.66

0.55

1.24

0.50

4.68

3.38

0.00

0.02

14.93

47.84

165.29

260.93

82.27

0.35

40.40

2.86
0.06

0.02

111.59

0.00

16.00

0.00

10.01

35.10

0.00

0.04

0.29

0.22

0.01

0.00

0.13

0.11

0.20

0.07

0.61

0.82

0.16

0.17

0.40

0.23

2.01
Total rice consumption (000 t)

2,771.60

2,729.37

2,831.07

3,003.22

3,170.84

3,104.70

3,159.14

3,141.57

3,233.80

3,408.99

3,623.11

3,840.09

3,935.37

4,179.27

4,417.58

4,534.20

4,553.76

4,433.17

4,661.34

5,081.19

5,227.77

5,433.80

4,870.75

5,640.25
5,845.56

5,941.01

6,157.05

6,304.58

6,692.17

6,706.38

6,257.21

6,561.42

6,783.97

7,009.08

7,433.18

8,102.31

8,129.91

7,806.81

8,712.61

9,202.26

9,460.80

10,012.78

10,112.43

11,139.77

11,737.71

12,024.20

12,693.28

13,180.64

12,571.12
12,066.82

12,502.46

13,003.41

13,050.36

Fertilizer usage (NPK) (000 t)

14.53

18.10

19.14

18.22

23.49

22.19

24.81

31.41

43.23

43.07

44.98

41.11

54.43

59.42

46.78

53.74

51.10

60.53

65.83

63.89
61.23

65.95

69.10

50.09

53.02

72.19

89.62

92.74

97.76

107.13

81.61

92.99

105.01

112.50

113.23

140.74

156.07

122.38

146.27

145.92

156.79

146.36

172.77

159.85

152.16
138.56

159.31

104.97

120.15

151.83

128.93

110.73

71.51

Production

Year

Yield

Production

Area

Production

Area

Yield

1961

2014

5
0

5000

10000

15000

20000

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Highcharts.com

Imports and exports

Year

Values

Imports

Exports

1961

1984

2007

500

1000

1500
2000

2500

3000

Highcharts.com

Caloric intake (%/day) from rice relative to other sources

(%[kcal/capita/day])

846

865

1 288

148

113

280

187

130

93

233

974

917

Rice

Wheat

Maize

Meat

Others
1961

1981

2001

25

50

75

100

Highcharts.com

Protein intake (%/day) from rice relative to other sources

(%[g/capita/day])

14.8

22.5

3.8

7.6

2.5

6.2

11.3

21.9
21

Rice

Wheat

Maize

Meat

Others

1961

1981

2001

25

50

75

100

2011Maize: 4 g/capita/day(7%)

Highcharts.com

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General information

GNI per capita at PPP$, 2011: 4,140

Internal renewable water resources, 2011: 479 km3/year

Incoming water flow, 2011: 0 km3/year

Main food consumed, 2009: rice, fruits, vegetables, fish, meat, starchy roots, wheat, sugar and
sweeteners

Rice consumption, 2009-10: 123.3 kg milled rice per person per year

Production seasons
Planting

Harvesting

Wet, north

May-Jul

Oct-Dec

Dry, north

Jan-Mar

May-Jun

Wet, south

Oct-Dec

Mar-May

Dry, south

May-Jun

Nov-Dec

Write-up taken from the IRRI's Rice Almanac (2013):

The Philippines is an archipelago of some 7,107 islands located between 4° and 21° N latitude and 116°
and 127° E longitude. The country is bounded by the South China Sea to the west, the Pacific Ocean to
the east, the Sulu and Celebes seas to the south, and the Bashi Channel to the north.

It is divided into three main geographic areas: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The climate is tropical
marine, which is mainly moderated by the surrounding seas, with a November to April northeast
monsoon and a May to October southwest monsoon. Climate varies within the country because of the
mountainous topography. There are four general climatic types: (1) two pronounced seasons, dry from
November to April and wet the rest of the year (Central Luzon, western Visayas), (2) absence of a dry
period, but with maximum rains from November to January (eastern Luzon, eastern Visayas, and
northeastern Mindanao), (3) dry from November to February and wet the rest of the year (central
Visayas, western Bicol, northern Mindanao), and (4) more or less even rainfall distribution throughout
the year (central Mindanao).

The population of the Philippines has more than tripled since IRRI developed the first high-yielding
variety and released it in the mid-1960s. Back then, the population was only 32.7 million. The country’s
population surpassed 93 million in 2010, with about 313 per km². The population grew at 1.9% per year
for 2005-10, which was lower than the 2.4% for 1985-95. Urbanization has continued in recent years.
The proportion of the urban population increased from 57% in 2000 to around 65% in 2010.
Employment in the agricultural sector accounts for 31% of the about 39 million-person labor force.

The Philippines economy is vastly dependent on service and manufacturing. The country’s most vital
industries are food processing, textiles and garments, electronics, and automobile parts. It also has
substantial reserves of chromite, nickel, copper, coal, and recently discovered oil. The nation’s GDP rose
from $2,056 in 1995 to $3,952 in 2010. About 13% of GDP is contributed by the agricultural and fishery
sector.

In addition to rice, the Philippines produces other major crops such as sugarcane, coconut, banana,
pineapple, mango, coffee, maize, and cassava.

Recent developments in the rice sector

The Philippines is the world’s eighth-largest rice producer. Its arable land totals 5.4 million hectares. Rice
area harvested has expanded from nearly 3.8 million hectares in 1995 to about 4.4 million hectares in
2010. However, the country’s rice area harvested is still very small compared with that of the other
major rice-producing countries in Asia. More than two-thirds (69%) of its rice area is irrigated. The
country’s production increased by a third, from 10.5 million t in 1995 to 15.8 million t in 2010. Seventy-
one percent of rice production came from irrigated areas. Although yield improved from 2.8 t/ha in 1995
to 3.6 t/ha in 2010, it was still way below the yield potential of modern varieties.

