Sht.

1/3

GUIDE-LINE AND CHECK LIST FOR RELEASE OF

“BILL OF MATERIALS’ BY ENGINEERIG”

While issuing “Bill of Material (s)” against respective order, it is to be ensured that, all
the technical datas of job specifications are taken care into considerations.

For the standard items (s) hardware (s); reference (s) are already existing in the record
for which additional details are not necessary. In the remark colmn, indicate the same
as standard item. However, if a special kind of requirements exists then, technical datas
to be made available in the form of data sheets.

Upon finalization of equipment items datas/technical specifications used in the fire

protection package, detailed BOM should be released with max. Inputs as available.

As you are aware of that, there are many such items for which advance planning’s to be
made for procurements, and hence “Engg Dept.” must provide the requirements based
on the nature of job and lead time for system drawing(s) approvals appropriately so as
to meet exact supplies under respective jobs.

Therefore, BOM, which is to be released, shall include the maximum details for ease of
procurements.

Following check list provides a guide to ensure that, required items/hardware and their
accessories are properly listed in the “Bill of material’.

Check and ensure the following item(s)/accessories are included in BOM

Fire Pump House:

1. Capital items to be listed separately such as pumps, motors, and diesel engines etc.

2. Base frames, couplings, foundation-bolts etc are listed separately.

3. Fuel oil tank, supporting accessories, instruments on F.O. tank etc.

4. All the types and sizes of isolation valve, matching flanges, bolts and nuts, gaskets
etc.

5. Priming tank, piping and valves for priming etc.(If applicable)

Page 1 of 31
6. Various instruments such as pressure switches, pressure gauges, level switch, level
gauge, flow switches etc.

7. Diesel engine cooing piping and its valves and accessories.

8. Isolation valve for instruments.

9. Hydropenumatic tank, associated valves, instruments including foundation

accessories etc.

10. Various control panels in fire pump house including control and power cable
requirements.

11. Push button units for individual pump sets.

12. Structural materials for various pipe supports.

13. Exhaust piping and insulation rope (for diesel engines).

14. Batteries for diesel engines including their housing.wooden boxes.

Hydrant system:

1. Matching flanges nut bolts gaskets for hydrant valves.

2. Matching flanges, nut bolts, studs, gaskets for isolation valves in system piping.

3. Wrapping and Coating material for underground piping.

4. C.I/Chegquored plates for valve chambers including angle frames.

5. Structural/ guides for A/G pipe supports.

6. Blind flanges

7. Hose box fixing/supporting structural material.

8. Hose coupling of hose.

9. Primer and paints for A/ground piping.

10. Hose reel drum, hose reels; shut off nozzles and its fixing accessories (if applicable).

11.Structural requirements of hose house such as doors, angles, rods etc.

Page 2 of 31
Spray Systems:

1. Same as (I) to (6) of hydrant system.

2. Deluge valve matching flanges, nut-bolts, gaskets etc.

3. Deluge valve trim kits as applicable.

4. Water motor gong; solenoid valve, instruments (pressure switch, pressure gauge)

5. Dry pilot actuators, air header tap-off valve, pressure reducing/air filter regulators
etc. (As applicable)

6. Deluge valve upstream wet detection tapping such as isolation globe valve, strainer.

7. System drain valve.

8. Pylon supports including detection pipe bracings, U-bolts, gaskets etc.

9. Spray system piping network break flanges including nut bolts gaskets etc.

10. Primer and paint requirement of AG piping

**********

Page 3 of 31
 GUIDE LINES FOR FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM DESIGN

HYDRANT SYSTEM DESIGN STEPS

STEP-1

1. Ascertain Class of Hazard

- Light hazard occupancies.
- Ordinary hazard occupancies.
- High hazard (A) occupancies.
- High hazard (B) occupancies.

2. Obtain a scaled Block Plan & Identity

a) Working Blocks:
- Shed type
- Stories Basement

b) Storage Blocks:
- Shed Type
- Storied /Basement

c) Open Storages:
- Coal/Coke
- Timber/Bamboo]
- Grass/Hay ] Qty. (Max.) Stored
- Bagasse ]

d) Tank Farm:
- Flash Point of liquids
- Fixed roof/ floating roof
- Sizes etc.

e) Utility Blocks

f) Location of fire pumps house/reservoir.

g) Location of sub-station supplying power to fire pumps.

