Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Student workbook
2
Contents
Unit 1 Page 1
Unit 2 2
Unit 3 3
Unit 4 4
Unit 5 5
Unit 6 6
Unit 7 7
Unit 8 8
Unit 9 9
Unit 10 10
Unit 11 11
Unit 12 12
Unit 13 13
Unit 14 14
Unit 15 15
Unit 16 16
Unit 17 17
Unit 18 18
Answer Key 19
ii Agriculture
1
1 Label the diagram with the words listed below.
husk silk kernel
1 2
2
3
ratoons sprout setts mature seeds plantations
Sugar cane is cultivated on large farms called 1
. Sugar cane originates from 2
.
After the harvesting of the first 3
crop, sections of stalk called 4
are replanted.
When these 5
a new crop called 6
is produced.
4 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences about sugar cane.
1 well/ drained/ Sugar/ cane/ needs/ soil
2 has/ shallow and fibrous/ Sugar/ root/ cane/ system/ has
3 pest/ resistant /and diseases/ now/ are/ Some/ varieties
Agriculture 1
2
1 Label the harvesting diagram with the words listed below.
rotary brushes
chopper 1 2
bale chamber
collection floor
1
2
3
4
3
2 Read the sentences and decide if they are true (T) or false (F).
1 A person can harvest only 2 tons of cane per day.
2 The harvesting knife has a small hook on it.
3 Leaves are collected from the field to prevent diseases.
4 Using machines to harvest strengthens the roots.
5 A plant will only sprout once.
4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.
1 Sugar cane is (harvest) by chopping down the stems.
2 The roots are (leave) so that it re-grows in time for the next crop.
3 Harvest times are (usual) in the dry season.
4 The cane is (took) to the factory.
5 The harvesting can (lasting) from 2 to 11 months.
2 Agriculture
3
1 Find eight words relating to sugar cane processing. a b c g l u c o s e
The words read from left to right (→) and top to m h y u i v r e u s
bottom (↓). o c i l m q w t c u
l i m m e l j h r v
glucose sucrose fructose a s p u p o k l o b
lime juice crystal s a u j q w j h s y
molasses impurity s f r u c t o s e t
e c i i x v b p o o
s e t c r y s t a l
l i y e j u i e c s
endosperm bran germ
1
2 1 2
Agriculture 3
4
1 Complete the text with the words listed below.
seed germ berry distinct milling wheat
A kernel of 1
is sometimes called the wheat 2
. The kernel is the 3
from which the wheat plant grows. Each tiny seed contains three 4
parts that are separated
during the 5
process to produce flour. These parts are called endosperm, 6
, and
bran.
4 Agriculture
5
1 Read the sentences and underline the unnecessary articles.
1 He has an experience of using this machine.
2 Turn it off, I can smell the burning.
3 The problem is the manual is out of the date.
2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1 Crystallised sugar is (separate) from the molasses by centrifuging.
2 (dry) is necessary to stop individual sugar grains from clumping together.
3 Lime (adjust) the pH of the cane juice.
4 The juice is (heat) to 65-70oC.
5 In the milling stage, sugar cane is first (wash).
poultry washing manually contaminated grading separate
1 Many root crops are with soil after harvesting.
2 Wet cleaning describes the of food with water to remove dirt.
3 Shape sorting is used in cereal processing to different grains.
4 Weight sorting is widely used in the processing of eggs, meat, and fish.
5 Food grading is frequently carried out .
6 Different characteristics need to be considered when food.
4 Look at the diagram of the sugar refining process and answer the questions.
1 What is the first stage of the refining process?
2 What is added to the sugar juice as part of the first sulfation process?
3 What comes first in the process - clarifying or packaging?
heating
sulfation
~ 100 to 105
So2
centrifuging crystallizing
Agriculture 5
6
1 Match the words (1–5) with their opposites (a–e).
1 coarse a unrefined
2 natural b man-made
3 dried c sour
4 refined d fine
5 sweet e wet
Andre,
The boiling vats are not heating up properly. You need to get the engineers in to deal
with it. They can be here at 0700 in the morning. Last time this happened they did not
finish until 1200. Expect production to be disrupted.
