International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 2, Issue 10, Oct-2011 1

ISSN 2229-5518

Design Aids of Flexural Members and Beam-

Columns Based on Limit State Method
Prof. Ravindra Bhimarao kulkarni, Vikas Arjun Patil

ABSTRACT : The latest version of the Code of Practice for general construction in steel, IS 800-2007 is based on Limit State Method of design. The
design concept is totally changed in comparison to earlier code IS-800-1984 which is based on elastic method. The design based on limit state method
involves many equations and parameters. Therefore the design of steel structural members and connections involves tedious equations. In the present
work, the detailed study has been carried out on the design of flexure members and beam-columns for channel section and effort is made to prepare
design aids in the form of graphs, which is very useful to the practicing Structural Engineers. The use of charts for the design of flexure members and
beam-columns will save the steel designer’s time considerably.

KEYWORDS: IS:800-2007, Factored load.

——————————  ——————————

1. Introduction

The structural/civil Designer has to ensure that the
structures and facilities he designs are (i) fit for their
purpose (ii) safe and (iii) economical and durable. Thus
safety is one of the paramount responsibilities of the
designer. However, it is difficult to assess at the design
stage how safe a proposed design will actually be –
consistent with economy. There is, in fact, a great deal of
uncertainty about the many factors, which influence both
safety and economy. Firstly, there is a natural variability in
the material strengths and secondly it is impossible to
predict the loading, which a structure (e.g. a building) may
be subjected to on a future occasion. Thus uncertainties
affecting the safety of a structure are due to
 Uncertainty about loading
 Uncertainty about material strength and
 Uncertainty about structural dimensions and
behaviour.
These uncertainties together make it impossible for a
designer to guarantee that a structure will be
absolutely safe.
______________________________________________
 Vikas Arjun Patil is currently pursuing master degree in Structural
engineering in Gogte Institute of Technology Belgaum (Karnataka),
INDIA, PH-09964937979. E-mail: vikiap.patil@gmail.com
 Prof. Ravindra Bhimarao kulkarni is assistant professor in the
Department of Civil engineering in Gogte Institute of Technology
Belgaum (Karnataka), INDIA. PH-09480398630 .E-mail:
kulkarnirbk@rediffmail.com
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All that the designer could ensure is that the risk of failure
is extremely small, despite the uncertainties. Earlier for
designing steel structures working stress method is used
(IS: 800-1984). Now designing done using limit state
method (IS: 800-2007).
Design is basically a trial and error process, initially a
section is assumed and it is checked, for its capacity to
withstand the applied load. In case of design of steel
structural elements according to IS: 800-2007, no ready to-
use design tools are available to aid the initial selection.
2.OVERVIEW OF DESIGN EQUATIONS AS
PER IS: 800-2007
2.1 Effective Span of Beams
The effective span of a beam shall be taken as the distance
between the centre of the supports, except where the point
of application of the reaction is taken as eccentric at the
support, when it shall be permissible to take the effective
span as the length between the assumed lines of the
reactions.
2.2 Design bending strength of laterally Supported
Beams
The design bending strength of beams, adequately
supported against buckling (laterally supported beams) is
governed by yielding stress.
The factored design moment, M at any section, in a beam
due to external actions shall satisfy
M ≤ Md
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 2, Issue 10, Oct-2011 2
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Where Md = design bending strength of the section The behaviour of beam-columns is fairly complex,
Based on Shear force V values the design bending particularly at the ultimate stage and hence exact
strength Md of a beam may be computed as follows (refer IS evaluation of the strength would require fairly complex
800:2007 clause 8.2.1): analysis. However, for design purposes, simplified
equations are available, using which it is possible to obtain
2.2.1 When shear force V < 0.6 Vd (refer IS 800:2007 the strength of members, conservatively.
clause 8.2.1.2) where Vd is design shear strength of
the cross-section. 2.5 Design of Beam-Columns Subjected to
Compression and Bending
Md = (b Z p fy ) / m0  1.2 Ze fy / mo for simply supported Local capacity check The following simplified interaction
beam (1) equation is specified in the code for the beam-column
subjected to combined axial force and bending moment
 1.2 Ze fy / m0 for cantilever
(clause 9.3.1.1 for plastic, compact and semi-compact
supported beams
section)
2.2.2 When shear force V > 0.6 Vd (refer IS 800:2007
clause 8.2.1.3) (N/Nd) + (My/Mdy) + (M/Mdz) ≤ 1.0 (6)
The design bending strength Md shall be
where Mdy and Mdz are the design reduced flexural strength
Md = Mdv (2) under combined axial force and the respective uniaxial
Mdv = design bending strength under high shear (as moment acting alone, My and Mz are the factored applied
per clause 9.2.2) moments along minor and major axis of the cross section,
= Md – β (Md – Mfd ) = 1.2 Ze fy / mo respectively, Nd is the design strength in compression
for Plastic or Compact section (3) obtained from Section 6 of the code, and N is the factored
applied axial compressive force.
2.3 Design Bending strength of Laterally
Unsupported Beams Overall buckling check The code stipulates that the
member should be checked for lateral-torsional buckling
If the laterally unrestrained length of the compression
under reduced effective moment Meff due to tension and
flange of the beam is relatively long then a phenomenon bending. The reduced effective moment is given by the
known as lateral buckling or lateral torsional buckling of code as clause 9.3.2.1.
the beam may take place and the beam would fail well Meff =[ M- TZec /A ] ≤ Md (7)
before it can attain its full moment capacity. Resistance to where M and T are the factored applied moment and
lateral torsional buckling need not be checked separately in tension, respectively, A is the area of cross section, Zec is the
elastic section modulus of the section with respect to
the following ceases:
extreme compression fibre, ψ = 0.8, if T and M vary
independently and 1.0 otherwise, and Md is the bending
a) bending is about minor axis of the section
strength due to lateral-torsional buckling.
b) section is hollow (rectangular/tubular) or solid bars
c) in case of major axis bending, λLT = χLTfy/m0 < 0.4
2.6 Slenderness Ratio
The design bending strength of laterally unsupported
beams as governed by lateral torsional buckling is given
λ= KL/r (8)
by (refer IS800:2007 clause 8.2.2):
Md = b Z p fbd (4) IS: 800-2007 specifies limiting (maximum) slenderness ratio
for Flexural members λ>300 not permitted and for Beam-
fbd=χLtfy/m0 (5) Column λ>250 not permitted.
(refer IS 800:2007, table 13a and 13b, page nos. 55 and 56)
3. Design charts for Flexural Members
2.4 Strength of Beam-Columns
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The Charts have been prepared based on IS: 800-2007 for The design charts have been prepared effective span (mm)
laterally supported and laterally unsupported beams. The Vs Factored load (kN/m) based on the above example.
procedure adopted is demonstrated with the design
examples given below.