3) Ascertain No. of Hydrant Posts for each Identified Area.

Page 4 of 31
a) working Utility/Storage Godowns:

1) For Ground Protection

2) For Upper floor basement protection.

Ground Protection

60M, 45M or 30M spacing along external wall /battery measured for
light/ordinary higher hazard respectively.

Upper Floors

- Area upon 500 sq.m –only one staircase (access)/riser.

- Area upon 2000sq.m

At least two access staircases/riser.

- Area exceeding 2000 sq.m

At least two staircases/riser plus one staircase/riser for every
additional 1500 sq.mm or part thereof.

- Location of access staircases so that no part of floor is more than

30M from the nearest staircase/riser.

b) Open Storage

- Non Hazardous Storage

One single hydrant for every 60M of periphery.

- Coal or/Coke

One single hydrant for every 45M of periphery.

- Other Storages

One DH for every 45M of storage periphery.

c) Tank farms

- Tanks upto 10M dia 1 DH or 2 SH.

- Tanks above 20M dia 2 DH or 4 SH.

-
Hydrant shall be located beyond 15 M but within 35 M of tank shell.

Page 5 of 31
4) Hydrant Layout

- Hydrant mains laid in rings and initial pipe size shall not be less than the
size of delivery outlet of the pump.

- A terminal main if laid or erected, the no. of hydrants shall not exceed 5

- Hydrant monitors shall be positioned 2m and within 15 M (light/ ordinary

hazard) and 7.5 mtrs. to 22.5 mtrs. For high Hazard.

- Cut-off valves are provided in the mains to obtain best possible pressure.

5) Size of Main

Size of main is decided such that velocity does not exceed 5 m/sec, and pressure
at remotest point is min.3.5 kg/cm2 (for light or ordinary risk). However min.
pressure of 5.25 kg/cm2 to be maintained for high hazard risk.

6) Selection of Pumps

- pumps shall be selected based on number of equivalent hydrant points in

the whole installation and also whether tapping for either medium
velocity water spray system/ and or foam system has been taken from
the hydrant mains.

- If no tapping – select the pumps from table of TAC guideline.

- If tapping taken, hose stream is loaded with water demand for spray
system/foam system. If it exceed the hydrant demand, former shall be
selected (i.e. spray system demand)

7) Location of Pump House

a) If located detached:

• Light / Ordinary hazard occupancies, 6 M away.

• High Hazard (B) = 30 M from equipment storing or handing hydrocarbons.

b) If located attached:

• Light / Ordinary hazard – PPW separation with RCC roof

• High Hazard (B) = not permitted.

- Pumps shall not be installed in open.

Pumps rooms shall be of brick / RCC wall roof of non combustible
construction

Page 6 of 31
8) Location of S/S and D.G. House

a) If Located detached:

• Light / Ordinary risk = 6 M away

NB : If within 6 M. = Door/ Window openings of such buildings and also DG to

Be protected.

• High Hazard (B) = 30 M

b) If located attached

• Light / Ordinary Hazard = PPW Separation with RCC roof

• High Hazard (B) = Not permitted

9) Fire Water Reservoir

- Firewater reservoirs shall be either surface of U/G and lined or

aboveground of steel, concrete or bricks.

- The effective capacity shall be as follows:

Light hazard : 1Hr. with min. 1,35,000 Liters.

Ordinary hazard : 2 Hours

High hazard (A) : 3 Hours

High Hazard (B) : 4 Hours

10) yard hydrants/landing valves are furnished with required accessories such as
hose pipes, branch pipes with nozzles properly stored in hose boxes/hose houses
distributed in the plant area as required to comply with TAC regulations.

Page 7 of 31
 STANDARDS REFERRED

1) FIRE PROTECTION MANUAL (INTERNAL

APLIANCES, FIRE ENGINES, TRAILOR
PUMPS AND HYDRANT SYSTEMS). TAC (TARIFF ADVISORY
COMMITTEE)

2) FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIES FOR PORT

OIL TERMINALS OISD GUIDELINES – 156

3) STANDARD ON FIRE PROTECTION

FACILITIES FOR PETROLEUM DEPOTS
& TERMINALS. OISD - 117.

4) FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIES FOR

PETROLEUM REFINERIES AND OIL GAS
PROCESSING PLANTS OISD – 116

5) LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG)

BOTTLING PLANT OPERATIONS OISD – 144.

Page 8 of 31
 DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR WATER SPRAY SYSTEMS

DESIGN STEPS

STEP – 1

SELECTION TYPE OF SPRAY SYSTEM

- High velocity spray system is employed to extinguish fire involving liquids

with flash point of 65 Deg. C or higher. Thus this type of system is
suitable for fires from oil filled transformers, clean and dirty oil tanks,
paraffin tanks, turbo alternator sets, lubricating oil systems etc.

- For fluid flashing at below 65 Deg.C, extinguishment is always not

possible or even desirable and for these situations, medium velocity water
spray systems are required to provide cooling, controlling fires in
chemical plants, LPG bottling sheds, bullets etc. These systems are also
used in controlling fires at cable cellars, conveyors etc.

STEP – 2 SPRAY SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

A) HIGH VELOCITY WATER SPRAY SYSTEM

The protection to the transformer depends on the type, size, location, cabling,
cooling system, abstractions like cable boxes, projector characteristics etc. The
electrical clearance is also important area to be considered before designing a
system.

Important Parameters
-
Design density for protection 10.2 LPM/M2
-
Protection to the transformers shall be by using rings of projectors
around transformers every 3M of height.

- Projectors shall be so placed in the piping that the spray patterns should
intersect on the surface of the transformer and associated equipment.

- Bottom of the equipment shall be protected if they are 300 mm

aboveground level.

- Detectors are required around the equipment for actuating the deluge
valve.

Page 9 of 31
 - Projectors shall be located so as to be between 500 to 800 mm from the
equipment

- The pressure within the network shall not be less than 3.5 bars anywhere
and not more than 5 bars and velocity in the feed pipes shall not exceed
10 M/see.

B) MEDIUM VELOCITY SPRAY SYTEMS

B-1) General Area Protection – Guidelines

- There shall be one sprayer for every 9M2 area of the risk.

- The distance between the adjoining sprayer shall not exceed 3M

anywhere.

- Roof wetting is also required for every 9 M2 area of Roof

- For the protection of large sheds, it is permissible to divide the risks into
zones of not less than 6M width and all zones falling within 6M of any
affected zone shall discharge water spray simultaneously.

- Each zone shall be so designed that pressure at most unfavorable sprayer

is not less than 1.4 bars and that at most favourable sprayer is not more
than 3.5 bars and under such conditions velocity at distribution pipes
shall be within 5 M/Sec.

- The aggregate pumping capacity shall be determined by the largest

demand arising out of combination of deluge valves when zones
concerned operate simultaneously.

B-2) Protection of Storage Vessels.

B-2-1) Horizontal Storage Vessel.

- The complete exposed storage area of the storage area of the storage
vessel shall be sprayed at a density of 10.2 LPM/M2 including supporting
legs of the vessels and the product pipe.

- The protection network shall be in the form of horizontal rows of sprayers

connected by piping in the rings. The number of rows required is
governed by the diameter of the vessel from the sprayer application
chart.

Page 10 of 31
 - The cone angles of the sprayers shall be normally between 60 Deg and
125 Deg

- The distance from the sprayers to the skin of the vessels shall be 450,
550 or 650 mm.

- The spacing of the sprayers along the longitude depends on the cone
angle of the sprayers as per the chart.

- The dished ends of the vessels shall also be protected by sprayers and
the spacing depends upon the type of dished ends.

- Two vertical feeders are required for feeding the horizontal rings beyond
a tank height of 10M, one feeder will suffice for tanks having a height of
less than 10M.

- Pressure in the sprayer to be kept from 1.4 bar to 3.5 bar and velocity
not more than 10M/Sec.

- The water demand shall be for the largest vessel or group of vessels
installed within 15 M of each other.

B-2-2) Vertical Storage Vessel – Design Guidelines

- The complete exposed storage area of the storage vessel shall be

sprayed at a density of 10.2 LPM/M2.

- The protection network shall be in the form of horizontal rings at 3.5 M

Intervals and vertical feeder mains for the rings.

- The Cone angles of the sprayers shall be normally between 60Deg. And
125 Deg.

