Most common benign hepatic lesion Hemangioma

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common benign hepatic tumor during fist 6 mo. of life Infantile Hemangioendothelioma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common benign intraconal tumor of the orbit in adults Cavernous hemangiomas.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common benign masses caused by asbestos exposure Atelectatic Asbestos Pseudotumor
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common benign mesenchymal tumor of kidney AML
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common benign mucosal tumor of the esophagus Papilloma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common benign nasopharyngeal tumor Juvenile angiofibroma.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common benign orbital tumor in childhood Dermoid Cyst of Orbit
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common benign ovarian neoplasm in young and middle-aged women (<45 years) Mature
teratoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common benign radiation-induced tumor of the musculoskeletal system Osteochondroma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of colovesical fistula Diverticulitis
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of congenital CNS infection CMV.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of congenital duodenal obstruction Duodenal atresia.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of congenital sensorineural hearing loss Giant vestibular aqueduct
syndrome
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of cord ischemia Thromboembolic disease
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of coronary artery aneurysm Atherosclerosis
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of coronary artery aneurysm Worldwide Kawasaki
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of cyanosis in a child Tetralogy of Fallot
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of cyanosis in newborn Transposition of great vessels
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of death in a severe pelvic fracture Hemorrhage.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of death in Ataxia;Telangiectasia Respiratory failure.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of death in Jeune syndrome Respiratory failure
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of drop mets Medulloblastoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of dwarfism Achondroplasia
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of echogenic renal pyramids in children Furosemide

Most common benign tumor of spleen Hemangioma

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common benign tumor of the larynx Squamous papilloma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common benign tumor of the lung Hamartoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common benign tumor of the small bowel GIST
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common benign vascular gastric tumor Glomus tumor of stomach.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common bilateral testicular tumor Lymphoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common biliary complication s/p lap. cholecystectomy Bile duct leak from cystic duct
stump.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common biliary complication s/p liver transplantation Obstruction/stenosis at anastomosis.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common bone to develop an osteochondroma Femur (tibia second most common)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common brain anomaly on prenatal sonograms Isolated Mild Ventriculomegaly
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common breast tumor under age 25 years Fibroadenoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cardiac manifestation of Systemic Lupus Erythematous Pericarditis
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cardiac tumor in children Rhabdomyoma.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cardiac valvular tumor Papillary fibroelastoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common carpal dislocation Transscaphoid perilunate dislocation.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common causative organism of acute pyogenic meningitis in adults Strep. pneumoniae
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common causative organism of neonatal pyogenic meningitis E. coli
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause for failure of dialysis graft : Fibrointimal hyperplasia venous outflow
stenosis.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause for late failure in lung transplant patient Bronchiolitis obliterans
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause for pulmonary edema Left-sided heart disease
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause non iatrogenic cause of small bowel obstruction Hernia
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of a large choroid plexus cyst Trisomy 18.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of a large pleural fluid collection in the newborn period Chylothorax
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of acute renal failure in children requiring dialysis HUS
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common bladder neoplasm in children younger than 10 years Rhabdomyosarcoma

Most common cause of acute testicular pain in postpubertal male Acute epididymitis
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of acute testicular pain in prepubertal male Torsion
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of AIDS cholangiopathy Cryptosporidium
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of an echogenic renal mass in a 3-month-old Mesoblastic nephroma.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of an intraorbital mass lesion in adult Pseudotumor of Orbit
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of AS in Western world Degenerative disease
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of bilateral breast edema CHF.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of bilateral echogenic renal cortex Chronic glomerulonephritis.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of biliary obstruction Choledocholithiasis
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of bleeding between menstrual cycles Endometrial hyperplasia.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of bronchopneumonia Staphylococcal
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of cancer deaths in males and females Bronchogenic Carcinoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of cause of infectious esophagitis Candida Esophagitis
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of cavitary (necrotic) pneumonia in a child Strep pneum.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of Charcot joints Diabetes mellitus
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of CHF in a child ALCAPA / aberrant left coronary artery
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of CHF in a neonate Hypoplastic Left Heart.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of chronic hydronephrosis in renal transplant UV anastomosis stricture.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of colonic obstruction in adults Malignancy
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of colonic obstruction in the infant Meconium plug syndrome in CF
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common benign rib lesion in an adult Fibrous dysplasia.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common benign soft-tissue tumor of the foot Plantar fibromatosis
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common benign soft-tissue tumor of vascular origin Hemangioma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common benign solid tumor in women of childbearing age Fibroadenoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common benign testicular mass Simple cyst