3.1 DESIGN EXAMPLE 180 LATERALLY SUPPORTED BEAM FOR ISJC

SECTIONS
Example1. Laterally Supported Beam 160
ISJC 200
140
An ISJC 100 section is used as a beam over a span of 1 m,

FACTORED LOAD (kN/m)

with simply supported ends. Determine the maximum
120 ISJC 175
factored uniformly distributed load that the beam can carry
if the ends are restrained against torsion but compression ISJC 150
flange is laterally supported. 100 ISJC 100
ISJC 125
Solution: 80 ISJC 150
ISJC 125
For ISJC 150, [11] ISJC 175
h = 100 mm, tw = 3 mm, Ze = 24800 mm3, Zp = 28380 mm3 60 ISJC 200
ISJC 100
Design capacity of the section 40
Md = b Z p fy / m0
= (1.0 x 28380 x 250) / 1.1 = 6450000 N-mm 20
 1.2 Ze fy / mo  (1.2 x 24800 x 250) / 1.1 = 6763636 N-mm
0
Design Factored load 0 5000 10000 15000
EFFECTIVE SPAN (mm)

W=8*Md/l2= (8*6450000) / (1000*1000) = 51.60kN/m

Fig.1 Graph is plotted factored load Vs effective span for ISJC.
Design shear strength

Vd = (fy *h * tw ) /( sq(3) *  mo ) = (250*100*3)/(sq(3)*1.1)

= 39364.8N

Check for V < 0.6 Vd

Shear force V = W*L/2 = (51.60*1000) / 2 = 25800 N

0.6 Vd = 0.6*39364.8= 23618.9 N, Hence V > 0.6 Vd

 = (2V/ Vd-1)2 = [((2*25800) / 23618.9) – 1]2 = 0.10

Zfd= Zp – Aw*Yw

= (28380 – ((100*3*100)/ 4)) = 20880 mm3

Mfd= (Zfd*fy) / m0 = (20880*250) / 1.1 = 4745455 N-mm

Mdv = Md – β (Md – Mfd ) = 1.2 Ze fy / mo

= 6450000 – 0.1*(6450000 – 4745455) = 6285330 N- mm

W=8*Mdv/l2 = (8*6285330) / (1000*1000) = 50.28 kN/m

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300 LATERALLY SUPPORTED BEAM FOR ISLC 300 LATERALLY SUPPORTED BEAM FOR ISMC
SECTIONS SECTIONS
ISMC 200
ISLC 200
250 250

ISMC 175
FACTORED LOAD (kN/m)

200 ISLC 175 200

ISLC 75
ISMC 75
ISLC 100 ISMC 150

FACTORED LOAD (kN/m)

ISMC 100
150 ISLC 150 ISLC 125 150 ISMC 125
ISMC 125
ISLC 125 ISLC 150 ISMC 150
ISMC 175
100 ISLC 175 100
ISLB 100 ISMC 200
ISLB 100 ISLC 200

50 ISLC 75 50ISMC 75

0 0
0 5000 10000 15000 0 5000 10000
EFFECTIVE SPAN (mm)
15000
EFFECTIVE SPAN (mm)

Fig.2 Graph is plotted factored load Vs effective span for ISLC. Fig.4 Graph is plotted factored load Vs effective span for ISMC.