- The distance from the sprayers to the skin of vessels shall be 450,550 or
650 mm.

- The spacing of the sprayers along the rings shall not be more than 2.5M
when measured along the tank.

- The conical/ flat roof shall be protected by sprayers with higher K factor
to reduce number of sprayers and hence the load on the tank.

- The number of vertical feeders for the sprayer network depends upon the
size of the vessel and its height. As a good practice, minimum of two
such feeders shall be provided. However, for the vessels less than 10M
diameter and height, one feeder shall be accepted.

Page 11 of 31
 - The velocity in the feeder pipes shall not exceed 5M/Sec. When sprayers
discharge at their nominal rates.

B-2-3) Spherical Vessels – Design Guidelines

- The complete exposed storage area of the storage vessel shall be

sprayed at the density of 10.2 LPM/M2.

- The spacing of sprayers for various diameters of the vessel for different
cone angles of the sprayers is governed by charts and no sprayer shall be
farther than the distance selected from anyone of the nearest 8 sprayers.

- The protection network shall be in the form of horizontal and / or vertical

rings and the number of rings is governed by the spacing of the sprayers.

- The cone angles of the sprayers shall be normally between 60 Deg. and
125 Deg.

- The distance from the sprayers to the skin of the vessels shall be 450,
550 mm.

Design Hydraulics

- The network shall be so designed that pressure at most unfavorable

sprayer is not less than 1.4 bars and that at most favourable sprayer is
not more than 3.5 bar and under such conditions velocity in the feeder
pipes shall be within 10m / Sec.

- The water demand shall be for the largest vessel or group of vessels
installed within 15M of each.

Detection System

Detection is required only at three locations as follows:

- A minimum of 3 under the lower pole.

- A ring of detectors at equator level spaced at not more than 2.5M.
- A minimum of 3 at the upper crown.

B-2-4) Cable Galleries

- Water shall be applied at a rate not less than 12.2 LPM/M2 of the
exposed area of cable racks. Every three cable trays of same size shall
be treated as a single tray for density calculation

Page 12 of 31
 - In view of deep penetration required for cable fires, a minimum pressure
required at a remotest sprayer shall not be less than 2.8 bars.

- It is permissible to divide the risk into several zones fed by sperate

Deluge valve. At least 2 zones shall simultaneously operate at any time.

- Each zone shall be hydraulically so designed so as to produce a pressure

of at least 2.8 bars at the remotest sprayer.

- Aggregate pumping capacity shall be determined by the largest demand

arising out of combination of deluge valves when zones concerned
operate together

- Water demand shall be equivalent to 40 minutes run of the installed

Pumping capacity

B-2-5) Conveyor Protection

- Spray density 10.2 LPM/m2 of the exposed area of the conveyor.

- The sprayers shall be installed in rows at the ceiling level above the
centre of each conveyor belt spaced at not more than 4 M.

- From the boundary of the conveyor, sprayer shall not be located at more
than 2 M.

- Sprayer shall be provided for the protection of bottom side of the

conveyor belts.

- It is permissible to divide the risk into several zones each fed by separate
deluge valve. At least 2 zones shall simultaneously operate at any time.

- Each zone shall be hydraulically so231wqe designed so as to produce a

pressure of at least min. of1.4 bars at the hydraulically unfavorable
sprayer and not more than 3.5 bars at hydraulically favourable sprayer.

- Aggregate pumping capacity shall be determined by the largest demand

arising out of combination of deluge valves when zones concerned
operate together.

- Water demand shall be equivalent to 60 minutes run of the installed

pumping capacity.

Page 13 of 31
STEP – 3

Water Reservoir, Fire Pumps and Prime Movers High Velocity Water
Spray System

High Velocity Water Spray System

- The capacity of reservoir shall be equivalent to 40 minutes run for the

installed pumping capacity.

Medium Velocity Water Spray System

- The capacity of the reservoir shall equivalent to 90 minutes or 150

minutes run for the installed pumping capacity depending upon the
aggregate hold up of flammable fluid/solvent in vessel/tanks at one
location.
High Velocity and Medium Velocity Water Spray System

- The pumping capacity i.e. the pressure and flow required to supply the
most favourable and unfavorable areas shall be calculated and the pump
characteristics shall be adequate enough to meet the flow demand for the
latter.

