Auxiliary Views

An AUXILIARY VIEW is attained when

an object is projected on any plane other
than the horizontal, frontal, and profile
horizontal projection planes.
Primary Auxiliary View
-projected on a plane that is perpendicular
to one of the principal planes of projection

Secondary Auxiliary View

-projection from a Primary Auxiliary
View, and on a plane inclined to all three
primary planes

Tertiary Auxiliary View

-projection from a Secondary Auxiliary
View, or from another tertiary auxiliary
view
Illustration:
 Uses of an Auxiliary View
a. To determine true length (TL) of lines,
b. To obtain the point view (PV) of lines,
c. To obtain the edge view (EV) of lines, and
d. To find the true size and shape (TS) of a plane
surface.
True length of a line
 A line will show true length
a plane of projection parallel to
the line.

 To show TL, make a fold line

parallel to the line of question.
 Point View of a line
 A line will show as point view when
projected to a plane perpendicular to it.

 To show point view of a line, choose

the direction of sight parallel to the line
where it is show true length.
Edge View of a Plane
 A plane will show on edge in a plane
of projection which shows any line that
lies entirely within the plane as a point
view.

 Choose the direction of sight parallel

to a true length line lying in the plane.
True Size of a Plane
 A plane shows true
size when projected
onto a plane parallel to
it.

 Choose the direction

of sight perpendicular
to the edge view of the
plane.
More Example:
Depth Auxiliary View
projection perpendicular to the
FRONTAL PROJECTION PLANE (FRP);
DEPTH dimension shown in TL
Height Auxiliary View
projection perpendicular to the
HORIZONTAL PROJECTION PLANE
(HRP); HEIGHT dimension shown in TL
Width Auxiliary View
projection perpendicular to the
PROFILE PROJECTION PLANE (PRP);
WIDTH dimension shown in TL
Construction of Auxiliary Views
Techniques:

1. Folding Line Method

2. Reference Plane Method
Construction of Auxiliary Views
 Folding Line Method
◦ Given the top and front
views, draw an auxiliary
view showing the true size
and shape of surface “P”.
◦ Draw a folding line (H/F)
for the auxiliary view at
any convenient distance
from the front view (Y).
◦ Distance “X” & “Y” may or
may not be equal.
◦ Define the line of sight.
o Two views are related
by dimension when
they are both adjacent
to the same projection
plane.
o The distances from
the edge view (folding
line) of the common
plane to a point,
determines the
distance to the point in
the auxiliary view.
o Draw a folding line
(F/1) for the auxiliary
view at any convenient
distance from the
front view.
o The distances “X” must
be equal.
o Draw the auxiliary view
locating all points the
same distance from
F/1 as they are from
H/F.
Construction of Auxiliary Views
 Reference Plane Method
o In the folding line
method of auxiliary
view development the
folding lines represent
the edge views of the
projection planes.
o The frontal plane can
be considered a
reference plane, or
datum plane, for
transferring distances.
o Instead of using one of the planes of projection it may
be more convenient to assume a reference plane that is
parallel to the plane of projection and touching or
cutting through the object.
o Remember the following:
o Reference lines are always at right angles to the
projection lines between views.
o A reference plane appears as a line in two related
views.
o Measurements are always made at right angles to
the reference lines.
o In the auxiliary view, all points are the same
distance from the reference line as the
corresponding points are from the reference line
in the related view.
 The Auxiliary Plane

 Does surface
“ABCD”appear true size or
shape in any regular view?

 In this case, the auxiliary

plane is assumed to be
parallel to surface “ABCD”.

 The line of sight is

perpendicular to surface
“ABCD”.
Steps in Auxiliary View
Representation of circular features in auxiliary
view drawings
The best approach to projection of a circular shape is by plotting lines of
intersection.

1. A center line (AB) of the auxiliary view is drawn parallel to the edge
line.

2.The parameter of the circle in the top view needs to be divided into
equal slices or equally spaced points. Our example is divided in 24 equally
spaced points, 15° apart.The circumference of the circle (360°) is divided
in 24 equal spaces, 360°/24=15°.

3.These points are then projected down to the edge line on the front
view, then at right angles toward and past the center line of the auxiliary
view.

4.The widths between the center line and individual points taken from the
top view are transferred to the auxiliary view.This is shown as lengths C
and D for points 5 and 23 in the previous figure.

5.When all the widths have been transferred from the top view to the
auxiliary view, the resulting points of intersection are connected to give
the preferred elliptical shape.
Auxiliary View
REAL WORLD APPLICATIONS
Recall (Applications of A.V.):
● Shows the true size and shape of a
surface or a plane
● Shows the true angle between two
surfaces
or planes(dihedral angle)
● Successive A.V can be used to draw
oblique objects
● Reverse Construction
Real World Applications
● Given two adjacent views, we can find
an auxiliary view where the true shape,
true lines and true angles of an
object can be seen.
● Consequently, we can find the true form
of the object
Example
In this example, the given views are
the front view and side view at the bottom.
Example (Rod Guide)
For this example, the given views are the
top and front views.
Example (Bike Pump)
In this example, the three principal views
are given.
Something to think about
● An engineer gave a set of plans to a
builder for a unique roof, but did not give
any auxiliary views.
● The builder didn’t know how to build the
roof, and so he asked the engineer.
● Should the engineer give the builder
auxiliary views of the roof? If so, what
views should it be? Do a rough sketch.
References:
● http://www.tarleton.edu/Faculty/tbarker/10
5/Notes_handouts/105_auxiliary_tgb.pdf
● http://jakeforbes.weebly.com/engr-seg-3-
students-will-draw-auxiliary-views.html
● http://www.slideshare.net/laura_gerold/cla
ss-15-presentation