LATERALLY SUPPORTED BEAM FOR ISMC

900 LATERALLY SUPPORTED BEAM FOR ISLC 1000 SECTIONS
SECTIONS
ISLC 350 900 ISMC 400
800

800
700ISLC 300
ISMC 350
700
FACTORED LOAD (kN/m)
FACTORED LOAD (kN/m)

600
ISLC 225 600 ISMC 300 ISMC 225
500
ISLC 250 ISMC 250
500
400ISLC 250 ISLC 300 ISMC 250 ISMC 300
ISLC 350 400 ISMC 350
ISLC 225 ISMC 225
300 ISLC 400 ISMC 400
300
200
200
100
100

0 0
0 5000 10000 15000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
EFFECTIVE SPAN (mm) EFFECTIVE SPAN (mm)

Fig.3 Graph is plotted factored load Vs effective span for ISLC. Fig.5 Graph is plotted factored load Vs effective span for ISMC.

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Example2. Laterally Unsupported Beam And fbd = 197.7 N/mm2 for fcrb = 600.

An ISJC 100 section is used as a beam over a span of 1 m,
with simply supported ends. Determine the maximum
factored uniformly distributed load that the beam can carry
if the ends are restrained against torsion but compression
flange is laterally unsupported.
... For fcrb = 563.145
fbd = 188.6 + 63.145/100(197.7 -188.6) = 194.3N/mm2
Hence it belongs to class 2 (compact) category.

Solution: .. . Md = βb Zp fbd

For ISJC 100[11] βb = 1, Zp = 28380 mm3, fbd = 194.3 N/mm2

h = 100 mm, tf = 5.1 mm, tw = 3 mm,
ryy =14.2mm, Effective length = 6 m.
Area =741 mm2
KL/r = ( 1*100 0) / 14.2 =70.42
h/t = 100/5.1 = 19.60
From Table 14 of IS 800: 2007
fcrb values as shown below:
h/t 18 19.60
...Md = 1 x 28380x 194.3 = 5.515 kN-m
If udl w is in kN/m, then WL2/8 = Md
Wx 12/8 =5.515 =>W = 44.12 kN/m.
The design charts have been prepared effective span (mm)
Vs Factored load (kN/m) based on the above example.
20

KL/r
LATERALLY UNSUPPORTED BEAM FOR ISJC
500 SECTIONS
70 587.4 X 562.9

70.42 …….. M 450

ISJC 200
80 478.4 Y 455.3
400
To get the value for h/t = 19.60 and
350
KL/r = 70.42 it needs double linear interpolation
FACTORED LOAD (kN/m)

300
First get the values at X and Y corresponding to h/t = 19.60 ISJC 175 ISJC 100

To get the value at X (KL/r = 70, h/tf = 19.60) 250 ISJC 125

ISJC 150 ISJC 150

fcrb = 587.4-1.60/2 (587.4– 562.9) = 567.704 N/mm2
200 ISJC 175
To get the value at Y (KL/r = 80, h/tf = 19.60) ISJC 200
150 ISJC 125
fcrb = 478.4-1.60/2(478.4– 455.3) = 459.83 N/mm2
100
...The value of fcrb at h/tf = 19.60 and KL/r = 70.42. ISJC 100

To get the value at M. 50

fcrb = 567.704 -0.42/10 (567.704 – 459.83) = 563.145 N/mm2 0

Referring to Table 13(a) in IS 800-2007, for fy = 250 0 2000 4000 6000 8000
N/mm2, EFFECTIVE SPAN (mm)

We find fbd= 188.6 N/mm2 fcrb = 500. Fig.6 Graph is plotted for factored load Vs effective span.

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700 LATERALLY UNSUPPORTED BEAM FOR ISLC LATERALLY UNSUPPORTED BEAM FOR ISMC
SECTIONS 400 SECTIONS
ISLC 200
ISMC 200
600 350

300 ISMC 75
500 ISLC 175
FACTORED LOAD (kN/m)

ISLC 75 ISMC 175 ISMC 100

FACTORED LOAD (kN/m)

ISLC 100 250 ISMC 125
400 ISLC 125
ISMC 150 ISMC 150
ISLC 150 ISLC 150 200
300 ISLC 175 ISMC 175
ISLC 200 150 ISMC 200
ISLC 125 ISMC 125
200
100
ISLC 100 ISMC 100
100
50
ISLC 75 ISMC 75
0 0
0 5000 10000 15000 0 5000 10000
EFFECTIVE SPAN (mm) EFFECTIVE SPAN (mm)

Fig.7 Graph is plotted for factored load Vs effective span. Fig.9 Graph is plotted for factored load Vs effective span.