Frank
6 Agriculture
7
1 Match the food hygiene words (1–8) with the definitions (a–h).
1 hygienic a when food must be used by
2 implements b to keep things clean and free from disease
3 premises c tools to cook food with or to clean the kitchen
4 support d fluids and food which have not been cleaned up
5 spillages e to help something to happen
6 efficient f a property where food is cooked or stored
7 harbour g where food or dirt can easily hide
8 storage life h how well something or someone works
bacteria complaints away chewing fall before salmonella health disease
1 Rodents include mice and rats. They spread . Rodents also cause damage by
. Rodent droppings and urine can contain .
2 Bits of metal and plastic can sometimes into food. This can lead to consumer
and even risks if swallowed.
3 Soil can contain chemicals and . Raw vegetables must be cleaned _______ from other
food. Vegetables should be fully cleaned cooking.
Agriculture 7
8
1 Complete the table of adjectives and adverbs.
Adjectives Adverbs Adjectives Adverbs
1 careful 9 late
2 clearly 10 patient
3 early 11 politely
4 fast 12 quick
5 freshly 13 quietly
6 good 14 regular
7 hard 15 seriously
8 immediate 16 slow
hormones carbohydrate casein lecithin rennin
1 can influence enzyme action, metabolism and physiology.
2 is a compound of carbon and water.
3 is a protein from milk.
4 is an emulsifier found in soya bean oil and eggs.
5 is an enzyme used to make cheese.
8 Agriculture
9
1 Find the ten words listed below in the puzzle. w q c a l o r i e s
The words read from left to right (→) e s d f g h i n k j
and top to bottom (↓). i d e r t y u t i o
g a i n z x c a v u
joule calories ingest h h j k l o p k b l
nutrients intake weight t i g h t e r e x e
gain absorb h g a b s o r b d s
c a l o r y e n t s
n u t r i e n t s b
y e r i n g e s t f
3 Complete the sentences with the words listed below and draw the time on each clock.
Agriculture 9
10
1 Match the natural food dyes (1–5) with the colours they produce (a–e).
1 chlorella algae a red
2 cochineal b red/purple
3 betanin c blue
4 butterfly pea d yellow
5 saffron e green
2 Read the sentences and decide if they are true (T) or false (F).
1 Ascorbic acid gives vinegar its sour taste and smell.
2 Lactic acid is found in milk.
3 Tartaric acid gives grapes their sweet taste.
4 Malic acid gives apples their sour taste.
5 Ascorbic acid is better known as Vitamin C.
green top
80–88%
Moisture Attached
Tops leaves
Ground Trash
Millable cane
Attached Trash Millable stem 60% Total Biomass
18–30% moisture 70–75%
Moisture 70–75% Moisture
expanding 15–20% Fibre
crown 10–15% Sucrose
10 Agriculture
11
1 Complete the table with the correct food additive listed below.
glazingagent stabilizer thickener acid humectants emulsifier
Additive purpose
1 Protective coating
3 Increase viscosity
4 Preservative
4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.
1 When I (arrive) at work this morning, I was (prepare) for a very busy day.
2 By the time I made it to the office, the meeting (begin, already) without me. My
supervisor (be) very angry.
3 Since I began working here, I have (perform) _______ several jobs. Now I am (charge) of
training.
Agriculture 11
12
1 Match the definitions (1–6) with the phrasal verbs listed below.
chase up carry out catch up get on with fall behind hold up
1 lose time on a schedule
2 perform a task
3 cause a delay
4 contact somebody in order to remind them to do something
5 spend extra time doing something because you haven’t done it earlier
6 make progress
3 Complete the canning process chart with the words listed below.
labelling grading filling cooling peeling
endosperm chaff combine cleaned scythe thresh
Modern farmers use a 1
harvester to collect their wheat, but the 2
, sickle and
flail are still used in developing countries. The first task is to cut the heads from the top of the wheat
plants and then 3
them to remove the grains from the rest of the head, called 4
.
The grains are divided, 5
and taken to a mill, where any separation of bran, 6
,
and germ takes place.
