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8-Port Decimator
User’s Manual
126504
information, by its retention and use, agrees to protect the same and
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits
Contents
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Contents (Cont'd)
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Figures
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Tables
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1.1 Overview
This section describes how the Decimator works and how to use the Decimator. It includes a
description of all common activities for which the Decimator is designed. Section 1.0 contains the
basics and Section 2.0 provides a reference section for some of the details.
The Decimator product consists of a 1U rack-mount unit, containing a Decimator circuit card and an
8-port switch circuit card, along with a CD containing this User Manual and some useful example
files. The Decimator contains software that will load a Java applet on your PC when you reference it
from a browser such as Internet Explorer, Chrome or Firefox. The applet allows the user to select
which of the 8 ports to use as the input to the Decimator and to make Spectrum Mode measurements,
Time Domain measurements (future), and to determine Decimator Status.
Refer to Figure 1-1 for a diagram of the Decimator. A picture of the Decimator is shown in Figure
1-2 and a picture of the Decimator circuit card is shown in Figure 1-3. The Decimator can be
installed into any standard 19-inch equipment rack. The Decimator can be accessed remotely via the
Ethernet connection by any computer that has access to the same network.
The following minimum capabilities are recommended for the client computer:
● 2.3 GHz Processor (or better)
● 4 GB of RAM (or better)
● An operating system that supports a web browser and Java VM as listed below
● A web browser such as Internet Explorer, Chrome, or Firefox
● Java JVM 1.4.2 or newer for Decimator software versions up to 1.5.13 and Java
JDK 1.6, release 10 or newer for Decimator software versions 2.0.0 and up.
● An Ethernet connection available for the Decimator to connect to the computer.
2.1 General
This section is a complete reference of all the capabilities of the Decimator. In some cases all the
relevant information was provided in Section 1.0. In this case the corresponding section here will
refer back to Section 1.0.
No security restrictions are incorporated into the Decimator’s Java Applet or API Socket Interface.
Refer to Section 2.10 for details on the Web Configuration Manager security.
The Decimator Java Applet and API Socket Interface are designed to allow up to 5 remote
connections simultaneously. However, multiple connections will impact the speed at which the
Decimator can make measurements, as measurement requests on all connections are handled on a
first come first serve basis.
The Original Decimator and D2 are designed to allow only one connection at a time. Connections
are made on a first come first serve basis. SED does offer proxy software that can be installed on a
computer which allows multiple users to connect to a single Original Decimator or D2 via that
computer. The proxy software manages the sharing between multiple users. This has an impact on
speed that the Original Decimator or D2 can take measurements, as measurement requests may
require different Decimator configurations.
The Decimator can be operated on a tabletop or it can be installed in any standard 19-inch equipment
rack. The rubber feet should be removed prior to installing it in a rack. The ground stud on the rear
panel should be connected to the facility earth ground when installed in a rack. The RF inputs shall
not be directly connected to an outdoor antenna. As a minimum, a low noise amplifier (LNA) or
similar device should be connected between the antenna and the Decimator.
The Decimator can be set up as either dedicated or shared access. With dedicated access, an
Ethernet cable is connected directly between the client computer and the Decimator. In this
configuration only the client computer can access the Decimator. With shared access, an Ethernet
cable is connected between the Decimator and a hub or switch. In this configuration any computer
on the network can access the Decimator. Any hub or switch is compatible with the Decimator but
10BaseT products will slow down the measurement speed.
No software, other than the Java runtime, needs to be installed on the client computer in order to use
the Decimator from a browser – the Java Applet will automatically be downloaded by the web
browser. Direct access to the API Socket Interface requires user written API software.
The Decimator uses a Web Configuration Manager (WCM) to modify the network configuration,
calibration files, port names, and licence.
To access the WCM, enter <decimator IP address>/cgi-bin/wmc.cgi into a web browser’s address
bar. For example, to access the Decimator on the default IP address us the following
http://192.168.10.1/cgi-bin/wcm.cgi
This will display the following web page. To log in, select an access level and enter the password.