Rice is a staple food for most Filipinos across the country. The nation’s per capita rice consumption rose
from 93.2 kg per year in 1995 to 123.3 kg per year in 2009. Similarly, per capita caloric intake from rice
rose from 917 kcal per day in 1995 to 1,213 kcal per day in 2009. Protein requirements from rice, on
average, increased from 29.7% in 1995 to 34.8% per person per day in 2009.
The Philippines imports about 10% of its annual consumption requirements. In 2010 and 2011, the
country was the biggest rice importer. Its rice imports amounted to 2.38 million t in 2010, mostly coming
from Vietnam and Thailand. Despite these imports, rice prices for consumers are some of the highest in
developing Asia (as are farm-gate prices for farmers). The high prices are enforced through an import
control by the National Food Authority (NFA), a government agency, which also procures paddy from
farmers at a government support price. The NFA is also involved in rice distribution by selling rice
through the agency’s licensed and accredited retailers/wholesalers in strategic areas at a predetermined
price.

Although rice is the main staple in the country, it is a highly political commodity. The Philippine rice
sector has always been the center of the government’s agricultural policies. The focal points of the
policies revolve around promoting rice self-sufficiency and providing high income to farmers while
making rice prices affordable to consumers.

One of the most significant programs of the government for the rice sector is “The Philippine rice master
plan 2009-13—enhancing provincial rice self-sufficiency.” This rice master plan envisions a 100% self-
sufficient rice economy by 2013 through improved rice productivity, and increased income of rice
farmers. This plan pursues location-specific interventions that can help farmers achieve higher yield. It
focuses on how interventions can improve productivity toward sufficient yield. These include
improvement of the effectiveness and efficiency of irrigation systems through rehabilitation; the use of
high-quality hybrid and inbred seeds and farmers’ varieties; integrated and sustainable crop
management technologies; the provision of soft loans for the establishment of shallow tube wells and
surface water pumps; and delivery of extension support services. Rice seed subsidy schemes for farmers
were implemented to acquire high-yielding varieties, including hybrid rice varieties.

The government also extends support for farm mechanization through its Rice Mechanization Program.
It aims to procure and distribute postharvest (drying and milling) units and on-farm machinery through a
financing scheme wherein the government shoulders a big part of the cost.

Rice environments

The major rice-producing parts of the country are Central Luzon (18.7%), western Visayas (11.3%),
Cagayan Valley (11%), Ilocos region (9.8%), SOCCSKSARGEN (7.5%), and Bicol region (6.8%).
SOCCSKSARGEN is a newly created region in central Mindanao comprising North Cotabato, Sarangani,
South Cotabato, and Sultan Kudarat provinces.
Almost 70% of the total rice area is irrigated and the remaining 30% is rainfed and upland. Much of the
country’s irrigated rice is grown on the central plain of Luzon, the country’s ricebowl. Rainfed rice is
found in the Cagayan Valley in northern Luzon, in Iloilo Province, and on the coastal plains of Visayas and
Ilocos in northern Luzon. Upland rice is grown in both permanent and shifting cultivation systems
scattered throughout the archipelago on rolling to steep lands.

Because of their higher profitability for farmers, modern high-yielding varieties account for the vast
majority of rice production, with less than 3% of production coming from traditional varieties. Labor use
on rice is lower than in many developing Asian countries at about 60 person-days/hectare/crop. Some of
the reasons for the relatively low labor use are the widespread use of direct seeding and the
mechanization of land preparation and threshing in many parts of the country.

Farm-level rice yields in the Philippines have grown in the last decade without a significant change in
inputs (fertilizer, herbicides) and crop establishment methods. This progress in rice yields could be
related to the use of good-quality seeds: hybrid and certified seeds. With strong partnership and support
from IRRI, the country recently released a rice variety for irrigated lowlands, the IRRI-bred Tubigan 18
(NSIC Rc222 or IRRI 154), which yields up to 10 t/ha and has an average of 6 t/ha, 12–13% higher than
that of the popular and widely used rice variety PSB Rc82, also bred by IRRI and known as IRRI 123. The
high-yielding Tubigan varieties are recommended for irrigated lowland areas but tests done nationwide
showed that they can also perform well in rainfed areas, particularly during the wet season.

The Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) has also recently produced one aromatic rice variety,
Mabango (NSIC Rc128), and four glutinous rice varieties: Malagkit 1 (NSIC Rc13), Malagkit 2 (NSIC Rc15),
Malagkit 3 (NSIC Rc17), and Malagkit 4 (NSIC Rc19).

Rice production constraints

Climate change, growing population, declining land area, high cost of inputs, and poor drainage and
inadequate irrigation facilities are the major constraints to rice production in the Philippines. Some of
these constraints are interrelated. Unabated conversion of some agricultural land to residential,
commercial, and industrial land reduces the area devoted to rice production, which leads to a shortage
in domestic supply.

Climate change and the vulnerability of crop production to drought and heavy rainfall, especially during
the typhoon season, severely affect production. The Philippines bears the brunt of typhoons coming in
from the Pacific Ocean. Successive heavy rains cause severe drainage problems in paddy fields, thus
resulting in a significant reduction in rice yield and quality. There is also concern about the deterioration
of irrigation systems at least partially because of a lack of funding for maintenance. Rainfed lowland rice
suffers from uncertain timing of the arrival of rains, and drought and submergence—often in the same
fields over the course of a single season or in different fields within a farm over the same season. Weeds,
drought, diseases (blast), acidic soils, and soil erosion are major problems of upland rice in the
Philippines. The high cost of inputs, particularly fertilizer, hinders farmers from applying optimal fertilizer
amounts to input-responsive high-yielding varieties.

Rice production opportunities

For the Philippines to become self-sufficient in rice, it has to adopt existing technologies such as
improved varieties and know-how to have yield increase by 1–3 t/ha. Better quality seed combined with
good management, including new postharvest technologies, is the best way to improve rice yields and
the quality of production.

Since current rice yield is way below the yield potential of most modern varieties, improved fertilizer use
and crop management, better irrigation facilities, and high-yielding varieties can boost the country’s rice
output. The main source of additional rice production is improved yield growth. However, the
government must implement a strategy to reduce population growth since the actual volume of rice
produced by the country is not enough to match rice demand because of the high increase in
population. If population growth will be higher than the growth in yield, the country will continue to
import rice from other countries to meet domestic demand for rice in the coming years.