Most common aortic branch involved in Takayasu arteritis Left subclavian

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of respiratory distress in newborn Transient tachypnea of the newborn
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location to see Asbestosis sequale Posterior lower lobes.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common karyotype / chromosomal abnormality in USA Down's syndrome
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common osseous lymphoma, primary and secondary Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common primary malignant orbital tumor in childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of fluid collection in scrotum Hydrocele
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of liposarcoma to affect children Myxoid liposarcoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common abdominal emergency of early childhood Intussusception.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common acetabular fracture Posterior acetabulum.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common affected bowel segment in TB Ileocecal area.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common affected joint in gout First MTP.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common AIDS related neoplasm Kaposi Sarcoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common allergic aspergillosis syndrome Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common anatomic variant of pancreas Pancreas divisum
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common anomalous course of RCA Interarterial
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common appearance of Legionella at the peak of the disease Bilateral airspace
consolidation.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common assoc. w/ Fx of great toe distal phalanx with physeal involvement Osteomyelitis.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common associated anomaly with coarctation Bicuspid valve.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common association of PAPVR Sinus venosus type ASD.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common association with small left colon syndrome Maternal DM
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common bacterial cause of mesenteric adenitis Yersinia enterocolitica.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common benign cardiac rhythm abnormality PAC
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common benign cartilage-containing tumor Osteochondroma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common benign growth of the skeleton Osteochondroma

Most common cause of valvular heart disease Degenerative

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of vascular ring Double arch.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of vertebra plana in children EG
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause requiring bronchial artery embolization CF
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause worldwide for cholangiocarcinoma Clonorchis sinensis infestation
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cerebellar neoplasm in children Medulloblastoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cerebral mass lesion in AIDS Toxoplasmosis
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common chest radiograph finding seen in pts with an acute PE Atelectasis
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common chest x-ray abnormality in the ICU Atelectasis
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common child abuse facture Diaphyseal fracture,
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common collagen disorder for a pleural effusion SLE
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common colonic polyp Hyperplastic polyp
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common colonic site for lymphoma Cecum
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common complication of ERCP Pancreatitis
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common complication of popliteal artery aneurysm Distal ischemia (thrombosis/embolism)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common complication with IVC filters DVT.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common component of mixed germ cell tumors Embryonal Cell Carcinoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common congenital abnormality of GI tract Meckel's diverticulum
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common congenital anomaly of CNS in live births Myelomeningocele
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common congenital defect of CNS Anencephaly.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common congenital head and neck cyst in a child Thornwaldt cyst
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common congenital heart disease Bicuspid aortic valve.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common congenital intracranial tumor Epidermoid or inclusion cyst
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common congenital lesion of bile ducts Choledochal Cyst
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of urinary obstruction in boys posterior urethral valves

Most common cause of pseudomyxoma peritonei Appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of pseudoureterocele Bladder tumor
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of pulmonary hypoplasia Diaphragmatic hernia
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of pulmonary tumor embolus Gastric carcinoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of recurrent hip disloc. s/p hip arthroplasty Acetabular component
malposition
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of reflux in child w/ non-duplicated collecting system Short intramural
ureter.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of renal vein thrombosis in adults Nephrotic syndrome
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy Amyloid
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of round pneumonia in children Streptococcus
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of small bowel obstruction Adhesions
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of squamous cell ca. in the renal pelvis Chronic Infected stag horn calculus
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of stridor in neonate and young infant Laryngomalacia
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of sudden cardiac death among young people Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
(HOCM)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of SVC syndrome Bronchogenic carcinoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of testicular swelling Hydrocele
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of the pulmonary-renal syndrome Microscopic polyangitis.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of the stripe sign on V/Q scan COPD
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of thoracic outlet syndrome Scalene anticus.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of toxic mega colon Pseudomembranous colitis.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of tree in bud appearance on CT Bronchiolitis
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of tricuspid stenosis Rheumatic heart disease
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis Malignant invasion
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of unilateral nonperfused lung on V/Q scan Bronchogenic carcinoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of unilateral pulmonary edema Prolonged unilateral dependent positioning
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of postpartum fever Endometritis