LATERALLY UNSUPPORTED BEAM FOR ISLC LATERALLY UNSUPPORTED BEAM FOR ISMC
1600 SECTIONS 700 SECTIONS
ISLC 400 ISMC 400
1400 600

1200
ISLC 350 500 ISMC 350
FACTORED LOAD (KN/m)
FACTORED LOAD (kN/m)

1000 ISLC 225 ISMC 225

400
ISLC 300 ISLC 250 ISMC 250
800 ISMC 300
ISLC 300 ISMC 300
300
600 ISLC 250 ISLC 350 ISMC 350
ISMC 250
ISLC 400 ISMC 400
ISLC 225 200 ISMC 225
400

200 100

0 0
0 5000 10000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
EFFECTIVE SPAN (mm) EFFECTIVE SPAN (mm)

Fig.8 Graph is plotted for factored load Vs effective span. Fig.10 Graph is plotted for factored load Vs effective span.

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4. Design Charts for Beam-columns:

The Charts have been prepared based on IS: 800-2007 for To get the value at M.
beam-columns. The procedure adopted is demonstrated
fcrb = 567.704 -0.42/10 (567.704 – 459.83) = 563.145 N/mm2
with the design example given below.

4.1 DESIGN EXAMPLE Referring to Table 13(a) in IS 800, for fy = 250 N/mm2,

Example1. Beam-Column We find fbd= 188.6 N/mm2 fcrb = 500.

An ISJC 100 section is used as a beam column of length 1m, And fbd = 197.7 N/mm2 for fcrb = 600.
with flexible joints. Determine the maximum factored axial
... For fcrb = 563.145
load that the beam-column can carry safely.
Solution: fbd = 188.6 + 63.145/100(197.7 -188.6) = 194.3N/mm2
For ISJC 100 [11]
h = 100 mm, , tf = 5.1 mm, tw = 3 mm, Hence it belongs to class 2 (compact) categories.
ryy =14.2mm, Effective length = 6 m.
Area =741 mm2 .. . Md = βb Zp fbd
KL/r = ( 1*100 0) / 14.2 =70.42
βb = 1, Zp = 28380 mm3, fbd = 194.3 N/mm2
h/t = 100/5.1 = 19.60
...Mdz = 1 x 28380x 194.3 = 5.5155 kN-m
From Table 14 of IS 800: 2007 Member buckling resistance in compression (clause 7.1.2)
fcrb values as shown below: Minor axis buckling, using curve (c)
h/t 18 19.60 20
From Table 9c of the code, for KL/r = 70.42 and fy=250
KL/r
N/mm2
70 587.4 X 562.9
70 152
70.42 …….. M 70.42 …………
80 136
80 478.4 Y 455.3

To get the value for h/t = 19.60 and fcr = 152 -0.42/10 (152 – 136) = 151.33 N/mm2

KL/r = 70.42 it needs double linear interpolation Pdy = Nd = fcr *A

First get the values at X and Y corresponding to h/t = 19.60 Nd = (151.33 *741)/1000 =112.13 kN

To get the value at X (KL/r = 70, h/tf = 19.60)
fcrb = 587.4-1.60/2 (587.4– 562.9) = 567.704 N/mm2
To get the value at Y (KL/r = 80, h/tf = 19.60)
fcrb = 478.4-1.60/2(478.4– 455.3) = 459.83 N/mm2
We have calculated Nd and Md for ISJC 100.Now the Design
factored axial load N is calculated by increasing factored
moment M in the equation no.(4). The design charts have
been prepared Factored moment (kN/m) Vs Factored axial
load (kN) for different effective span based on the above
example.

...The value of fcrb at h/tf = 19.60 and KL/r = 70.42.

4.2 Design Charts for all ISJC sections.

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DESIGN CHART FOR BEAM COLUMN ISJC 100 BY DESIGN CHART FOR BEAM COLUMN ISJC 150 BY
LSM FOR VARYING EFFECTIVE SPAN LSM FOR VARYING EFFECTIVE SPAN

160 300

140
250 0.5 m
FACTORED AXIAL LOAD (kN)

120

FACTORED AXIAL LOAD (kN)