Source: FAO’s FAOSTAT database online and AQUASTAT database online, as of September 2012.

Return to world map

If you want to learn more, please read the Rice Almanac. You can purchase it on Kindle or download for
free as a PDF.

In partnership with:
IRRI-logo logo-africarice CIAT-logo

About Ricepedia | Rice Almanac | Contact us | Legal notice

........

The process of rice production in philippines

pakganern (66) in agriculture • last year

Rice is the main and most important food for filipinos. and philippines is top 8 of the largest producer of
it. im going to show you the process of production of it.

Lets start first in propagation of the rice seeds.

Rice is propagated directly from seed and put on wet or dry soil seed beds.

Preparation of rice seed beds

After the process of preparing seed beds farmers start to put the rice seeds on it. in one hectares
approximate. 50-60 thousand seeds are good.
After two weeks the rice plant are ready for transplanting.

After the preparation of rice seeds lets go now in land preparation

Land preparation practices from zero tillage or mini tillage which minimizes soil disturbance through to a
totaly puddled soil which actually destroys soil shape/structure.

It typically involves plowing/dig-up/mix and overturn the soil. harrowing to break the soil structure into
smaller mass and incorporate plant residue

Mostly filipinos are using karabao on digging the soil.

Machine
Harrowing

After the land preparation lets start now for transplanting the weeds.

Dapog in philippine.

Farmers starts to plant the rice weeds in field.

the rice is allowed to grow and produce a 2nd crop.

It needs about 120 days of warm sunny weather to grow ,soil that can hold water, and there must be an
abundance of water to grow rice.

Rice after 1 month of planting.

2 months the flowers starts to grow.

3 months the grain change into yellow gold

four months it is ready for harvesting.

Farmers harvesting the rice.

we are using karit to cut it down.

After the harvest the rice plant will put on the treaser to separate the grain from grass
another way to separation that is called HAMPAS in our town.

the collected grain of rice will put into drying .

it will takes 2 or 3 days depends on the weather.

And now from drying to milling.

the hull is first removed leaving white rice inside . White rice is the result of gently removing the bran
layers to leave just the inner white grain.

There are 2 types of milling here in our country

1st is manual mortar and pallete

2nd is milling using machine.

I shoot some photos of milling using Machine method using my cellfone heres some pics

And now for storage. rice will put in the sack before it sold to market.

And now for market

Thats it i hope u enjoy my short info about our rice production. Please folloe @pakganern

Photos sources: [1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8:9]

agriculture philippines production food

last year by pakganern (66)$14.05

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cheetah (73) · last year

Hi! I am a content-detection robot. I found similar content by the same author:

https://steemit.com/agriculture/@pakganern/the-rice-production-in-philippines

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pakganern (66) · last year

Thats also my post. i just make a summarized of it

$0.00Reply

[-]

cebymaster (63) · last year

WOW! Thanks for sharing!

$0.00Reply
[-]

chrisdavidphoto (57) · 6 months ago

Ive always seen the planting from afar but never close up. Great post

$0.00Reply

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Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas (Peasant Movement of the Philippines)

Picture

Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas (KMP) is a democratic and militant movement of landless peasants,
small farmers, farm workers, rural youth and peasant women. It has effective leadership over a total of
1.3 million rural people with 65 provincial chapters and 15 regional chapters nationwide.

KMP is guided by the rich lessons of our mass campaigns and struggles. It unites with all oppressed and
exploited classes, and fights for the interests and aspirations of the entire Filipino people.

KMP continues to consolidate and defend its gains and victories while advancing the peasant struggle
against class exploitation and national oppression.

As a militant genuine peasant movement, the KMP struggles for the following:
A genuine agrarian reform program and national industrialization as the foundation for over-all economic
development;

A sovereign nation free from foreign domination and control, and defends the people's civil, political,
economic, social and cultural rights;

A comprehensive and pro-people social program that provides basic social and public services;

A genuine aquatic reform program that upholds the rights of small fisherfolk;

Promotion of peasant women rights and welfare that eradicates all forms of discrimination, exploitation
and oppression against women and children;

Respect for the right to ancestral lands and self-determination of indigenous peoples;

Protection of the rights to agricultural workers for fair and living wages, and safe and good working
conditions;

A nationalist, mass-oriented, scientific culture;

Science and technology for the people that serves a national economic program and promotes
sustainable agriculture and enviromental protection; and

Solidarity and support to the struggles of the peasantry and the people of the world against imperialism.

The farmers' united and militant assertion of their rights and interests is an effective strategy to confront
repulsively unequal class relations. KMP carries out painstaking organizing and education work among
the peasants as a requisite in building a strong democratic mass organization.

To fulfill its vision and mission, KMP employs various proven effective forms of struggle and massive
militant actions to uphold and protect the rights and interests of the peasants. KMP coordinates the
farmers' local struggles and campaigns at the national level. It is also linking up with movements and
organizations of workers and other sectors of society as well as with struggles and movements
internationally.

KMP also struggles for immediate economic relief for the peasants and builds economic organizations,
launches programs and projects such as livelihood and production, health, sanitation, disaster relief, and
technology-development projects.

