PERSIDANGAN GENEVA

(GENEVA CONVENTION)

1. Pengenalan Undang-undang UUKA

2. Sejarah Perkembangan
3. Sumber UUKA
4. Perjanjian-perjanjian Utama
5. Persidangan Geneva I-IV
6. Protokol Tambahan I-III
7. Soal jawab
 Undang-undang Kemanusiaan
Antarabangsa (UUKA)
Definasi
Undang-undang
Persengketaan
Bersenjata
Sebuah undang- atau
undang
Antarabangsa Undang-undang
digunakan Perang
semasa
perang/Persengk
etaan Bersenjata
Melindungi manusia & hartabenda
Menghadkan cara-cara dan
 PENGENALAN

1.UUKA
2. Penglibatan Politik Perang
3. Hak Asasi Manusia
 SUMBER UUKA

❖Perjanjian (Treaties) Antara Negara

• Persidangan
• Protokol
❖Peraturan setempat (Customary
Rules)
 SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN
1859 – Peperangan di Solferino
1862 – Buku Kenangan di Solferino diterbitkan
17 Feb 1863 – Kumpulan 5 bersidang, Persida-
ngan Geneva Pertama
25 Ockt 1863 – 16 Negara bersidang mengiktiraf
Persidangan Geneva Pertama dan Lambang
Palang Merah – (askar yang cedera di darat)
1906 – Persidangan Geneva Kedua (Askar cedera
dan kapal karam di laut)
1929 – Persidangan Geneva Ketiga (Tawanan
 SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN
1949 – Persidangan Geneva Ke Empat –
(Perlindungan kepada orang Awam)
1977 – Protokol Tambahan Pertama (Melindungi
wanita dan kanak-kanak, harta benda warisan, had
kegunaan senjata dalam masa Persengketaan
Bersenjata)
1977 – Protokol Kedua (Tangungjawab Kombeten
dan non-combatan dalam pertelingkahan bukan
antarabngsa)
8 Disember 2005 – Protol Ketiga (Pengiktirafan
Kristal Merah)
 MAIN TREATIES OF IHL

1949: Four Gevena Conventions

1977: Two Additional Protocols to GC and 3rd
Protocol 2005
1980: Treaty on the prohibition of certain
weapons
1997: Ottawa Treaty on the prohibition of
landmines
1998: Statute of the International Criminal Court
 First
 First signed in 1864 Geneva
 Wounded and sick Convention
on land
• Red Cross as a
protective emblem
• Wounded and sick
protected regardless of
nationality
• Medical personnel
protected
 Second Geneva
Convention
 First signed in 1907
 Extends protection
of the wounded
and sick at sea

• Hospital ships
protected
• Shipwrecked to
be rescued
 Third Geneva
 First signed 1929 Convention
 Protection of PoWs
 They are not
criminals
 They must be
treated humanely
 They must be
repatriated after the
conflict
 Fourth Geneva
 Signed in 1949 Convention
 Protection of
civilians
 Relevant in times
of international
armed conflict
and occupation
Geneva Conventions I, II
and III also revised in
1949.
 Additional Protocol I – 1977

Adds protection in
times of
international
Eg. New tighter rules
conflict
• protecting women and children,
• the environment, historic and cultural sites,
• limiting weaponry and
• setting the age of child soldiers)
 Additional Protocol II – 1977

Applies in times of
non-international
armed conflict.

Develops and expands the responsibilities of

combatants in non-international armed conflicts.
 Additional Protocol III – 2005
Standing Commission of the Red Cross and Red Crescent

THIRD PROTOCOL EMBLEM

Distinctive/Protective emblem
"Red Crystal"

Indicative use Emblem by

Incorporating one or two

existing emblems or
emblem used before 3P

Protokol Tambhan Kepada Persidangan Geneva

12 Ogos 1949
Tarikh diiktiraf Persidangan Diplomatic 8 Disember 2005
Persidangan Palang Merah dan Bulan Sabit Merah
Antarabangsa pada 22 Jun 2006
Negara yang tidak mahu menggunakan Palang Merah atau
Bulan Sabit Merah boleh menggunakan lambnag ini.
 1997: Ottawa Treaty

Signing of the Ottawa Treaty

 Ottawa’s Obligations

An offence to use,
develop,produce,
stockpile or transfer
APLs.
Existing stockpiles
to be destroyed in 4
to 10 year time
span.
 Ottawa’s Obligations

Assist with mine awareness,

clearance and rehabilitation.
 Ottawa’s Obligations

Provision of annual reports to UN

about mine clearance progress.

Domestic criminal penalties including

fines and/or imprisonment.