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APR 2017
SUPER-STRUCTURE
DESIGN REPORT – 25 m – 40°
1 CONTENTS
2 Project Description........................................................................................................... 3
3 Structural Design Criteria ................................................................................................. 4
3.1 Codes Of Practices ................................................................................................... 4
3.2 Material Properties .................................................................................................... 4
3.3 Loads ........................................................................................................................ 5
3.3.1 Dead Weight (DC) .............................................................................................. 5
3.3.2 Dead Weight Wearing Course (DW) .................................................................. 5
3.3.3 Live Loads (LL)................................................................................................... 5
3.3.4 Dynamic Allowance (IM) ..................................................................................... 8
3.3.5 Multiple Presence Factors (m) ........................................................................... 8
3.3.6 Longitudinal Loads/Braking Force (BR) ............................................................. 8
3.3.7 Punching Shear .................................................................................................. 9
3.4 Load Combination ..................................................................................................... 9
3.5 Concrete Cover ....................................................................................................... 10
3.6 Design Life Of Bridges ............................................................................................ 10
4 Structural System and Other Details ............................................................................. 11
4.1 Configuration ........................................................................................................... 11
4.2 Computer Modeling ................................................................................................. 11
4.2.1 Super Structure ................................................................................................ 11
5 Bridge typical long and cross sections ........................................................................... 12
6 Deck Slab Design .......................................................................................................... 13
7 Girder Analysis and Design ........................................................................................... 23
7.1 Properties of Section of Girders .............................................................................. 23
7.2 Dead Load Analysis ................................................................................................ 23
7.3 Sundries Load Analysis ........................................................................................... 24
7.4 Live Load Analysis .................................................................................................. 25
7.5 Profile of the Prestressing Strands .......................................................................... 27
7.6 Prestress Tendon Analysis...................................................................................... 28
7.7 Losses of Prestress ................................................................................................. 29
7.8 Stress histories Analysis and Design ...................................................................... 38
7.9 Bursting Force ......................................................................................................... 41
7.10 Flexure Analysis and Design ................................................................................... 43
7.11 Shear Analysis and Design ..................................................................................... 44
8 Deflection Check @ Midspan ........................................................................................ 50
9 Diaphragm Analysis and Design .................................................................................... 51
1
9.1 End Diaphragm ....................................................................................................... 51
9.2 Interior Diaphragm .................................................................................................. 54
10 Bearing Pad Design ....................................................................................................... 59
2
2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Project
25m bridge 40 degree
Principal Engineer
China State Construction Engineering Corporation
Design Consultants
China State Construction Engineering Corporation
Design Team
GM Projects
Gong Yong
Senior Design Engineer
Lu Ao
Junior Design Engineer
Duan Baoshan
3
3 STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA
b) Reinforcement
High yield deformed steel bars conforming to ASTM A615Grade 60 with minimum yield
strength of 413 MPa shall be used.
c) Pre-Stressing Strands
The following parameters will be used for the calculation of Prestressing Losses:
Friction wobble coefficient K 6.60 e -07 per mm
Friction coefficient 0.25 per rad.
Draw in of wedge (Anchorage set, as per manufacturer’s data) 6mm
Modulus of Elasticity (Strands) 197000 Mpa
d) Unit Weights
e) Modulus of Elasticity
4
3.3 LOADS
3.3.1 Dead Weight (DC)
It is the self-weight of Reinforced Concrete Structure. Barriers weights to be calculated
according to their actual size and dimensions.
DC(barriers)=248950 mm2 x 24 KN/m3=5.97 KN/m
Whichever of them produce maximum stress in Deck Slab, pre-stressed girders and
bearing pads. Impact for Class A will be as specified in Section 2.9 and for multi
presence of Trucks, the load intensity may be reduced as per Section 2.7.
B) AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications 6th Edition (2012)
• Design Truck or design Tandem A3.6.1.2
• Design lane load A3.6.1.2
5
6
7
The minimum clearance between the roadway face of
curb and the outer edge of the track shall be assumed
as follows:
Width of roadway 11’-6’’ to 13’-6’’ 1’-0’’
13’-6’’ to 18’-0’’ 2’-0’’
Above 18’-0’’ 4’-0’’
3.3.4 Dynamic Allowance (IM)
From WPCPHB, Section 2.9 (C), IM for Class A Truck:
IM=15/(L+20)≤30%, in which, L is span length (ft)
Span length of this 25m span bridge is 24.3m=79.7 ft
So IM for Class A is 15/(79.7+20)=15.0%<30%
From WPCPHB, Section 4.4 (A), IM for Class AA Tank:
IM=25% for span <30 ft
IM=10% for 30 ft≤ span ≤150 ft
IM=8.8% for span > 150ft
So IM for Class AA is 10%
From AASHTO 3.6.2, IM for HL-93 should be provided in Table 3.6.2.1-1.
Table 3.6.2.1-1 Dynamic Load Allowance, IM
Component IM
Deck Joints – All Limit States 75%
All Other Components:
• Fatigue and Fracture Limit State 15%
• All Other Limit States 33%
Multiple presence factors applied to LiveA are specified in WPCPHB section 2.7.
Where maximum stresses are produced in any member by more than one simultaneous
truck-train load, the following percentages of the resultant live load stresses shall be used in
view of improbable coincident maximum loading:
Percent
One or two truck train Loadings 100
Three truck train Loadings 90
Four or more 75
8
The centre of gravity of this longitudinal force shall be assumed be located 6 ft above
the profile grade of the roadway slab.
From AASHTO 3.6.4, braking force shall be taken as the greater of :
• 25 percent of the axle weights of the design truck or design tandem or,
• 5 percent of the design truck plus lane load or five percent of the design
tandem plus lane load
And this braking force shall be placed in all design lanes which are comsidered to be
loaded in accordance with Article 3.6.1.1.1 and which are carrying traffic headed in
the same direction. These forces shall e assumed to act horizontally at a distance of
6.0 ft above the roadway surface in either longitudinal direction to cause extreme
force effects.
9
γEQ will be based on site specific data else it is permissible to take it 0.5 according
AASHTO C3.4.1.
All notations are present in AASHTO 3.3.
Top 50 mm
Bottom 25 mm
z Pre-stressed Girders
10
4 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM AND OTHER DETAILS
4.1 CONFIGURATION
The super structure of bridge is composed of Cast in Place Deck Slab and pre-cast
post tensioned simply Supported I- Girders. The deck slab is cast in place RCC.
Thickness of deck slab 225 mm
11
5 BRIDGE TYPICAL LONG AND CROSS SECTIONS
12
6 DECK SLAB DESIGN
6.1. Slab flexure
Span of Bridge = 25 m
C/c distance b/w supports = 2.65 m
Width of Top Flange of Girder = 0.9 m
Clear Span of deck slab across girders = 1.75 m
Span Length (as per WPHBC 3.2(A)) = 2.65 m
Thickness of Deck slab Td = 225 mm
Thickness of Asphalt Pavement Ta = 70 mm
Density of Concrete dc = 24 KN/m3
Density of Asphalt da = 23 KN/m3
Dead Load "Dc" = Td x dc
= 5.4 KN/m
Wearing surface Load "Dw" = Ta x da
= 1.61 KN/m
Applying a reduction factor of 0.8 as the deck slab is continuous over girders
For the Slabs in which main reinforcement is perpendicular to traffic, live load moment (at
mid span and at support ) shall be calculated by :
As the Main reinforcement is perpendicular to traffic, live load moment (at mid span & at
support) shall be calculated by :
= 0.30
Mu = 1.25MDc+1.5MDw+1.75MLL
13
= 76.99 KN M/M
As = 201.06 x 1000
150
As = 1340.412866 mm2/m
a = As fy (LRFD 5.7.3.1.1-4)
0.85β1 f'c b
Distribution Reinforcement
Percentage = 67%
Four layers of Isotropic reinforcement shall be provided in empirically designed slabs. The
minimum amount reinforcement shall be 0.27 sq.in/ft of steel in each bottom layer and
0.18 sq.in/ft of steel for each top layer which corresponds to 0.3 % of the gross area in the
positive moment area and 0.2% in the negative moment area.