KMP National Office

25-B Matiyaga St., Bgy. Central, Diliman, Quezon City

Telefax No. (632) 435-2383

Email address kmp@kilusangmagbubukid.org

Website www.kilusangmagbubukid.org / kilusangmagbubukid.weebly.com

KMP Regional and Provincial Chapters

Picture

STOP - EXPLOITATION Ilocos Region

STOP - EX Ilocos Norte

STOP - EX Ilocos Sur

STOP - EX Abra

STOP - EX La Union

DANGGAYAN - CV Cagayan Valley

KAGIMUNGAN - Cagayan

DAGAMI - Isabela

APIT - TAKO Cordillera

KMP - Benguet

KMP - Mt. Province

KMP - Ifugao

KMP - Kalinga

AMGL (KMP Central Luzon)

AMB - Bulacan

AMC - Pampanga
AMGL - NE Nueva Ecija

AMT - Tarlac

AMGL - Bataan

PAMANA - Aurora

TIMMAWA - Pangasinan

KASAMA - TK

(KMP Southern Tagalog)

KASAMA - Rizal

PUMALAG - Laguna

KAMAGSASAKA - KA Cavite

SAMBAT - Batangas

PIGLAS - Quezon

KASAMA - MO Oriental Mindoro

SAMAKAMI - Occidental Mindoro

KMP - Bikol

CNPO - Camarines Norte

DAMPA - Camarines Sur

KMP - Albay

SAMASOR - Sorsogon

KMP - Masbate

ABACA - Catanduanes

SAGUPA - SB (KMP Eastern Visayas)

NSSFA - Northern Samar

KAPASS - Eastern Samar

KAPAWA - Samar

KAGPAL - Leyte

KMP - Southern Leyte

PAMANGGAS - Panay

KMP - Aklan

FIFA - Iloilo

KAMACA - Capiz

KMP Central Visayas

KMP - Cebu

HUMABOL - Bohol

KAUGMAON - Negros Oriental

KMP - CARAGA

NAMASUN - Surigao del Norte

KAMASS - Surigao del Sur

UMAN - Agusan del Norte

NAMASUR - Agusan del Sur

KMP North Central Mindanao

MOFA - Misamis Oriental

KASAMA - Bukidnon
KMP - Lanao del Norte

KMP - Southern Mindanao Region

KMP - Davao del Norte / Compostela Valley

ALMASID - Davao Oriental

FADC - Davao City

KMP - North Cotabato

KMP - Western Mindanao Region

KMP - Zamboanga del Norte

AFUZ - Zamboanga del Sur

FARM - MO Misamis Occidental

KMP - SOCCSKSARGENDS

SOCOFA - South Cotabato

KAMASKU - Sultan Kudarat

BINHI - Saranggani Province

NAMADDS - Davao del Sur

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Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas (KMP)

Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas (KMP) is "a nationwide federation of Philippine organizations of

landless peasants, small farmers, farm workers, subsistence fisherfolk, peasant women and rural youth.
It has effective leadership over a total of 1.3 million rural people comprising roughly 9% of the Philippine
agricultural labor force. It has 65 provincial and 15 regional chapters nationwide. KMP carries out
painstaking organizing and education work among the peasantry as an important requisite to building a
strong and mass-based organization. It employs various forms of struggle ranging from simple court
actions and lobby work to mass mobilizations such as nationwide strikes and protest actions."[1]

According to the organization's website:

"Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas (KMP) is a democratic and militant movement of landless peasants,
small farmers, farm workers, rural youth and peasant women. It has effective leadership over a total of
1.3 million rural people with 65 provincial chapters and 15 regional chapters nationwide.

"KMP is guided by the rich lessons of our mass campaigns and struggles. It unites with all oppressed and
exploited classes, and fights for the interests and aspirations of the entire Filipino people.

"KMP continues to consolidate and defend its gains and victories while advancing the peasant struggle
against class exploitation and national oppression.

"As a militant genuine peasant movement, the KMP struggles for the following:

A genuine agrarian reform program and national industrialization as the foundation for over-all economic
development;

A sovereign nation free from foreign domination and control, and defends the people's civil, political,
economic, social and cultural rights;

A comprehensive and pro-people social program that provides basic social and public services;

A genuine aquatic reform program that upholds the rights of small fisherfolk;

Promotion of peasant women rights and welfare that eradicates all forms of discrimination, exploitation
and oppression against women and children;

Respect for the right to ancestral lands and self-determination of indigenous peoples;
Protection of the rights to agricultural workers for fair and living wages, and safe and good working
conditions;

A nationalist, mass-oriented, scientific culture;

Science and technology for the people that serves a national economic program and promotes
sustainable agriculture and enviromental protection; and

Solidarity and support to the struggles of the peasantry and the people of the world against imperialism.

"The farmers' united and militant assertion of their rights and interests is an effective strategy to
confront repulsively unequal class relations. KMP carries out painstaking organizing and education work
among the peasants as a requisite in building a strong democratic mass organization.

"To fulfill its vision and mission, KMP employs various proven effective forms of struggle and massive
militant actions to uphold and protect the rights and interests of the peasants. KMP coordinates the
farmers' local struggles and campaigns at the national level. It is also linking up with movements and
organizations of workers and other sectors of society as well as with struggles and movements
internationally.

"KMP also struggles for immediate economic relief for the peasants and builds economic organizations,
launches programs and projects such as livelihood and production, health, sanitation, disaster relief, and
technology-development projects."[2]

Contact

Resources and articles

Last edited on 6 June 2011, at 01:16

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Home Health & Fitness

Health & Fitness

Rice 101: Know and enjoy different kinds of PHL rice varieties

By BusinessMirror - November 9, 2016

VERY few local rice brands today can say with pure honesty that they offer a wide variety of freshly
milled home-grown and imported rice varieties that are GMO free, of high quality and consistently
available at affordable prices.

In Photo: (L-R Upper: Sinandomeng, Sinandomeng Special rice, Sinandomeng Whole Grain rice, Dinorado
Special rice, Thai Jasmine Rice, Japanese Rice, Intan Rice. L-R Bottom: Dinorado Regular, Long Grain,
Dinorado Special rice, Organic Brown rice, Organic Red rice, Laon (Old Crop) rice, and Thai Whole Grain
Premium rice.

In Photo: (L-R Upper: Sinandomeng, Sinandomeng Special rice, Sinandomeng Whole Grain rice, Dinorado
Special rice, Thai Jasmine Rice, Japanese Rice, Intan Rice. L-R Bottom: Dinorado Regular, Long Grain,
Dinorado Special rice, Organic Brown rice, Organic Red rice, Laon (Old Crop) rice, and Thai Whole Grain
Premium rice.

Gone are the days when customers simply buy rice from the wet market. With the changing times,
consumers now buy rice from supermarkets as they provide accurate weight, better storage translating
to fresher rice and flexible marketing schedule.

For customers who want to check what rice type matches their families’ preferences, Mrs. Lam defines
each one in the simplest way possible.