STEP – 4 DETECTION SYSTEM – DESIGN GUIDELINES

- Sprinkler pipeline shall not be less than 25 mm anywhere in the system.

- Detection pipeline volume shall not be less than 0.01 m3.

- Pressure in the detection piping shall not be more than 3.5 bars.

- Detection system shall trigger the deluge system within 20 seconds.

- Temperature rating of the detector shall be 30 Deg. C more than the

ambient.

- Detection piping shall be preferably independently supported.

- Detection pipe work shall not make a loop around the transformers.

- Detector shall also be in rings and except in case of spherical vessels, the
number of sprinklers shall be equal to the number of sprayers.

- Detectors shall also be provided for the product pipes for outdoor
tankage protection.

Page 14 of 31
 - Detection shall be installed so as to be within 300 mm of the tankage
skin.

STEP – 5 SELECTION OF DELUGE VALVES

Major requirements for the deluge valves are as below:-

- Shall be located 6M away from the facility protected.

- Masonry enclosed shall be provided around the deluge valves.

- The load on the deluge valves shall be within following limits

Valve Size (in MM) LPM

150 13,500
100 5,000
80 1,150

STEP-6 PIPINGS AND FITTINGS

In downstream of D.V. GI pipes are used and fittings as per IS: 1239(Part-II).

Page 15 of 31
 STADARDS REFERRED

1. RULES FOR WATER SPRAY SYSTEM

BY
TARIFF ADVISORY COMMITTEE

2. NFPA-15, WATER SPRAY SYSTEM

3. STANDARDS PUBLISHED BY FOC

4. OISD STANDARDS 116, 117, 144 & 156 PUBLISHED BY OIL INDUSTRY.

Page 16 of 31
 SPRINKLER REGULATIONS
Following are the design guidelines followed for sprinkler system design –

STEP-1 CLASSIFICATION

The risks are to be categorized under the following classes for the
purpose of the design of the installation

- Light Hazard Class

- Ordinary Hazard Class

- High Hazard Class

- Storage Hazards

Non-industrial occupancies where the areas of rooms, corridors, halls etc.

are not more than 125 M2 and above are bounded by masonry/ or RCC
walls raised Upto the roof and door openings therein protected by doors
are considered as Light Hazard.

Typical occupancies under each class have been specified in TAC

Sprinkler Book.

STEP – 2 PLANNING

This section covers details such as outline design, extent of sprinkler

protection, etc. including thereby broad guideline for design of the
installation, interaction with other fire protection measures within the risk,
building where sprinkler protection is compulsory, compulsory exceptions,
optional exceptions besides provisions for communicating buildings.

STEP – 3 GRADING OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS.

Sprinkler systems are graded according to the type installation. There

Are three grades: -

GRADE – 1

System protected by two automatic pumps with specified duty conditions

powered by different prime movers. The number of sprinklers in
protected buildings or range of buildings shall be within 2000 with not
more than 200 sprinklers in separated risks.

Page 17 of 31
 GRADE – 2

Same as above without limitation of sprinklers; and

GRADE – 3

Systems with single pump as per duty conditions prescribed in the rules.

STEP – 4 WATER SUPPLY

The provisions are based on the pumping requirements for respective

hazards, which are as follows:

Light Hazard : 20 minutes run for the pump or 35 M3 whichever

is more.

Ordinary Hazard : 60 minutes run for the pump or 200 M3 whichever

is more.

High Hazard : 120 minutes run for the aggregate pumping

requirements.

STEP – 5 DESIGN DENSITY AND AMAO FOR INSTALLATIONS.

These are tabulated as below:-

Hazard Design Density AMAO

LPM/M2 M2
Light 2.25 84
Ordinary 5.00 360
High 10.00 260

The storage occupancies can be regarded as “ORDINARY HAZARD’” risks

if the height of storage is within the limits for various categories as shown
below: -

Category Max.Storage Heigh in Design Density LPM AMAO M2

Metres M2
I 4.00 5 360
II 3.00 5 360
III 2.00 5 360
IV 1.25 5 360

Page 18 of 31
STEP – 6 PRESSURE AND FLOW REQUIREMENTS

Type of Hazard Pressure Required at Flow LPW

Alarm Valve
Light Hazard 2.2 bar + static pressure 225
equipment of the height of the
highest sprinkler.
Ordinary Hazard 2 bar + static pressure
equipment of the height of the
highest sprinkler 1800

1.5 bar + static pressure

equipment of the height of the
highest sprinkler. 2100
High Hazard As per TAC Tables 5,6,7 & 8 As specified in TAC tables.