0.75 m

100 0.5m 200 1m

0.75m 1.5 m
80
1m 150 0.5 m
1m 2m
60 1m 0.5m 1.5m 0.75 m
2.5 m
2m 0.75m 2m 100
40 3m
2.5m 2.5m 1.5 m
20 50 4m
3m 1.5m 3m
2m
0 3m 2.5 m
4m
0 2 4 6 8 0
FACTORED MOMENT (kNm) 0 5 10 15 20
FACTORED MOMENT (kNm)
Fig.11 Graph is plotted for Factored Axial Load Vs Factored Moment
for ISJC 100.
Fig.13 Graph is plotted for Factored Axial Load Vs Factored Moment
for ISJC 150.
DESIGN CHART FOR BEAM COLUMN ISJC 125 BY
LSM FOR VARYING EFFECTIVE SPAN DESIGN CHART FOR BEAM COLUMN ISJC 175 BY
LSM FOR VARYING EFFECTIVE SPAN
250
350
FACTORED AXIAL LOAD (kN)

200 300
FACTORED AXIAL LOAD (kN)

0.5 m
0.5 m 250 0.75 m
150 0.75 m 1m
1m 200
1m 1.5 m
100 0.5 m 1.5 m 0.5 m
150 0.75 m 2m
1 m0.75 m
2m
50 2.5 m 100 2.5 m
1.5 m 1.5 m
3m 3m
3 m 2.5 m 2 m 50
0 3m 2m 4m
4m 2.5 m
0 5 10 15 0
FACTORED MOMENT (kNm) 0 10 20 30
FACTORED MOMENT (kNm)
Fig.12 Graph is plotted for Factored Axial Load Vs Factored Moment
for ISJC 125.
Fig.15 Graph is plotted for Factored Axial Load Vs Factored Moment for
ISJC 175.

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DESIGN CHART FOR BEAM COLUMN ISJC 200 BY DESIGN CHART FOR BEAM COLUMN ISLC 100 BY
LSM FOR VARYING EFFECTIVE SPAN LSM FOR VARYING EFFECTIVE SPAN
450
250
400
0.5 m
350 200
FACTORED AXIAL LOAD (kN)

0.75 m 0.5 m

FACTORED AXIAL LOAD (kN)

300 1m
1m 0.75 m
0.5 m 150
250 0.75 m 1.5 m
1m
2m
200 1.5 m
2.5 m
1.5 m 100
150 2m
3m
2m 4m 1m 2.5 m
100 0.5 m
2.5 m 5m 50 0.75 m 3m
50
3m
5 m4 m 3 m 2.5 m2 m1.5 m
0
0
0 10 20 30 40
0 5 10
FACTORED MOMENT (kNm) FACTORED MOMENT (kNm)

Fig.14 Graph is plotted for Factored Axial Load Vs Factored Moment Fig.17 Graph is plotted for Factored Axial Load Vs Factored Moment
for ISJC 200. for ISLC 100.

4.3 Design Charts for all ISLC sections DESIGN CHART FOR BEAM COLUMN ISLC 125 BY
LSM FOR VARYING EFFECTIVE SPAN
350
DESIGN CHART FOR BEAM COLUMN ISLC 75 BY
LSM FOR VARYING EFFECTIVE SPAN
160 300 0.5 m

0.75 m
FACTORED AXIAL LOAD (kN)

140
250
1m
FACTORED AXIAL LOAD (kN)

120 0.5 m
0.75 m 200 1.5 m
100
1m 1 m 0.5 m 2m
80 150 0.75 m
1.5 m 2.5 m
60 2m 100 1.5 m 3m
1m 0.5 m 2.5 m
40 2m 4m
0.75 m 50
3m 2.5 m
20 3m 5m
2 m1.5 m
3 m2.5 m 0 5 m4 m
0
0 5 10 15 20
0 2 4 6
FACTORED MOMENT (kNm)
FACTORED MOMENT (kNm)

Fig.16 Graph is plotted for Factored Axial Load Vs Factored Moment Fig.18 Graph is plotted for Factored Axial Load Vs Factored Moment
for ISLC 75. for ISLC 125.

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DESIGN CHART FOR BEAM COLUMN ISLC 150 BY DESIGN CHART FOR BEAM COLUMN ISLC 200 BY
LSM FOR VARYING EFFECTIVE SPAN LSM FOR VARYING EFFECTIVE SPAN
450 700
0.5 m
400 0.5 m 600
FACTORED AXIAL LOAD (kN)

0.75 m
350 0.75 m

FACTORED AXIAL LOAD (kN)

500 1m
300 1m
1m 1m 1.5 m
250 1.5 m 400 0.5 m
0.5 m 0.75 m 2m
0.75 m 2m
200 300
1.5 m 2.5 m
2.5 m
150 1.5 m
3m 200 2m 3m
2m
100 2.5 m
2.5 m 4m 4m
100 3m
50 3m
5m 4m 5m
4m 5m
0 5m 0
0 10 20 30 0 20 40 60
FACTORED MOMENT (kNm) FACTORED MOMENT (kNm)

Fig.19 Graph is plotted for Factored Axial Load Vs Factored Moment

Fig.21 Graph is plotted for Factored Axial Load Vs Factored Moment
for ISLC 150.
for ISLC 200.