The default password for access level admin is ‘admin’ (without the quotes). The password is case
sensitive.
The client computer, whether using the Java Applet, API Socket Interface, or WCM, must have the
appropriate network routes to access the 192.168.10.xxx subnet. If a ping or inspection of the
routing table determines that no connectivity exists, then a route needs to be configured. To
configure connectivity for a Windows 2000/XP/7/8 computer, enter the route from a command
window. Example, if the client computer has an IP address of 192.168.123.100, enter the command:
To change the Decimator’s network configuration, log in to the Web Configuration Manager as
described in Section 2.10 and navigate to the Network tab. The following page will be displayed
Enter the new network information and click Save Changes. The following page will be displayed.
Click Reboot Now to reboot the card and begin using the new settings.
The reset switch on the rear of the Decimator can be used to restore the Decimator’s network
configuration and API Socket Interface port to the defaults. Any calibration or licence files installed
will remain unchanged. The procedure to restore the factory default settings is as follows
2. Locate the reset switch on the rear of the unit between the 10 MHz REF and the LAN
connectors. Using a paper clip or similar instrument, depress the switch and hold
3. Apply power to the Decimator and allow 120 seconds for the Decimator to initialize
The Calibration tab, shown below, is used to install or modify a switch port calibration. An example
switch port calibration file is included on the CD. After a switch port calibration file is installed or
modified, the Decimator will have to be reset for the changes to take effect.
#Port = XX
Where XX is the port for which the calibration is intended (i.e. XX = 1 for port 1, XX = 7 for port 7,
XX = 12 for port 12, etc). For a Decimator with no switch port licence, only port 1 is valid. Be sure
to upload the proper calibration file to the proper port or the Decimator may return undesired results.
Note that the Decimator will use linear interpolation to determine the desired offset between
calibration points.
The Port Names tab, shown below, is used to modify the names of the ports. On the User Interface,
these names will be displayed in the combo box. As a side note, this does not affect the low level
switch port messaging between clients and the Decimator card, as the switch port number is still
used. After the switch port names are modified, click the Apply Changes button.
The ‘Licence’ tab of the Decimator WCM, shown below, can be used to modify the available
features of the Decimator. To begin the licence file upgrade, first click the ‘Browse’ button and
select the SED provided licence file. Then click the ‘Upload’ button to transfer the file to the
Decimator.
Once the new licence file has been uploaded the following page will be displayed. Click the ‘Reboot
and Apply’ button for the new licence file changes to take effect.
The Application Program Interface (API) is a socket interface used to configure and initiate
measurements, retrieve measurement data, and monitor status. The default port for the API socket
Interface is 9784, but this can be configured through the WCM Network tab. The required
information for programmatic access is described in a separate document named “Decimator API
Specification (125497_revX).pdf” provided on the CD.
In addition to the API Socket Interface, there is a built-in graphical user interface (GUI) that can be
displayed using any web browser, such as Internet Explorer, Chrome, or Firefox. The GUI is quite
intuitive to use and allows interactive use of the Decimator for any general purpose investigation that
a traditional digital or analog spectrum analyzer can be used for.
Refer to Figure 2-1 for a picture of the main applet for the Decimator. The applet window is divided
into two areas: the screen, on the left side main area, and the control buttons, on the right side
column.
For the spectrum mode, the basic operations made by the Decimator are to collect the samples
required for the selection made, perform a windowed FFT (see Advanced Settings), and present the
spectrum data to the operator. Similar to traditional spectrum analyzers, the speed of the
measurement is a function of the RBW and the span.
The screen consists of four areas, as shown in Figure 2-2. This window allows the user to control the
Y axis scaling and reference, as well as the attenuation level.
The Plot Area, to the center, consisting of the grid and plot of the signal. Marker values show up at
the top of the plot area.
The North Settings Bar, along the top, consisting of the connection LED, RBW, Span, # Averages,
Start Frequency, Center Frequency, and Stop Frequency
The West Settings bar, along the left, consisting of the Reference Level, Reference Select, Scale per
Division, and minimum displayed power level.