STEP – 7 PUMPING REQUIREMENTS

The pumping requirement for sprinkler system is tabulated as below:-

Nature of Risk Pump Capacity LPS (M3/Hr.) Delivery Pressure

Kg.cm2
Light 27 (96) 5.6
30 (110) 5.6
Ordinary 38 (137) 5.6 / 7.0
47 (171) 7.0
46 (273) 7.0
High 47 (171) 7.0
76 (273) 7.0 / 8.8
114 (410) 7.0 / 8.8

STEP – 8 PIPING, FITTING AND SUPPORTS

- The pipe used in the sprinkler system (from pump house to installation
valve) shall be laid normally underground conforming to IS: 1239, M.S.
Black. These pipes shall be wrapped and coat as per IS: 10221, code of
practice for coating and wrapping of underground mild steel pipelines.

- U/G pipes shall be 1 M below ground level.

- It is not permissible to run the sprinkler pipes through on unsprinklered

building.

- Fittings shall be as per IS: 1239 (Part – 2)

Page 19 of 31
 - Welded joints shall not be permitted for fittings of less than 50 mm
diameter.

- The pipes if laid A/G shall run at least at distances from the face of the
building and / or open storage area (s) as stipulated below.

Light Hazard – 6 M; Ordinary Hazard 6M and High Hazard 15M

STEP – 9 SPRINKLER SPACING AND LOCATION

The distances in a nutshell are as per table below.

Hazard Type Area DISTANCES Between Sprinkler

Coverage And Boundary
Max. Min.
(M2)
(Between Sprinklers)
Light 21 4.5 2 0.5 times the spacing
Ordinary 12 4.0 2 0.5 times the spacing
High 9 3.7 2 0.5 times the spacing

The Location of sprinklers from the ceiling is as per the table below:-

Type of Ceiling DISTANCE (IN MM)

Min. Max. Preferred
Combustible – Asbestos Cement 75 300 150
Sheets, Wired Glass and other
Frangible.
Combustible with exposed rafters 75 150 -
And / or open joists.
Non- Combustible either plan or 75 450 150
arched ceiling

STEP – 10 PIPE SIZING AND SPRINKLER LAYOUT DESIGN

We refer TAC rules regarding above. The rules cover the requirements with
regard of layout of sprinklers in concealed spaces with appropriate tables for
both recalculated and fully calculated systems for each type of hazard.
Requirements for the orifice plates have been spelt out in detail with illustrations
and tables. Tables are provided to illustrate the design points and the pressure
requirements at design points for all types of hazards. To enable pressure loss
calculations, loss data for pipes and fittings for each type of hazard have been
separately provided. Design data for the fully calculated systems have been
explained in detail. Instead of making a common section for all type of hazards,
the rules have been separated for all hazards, thereby individually specifying the
requirements for each alongwith necessary tables for greater understanding and
clarity. The restrictions and limitations of laying sprinkler pipelines for each type

Page 20 of 31
of hazard have been specified to enable the designer to get our idea before
designing the system. Parameters also specify design points for the various type
of hazards and the allowable pressure losses upto the design points from the
installation valves.

Page 21 of 31
 STANDARD REFERRED

1. SPRINKLER REGULATIONS
BY
TARIFF ADVISORY COMMITTEE

2. NFPA – 13
WATER SPRINKLER SYSTEM.

Page 22 of 31
DESIGN GUIDELINE TO CARBON DIOXIDE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM

1) INTRODUCTION

For general requirements and design criteria NFPA-12 is used as base document.
Carbon dioxide fire-extinguishing system consists of a fixed supply of carbon
dioxide permanently connected to fixed piping and nozzles arranged to discharge
carbon dioxide into the area being protected in such a manner that the required
effective extinguishing concentration is achieved. Fixed system is of two types:-

a) Total Floating System :- A total flooding system consists of a fixed supply

of carbon dioxide permanently connected to fixed piping with nozzles
arranged to discharge carbon dioxide into an enclosed space or enclosure
about the hazard so that the extinguishing concentration can be
maintained.

b) Local Application System :- A local application system consists of a fixed

Supply of carbon dioxide permanently connected to fixed piping with
nozzle arranged to discharge carbon dioxide directly on to the burning
material as identified hazard.