DESIGN CHART FOR BEAM COLUMN ISLC 175 BY

DESIGN CHART FOR BEAM COLUMN ISLC 225 BY
LSM FOR VARYING EFFECTIVE SPAN
LSM FOR VARYING EFFECTIVE SPAN
600 800
FACTORED AXIAL LOAD (kN)

0.5 m
700
500 0.5 m
0.75 m
FACTORED AXIAL LOAD (kN)

600 0.75 m
1m 1m
400
1m 1.5 m 500 0.5 m 1m
0.75 m
2m 1.5 m
300 400
0.5 m 1.5 m
0.75 m 2m
2.5 m
200 300 2m
1.5 m 3m 2.5 m
2.5 m
2m 4m 200 3m
100 2.5 m 3m
3m 5m 4m
100 4m
4m 5m
0 5m 5m
0
0 10 20 30 40
0 20 40 60 80
FACTORED MOMENT (kNm)
FACTORED MOMENT (kNm)

Fig.20 Graph is plotted for Factored Axial Load Vs Factored Moment Fig.22 Graph is plotted for Factored Axial Load Vs Factored Moment
for ISLC 175. for ISLC 225.

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DESIGN CHART FOR BEAM COLUMN ISLC 250 BY DESIGN CHART FOR BEAM COLUMN ISLC 350 BY
LSM FOR VARYING EFFECTIVE SPAN LSM FOR VARYING EFFECTIVE SPAN
900 1200
0.75 m
FACTORED AXIAL LOAD (kN)

800 0.75 m
1000 1m
0.75 m

FACTORED AXIAL LOAD (kN)

700 1m 1m 1.5 m
0.75 m 1.5 m 1.5 m
600 800 2m
1.5 m1 m
2m
500 2m 2.5 m
2.5 m 600
400 2m 2.5 m 3m
3m
2.5 m 400 3m 4m
300 4m
3m
5m 4m 5m
200 200
4m 6m 5m 6m
100 5m 6
7mm
7m 6m 7m 7m
0
0
0 50 100 150
0 50 100
FACTORED MOMENT (kNm)
FACTORED MOMENT (kNm)

Fig.23 Graph is plotted for Factored Axial Load Vs Factored Moment Fig.25 Graph is plotted for Factored Axial Load Vs Factored Moment
for ISLC 250. for ISLC 350.

DESIGN CHART FOR BEAM COLUMN ISLC 300 BY DESIGN CHART FOR BEAM COLUMN ISLC 400 BY
LSM FOR VARYING EFFECTIVE SPAN LSM FOR VARYING EFFECTIVE SPAN
1000 1400
0.75 m
900 0.75 m
1m 1200
800 0.75 m 1m
0.75 m 1m
FACTORED AXIAL LOAD (kN)
FACTORED AXIAL LOAD (kN)

1m 1.5 m 1.5 m
700 1.5 m 1000 1.5 m
2m 2m
600 800
2.5 m 2m 2.5 m
2m
500 3m 3m
600 2.5 m
2.5 m
400 4m 3m 4m
3m 5m
300 5m 400
4m 6m
200 4m 6m
200 5m 7m
5m 7m 6m
100 6m 7m
7m 0
0
0 50 100 150 200
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
FACTORED MOMENT (kNm)
FACTORED MOMENT (kNm)

Fig.24 Graph is plotted for Factored Axial Load Vs Factored Moment

Fig.26 Graph is plotted for Factored Axial Load Vs Factored Moment
for ISLC 300.
for ISLC 400.

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4.4 design Charts for all ISMC sections DESIGN CHART FOR BEAM COLUMN ISMC 125
BY LSM FOR VARYING EFFECTIVE SPAN
400
DESIGN CHART FOR BEAM COLUMN ISMC 75 BY
LSM FOR VARYING EFFECTIVE SPAN
180 350
0.5 m
160

FACTORED AXIAL LOAD (kN)

0.5 m 300 0.75
FACTORED AXIAL LOAD (kN)

140 m
0.75 m 250 1m
120
1m
100 200 1m 1.5 m

80 1.5 m
150 2m
60 2m 0.5 m
0.75 m 2.5 m
0.5 m 100
40 1m 2.5 m
0.75 m 3m
20 50 1.5 m
2 m 1.5 m 3m 2m
3 m 2.5 m 4m
0 3 m2.5 m
0
0 2 4 6
0 5 10 15 20
FACTORED MOMENT (kNm)
FACTORED MOMENT (kNm)

Fig.27 Graph is plotted for Factored Axial Load Vs Factored Moment

Fig.29 Graph is plotted for Factored Axial Load Vs Factored Moment
for ISMC 75.
for ISMC 125.

