Ex 2 6 FSC Part2 Ver3

Exercise 2.
6 (Solutions)
MathCity.org Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12
Merging man and maths Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 3.0
2.10 Derivative of General Exponential Function (Page 80)

A function define by
f ( x) = a x where a > 0, a ≠1
is called general exponential function.
Suppose y = ax
⇒ y + δ y = a x+δ x ⇒ δ y = a x+δ x − y
⇒ δ y = a x+δ x − a x Since y = a x
⇒ δ y = a x (aδ x −1)
Dividing by δ x
δ y a x (aδ x −1)
=
δx δx
Taking limit as δ x → 0
δy a x (aδ x −1)
lim
δ x →0 δ x
= lim
δ x →0 δx
dy  δ x −1 
x a dy  a δ x −1 
⇒ = lim a   ⇒
x
= a δlim  
dx δ x→0  δ x  dx x →0  δ x 
 
d x a x −1
⇒ (a ) = a x .ln a Since lim = ln a
dx x →0 x
Derivative of Natural Exponential Function

The exponential function f ( x) = e x , where e = 2.71828... , is called Natural
Exponential Function.
Suppose y = ex
Do yourself … Just Change a by e in above article. You’ll get
d x
e = ex
dx
2.11 Derivative of General Logarithmic Function (page 81)

If a > 0, a ≠ 1 and x = a y , then the function defined by y = log a x ( x > 0) is
called General Logarithmic Function.
Suppose y = log a x
⇒ y + δ y = log a ( x + δ x) ⇒ δ y = log a ( x + δ x) − y
⇒ δ y = log a ( x + δ x) − log a x
 x +δ x  m
= log a   Since log a m − log a n = log a
 x  n
Dividing both sides by δ x
δy 1  x +δ x 
= log a  
δx δx  x 
FSc-II / Ex- 2.6 - 2 MathCity.org
δy 1  x +δ x 
lim = lim
δ x →0 δ x δ x →0 δ x
log a  
 x 
dy 1  δx 
⇒ = δlim log 1 +
dx x →0 δ x a
 x 
x 1  δx 
= δlim ⋅ log 1 + ÷ing and ×ing by x
x →0 x δ x a
 x 
dy 1 x  δx 
⇒ = δlim log 1 +
dx x x→0 δ x a
 x 
x
dy 1  δ x δ x
⇒ = δlim log 1 + Since m log a x = log a x m
dx x x→0 a
 x 
 x

dy 1   δx  xδ
⇒ = log a δlim 1+
dx x  x→0  x  
 
1
dy 1
⇒ = log a e Since lim (1 + x ) x = e
dx x x →0
d 1 1 1
⇒ ( log a x ) = Since log a b =
dx x log e a logb a
d 1
⇒ ( log a x ) = Since log e a = ln a
dx x ln a
Derivative of Natural Logarithmic Function

The logarithmic function f ( x) = log e x where e = 2.71828... is called Natural
Logarithmic Function. And we write ln x instead of log e x for our ease.
Suppose y = ln x
⇒ y + δ y = ln ( x + δ x) ⇒ δ y = ln ( x + δ x) − y
⇒ δ y = ln ( x + δ x) − ln x
 x +δ x  m
⇒ δ y = ln   Since ⇒ ln m − ln n = ln
 x  n
 δx 
= ln 1 +
 x 
Dividing both sides by δ x
δy 1  δx 
= = ln 1 +
δx δx  x 
δy 1  δx 
lim = lim ln 1 +
δ x →0 δ x δ x →0 δ x
 x 
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MathCity.org FSc-II / Ex- 2.6 - 3
dy x 1  δx 
⇒ = δlim ⋅ ln 1 + ÷ing and ×ing by x
dx x →0 x δ x
 x 
dy 1 x  δx 
⇒ = δlim ln 1 +
dx x x→0 δ x  x 
x
dy 1  δ x δ x
⇒ = δlim ln 1+ Since m ln x = ln x m
dx x x→0  x 
 x

dy 1   δx  x
δ
⇒ = ln lim 1 +
dx x δ x→0  x  
 
1
dy 1
⇒ = ln e Since lim (1+ x ) x = e
dx x x →0
d 1
⇒ ( ln x ) = ⋅1 Since ln e = log e e =1
dx x
d 1
⇒ ( ln x ) =
dx x
Exercise 2.6 (Questions)