And finally, the South Mouse Indicator Bar, along the bottom, consisting of the mouse cursor
positions frequency and amplitude.
The Screen Area will automatically update the values of the various parameters in real time as the
signal changes or the user changes parameters.
Table 2-1 describes in detail each button and data field of the Decimator’s GUI. Use of the GUI is
described further in the Help file under the system button.
Pressing the Measure button (Measure Setup on software version prior to 3.0.0) allows access to
some advanced settings, not typically changed for most measurements, but available if desired.
These settings allow the user to select the FFT Window type and Optimization. On Software
versions prior to 3.0.0, Spectral Inversion and FFT Overlap are also available.
A selection of FFT windows types have been made available to provide the user with expanded
analysis capability. The available window types and their respective characteristics are shown in
Table 2-2.
Configuring the Decimator to an Optimization setting of Spurious will increase the measurement
time but reduce, and in most cases remove completely, the spurious signals generated within the
Decimator. It is recommended that Speed Optimization be used when measuring modulated or noise
signal band power, as spurious optimization can reduce measurement accuracy. An Optimization
setting of Speed will increase measurement speed at the expense of leaving internally generated
spurious signals visible to the user.
1
“On the Use of Windows for Harmonic Analysis with Discrete Fourier Transform”, Fredric J. Harris, Proceedings of
the IEEE, Vol. 66, No. 1, January 1978
2
“Extremely Flat-Top Windows for Harmonic Analysis”, Irini S. Reljin, Branimir D. Reljin, Veljko D. Papić, IEEE
Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol. 56, No. 3, June 2007”
3
“Technical Review, Windows to FFT Analysis”, Brüel & Kjær, No. 3 1987
A Decimator with a switch port licence can enable Cross Polarity mode (CrossPol). In this mode the
Decimator will display the spectrum from two inputs simultaneously. In the example below, the
green trace, Switch Port, is configured as “1 - port1” and the orange trace, Cross Pol Switch Port, is
configured as “7 – port7”. The input port names default to “portX” where X is a number between 1
and 8. These names can be changed through the WCM’s Port Names tab. CrossPol markers display
the delta power between the two traces.
The Decimator can be configured to monitor up to 100 carriers, validating the captured trace for
limits within acceptable Band Power and Presence of a Carrier thresholds. The measurement is
defaulted to use the entire span of the viewport. If configured, email or SNMP trap notification
events will be raised when an alarm threshold is exceeded. To use the carrier monitor, a new
measurement must be configured then enabled.
The following figure shows the New Measurement window. A unique name must be giving to each
new measurement. Use the drop down box to configure the options for Analyses, Notifications, and
State. Note that the state options are not configurable through this menu. These values are
determined from the current Java Applet configuration.
Once all of the options are configured, click the Ok button in the corner of the New Measurement
window. This will cause the Carrier Monitor Toolbar to be displayed on the left side of the Java
Applet.
The carrier monitor toolbar appears after one New Measurement has been configured. Moving the
mouse cursor over the toolbar widens it to make the measurement names visible. Figure 2-4 shows
the Java Applet with three Carrier Monitor measurements configured. Note that the measurement
has been ‘Played’ so many of the Carrier Monitor Toolbar buttons have been disabled. The selected
carrier (“Carrier 1” from the Measurement Table) has up to 24 hours of results shown in the Carrier
window.
The following Table describes each of the Carrier Monitor Toolbar buttons.
Button Name Button Graphic Description
Play Start the carrier monitor. This will sequentially
process the carrier monitor measurements. If a
threshold is exceeded Measurement Status LED
will go red and, if enabled, a notification will be
sent.
Stop Stop the carrier monitor measurements
The Carrier Monitor can be configured to send SNMP or email notifications if a measurement
threshold is exceeded. Note that both the master switch (press Carrier MonitorEmail or Carrier
MonitorSNMP) and the measurement notification control (select the measurement from the
Carrier Monitor Toolbar and click the ‘Edit’ button and then select Notifications from the drop down
menu) must be enabled for notifications to be generated.