DESIGN CHART FOR BEAM COLUMN ISMC 100 BY

LSM FOR VARYING EFFECTIVE SPAN DESIGN CHART FOR BEAM COLUMN ISMC 150 BY
LSM FOR VARYING EFFECTIVE SPAN
180
500
160 0.5 m 450
0.5 m
140 400
FACTORED AXIAL LOAD (kN)

FACTORED AXIAL LOAD (kN)

0.75 m 0.75 m
120 350
1m
1m 1m
300 1.5 m
100
250 0.5 m
1.5 m 0.75 m 2m
80
200 2.5 m
60 2m 1.5 m
150 3m
0.5 m
40 1m 2m 4m
0.75 m 2.5 m 100
2.5 m 5m
20 50 3m
2.5 m2 m1.5 m 3m
0 3m
0 5 m4 m
0 2 4 6 0 10 20 30
FACTORED MOMENT (kNm) FACTORED MOMENT (kNm)

Fig.28 Graph is plotted for Factored Axial Load Vs Factored Moment Fig.30 Graph is plotted for Factored Axial Load Vs Factored Moment
for ISMC 100. for ISMC 150.

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DESIGN CHART FOR BEAM COLUMN ISMC 175 BY

LSM FOR VARYING EFFECTIVE SPAN DESIGN CHART FOR BEAM COLUMN ISMC 225 BY
LSM FOR VARYING EFFECTIVE SPAN
600 800
0.5 m
0.5 m
0.75 m 700
500 0.75 m
1m
FACTORED AXIAL LOAD (kN)

1m

FACTORED AXIAL LOAD (kN)

600 1m
400 1m 0.5 m
1.5 m 0.75 m 1.5 m
500
2m 2m
0.5 m
300 0.75 m 400
2.5 m 1.5 m 2.5 m

3m 2m 3m
1.5 m 300
200
4m 4m
2m 2.5 m
200 5m
5m 3m
100 2.5 m
3m 100 4m
4m 5m
0 5m 0
0 10 20 30 40 0 20 40 60 80
FACTORED MOMENT (kNm) FACTORED MOMENT (kNm)

Fig.31 Graph is plotted for Factored Axial Load Vs Factored Moment Fig.33 Graph is plotted for Factored Axial Load Vs Factored Moment
for ISMC 175. for ISMC 225.

DESIGN CHART FOR BEAM COLUMN ISMC 200 DESIGN CHART FOR BEAM COLUMN ISMC 250 BY
BY LSM FOR VARYING EFFECTIVE SPAN LSM FOR VARYING EFFECTIVE SPAN
700 1000

0.5 m 900 0.5 m

600
0.75 m 800 0.75
FACTORED AXIAL LOAD (kN)

FACTORED AXIAL LOAD (kN)

500 m
1m 1m 700 1 m 0.5 m 1m
0.75 m
0.5 m 1.5 m 600
400 0.75 m 1.5 m
2m 500 1.5 m 2m
300 1.5 m 2.5 m 400 2m 2.5 m
2m 3m
200 300 2.5 m 3m
2.5 m 4m 3m
200 4m
100 3m 5m
100 4m
4m 5m
5m
0 0
0 20 40 60 0 20 40 60 80 100
FACTORED MOMENT (kNm) FACTORED MOMENT (kNm)

Fig.32 Graph is plotted for Factored Axial Load Vs Factored Moment Fig.34 Graph is plotted for Factored Axial Load Vs Factored Moment
for ISMC 200. for ISMC 250.

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DESIGN CHART FOR BEAM COLUMN ISMC 300 BY DESIGN CHART FOR BEAM COLUMN ISMC 400
LSM FOR VARYING EFFECTIVE SPAN BY LSM FOR VARYING EFFECTIVE SPAN
1200 1600
0.75 m
1400
1000 1m
0.75 m
FACTORED AXIAL LOAD (kN)

FACTORED AXIAL LOAD (kN)

1.5 m 1200 1m
0.75 m
800 1m 1.5 m 0.75 m
1.5 m 2m
1000 1m
2.5 m 1.5 m
2m
600 800 2m
2m 3m 2.5 m
2.5 m
600 3m
2.5 m 4m 3m
400 4m
3m 5m 5m
400
4m 6m
200 4m 6m 7m
200 5m
5m 6m
6m 7m
0 0
0 50 100 150 0 50 100 150 200 250
FACTORED MOMENT (kNm) FACTORED MOMENT (kNm)

Fig.35 Graph is plotted for Factored Axial Load Vs Factored Moment Fig.37 Graph is plotted for Factored Axial Load Vs Factored Moment
for ISMC 300. for ISMC400.