Question # 1
Find f ′( x) if
1
(i) f ( x ) = e x −1
(ii) f ( x ) = x e , ( x ≠ 0 )
3 x
(iii) f ( x) = e x (1 + ln x )
ex eax − e− ax
(iv) f ( x) = − x
e +1
(v) f ( x) = ln e + e ( x −x
) (vi) f ( x) = ax
e + e− ax
(vii) f ( x) = (
ln e2 x + e− 2 x ) (viii) f ( x) = ln (e 2x
+ e− 2 x )
Solution
(i) f ( x) = e x −1
Diff. w.r.t x
d d x −1
f ( x) = e
dx dx
d
⇒ f ′( x) = e x −1
dx
x −1 ( )
x −1  1 
1
− e x −1
= e  x 2 − 0 = Ans.
2  2 x
1
3 x
(ii) f ( x) = x e
Diff. w.r.t x
1
d d 3 x
f ( x) = xe
dx dx
1 1
3 d d 3
⇒ f ′( x) = x e +ex
x
x
dx dx
1 1
3 x d 1
= xe   + e 3x
dx  x 
x 2
( )
1 1
3 x 1  x d  1  d −1 1
= x e  − 2  + e 3x 2
 x 
( ) ∵
dx  x  dx
−2
  = x = −x = − 2
x
1 1 1
= − xe + 3 x e
x 2 x
= xe ( 3 x − 1)
x
Ans.
(iii) f ( x) = e x (1 + ln x )
Diff. w.r.t x
d d x
f ( x) = e (1 + ln x )
dx dx
d d
⇒ f ′( x) = e x (1 + ln x ) + (1 + ln x ) e x
dx dx
 1
= e x  0 +  + (1 + ln x ) e x
 x
1   1 + x (1 + ln x ) 
⇒ f ′( x) = e x  + 1 + ln x  or f ′( x) = e x  
x   x 
ex
(iv) f ( x) =
e− x + 1
Diff. w.r.t x
d d  ex 
f ( x) =  
dx dx  e − x + 1 
d x d −x
(
e− x + 1
dx
e − ex) dx
e +1 ( )
⇒ f ′( x) = 2
e− x + 1 ( )
=
(e −x
) (
+ 1 e x − e x e− x (−1) + 0 ) =
(
e x e − x + 1 + e− x )
2 2
(e −x
+1 ) (e −x
)
+1
e ( 2e + 1)
x −x
⇒ f ′( x) = 2
Ans.
( e + 1)
−x
(v) (
f ( x) = ln e x + e − x )
Diff. w.r.t x
d d
dx
f ( x) =
dx
ln e x + e− x ( )
1 d x
⇒ f ′( x) = e + e− x ( )
x −x
e + e dx ( )
1
= (e x
+ e − x (−1) )
( e + e− x
x
)
e x − e− x e x − e− x
⇒ f ′( x) = x or f ′( x) = tanh x ∵ tanh x = x − x
e + e− x e +e
eax − e− ax
(vi) f ( x) =
eax + e− ax
Diff. w.r.t x
d d  e ax − e − ax 
f ( x) =  
dx dx  e ax + e − ax 
( eax + e− ax ) dxd ( eax − e−ax ) − ( eax − e− ax ) dxd ( eax + e−ax )

= 2
( eax + e− ax )
=
(e ax
+ e− ax )( eax (a ) − e − ax (− a ) ) − ( eax − e− ax )( eax (a ) + e − ax (− a ) )
− ax 2
(e + e ) ax
a ( e + e )( e + e ) − a ( e − e )( e
ax − ax ax − ax ax − ax ax
− e − ax )
=
− ax 2
(e + e ) ax
a ( e + e ) − ( e − e ) 
ax − ax 2 ax − ax 2
 