Mrs. Lam’s topseller “Dinorado Special” rice is 100 percent Philippine rice variety that is characterized by
its natural fragrant aroma, white, long grain, smooth, shiny and silky appearance. When cooked, it is
sweet and has a fragrant aroma. Cooked Dinorado rice is also soft, slightly sticky with a chewy texture.
Mrs Lam’s Dinorado rice has two variants of Dinorado rice; Dinorado Special which is 100 percent whole
grain and Dinorado, which has broken grains. Dinorado rice can be served as plain rice, fried rice, paella
or any rice dish.
Another popular Mrs. Lam Rice variant is the “Sinandomeng,” a traditional favorite , which is white and
long grain. Cooked Sinandomeng is soft, slightly chewy and fragrant specially when newly harvested.
The Mrs. Lam Sinandomeng variants are Sinandomeng Whole Grain, Long Grain, Sinandomeng Special,
Intan and Sinandomeng. The difference lies purely in the percentage of whole and broken grains.

hf05b-111016Mrs Lam’s Dinorado, Sinandomeng, Long Grain and Intan varieties are local from farms in
Nueva Ecija and Tarlac.

Laon or “old crop” refers to local rice milled from paddies that has been aged for at least a year from
harvest to lower moisture content, which in turn produces 33 percent more yield, in popular parlance
“maalsa.” As such cooking Laon rice needs at least two cups water to cook with one cup rice. Cooked
“Laon” rice is generally characterized as soft when cooked, rises higher than common rice, grains
areloose and fluffy thus best for fried rice. For rice to be firm in texture, reduce the amount of water.
Add more water if you want softer rice. Mrs Lam’s Laon rice is from Cagayan and Isabela.

Mrs Lam’s Organic Red and Brown Rice are organically grown by Full of Grace Organic Agriculture
Producers, an organization of small farmers, cooperatives and individual organic farmers strictly
supervised under the guidance and leadership of the Diocese of San Jose, Nueva Ecija thru Gratia Plena
Social Action Center who believe in natural and organic practices of producing healthy, organic, GMO
free food. The FOGOAP is supervised according to the Organic Agriculture and Processing Standards set
worldwide. Each farm undergoes rigid inspection and certification every cropping. Mrs Lam’s Organic Red
and Brown Rice are guaranteed 100 percent Organically grown in safe, natural and organic farms using
only organic inputs such as organic fertilizers, botanical extracts and nature’s life in the soil, free from
chemical fertilizers, insecticides and the like.

For health buffs, people trying to lose weight and diabetics, Mrs. Lam Rice Organic Brown and Red rice
are for you. Organically cultivated rice is better because it is free from residues of synthetic chemicals
including pesticides, hormones and chemical fertilizers as they are unpolished with its bran and side hull
intact thus providing it’s natural nutty flavor and texture. Organic Brown rice is a good source of fiber
and has lower glycemic index thus helps reduce insulin spikes. It is also rich in protein, thiamine, calcium,
magnesium, potassium.

Mrs Lam’s Organic Red Rice has the highest nutritional value compared to Organic Brown Rice and white
rice. Aside from being rich in fiber, Organic red Rice has anti-oxidant pigment, anthocyanin, which
reduces symptoms of inflammation, allergy relief, cancer prevention and weight loss management.
Organic Red rice is also rich in vitamin B, iron, calcium and zinc. Fiber aids in digestion, lowering
cholesterol and bowel movement. Vitamin B is present in all organ function and energy production.
Calcium promotes healthy bones, iron for blood supply and zinc for brain function. For health enthusiast
and people who are trying to lose weight, anemic, diabetic and heart patients, Mrs Lam’s Organic Red
rice provides a healthy staple given its low glycemic index.

Due to its organic nature, it is recommended that Mrs Lam’s Organic rice be stored in an airtight
container preferably in the refrigerator or a cool dry place away from the sun.

All local rice varieties are harvested twice a year around April-May and Septemberfrom farms in Nueva
Ecija and Tarlac, freshly milled using state-of-the-art rice polishing and advanced laser sorting machines
to ensure best quality rice at par with Thai standards.

Mrs Lam’s Thai Hom Mali Jasmine rice is guaranteed 100 percent authentic world renowned Thai Hom
Mali Rice carefully selected from the pollution free northeastern region in Thailand. Mrs Lam’s Thai
Jasmine rice is characterized by its natural fragrant aroma, white, thin, long grains, smooth, shiny and
silky in appearance. When cooked, Mrs Lam’s Thai Jasmine produces a very fragrant aroma. It is white,
soft, thin, long, fluffy and slightly chewy in texture. Mrs Lam’s Thai Jasmine rice is imported from the
producers of world renowned brands Golden Phoenix, Royal Umbrella and the like. Thai Hom Mali
Jasmine Rice is most fragrant when freshly harvested from November to February.

Mrs Lam’s Japanese variety rice or Japonica is guaranteed premium quality short grain variety (Oryza
Sativa). When cooked, it is characterized by its natural fragrant aroma, unique stickiness and chewy
texture. It’s grains are short, white, smooth, shiny and silky in appearance. Use Mrs Lam’s Japanese
variety rice with various Japanese preparations such as gohan(plain steamed rice), chahan(fried rice),
mochi(rice cake), rice rolls, sushi, and congee. It can also be used to cook risotto and paella dishes.

Mrs Lam’s Thai Whole Grain Premium Rice is long grain white rice from Thailand. Thai Premium rice is
preferred in households and restaurants as it is white, fluffy and whole when cooked.

Mrs Lam’s Malagkit, glutinous or sticky riceis a staple in Southeast Asian cuisine. It can be steamed or
boiled. Due to it’s lack of amylose, it is very sticky. Malgkit or Glutinous Rice thus can be used for congee,
Kiamping or Chinese Paella, and desserts like mango with sticky rice or native delicacies such as suman
and biko. It can also be mixed with Mrs Lam’s Dinorado rice to make sushi varieties.
Turning Points 2018

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Top 3 Most Popular Rice for Sale in the Philippines: Tipid Sulit in Bayan Mall

By admin@bayanmall.com in BayanMall, Lifestyle Trends, News on .