For the Slabs in which main reinforcement is perpendicular to traffic, live load moment (at
mid span and at support ) shall be calculated by :
14
Span length of deck slab across girders Lc = 2.65 m
= 8.69 ft
MLL = 9.06 K. ft/ft
= 40.32 KN M/M
As the Main reinforcement is perpendicular to traffic, live load moment (at mid span & at
support) shall be calculated by :
= 0.30
Mu = 1.25MDc+1.5MDw+1.75MLL
= 96.24 KN M/M
As = 283.53 x 1000
150
As = 1890.19158 mm2/m
a = As fy (LRFD 5.7.3.1.1-4)
0.85β1 f'c b
Distribution Reinforcement
15
WPHC for Bridges 1967 Clause 3.2 (e)
Percentage = 67%
L= 678 mm
B= 428 mm
bo = Perimeter = 2(L+B)
= 2213.03 mm
= 87.13 in
Vu = (1.75x 21)
= 36.75 Kips
Allowable Nominal Punching Shear Vn = (0.063+0.126/bc)*bo*dv*(f'c)0.5 < 0.126(f'c)0.5*bo*dv (LRFD 2012, A 5.13.3.6.3-1)
bc = Ratio of long side to short side of the rectangle through which load is transmitted
1.58
Vn = 174.34 < 154
Vn = 154 Kips
f Vn= 139 Kips
>
36.75 Kips
O.K
The cantilever slab shall be considered fix at the edge of the top flange of girder
Moment due to self weight of deck slab= wl^2/2 Mdeck = 4.135 Kn-m/m
Thickness of surfacing Ta = 70 mm
Moment due to surfacing = wl^2/2 Msurf = 1.233 Kn-m/m
16
Width of barrier Bw = 0.400 m
Moment due to selfweight of barrier Mcurb = 6.20 Kn-m/m
According to WPHC 4.5 B , centreline track shall be assumed to be minimum 1.5 ft (0.457m) from the face of curb.
According to WPHC 3.2 H ,each wheel on the element perpendicular to traffic shall be distributed according to following
formula:
E = 0.6X+2.5
According to WPHC 3.2 B , the centre line of the wheel shall be assumed to be 1.0 ft (0.3m) from the face of the curb.
Flexure Design
Mu=1.25MDc+1.5MDw+1.75MLL
104.48 KN.m/m
17
As = 2,094 mm2/m= 0.99 in2/ft
a = As fy (LRFD 5.7.3.1.1-4)
0.85β1 f'c b
dc = Cocrete Cover 25 mm
0.984 in
d = (Depth of Slab) - dc 7.874 in
Condition s < 700 ge /(b sfss)-2dc Ref : LRFD 5.7.3.4
in which
b s = 1+{dc/0.7(h-dc)}
Where
g e= exposure factor, 1 for Class 1 exposure condition & 0.75 for Class 2 exposure condition
g e= 0.75 for Class 2
f ss Tensile Stress in steel reinforcement at the Service limit state.
h overall thickness or depth of component (in)
dl distance from extreme compression fiber to the centroid of extreme tension element (in)
dc Thickness of concrete cover measured from Extreme Tension Fibre to Center of the flexural reinforcement located closest the
b s = 1.1786
2
Total Area of All Bars As 1340.41 mm /m 1000 mm
18
Where
b Width of Strip. = 1000 mm
n Modular Ratio Width of Slab Cracked Section
x Distance of Cracked Section from Extreme Compression Face.
As Area of steel of bars in 1m Strip.
x
d (Depth of Slab) - dc
a 1.00
For Quadratic Equation b 21.57
c -4313.12
x1 55.77 Effective depth
(+ve) and (-ve) Values of "x"
x2 -77.34 mm Thickness of Slab
x 55.77 mm
Icr =(bx /3)+(n*As)*(d-x)2
3
Where
I cr Moment of Inertia of Transformed Cracked Section. Figure 4 Cracked Section Calculation
fc
Icr 282,127,404 mm/m
M 45.2 KN-m/m
fss = n*M*(d-x)/Icr 0.186 KN / mm2 Cracked Section x
fss= 27.0 KSI
Condition s < 700 ge /(b sfss)- 2dc
d-x
s< 14.5 in
s provided = 5.9 Ok
dc = Cocrete Cover 50 mm
1.97 in
d = (Depth of Slab) - dc 6.890 in
Condition s < 700 ge /(b sfss)-2dc Ref : LRFD 5.7.3.4
in which
b s = 1+{dc/0.7(h-dc)}
Where
g e= exposure factor, 1 for Class 1 exposure condition & 0.75 for Class 2 exposure condition
g e= 0.75 for Class 2
f ss Tensile Stress in steel reinforcement at the Service limit state.
h overall thickness or depth of component (in)
dl distance from extreme compression fiber to the centroid of extreme tension element (in)
dc Thickness of concrete cover measured from Extreme Tension Fibre to Center of the flexural reinforcement located closest thereto (in)
b s = 1.4082
2
Total Area of All Bars 2094.40 mm /m 1000 mm
Where
b Width of Strip. = 1000 mm
n Modular Ratio Width of Slab Cracked Section
x Distance of Cracked Section from Extreme Compression Face.
As Area of steel of bars in 1m Strip.
x
d (Depth of Slab) - dc
a 1.00
For Quadratic Equation b 33.70
c -5896.85
x1 61.77 mm Effective depth
(+ve) and (-ve) Values of "x"
x2 -95.47 mm Thickness of Slab
x 61.77 mm
Icr =(bx /3)+(n*As)*(d-x)2
3
Where
I cr Moment of Inertia of Transformed Cracked Section. Figure 6 Cracked Section Calculation
19
Icr 294,572,279 mm/m fc
M 62.8 KN-m/m
fss = n*M*(d-x)/Icr 0.194 KN / mm2 Cracked Section x
fss= 28.2 KSI
Condition s < 700 ge /(b sfss)-2dc
d-x
s< 9.3 in
s provided = 5.9 Ok
Mc = 52.32 KN-m/m
MDCdeck= gpDC*ts*dc*tb2/2
Where, ts is deck thickness (mm) as given above and tb is the barrier thickness at base (mm)
ts = 225 mm
tb= 400 mm
MDCdeck= 0.54 KN-m/m
MDcpar=gpDc*W par*(tb-x)
Where, x is the distance form outside face of barrier to its c.g.
x= 146.68 mm
Area of barrier 0.25 mm2
W par =Area *dc= 6.00 KN/m
MDcpar 1.90 KN-m/m
Mu total = Mc + MDCdeck + MDCpar
Mu total = 54.76 KN-m/m = 12.31 K-ft/ft
The axial Tensile force is :
T=Rw/(Lc + 2*H) (SA 13.4.2)
Where, Lc is the critical wall length over which yield line mechanism occurs and Rw is the
total transverse resistance of the barrier. Both values for the interior region are listed below as
calculated in the barrier design calculations.