= 
− ax 2
(e + e ) ax
a (e2 ax + e−2 ax + 2eax e− ax ) − (e2 ax + e−2 ax − 2eax e− ax ) 

= 2
(e ax
+ e− ax )
a e2 ax + e−2 ax + 2 − e 2 ax − e−2 ax + 2 
= ∵ e ax e − ax = e0 = 1
− ax 2
(e ax
+e )
4a
⇒ f ′( x) = 2
Ans.
( eax + e− ax )
(vii) f ( x) = (
ln e2 x + e− 2 x )
1
d d  2
⇒
dx
f ( x) =
dx 
ln e 2x
+ e −2x
( )
1 −1 d
⇒ f ( x) = ln e + e
′ 2x
( −2x
 2
)
ln e2 x + e− 2 x ( )
2  dx
1 1 d 2x
= ⋅ e + e− 2 x ( )
1
2 ln e 2 x + e − 2 x  2 e + e
(
2x − 2x
) dx ( )
1 1
= ⋅ 2x e 2 x (2) + e− 2 x (−2) ( )
) ( )
−2x
2 ln e + e2x
( −2x e +e
=
1
⋅
( 2 e2 x − e− 2 x ) =
(e 2x
− e− 2 x ) Ans.
) (e + e− 2 x )
2x
(
2 ln e 2 x + e− 2 x ( e2 x + e− 2 x ) (
ln e 2 x + e− 2 x )
(viii) f ( x) = ln (e 2x
+ e− 2 x )
1
1
(
= ln e + e 2x
)
− 2x 2
⇒ f ( x) =
2
(
ln e 2 x + e − 2 x ) ∵ ln x m = m ln x
Now diff. w.r.t x
d 1 d
dx
f ( x) =
2 dx
ln e2 x + e− 2 x ( )
Now do yourself
Question # 2
dy
Find if
dx
x
(i) y = x 2 ln x (ii) y = x ln x (iii) y =
ln x
1 x2 − 1
(iv) y = x ln 2
x
(v) y = ln 2
x +1
(vi) y = ln x + x 2 + 1 ( )
(
(vii) y = ln 9 − x 2 ) (viii) y = e −2 x sin 2 x (ix) y = e− x x3 + 2 x 2 + 1 ( )
x
(x) y = xesin x (xi) y = 5e3 x −4 (xii) y = ( x + 1)
ln x x 2 − 1 ( x + 1)
(xiii) y = ( ln x ) (xiv) y = 32
(x 3
+1 )
Solution
(i) y = x 2 ln x
1 1 2
⇒ y = x 2 ln ( x ) 2 ⇒ y = x ln x ∵ ln x m = m ln x
2
Now diff. w.r.t x
dy 1 d 2
= x ln x
dx 2 dx
1 d d 
=  x 2 ln x + ln x x 2 
2  dx dx 
1 1  1 1
=  x 2 ⋅ + ln x(2 x)  = x + x ln x or x + 2 x ln x Ans.
2 x  2 2
(ii) y = x ln x
Diff. w.r.t x
dy d 1
= x ( ln x ) 2
dx dx
d 1 1 d
= x ( ln x ) 2 + ( ln x ) 2 ( x)
dx dx
1 −1 d 1 x 1 1
= x ⋅ ( ln x ) 2 ( ln x ) + ( ln x ) 2 (1) = 1   + ( ln x ) 2
2 dx 2 ( ln x ) 2  x 
1 1 + 2ln x
= + ln x = Answer
2 ln x 2 ln x
x
(iii) y =
ln x
dy d  x 
⇒ =  
dx dx  ln x 
dx d 1
ln x − x ln x ln x (1) − x ⋅
= dx dx = x = ln x − 1 Answer
2 2 2
( ln x ) ( ln x ) ( ln x )
1
(iv) y = x 2 ln
x
⇒ y = x ln x −1
2
⇒ y = − x 2 ln x
Now do yourself.
x2 − 1
(v) y = ln
x2 + 1
1
 x2 − 1  2 1  x2 − 1 
⇒ y = ln  2  ⇒ y = ln  2 
 x + 1  2  x +1
Now diff. w.r.t x
dy 1 d  x2 − 1 
= ln  
dx 2 dx  x 2 + 1 
1 1 d  x2 − 1 
= ⋅ 2 ⋅  
2  x − 1  dx  x 2 + 1 
 2 
 x +1
 2 d 2 d 2 
x +1 2 ( ) ( 2
 x + 1 dx x − 1 − x − 1 dx x + 1  ) ( ) ( )
= ⋅ 
(
2 x2 − 1 )  x2 + 1
2
( )
 