Rice for Sale in the Philippines

Kahit kaunting bigas man lang sana ay maambunan kami dito. Maawa naman sana ang mga taong
nakakapanood nito lalo na yung nasa gobyerno.

It’s undeniable that rice or ‘bigas’ as what we Filipinos call it has been an important part of our daily
meal. The line above was spoken by a typhoon victim just recently who appeared on national TV asking
for help and donations. As I noticed, almost all of them asked for a sufficient rice supply which seemed
to be never enough.

rice for sale in the philippines

Rice for Sale in the Philippines

Unlike other race and culture, we had it as a practice to eat meals together with several cups of rice to
satisfy our hunger and need for energy and strength. Thus, the rice production nowadays has been
affected by the growing global crisis and natural phenomena destroying great part of our country’s rice
fields. This created a shortage and increase in price amount all over the market. However, thanks to our
ever hardworking farmers and manufacturers for we still have the top 3 most popular rice for sale in the
Philippines up until now on a manageable fair price.

Sinandomeng Rice

First we have the ‘Sinandomeng’ rice which is the traditional favorite of every Filipino family. It has 3
types which are the ‘’special’, ‘fancy’, and ‘regular’. The fancy ‘Sinandomeng’ rice is also called as “laon”
meaning ‘old rice’. When cooked, the rice grain becomes fairly soft and ‘maalsa’. Unlike the commonly
bought by people, ‘Sinandomeng’ special rice gives a delicious aroma and taste after being cooked. Also,
its grains become soft and smooth. The last type is the regular one. It is the mixture of the two types
above which also appeals to the taste of the consumers.

Long Grain Rice

Next we have the “Long Grain Rice” which is mostly abundant in Asia. From the name itself, the length of
the grain of this type is longer up to 4 times as long as its width. Many say that this rice gives an
advantage to those who prefer a dry and fluffy rice meal. After cooking, the grain becomes firm and dry,
easily separated from the grains even from the container. The long grain rice is said o be much more
flavorful unlike the shorter one just like the famous brown rice sold in the market.

Dinorado Rice

Last but not the least is the “Dinorado” rice which is considered special among other types. In the
country, it is largely produced from the rice belt of North Cotabato, the Arakan Valley. Dinorado is nature
upland rice giving a pinkish grain, sweet aroma and soft fluffy texture. This rice has been a pride to their
province, leaving a mark to the rice industry. Not like the others, this is especially ought for special
occasions such as birthdays, weddings and fiestas of course because of its high eating and processing
quality.

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Today, Bayan Mall Online Shop is giving Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) the opportunity to buy their
family any of these top 3 most popular rice for sale in the Philippines. In a low cost, you can now simply
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>> Click Here to check out all our Rice for Sale in the Philippines.
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Philippine Food

A look at the food scene, cuisine, food products and produce of the islands

Tuesday, May 24, 2011

Philippine Rice Varieties

List of Rice Varieties in the Philippines

A few of the popular varieties found and sold in local markets:

Dinurado / Denorado

Intan

Milagrosa

Sinandomeng

Wag-Wag

C4 (UPLB C4-63G)

IR36

IR42
IR64

Some less known:

Angelica (NSIC Rc 122)

Apostol

Azmil

Azucena

Balatinao

Baysilanon

Bigante

Binirhen

Binicol

Binulawan

Bugos

Bunto Kabayo

Burdagol

Chayong

Davao

Delhlinla

Dinalaga

Dumali

Elon-elon

Ennano

Fortuna

Ginilingan Puti

Guinangang
Inadhica

Inuruban

Kalinayan

Kasungsung

Kinanda

Kinastano

Macan I

Macan Binundok

Macaraniag

Magilas

Magsanaya

Makapilay pusa

Mangarez

Masipag

Milbuen

Milfor

Milketan

Mimis

Palawan

Pampanga

PARC-2

Rinara

Rizalina

Santa Rita

Sigadis Milagrosa

Sinampablo
Sinampaga Selection

Smaguing

Taducan

Tinawon

Rice in the Philippines is called bigas when uncooked and kanin when cooked. Glutinous rice is referred to as
malagkit (sticky). Unmilled rice is palay. Rice is the staple food in the Philippines supplying about 35% of the
average Filipino's daily caloric intake. Aside from plain steamed rice, there are many Filipino rice recipes, rice
snacks and desserts. Even the water that has been used to wash rice, called hugas bigas, is sometimes called
for in Filipino recipes aside from other uses such as an electrolyte mixture to combat diarrhea and as a
fertilizer.

The history of Philippine rice farming dates back to antiquity and has left a legacy etched into the very fabric
of Filipino culture, perhaps most vividly manifest in the majestic Philippine rice terraces carved into the rocks
of the northern Philippines. They are symbolic both of the importance and difficulties faced in growing rice in
the country. While the Philippines is heavily reliant on rice, its mountainous terrain is not well-suited to rice
cultivation placing obstacles to Philippine rice production. This and its fast growing population have
contributed in making the country the largest rice importer in recent years, despite being the eighth largest
rice producer. With Philippine rice shortages and rising world rice prices, food security is a concern driving
rice research into high-yield rice and tougher more resistant hybrid rice varieties in the Philippines.

There are many different strains of rice—the International Rice Genebank is reputed to hold over 112,000
different specimens of rice varieties from all over the world—but only a small fraction of these have the
requisite traits that make them attractive to plant commercially. In the Philippines there are indigenous
medium grain tropical japonica ("javanica") varieties and long grain indica rice varieties.