12 Agriculture
13
1 Label the diagram with the words listed below.
roots seed stem leaf flower seed pod seedling
1
1
2
7
3
4
5
6
6
7 5
2
4
better bulky spoil grown costs reduce close handling
Fresh fruits and vegetables are 1
and 2
rapidly. The processing plant should be
3
to where they are 4
. This will 5
transport 6
and
cuts down 7
. This means the crops will be in 8
condition when they arrive at
the processing plant.
grading groups size foods quality
Sorting describes the way in which are separated into
1 2
on the basis of
weight, 3
or colour. 4
describes the process of sorting the foods into groups
based on 5
.
Agriculture 13
14
1 Match the pictures of farming equipment (1–4) with the labels (a–d).
a tractor
1 2
b combine harvester
c scythe
d hay baler
1
2
3
4 3 4
stems crops agricultural windrow tall grasses
The term ‘hay baler’ refers to a particular piece of 1
equipment used to harvest hay.
Hay includes 2
and other plants called legumes. Alfafa and clover are common hay
3
. These crops, used as animal feed, are cut with a mowing machine when they are about
18 inches (46 cm) 4
and still green. The mowing machine cuts and crimps the forage and
discharges it into a 4-feet (1.2 m) wide 5
. This crimping process breaks the 6
14 Agriculture
15
1 Match the fruit or vegetable (1–6) with the way it is prepared (a–f).
1 apples a peeled
2 apricot halves b seeds and stalk removed
3 grapes c skins and pips removed
4 oranges d peeled and cored
5 banana e peeled and seeds removed
6 peppers f destoned
4 Label the parts of the food washing machinery with the terms listed below.
4
3
Agriculture 15
16
1 Match the words (1–6) with the definitions (a–f).
1 cleaning a the process of raising or pushing fluids or gases
2 separating b combining things together
3 disintegrating c creating different parts from one unit
4 pumping d the process of removing dirt
5 mixing e a suitable container for distributing food
6 packaging f something that is breaking up
2 Label the pictures (1–5) with the names of the machinery listed below.
2
3
4 5
3 Match the skin or peel technique (1–3) with the vegetables (a–c).
1 abrasion a root vegetables
2 rotating sieve drums b potatoes
3 knives c apples and pears
16 Agriculture
17
1 Complete the text with the words listed below.
processing bakers finished household occupations perform
Food processing roles
Food processing 1
consist of several types of workers who process raw food products
into the 2
goods sold by supermarkets, wholesalers and restaurants. These workers
3
a range of tasks and are responsible for producing many of the food products found in every
4
. Some of these workers are 5
, others slaughter or process meat, and others
operate food 6
equipment.
2 Complete the table of food preserving methods with the words listed below.
canning chilling salting freezing drying UHT bottling sugar
freeze drying pickling smoking pasteurization sterilisation
High temperatures Low temperatures Removing moisture Use of chemicals
canning
along on 3
belts, through different stages such as mixing, cooking and 4
.
The other duties of a food process worker can include:
• controlling the that processes the food
5
heavy 2
the heaviest
dangerous more/ 3
dangerous the 4
/ least dangerous
good 5
the best
bad 6
The 7
Agriculture 17
18
1 Complete the text with the words listed below.
farmers arable changing rotation land soil
1
crops such as oat and wheat require good 2
and a warm climate to be grown
successfully. They require flat 3
that allows machinery such as combine harvesters to
be used. Arable 4
often use crop 5
methods to maximise their crop growth.
Crop rotation involves 6
what crops are grown in fields each year for a period of time -
commonly seven years.
2 Put the juice manufacturing processes listed below into the correct order.
cleaning harvesting concentration pasteurisation extraction packaging
18 Agriculture
Answer Key
Unit 1 Unit 4
1 1 silk 3 husk 1 1 wheat 4 distinct
2 kernal 2 berry 5 milling
3 seed 6 germ
2 1 plantations 5 sprout
2 seeds 6 ratoons 2 1 c 2 f 3 a 4 e 5 d 6 b
3 mature
4 setts
3 1 Because the region is dry, the sugar cane needs
regular water and nutrients
3 1 Around 120 countries 2 c
2 75% 3 Mega Volt Ampere
3 Up to 5 metres
4 c c s h
4 1 Sugar cane needs well drained soil.