1  x2 + 1 ( 2 x ) − x2 − 1 ( 2x ) 
( ) ( )
= ⋅ 
(
2 x −1 2
)  x 2
+ 1 ( )
 
1  2x x2 + 1 − x2 + 1 
( 1  x ( 2)
)  2x
= ⋅ = ⋅ 2 = Ans.
(
2 x −1 2
)  x 2
+ 1(  ) x 2
− 1  x +1 ( ) ( )  ( 4
x −1 )
   
(vi) (
y = ln x + x 2 + 1 )
Diff. w.r.t x
dy d
dx
=
dx
(
ln x + x 2 + 1 )
1 d 1  1 2 −1 d 
=
x + x 2 + 1 dx
x + x2 + 1 = (  1
x + x2 + 1  2
+ )
x + 1 2
dx
x2 + 1 

( ) ( )
 
1 1 + 1  = 1  x 
= ⋅ ( 2 x )  1 + 
x + x 2 + 1  2 x 2 + 1 2 
1
( x + x2 + 1 
) x2 + 1 
 
 x2 + 1 + x 
1 1
=   = Answer
2 
x + x +1  x + 1 
2
x +12
(vii) y = ln 9 − x 2 ( )
Diff. w.r.t x
dy d
dx
=
dx
ln 9 − x 2 ( )
1 d 1
= 2
9 − x dx
⋅ 9 − x2( ) =
9 − x2
⋅( − 2 x )
dy −2 x
⇒ =
dx 9 − x2
(viii) y = e −2 x sin 2 x
dy d −2 x
⇒ = e sin 2 x
dx dx
d d
= e −2 x sin 2 x + sin 2 x e−2 x
dx dx
= e cos 2 x (2) + sin 2 x e −2 x (−2)
−2 x
= 2e−2 x ( cos 2 x − sin 2 x ) Answer
(ix) (
y = e− x x3 + 2 x 2 + 1 )
Diff. w.r.t x
dy d −x 3
dx
=
dx
(
e x + 2 x2 + 1 )
d 3 d −x
= e− x
dx
( ) (
x + 2 x 2 + 1 + x3 + 2 x 2 + 1
dx
e )
( ) (
= e − x 3 x 2 + 4 x + 0 + x3 + 2 x 2 + 1 ⋅ e− x (−1) )
= e− x ( 3x + 4 x ) − ( x + 2 x
2 3 2
)
+ 1 ⋅ e− x ( )
= e − x 3x 2 + 4 x − x3 − 2 x 2 − 1
= e− x ( − x + x + 4 x − 1)
3 2
Answer
(x) y = xesin x
Diff w.r.t x
dy d sin x
= xe
dx dx
d d
= x esin x + esin x x
dx dx
d
= x ⋅ esin x sin x + esin x (1) = x ⋅ esin x cos x + esin x
dx
= e ( x cos x + 1)
sin x
Answer
(xi) Do yourself
x
(xii) y = ( x + 1)
Taking log on both sides
x
ln y = ln ( x + 1) ⇒ ln y = x ln ( x + 1)
Diff w.r.t x
d d
ln y = x ln ( x + 1)
dx dx
1 dy d dx
⇒ = x ln ( x + 1) + ln ( x + 1)
y dx dx dx
1 d
= x⋅ ( x + 1) + ln ( x + 1) (1)
x + 1 dx
 x
(1) + ln ( x + 1) 
dy
⇒ = y
dx  x +1 
x x 
= ( x + 1)  + ln ( x + 1)  Answer
 x +1 
ln x
(xiii) y = ( ln x )
ln x
ln y = ln ( ln x ) ⇒ ln y = (ln x) ⋅ ln ( ln x )
Diff w.r.t x
d d
ln y = (ln x) ⋅ ln ( ln x )
dx dx
1 dy d d
⇒ = (ln x) ln ( ln x ) + ln ( ln x ) (ln x)
y dx dx dx
1 d 1
= (ln x) ⋅ ( ln x ) + ln ( ln x ) ⋅
ln x dx x
1 ln ( ln x ) 1 + ln ( ln x )
= + =
x x x
dy  1 + ln ( ln x )  dy ln x  1 + ln ( ln x ) 
⇒ = y  ⇒ = ( ln x )  
dx  x  dx  x 
(xiv) y =
x 2 − 1 ( x + 1)
⇒ y =
( ( x + 1)( x − 1) ) 2 ( x + 1)
32 3
( x3 + 1 ) ( x + 1) x 2 − x + 1  2
 (  )
1 1 3 1
( x + 1) 2 ( x − 1) 2 ( x + 1) ( x + 1) 2 ( x − 1) 2
⇒ y = 3 3 ⇒ y = 3 3
( x + 1) 2
(x 2
− x +1) 2
( x + 1) 2
(x 2
− x +1 ) 2
1
( x − 1) 2
⇒ y = 3
(x 2
− x +1 ) 2