After setting up the measurements for carrier monitoring in the previous section and running and
testing interactively, it may be beneficial to run the carrier monitoring not from within the Java
Applet, but from a command line task.
Normally, the user interface is started with default settings. If you find you often change the settings
to the same values regularly, you can save a Project and reopen it each time you use the card, or you
may want to take advantage of the query string function.
The user interface can be configured via the URL used to access it, so that it will start with the
specified settings. For example, the URL http://192.168.10.1/index.html?frequency=1455.5 will start
the user interface with the center frequency set to 1455.5 MHz. The complete list of possible
parameters is shown below.
The parameters must be appended to the regular URL using the standard URL query string format
(parameter list and URL separated by '?', parameters separated by '&', and parameter name/value
separated by '='). The parameters can be in any order, and parameter names are case insensitive. You
may specify as many or as few parameters as you like.
Examples:
● http://192.168.10.1/index.html?frequency=1350.5&span=25.5
○ Sets the center frequency to 1350.5 MHz, and span to 25.5 kHz.
● http://192.168.10.1/index.html?autoyaxis=false
○ Turns off automatic Y-axis scaling.
● http://192.168.10.1/index.html?frequency=1350.5&span=25.5&RBW=98&averag
es=11&referenceselect=external&capturemode=continuous
○ Sets the center frequency to 1350.5 MHz, span to 25.5 kHz, resolution
bandwidth to 98 Hz, the number of averages to 11, enables the external clock
reference, then starts a continuous mode trace.
Note: the time domain mode User Interface is not accessible on the Java Applet at this time. It will
be made available when demand warrants it. Time domain mode is only available from the API
Socket Interface at this time.
The time domain mode is used to measure the instantaneous power of the input signal in the actual
span shown.
For the time domain, the basic operations made by the card are to collect the samples contiguously
and then display the data in the time domain to the operator.
This also can be done in Raw mode or Decimated mode. Raw mode takes the full input range of the
card and displays the time domain data. Decimated mode reduces the bandwidth down to the
desired span (as close as it can; refer to the actual span reported). The resultant time domain data is
displayed to the user. Note that the scale and time range of the display are actual values, based on
the settings chosen.
The Decimator supports monitoring of the operational status through the SNMP interface. MIB
definitions are available to provide translations of the OIDs to readable labels. The SNMP interface
provides read-only data concerning the device operations.
The OIDs of interest are the device identification and version information, as well as the operational
status.
The device identification is provided in the ISO branch of the object ID structure. The ENTITY-
MIB file contains the translations for these nodes. Notable entries are as follows:
Status information on the device operations is provided in the ISO branch as well. The IADC-MIB
file contains the OID translations. Entries are as follows:
.1.3.6.1.4.1.9633.4.1.3.0 System up time, indicates how long the device has been
running since last reset.
The MIB OID files are available from the HTTP interface of the Decimator. To obtain the files,
enter the filename for each into the URL field of a browser and then save the file for use by your
SNMP tools. Example, to access the files using the default IP address, use the following URLs:
http://192.168.10.1/ENTITY-MIB.mib
http://192.168.10.1/IADC-MIB.mib
http://192.168.10.1/SEDSYSTEMS-MIB.mib
The input to the Decimator must be in the range listed in Section 2.12. Note that the input can be
limited by an external filter to the band of interest within this range in order to avoid reducing the
signal to noise ratio of the instrument. The more broadband noise allowed into the Decimator, the
lower the dynamic range available for the Decimator to use. The total power in the full L-Band
range should not exceed the input power level specification for Decimator. Any band pass, high
pass, or low pass RF filter suitable for 75-ohm (or 50-ohm) applications may be used on the input to
the Decimator.
The Decimator uses a 10 MHz reference as a frequency reference. Note that frequencies reported
will be limited in accuracy and phase noise by the choice of 10 MHz reference. The on-board
frequency reference is accurate to ±2.6 ppm (Original Decimator / D2 is accurate to 10e-5) and is
selected by default. An external reference will typically provide better accuracy.