Lc= 3459.44 mm
Rw= 385.13 KN
H= 940 mm
T= 72.13 KN/m = 4.94 K/ft
Design
b= 12 in
d= 6.89 in 175 mm
Ru = Mu /( b * d2 )
Ru = 0.259 KSI
Ru=f*r*fy*[1-r*fy/(1.7fc')]
f= 1
fy= 60,000 psi
fc'= 4000 psi
r= 0.004501
Ast=r*b*d
Ast= 0.37 in2/ft
MDCdeck=gpDC*ts*gc*yb2/2
Where, yb is the distance form outside face of barrier to the overhang design section
yb = overhang length - flange width/3 = 937.5 mm
Overhang Length = 1,237.5 mm
Flange Width /3 = 300.00 mm ≤15 in.
MDCdeck= 2.97 KN-m/m
20
The axial Tensile force is
T=Rw/(Lc+2H+2*bi)
T= 64.62 KN/m = 4.43 K/ft
Design
b= 12 in
d= 6.89 in 175 mm
Ru = Mu /( b * d2 )
Ru = 0.254 KSI
Ru=f*r*fy*[1-r*fy/(1.7fc')]
f= 1
fy= 60000 psi
fc'= 4000 psi
r= 0.004402
Ast=r*b*d
Ast= 0.36 in2/ft
By interpolation for a design section at 1/3 bf in Bay 1, the total collision moment is :
McM1M2 = Mc+bf/3*(-Mc+M2)/S
Where S is the girder spacing
S= 2.65 m
McM1M2 = 46.58 KN-m/m
Design
b= 12 in
d= 6.89 in 175 mm
Ru = Mu /( b * d2 )
Ru = 0.345 KSI
Ru=f*r*fy*[1-r*fy/(1.7fc')]
f= 1
fy= 60000 psi
fc'= 4000 psi
r= 0.006075
Ast=r*b*d
Ast= 0.50 in2/ft
Fv= 80 KN
Lv= 5500 mm
Mv = Fv * (Overhang Length - bf/3) / Lv
Mv = 13.64 KN-m/m
21
MDWfws = 3.71 KN-m/m
Mu total = Mv + gpDc * MDCdeck + gpDc * MDCpar + gpDW * MDWfws
Mu total = 52.71 KN-m/m 11.85 K-ft/ft
The above Moment is less than that of Case 1 so this case will not govern.
22
7 GIRDER ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
23
Figure 10 Girder Shear of Dead Load
24
7.4 LIVE LOAD ANALYSIS
25
Figure 16 Girder Shear of Live Load Class AA Tank
26
Figure 19 Girder Moment of Live Load Class HL-93M
27
7.6 PRESTRESS TENDON ANALYSIS
28
7.7 LOSSES OF PRESTRESS
Girder stressing Data
No.of Cable 3
aps 98.7mm² k 0.000661/m
No.of Strands/Cable 11 μ 0.25
Dia of Duct 63mm Es(prestressing steel) 197000Mpa 5.4.4.2
Aps 1085.7mm² f'c(slab) 28Mpa
fpu 270ksi 4000psi
1862Mpa f'c(girder) 35Mpa
Stress 75% 5000psi
P0 1516kN Ec slab 25399Mpa
Length of Girder 24145mm Ec girder 28397Mpa C5.4.2.4-1
Half Length of Girder 12072.5mm
CABLE DATA
Cable No. St.length at end Y(at end of girder) Y(at end of st.length) C Lc L a θ rad θ deg
1 1981 344 230 130 3463.3 23810 8.34E-06 0.058 3.31
2 2314 689 430 130 5373 23851 1.04E-05 0.111 6.37
3 529 1031 935 130 8803 23916 1.04E-05 0.181 10.36
SECTION PROPERTIES
30
A 0.63915 m²
Yb 958 mm
Yt 792 mm
Ix 0.24257 m4
Zb 0.25313 m³
Zt 0.30639 m³
31
Summary of Immediate Losses at critical sections
0.0 3.0 6.0 9.1 12.1 15.1 18.1 21.1 24.1
Jacking Force Pj 4548 4548 4548 4548 4548 4548 4548 4548 4548
Pre-Stress Loss due to Anchorage Slip Δ PLin = 454 371 288 204 121 204 288 371 454
Pre-Stress Loss due to Friction Δ Pfr = 0 139 148 157 165 157 148 139 0
Pre-Stress Loss due to Elastic Shortening Δpes = 102.87 102.87 102.87 102.87 102.87 102.87 102.87 102.87 102.87
Initial Pre-Stressing Force Pi 3991 3935 4009 4084 4158 4084 4009 3935 3991
Initial Pre-Stressing Stress at transfer fpi 1225.2 1208.0 1230.9 1253.8 1276.6 1253.8 1230.9 1208.0 1225.2
Maximum Pre-Stressing Stress at transfer fi 1303.1 Mpa OK
32
Ktd=t/(61- Creep Coefficient
Age t
0.58*f'ci+t) 1.9 * Ks * Khc * Kf * Ktd * ti − 0.118
SHRINKAGE OF ti 3 ψ (t f ,t i ) =
(tf,ti)=tf-ti 4197 0.99 2.30
GIRDER CONCRETE tf 4200
CREEP OF GIRDER ti 3 ψ (t d ,t i ) =
(td,ti)=td-ti 57 0.57 1.32
CONCRETE td 60
SHRINKAGE OF DECK td 60 ψ (t f ,t d ) =
(tf,td)=tf-td 4140 0.99 0.98
CONCRETE tf 4200
35
ψ (t f ,t d ) = 0.98
Δ f cdf = ε ddf *A d *E cd *(1/A c-e pc *e d /I c )/[1+ 0.7*ψ (t f ,t d )]
ε ddf = Ks * Khs * Kf * Ktd * 0.48 *10 − 3
Ktd= t/(61-4*4.5+t)= 0.99
ε ddf = 0.000741103
Ad= 0.54473 m²
Ecd= 25399 Mpa
Ac= 1.18 m²
epc= 1.202 m
ed= 0.5305 m
Ic= 0.52111 m4
Δ f cdf = -2.30665297 Mpa
Δ f pSS = -22.00895112 Mpa
CABLE ELONGATION
ELONGATION=PL'/AE
36
Where:
L' =Length of tendon
P =Average force in tendon i.e. Pj − Δ Pfr / 2
A =Area of tendon
E =Modulus of elasticity of prestressing steel
Ext. =600,Jack over length beyond anchorage
37
7.8 STRESS HISTORIES ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
STRESSES AT SERVICE:
STRESS HISTORY
Moment due to construction load (Ms) 20psf, qs= 2.535944 kN/m
Moment due to self weight of the deck slab and the diaphragm
(Mdp)
thickness of the deck 225 mm
girder top width 900 mm
