The finished pipe shall be free from unacceptable defects.

Defects in seamless pipe or in the parent metal

of welded pipe will be considered unacceptable when the depth of the defect is greater than 12.5% of the
nominal wall thickness.

The repair of defects will not be permitted if the depth of the defect exceeds 1/3 of the nominal wall
thickness of the pipe and if the length of that portion of the defect in which the depth exceeds 12.5% is
greater than 25% of the outside diameter of the pipe. Each length of repaired pipe shall be tested
hydrostatically in accordance with standard requirements.

http://www.spiralco.com/English/Specifications/AWWA.htm

What are the different types of pipes and how are they classified?

The manufacturing processes decides the dominant characteristics of the pipe. Therefore the
classification of the pipes is named after the method of its manufacturing.

The various classifications are :-

ERW – Electric Resistance Welded
EFSW – Electric Fusion Spiral Welded
SAW – Submerged Arc Welded
SSAW- Spiral Seam Arc Welded
SEAMLESS HFS –pipes manufactured by piercing & rolling the heated billet are known as HFS
pipe
SEAMLESS CDS – hollows/or hfs pipes are further drawn by cold drawing method.
E.Fs.W – Electric Fusion Welded

What are the differences between Pipes and Tubes ?

Pipes & tubes are basically hollow bar,the diffrentiaition is mainly depending on its end use,& its
dimension designation. - Tubes are usually thin walled sections. Their wall thickness ranges
from 0.3mm to 12.7 mm. The wall thickness are specified in Gauges as BWG/SWG. Pipes have
range of wall thickness from 2mm to 65mm.

- Tubes are numerically identical to the size of their ODs. The wall thickness specified in
Gauges as BWG/SWG. For example, a ¾ inch tube has OD, which is equal to ¾ x 25.4 =
19.05mm which is equivalent to the size of its designation.

- Where as Pipe dimensions have Outer Diameter that is numerically larger than the designated
size. For example, a 4-inch NB, the OD is not equal to 4 x 25.4 = 101.6mm BUT its equal to
4.5x25.4=114.3mm - Tubes can also be easily coiled but the thickness and rigidity of the pipes
makes them harder to bend.
- Tubes can be used to connect parts of machines such as Heat exchangers, condensers and as a
result are subjected to both internal and external pressures. Pipes are generally used to connect
large machines to other large machines and are generally not subjected to external pressures.

What are the various standard test conducted on a seamless pipes after manufacture?

Pipes undergo rigorous testing to ensure that they are of the highest quality. They are done
specifically to meet certain requirements.

The mandatory tests are grouped as:-

Non – Destructive

 HYDRO TESTING
 (UT) ULTRASONIC TEST
 (ECT) EDDY CURRENT TEST
 MPI (MAGNETIC PARTICLE INSPECTION
 PMI (POSITIVE MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION

Destructive

 MECHANICAL TESTING FOR TENSILE STRENGTH

 MECHANICAL TESTING FOR IMPACT
 MECHANICAL TEST FOR FLATTENING
 MECHANICAL TEST FOR FLARING

Explain what is the significance of each of the following test and what can be known from
them.

Hydro test – This is performed to check the leakge as a result of manufacturing defects
Eddy Current Test – This is done to ensure there are no surface defects on the inner / outer
surface areas
Magnetic Particle Test – to detect surface and sub surface discontinuity, surface cracks and
minor ruptures
Ultra Sonic Testing – This is performed to detect flaws such as laps, laminations, blowholes
and cracks