Nomenclature

Traditional Filipino varieties of rice are referred to by their traditional names. Several institutions have been
involved in the development of rice varieties in the Philippines and their names are sometimes referenced in
the designation of rice species, especially those of older rice varieties. Rice varieties with designations
starting with IR such as IR64 were bred by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI); UPL or UPLB refers
to the University of the Philippines, Los Baños; and BPI refers to the Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of
Agriculture Philippines. The Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) is another branch of the Department
of Agriculture involved in developing rice in the country.
The release of rice varieties in the Philippines became more systematized over the years with the Philippine
Seed Board (PSB), now the National Seed Industry Council (NSIC), eventually empowered to conduct the
releasing process. The NSIC tests seeds submitted to it and then formally releases those which pass its
criteria giving them a designation that was earlier in the form PSB Rc, but has now changed to NSIC Rc. This
coding practice has been in use since 1990 and applies to newer rice varieties. Rice varieties most suitable for
lowland areas are even numbered while those considered best for upland areas are designated with odd
numbers. More conventional names are often associated with the PSB technical code, with names of rivers
and lakes being applied to the lowland varieties and names of mountains for those for upland use.
Sometimes popular names given by Philippine rice farmers have been adopted.

More recently the NSIC naming code has dropped the usage of names of bodies of water and mountains and
has instead adopted the descriptive terms Japonica, Mabango, Malagkit, Matatag, Mestiso, Sahod Ulan,
Salinas, Submarino, and Tubigan to refer to japonica, aromatic, glutinous, tungro-resistant, hybrid, rainfed
lowland, saline, flooded lowland, and irrigated lowland rice varieties respectively.

Notes

Aside from the usual long grain white rice, local brown rice, red rice, and black rice can be found in
supermarkets although wild rice (which is not properly a rice at all) is harder to find. Previously, rice sold in
local markets as often as not was badly milled with many sand and gravel particles or old rice husks mixed in.
This made it easy for imported foreign rice, mainly from Thailand but also Japan and the United States, to
develop a reputation for superior quality. Fortunately the local situation has improved dramatically in recent
years with a rise in milling standards. One is now better able to appreciate and compare the intrinsic qualities
of the local varieties of rice without being distracted by extraneous considerations. The focus in rice research
has also expanded to include more the factors that go into good table qualities and not just those that
increase rice yield resulting in new hybrid varieties for sale.

The general impression I have is that while imported rice varieties can often be more fragrant, very aromatic
rice tends to become spoiled (panis) more easily if left in the hot and humid climate of the country too long.
The table qualities are otherwise pretty comparable and a matter of personal preference.

Milagrosa: Miracle Rice Marketing?

For a long time I was under the impression the Thai rice being sold was a local variety because milagrosa, the
name of an aromatic traditional Philippine rice variety which also translates from Spanish as miracle or
miraculous ergo "miracle rice", was usually written in bold on the sacks of rice from Thailand. Further
confusing things was the use of the term "miracle rice" for the breakthrough IRRI variety IR8, a high yielding
rice variety resulting from the cross of the Indonesian peta with the Taiwanese semi-dwarf deegeowoogen
(DGWG) that is credited with ushering in a green revolution. I now suspect that the milagrosa labeling was
probably just a marketing ploy to appeal to Filipino rice consumers familiar with the Philippine milagrosa
variety. These days sacks of rice from Thailand have largely dropped the name milagrosa from their bags and
instead the term "jasmine rice" or Thai hom mali, which is from what I can gather possibly the variety of rice
used all along, is promoted.

Consulted sources conflict on whether milagrosa is an indica variety like most imported Thai rice or a tropical
japonica. My own experience with milagrosa rice from a Philippine supplier is that it has a greater tendency
to retain water and end up sticky leading me to think that it is a tropical japonica variety.

Common Market Varieties

Among local varieties, milagrosa has a high reputation going back many years. If going by price as an
indicator of quality, then of the common local premium varieties offered by a number of suppliers, milagrosa
is followed by dinurado which is generally more highly regarded than sinandomeng, which is then followed by
wag-wag, C4, and other unnamed varieties. To be truthful I'd have a hard time trying to distinguish between
them and would consider the supplier or brand a more important basis of differentiation. It may be just as
well. According to surveys conducted to determine the most popular varieties for rice planting, many of the
IRRI rice cultivars and those named by the NSIC composed the vast majority of rice planted. This would seem
to be at odds with the experience at market where a large proportion of rice supplied by Philippine rice
traders are labeled as popular traditional varieties.

More Rice

Other varieties of local rice not carried by multiple branded suppliers have become increasingly available for
Philippine rice buyers. Ifugao rice was purchased one time when it went on sale and was found to be good
quality and kept very well; the retail price almost doubled shortly after.

With more quality Philippine rice grains, Indian basmati rice joining the fray, and an increased interest in
alternative grains driven by health concerns about white rice, trying all the varieties of rice out instead of
sticking to one has become a more appealing option.
This while rice imports overall have declined because a substantial portion of imported rice was imported by
the government for food security. This rice is made available by the National Food Authority (NFA) with a lot
of the NFA rice sourced from Vietnam.

Brands

The rice available comes from a broad range of suppliers with most local brands having only spotty presence
across supermarkets. Brands found in one supermarket chain may be absent in another. In wet markets rice
is often taken out of the sack and sold per kilo with variety of rice instead of brand of producer being the
discriminating factor.

The following local brands have some consistency in presence:

Best Choice - Tantrik Trading - 2140 Onyx St., Sta Ana, Manila

Doña Maria - SL Agritech Corporation - sl-agritech.com

Golden Grains - R.E.F. Commercial Corp.

Harvester's - Sunnywood Corp. - sunnywoodrice.com

Highlands Rice - highlands_rice@yahoo.com

Ifugao Rice - Oliver Enterprises - Talavera, Nueva Ecija - oliverricemill@yahoo.com - 044-456-5001, 044-456-
0508, 0917-566-2249

Mrs. Lam - ECT Enterprises - Malaking Ambling, Magdalena, Laguna - 0922-838-8365 - ectent@yahoo.com

Vita-Rice - Golden Season Grains Center Inc. - Dadap, Luna, Isabela - gsgci.com - inquiry@gsgci.com - 0917-
530-9988

More information

About Rice. (n.d.). International Rice Research Institute (IRRI).

Bureau of Agricultural Statistics. (January 2012). Rice and Corn – Situation and Outlook Vol. 26 No. 1. ISSN-
2012-0346.
Castillo, Gelia T. (March 23, 2008). Rice production, population, and natural resources endowments. The
Manila Bulletin.