Most common cause of ejaculatory duct obstruction Mullerian duct cyst

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of endometriosis in girls <16 years of age Obstructive müllerian duct
anomalies
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of end-stage renal disease Diabetic Nephropathy
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of epididymitis in males aged 15 to 35 years Sexually transmitted diseases
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of esophageal rupture Iatrogenic
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in patients <30 years of age CF
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of facial hemipalsy Bell palsy
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of false-positive V/Q scan for acute PE Previous pulmonary embolism
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of fungal infection in AIDS patients Cryptococcosis
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of gastrocolic fistula Gastric ulcer.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of heart failure in patients with COPD Atherosclerotic heart disease
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of hemifacial spasticity is vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of hepatic calcifications Infection
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of hydronephrosis in the newborn male Ureteropelvic junction
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of hyperreflexive bladder Spinal cord trauma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of increased nuchal thickness Downs syndrome
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of interstitial and airspace edema CHF
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of intradiaphragmatic cyst Extralobar sequestration
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of intraventricular hemorrhage disruption of the subependymal veins
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of intussusception in children >6 years Lymphoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of large spherical pancreatic calcifications in children Hereditary
pancreatitis
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of left atrial dilatation Mitral regurgitation.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of leukokoria Retinoblastoma.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of liver metastasis Colon.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of lower extremity venous valve dysfunction DVT.

Most common intrathoracic foregut cyst Bronchogenic Cyst

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common intrauterine CNS infection CMV
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common intravascular venous tumor Leiomyosarcoma of IVC
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common in-utero renal tumor Mesoblastic nephroma.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common invasive gynecologic malignancy Endometrial malignancy
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common islet cell tumor in MEN 1 Gastrinoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common islet cell tumor of the pancreas Insulinoma.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common joint involved in synovial osteochondromatosis Knee
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common lesion to cause expansion of paranasal sinus Mucocele
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common lethal bone dysplasia Osteogenesis imperfecta type II ?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common liver tumor after metastases Hemangioma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common lobe affected in bronchial atresia Left upper lobe.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location for a cephalhematoma Parietal
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location for a gastric diverticulum Posterior wall of the gastric fundus.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location for a pilocytic astrocytoma Cerebellum
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location for a solitary myeloma of the bone Thoracolumbar spine
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location for a synovial sarcoma Knee
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location for a Tarlov cyst Posterior rootlets of S2 + S3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location for abdominal sarcoid involvement Stomach
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location for atelectatic asbestos pseudotumor Posteromedial & -lateral basal
region of lower lobes
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location for chordomas Sacral spine.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location for gallbladder perforation Fundus
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location for Sclerosing Osteomyelitis of Garré (sterile Osteomyelitis) Mandible
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location for typhlitis Cecum.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location for well-differentiated liposarcoma Thigh

Most common congenital solid tumor in the newborn Sacrococcygeal Teratoma (1:40K live
births)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cranial nerve affected by a pituitary macroadenoma CN VI.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cranial nerve to be affected with schwannoma VIII
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common craniofacial malformation Facial Clefting
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common crystalline arthropathy CPPD
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common CT finding in bowel ischemia Bowel wall thickening.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cyanotic congenital heart malformation beyond neonatal period TOF
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cyst of the jaw Radicular cyst = Periapical cyst
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cystic lesion of prostate Cystic degeneration of BPH
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cystic tumor of pancreas Mucinous cystic neoplasm
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common diffuse breast disorder Fibrocystic disease of breast.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common diffuse gray matter degenerative disease Alzheimer's
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common dislocated auditory ossicle longitudinal temporal bone fracture Incus
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common dislocation in adult Glenohumeral.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common dislocation in child Elbow.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common epididymal neoplasm Adenomatoid tumor
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common estrogenic ovarian tumor Granulosa Cell Tumor
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common etiology for chronic temporal lobe epilepsy Ganglioglioma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common etiology for multiple small gastric polyps Hyperplastic polyps.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common etiology for osteomyelitis Staphylococcus aureus.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common etiology of bilaterally enlarged, hyperechoic kidneys in newborn infant AR PKD.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common etiology of mesenteric adenitis Viral
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common etiology of pneumomediastinum Alveolar rupture.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common etiology of rickets Vitamin D deficiency.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common extra-adrenal site of pheochromocytoma Organ of Zuckerkandl.