girder web width 200 mm
thickness of the haunch 50 mm
diaphragm height 1307 mm
diaphragm thickness 250 mm
diaphragm num. 4
38
Mdc(kN*m) 1.3 287.9 450.6 527.2 580.0 529.1 450.9 289.1 1.6
LOCATION 0.0 3.0 6.0 9.0 12.0 15.0 18.0 21.0 24.0
Cg. Of the tendons e= 270 590 778 828 828 828 778 590 270
Stage1:At Yard 0.0 3.0 6.0 9.1 12.1 15.1 18.1 21.1 24.1
Pi(kN) = 4093 4038 4112 4186 4261 4186 4112 4038 4093
Ft=Pi/Ac-Pi*e/Zt+Mo/Zt(kN/m²) = 2793 345 -926 -907 -744 -907 -926 345 2793
Fb=Pi/Ac+Pi*e/Zb-Mo/Zb(kN/m²) = 10776 13547 15342 15576 15636 15576 15342 13547 10776
tension limit=-0.63√fci'(kN/m²) = -3536 OK
compressive limit=0.6fci'(kN/m²) = 18900 OK
Stage2:Intermediate Conditon
Pe(kN) = 3176 3120 3194 3269 3343 3269 3194 3120 3176
Ft=Pe/Ac-Pe*e/Zt+(Mo+Mdp+Ms)/Zt(kN/m²) = 2167 2871 3734 4843 5322 4843 3734 2871 2167
Fb=Pe/Ac+Pe*e/Zb-(Mo+Mdp+Ms)/Zb(kN/m²) = 8360 7314 6528 5442 5121 5442 6528 7314 8360
tension limit=-0.25√fci'(kN/m²)<1.38MPa = -3536 OK
compressive limit=0.6fci'(kN/m²) = 18900 OK
Stage3:At Service Loads
Pe(kN) = 3176 3120 3194 3269 3343 3269 3194 3120 3176
Ft=Pe/Ac-Pe*e/Zt+(Mo+Mdp)/Zt+(Mdc+M1)/Ztc(kN/m²) = 2313 4150 5756 7193 7790 7194 5754 4150 2331
Fb=Pe/Ac+Pe*e/Zb-(Mo+Mdp)/Zb-(Mdc+M1)/Zbc(kN/m²) = 8057 4438 1949 88 -512 86 1954 4439 8021
tension limit=-0.5√fc'(kN/m²) = -2930 OK
compressive limit=0.6Φwfc'(kN/m²) = 15750 OK
Deck slab top stress under full load:
Fdt=(Mdc+M1)*Ydt/Ix = 146 1543 2475 2915 3071 2916 2472 1542 164
39
compressive limit=0.6Φwfc'(kN/m²) = 12600 OK
Fatigue Load
Pe(kN) = 3176 3120 3194 3269 3343 3269 3194 3120 3176
Ft=Pe/Ac-Pe*e/Zt+(Mo+Mdp)/Zt+(Mdc+1.5Mf)/Ztc(kN/m²) = 2266 3722 4947 6189 6765 6191 4947 3724 2267
Fb=Pe/Ac+Pe*e/Zb-(Mo+Mdp)/Zb-(Mdc+1.5Mf)/Zbc(kN/m²) = 8155 5325 3625 2169 1613 2164 3625 5320 8154
ALL Ft and Fb are greater than 0,no need to check Fatigue Limit State.
40
7.9 BURSTING FORCE
anchor plate a' 240 mm
space of anchor plate 350 mm
< 1.5a'= 360 treat as group of devices
N.O. of tendons 3
depth of beam h 1750 mm
width of beam w 600 mm
lateral dimension of anchor device a 940 mm
distance from centorid of bottom anchor to beam bottom 350 mm
Pj 1520 KN
Pu=1.2Pj 1824 KN
centroid of girder 925.44 mm
cable dbrust=0.5(h-
Y C Lc αrad α deg Pu Sinα PuSinα e
No. 2e)+5esinα
1 344 130 3463.3 0.06 3.31 1824 -0.06 -105.73 581.44 125.04
2 689 130 5373 0.11 6.37 1824 -0.11 -202.05 236.44 507.61
3 1031 130 8803 0.18 10.36 1824 0.18 328.34 105.56 864.45
sum 5472 0.01 20.56 499.03
Layer decide(Horizontal):
24d= 312 mm
300mm 300 mm
2.5dburst= 1247.58 mm
1.5w= 900 mm
distributed distance 900 mm
number of layers 3
Layer decide(Vertical):
24d= 384 mm
300mm 300 mm
2.5dburst= 1247.58 mm
1.5h= 2625 mm
distributed distance 1247.58 mm
number of layers 5
So, number of layers is 6 OK
Horizontal Reinforcement:
Tburst=0.25∑Pu(1-a'/w)+0.5∣∑(Pusinα)∣ 831.08 KN
fy= 400 N/mm2
fs=0.6fy= 240 N/mm2
As=Tburst/fs 3462.84 mm2
= 1154.28 for each layer
Assume 13mm bars
Av= 132.7mm mm2
No. of bars 8.70 for each layer
Provide 10 OK
41
Vertical Reinforcement:
Tburst=0.25∑Pu(1-a/h)+0.5∣∑(Pusinα)∣ 643.47 KN
fy= 400 N/mm2
fs=0.6fy= 240 N/mm2
As=Tburst/fs 2681.13 mm2
= 446.85 for each layer
Assume 16mm bars
Av= 201.1mm mm2
No. of bars 2.22 for each layer
Provide 4 OK
Design of local zones
Φ= 0.8
A= 210000 mm2
Ag= 122500 mm2
No. of strands 11
Area of strand 98.7 mm2
Ab= 121414.30 mm2
fci'= 35 MPa
fn=0.7fci'(A/Ag)^0.5= 32.08 MPa
fn=2.25fci'= 78.75 MPa
so, fn= 32.08 MPa
Pr=ΦfnAb= 3115.79 KN (5.10.9.7.2-1)
Pj= 1520 KN
So, Pr > Pj OK
Transverse dimension:
concrete cover 25 mm
confining reinforcement
205 mm
dimension
1. plate size+ twice concrete
400 mm
cover
2. outer dimension of confining
reinforcement + concrete cover 230 mm
Transverse dimension = 400 mm < 600 mm OK
42
7.10 FLEXURE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
M 1.25Dead 1.5Sundries 1.75Live load
M φM M
Follow equations should be satisfied:
M min 1.2M , 1.33M
And M M
43
7.11 SHEAR ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
V 1.25Dead 1.5Sundries 1.75Live load
V φV 0.9V 0.9min V V V , 0.25f b d V
Follow equations should be satisfied:
V V
Shear reinforcements needed are from CSI software and compared with
reinforcements provided in drawings in result table.