1
( x − 1) 2
ln y = ln 3
(x 2
− x +1 ) 2
1 3
= ln( x − 1) 2 − ln x − x + 1 ( 2
) 2
1 3
⇒ ln y =
2
ln( x − 1) − ln x 2 − x + 1
2
( )
Now diff. w.r.t x
d 1 d 3 d
dx
ln y =
2 dx
ln( x − 1) −
2 dx
ln x 2 − x + 1 ( )
1 dy 1 1 d 3 1 d 2
⇒ = ( x − 1) − x − x +1 ( )
y dx 2 x − 1 dx 2 x 2 − x + 1 dx ( )
1 3 1 3 ( 2 x − 1)
= (1) − ( 2 x − 1) = −
2 ( x − 1) 2 x2 − x + 1 ( )
2 ( x − 1) 2 x 2 − x + 1 ( )
dy  x 2 − x + 1 − 3 ( 2 x − 1)( x − 1) 
⇒ = y 
dx  2 ( x − 1) x 2 − x + 1  ( )
1
( x − 1) 2  x2 − x + 1 − 3 2x2 − x − 2x + 1 ( ) 
= ⋅
( x2 − x + 1 )
3
2  2 ( x − 1) x 2 − x + 1 ( ) 
 2 2

− + − + + − −5 x 2 + 8 x − 2
=  
x x 1 6 x 3 x 6 x 3
=
 1 3 +1  1 5
 2 ( x − 1)
1−
2 x2 − x + 1 2
(
 ) 2 ( x − 1) 2
(x 2
)
− x +1 2
dy 5x2 − 8x + 2
⇒ = − 5 Ans.
dx 2 x − 1 x2 − x + 1 ( ) 2
(xv) y =
( x + 2) ⋅ x −1
x2 + x − 2
2 2
⇒ y =
( x + 2) ⋅ x −1
⇒ y =
( x + 2) ⋅ x − 1
2
x + 2x − x − 2 x ( x + 2 ) − 1( x + 2 )
2
⇒ y =
( x + 2) ⋅ x − 1 ⇒ y =
2−
1
⇒ y =
3
( x + 2) 2 ( x + 2) 2
( x + 2 )( x − 1)
Now diff. w.r.t x
3
dy d
= ( x + 2) 2
dx dx
Do yourself
2.1.3 Derivative of Hyperbolic Function (page 85)
The hyperbolic functions are define by
e x − e− x e x + e− x
sinh x = , x∈R ; cosh x = , x∈R
2 2
sinh x e x − e− x
and tanh x = = , x∈R
cosh x e x + e − x
The reciprocal of these functions are defined as;
1 2 1 2
csch x = = x − x , x ∈ R − {0} ; sech x = = x , x∈R
sinh x e − e cosh x e + e− x
1 e x + e− x
and coth x = = , x ∈ R − {0}
tanh x e x − e − x
and there derivatives are
d d
(i) ( sinh x ) = cosh x (ii) ( cosh x ) = sinh x
dx dx
d d
(iii) ( tanh x ) = sech 2 x (iv) ( coth x ) = − csch 2 x
dx dx
d d
(v) ( sech x ) = − sech x tanh x (vi) ( csch x ) = − csch x coth x
dx dx
Proof:
d d  e x − e− x  d  1 x − x  1 d x − x
(i) ( sinh x ) =   =  (e − e )  = (e − e )
dx dx  2  dx  2  2 dx
1 d d  1 1
=  e x − e − x  = ( e x − e − x ( −1) ) = ( e x + e− x )
2  dx dx  2 2
 e x + e− x 
=  = cosh x
 2 
(ii) Similar as above.
(iii) See the below (iv) proof.
d d  e x + e− x 
(iv) coth x =  x − x 
dx dx  e − e 
d x d
(e x
− e− x )
dx
( e + e− x ) − ( e x + e − x ) ( e x − e− x )
dx
= 2
( e x − e− x )
=
(e x
− e − x )( e x + e − x (−1) ) − ( e x + e − x )( e x − e − x (−1) )