Most common extraaxial neoplasm of CNS Meningioma

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common extragonadal site of primary germ cell tumors Anterior mediastinum.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common extrapulmonary site of tuberculosis Urinary tract
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common fetal cardiac anomaly seen on 4 chamber view US AV canal defect (aka ECD)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common fibromatosis in childhood Infantile Myofibromatosis
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common finding of a tubal pregnancy seen on US images Adnexal mass separate from
ovary
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common finding of contralateral kidney in MCKD Reflux
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common fluid collection seen in transplant patients Lymphoceles.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common form of aortic stenosis Valvular
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common form of carpal instability DISI
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common form of emphysema in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency Panlobular emphysema
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common form of emphysema in nonsmokers Panlobular emphysema
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common form of emphysema in smokers Centrilobular emphysema
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Asymmetric involvement of the
interventricular septum
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common form of skeletal dysplasia Acquired skeletal dysplasia.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common form of systemic vasculitis in adults Giant cell (temporal) arteritis
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common fracture of forearm Colles
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common functional tumors of the ovary Sex cord-stromal tumors
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common fungal infection in AIDS Cryptococcus.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common genitourinary organ affected by neurofibromas Urinary bladder
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common germ cell tumor associated with excessive hCG production Choriocarcinoma.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common germ cell tumor associated with excessive hCG production after choriocarcinoma
Dysgerminoma.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common GI neoplasm Adenoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common GI tract location for primary extranodal lymphoma Stomach, usually NHL type.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common glial tumor in adults Ependymoma

Most common glial tumor in NF 1 JPA.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common glial tumor with microcalcifications Oligodendroglioma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common gynecologic neoplasm Uterine Leiomyoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common hereditary hypercoagulable condition Factor V Leiden
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common hereditary leukodystrophy Metachromatic leukodystrophy
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common histologic type of bronchogenic carcinoma associated with cavitation Squamous
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common histologic type of bronchogenic carcinoma associated with pancoast tumor
Squamous
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common histologic type of bronchogenic carcinoma associated with pleural effusion
Adenocarcinoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common histologic type of lung cancer associated with asbestosis exposure BAC
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common histologic type of primary cutaneous lymphoma T-cell lymphoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common ILD to be found in association with collagen vascular disease NSIP
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common indication for percutaneous vertebroplasty Osteoporosis.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common infection to cause cerebellar hypoplasia & migration anomalies CMV
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common infratentorial neoplasm in an adult Metastases
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common inherited disease among Caucasian Americans CF
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common internal enhancement pattern in DCIS with non mass like enhancement Clumped
enhancement
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common intracranial for site of teratomas Pineal region.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common intracranial presentation of TB Tuberculous meningitis.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common intramedullary spinal neoplasm in adults Ependymoma of Spinal Cord
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common intramedullary tumor in children Astrocytoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common intramedullary tumor of adults Ependymoma.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common intraocular neoplasm in childhood Retinoblastoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common intraorbital tumors found in adults Cavernous hemangiomas.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common intrathoracic fetal anomaly Congenital diaphragmatic Hernia
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location in biliary tree for cholangiocarcinoma Upper third/perihilar region.

Most common nonepithelial malignant bladder tumor Leiomyosarcoma.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common nonepithelial tumor in the colon Lipoma.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common nonepithelial tumor of the bladder Leiomyoma.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common nonglial primary tumors of the central nervous system Meningiomas.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common nonlymphoproliferative primary malignant tumor of the spine in adults
Chordoma.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common nonlymphoproliferative primary malignant tumor of the spine in children PNET.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common nontraumatic cause of acute limp in a child Toxic synovitis.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common non-traumatic cause of facial nerve paralysis & hearing loss CPA tumor.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common odontogenic mass Odontoma= odontogenic hamartomatous malformation.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common of all alimentary tract duplications Small Bowel Duplication Cyst.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common of cerebral vascular malformation DVA.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common opportunistic infection in AIDS Toxoplasmosis.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common organism involved in pancreatic abscess E. Coli.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common organism of acute pyogenic meningitis in infants & children N. meningitides.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common origin of cystic artery Right hepatic artery.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common osteochondrodysplasia Hereditary Multiple Exostoses
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common ovarian neoplasm Dermoid aka dermoid cyst = Mature cystic teratoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common ovarian tumor-related morbidity Bowel obstruction
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common pancreatic abnormality in adult pt's with CF Complete fatty replacement
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common paraneoplastic disease associated with thymoma Myasthenia gravis
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common parasitic infection involving CNS in developing countries Cysticercosis
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common parotid disease in children Mumps parotitis.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common pattern of bronchial arteries Two left & one right bronchial artery
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common pattern of enhancement at DE MR cardiac imaging Patchy midwall enhancement
with multiple foci
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common pattern of hepatic involvement of secondary lymphoma Diffuse infiltrative