If Avf > AsVPerL, OK
Table 3 Shear reinforcement provided in drawings
Start(mm) Terminal(mm) Diameter(mm) Space(mm) No. Avf(mm2/mm)
0 1700 13 100 17 2.65
1700 5300 13 150 24 1.77
5300 10200 13 175 28 1.52
10200 14100 13 200 - 1.33
14100 19000 13 175 28 1.52
19000 22600 13 150 24 1.77
22600 24300 13 100 17 2.65
44
Interface shear calculation:
V
1. If ν ≤1.4MPa, the minimum reinforcement provisions specified shall be waived.
In which,
νui = the factored interface shear stress
V V /d ,
Vh = horizontal shear per unit length of the girder
Vu = the factored vertical shear
dv = the distance between the centroid of the steel in tension side of the beam to the
center of the compression blocks in the deck
2. If Vr=ΦVni≥Vh, calculation is OK.
V min cA µA f , K f A , K A
In which,
A b L
A = area of concrete considered to be engaged in interface shear transfer
A = area of interface shear reinforcement crossing the shear plane within the area A
b = interface width considered to be engaged in shear transfer, 900 mm
L = interface length considered to be engaged in shear transfer
c = cohesion factor, 1.9 MPa
μ = friction factor, 1.0
fy = yield stress of reinforcement, 410 MPa
f’c = specified 28-day compressive strength of the weaker concrete on either side of the
interface, 28 MPa
K1 = fraction of concrete strength available to resist interface shear, 0.3
K2 = limiting interface shear resistance, 12.4 MPa
45
Table 4 Result of shear rein. and interface shear
Station Location Girder Vu DepthEffV AsVPerL Avf Shear Vh vui 1.4/vui Vni0 Vni1 Vni2 Vni Vr=Φvni Vr/Vh
mm Text Text KN m mm2/mm mm2/mm rein. KN/m MPa >1, waived KN/m KN/m KN/m KN/m KN/m >1, OK
0 After Left Exterior Girder -1394.53 1.46 0.24 2.65 OK 956.47 1.06 1.32 2798.4 7560 11160 2798.4 2518.56 2.63
0 After Interior Girder 1 -1332.44 1.46 1.54 2.65 OK 913.88 1.02 1.38 2798.4 7560 11160 2798.4 2518.56 2.76
0 After Interior Girder 2 -1289.86 1.46 1.46 2.65 OK 884.68 0.98 1.42 2798.4 7560 11160 2798.4 2518.56 2.85
0 After Interior Girder 3 -1304.83 1.46 1.49 2.65 OK 894.95 0.99 1.41 2798.4 7560 11160 2798.4 2518.56 2.81
0 After Interior Girder 4 -1343.10 1.46 1.56 2.65 OK 921.19 1.02 1.37 2798.4 7560 11160 2798.4 2518.56 2.73
0 After Right Exterior Girder -1462.07 1.46 1.78 2.65 OK 1002.79 1.11 1.26 2798.4 7560 11160 2798.4 2518.56 2.51
2786.67 Before Left Exterior Girder -958.34 1.57 0.24 1.77 OK 609.50 0.68 2.07 2435.6 7560 11160 2435.6 2192.04 3.60
2786.67 Before Interior Girder 1 -899.50 1.57 0.24 1.77 OK 571.51 0.64 2.20 2435.6 7560 11160 2435.6 2192.04 3.84
2786.67 Before Interior Girder 2 -863.82 1.57 0.24 1.77 OK 548.84 0.61 2.30 2435.6 7560 11160 2435.6 2192.04 3.99
2786.67 Before Interior Girder 3 -893.97 1.57 0.24 1.77 OK 568.00 0.63 2.22 2435.6 7560 11160 2435.6 2192.04 3.86
2786.67 Before Interior Girder 4 -913.65 1.57 0.24 1.77 OK 580.50 0.65 2.17 2435.6 7560 11160 2435.6 2192.04 3.78
2786.67 Before Right Exterior Girder -1017.90 1.57 0.24 1.77 OK 647.39 0.72 1.95 2435.6 7560 11160 2435.6 2192.04 3.39
2786.67 After Left Exterior Girder -1043.81 1.57 0.24 1.77 OK 663.87 0.74 1.90 2435.6 7560 11160 2435.6 2192.04 3.30
2786.67 After Interior Girder 1 -986.35 1.57 0.24 1.77 OK 626.69 0.70 2.01 2435.6 7560 11160 2435.6 2192.04 3.50
2786.67 After Interior Girder 2 -943.36 1.57 0.24 1.77 OK 599.38 0.67 2.10 2435.6 7560 11160 2435.6 2192.04 3.66
2786.67 After Interior Girder 3 -970.74 1.57 0.24 1.77 OK 616.77 0.69 2.04 2435.6 7560 11160 2435.6 2192.04 3.55
2786.67 After Interior Girder 4 -997.96 1.57 0.24 1.77 OK 634.07 0.70 1.99 2435.6 7560 11160 2435.6 2192.04 3.46
2786.67 After Right Exterior Girder -1085.38 1.57 0.24 1.77 OK 690.31 0.77 1.83 2435.6 7560 11160 2435.6 2192.04 3.18
5573.33 Before Left Exterior Girder -756.52 1.74 0.24 1.52 OK 434.26 0.48 2.90 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 4.83
5573.33 Before Interior Girder 1 -699.89 1.74 0.24 1.52 OK 401.38 0.45 3.14 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 5.23
5573.33 Before Interior Girder 2 -681.89 1.74 0.24 1.52 OK 391.06 0.43 3.22 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 5.37
5573.33 Before Interior Girder 3 -702.61 1.74 0.24 1.52 OK 402.94 0.45 3.13 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 5.21
5573.33 Before Interior Girder 4 -729.36 1.74 0.24 1.52 OK 418.28 0.46 3.01 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 5.02
5573.33 Before Right Exterior Girder -779.45 1.74 0.24 1.52 OK 447.42 0.50 2.82 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 4.69
5573.33 After Left Exterior Girder -816.01 1.74 0.24 1.52 OK 468.40 0.52 2.69 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 4.48
5573.33 After Interior Girder 1 -766.81 1.74 0.24 1.52 OK 439.76 0.49 2.87 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 4.77
5573.33 After Interior Girder 2 -734.67 1.74 0.24 1.52 OK 421.33 0.47 2.99 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 4.98
5573.33 After Interior Girder 3 -757.40 1.74 0.24 1.52 OK 434.36 0.48 2.90 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 4.83
5573.33 After Interior Girder 4 -791.96 1.74 0.24 1.52 OK 454.18 0.50 2.77 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 4.62
46
Station Location Girder Vu DepthEffV AsVPerL Avf Shear Vh vui 1.4/vui Vni0 Vni1 Vni2 Vni Vr=Φvni Vr/Vh
mm Text Text KN m mm2/mm mm2/mm rein. KN/m MPa >1, waived KN/m KN/m KN/m KN/m KN/m >1, OK
5573.33 After Right Exterior Girder -815.54 1.74 0.24 1.52 OK 468.13 0.52 2.69 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 4.48
8360 Before Left Exterior Girder -507.74 1.83 0.24 1.52 OK 277.01 0.31 4.55 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 7.58
8360 Before Interior Girder 1 -485.29 1.83 0.24 1.52 OK 264.53 0.29 4.76 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 7.93