2 Sugar cane has a shallow and fibrous root system. d r i e r t e
3 Some varieties are now pest and disease resistant. y u i b a
s s r o t
Unit 2 t h i i
1 1 bale chamber 3 collection floor a l n
2 rotary brushes 4 chopper l s e t t l i n g
2 1 F 2 T 3 F 4 F 5 F s n
3 1 tractor 4 sucrose g
2 machete 5 molasses v e s s e l
3 stalk 6 ethanol
4 1 harvested 4 taken
Unit 5
2 left 5 last 1 1 an 2 the 3 the
3 usually 2 1 separated 4 heated
2 Drying 5 washed
Unit 3 3 adjusts
1 g l u c o s e 3 1 contaminated 4 poultry
m i u 2 washing 5 manually
o i m c 3 separate 6 grading
l m e r
4 1 Preparation and milling
a p o 2 Lime and SO2
s u j s 3 Clarifying
s f r u c t o s e
e i i
Unit 6
s t c r y s t a l 1 1 d 2 b 3 e 4 a 5 c
y e 2 1 The boiling vats are not working properly
2 Call in the engineers to deal with the problem
2 1 Where are you working today? 3 About five hours
2 Did you see her this morning?
3 What time did you start work?
3 1 food
2 human/ animal consumption
4 Will you be attending the training course this
3 saleable, appetizing and long-life products
afternoon?
4 animal feed
3 1 endosperm
2 germ 4 s y d
3 bran h o u r e l a t e
i a y a
4 1 biggest 4 most dangerous
2 cleanest 5 longer f r r
3 fast 6 longest t s t a r t l
y
w e e k
m i n u t e
f i n i s h
Agriculture 19
Answer Key
20 Agriculture
Answer Key
3 s o 3 1 b 2 a 3 c
s p u m p k i n 4 w p
q i r s a
s g r a d i n g a
u n a o s
o c
a a y h
r c k
s c b i
t a a
h h e ni n g
c o u r g e t t e a g
n n i
l e t t u c e n g i n
c a b b a g e c l e a n i n g
g
4 1 foods
2 groups
3 size Unit 17
4 Grading 1 1 occupations 4 household
5 quality 2 finished 5 bakers
3 perform 6 processing
Unit 14
2 High Low
1 1 c 2 a 3 d 4 b temperatures temperatures
2 1 agricultural 4 tall canning freezing
2 grasses 5 windrow bottling chilling
3 crops 6 stems pasteurization
UHT
3 1 power line 3 pick up sterilisation
2 hitch 4 feeder forks
Removing moisture
Use of chemicals
4 1 c 2 e 3 b 4 a 5 d drying pickling
freeze drying salting
Unit 15 smoking
1 1 d 2 f 3 c 4 e 5 a 6 b sugar
2 m
b r e a d f r u i t
3 1 production 5 machinery
2 line 6 ingredients
g n l
3 conveyor 7 keeping
u g e 4 packing 8 faults
a o p m
4 1 longest 5 better
v a o
2 heavier 6 worse
t a m a r i n d p 3 less 7 worst
a 4 most
s t r a w b e r r y
b a n a n a Unit 18
1 1 Arable 4 farmers
3 1 c 2 b 3 d 4 a 2 soil 5 rotation
4 1 spray nozzles 3 raw root vegetables 3 land 6 changing
2 cleaned vegetables 4 water 2 1 harvesting 4 concentration
2 cleaning 5 pasteurisation
Unit 16 3 extraction 6 packaging
1 1 d 2 c 3 f 4 a 5 b 6 e 3 1 Two
2 1 potato planter 2 To cut down on water usage
2 cultivator 3 Cucumbers, shallots, carrots and gherkins
3 thresher 4 1 b 2 d 3 a 4 e 5 c
4 potato harvester
5 rotary tiller
Agriculture 21
acknowledgements
The publisher would like to thank the following for the permission to reproduce photographs:
Alamy Images p14 (combine harvester / Arco Images / Reinhard, H.);
Corbis p14 (farmer with scythe / Heide Benser), (hay baler / Gehl Company);
Getty Images p14 (tractor / Dorling Kindersley).
Cover image by: Alamy Images (Tomato harvest/Jacques Jangoux)
Illustrations by: Oxford Designers and Illustrators.
3 A001193
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