2) CARBON DIOXIDE AND ITS APPLICATION

The extinguishing medium used shall be carbon dioxide in accordance with the
requirements of IS Standards.

Carbon dioxide is suitable for extinguishing for extinguishing the following types
of fire :-

- Fires involving liquids or liquifable solids.

- Fires involving gases, except in such cases when after extinguishment an

explosive atmosphere may develop due to a continuation of escaping
gases.

- Fires involving live electrical apparatus.

Carbon dioxide is not suitable for fighting fires involving the following material: -

- Chemicals containing their own supply of oxygen, such as cellulose

nitrate.

- Reactive metals and their hydrides (e.g. sodium, potassium, magnesium,

titanium and zirlonium)

Page 23 of 31
3) BASIS FOR THE DESIGN OF CARBON DIOXIDE SYSTEMS

The construction of the enclosures to be protected by total flooding carbon

dioxide systems shall be such that the carbon dioxide cannot readily escape.
The walls and doors shall be capable of withstanding the effects of the fire for a
sufficient time so as to allow carbon dioxide discharge to be maintained at the
desired concentration during the inhibition time.

Opening and ventilation systems shall be shut and where there is an absence of
walls and / or ceilings, additional carbon dioxide quantities shall be provided as
specified in NFPA-12.

4) DESIGN OF TOTAL FLOODING SYSTEMS

4.1) FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED

To determine the quantity of the carbon dioxide required, the volume of the
room or of the enclosure to be protected shall be taken as a basis. From these
volume only solid structural members such as foundations, columns, beams and
the like shall be deducted.

The following shall be taken into account

- Room Size.
- Material to be protected.
- Particulars of risk.
- Openings that cannot be shut
- Ventilation systems, which cannot be switched off.

There shall be no openings in the floor.

8) DETERMINATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE DESIGN QUANTITY.

5.1) BASIC QUANTITY

Multiply the volume to be protected (cubic meters) by the appropriate flooding

factor given in Table 2-3.3. The answer will be in kilograms of CO2. This will
protect an enclosure containing materials requiring a design concentration of
upto 34% for surface fires. For deep-seated fire Table 2-4.2.1 of NFPA-12 is to
be referred.

5.2) MATERIAL CONVERSION FACTOR

For materials requiring a design concentration over 34%, the basic quantity of
carbon dioxide calculated, i.e. the result of 5.1 shall be increased by multiplying
this quantity by the appropriate conversion factor from table 2-3.2.1 if NFPA-12.

Page 24 of 31
5.3) TEMPERATURE CORRECTION

Additional quantities of CO2 are needed to compensate for the effects of the
abnormal temperature. Add 2% carbon dioxide for each 5 Deg. C above 100
Deg. C.

5.4) FORCED VENTILATION

when forced air ventilation system are used, they shall, if possible, be shut down
before, or simultaneously, with the start of the CO2 discharge. If this cannot be
done, additional CO2 must be applied. For calculation purposed the volume of air
removed in one minute will be replaced with CO2 at the design concentration
being used.

6) DISCHARGE RATES FOR TOTAL FLOODING SYSTEM

Pipe and nozzle sizes are based on the desired flow rate selected from Table 1-
10.44 (C) of NFPA-12. For surface fires the design concentration will be
achieved in one minute.

7) NOZZLE DISTRIBUTION

Horns should be spaced approx. 3 to 5 m apart. For room’s upto 5m high, install
horns at a height of 2.5 m and angle of 45 Deg. Averages throw approximately
4m.

For rooms between 5 and 10 m high, install at 1/3 ht up from floor.

For rooms with high stacking or rooms over 10m high, it may be necessary to
install at 1/3 and 2/3 levels.

8) RELEASE MECHANISMS

8.1) TYPES OF RELEASE MECHANISMS

Systems shall be designed for either

a) Automatic and manual release

b) Manual release only dependent upon the requirements of the authority

having jurisdiction.

8.2) Operation of the release mechanisms shall cause the complete system to operate
including ancillary functions such as:

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 Indication of alarm devices.
Shutting down ventilation systems.
Exhaust fans, pumps, conveyors, heaters, dampers and shutters etc.