DESIGN CHART FOR BEAM COLUMN ISMC 350 5. DESIGN USING CHARTS
BY LSM FOR VARYING EFFECTIVE SPAN
1400 5.1 Flexural member ( Laterally Supported Beam )

A beam carries factored Load is 50kN/m and the effective

1200 0.75 m
span 2m design the suitable channel section.
1m
FACTORED AXIAL LOAD (kN)

0.75 m
1000 1m Select the suitable section for the above load and span
1.5 m
1.5 m
2m From fig 1. Select ISJC 175.
800
2m 2.5 m
From fig 2. Select ISLC 150.
600 3m
2.5 m From fig 4. Select ISMC 150.
4m
3m
400 5m 5.2 Flexural member ( Laterally Unsupported Beam )
4m 6m A beam carries factored Load is 50kN/m and the effective
200 5m 7m span 2m and the beam is laterally unsupported design the
6m
7m section.
0
Select the suitable section for the above load and span
0 50 100 150 200
FACTORED MOMENT (kNm) From fig 6. ISJC section are not suitable.
Fig.36 Graph is plotted for Factored Axial Load Vs Factored Moment
From fig 7. Select ISLC 175.
for ISMC 350.

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From fig 9. Select ISMC 150. I = minimum moment of inertia.

5. 3 Beam-Column KL = effective length of the member.

A simply supported beam supports 50kN/m factored lateral

KL/r = effective slenderness ratio of the section.
load for an effective span of 3m. The beam is also subjected
to factored axial load of 300kN. Select a suitable section. L = actual length of column, beam.
Factored axial load = 300kN
Md = design bending strength of the section.
Factored moment = (50*3*3)/8 =56.25 kNm
Mdv = design bending strength under high shear.
From fig 26. Select ISLC 400 (factored axial load 300kN and
factored moment 60kNm) Mfd = plastic design strength of the area of the

From fig 37. select ISMC 400 (factored axial load 300kN and cross section excluding the shear area,
factored moment 70kNm) considering partial safety factor mo.

Pd = critical buckling load.

6. CONCLUSION r = appropriate radius of gyration.

Design charts for the design of steel sections made up of
tw = thickness of the web.
Indian standard channel sections. These design charts are
presented based on IS: 800-2007.
tf = thickness of flange .
The graphs have been prepared for the flexural members
V = factored applied shear force as governed
(Laterally Supported and Unsupported) channel sections,
by web yielding or web buckling.
which can be used to select the section directly for different
Vd = shear strength as governed by web
effective span and the factored load (kN/m), the member
yielding or web buckling.
can with stand. These graphs can be used as designed aids
Z = elastic section modulii of the cross-
for selecting steel sections.
section.
In case of Beam-Columns (channel sections), the design aid Ze = Elastic Section modulus.
graphs are prepared for the factored axial load against
Zp = Plastic Section modulus.
factored moment which is a slopping straight line for
different effective spans.
γmo = the partial safety factor for failure in
NOTATIONS
tension by yielding.
A = section area.
γm1 = partial safety factor for failure at ultimate
Ag = gross area of cross section in mm . 2

stress.
E = modulus of elasticity.
λ = non-dimensional effective slenderness
Frb = elastic critical buckling stress.
ratio.
fbd = design bending compressive stress.
χLt = bending stress reduction factor to account
fy = characteristic yield strength.
for lateral torsional buckling.

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REFERENCE
[1] Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures IIT
Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG

[2] Dr S R Satish Kumar and A.R.Santha Kumar,

“Beam Columns”, Structural Engineering
Laboratory, Dept. of Civil Engineering, IIT Madras,
Chennai.

[3] Vinod I. Hosur and Aand N. Shetty , (2004)

“Design charts for steel compression member as
per 18:800-1984 and AISC-LRFD” Journal of
Structural Engineering Vol. 30, No. 4, January-
March 2004.

[4] J. Daniel Ronald Joseph, K. Balaji Roa and M. B.

Anoop,(2010)“Probabilistic analysis of steel
columns designed based on IS: 800-2007” ” Journal
of Structural Engineering Vol. 37, No. 2, June-July
2010.

[5] N.S. Trahaie, (2004) “Biaxial Bending of Steel

Angle Section Beams” Journal of Structural
Engineering @ ASCE / April 2004, pg no.554-561.

[6] N.S.Trahaie, (2005)“Buckling and Torsion of Steel

Equal Angle Beams” Journal of Structural
Engineering @ ASCE / March 2005, pg no.467-471.

[7] N.S.Trahaie, (2005) “Buckling and Torsion of Steel

Unequal Angle Beams” Journal of Structural
Engineering @ ASCE / March 2005, pg no.474-480.

[8] D.S. Rajendra Prasad, (2010) “Design of Steel

Structures” (Compliance to IS 800:2007 code)
Sapna Book House, 3rd Main Road, Gandhinagar,
Banglore- 560009.

[9] V. Kalyanaraman, ”Design of Beam Columns”

Dept. of Civil Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai.

[10] Dr. N. Subramanian, (2008 ). Design of Steel

Structures, Oxford University Press, New Delhi,
1240pp.

[11] IS 800:2007 (2007), Indian standard code of practice

for General Construction in Steel, Bureau of Indian
Standards, New Delhi, Dec.,143pp.
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