Most common location in the spine for an osteochondroma Cervical (C2) followed by thoracic
T8
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location of a meningioma in the spine Thoracic spinal cord
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location of a periurethral diverticulum in a female Posterolateral.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location of an ectopic pregnancy Ampullary region of the fallopian tube.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location of benign and malignant masses in breast Upper outer quadrant
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location of bronchogenic carcinoma Right upper lobe
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location of coarctation Postductal beyond the origin of the left subclavian artery.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location of coronary calcifications LAD.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location of DAI Frontotemporal gray-white matter junction.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location of GIST Stomach.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location of GU obstruction in a neonatal male Ureteropelvic junction.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location of intracranial dissection Vertebral arteries.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location of intraorbital abscess Subperiosteal space on medial wall.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location of intraventricular meningioma Atrium of the lateral ventricle.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location of oligodendroglioma Frontal lobe.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma Temporal lobes.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location of pulmonary sequestration Posterior medial lower.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location of PVNS Knee.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location of sarcoidosis in spinal cord Cervical.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location of the biliary embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma CBD
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location of triquetral fracture is dorsal avulsion
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location to find a lithopedion Adnexae
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location to see intravertebral vacuum phenomenon (Kümmell Disease)
Thoracolumbar junction
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common lung infection in HIV Bacterial pneumonia
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Most common manifestation of blunt chest trauma Pulmonary contusion

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common mass lesion of the cerebellopontine angle after acoustic schwannoma
Meningioma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common mediastinal germ cell tumor Seminoma.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common mediastinal mass in a child between the ages of 6 & 12 years old Lymphoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common mediastinal neurogenic tumor Schwannoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common mesenchymal origin neoplasm of GI tract GIST
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common metabolic liver disease in children Hepatic cirrhosis in homozygous alpha-1
Antitrypsin Deficiency
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common metastases to the spleen Breast carcinoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common metastasis to the heart Melanoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common metastatic cause of linitis plastica Breast carcinoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common metatarsal to have a stress fracture Second metatarsal.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common missed type of breast cancer on mammography Infiltrating/Invasive Lobular
Carcinoma.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common mitral valve abnormality in the Western world Non-rheumatic mitral valve
disease.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common monodermal teratoma Struma ovarii.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common motor neuron disease ALS.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common MR imaging finding in DCIS Non-mass like enhancement.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common mycotic pneumonia in an AIDS patient Cryptococcus.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common natural outcome of the VSD Spontaneous complete closure.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common neonatal cyanotic congenital heart malformation TGV
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common neonatal lesion of adrenal gland Nontraumatic Adrenal Hemorrhage.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common neoplasm of conus medullaris Myxopapillary Ependymoma of Spinal Cord.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common neoplasm of internal auditory canal / cerebellopontine angle Vestibular
Schwannoma.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract in patients with NF1 Neurofibromas.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common nerve to be involved in tarsal tunnel syndrome Posterior tibial nerve.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common nonepidemic meningoencephalitis in immunocompetent individuals in US Herpes
Encephalitis.

Most common lysosomal storage disorder Gaucher's disease

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common malformation associated with callosal agenesis Dandy-Walker malformation.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common malignancy of childhood Leukemia.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common malignancy of parotid gland in adult Mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common malignant abdominal neoplasm in children 1-8 years old Wilms Tumor.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common malignant bone tumor in children Ewings
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common malignant cause of bilateral global renal enlargement Lymphoma.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common malignant neoplasm of diaphragm Fibrosarcoma.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common malignant neoplasm of the spleen Lymphoma.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common malignant ovarian neoplasm Serous adenocarcinoma.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common malignant ovarian neoplasm Serous cystadenocarcinoma.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common malignant primary bone tumor in young adults + children Osteosarcoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common malignant radiation-induced tumor of the musculoskeletal system MFH
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common malignant sex cord-stromal tumor Granulosa cell tumor
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common malignant testicular neoplasm Nonseminomatous germ cell tumors
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common malignant tumor affecting ribs of children + adolescents Ewings Sarcoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common malignant tumor of the abdomen in patients with NF1 Malignant peripheral nerve
sheath tumor
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common malignant tumor of the duodenum Adenocarcinoma.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common malignant tumor of the heart Angiosarcoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common malignant tumor of the small bowel Carcinoid
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common mammographic finding in DCIS Microcalcifications
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common mammographic finding in Infiltrating/Invasive Lobular Carcinoma Architectural
distortion.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common manifestation of asbestosis exposure Pleural plaques
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common manifestation of asbestos-related pleural disease Pleural effusion
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Most common pediatric glioma JPA