8360 Before Interior Girder 2 -451.51 1.83 0.24 1.52 OK 246.12 0.27 5.12 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 8.53
8360 Before Interior Girder 3 -469.29 1.83 0.24 1.52 OK 255.81 0.28 4.93 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 8.20
8360 Before Interior Girder 4 -523.83 1.83 0.24 1.52 OK 285.55 0.32 4.41 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 7.35
8360 Before Right Exterior Girder -496.49 1.83 0.24 1.52 OK 270.88 0.30 4.65 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 7.75
8360 After Left Exterior Girder -629.95 1.83 0.24 1.52 OK 343.69 0.38 3.67 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 6.11
8360 After Interior Girder 1 -598.53 1.83 0.24 1.52 OK 326.26 0.36 3.86 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 6.43
8360 After Interior Girder 2 -611.75 1.83 0.24 1.52 OK 333.47 0.37 3.78 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 6.29
8360 After Interior Girder 3 -607.74 1.83 0.24 1.52 OK 331.29 0.37 3.80 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 6.34
8360 After Interior Girder 4 -629.48 1.83 0.24 1.52 OK 343.13 0.38 3.67 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 6.12
8360 After Right Exterior Girder -636.48 1.83 0.24 1.52 OK 347.25 0.39 3.63 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 6.04
10886.67 Before Left Exterior Girder -373.48 1.85 0.00 1.33 OK 202.35 0.22 6.23 2254.2 7560 11160 2254.2 2028.78 10.03
10886.67 Before Interior Girder 1 -340.55 1.85 0.00 1.33 OK 184.35 0.20 6.83 2254.2 7560 11160 2254.2 2028.78 11.01
10886.67 Before Interior Girder 2 -358.90 1.85 0.00 1.33 OK 194.28 0.22 6.49 2254.2 7560 11160 2254.2 2028.78 10.44
10886.67 Before Interior Girder 3 -346.14 1.85 0.00 1.33 OK 187.38 0.21 6.72 2254.2 7560 11160 2254.2 2028.78 10.83
10886.67 Before Interior Girder 4 -367.49 1.85 0.00 1.33 OK 198.93 0.22 6.33 2254.2 7560 11160 2254.2 2028.78 10.20
10886.67 Before Right Exterior Girder -376.08 1.85 0.00 1.33 OK 203.76 0.23 6.18 2254.2 7560 11160 2254.2 2028.78 9.96
10886.67 After Left Exterior Girder -350.37 1.85 0.00 1.33 OK 189.83 0.21 6.64 2254.2 7560 11160 2254.2 2028.78 10.69
10886.67 After Interior Girder 1 -314.20 1.85 0.00 1.33 OK 170.08 0.19 7.41 2254.2 7560 11160 2254.2 2028.78 11.93
10886.67 After Interior Girder 2 -335.72 1.85 0.00 1.33 OK 181.73 0.20 6.93 2254.2 7560 11160 2254.2 2028.78 11.16
10886.67 After Interior Girder 3 -320.98 1.85 0.00 1.33 OK 173.75 0.19 7.25 2254.2 7560 11160 2254.2 2028.78 11.68
10886.67 After Interior Girder 4 -344.96 1.85 0.00 1.33 OK 186.74 0.21 6.75 2254.2 7560 11160 2254.2 2028.78 10.86
10886.67 After Right Exterior Girder -339.82 1.85 0.00 1.33 OK 184.11 0.20 6.84 2254.2 7560 11160 2254.2 2028.78 11.02
13413.33 Before Left Exterior Girder 339.32 1.85 0.24 1.33 OK 183.84 0.20 6.85 2254.2 7560 11160 2254.2 2028.78 11.04
13413.33 Before Interior Girder 1 342.31 1.85 0.00 1.33 OK 185.30 0.21 6.80 2254.2 7560 11160 2254.2 2028.78 10.95
13413.33 Before Interior Girder 2 318.79 1.85 0.00 1.33 OK 172.57 0.19 7.30 2254.2 7560 11160 2254.2 2028.78 11.76
13413.33 Before Interior Girder 3 332.80 1.85 0.00 1.33 OK 180.15 0.20 6.99 2254.2 7560 11160 2254.2 2028.78 11.26
13413.33 Before Interior Girder 4 311.46 1.85 0.00 1.33 OK 168.60 0.19 7.47 2254.2 7560 11160 2254.2 2028.78 12.03
47
Station Location Girder Vu DepthEffV AsVPerL Avf Shear Vh vui 1.4/vui Vni0 Vni1 Vni2 Vni Vr=Φvni Vr/Vh
mm Text Text KN m mm2/mm mm2/mm rein. KN/m MPa >1, waived KN/m KN/m KN/m KN/m KN/m >1, OK
13413.33 Before Right Exterior Girder 350.11 1.85 0.24 1.33 OK 189.69 0.21 6.64 2254.2 7560 11160 2254.2 2028.78 10.70
13413.33 After Left Exterior Girder 371.87 1.85 0.24 1.33 OK 201.48 0.22 6.25 2254.2 7560 11160 2254.2 2028.78 10.07
13413.33 After Interior Girder 1 360.92 1.85 0.00 1.33 OK 195.38 0.22 6.45 2254.2 7560 11160 2254.2 2028.78 10.38
13413.33 After Interior Girder 2 339.94 1.85 0.00 1.33 OK 184.02 0.20 6.85 2254.2 7560 11160 2254.2 2028.78 11.02
13413.33 After Interior Girder 3 352.46 1.85 0.00 1.33 OK 190.80 0.21 6.60 2254.2 7560 11160 2254.2 2028.78 10.63
13413.33 After Interior Girder 4 333.89 1.85 0.00 1.33 OK 180.74 0.20 6.97 2254.2 7560 11160 2254.2 2028.78 11.22
13413.33 After Right Exterior Girder 369.64 1.85 0.24 1.33 OK 200.27 0.22 6.29 2254.2 7560 11160 2254.2 2028.78 10.13
15940 Before Left Exterior Girder 632.51 1.83 0.24 1.52 OK 345.09 0.38 3.65 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 6.08
15940 Before Interior Girder 1 623.38 1.83 0.24 1.52 OK 339.81 0.38 3.71 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 6.18
15940 Before Interior Girder 2 602.99 1.83 0.24 1.52 OK 328.69 0.37 3.83 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 6.39
15940 Before Interior Girder 3 605.49 1.83 0.24 1.52 OK 330.06 0.37 3.82 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 6.36
15940 Before Interior Girder 4 592.62 1.83 0.24 1.52 OK 323.04 0.36 3.90 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 6.50
15940 Before Right Exterior Girder 626.66 1.83 0.24 1.52 OK 341.89 0.38 3.69 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 6.14
15940 After Left Exterior Girder 499.34 1.83 0.24 1.52 OK 272.43 0.30 4.63 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 7.70
15940 After Interior Girder 1 525.79 1.83 0.24 1.52 OK 286.61 0.32 4.40 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 7.32
15940 After Interior Girder 2 470.61 1.83 0.24 1.52 OK 256.53 0.29 4.91 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 8.18
15940 After Interior Girder 3 453.11 1.83 0.24 1.52 OK 246.99 0.27 5.10 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 8.50
15940 After Interior Girder 4 488.35 1.83 0.24 1.52 OK 266.20 0.30 4.73 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 7.88