2
(e x
− e− x )
=
(e x
− e − x )( e x − e − x ) − ( e x + e− x )( e x + e− x )
2
(e x
− e− x )
2 2
=
(e x
− e− x ) − ( e x + e− x )
2
(e x
− e− x )
(e2 x + e −2 x − 2e x e− x ) − (e2 x + e−2 x + 2e x e− x )
= 2
(e x
− e− x )
e2 x + e −2 x − 2 − e2 x − e−2 x − 2
= ∵ e x e − x = e0 = 1
−x 2
(e x
−e )
2
−4  2 
= 2
= −  x − x  = − csch 2 x
(e x
− e− x ) e −e 
( sech x ) =  x − x  = 2 ( e x + e− x ) = 2 ( e x + e− x )
d d 2 d −1 d −1
(v)
dx dx  e + e  dx dx
 −1−1 d 
= 2 ( −1) ( e x + e− x ) ( e x + e− x ) 
 dx 
−2 −2
= −2 ( e x + e − x ) ( e x + e− x ( −1) ) = 2 ( e x − e− x )
( e x + e− x )
−2 ( e x − e − x ) 2 ( e x − e− x )
= x =−
( e + e− x )( e x + e− x ) ( e x + e− x ) ( e x + e− x )
= − sech x tanh x
(vi) Do yourself as above (v).
2.14 Derivative of Inverse Hyperbolic Function (page 86)
d 1 d 1
(i) sinh −1 x = (ii) cosh −1 x =
dx 1 + x2 dx x2 − 1
d 1 d 1
(iii) tanh −1 x = 2
(iv) coth −1 x =
dx 1− x dx 1 − x2
d −1 d −1
(v) sech −1 x = (vi) csch −1 x =
dx x 1 − x2 dx x 1 + x2
Proof:
(i) Let y = sinh −1 x ⇒ sinh y = x
differentiate w.r.t. x.
d d dy dy 1
sinh y = x ⇒ cosh y = 1 ⇒ =
dx dx dx dx cosh y
dy 1
⇒ = ∵ cosh 2 x − sinh 2 x = 1
dx 2
1 + sinh y
dy 1
⇒ = ∵ sinh y = x
dx 1 + x2
(ii) Do yourself as above.
(iii) Do yourself as (iv) below or see book at page 88.
(iv) Let y = coth −1 x ⇒ coth y = x
differentiate w.r.t. x
d d dy dy 1
coth y = x ⇒ − csch 2 y = 1 ⇒ =
dx dx dx dx − csch 2 y
dy 1
⇒ = 2
∵ coth 2 y − 1 = csch 2 y
dx −(coth y − 1)
dy 1 1
⇒ = =
dx − coth y + 1 1 − coth 2 y
2
dy 1
⇒ = ∵ coth y = x
dx 1 − x 2
(v) Suppose y = sech −1 x ⇒ sech y = x
differentiate w.r.t. x
d d dy dy 1
sech y = x ⇒ − sech y tanh y = 1 ⇒ =
dx dx dx dx − sech y tanh y
dy −1
⇒ = ∵ 1 − tanh 2 y = sech 2 y
dx sech y 1 − tanh y 2
dy −1
⇒ = ∵ sech y = x
dx x 1 − x 2
(vi) Do yourself as above
Question # 3
dy
Find if
dx
π π
(i) y = cosh 2 x (ii) y = sinh 3 x (iii) y = tanh −1 (sin x), − <x<
2 2
 x
(iv) y = sinh −1 x3( ) (v) y = ( ln tanh x ) (vi) y = sinh −1  
2
Solution
(i) y = cosh 2 x
Diff. w.r.t x
dy d dy d dy
= cosh 2 x ⇒ = sinh 2 x (2 x) ⇒ = 2sinh 2 x
dx dx dx dx dx
(ii) Do yourself
(iii) y = tanh −1 (sin x) ⇒ tanh y = sin x