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common pediatric tumor causing isosexual precocious puberty in a girl Granulosa cell
tumor
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common phakomatoses NF1
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common pineal tumor Pineal Germinoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common predisposing cause to develop pneumothorax during percutaneous lung biopsy
COPD
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common predisposing disorder of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax COPD
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common pregnancy-related mortality in the first trimester Ectopic pregnancy
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common presentation for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Dyspnea
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common presentation in stuck twin syndrome Monochorionic diamniotic
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common presentation of bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma (BAC) Solitary pulmonary
nodule.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common presentation of GIST on cross sectional imaging Cystic areas of necrosis.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common presentation of mesoblastic nephroma Palpable mass at birth.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common presentation of neurocysticercosis Seizures.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common presenting symptom of Osler Weber Rendu Hemoptysis.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common primary benign mesenteric tumor Desmoid.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common primary brain tumor GBM.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common primary cardiac tumors in adults Myxomas.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common primary cerebellar mass in an adult Hemangioblastoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common primary demyelinating disease MS
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common primary female urethral malignancy Squamous cell carcinoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common primary hepatic neoplasm in infants & children <5 years old Hepatoblastoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common primary intraocular neoplasm in adult Caucasian Uveal Melanoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common primary lung tumor under age 16 Bronchial Adenoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common primary malignant rib tumor Chondrosarcoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common primary malignant sacral tumor Sacrococcygeal Chordoma

Most common primary malignant sacral tumor Sacrococcygeal Chordoma

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common primary malignant soft-tissue tumor of late adult life Soft-tissue MFH
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common primary neoplasm of the spleen Cavernous hemangioma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common primary neoplasms of the anterior superior mediastinum Thymomas.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common primary posterior mediastinal neoplasms Neurogenic tumors
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common primary tumor of the diaphragm Lipoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common radiation-induced CNS tumor Meningioma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common reason for cardiac transplantation Dilated cardiomyopathy
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common recognized CNS manifestation of VHL disease Hemangioblastoma of CNS
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common relevant finding on cavogram for IVC filter placement Circumaortic left renal
vein.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common renal fusion anomaly Horseshoe kidney
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Most common renal mass in a 3 months old infant Mesoblastic nephroma
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Most common respiratory cause of cold agglutinin production Mycoplasma pneumonia
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Most common retinal infection in AIDS Toxoplasmosis
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Most common right cardiophrenic angle mass Epicardial fat-pad/lipoma
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Most common segment involved in tracheobronchial injury Right lower lobe bronchus.
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Most common sex cord-stromal cell tumor Ovarian Fibroma
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Most common sign of failing dialysis graft Increased venous pressures
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common sign of tuberous sclerosis Myoclonic seizures
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common single cause of breast lumps in females between 35 to 55 years of age Breast cyst
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common site for an intracardiac papillary fibroelastoma Aortic valve.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common site for aneurysm in the chest Descending thoracic aorta.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common site for cardiac myxoma Left atrium
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common site for intra cardiac thrombus formation Atrial appendage.
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Most common site for optic melanoma metastases Liver

Most common site for penetrating aortic ulcers Descending thoracic aorta
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common site of abdominal involvement in Hodgkins disease Spleen
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common site of aortic dissection Prox. Desc. Thoracic aorta near ductus lig. attachment
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common site of biliary tract injury caused by blunt abdominal trauma Gallbladder
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common site of monostotic fibrous dysplasia Ribs
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common site of rupture of sinus of Valsalva aneurysm RV followed by RA.
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Most common solid extracranial tumor of childhood Neuroblastoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common spermatic cord tumor Lipoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common spinal cord segment of lymphoma of spinal cord Cervical
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common spinal cord tumor Ependymoma
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Most common spinal location for cord astrocytoma Thoracic
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Most common spinal location for cord ependymoma Cervical
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Most common subcortical degenerative disease Parkinson's
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common subglottic soft-tissue upper resp. tract obstructing mass in neonates Subglottic
Hemangioma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common submucosal tumor in colon Lipoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common subtype of NHL involving the esophagus Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma Clear cell adenocarcinomas
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Most common suprasellar mass Craniopharyngioma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common syndromic islet cell tumor Insulinoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common systemic allergic hypersensitivity-related acute small-vessel vasculitis in children
HSP
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common systemic fungal infection in immunocompromised patients Candidiasis Of Liver
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common tarsal bone to get fractured Calcaneus
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Most common tarsal coalition Talocalcaneal
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Most common testicular tumor in a young boy Yolk sac tumor
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common tibial plateau fractures Lateral tibial plateau (Schatzker classification type I-III)