Dalrymple, Dana G. (1986). Development and Spread of High-Yielding Rice Varieties in Developing Countries.
Washington D.C.: Agency for International Development.

de Leon, John C. (2005). Rice that Filipinos Grow and Eat (Discussion Paper Series No. 2005-11). Philippine
Institute for Development Studies.

FAQs on Philippine Seedboard (PSB)/NSIC Rice Varieties. (April 28, 2010). Pinoy Rice Knowledge Bank.

Flores, Helen. (September 10, 2009). Rice varieties that can withstand drought, floods being developed. The
Philippine Star.

Garris, Amanda J., Thomas H. Tai, Jason Coburn, Steve Kresovich, and Susan McCouch. (January 16, 2005).
Genetic Structure and Diversity in Oryza sativa L. Genetics 169 (3) 1631–1638.

In 23 Years, PhilRice Bred 28 Rice Varieties. (November 22, 2008). Agriculture Business Week.

International Year of Rice 2004 – About Rice: Philippines. (2004). FAO.

Olsen, Kenneth M. and Michael D. Purugganan. (October 2002). Molecular Evidence on the Origin and
Evolution of Glutinous Rice. Genetics 162 (2) 941–950.

Peng et al. (March–April 2000). Grain Yield of Rice Cultivars and Lines Developed in the Philippines since 1966.
Crop Science, 40(2): 307–314.

Philippine Rice Research Institute. Department of Agriculture. (1997) Characteristics of Popular Philippine Rice
Varieties. Rice Technology Bulletin No. 19.

PhilRice Seed Stock – Seeds for Sale – All Varieties – Philippine Seedboard (PSB) / NSIC Varieties. (n.d.).
Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice).

Why Does the Philippines Import Rice? (July 12, 2011). International Rice Research Institute (IRRI).

Admin at 3:27 AM

Share

12 comments:

EchoFiveFoxOctober 30, 2013 at 10:27 AM

Could someone tell me what sort of Philippine Rice is closest in taste and quality to American Supermarket
Rice, namely Mahatma brand long grain white rice? I was raised in Manila but never paid attention to what
rice we were fed as kids. Then I moved to America and spent my entire young adulthood there, of course
shopping for myself. I've grown accustomed to expecting my rice to be long-grained, and come-out separated
and fluffy after cooking. Now that I'm back in Manila, I get into fights at home over what rice is bought,
usually "Sinandomeng". I find the grains too short to eat with a fork (that's right, not with a spoon) and too
sticky after being done in the rice cooker. I hate having to "carve out" the rice with the rice cooker spatula like
a mason pulling mortar out of a bucket. I want my rice "scoopable" with a wide spoon and be able to pour it
on my plate, just like it would be served in the dining hall when I was in the US military.

Reply

Replies

AdminNovember 3, 2013 at 3:48 AM

I am unfamiliar with the Mahatma extra long grain enriched rice specifically but according to Mahatma's
website it is a variety grown in the United States. I've bought some U.S. rice from Texas sold in local
supermarkets and noticed they tended to come out drier and more whole but personally found them to have
a tendency to not go down as easy. So you can try those U.S. imports. As I say in the above article I think
brand often is more important a consideration than rice variety and some brands selling jasmine Thai hom
mali rice, but not all, may fit your needs. If you want a Philippine cultivar the Ifugao rice found in some
supermarkets might be worth a shot. Some of the ambiguous long grain rice if packaged well, may be worth
trying too since they are probably newer rice cultivars bred for qualities you are seeking. Try looking at
transparent packages that allow you to see whole rice grains, a sign of good rice milling. I would avoid
milagrosa or dinorado varieties since they tend to be softer than sinandomeng. You'll probably need to go
through some trial and error.

Ariel LayugMay 29, 2015 at 11:03 AM

Mahatma long grain rice is basmati

EchoFiveFoxJuly 6, 2015 at 6:48 PM

Thanks. I suspected as much. I've tried the Wag-wag varieties and it's kinda close. I've also discovered
"California" rice sold only in SM Supermarkets, which price-wise is competitive with Basmati in closer stores.
Thing is, it's a pain to go to any SM because of the way they poorly placed their malls. Lousy Urban Planning
on display there.
Reply

UnknownMay 5, 2014 at 1:33 AM

What is the best I can plant in guimeras got 1 he ricefield but I am a beginner What about tubigan 24 and
where can I buy that seed ? Or you have a better sugestion L.Peters.

Reply

Replies

AdminMay 5, 2014 at 12:09 PM

You might want to try looking at the government PhilRice website (not the fake one set up by someone else)
or visit the Pinoy Rice Knowledge Bank website. Those sites may be in a better position to address your needs.

UnknownAugust 18, 2016 at 10:51 PM

Hi Admin, I would like to ask If where can I sell our Isabela black rice variety around Metro Manila. Thanks.

Reply

Rajesh SarvarajuSeptember 15, 2014 at 1:17 AM

Can someone tell me How is the demand for IR64 raw rice?At what price are you buying 5kg, 25 kg rice bags
in philippines

Reply

Rolan BaliwawaDecember 16, 2014 at 6:41 PM

Thank you so much for posting this information's regarding on Rice in the Philippines. This help a lot on my
thesis as a college student here at Benguet State University. Thank you so much!
Reply

Rolan BaliwawaFebruary 28, 2015 at 9:59 PM

Sir may i know the name of the author from this because I need it for my Literature Cited on my thesis.

Reply

Ed SpiessNovember 20, 2016 at 1:10 PM

Had a white rice with a red stripe 30 years ago near northern Mindanao. Don't know the name, can anybody
help me find some?

Reply

janakiramaiah DJuly 7, 2017 at 2:07 AM

Hi guys i am from India i want high yield rice varities from across the globe to produce in India for indian
formers community, kindly help me in finding varities of paddy ( Rice) harvesting duration 100 to 150 Days
which can fit into Indian climatic conditions. please mail me on mailjrd@gmail.com.This has been initiated to
help former community of my country only no commercial Intrest.

we are also in need of healthy vegitebles and fruits seeds.

Mr. janakiramaiah D,

cell no :+91 9986954823

Reply

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