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ELORDIE W.

WAGAYEN
M’ENG ECE
FLUID MECHANICS
8:30 AM- 11:30 AM SATURDAY

1. If a triangle of height d and base b is vertical and submerged


in liquid with its vertex a distance “a” below the liquid
surface (see figure), derive the depth to its center of
pressure.

Solution:

d= Height of Triangle
b= Base of Triangle
a= Distance below the liquid surface (refer to figure above)
hcp= Depth from the center of pressure
hcg= Depth from the center of gravity
Icg= Moment of inertia
A= Area of the triangle

Icg
ℎ𝑐𝑝 = ℎ𝑐𝑔 +
ℎ𝑐𝑔. 𝐴

b𝑑 3
2d 36
ℎ𝑐𝑝 = (𝑎 + )+
3 2𝑑 𝑏𝑑
(𝑎 + 3 )( 2 )

2d 𝑑2
ℎ𝑐𝑝 = (𝑎 + )+
3 2𝑑
18(𝑎 + 3 )

4𝑎𝑑 4𝑑 2
18 (𝑎2 + 3 + 9 ) + 𝑑 2
ℎ𝑐𝑝 =
2𝑑
18(𝑎 + 3 )

𝟔𝒂𝟐 + 𝟖𝒂𝒅 + 𝟑𝒅𝟐


𝒉𝒄𝒑 =
𝟐𝒅
𝟔(𝒂 + 𝟑 )
2. A vertical, rectangular gate with water on one side is
shown in the figure below. Determine the total resultant
force acting on the gate and the location of the center of
pressure.

Solution:

F= Total resultant force


ɤ= Specific weight of water
hcp= Depth from the center of pressure
hcg= Depth from the center of gravity
Icg= Moment of inertia
A= Area of the rectangular gate

F = ɤ. hcg. A

1.2
F = (9.79) (3 + ) [(2)(1.2)]
2

𝐅 = 𝟖𝟒. 𝟓𝟗 𝐤𝐍

Icg
ℎ𝑐𝑝 = hcg +
hcg. A

1.2 [(2)(1.23 )]/12


ℎ𝑐𝑝 = (3 + )+
2 1.2
(3 + 2 ) [(2)(1.2)]

𝒉𝒄𝒑 = 𝟑. 𝟔𝟑𝟑 𝒎
3. A vertical semicircular area of diameter d and radius r is
submerged and has its diameter in a liquid surface (see
figure). Derive an expression for the depth to its center
of pressure.

Solution:

d= Diameter of the semicircular area


r= Radius of the semicircular area
hcp= Depth from the center of pressure
hcg= Depth from the center of gravity
Ix= Moment of inertia of the semicircular area
Icg= Moment of inertia from the center of gravity
A= Semicircular area

𝐈𝐜𝐠
𝒉𝒄𝒑 = 𝒉𝒄𝒈 +
𝒉𝒄𝒈. 𝑨

where:

4r
𝒉𝒄𝒈 =
3𝜋
1 𝜋𝑑4 1 𝜋(2𝑟 4 ) 𝜋𝑟 4
𝐈𝐱 = ( ) ( ) = ( )( )=
2 64 2 64 8

1 𝜋𝑑4 1 𝜋(2𝑟 4 ) 𝜋𝑟 4 𝜋𝑟 2 4r 2
𝐈𝐜𝐠 = ( ) ( ) = ( )( )= −( )( )
2 64 2 64 8 2 3𝜋
𝜋 8
= ( − )(𝑟 4 )
8 9𝜋
𝝅 𝟖 𝟒
𝟒𝐫 ( 𝟖 − 𝟗𝝅)(𝒓 )
𝐡𝐜𝐩 = + =. 𝟓𝟖𝟗𝒓
𝟑𝝅 𝟒𝒓 𝝅𝒓𝟐
(𝟑𝝅)( 𝟐 )
4. Determine and locate the components of the force due to the
water acting on curved area AB per meter of its length for
the given figure.

Solution:

Fh= Horizontal component of the force


Fv= Vertical component of the force

Fh is located at (2/3)(6m) or 4.00 m below C.

Fv is located at the center of gravity of area ABC, or distance


x from line CB. x=4r/(3𝜋)= (4)(6)/(3𝜋)= 2.55 m

5. A piece of wood of sp gr 0.651 is 80 mm square and 1.5 m


long. How many newtons of lead weighing 110 kN/m3 must be
fastened at one end of the stick so that it will float
upright with 0.3 m out of water?

Solution:

Length of wood = 1.5m


Length of wood in water = 1.5-0.3 = 1.2m

Total weight of wood and lead = Weight of water displaced


ɤwoodVwood+ɤleadVlead= ɤwaterVwater displaced
(0.651)(9810)(.082)(1.5)+110000Vlead=(9810)[(.082)(1.2)+ Vlead]
Vlead = 0.00014 m3

Weight of lead = 110000x0.00014

Weight of lead = 15.41 N


6. A prismatic object 8 in thick by 8 in wide by 16 in long
is weighed in water at a depth of 20 in and found to weigh
11.0 lb.. What is its weight in air and its specific
gravity?

Solution:

Forces acting on the object: (Summation Forces Vertical)

T + Fb − W = 0

(8)(8)(16)
Fb = weight of displaced water = (62.4) [ ] = 37 lb
1728

11 + 37 − W = 0

11 + 37 − W = 0

𝐖𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐚𝐢𝐫 = 𝟒𝟖 𝐥𝐛

48
S. g =
37
𝐒. 𝐠 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟎
7. A rectangular open box, 7.6 m by 3 m in plan and 3.7 m
deep, weighs 350 kN and is launced in fresh water. (a) How
deep will it sink? (b) if the water is 3.7 m deep, what
weight of stone placed in the box will cause it to rest on
the bottom?

Solution:

a) Depth of immersion (h) = ?

Weight of block = Weight of water displaced


350000 = ɤwaterVwater displaced
350000 = (9810)(7.6)(3)h

h = 1.56m

b) Weight of block and stone = Weight of water displaced

350000+Weight stone= ɤwaterVwater displaced


350000+Weight stone= (9810)(7.6)(3)(3.7)
Weight stone= 477,572 N
or

Weight stone= 477.57 kN

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