8.3) AUTOMATIC RELEASE

Automatic systems are controlled by automatic detection device selected

according to the requirements of the particular hazard. The system shall be
designed to operate only after two separate detection signals have been
initiated.

8.4) MANUAL RELEASE

Manual release shall be located in the case of total flooding systems, outside the
protected room in a position near to the exit from the room. Manual release
devices shall be protected against inadvertent operation by lead sealed wires or
a break glass cover and be clearly market to indicate their purpose.

The, extinguisher zone controlled by the manual release point shall be clearly
indicated in order that there will be no risk or confusion.

9) TYPE OF OPERATION

Release mechanisms may operate electrically, pneumatically or mechanically.

ELECTRICAL

The power supply for electrical detection of release devices shall be secure by
two independent sources of energy, i.e. mains supply with automatic changeover
to a standby battery supply in the event of a mains failure.

Detection and release circuits shall be automatically monitored and alarms

indicating the failure of any monitored device or wiring shall give prompt audible
and visual indication. Such alarms shall be distinct from alarms indicating system
operation.

PNEUMATIC

As a source of energy, carbon dioxide from the extinguisher system may be

used. If another pressurised source is chosen it shall be used solely for this
purpose.

Where gas pressure from pilot containers is used as a means of releasing the
remaining containers the supply and discharge rate shall be designed for
releasing all of the remaining containers simultaneously.

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The pilot gas supply shall be continuously monitored and fault alarm given in the
event of excessive pressure loss.

MECHANICAL

Release system can be operated mechanically by means of mechanical cables

and drop weights.

The control cables shall be run within protective tubes with free running corner
pullies at all changes of direction.

Mechanical control cables shall be capable of being periodically tested for proper
operation.

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 DOCUMENTS REFERRED

1) NFPA-12 CARBON DIOXIDE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS

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 FM-200 SYSTEM DESTIGN CHECK LIST
Upon receipt of enquiry “ order from client, review the Technical requirement and
proceed for quotation “ designing system.

1) Brief Description of protected zone (s) / Area (s).

2) Fire Hazard type. (Class A/ B/ Electrical)

3) Are there fire Hazard conditions which may be “ Special Hazard” e.g.:-
Permanent ignition sources, Deep- Seated Combustion etc.

4) Design concentration of FM-200 system

5) Min and Max Temp Range

6) To calculate Gas Quantity of Protected area.

7) Elevation of Hazard Zone(s)

8) Flow calculation(s) to be performed with respect to the above 1 to 7 conditions.

9) Resolve all warnings and Errors of flow calculations

10) Side wall nozzles distance 250 mm away from the wall to checked

11) Locations of nozzles distance 250 mm below the tip on the enclosure to be
checked.

12) If the ceiling height is greater than 3.66 mtrs. then additional row of nozzle
provided or not to be checked.

13) Nozzle(s) area coverage for 3600 and 1800 to be checked as per the
manufacturers recommendation.

14) All nozzles positions and flow directions to be checked.

15) Preferably not more than 80-kg (176 Lbs.) agent discharged through any
nozzle(s) to be checked, accordingly select nozzle(s) quantity.

16) Check the required equipment/ Hardware are listed for procurements.

17) Check and documentation for FM-200 design.

I) P & D for system.

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 II) Design criteria, philosophy
III) Write-up and operational philosophy describing the systems.
IV) Technical catalogues / literature of equipment used.
V) System layout & drawings.
VI) Hyd. Flow cal(s) Documents.

18) Check for the system drawings approved from client / Authority.

19) Check the modifications if any as per site “ AS BUILT” installation reflected in the
final documents / Drawings.

20) Check for the “ O & M” manual preparation & submission to client.

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 DESIGN CRITERIA

1) Applicable Standard : NFPA 2001

2) Room Temperature considered : 21o C OR as per client requirement.

3) Min. concentration of the agent as : 7.0%

per std. (NFPA)

4) Max concentration of agent as per : 9.0%

NFPA

5) System Pressure : 25 bar (360 / PSI)

6) Min Pressure requirement at nozzle : Min 4.8 Bar.

7) Discharge Time : Min 6 Sec & Max 10 Sec.

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