Most common trigonal intraventricular mass in adulthood Meningioma

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Most common tumor of adenohypophysis Pituitary Adenoma
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Most common tumor of genitourinary tract Metachronous TCC
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common tumor of the appendix Carcinoid
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common tumor of the esophagus Leiomyomas
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common tumor of the minor salivary glands Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of abdominal wall hernia Inguinal hernia
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of ASD Ostium secundum
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of brain hernaition anterior / uncal transtentorial
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of brain herniation Subfalcine herniation
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of C2 fractures Type 2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of cancer to arise from a thyroglossal duct cyst Papillary carcinoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of cardiomyopathy Dilated cardiomyopathy
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of choledochal cyst fusiform dilatation of the extrahepatic duct Type 1c
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of congenital internal hernia Left paraduodenal hernia
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of encephalocele in SE Asia Sincipital Encephalocele
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of encephalocele in US Occipital Encephalocele
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of endoleak in the abdominal aorta Type II endoleak
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of endoleak in the thoracic aorta Type I endoleak
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of fracture of the proximal 5th metatarsal bone Peroneus brevis avulsion
fracture.
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Most common type of gallbladder inflammation Chronic cholecystitis
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of internal hernia Postoperative, transmesenteric hernias.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of intrapulmonary involvement of Hodgkins disease Bronchovascular form.
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Most common type of liver abscess Pyogenic Liver Abscess
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Most common type of lymphoma involving the head and neck region Diffuse large B-cell
lymphoma
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Most common type of malignancy in undescended testis Seminoma

Most common type of meniscal tear OBLIQUE / FLAP TEAR

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Most common type of Mucopolysaccharidoses Morquio (Type IV)
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Most common type of non-iatrogenic internal hernia Left paraduodenal hernia
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of noninflammatory odontogenic cyst Dentigerous cyst = follicular cyst
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of of pituitary adenomas Prolactinoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of pulmonary amyloidosis Tracheobronchial type
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of pulmonary NHL involvement Secondary involvement due to direct hilar
extension
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of sarcoma of the larynx Chondrosarcoma.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of sarcoma of the liver Angiosarcoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of temporal bone fractures Longitudinal type
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection Supracardiac, type 1
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of VSD Membranous
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common US characteristic of an ovarian germ cell tumor Marked hyperechogenic focus
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common vascular tumor of orbit in children Capillary Hemangioma of Orbit
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common ventral hernia Umbilical hernia
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common virilizing tumor of ovary Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most commonly affected cranial nerve in Lyme disease Facial nerve
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most commonly entrapped fragment in a child after reduction of elbow disloc. Medial
epicondyle.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most commonly entrapped fragment in adult after reduction of elbow dislocation Coronoid
process.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most commonly injured ankle ligament Anterior talofibular
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most commonly involved joint with Charcot arthropathy Tarsal & tarsometatarsal.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most commonly involved segment of the colon with diverticulitis in USA Sigmoid colon
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of shoulder dislocation Anterior.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of hip dislocation Posterior
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of odontogenic tumor Ameloblastoma.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of benign mandibular tumor Ameloblastom