The external frequency reference must be selected through the Java Applet or the API Socket
Interface. The setting will remain selected until you close the connection.
The Decimator incorporates a web page to manage updating the firmware. This eliminates the need
to return the unit to the factory for updates.
Reset the Decimator before installing firmware and ensure there are no API connections made,
including the Java Applet and the API Socket Interface, after the reset and during the installation.
The Decimator can be reset in the Configuration->Reset tab of the Web Configuration Manager or
by cycling the power to it.
The Firmware Upgrade tab, shown below, is the default tab displayed after successfully logging in to
the Decimators WCM. Refer to Section 2.5.1.1 for details on logging in.
The firmware update file, supplied by SED, can be transferred to the Decimator using a local host
computer. After specifying the server information and clicking Upload, the file will be obtained and
then the following screen will be displayed
Clicking on Begin Flash will update the Decimator firmware. When complete, the Decimator will be
automatically reset. If the firmware file fails the integrity check, it is highly recommended that the
Cancel Firmware Upgrade button be pressed or there is a risk the Decimator may be rendered
unresponsive.
The 8-Port Decimator User’s Manual must be reviewed before installation and operation of the unit.
Failure to do so can result in damage to the unit or injury to the user. If the equipment is used in a
manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection provided by the equipment may be
impaired. Heed all warning signals.
CAUTION Symbols can be found within this manual or on the instrument. The
CAUTION symbol denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a situation that could result
in personal injury or damage to the product. Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION
until the indicated conditions are fully understood.
Parameter Specification
Measurements
Amplitude Accuracy ± 0.5 dB (at 25°C) 1
± 1.0 dB (5 to 40°C)
Frequency Accuracy Approximately 10e-5 (internal) – Original Decimator / D2
± 2.6 ppm (internal) - D3
or as per external reference source
Frequency Resolution 1 Hz
Resolution Bandwidth 1 Hz to 15 MHz
Spurious Images: < -55 dBc (typical)
Aliasing: < -55 dBc (typical)
DC Offset: (time domain only) < -30 dBc (typical)
Single Measurement 16 kHz to 52 MHz – Original Decimator / D2
Span up to 220 MHz – Decimator D3
Multiple Measurement 52 MHz to 1200 MHz – Original Decimator / D2
Span up to 2995 MHz – Decimator D3
Averaging User selectable,
up to 100 averages – Original Decimator and D2
up to 255 averages – Decimator D3
Measurement Speed3 Original Decimator and D2: 8192 Point FFT, 52 MHz span : 2.11 seconds
1024 Point FFT, 3.5 MHz span: 0.190 seconds
Decimator D3: 500 MHz span, 1 MHz RBW, 200 ms
200 MHz span, 30 KHz RBW, 630 ms
80 MHz span, 100 kHz RBW, 170 ms
3.5 MHz span, 8 kHz RBW, 90 ms
Notes:
1. Measurement conditions: 10 averages, input level between -8 dBm and -68 dBm, 3 sigma
2. Resolution bandwidths auto or manual adjustable
3. Expected rates with 10 averages, speed optimization
4. All specification at 25°C unless otherwise noted and are subject to change without notice.
2.13 Cleaning
Clean the exterior of the chassis with a damp cloth ONLY. DO NOT USE ANY SOLVENTS.
2.14 Maintenance
2.15 Calibration
If the Decimator is being used for absolute level measurements, it needs to be recalibrated once
every 2 years. If it is being used for general carrier detection or relative measurements, such as
carrier to noise ratio, then no calibration is required.
If your Decimator is not operating correctly, contact the Service Department for support and a
Return Material Authorization (RMA) number if applicable. There are no serviceable parts inside
the unit.
SED Systems
18 Innovation Boulevard
P.O. Box 1464
Saskatoon, SK
Canada
Telephone: 306-933-1605
Fax: 306-933-1695
Email: service@sedsystems.ca
Website: http://www.sedsystems.ca/contact_customer_service