15940 After Right Exterior Girder 509.23 1.83 0.24 1.52 OK 277.83 0.31 4.54 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 7.55
18726.67 Before Left Exterior Girder 815.36 1.74 0.24 1.52 OK 468.03 0.52 2.69 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 4.48
18726.67 Before Interior Girder 1 791.75 1.74 0.24 1.52 OK 454.06 0.50 2.77 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 4.62
18726.67 Before Interior Girder 2 756.70 1.74 0.24 1.52 OK 433.96 0.48 2.90 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 4.84
18726.67 Before Interior Girder 3 734.61 1.74 0.24 1.52 OK 421.29 0.47 2.99 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 4.98
18726.67 Before Interior Girder 4 766.92 1.74 0.24 1.52 OK 439.82 0.49 2.86 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 4.77
18726.67 Before Right Exterior Girder 815.46 1.74 0.24 1.52 OK 468.09 0.52 2.69 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 4.48
18726.67 After Left Exterior Girder 778.98 1.74 0.24 1.52 OK 447.15 0.50 2.82 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 4.69
18726.67 After Interior Girder 1 729.29 1.74 0.24 1.52 OK 418.24 0.46 3.01 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 5.02
18726.67 After Interior Girder 2 701.73 1.74 0.24 1.52 OK 402.44 0.45 3.13 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 5.22
18726.67 After Interior Girder 3 681.61 1.74 0.24 1.52 OK 390.90 0.43 3.22 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 5.37
18726.67 After Interior Girder 4 699.96 1.74 0.24 1.52 OK 401.42 0.45 3.14 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 5.23
48
Station Location Girder Vu DepthEffV AsVPerL Avf Shear Vh vui 1.4/vui Vni0 Vni1 Vni2 Vni Vr=Φvni Vr/Vh
mm Text Text KN m mm2/mm mm2/mm rein. KN/m MPa >1, waived KN/m KN/m KN/m KN/m KN/m >1, OK
18726.67 After Right Exterior Girder 755.68 1.74 0.24 1.52 OK 433.77 0.48 2.90 2331.9 7560 11160 2331.9 2098.75 4.84
21513.33 Before Left Exterior Girder 1084.54 1.57 0.24 1.77 OK 689.77 0.77 1.83 2435.6 7560 11160 2435.6 2192.04 3.18
21513.33 Before Interior Girder 1 999.63 1.57 0.24 1.77 OK 635.13 0.71 1.98 2435.6 7560 11160 2435.6 2192.04 3.45
21513.33 Before Interior Girder 2 971.19 1.57 0.24 1.77 OK 617.06 0.69 2.04 2435.6 7560 11160 2435.6 2192.04 3.55
21513.33 Before Interior Girder 3 944.54 1.57 0.24 1.77 OK 600.13 0.67 2.10 2435.6 7560 11160 2435.6 2192.04 3.65
21513.33 Before Interior Girder 4 987.43 1.57 0.24 1.77 OK 627.38 0.70 2.01 2435.6 7560 11160 2435.6 2192.04 3.49
21513.33 Before Right Exterior Girder 1045.32 1.57 0.24 1.77 OK 664.82 0.74 1.90 2435.6 7560 11160 2435.6 2192.04 3.30
21513.33 After Left Exterior Girder 1013.86 1.57 0.24 1.77 OK 644.82 0.72 1.95 2435.6 7560 11160 2435.6 2192.04 3.40
21513.33 After Interior Girder 1 912.55 1.57 0.24 1.77 OK 579.80 0.64 2.17 2435.6 7560 11160 2435.6 2192.04 3.78
21513.33 After Interior Girder 2 891.60 1.57 0.24 1.77 OK 566.49 0.63 2.22 2435.6 7560 11160 2435.6 2192.04 3.87
21513.33 After Interior Girder 3 862.22 1.57 0.24 1.77 OK 547.82 0.61 2.30 2435.6 7560 11160 2435.6 2192.04 4.00
21513.33 After Interior Girder 4 897.77 1.57 0.24 1.77 OK 570.41 0.63 2.21 2435.6 7560 11160 2435.6 2192.04 3.84
21513.33 After Right Exterior Girder 957.49 1.57 0.24 1.77 OK 608.97 0.68 2.07 2435.6 7560 11160 2435.6 2192.04 3.60
24300 Before Left Exterior Girder 1457.91 1.46 0.24 2.65 OK 999.94 1.11 1.26 2798.4 7560 11160 2798.4 2518.56 2.52
24300 Before Interior Girder 1 1343.24 1.46 0.24 2.65 OK 921.29 1.02 1.37 2798.4 7560 11160 2798.4 2518.56 2.73
24300 Before Interior Girder 2 1303.40 1.46 0.24 2.65 OK 893.96 0.99 1.41 2798.4 7560 11160 2798.4 2518.56 2.82
24300 Before Interior Girder 3 1290.74 1.46 0.24 2.65 OK 885.28 0.98 1.42 2798.4 7560 11160 2798.4 2518.56 2.84
24300 Before Interior Girder 4 1331.06 1.46 0.24 2.65 OK 912.94 1.01 1.38 2798.4 7560 11160 2798.4 2518.56 2.76
24300 Before Right Exterior Girder 1396.22 1.46 0.24 2.65 OK 957.62 1.06 1.32 2798.4 7560 11160 2798.4 2518.56 2.63
49
8 DEFLECTION CHECK @ MIDSPAN
Deflections are from CSIbridge Software.
1. Elastic Deflection due to Self Weight
Δg 11.48 mm
50
9 DIAPHRAGM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
reinforcement4- 25Φ
Area of tension steel As 1963.50 mm2
Mn=Asfy(ds-a/2) (5.7.3.2.2-1)
a=cβ1 135.30
Mn= 1128.94 MPa
Mr=ΦMn=0.9Mn 1016.04 MPa
51
Mr > Mu OK
1.2 times the cracking strength determined on the basis of elastic stress distribution
and the modulus of rupture, fr, on the concrete as specified in S5.4.2.6
or
1.33 times the factored moment required by the applicable strength load
combinations specified in Table 3.4.1-1
The cracking moment, Mcr, is calculated as the total moment acting on the beam
when maximum tensile stress equals the modulus of rupture.
fr=Mdead/Sb+Msundries/Sbc+M/Sbc
where:
Mdead 4.64 KNm
Msundries -3.54 KNm
Sb 1.60E+08 mm3
fr=-0.97√fc' (5.4.2.6) 5.13 MPa
Mcr=fcSb 818.99 KNm
1.2Mcr 982.78 KNm
The applied factored moment, Mu (Strength I)
Mu 163.63 KNm
1.33Mu 217.63 KNm
Mr has to be greater than the lesser of 1.2Mcr and 1.33Mu, i.e., 217.63 KNm
Mr also has to be greater than the applied factored load Mu 163.63 KNm
reinforcement4- 16Φ
4- 22Φ
Area of tension steel As 2324.78 mm2
52
de=ds= 1550+225-50-16/2-52/2 1691 mm
Mn=Asfy(ds-a/2) (5.7.3.2.2-1)
a=cβ1 160.19
Mn= 1535.45 MPa
Mr=ΦMn=0.9Mn 1381.90 MPa
Mr > Mu OK
1.2 times the cracking strength determined on the basis of elastic stress distribution
and the modulus of rupture, fr, on the concrete as specified in S5.4.2.6
or
1.33 times the factored moment required by the applicable strength load
combinations specified in Table 3.4.1-1
The cracking moment, Mcr, is calculated as the total moment acting on the beam
when maximum tensile stress equals the modulus of rupture.
