ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEMS 59

ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEMS.

3-1. Figure 3-6 shows a simple structural connection composed of two steel
straps held together by two bolts 1 in. in diameter. The upper strap is 3/s in. thick,
and the lower strap is '/2 in. thick. Both straps are 3 in. wide. Calculate the max-
imum unit stresses in shear, bearing, and tension caused by a pull P of 15,000 Ib.

Fig. 3-6 Bolted connection.

Solution: In each case we must calculate the size of the area resisting the pull.
By dividing this area into the pull P, we obtain the average unit stress.
5/iear. The bolt is in single shear. Hence, A, = 2(0.7854) = 1.57 in.2 and
15,000
9550 psi A/?s.
1.57
Bearing. The upper strap bears against the right side of each bolt, and the area
in bearing is presumed to be the bolt diameter times the thickness of the strap.
That area is (2)(1X0.375) = 0.75 in.2. The lower strap bears against the left side of
each bolt, and that bearing area is (2)(1)(0.5) = 1.0 in.2. Clearly, since each strap
is subjected to a pull of 15,000 Ib. the maximum stress will be exerted.on the small-
est of these two areas and is
15.000
= 20,000 psi A/is.
[—3 0.75
Tension. When either rivets or unfinished bolts are used in structural joints, the
hole is considered to be of'/» in. larger diameter than the rivet or bolt. The max-
imum tensile stress will be found in the upper strap, where the net resisting area is
smaller than in the lower strap. This area is (3.0 - 1.1251(0.375) = 0.703 in.-.
Hence

[—2 15.000
0.703
= 21.300 psi

3-2. An ASTM A36 steel beam. W 21 x 62. is connected to a steel column.

Anx.

W 14 x 99. with 3/4-in.-diameter rivets, as illustrated in Fig. 3-7. All connecting

angles are 3/» in. thick. Calculate the allowable load R that may safely be trans-
mitted from the beam to the column through the bearing-type connection.
60 RIVETED AND WELDED JOINTS. THIN-WALLED PRESSURE VESSELS

/•Column ^Beam^

flange* i iJl
*"""
i
0(
5/i fe o< )O
ff/7^fes ex >o
(X "^ * 5JO;
1
\ —^ ex >0
H.O, o< (•O
n jMl ••_
1.4 r4»- -
0 11 0
0 0
I 1 - Fig. 3-7 Beam-to-column connection.

Solution: In order to determine the allowable load on this connection, we must

first find the allowable load on one rivet in shear, single or double, and in bearing.
In this connection, however, there are two groups of rivets which must be consid-
ered separately: group A of five rivets through the web of the beam and group B of
four rivets which connect the seat angle to the column flange. The two rivets fas-
tening the beam flange to the seat angle do not resist any vertical load and must be
disregarded.
From Table E-4 we find that the web of the W 21 x 62 beam is 0.40 in. thick.
The side angles are 3/« in. (0.375 in.) thick. The rivets through the beam web are in
double shear, in bearing against 0.40-in. web and two 3/»-in. angles.
Allowable load on one J/«-in. rivetjn group A (through beam web):
' V .'

In double shear (I7.5)(2)(0.442) = 15.47 kips

In bearing on 0.40-in. plate (43.5)(0.4)f—j = 13.05 kips «- Governs
In bearing on (2)(0.375^= 0.75 in. = 24.47 kips
• "*"' f, -

In group.5, the four rivets are in single shear, in bearing against one -Vs-in. angle
and also in bearing against the 3 /4in.-thick column flange.
Allowable load on one 3/4-in. rivet in group B (through seat angle):

In single shear (17.5X0.442) = 7.774 kips «- Governs

In bearing on f-in. angles. 43.5f -jrj (-T-J = 12.23 kips

In bearing on ?-in. flange = 24.47 kips

The total allowable load on the connection then is

Allowable load on 5 group A rivets = (5X13.05) = 65.25 kips

Allowable load on 4 group B rivets = (4)(7.74) = 30.96 kips
Total allowable load R on connection = 96.21 kips Ans.