Diff. w.r.t x
d d
tanh y = (sin x)
dx dx
dy dy cos x
⇒ sech 2 y = cos x ⇒ =
dx dx sech 2 y
dy cos x
⇒ = 2
∵ cosh 2 θ − sinh 2 θ = 1
dx 1 − tanh y
∴ 1 − tanh 2 θ = sech 2 θ
cos x
= ∵ sin x = tanh y
1 − sin 2 x
cos x dy
= ⇒ = sec x
cos 2 x dx
(iv) ( )
y = sinh −1 x3 ⇒ sinh y = x3
d d 3 dy
⇒ sinh y = x ⇒ cosh y = 3x 2
dx dx dx
dy 3x 2
⇒ =
dx cosh y
3x 2
= ∵ cosh 2 y − sinh 2 y = 1
2
1 + sinh y
3x 2 3x 2
= = . Answer
3 2 6
1+ x ( ) 1+ x
(v) Do yourself
 x x
(vi) y = sinh −1   ⇒ sinh y =
2 2
Now diff w.r.t x
d d x dy 1
sinh y =   ⇒ cosh y =
dx dx  2  dx 2
dy 1
⇒ =
dx 2cosh y ∵ cosh 2 y − sinh 2 y = 1
1 ∴ cosh 2 y = 1 + sinh 2 y
=
2 1 + sinh 2 y
1 1 1
= = = Answer.
2 2 2
2 1 + ( x / 2) 2 (4 + x ) / 2 4+ x
Error Analyst
Muzammil Ahsan 2009-11 Govt. Post Graduate Collage Jauharabad Distt. Khushab
Muhammad Usman Saleem 2013-14 DPS & IC Jauharabad
Asma Mussarat Fazaia Degree College Risalpur
Irfan Mehmood Fazaia Degree College Risalpur
Please report us error at www.mathcity.org/error
Book: Exercise 2.4

Calculus and Analytic Geometry Mathematic 12
Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.
Available online at http://www.MathCity.org in PDF Format

(Picture format to view online).
Updated: September,12,2017.
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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
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Exercise 2.

2.10 Derivative of General Exponential Function (Page 80)

Derivative of Natural Exponential Function

2.11 Derivative of General Logarithmic Function (page 81)

Derivative of Natural Logarithmic Function

Exercise 2.6 (Questions)

( eax + e− ax ) dxd ( eax − e−ax ) − ( eax − e− ax ) dxd ( eax + e−ax )

a (e2 ax + e−2 ax + 2eax e− ax ) − (e2 ax + e−2 ax − 2eax e− ax ) 

Taking log on both sides

(iii) y = tanh −1 (sin x) ⇒ tanh y = sin x

Book: Exercise 2.4

Available online at http://www.MathCity.org in PDF Format

These resources are shared under the licence Attribution-

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