fr=Mdead/Sb+Msundries/Sbc+M/Sbc
where:
Mdead -4.64 KNm
Msundries 3.54 KNm
St 2.16E+08 mm3
fr=-0.97√fc' (5.4.2.6) 5.13 MPa
Mcr=fcSt 1110.42 KNm
1.2Mcr 1332.51 KNm
The applied factored moment, Mu (Strength I)
Mu 112.03 KNm
1.33Mu 149.00 KNm
Mr has to be greater than the lesser of 1.2Mcr and 1.33Mu, i.e., 149.00 KNm
Mr also has to be greater than the applied factored load Mu 112.03 KNm
53
reinforcement corresp. Mmax
Area of tension steel As 1963.50 mm2
Vs=Avfydvcotθ/s
Vu=ΦVn
Vu/Φ=Vn=Vc+Vs
Vs=Vu/Φ-Vc
Vs= -186.20 KN
Assume spacing s= 300 mm
fpc= 9.46 MPa
cotθ= 1.8
AV= -53.97 mm2
54
Depth of diaphragm hd 1550 mm
Effective span length le 2650 mm
Thickness of END diaphragm bwe 250 mm
Thickness of Interior diaphragm bwi 250 mm
Distance from end diaphragm to girder end 550 mm
Depth of compression flange hf 225 mm
reinforcement4- 25Φ
Area of tension steel As 1963.50 mm2
Mn=Asfy(ds-a/2) (5.7.3.2.2-1)
a=cβ1 135.30
Mn= 1285.92 MPa
Mr=ΦMn=0.9Mn 1157.33 MPa
Mr > Mu OK
1.2 times the cracking strength determined on the basis of elastic stress distribution
and the modulus of rupture, fr, on the concrete as specified in S5.4.2.6
or
1.33 times the factored moment required by the applicable strength load
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combinations specified in Table 3.4.1-1
The cracking moment, Mcr, is calculated as the total moment acting on the beam
when maximum tensile stress equals the modulus of rupture.
fr=Mdead/Sb+Msundries/Sbc+M/Sbc
where:
Mdead 15.05 KNm
Msundries -35.26 KNm
Sb 1.60E+08 mm3
fr=-0.97√fc' (5.4.2.6) 5.13 MPa (5.4.2.6)
Mcr=fcSb 818.99 KNm
1.2Mcr 982.78 KNm
The applied factored moment, Mu (Strength I)
Mu 420.90 KNm
1.33Mu 559.80 KNm
Mr has to be greater than the lesser of 1.2Mcr and 1.33Mu, i.e., 559.80 KNm
Mr also has to be greater than the applied factored load Mu 420.90 KNm
reinforcement4- 16Φ
3- 22Φ
Area of tension steel As 1944.65 mm2
Mn=Asfy(ds-a/2) (5.7.3.2.2-1)
a=cβ1 134.00
Mn= 1294.82 MPa
Mr=ΦMn=0.9Mn 1165.34 MPa
Mr > Mu OK
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a factored flexural resistance, Mr, at least equal to the lesser of
1.2 times the cracking strength determined on the basis of elastic stress distribution
and the modulus of rupture, fr, on the concrete as specified in S5.4.2.6
or
1.33 times the factored moment required by the applicable strength load
combinations specified in Table 3.4.1-1
The cracking moment, Mcr, is calculated as the total moment acting on the beam
when maximum tensile stress equals the modulus of rupture.
fr=Mdead/Sb+Msundries/Sbc+M/Sbc
where:
Mdead -3.07 KNm
Msundries 52.76 KNm
St 2.16E+08 mm3
fr=-0.97√fc' (5.4.2.6) 5.13 MPa
Mcr=fcSt 1110.42 KNm
1.2Mcr 1332.51 KNm
The applied factored moment, Mu (Strength I)
Mu 371.91 KNm
1.33Mu 494.64 KNm
Mr has to be greater than the lesser of 1.2Mcr and 1.33Mu, i.e., 494.64 KNm
Mr also has to be greater than the applied factored load Mu 371.91 KNm
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Vc=lesser of Vci and Vcw
Vci=0.0535√fc'bvdv+Vd+ViMcre/Mmax
≥Vcw=0.16√fc'bvdv
Mcre=Sc(fr-Mdead/Snc) 1110.42 KNm
bv=bwe= 250 mm
dv= 1597.35 mm
Vci= 634.91 KN
Vcw= 338.10 KN
Vc= 338.10 KN > Vu
Provide minimum shear reinforcement
Vs=Avfydvcotθ/s
Vu=ΦVn
Vu/Φ=Vn=Vc+Vs
Vs=Vu/Φ-Vc
Vs= -15.52 KN
Assume spacing s= 300 mm
fpc= 9.46 MPa
cotθ= 1.8
AV= -3.95 mm2
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10 BEARING PAD DESIGN
Bearing Pad Length = L 400 mm
Bearing Pad Width = W = 450 mm
Elastomer Cover thickness = 3 mm
No of Internal Elastomer Layers 6
Elastometric layer thickness = hri = 13 mm
Total elastomer thickness = hrt= 84 mm
Steel Plate thickness ( hs ) 3 mm
Steel Plate l 440 mm
Steel Plate w 390 mm
Gross Section Thickness = h 105 mm
0.9 to
Elastomer Shear Modulus= G = 1.38
G (avg.) = 1
DL 484 kN
SDL 120 kN
RDL 603 kN
RLL-Moving 399 kN
ΣR 1003 kN
Shape Factor:
σL 2.22 N/sqmm
0.66 GS 5 N/sqmm O.K
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hri= thickness of ith elastomeric layer in a laminated
εi = σ /6GS2 C 14.7.5.3.3-1
S internal 8.0
Scover 34.5
σL = 2.2
εLi = 0.005846 (for interior layer)
εext = 0.000311 (for exterior layer)
δL= ΣεL hri = 0.5
σd = 3.35178
εdi = 0.008835 (for interior layer)
εd ext = 0.000470 (for exterior layer)
δd= Σεd hri = 0.6919
Long Term dead load deflection, including the effect of creep shall be taken as
αcr= 0.35
δLt d= δd + αcr δd = 0.9
hrt > 2 Δs
hrt = Total elastomer depth in elastometic bearing pad
Ds = Max Shear deformation of the elastomer at service limit state
Δs = Δsh+Δtmin+ΔES+ΔCR Case I
Δs = Δsh-Δtmax+ΔES+ΔCR Case II
hrt 84 mm
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Deformation due to Temperature
ΔT = α ΔΤL
α= 1.08E-05 /Co
T max 25 Co change in temperature
Δ Tx= 4.74 mm
Δ Ty= 2.12 mm
T min 25 Co change in temperature
Δ Tx= 4.74 mm
Δ Ty= 2.12
Δ T max = 5.19 mm
Δ T min = 5.19 mm
Total Deformation
Δs = Δsh+Δtmin+ΔES+ΔCR Case I
Δs = 21.643
2 (1.2Δs) = 51.944 < hrt OK
Δs = Δsh-Δtmax+ΔES+ΔCR Case II
Δs = 11.257
2 (1.2Δs) = 27.016 < hrt OK
a. Uplift
σs>σupmin =1.0 GS ( θs/n ) ( B/hri )2 14.7.5.3.5-1
where:
n= no. of interior layers of elastomer
θs = Max service rotation (RAD)
B= length of pad if rotation is about its transverse axis
θswt. of girder = 0
θ insitu = 0.00055
θ live load = 0.001
θ sundries = 0.00034
σs 5.842 N/sqmm
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GH 1 N/sqmm
S 8.0
θs 0.00189 rad
Β 440 mm
hri 13 mm
No of Layers ( n ) 6
1.0 GS ( θs/n ) ( B/hri )2 2.869 N/sqmm O.K
b. Compression
σs 5.84 N/sqmm
A 0.2419
B 0.2195
G S/ ( 2A - B ) 30.08 N/sqmm O.K
62