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10/24/2010 Emergency Generator Sizing

Selecting an...

How to Install a
CHOOSING THE RIGHT EMERGENCY GENERA TOR
Generator!
Only $29.95
To properly size a generator for use as an emergency power source On SA LE f or only $9.95
A mus t read before
for your home, you must decide what circuits you want it to power. For buying a generator! !
instance you might want it to power only necessary items such as a
few lights, furnace/boiler, water pump etc. Or, you may decide that
you want it to power your entire house or somewhere in between.

Prepare an itemized list of these circuits and/or appliances and total WINCO DL6000I
Portable Generator
up the wattage. Some standard or common household appliances Only $1,062.00
On SA LE f or only
are listed with their wattages on the power page of this site. Most $987.00
appliances and motors have its wattage listed on a nameplate. If not,
try to find its voltage and amperage and multiply them together (see
Power Page). Motors require special attention so a separate section
is provided for them. Take some time to think about this, and list the
items in their order of importance to you.
WINCO PSS6H Tri
Let’s try an example with no motors first; Fuel, Standby
Generator
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$2,571.00
TRI-FUEL
PACKAGE!
EXAMPLE;

WINCO W6010DEX
4 lamps at 60 watts each. Diesel Portable
Generator
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On SA LE f or only
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Electric blanket at 200 watts. PORTABLE


DIESEL!

Microwave oven at 1,000 watts.


WINCO 12KW
Standby Generator 4
wire start
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Total Watts 1,440 On SA LE f or only
$4,392.00

So our total wattage is 1,440 watts. Now if no other loads are to be


added, then a 10% safety margin should be included (1,440 X 0.10 =
144 watts), bringing our total to 1,440 + 144 = 1,584 watts. Therefore
we need an emergency generator that has a continuous rating of at
least 1,584 watts. Remember that we must always use the rated or
continuous rating of the emergency generator and not the maximum
or surge rating.

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10/24/2010 Emergency Generator Sizing

Electric motors may give us problems because in many cases they


require a much higher wattage to get them started than they do when
they are up and running. For instance if you have a pump motor that
requires 250 watts when running, it may require up to 3 times that
amount or 750 watts to get it started. Of course this draw will only last
for a few seconds until the motor is up to speed, but if your generator
capacity is borderline, then this surge may be enough to trip the
generator circuit breaker. If you have several motors that will be used
at the same time there are several possible combinations that we
should investigate.

Here's an example;

Motor A starting watts 2,100, running is 700w.

Motor B starting watts 1,500, running is 500w.

Motor C starting watts 750, running is 250w.

Total starting watts are 4,350, running is 1,450w.

The absolute worst case scenario of the above example is one in


which all the motors are started simultaneously. That would require us
to supply 4,350 watts from our generator---- just to start the motors.

Realistically, however, while all the motors may at one time or another
be running in concert, they won't necessarily all start simultaneously.
With this in mind we must again assume the worst case condition,
which in this example is the starting of the largest motor while the
others are running.

To calculate this condition we add the motor with the largest starting
load, which is motor A (2,100), to the running loads of B (500) and C
(250), for a total load of 2,850 watts. This load requirement can be
reduced if we have manual control of all the motors to ensure they are
started largest first. In this way, the motors with the largest starting
requirements are already running and drawing their smaller running
loads when the last and smallest motor is started. Therefore we would
add the running loads of A (700) and B (500), to the starting load of C
(750), for a total load of 1,950 watts.

But be careful, because as you can see this load is less than the
starting load of motor A (2,100) alone. So the minimum load we can
use in this example is 2,100 watts, and only if we have control of the
motor starting order.

Motors in small appliances do not require much starting current so


don't worry too much about them. Also, the larger appliances should
not be too much trouble as long as you use their maximum load
indicated by the manufacturer.

The most important motors are circulating pumps, sump


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10/24/2010 Emergency Generator Sizing
pumps, water (well) pumps, pool pumps, power tools etc.
These are the motors that you must take starting requirements
into consideration and also determine whether they will be
running at the same time or not. They will be the largest drain
on your generator. For instance a 6,000 watt emergency
generator is only rated to start a 2HP 230 volt capacitor start
motor, while a 6HP motor would require a 12,000 watt
emergency generator!

What you're trying to accomplish is to determine the maximum or


worst case load the generator will see in order to select the proper
capacity. After you determine both the motor and non-motor loads,
add them both together to find your total requirements.

Let's take the last two examples;

Non-motor load = 1,440 watts

Motor load = 2,850 watts

Total load = 4,290 watts

To this figure add our 10% safety margin to obtain the final figure we'll
use to select a generator size; 10% X 4,290 = 429. 4,290 + 429 =
4,719 watts. Thus we need a generator that can provide us with 4,719
watts of continuous power.

Choose Wisely!

I know that your first instinct may be to try and justify purchasing the
smallest and least expensive generator to save money. This is
completely understandable. But, if this is to be a one time investment,
that will last you many years, then it must be sized not only for today’s
needs but also for tomorrows.

Of course, if your sizing calculations reveal that a smaller unit is more


than enough then by all means don’t spend the extra money for a
larger unit.

When properly sized, used, and maintained the high quality generator
you purchase here will get you through many many hurricane seasons
or winters.

Choosing an "economy" brand may come with a considerable


reduction in quality and dependability; a trade-off that might bring you
right back here two years from now.

When done with this page go to the Selecting an Emergency


Generator page.

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10/24/2010 Emergency Generator Sizing
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