Most Common drugs that cause a Drug-Induced Lupus-type eruption? Procainamide

Hydralazine
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most commonly seen clinical manifestation of Viral Croup? Inspiratory Stridor/barking cough
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common benign plaque in the elderly? Seborrheic Keratosis
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of respiratory distress in premature infants? Hyaline Membrane Disease
(1 deep crease on ant. 1/3 of each foot, 88rpm, grunting & intercostal retractions, cyanosis, &
atelectasis with air bronchograms).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most commonly prescribed DMARD for RA? Methotrexate
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Laboratory abnormality most commonly noted in Bulemia?
Most common purging methods? Hypokalemia (normal 3.5 - 5.0)
Vomiting & Laxative abuse
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common findings on Breast exam in females age 30-50 years old? Fibrocystic changes
(painful, often multiple, & usually bilateral masses that increase in pain & size prior to menses)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Common benign solitary breast mass seen in young women? Fibroadenoma
(freely movable, NO CHANGE in SIZE w/ Menses, painless, firm, slow growing, 1-3cm)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage & what are the predisposing factors? Uterine
Atony
[decreased uterine muscle tone]
Predisposing factors:
abnormal labor or Uterine fibroids
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common Valvular condition associated with A-Fib Mitral Stenosis
(50-80% of pts. with MS --> develop chronic/paroxysmal A-Fib)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common valvular condition associated with Marfan's? MVP
& possibly Aortic Regurgitation
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common Motor Neuron Disease? Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
AKA: "Lou Gehrig's Disease"
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common presenting symptom of a brain abscess? Fever/Headache
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of Skin Cancer? Basal Cell Carcinoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common finding of Multiple Sclerosis? Diplopia
*blurred vision
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of Primary Headache? Tension Headache
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of Low Back Pain? Muscle Strain
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of bowel obstruction? Adhesions
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common causes of Chronic Cough? 1. GERD
2. ACE-I
3. Asthma
4. Upper Respiratory Cough Syndrome
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of Lower GI Bleed "Hematachezia"? Diverticular Disease > IBD >
Anorectal Disease > Neoplasms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of a Pleural Effusion? CHF/ Left sided > Cirrosis (Transudative)
Pneumonia > Malignancy > PE (Edudative)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common benign bone tumor? Osteochondroma (asymptomatic)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 Most common causes of Acute Sinusitis? 1. S. pneumoniae
2. H. influenzae
3. M. catarrhalis
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common EKG finding for Pulmonary Embolism? non-specific ST and T wave changes
Sinus tachycardia
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EKG finding that indicates a severe Pulmonary Embolism? Diphasic P waves
RBBB
RVH/ Right axis deviation
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of Kidney Stone is __________? Calcium Oxylate & Calcium Phosphate
(70-80%)
*RadiOOpaque (visible on XRAY)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of cancer that causes Paraneoplastic syndrome? Small Cell Carcinoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of Headache Tension Headache
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of facial pain? TMJ from teeth grinding (bruxism)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common injury of the wrist? Colle's Fracture (FOOSH mechanism)
Distal radius fx with dorsal angulation
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common inflammatory/overuse injury of upper extremity in new mothers, Females > 30,
Diabetics, and Smokers? DeQuervain's/ Stenosing Tenosenovitis
+ Finkelstein's Test (abd. poll-longus + ext. poll-brev)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common Spinal Deformity? Scoliosis
>40 deg. Cobb Angle-> surgery
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Which types of tumors are more common; Malignant or Benign? Benign
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common area in the body for malignant mets? spine
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common presentation of Gonococcal Septic Arthritis? "migratory polyarthritis" with
swelling, tenderness, & warm joint effusion
Synovial fluid-> WBC
TX: ROCEPHIN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Common presentation/Classic Triad of Reiter's Syndrome (Reactive Arthritis)? Urethritis,
Conjunctivitis, & Arthritis
TX-> NSAIDs or Sulfasalazine
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most commonly used medication used for neuroleptic malignant syndrome? (Dantrium)
Dantrolene & (Parlodel) Bromocriptine
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common/classic physical exam finding in Grave's Disease? Diffuse thyroid gland
enlargement
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What is the most common Nephrotic Syndrome and how does it present? Minimal Change
Disease (MCD)
(Edema, hypo-proteinemia, Hyperlipidemia, & Proteinuria)
* in kids, can follow a URI
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common/Important finding that suggests a urethral injury? (potentially secondary to pelvic
fracture) Blood at the Meatus
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common location within the lungs of Squammous Cell Lung Carcinoma is
_______________? Centrally located
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common symptom in acute PE? Tachypnea
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of Primary Cardiac Tumor found in all age groups and in what area of the
heart? Myoxma
Atria
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of Esophageal Neoplasms? Squamous Cell Carcinoma
*95% Upper 2/3 of esophagus
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of Upper GI bleed secondary to Portal Hypertension? Esophageal Varices
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common cause of acute bacterial cholangitis? E. coli
Klebsiella
Enterobactor

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most common type of Pancreatic Cancer? Ductal Adenocarcinoma 90%
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What area of the Pancreas is the most common location for the development of an
adenocarcinoma? Head of the pancreas 75%